替代作用

替代效应

substitution ciphers───代替密码；替代密码

position effect───[遗]位置效应

substitution cipher───代替密码；替代密码

substitution instance───代换实例

position effects───[遗]位置效应

substitution───n.代替；[数]置换；代替物

substitutional───adj.取代的；代用的；代理的

substitutionary───adj.取代的；代理的；代用的

substitutions───n.[数]替换（substitution的复数）；代替；代用

That’s not a paradox, because rising wages have an income as well as a substitution effect.───这不是悖论，是因为工资增长有收入效应还有替代效应。

income effect is far more powerful than the substitution effect.───收入效应远远比替代效应强大。

The consumption effect of the interest rise depends on the substitution effect and the income effect.───利率上升的消费效用取决于利率上升的替代效应和收入效应的作用之和.

It promotes the income effect, substitution effect and finance effect aroused by tax.───税务筹划利导了企业税收引起的收入效应 、 替代效应与金融效应.

The results suggest that there is no wealth effect in the market but only substitution effect.───实证结果表明,我国房地产市场不具有财富效应而仅具有替代效应.

If we assume that the substitution effect is stronger, then workers will choose to work more and play less, which makes sense, since a higher wage would give workers more incentive to work.

Then the paper shows that the substitution effect of price variance can't be deter...

It promotes the income effect, substitution effect and finance effect aroused by tax.

Thereafter, however, there has been a dominant substitution effect.

As wage rates rise, if the substitution effect dominates, the end result is falling consumption of time-intensive commodities.

We find that technological progress has a strong substitution effect of capital in capital intensive industry.

When the wealth effect is smaller than the substitution effect, the stock price negatively correlated with inflation.

There is also a high product substitution effect in the innovative and fast moving IT consumables market.

The substitution effect leads to cheaper leisure being substituted for work, i.e. less work.