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释义 toUK:* weak: /ˈtu/ /tə/, strong: /ˈtuː/US:/tu; unstressed tʊ, tə/US:(to̅o̅; unstressed tŏŏ, tə)UK-RP:UK-Yorkshire:Irish:Scottish:US Southern:Jamaican: 主要翻译 to prep (destination) (某处)到，达He went to the shop. He went out to dinner.他去了商店。他出去吃饭。usage: destinationYou use to when you mention the place where someone goes.I'm going with her to Australia.The children have gone to school.I made my way back to my seat.Don't use ‘to’ in front of here or there. Don't say, for example, ‘We go to there every year’. Say ‘We go there every year’.Before I came here, there were a few offers from other clubs.His mother was from New Orleans and he went there every summer.Also, don't use ‘to’ in front of home.I want to go home.I'll pick the parcels up on my way home. to prep (toward)朝着；对着；向He walked to the house.他向那栋房子走去。 to prep (upon) (表示动作的对象)往…上The painter applied the pigment to the canvas.画家把颜料涂到了画布上。 to prep (of, belonging to)归于；属于The sash to his cape was red.他披风上的带子是红色的。 to prep (in relationship with) (表示相对位置)对，面对The table was parallel to the floor. He reacted with tenderness to her outburst.桌子与地面平行。他用他的温柔回应她的勃然大怒。 to prep (range, limit) (表示范围、界限等)达到，到In summer, the temperature ranges from thirty to forty degrees Celsius.夏天，气温可在三十到四十摄氏度内变化。 to prep (compared with)比；与…相比Manchester United won the match, four to two.曼联队赢了那场比赛，比分为四比二。 to prep (ratio)比；比率The proposal was defeated by seven votes to two.该提案经投票表决，以七比二未获通过。 to prep (in order to) (表示目的)为了Mo went there to pick up his order.为了收货，莫去了那儿。 其他翻译 to adv informal (closed) (门窗等)关上，合上When night fell, she pulled the shutters to.夜幕降临，她合上了窗帘。 to prep (recipient of action)给；对I thought you were disrespectful to her. to prep (on, against) (表示动作的承受部位)在…上The fighter took a punch to the jaw.拳击手在下巴上挨了一拳。 to prep (up to, until)在…之前；到To this very day, the original building still stands. to prep (in relation to) (表示关系)对于Josh says he's a third cousin to the president. to prep formal (regarding, with regard to)关于，有关To your earlier point, I think we are in agreement.关于你之前的观点，我认我俩意见是一致的。 to prep (intention) (表示意愿)为了给，以便给Sarah went to the rescue.萨拉去参与救援了。 to prep (resulting in)结果是；结果为；导致，造成To his horror, the painting was gone.那幅画消失不见，导致他惊恐万分。 to prep (into: resulting condition) (表示结果)变成It was broken to pieces.它摔成了碎片。 to prep (in respect of)关于；有关The secret to his success is his attention to detail.关于他成功的秘诀就是注重细节。 to prep (constituting)组成；构成There are a hundred centimetres to a metre.一米由一百厘米组成。 to prep (desire, toasting)祝酒；祝愿To the happy couple! Hear! Hear!说得好！祝愿这对幸福的新人！ to prep (rate of return) (引出比率的第二部分)比I get nearly 40 miles to the gallon in that car. to prep (time: before) (表示时间)在…之前It is twenty to three in the afternoon.现在时间是下午2点40分。 to prep (sum, calculations) (表示总和，相加)等于，相当于It comes to thirty-three dollars, ninety-four cents.总共相当于33美元94美分。 to prep (limit in condition) (表示程度)直到，到He felt cold to the bone after skiing.滑雪过后，他感觉冷到骨头了。 to prep (with a purpose of) (目的)为了，以，以便Fiona bought a new book to read.菲欧娜买了一本新书以供阅读。 to prep (addition)加；添加The extra charges added salt to the wounds.额外费用真的是往伤口撒盐。 to prep (in comparison to)相对，比This year's blackberries are inferior to last year's crop. to prep (position: in relation to) (表示方向)对，朝，向The left rail is parallel to the right rail.左右两条轨道是平行的。 to prep (in reaction to) (表示对某事的反应)面对，对He reacted with tenderness to her outburst.对她的大发雷霆，他回应以温柔。 to prep (verb and object connector)[连接动词和宾语]I am speaking generally, in regard to your efforts this week.Nora held to her opinion.我想就你这周的努力大概地说一下。 动词短语 add up to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (total)加起来总和是The opposite sides of a die add up to seven.骰子对边加起来为七。 add up to [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (indicate, lead to)意味着；等同于The evidence adds up to a clear attempt to steal the goods.证据显示确实有人企图偷窃货物。 advert to [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep formal (make reference to)提到；论及 advert to [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep formal (turn your attention to)注意到The committee adverted to the second item on their agenda.委员会注意到了他们议程上的第二项。 agree to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (consent)同意；对…表示同意The patient has agreed to the procedure.allude to [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (make reference to)提及；提到He alluded to his predecessor's scandals without mentioning them directly.awaken to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (experience on waking)在…中醒来I was awakened to the rude sounds of someone pounding on my door.awaken to [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (become enlightened about)觉察到；醒悟到；认识到The young maiden was slowly awakened to feelings of her sexuality.belong to [sb] vtr phrasal insep (be owned: by [sb])成为…的一员；属于This pen belongs to me.这支笔是我的。belong to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be a member: of [sth])归…所有；属于She belongs to the chess club她是象棋俱乐部的成员。belong to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (to be part of [sth])是...的一部分；属于...That cup belongs to my mother's tea set.boil down to [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative, informal (be essentially)归结为；归根结底到What it all boils down to is a failure to plan.这一切都归结于计划的失败。break back to [sb] vi phrasal + prep (sports: return to original position)回到原位The goalkeeper saved the shot, but the ball broke back to Smith, who scored.bring [sb] to vtr phrasal sep informal (rouse to consciousness)使…苏醒过来She was brought to with smelling salts.嗅盐使她苏醒过来。buckle to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (prepare to tackle: a task)准备处理；着手对付buddy up to vtr phrasal insep US, informal (curry favor of, befriend)对...友好；亲近build up to [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (work gradually towards [sth])逐渐达到The race was building up to an exciting finish.比赛即将迎来令人激动的最终时刻。；call on [sb] to do [sth], call upon [sb] to do [sth] vtr phrasal insep (request that [sb] do [sth])要求某人做某事The union called on the workers to support a strike.工会号召工人支持罢工。carry over to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (be extended)延迟，延续；延期His frustration at work carried over to his home.他工作上的挫败感延续到了家里。cast up to [sb] vi phrasal + prep UK, regional (reproach [sb] with [sth])责怪Jock cast up to Mary that she was to blame for their situation.乔克责备玛丽，说她应该为他们的处境负责。catch up with [sb/sth], also US: catch up to [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (go as fast as)追上；赶上I walk faster than he does, so I wait at each corner for him to catch up with me.我走得比他快，所以我在每个转角都会等他赶上来。catch up with [sb], also US: catch up to [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (join, reach)追上, 赶上You go on ahead; I'll catch up with you as soon as I've finished my work here.你先走，我一完成这里的工作就去找你。catch up with [sb], also US: catch up to [sb] vtr phrasal insep figurative, informal (repay: with [sth] bad) (过去造成的问题带来麻烦)找上Finally, his unhealthy habits caught up with him and he became very sick.最后，他那些不健康的坏习惯来找他麻烦了：他病得非常严重。cater to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (meet demands)满足…的需求；迎合Just because he's the boss he thinks I have to cater to his every desire.cater to [sb] vtr phrasal insep (meet needs)投...所好，迎合；满足...需求chalk [sth] up to [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (attribute, ascribe [sth] to [sth])将...归咎于；将...归因于Don accidentally ran a red light; he chalked it up to tiredness.change over to [sth] vi phrasal (switch)对调；对换I work until midnight for a week and then I change over to the morning shift.cling on to [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (hold tightly)紧紧抓住come around, also UK: come round to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (revise your opinion)改变观点；改而接受…的观点Steve eventually came round to my opinion.最终，史蒂夫改而接受我的观点了。come back to [sb] vi phrasal + prep (return to memory)回想起；在记忆中重现The name of the film suddenly came back to me.我突然想起了那部电影的名字。；come down to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (be essentially)归根结底是…What this strike comes down to is a failure to communicate with your staff.come on to [sb] vi phrasal + prep slang (flirt with [sb])勾引；跟…调情备注: Commonly used in the continuousAre you coming on to me?你是在勾引我吗？come to vi phrasal informal (regain consciousness) (非正式用语)苏醒，恢复意识，醒过来When he came to, he was in hospital.他醒来时发现自己身处医院。come up to [sb] vi phrasal + prep (approach [sb])接近某人He came up to me in the street and tried to bum a dollar.他从街上向我走来，想讨要一块钱。come up to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (reach as high as)变得跟…一样高，到…的高度Don't worry if you can't swim; the water will only come up to your knees.即便不会游泳也不用担心，那里的水只会到你的膝盖那么高。come up to [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (meet: standards, expectations) (标准、要求等)达到；达成No matter what he did, he wasn't able to come up to his father's expectations.无论做什么，他都无法达到父亲的预期。contract [sth] out to [sb] vtr phrasal sep (outsource)将某事外包给某人；让某人承包某事contribute to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (make bigger)促成；有助于Better cost control has contributed to the increase in the company's profits.改良的成本控制促成了公司利润的增长。contribute to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be responsible for [sth])对...负有责任；是造成...的原因之一The newspaper report says that drugs contributed to the crash.报纸称毒品是造成车祸的原因之一。cop on to [sth], cop onto [sth] vi phrasal + prep UK, slang (fact, idea: realise, grasp)意识到，理解到She didn't cop on to the fact that the girl he was describing was her sister.cotton on to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (realise)认识到；明白She finally cottoned on to the fact that they were teasing her.count down to [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (prepare for, anticipate [sth])为…作最后的准备As soon as one birthday is over, Tommy starts counting down to the next one.count on [sb] to do [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (trust, rely on)指望某人做某事；相信You can count on her to be on time.你可以相信她会准时到场。cow down to [sb] vi phrasal + prep US, informal (be intimidated)威胁，恐吓I'm not going to cow down to her. She doesn't scare me!cozy up to [sb] (US), cosy up to [sb] (UK) vtr phrasal insep figurative, informal (ingratiate yourself)讨好；巴结He's trying to get a promotion and has been cosying up to the boss.cross over to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (change loyalties)转而站到…的一边；转而投向The senator crossed over to the opposition.那名参议员转而站到反对党的一边。cross over into [sth], cross over to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (defy genres) (音乐等)混合；融合Run DMC were one of the first rap acts to cross over into the rock charts.Run DMC是最早融合摇滚的说唱乐队之一。cross over to [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (music, film: appeal diversely)吸引各种听众；吸引各种观众The film has enough appeal to cross over to a wider audience.这部片子有足够的魅力，能吸引各种层面的观众。date back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (exist since)追溯到…The fossils dated back to the Precambrian eon.；defer to [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (concede to authority, etc.)遵从；服从；听从Rachel's boss didn't agree with her idea so, as he had more experience, she deferred to his judgement.dob [sb] in to [sb] vtr phrasal sep UK, slang (inform on [sb])向...告发...echo back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (computing: relay or send to) (计算机)对…做出应答echo back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (recall, bring to mind)想起..., 记起...The band's latest album echoes back to the cheerful uptempo music of their first album twenty years ago.equate to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be equal)等同于Wealth doesn't equate to moral authority.；face up to [sth] vi phrasal + prep colloquial (acknowledge: [sth] unpleasant)正视You need to face up to reality, and deal with the matter swiftly.你需要正视事实，并且迅速处理问题。face up to [sb] vi phrasal + prep colloquial (confront)面对，直面If you face up to bullies, they usually leave you alone afterwards.如果你直面霸凌者，往往事后他们就不来招惹你了。fall on [sb], fall to [sb] vtr phrasal insep (be the obligation of)落在…肩上Responsibility for the project's success or failure ultimately falls on the manager.fall to vi phrasal (begin to eat)开始吃feed back to [sb] vi phrasal + prep (report back to)向...提供反馈；向...报告备注: The single-word form is used when the term is a nounJamie always feeds back to his line manager in a timely manner.杰米总是及时向他的电话经理提供反馈。feed back into [sth], feed back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (affect in turn)反作用于；反馈于The results of the student survey feed back into future teaching practices.学生调查的结果能够反过来指导未来的教学实践。fess up to [sth], 'fess up to [sth] vi phrasal + prep slang, abbreviation (admit)承认flash back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (show scene from past) (电影等)闪回到Suddenly the film flashed back to a scene from the main character's childhood.flip over to [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (change: TV channel)转到；跳转到I wasn't enjoying the film so I flipped over to the sports channel.我不喜欢看这部电影，所以我换到体育频道。；gear up to do [sth] vi phrasal figurative, informal (increase work rate)提高效率以做某事This business needs to gear up to beat our competitors.这项业务需要提高效率以打败我们的竞争对手。get around to [sth], also UK: get round to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (find time)抽出时间Bill eventually got round to the washing-up.get around to doing [sth], also UK: get round to doing [sth] vtr phrasal insep (find time)抽出时间做某事One of these days, I will get around to making the trip to Paris.get back to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (resume)恢复；继续；重新开始I'd love to talk more but I have to get back to my work now.我很想再聊会儿，不过我得继续工作了。get back to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (return)回到；返回It would be nice to get back to my hometown one day.要是有一天能回到我的家乡就好了。get down to [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (start)开始；着手办理Let's get down to the important matter of choosing our new chairperson.让我们开始着手挑选新主席吧，这才是重要的事。get on to [sb] vtr phrasal insep informal (contact [sb])联系，联络Let me get on to my attorney and see what he says.get on to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (progress to [sth])继续到；转至Let's get on to the next item on the agenda.get onto [sth], get on to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (discuss)骑上（马等），登上（车等）；与…联系，接触；学会，掌握；察觉，发现（秘密等）My boss always becomes defensive when we get onto the subject of a pay rise.get through to [sb] vtr phrasal insep (reach: on phone)给某人打通电话；接通某人I'm trying to get through to the President but he's not answering his phone.我正试着给总统打电话，不过他不接。get through to [sb] vtr phrasal insep figurative (make understand)使某人理解；使某人明白I need to get through to my son and make him see drugs are not the answer!我需要使儿子明白毒品不是解决办法！get up to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (do: [sth] mischievous) (常指不好的事情)做，干Katie has locked her bedroom door; what's she getting up to in there?凯蒂锁了卧室的门。她在里面干什么呢？give [sth] back, give [sth] back to [sb] vtr phrasal sep (return: [sth] to [sb])归还，交还，还Did you give me back the pen I lent you? You took my sweater? Give it back!你还了我借你的笔了么？你拿了我的毛衣？还给我！give in to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (yield: to feeling, temptation) (感觉，诱惑)屈服于, 向…屈服The children wanted to stay up until midnight, but one by one, they gave in to sleep.孩子们想熬到半夜，但他们一个接一个地睡着了。give in to [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (submit, surrender)屈服于；向…投降After the last scandal, the mayor gave in to the pressure and resigned.上次丑闻发生后，市长迫于压力辞职了。give out to [sb] vtr phrasal insep Irish, informal (reprimand)训斥，斥责My mam gives out to me if I don't do my homework.give over to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (yield to [sth], give in)忍不住…起来The little girls gave over to laughter when they saw the man slip and fall on a patch of ice.give [sb/sth] over to [sth] vtr phrasal sep (dedicate to, grant use of)把…交给…，允许…使用…备注: Often used in the passive.During the war, the university was given over to the hospital to make room for more patients.go to [sth] vi phrasal (resort: to [sth])诉诸于；通过They went to great effort to get here on time.他们费了好大劲才准时赶到这里。go to [sb] vtr phrasal insep figurative (consult, ask a favor of)向…寻求帮助；向…咨询When I need advice, I go to my rabbi.go back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (return to: a place)重回；回到I'd like to go back to Paris one day.总有一天我想要重回巴黎。go back to [sb] vi phrasal + prep (return: to partner)回到（伴侣）身边Gina has decided to go back to her husband and try to make their relationship work.吉娜决定回到老公身边，试着维系他们的关系。go back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (revert) (恶习等)再度，重新开始，故态复萌Ted seems to have gone back to his bad habits of drinking and gambling.特德似乎再度开始他酗酒和赌博的恶习了。go back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (be in the past)追溯到That song goes back to the Second World War.那首歌可以追溯到第二次世界大战。go over to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (switch to)转向I went over to another cell phone provider because I didn't like the one I had been using.；hang on to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (retain, keep)保留, 保有These old books are worthless, but I hang on to them because they remind me of my childhood.hang on to [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (cling to)紧握住；紧紧抓住The slope was so steep and slippery that I had to hang on to a tree to avoid falling.hang on to [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (attend very closely to)仔细注意；密切留意hark back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (recall the past)提醒；令人想起James is always harking back to what he calls "the good old days".hark back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (be like [sth] from the past)与过去的...相似The story harks back to the ancient epics.；heave to vi phrasal (ship: stop) (船只)停船The boat heaved to at the dock.船停在码头。hew to [sth] vtr phrasal insep US (adhere, conform to)坚持；遵守The politician has promised to hew to the wishes of her constituents.这位政治家承诺遵从选民的意愿。hold fast to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (firmly, tightly)牢牢系在...上；紧紧固定在...上The rope held fast to the boat.hold fast to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (uphold: principle, idea) (宾语多为表原则、信念之词)坚持，坚守He holds fast to his socialist principles.hold on to [sth/sb], hold onto [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (grasp, clutch)抓住…不放If you think you are going to slip, hold on to my arm.如果你觉得自己要滑倒了，就牢牢抓住我的手臂。hold onto [sth], hold on to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (keep, maintain despite difficulty)保持，保住；挺住，坚持住In all the years of poverty, she managed to hold onto her dignity.在这漫长的贫穷的岁月里，她设法保住了自己的尊严。hold [sb] to [sth] vtr phrasal sep (expect [sb] to honour [sth])使某人遵守某事He said he would come and see me and I'll hold him to that.You made a promise and we will hold you to your word.hold to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (refuse to abandon or change)执着于；忠于hook [sth/sb] up to [sth], hook [sb/sth] up to [sth] vtr phrasal sep (connect, attach)将…连接到I had to hire an expert to hook up my computer to the office network.我需要请一位专家将我的电脑连上办公室的网络。；kiss up to [sb] vtr phrasal insep figurative, slang (be obsequious towards)拍马屁；讨好；巴结You can kiss up to your boss but you're still not guaranteed a pay rise.knuckle down to [sth] vi phrasal + prep slang (apply yourself)埋头工作；埋头苦干We don't have much time for this project. We'd better knuckle down to work.latch on to [sth/sb], latch onto [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (cling)缠住…不放Sea lampreys latch on to passing fish, sharks, and even humans.latch on to [sth], latch onto [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (idea, etc.: adopt, understand)理解The student began to latch on to the idea of Socialism.latch on to [sb], latch onto [sb] vtr phrasal insep figurative (follow [sb] around)缠着；缠着不放She's so clingy, she just latches on to whatever boy she meets.latch on to [sth], latch onto [sth] vtr phrasal insep (baby: grab nipple with mouth)吸住；吸着不放lead on to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (progress to)带来We hope that this early success will lead on to further triumphs.lead up to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (events: come before)作为…的先导；引起The days leading up to the wedding were so busy, with many details to finalise.lead up to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (events: culminate in)导致；致使In court, the police officer recounted the events leading up to the defendant's arrest.lead up to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (introduce: a subject) (话题等)引入，导入The speaker led up to the topic by telling the audience about some of the historical background.Tessa kept beating about the bush and her brothers wondered what she was leading up to.live up to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (be as good as)达到…标准；不辜负She made every effort to live up to her ideals.她尽一切努力来达到自己的理想。lock on to [sth], lock onto [sth] vtr phrasal insep (follow closely) (比喻义)锁定look forward to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (await [sth] with excitement)期盼；企盼We look forward to our summer holiday every year.我们每年都期盼着暑假。usage: used with a nounIf you are looking forward to something that you are going to experience, you are pleased or excited about it.I'm really looking forward to his visit.Is there any particular thing you are looking forward to next year?Be carefulDon't use this expression without to. Don't say, for example, ‘I’m really looking forward his visit'. Also don't say that someone ‘is looking forwards to’ something.look forward to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (long for [sth])期待；等待I look forward to the day when I can afford to retire.我期待着我能退休的一天。look up to [sb] vtr phrasal insep (admire and respect [sb])敬爱；尊敬；崇敬Ideally, children should look up to their parents.理想情况下，孩子们应该敬爱自己的父母。lose out to [sb] vi phrasal + prep (be beaten by [sb])被凑；被打The driver lost out to the reigning champion on the final lap.这位车手在最后一圈输给了卫冕冠军。make [sth] out to [sb/sth], make out [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep (cheque: address to) (支票)把…开给Please make your cheque out to "James Stephenson".请将你的支票开给“詹姆斯·斯蒂芬森”。make up to [sb] vtr phrasal insep US, informal (fawn)巴结；讨好；奉承That guy makes me sick; he's always making up to the boss.match up to [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep UK, figurative, informal (be as good as)比得上；和…一样好Sadly, the reality of modelling did not match up to Tracy's dreams.遗憾的是，真实的模特职涯与特雷西的梦想千差万别。measure up to [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (match, be equal to)达到…的要求；符合…的标准Rodgers has proved that he is capable of measuring up to the demands of the job.minister to [sb] vtr phrasal insep (give care or aid)侍候；服侍；服侍The doctor ministered to her patients. The priest ministered to his congregation.minister to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (serve needs)满足（需求）The downtown shelter ministers to the needs of homeless people.mouth off at [sb], mouth off to [sb] vi phrasal + prep slang (be rude to [sb])和...顶嘴, 对...无礼move on to [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (progress to)进入；转向After the children have mastered addition they will move on to division.孩子们掌握了加法后，他们将继续学习除法。ought to vi phrasal (should: with implied clause)应该"Do I have to do it?" "No, but you ought to."“我必须做吗？”“那倒不是，不过你应该做。”；point to [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (suggest, indicate)表明；说明All the evidence points to his being guilty of the murder.所有的证据都说明他有罪。point to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (cite, give as example)引用，提到He pointed to the recent peace agreement as one of his proudest achievements.他提到最近的和平协议便是他最自豪的成就之一。prepare to do [sth] vtr phrasal insep (get ready to)准备；为…做准备Prepare to die, scum!pull [sth] to pieces vtr phrasal sep (take or tear apart)撕碎, 把…撕成碎片pull [sth] to pieces vtr phrasal sep figurative (criticize, discredit: idea)批判, 把…说得一文不值, 把…批评得一无是处The teacher pulled my essay to pieces.put [sb] on to [sb], put [sb] onto [sb] vtr phrasal insep informal (put in touch with)介绍...联系某人A friend of his father's put him on to Mr. Smith, and Mr. Smith hired him as a printer.put [sb] on to [sth], put [sb] onto [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (inform about)向某人报告；将…告知某人put [sb] up to [sth] vtr phrasal sep (persuade [sb] to do [sth])唆使某人做某事；怂恿某人做某事Rick was questioned by police but would not reveal who put him up to the crime.里克遭到警方的审问，不过就是不透露出唆使他犯罪的元凶。recur to, recur to [sth] vtr phrasal insep formal (have recourse to)借助于If they refuse to refund your money, you can always recur to small-claims court.relate to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be connected with)与…相关His stories never seem to relate to anything in the real world.他的故事好像从来都不与现实中的任何事物相关。relate to [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep informal (empathize with)感受到；与…感同身受I can relate to his situation.对于他的处境，我可以感同身受。reply to [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (answer, respond to)回答；回应He remained silent and did not reply to my question.reply to [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (write back to)回信John's letter arrived six weeks ago; I really must reply to him.report back to [sb] vi phrasal + prep (give an account of [sth])向...汇报Go see what's happening over there, and report back to me.report to [sb] vtr phrasal insep (be accountable to: a superior)向...报告；对...负责；由...管理In the table of organization I report to the director, and eleven other people report to me.；resolve to do [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be determined to)下决心They are resolved to vote him out of office.For this New Year, I resolve to lose ten pounds.resort to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (have recourse to) (指某种方法)采取；诉诸某种手段The demonstration was largely peaceful, though a small number of protesters resorted to violence.大部分示威者都很和平，但有小部分人诉诸了暴力。roll back to [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (revert)回到；返回I rolled back to the previous version of the software and it worked fine.roll up to [sth], roll up at [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal, figurative (arrive somewhere)到达；出现在The drivers rolled up to the starting line and waited for the race to begin.车手们汇集在起跑线上，等待比赛开始。round [sth] down, round [sth] down to [sth] vtr phrasal sep (express as previous whole number) (数字)把…向下舍入The answer was 5.1, so I rounded it down to 5.round [sth] off, round [sth] off to [sth] vtr phrasal sep (express as nearest whole number)以整数计；四舍五入The price was eighty-seven euros, but the clerk rounded it off to eighty-five.价格是八十七欧元，但店员将其四舍五入到八十五欧元。round [sth] up to [sth] vtr phrasal sep (express as next whole number)将…取整为Round the answer up to the nearest 10.将答案取整为10。run over to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (dash to)向…猛冲；奔向Can you just run over to John's and deliver this card?run to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (cost) (指成本开销)达到...；可达...The cost of a new roof could run to several thousand dollars.run to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (extend to)延长至...；拓展至...The author's final draft ran to over 500 pages.run to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (tend toward)倾向于...；更喜欢...The teenager's taste in movies ran to horror and slapstick comedies.run to [sb] vtr phrasal insep (turn to for help)求助于某人；向某人求助Aren't you too old to keep running to your mother every time things go wrong?run up to [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep (run to [sth/sb] and stop)跑向；奔向The boys ran up to the front of the church.男孩子们跑向教堂前面。；see to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (tend or attend to)照顾；照料；护理Your bicycle has a flat tire, sir? We'll see to it right away.先生，您的自行车胎漏气了。我们马上进行护理。set out to do [sth] vtr phrasal insep (intend)想要做；打算要做I didn't set out to hurt you; I'm sorry if what I said was upsetting.我不想伤害你。如果我说的让你难过，我对此表示歉意。set out to do [sth] vtr phrasal insep (undertake)着手做；动手做He set out to mend the fences, but ran out of wire before he was halfway done.set to doing [sth] vtr phrasal insep (start: doing)开始做某事；开始干某事备注: A hyphen is used when the term is a nounLena did not have a dress for the prom, so she took out her sewing machine and set to making one.莉娜没有参加舞会的礼服，所以她拿出了缝纫机，准备做一件。sign in to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (computing: log in) (计算机)登录到My home page looked unfamiliar; then I realised I had signed in to the wrong account.我的主页看起来有点陌生，然后我意识到登错了账户。slip over to [sth] vi phrasal + prep US, informal (make a short trip to)去...短期旅行；快速去一趟I'm going to slip over to the store to get some milk.slip over to [sth] vi phrasal + prep US, informal (go without being noticed)悄悄去；溜到The young lovers slipped over to the lake for some privacy.speak to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (respond to a question about: [sth])针对...发表意见；就…问题来说；就…进行评论I don't know how severe the damage was, so I can't speak to the cost of repair.speak to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (give evidence of)为...作证；证明This book speaks to the experience of being a miner in 1980s Britain.speak to [sb] vtr phrasal insep (resonate with [sb])与...共鸣square up to [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (prepare to fight [sb/sth]) (指为了打架)对...摆好架势，对...摩拳擦掌The wrestler squared up to his opponent.square up to [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (prepare to solve a problem) (指解决问题)正视stand to vi phrasal (military: be ready for attack) (军队)做好...准备；准备战斗stand up to [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (confront)对抗；抵抗；反抗Kate stood up to the bully by telling her loudly to stop.凯特反抗那个恶霸，大声叫她停下来。stand up to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (withstand: wear, stress)经久耐用；经得起They ran many trials to ensure the fabric would stand up to the extreme weather conditions.他们做了许多测试以确保这种织物能经得起极端气候条件。stick with [sth], stick at [sth], stick to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (not vary or deviate from) (非正式用语)坚持做某事，继续做某事；遵守If I stick with this diet, I should be able to wear my favorite pants again by Christmas.只要能继续坚持这样的膳食计划，我应该就能在圣诞节前再次穿上我最喜欢的裤子了。stoop to, stoop to (do) [sth] vtr phrasal insep (debase yourself, condescend)自贬身份；屈尊降贵I wouldn't stoop to respond to a question from them.strip [sth] down to [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (reduce: to essentials or basics)去芜存菁；使精炼In these economic hard times, many families have stripped their grocery budget down to a few staple items.suck up to [sb] vi phrasal + prep figurative, slang (be obsequious to [sb])奉承；巴结The man sucks up to his boss because he wants a raise.那人巴结他的老板，因为他想要加薪。；take to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (come to enjoy)开始喜欢；开始沉湎于She has taken to her new job with enthusiasm.她热情洋溢地投入新工作。take to [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (start liking)开始喜欢The little girl took to her new puppy dog. They are now inseparable.小女孩喜欢上了她新买的小狗，现在都时刻在一起。take to doing vtr phrasal insep (start doing habitually)开始养成…的习惯Police have taken to stopping motorcyclists at random.警察开始习惯于随便拦下骑摩托车的人。talk down to [sb] vi phrasal + prep figurative (speak condescendingly to)以居高临下的口气跟…说话I hate it when my teacher talks down to me.我讨厌我的老师用居高临下的口气跟我说话。travel to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (go or journey to: a place)旅游至...；去...旅游tumble to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (with object: realise, understand)意识到；得知Ryan is going to be so angry when he tumbles to what we've done behind his back.tune in to [sth], tune into vi phrasal + prep (listen to: [sth] broadcast) (广播、电视节目)收听, 收看tune in to [sth/sb], tune into vi phrasal + prep figurative (be aware of: feelings, needs) (感受、需求等)感觉到, 了解turn to [sb], turn to [sb] for help vtr phrasal insep (seek help from [sb])向…寻求帮助；求助于I'm in such a bad situation that I don't know who to turn to.Don't turn to him for help, he can't be trusted.身处如此糟糕的情境，我不知道该向谁求助。/// 不用向他求助，他并不可靠。turn to [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (resort to: a course of action)诉诸Josie turned to therapy to deal with her emotional problems.乔西转向去治疗她的情绪问题。wake up to [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (become aware of)有所察觉；开始了解After seeing the note in his pocket, Marsha woke up to the fact that her husband was having an affair.发现口袋里的纸条后，玛莎察觉到她丈夫有了婚外情。want to do [sth] vtr phrasal insep (have a desire to)想要做某事If you want to come, get in the car!如果你想来，就上车！warm up to [sth] (US), warm to [sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep (become more in favour of)适应；逐渐喜欢上；慢慢习惯warm up to [sb] (US), warm to [sb] (UK) vtr phrasal insep (come to like better)慢慢喜欢上wise up to [sth] vtr phrasal insep US, informal (realise)意识到；认识到I hope you wise up to his tricks before you get hurt.wise [sb] up (to [sth]) vtr phrasal sep US, informal (make aware)令...认识到；令...意识到work up to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (gather courage)鼓起勇气I'm still working up to asking her out on a date. 复合形式： a bite to eat n informal (snack)小吃，随便吃点 a long way to go expr (much effort still needed)还有很长的路要走；漫漫长路Brad did well on the quiz, but he has a long way to go before he passes the class. a quarter till [sth], a quarter 'til [sth] (US), a quarter to [sth], quarter to [sth] (UK) expr (15 minutes before the hour)差十五分钟到…（点）I'll meet you at a quarter till one... in the afternoon, of course. a quarter till, a quarter 'til (US), a quarter to, quarter to (UK) expr informal (15 minutes before the hour)...点差一刻 a quarter to expr (time: fifteen minutes before) (时间)差一刻到…It's almost a quarter to five; we're running late. a ways to go expr US, informal (some distance to go)还有一段路要走；还有一段距离 a word to the wise n colloquial (giving warning, advice) (口语)明白人用不着多说，聪明人一点就明白A word to the wise: do not visit this neighborhood alone after dark. abandon [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep (give up control of)把...的控制权让给...；把...的控制权丢给...The army abandoned the territory to the indigenous peoples. abandon yourself to [sth] v expr (surrender to [sth]: desires, etc.)屈从于；沉溺于 ability to listen n (attentiveness)耐心倾听的能力An effective therapist has an ability to listen. able to do [sth] expr (capable of doing)能做到，能够做到The only people able to afford to buy a house in this area are millionaires.只有百万富翁才能买得起这一片的房子。usage: ‘able’If someone is able to do something, they can do it either because of their knowledge or skill, or because it is possible. He wondered if he would be able to climb over the fence.They were able to use their profits for new investments.If you use a past tense, you mean that someone has actually done something. We were able to reduce costs.➜ See can - could - be able to be able to do [sth] v expr (can, have the ability to do)能，能够Claire wasn't able to reach the jar on the top shelf.克莱尔够不到最上层的罐子。 be about to do [sth] v expr (on the point of doing)正要做…的时候，正准备做…时I was just about to step into the bath when the doorbell rang.我正要进入浴室时，门铃响了。 about to become [sth] v expr (on the point of being)即将成为；即将变成She is about to become the youngest scientist to win the Nobel Prize. about to happen adj (imminent)即将发生You want me to give you money? That's not about to happen. accede to [sth] vi + prep formal (agree to [sth])答应；同意We refuse to accede to the terrorists' demands. accede to [sth] vi + prep formal (join a treaty, organization)加入The Czech Republic acceded to the EU in May 2004. accede to [sth] vi + prep formal (take on power, office)任职The young prince acceded to the throne when he came of age. accede to the throne v expr formal (become king, queen)继承王位 be accepted and agreed to v expr (terms: be legally agreed) (条款)认可并接受 acclimate to [sth] vi + prep (become accustomed to [sth])适应；习惯 acclimate [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (make accustomed to [sth])使适应；使逐渐习惯于 acclimatize to [sth], also UK: acclimatise to [sth] vi + prep figurative (become accustomed to [sth])使适应；使习惯于People in the city have been forced to acclimatize to increased security controls. acclimatize [sb/sth] to [sth], also UK: acclimatise [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (accustom to [sth])使适应；使习惯于If you have cats and you move house you need to keep the cats indoors for at least a few days to acclimatize them to their new home. acclimatize [sb/sth] to [sth], also UK: acclimatise [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (accustom to climate)使...适应气候；使…服水土Before planting out your young seedlings, take them out of the greenhouse for a short period, then increase each day, to acclimatize them to the colder conditions outdoors. accommodate to vi + prep (adapt to)适应；调整以适应If you have any special requests, we can accommodate to your needs.如果你有任何特殊要求，我们都会进行调整，适应你的需求。 accord [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (grant)将某物授予某人We hereby accord to the petitioner the relief that she requests.我们现授予申请人所要求的救济金。 according to prep (in the opinion of)根据…的看法According to David, the concert was very good.根据戴维德的看法，那场音乐会很棒。 according to prep (in the words of)根据…的话According to Proudhon, property is theft!根据蒲鲁东的话，财产是盗窃！usage: ‘according to’You can use according to when you want to report what someone said.According to Dr Santos, the cause of death was drowning.You can also use according to when you want to report information given in a book or a document.The road was forty miles long, according to my map. In conversation, instead of saying ‘According to George, the roads are very slippery this morning’, you often say ‘George says the roads are very slippery this morning’.Arnold says they do this in Essex as well.Car sales have fallen this year, the report says. according to prep (in order determined by)根据…排序The children lined up according to their height, from shortest to tallest.孩子们根据身高，从矮到高地排队。 according to prep (as stated in)根据…的指示；按…所说；按…所记载Make the bread according to the recipe.请根据食谱的指示制作面包。 according to prep (in proportion to)取决于；以…为依据Salaries are determined according to experience.薪资水准取决于经验。 according to custom expr (as is traditional)根据习俗；根据风俗习惯According to custom, the dinner must be on the first Sunday in June. according to law expr (in agreement with law)根据法律；依法According to law, the website owner must check all materials published on it. according to legend expr (in mythology)根据神话传说According to legend, the infants Romulus and Remus were suckled by a wolf. according to legend expr (in popular myth or belief) (都市传奇，民间传言)相传，据说According to legend, there is buried treasure on Cocos Island. according to regulations expr (following official rules)根据规章制度According to regulations, you cannot take lighter fluid on to an airplane. according to reports expr (as has been reported)据报道；据报告According to reports, there has been a coup in Niger. Further details are not yet available. according to the agreement expr (by the terms of the agreement)根据协议According to the agreement, the buyer will purchase all the product that the seller can produce. according to the contract expr (by the terms of the contract)根据合同；根据合同条款According to the contract you may take three days of bereavement leave for your uncle's funeral, but only one for your nephew's. according to the letter expr (according to law)严格地根据法律；严格依法These laws are no longer obeyed according to the letter. according to the letter expr (word for word)根据字面意思Calvin interprets the biblical text according to the letter.卡尔文根据字面意思解读圣经经文。 according to the rules expr (by the rules)根据规则；根据规定According to the rules, he had to be taken off the field. accountable to [sb] adj + prep (has to report to)对某人负有解释义务；对某人负责The MP is accountable to his constituents.议员需要对他的选民负责。 accrue to [sth] vi + prep (fall naturally to)自然获得；自然形成A better salary is one of the benefits that accrue from higher education.高等教育能自然带来的好处之一就是更高的薪资。 acculturate [sb] to [sth], acculturate [sb] into [sth] vtr (assimilate: into a culture)使...融入...文化；使...适应...文化 accustom [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (habituate)使…习惯Years of living in Morocco have accustomed me to hot weather.在摩洛哥生活多年让我适应了炎热的天气。 ache to do [sth] v expr (yearn, long to do)渴望做（某事）；想做（某事）When it's this cold, I ache to go to the Bahamas.冷成这样的时候，我就很想去巴哈马群岛。 acquiesce to [sth] vi + prep formal (consent: to a request)默许；默认The principal finally acquiesced to the students' demands. actuate [sb], actuate [sb] to do [sth] vtr (motivate [sb] to do [sth])激励...做... adapt yourself to [sth] v expr (get used to)逐渐习惯；逐渐适应 adapt yourself to doing [sth] v expr (get used to doing [sth])使自己适应...；使自己习惯... adapt yourself to [sth] v expr (change to accommodate)改变自己以适应 adapt yourself to doing [sth] v expr (change to accommodate)改变以适应...You need to adapt yourself to living with other people. adaptable to [sth] adj + prep (person: flexible) (人)善于适应...的；能灵活适应...的You have to be adaptable to changing rules to succeed in this job. add to [sth] vi + prep (supplement)增加，增添Herbs will add to the flavour of the soup.香草能给汤增添香味。 add [sth] to [sth] vtr (contribute, enhance)给…添加；给…增加Seasoning adds flavour to food.调味料能给食物添加风味。 add to [sth] vi + prep (increase)增多；增加The knowledge of how he died only added to his family's suffering.知道他是怎么死的只能徒增家属的苦痛。 add [sth] and/to [sth] vtr (mathematics: calculate total) (数学)将…与…加起来If you add one and six, the total is seven.如果你将一与六加起来，总和就为七。 add [sth] to [sth] vtr (join, put in)把…加进Jim plans to add his work to the project.吉姆计划将自己的工作加进项目中来。 add fuel to the fire v expr figurative (exacerbate the issue)火上浇油Shouting at angry pupils is only likely to add fuel to the fire. add insult to injury v expr figurative (make bad situation worse)雪上加霜They got lost in the woods. Then, to add insult to injury, they were out of food.他们在森林中迷路了，然而更糟的是他们的食物也吃完了。 add [sth] onto [sth], add on [sth] to [sth] v expr (charge in addition) (uuu)测试看看viThis restaurant automatically adds a service charge onto the bill.just a test add [sth] onto [sth], add on [sth] to [sth] v expr (append)将...添加到；将...附加到 address [sth] to [sb] vtr (indicate mail is intended for [sb])在…上写…的地址；将（信）寄给Joyce addressed the letter to her sister.乔伊斯将信寄给妹妹。 address [sth] to [sb] vtr (remark: say to [sb])向某人就某事发表讲话O'Neill addressed his remarks to the business owners in the audience.奥尼尔向在座听众中的企业主们发表了讲话。 address [sth] to [sb] vtr (consign, entrust)将...交付给；委托…代理The cargo was addressed to the freight forwarder. address [sth] to [sth] vtr (computers: direct data to)把（数据）输入电脑的特定位置；编（址）The server addressed the data to the mainframe. be addressed to [sb] v expr (mail: be intended for [sb])是寄给某人的This letter is addressed to you.这封信是寄给你的。 adhere to [sth] vi + prep (stick to)粘附；附着Mud adhered to the tires of the truck.卡车轮胎上粘附着泥土。 adhere to [sth] vi + prep figurative (rules: abide by, follow) (规则等)遵守，遵照If you don't adhere to the rules, you will be in trouble.如果你不遵守规则，就会自找麻烦。 adhere [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (make [sth] stick)使粘附Please adhere the poster to the other side of the door.请把海报贴在门的另一面。 adjacent to [sth] adj + prep (beside [sth])与...相邻的；与...位置相近的A modern skyscraper is adjacent to the historical church. adjourn to [sth] vi + prep (move to another place)换地方；去...The men adjourned to the living room for brandy and cigars. adjunct to [sth] n ([sth] additional)附属物；附件；附加物The professor uses multimedia as an adjunct to classic teaching methods.教授将多媒体作为经典教学方法的补充。 adjure [sb] to do [sth] vtr (appeal or command: [sb] to do [sth])命令...做某事；要求...做某事 adjust to [sth] vi + prep ([sb]: adapt, get used to [sth])适应Dexter found it impossible to adjust to an office job.德克斯特发现无法适应办公室的工作。 adjust to [sth] vi + prep ([sth]: can be modified)可调节至；可调整以适应The seatbelt adjusts to the desired length using this buckle.用这个搭扣可以把安全带调节到所需的长度。 admit to [sth] vi + prep (confess to: a crime)供认；承认Cross admitted to the theft of the money.克罗斯承认是自己偷了钱。 admit to [sth] v expr (acknowledge: feelings)承认（某种感情）Dave had admitted to being jealous of his younger brother.戴夫承认他嫉妒自己的弟弟。 admit [sb] to [sth] vtr often passive (place in an institution)接纳…入（院）；把…收入医院；接受...住院Have you ever been admitted to a hospital?你有没有住过院？ admit to [sth] vi + prep formal, UK (door, gate: provide access to)通往；通向The gate admits to the courtyard. admit [sth] to [sb] vtr (confess)向…承认；向…供认Ken admitted his part in the robbery to the police. admit [sb] to [sth], admit [sb] into [sth] vtr (allow entry)让…得以进入The night watchman has to go to the door to admit you into the building. admit [sb] to [sth], admit [sb] into [sth] vtr (as a member)准许…加入；允许…加入He was admitted into the golf club as a member. admit to [sb] that vtr (confess)向…供认；向…承认；向…招认Jones admitted to the police that he had been involved in the criminal enterprise. admonish [sb] to do [sth] v expr (warn [sb] about doing [sth])警告；告诫The judge admonished the witness to tell the truth. advise [sb] to do [sth] v expr (counsel [sb] to do)建议某人做某事I advised him to eat before the flight.我建议他在上飞机前吃点东西。 affiance [sb] to [sb] vtr archaic (betroth)将...许配给... affiance yourself to [sb] v expr archaic (become engaged to marry)许配给某人；与某人订婚 affix [sth] to [sth] vtr (stick, attach)把…粘到；贴上Remember to affix sufficient postage to your envelope.请谨记在信封上贴上足量的邮资。 afford to do [sth] v expr (have enough money)承担得起…的费用；买得起Now that I'm unemployed I can't afford to go on holiday.我失业了，承担不起度假的费用了。 afford to do [sth] v expr figurative (be able to do)有余力做…备注: "Afford" in this sense usually follows a derivative of "can."The army cannot afford to fight on two fronts at once.部队无力同时两线作战。 afford to do [sth] v expr figurative (risk)担负得起做某事带来的风险，经受得住做某事带来的后果备注: "Afford" in this sense usually follows a derivative of "can" or "be able to."He can't afford to let her speak badly of him.他担负不起任由她说自己坏话的后果。 affront to [sth/sb] n ([sth] that offends)冒犯Samantha took the remarks as an affront to her family. afraid to do [sth] adj (hesitant)不敢做某事的；害怕做某事的I'm afraid to jump from the bridge into the river.我不敢从这座桥上往水里跳。 aged from [sth] to [sth], aged between [sth] and [sth] adj + prep (in a given age range)年龄范围This program is designed for young people aged from 18 to 25.agree to do [sth] v expr (consent)同意做…；对做…表示同意Olivia's parents agreed to let her go to the party.agree to anything v expr (not be discerning)什么都同意His love is blind; he will agree to anything.agree to disagree, agree to differ v expr (accept different opinion)容许有不同意见；接受分歧的存在If you can't see things my way we will just have to agree to disagree because I won't change my mind either.agreeable to [sth] adj + prep (person: willing)愿意…的；同意…的The police officers found the suspect agreeable to questioning.警方发现嫌疑人愿意接受审讯。agreeable to [sth] adj + prep ([sth]: suitable)适合…的；合适…的The doctor hired someone agreeable to the job of receptionist.医生雇用了一位适合接待员这份工作的人。aim to do [sth] v expr figurative (intend, aspire)意图做，打算做，想要做When I play, I aim to win.我玩就是想要赢。air-to-air adj (weapon: between aircraft)空对空的air-to-ground adj (weapon: fired by aircraft at land)空对地的air-to-surface adj (weapon: aircraft to land, sea) (此处地既包括陆地，也包括海面。)空对地的akin to [sth] adj + prep (like, similar to)类似Jamie's taste in music is akin to mine.杰米的音乐品味和我类似。akin to doing [sth] adj (comparable to doing [sth])与做...相似；就像…一样Wearing these new shoes is akin to walking on a cloud.穿这些新鞋就像在云上行走一样。alarm bells start to ring, warning bells start to sound expr figurative, informal (you have misgivings about [sth])感觉不对劲； (比喻)心里拉警报alert [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (make aware)警告某人注意某事；提醒某人注意某事Milo's boss alerted him to the change in policy.米洛的老板提醒他注意政策变化。alien to [sb/sth] adj + prep (strange, unfamiliar)陌生的These ideas are alien to our way of thinking.这些理念对我们的思维方式来说很陌生。alive to adj + prep (sensitive to, aware of)意识到；察觉到A dog's senses are alive to things we humans don't even notice.狗能察觉到那些我们人类难以注意到的事物。all the way to adv + prep (during the entire journey to)在…的整个行程中；自始自终；一直We had to listen to him snore all the way from New York to Rome.all the way to adv + prep (the full distance to)到…的一路上；整个一路中He sang and danced all the way to school.all the way to adv + prep (emphatic: a long way)不远万里（来到）；千里迢迢（来到）You want me to carry this all the way back to the house?all to yourself adv (for [sb]'s sole use)独享；独占Cheri had the train compartment all to herself.allergic to [sth] adj + prep (person: having an allergy)对...过敏He is allergic to strawberries.allergic to [sth] adj + prep figurative (person: showing disinclination)对...反感Scott is allergic to work; the moment any effort is required, he disappears.allocate [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (distribute to, share among)为...分配；为...调拨The government allocates resources to those who prove they are in need.政府会被那些能证明自己有需要的人发放资源。allocate [sth] to [sth/sb] vtr + prep (devote: funds to [sth])把...拨给；把...划给The committee will allocate funds to the charity project.委员会将把资金拨给慈善项目。allow [sb], allow [sb] to do [sth] vtr (let: [sb])同意；允许；许可Will your parents allow you to go to the dance?你爸妈让你去舞会吗？usage: ‘allow’ and ‘permit’Allow and permit are followed by an object and a to-infinitive clause.He allowed me to take the course.They do not permit students to use calculators in exams.You can say that people are not allowed to do something or are not permitted to do something.Visitors are not allowed to take photographs in the museum.Children are not permitted to use the swimming pool.You can also say that something is not allowed or that it is not permitted.Running was not allowed in the school.Picnics are not permitted in the park.allow [sth], allow [sth] to do [sth] vtr (enable by neglect) (因疏忽)任凭；听任By not applying the handbrake, he allowed the car to roll down the hill.allow [sb/sth] to do [sth] v expr (make possible to do)使…能够做The new tramline will allow residents of this neighbourhood to reach the city centre in just ten minutes.新铺设的电车轨道将使这个社区的住户能够在十分钟内到达市中心。allow me to do [sth] interj (offer)允许我Miss, allow me to open the door.almost come to blows v expr (argue) (指激烈争吵)差点打起来，几乎动起手来alternative to [sth] n (only other choice)唯一的替代方案；唯一的其他选择In this case, the alternative to fighting is dying.在这种情况下，除了战斗，唯一的选择就是牺牲了。Ambassador to the United Nations n (international diplomat)驻联合国大使The agressive stance shown during his term as Ambassador to the United Nations hurt his country.amenability (to (doing) [sth]) n (willingness)服从amenable to doing [sth] expr (willing to do)乐意做某事的；愿意做某事的Ben is amenable to changing the date of the party.本很乐意改变聚会的日期。amenable to [sth] adj + prep (open to)乐意的；愿意的My boss is always amenable to my suggestions.老板总是很乐意听取我的建议。amenable to [sth] adj + prep (liable to be called to account)有义务服从…的；有责任遵守…的All of the residents of the state are amenable to its laws.该州所有居民都义务服从州立法律。amount to [sth] vi + prep (total)合计，总计The bill might amount to more than you can afford.总账单可能会高到你负担不起的程度。amount to [sth] vi + prep figurative (be the same as)等于；相当于Slander or libel, it amounts to the same thing.不论是口头的还是书面的诽谤，都是一回事。amount to [sth] vi + prep figurative (become)成就，达到…的价值He was told he would never amount to much.他被告知自己永远也不会有什么出息。an analog of [sth], an analog to [sth] (US), an analogue of [sth], an analogue to [sth] (UK) n ([sth] comparable)与…类似之物，与…相似之物；与…类似的情况analogize [sth] to [sth], also UK: analogise [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (compare)将…与…进行类比analogous to [sth], analogous with [sth] adj + prep (comparable to [sth])可比拟的analogous to [sth] adj + prep (next to another color on color wheel) (颜色)相邻的Yellow is analogous to yellow-orange on the color wheel.be anathema to [sb] v expr (be considered abhorrent)对…十分讨厌的The newly proposed law is anathema to most small business owners.ancillary to [sth] adj + prep (supplemental to [sth])从属于...的；附属于...的Classroom assistants are ancillary to the teaching staff.助教从属于教职员工。ancillary to [sth] adj + prep (subordinate to [sth])隶属于…的；是...的下属These services are ancillary to the company's main business.这些服务是隶属于公司主营业务的。answer to [sb] vi + prep (justify actions) (一般指就事)向...做出解释；向...承担责任You will have to answer to both the teacher and the principal for cheating in the exam.answer to [sb] vi + prep (be subordinate to [sb])听命于；效令于Being independently wealthy, he answered to nobody.answer to [sth] vi + prep (respond to a name)以...回答His name is Timothy but he answers to Timmy.answer to [sth] vi + prep (try to satisfy a need)满足For many teenagers, the youth club answers to a need for a feeling of community.answer to a problem n (solution)问题的答案The answer to the problem may be quite simple.answerable to [sb] adj + prep (has to report to [sb]) (对职位更高者)对…负责She believes she is answerable to God and not to any human authority.anticipate [sth] to do [sth] v expr (expect)预期；预料；预计The doctor anticipated the results of the blood work to arrive on Tuesday, but they were delayed.医生预计血液检查的结果将在周二拿到，但最后却推迟了。antidote to [sth] n figurative (remedy, cure)补救方式，矫正方法The boys' mother suggested they go for a walk as an antidote to the hours they had spent playing computer games.那些孩子的母亲建议他们出门走走，作为玩游戏几小时后的调节方式。be anxious to do [sth] v expr (be eager)渴望做某事，急迫地想做某事The avid fans were anxious to meet their favorite author.狂热的粉丝们急迫地想见到他们最喜欢的作家。apologize to [sb], also UK: apologise to [sb] vi + prep (say sorry to [sb]) (人)向…道歉；向…说对不起I apologized to Brenda for the incident and she forgave me.我就那场意外向布兰达道歉，然后她原谅了我。apologise to [sb] for [sth], also UK: apologise to [sb] for [sth] v expr (say sorry to [sb] for [sth])为了某事向某人道歉You ought to apologize to Stephen for the way you treated him yesterday.你应该为自己昨天对待史蒂夫的方式向他道歉。apologise to [sb] for doing [sth], also UK: apologise to [sb] for doing [sth] v expr (say sorry to [sb] for doing [sth])因为做…向…道歉Jane apologized to me for calling me a liar.简因为叫我谎话精而向我道歉。appeal to [sb] vi + prep (be attractive)吸引…的兴趣；引起…的兴趣It is the film's intense love story that appeals to teenage girls.吸引青春期少女兴趣的是电影中炽热的爱情故事。appeal to [sb] for [sth] v expr (ask for help)为某事向某人求助The state governors appealed to the President for help in stopping the riots.为平息暴乱，州政府向总统寻求帮助。appeal to [sb] to do [sth] v expr (ask)呼吁某人做某事；请求某人做某事The Senator appealed to his fellow legislators to vote for more aid to the poor.参议员呼吁其他议员投票，同意为穷人提供更多帮助。appeal to [sb] vi + prep (ask)求助于某人；向某人求助； (人)请求William appealed to his father in the hope that he would provide him with a loan.威廉向父亲求助，希望父亲能贷款给他。appear to be [sth] v expr (seem, look)看起来像；似乎；表面上看Ken appears to be very dedicated to his family.肯似乎对家庭很有奉献精神。appear to do [sth] v expr (seem to do)看起来像；似乎Jenny appears to know what she's doing.珍妮似乎知道她在做什么。appear to be doing [sth] v expr ([sth]: seem)看起来正在The rain appears to be easing off.雨看起来要停了。appear to have done [sth] v expr (person: seem) (人)看起来已经I appear to have lost my umbrella.看起来我是把伞搞丢了。append [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (attach to [sth] else)附加The attorney appended two additional exhibits to the pleadings.律师在诉状中又附加了两份证据。appertain to [sth] vi + prep (relate, belong)和…有关；属于apples-to-apples expr figurative (comparison: between equivalent things)同类比较；类比applicable to [sth/sb] adj + prep (relevant)可应用的, 适用的The requirements are applicable to everyone, no matter their age or sex.不管年龄或性别，本规定适用于所有人。applique [sth] on [sth], applique [sth] to [sth], appliqué [sth] on [sth], appliqué [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep from French (decorative patch: sew on to [sth])缝饰apply [sth] to [sth/sb] vtr (spread [sth] on [sth/sb])将...涂抹在...上；往...上搽...Apply the moisturizer liberally to your face and neck.请将保湿液大量地涂抹在你的面部和颈部。apply [sth] to [sth] vtr (put [sth] to use)将…运用到；将…应用于She was able to apply her skills to the new project.她能够将她的技术运用到这个新项目上。apply to [sb/sth] vi + prep (be relevant to [sb], [sth])适用于；适合The guidelines do not apply to this case.这个指导方针并不适用于这个案子。apply to [sth] vi + prep (send a request)申请Cathy applied to three universities but none of them accepted her.凯茜申请了三所大学，不过没有一所录取她。usage: request formallyIf you apply to have something or apply for something, you write asking formally to be allowed to have it or do it.I've applied for another job.Sally and Jack applied to adopt another child.apply [sth] to [sth] vtr (put to use)把…运用在；把…应用于Gordon applied his mechanical skills to building and flying aircraft.戈登将自己的机械技艺运用在飞机的制造与驾驶上。apply to [sth] vi + prep (submit job application)求职；向…申请工作My brother applied to Microsoft and they offered him a job.我哥哥向微软申请工作，然后成功了。apply pressure to [sth] vtr + n (press firmly on [sth])按压...Applying pressure to the cut will stop the bleeding.apply pressure to [sb] vtr + n figurative (try to persuade)施加压力What the army calls "applying pressure to prisoners" other people might call "torture".apply yourself to [sth] vtr + refl (make an effort, work hard)全力以赴；专心致志I am really going to apply myself to my studies.appoint [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (give a role, job)任命...为；将...委任给The Queen appoints members to the House of Lords.女皇将各成员任命为上议院议员。apportion [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (responsibility, etc.: assign to)分派The president apportioned the open cabinet seats to his closest colleagues.apprentice [sb] to [sth/sb] vtr + prep (place with employer)让...当学徒Several boys in the family were apprenticed to the factory.家里让几个儿子都去工厂当学徒。appropriate to [sth] adj + prep (befitting)与…相一致的；和…相称的The General reacted as is appropriate to a man of his rank.这名将军的反应与他自己的军衔相称。apt to adj (likely to, liable to)倾向于…的；可能…的Old Mrs. Merkel is apt to forget where she put her keys.Are you ready to order? expr (question to restaurant customer)准备点餐了吗？，可以点菜了吗？be armed to the teeth v expr figurative (have many weapons)武装到了牙齿；全副武装Switzerland is a neutral nation, but is also armed to the teeth to preserve its neutrality.be armed to the teeth with [sth] v expr figurative (be equipped with [sth])用...全副武装arrange to do [sth] v expr (schedule)安排做某事，计划做某事I haven't seen you in a very long time. We should arrange to do something.我已经很久没有见到你了。我们应该安排一下。arrange for [sb] to do [sth] v expr (make preparations)安排某人做某事They arranged for a babysitter to take care of the children.他们安排了一位保姆来照顾孩子。usage: ‘arrange’Don't use a that-clause after manage. Don't say, for example, that you ‘manage that something is done’. Say that you arrange for something to be done.He had arranged for me to be met at the airport.Don't say that you ‘manage that someone does something’. Say that you arrange for someone to do something.I had arranged for a photographer to take pictures of the team.be arsed to do [sth] v expr UK, vulgar, slang (willing to make effort)愿意做…；乐意做…备注: Used in the negative, in questions, or when there is doubt.The story's quite good so far, but I don't think I can be arsed to read the whole thing.as an alternative to [sth] prep (instead of)作为…的替代；代替Soy milk can be used as an alternative to cows' milk for some recipes.as if to say adv (in a way that suggests [sth])好像说；好像在说He nodded at her as if to say goodbye.as it ought to be adj (correct, proper)像…本来应该的一样She completed her inspection and found that everything was as it ought to be.她完成了检查，发现所有东西都保持原本的模样。as it ought to be adv (in an ideal state)按照…本来理想的状态；按照…本来应该成为的样子Her speech gave us a vision of the world as it ought to be.as opposed to conj (in contrast to)而非；而不是；不要I prefer old houses as opposed to new ones.我喜欢老房子，不喜欢新房子。as to prep formal (with reference to, regarding) (正式用语)至于，关于As to your request, I'm afraid I have to say no.至于你的请求，恐怕我得回绝它。ascribable to [sb/sth] adj (can be credited to)归因于ascribe [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (attribute [sth] to [sb])归因于，认为是由于；把…归属于，认为是…所写How can you ascribe such motives to me without any evidence?你怎么能在没有证据情况下就说我有这样的动机？Ashes to ashes, dust to dust expr (After death, we become dust.) (指死亡)尘归尘，土归土备注: Line from Christian burial service.ask [sb] to do [sth] v expr (request that [sb] do [sth])请求某人做某事My sister asked me to pass the salt.我妹妹请我把盐递过去。aspire to [sth] vi + prep (strive for [sth])为…努力；渴望实现Any writer who aspires to greatness should study the classics.任何追求卓越的作者应学习古典文学。aspire to do [sth] v expr (aim to do [sth])热望；渴望I aspire to master at least one foreign language.我渴望掌握至少一门外语。assent to [sth] vi + prep (consent, agree to [sth])同意...Lucy assented to the plan but later changed her mind.assent to do [sth] v expr (consent, agree to do [sth])同意；赞成She said that she had never assented to marry the man.她说她从来没有答应嫁给那个男人。assign [sth] to [sb] vtr (task: give to [sb])把…分配给；指派…负责The manager assigned the task of interviewing job candidates to her assistant.经理将面试求职者的任务分配给了助理。assign [sb] to do [sth] v expr (charge with a task)分配；指派；选派（某人做某事）They assigned Cheri to bake cookies for the luncheon.他们指派谢利为午宴烤饼干。assign [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (allocate to [sb])将…指派给…负责；将…分配给…做City council has assigned resources to five new charity groups this year.市议会今年已将资源分配给了五个新的慈善团体。assign [sth] to [sb] vtr (law: transfer) (法律)把...转让给，把...让渡给assign [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (allocate [sth] to [sth])将…分配到；将…分派到Theodore assigned numbers to the items on the list based on the order of importance.西奥多根据重要性顺序，为列表上的项目分配了号码。assign a task to [sb] v expr (allocate a job)分派工作；指派任务Because she was a new employee, I assigned a task to her that was not difficult.at a tangent to [sth] expr (line: touching a curve)与...呈切线at liberty to do [sth] adj (unconstrained)不受限制的；不受支配的；自由的The police were not at liberty to discuss details of the case with the press.attach [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep (connect to)把...系在...上，把...拴在...上，给…系上The children attached hooks to the ornaments before placing them on the Christmas tree.孩子们给饰品系上挂钩后，把它们挂到圣诞树上。attach [sth] to [sth/sb] vtr + prep (fasten)把...紧紧绑在...上；把...固定在...在Jamie attached a note for her son's teacher to his sleeve so he would not forget.杰米把给儿子老师的字条绑在了儿子的袖口，这样他就不会忘了。attach [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (append, enclose)把...附带进...里；随...附上The hacker had attached a computer virus to the email.黑客将电脑病毒附带进这封邮件里。attach to [sth] vi + prep (be fastened)系上；挂上；缚上A carabiner attaches to your belt or bag strap so that you can easily carry keys, a water bottle or other equipment.你可以在腰带或者背包带上挂一个铁钩，方便携带钥匙、水壶或其他装备。attach yourself to [sb/sth] v expr figurative (individual, group: follow around)依恋，依赖；缠着...不放Dave attached himself to our group in the first week of college, but none of us really like him.大学第一周，大卫一直缠着我们的小组，但我们中没有人喜欢他。attach yourself to [sth] v expr (be associated with)参加，参与；加入；成为...的一份子Will attached himself to the new business venture.威尔自己也参加了这场全新的商业冒险。attach [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep often passive (military: assign) (军事)将…调配到， 将…配属给The sergeant attached Rick to a special ops unit.队长将里克调配到一支特别行动组。attach [sth] to [sth] vtr figurative (ascribe)把...归于；把...归属于The appraiser attached a value of $5,000 to the old grandfather clock.鉴定师对那座老式的落地钟的估价为5000美元。attach importance to [sth] v expr (consider [sth] significant)重视；认为…很重要I refuse to attach importance to his lying testimony.attached to [sb/sth] adj + prep figurative (fond of)喜欢…的My daughter is very attached to her stuffed bear.我女儿很喜欢她的毛绒熊。attached to [sth] adj + prep military (military: assigned to a unit) (军事)归属的，附属的，隶属于的The sergeant is an advisor, attached to a foreign military unit.attain to [sth] vi + prep literary (achieve) (书面用语)完成；达成Few empires, before or since, have attained to such power as this one.纵观古今，很少有其他帝国能像它一样势力鼎盛。attempt [sth], attempt to do [sth] vtr (try)试着；尝试；努力I will attempt to talk to him on Monday.我会在周一试着跟他谈谈。usage: ‘attempt’ used as a verbIf you attempt to do something, you try to do it. Attempt is a more formal word than try.Some of the crowd attempted to break through the police lines.Rescue workers attempted to cut him from the crashed vehicle.Be carefulYou don't say ‘The crowd attempted and break through or `The crowd attempted breaking through’.attend to [sth] vi + prep (take care of) (对事)料理，处理Please excuse me while I attend to a business matter.attend to [sb] vi + prep (help)接待…；帮助…The doctor will attend to you shortly.attend to [sth] vi + prep formal (pay attention to) (对事)关注，留意，注意The students were told to attend to his instructions very closely as he carried out the experiment.attend to [sb] vi + prep (serve, wait upon)服侍；招待The guest was told that the waiter would attend to him.attention to detail n (noticing of details)关注细节；一丝不苟One of the key differences between good service and top-notch service is in attention to detail.The artist's attention to detail made her paintings completely realistic.attentive to [sth/sb] adj + prep (courteous, considerate)对…体贴周到的；对…态度殷勤的The staff at the hotel are quite attentive to guests' needs and desires.酒店的工作人员对客人的需求和愿望非常体贴周到。attest to [sth] vi + prep (testify to)为...作证；证明...是真的I can attest to the truth of that statement.be attracted to [sth] v expr (interested by: an idea, etc.) (想法、观念等)被...吸引；对…非常感兴趣I am attracted to medieval European history; I find it absolutely fascinating.我认为欧洲中世纪史非常引人入胜，让我非常感兴趣。be attracted to [sb] v expr (sexually drawn to: [sb])对某人有好感； (人)喜欢I'm attracted to him, but he does not even know my name.我喜欢他，但他连我的名字都不清楚。be attracted to [sth] v expr (physics: drawn to: [sth]) (物理)被吸引的The positive and negative points of magnets are always attracted to each other.磁铁的正负两极总是相互吸引。attributable to [sth/sb] adj + prep (can be ascribed to)由…引起Philip's disruptive behavior is attributable to his parents' divorce.attribute [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (ascribe)把…归因于To what do you attribute your early success as a singer?你把自己歌手生涯的成功归因于什么？attributed to [sth] adj + prep (ascribed)归因于；被认为是；由…引起的The higher gas prices can be attributed to a greater demand for oil.attributed to [sb] adj + prep (credited)归功于...The discovery of microbes is often attributed to Antony van Leeuwenhoek.attune [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep often passive (make receptive to [sth])习惯于…The politician is known for being attuned to the desires of the people.attune [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep often passive (acclimatize [sb] to [sth])使…适应The program is designed to attune teachers to new teaching methods.attuned to [sth] adj + prep (sensitive to, aware of [sth])对...敏感Babies are attuned to their mothers' voices.attuned to [sth] adj + prep (acclimatized to [sth])对...适应Mary is not yet attuned to the more formal work environment.authorize [sb] to do [sth], also UK: authorise [sb] to do [sth] v expr (permit officially to do)授权…做…Marla authorized her assistant to file the papers with the city.averse to [sth] adj + prep (opposed to)反对的If you're not averse to waiting, I'll be finished soon.如果你不介意等一下的话，我会很快结束。awake to [sth] adj + prep figurative (alert)对...保持警惕Parents of children and teenagers should be awake to the dangers of social media.小孩的父母以及青少年应该对社交媒体的危害保持警惕。awake to [sth] vi + prep (become aware of)意识到，察觉到Ian awoke to feelings he didn't know he had.伊恩意识到一些自己以前都不曾察觉的感觉。award [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (give a prize to [sb])给予…某种奖励，授予…某项奖励They awarded the Oscar for Best Picture to "12 Years a Slave".他们将奥斯卡最佳影片奖授予了《为奴十二年》。award [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (grant, give [sth] to [sb])给予，给The government awarded the contract to the small company.政府把合同给了那家小公司。back to back adv (with backs together)背靠背Stand back to back so I can see who is taller.来背靠背站好，这样我才能看看谁更高。back to back, back-to-back adj figurative (consecutive)连续不断的；一个接一个的备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the noun.The team was able to win back-to-back games for the first time in a month.这是该队一月中第一次取得背靠背比赛的胜利。back to front adv (clothing: wrong way around) (衣服)倒穿；正反颠倒back to front adv figurative (completely, thoroughly)完全地；彻底地I've read this book so many times that I know it back to front.back to normal adv (reverting to usual state)恢复正常In television, at the end of an episode usually everything goes back to normal.back to school expr (return to school after vacation)返校季The sign above the supermarket shelf laden with books and stationery read "Back to school".back-to-school adj (relating to return to school)返校的备注: Hyphens are used when the term is an adjective.We like to buy our children's clothes at back-to-school sales, when the prices are low.back to the drawing board adv figurative, informal (starting over) (失败后)重头来过，重起炉灶back-to-back adj UK (houses: terraced)连排式的；紧邻的bad to the bone expr figurative (thorougly evil by nature)坏到骨子里；坏透了badger [sb] into doing [sth], badger [sb] to do [sth] v expr (pester to do [sth])缠着...做...；纠缠...做...My children badgered me into taking them to the playground.孩子们缠着要我带他们去游乐场。bang to rights, dead to rights expr UK, slang (caught, busted)当场抓住；被当场逮住barrier to [sth] n figurative (obstruction: to progress, etc.) (比喻)障碍The manager's disapproval is a real barrier to the plan.经理的反对是该计划真正的障碍。be a stumbling block to [sth] v expr figurative (hinder progress)成为绊脚石The issue proved to be a stumbling block during the peace talks.be accustomed to [sth] v expr (be familiar with [sth])习惯于I grew up in India, so I am accustomed to spicy food.be accustomed to doing [sth] v expr (be used to doing [sth])习惯于；对...习以为常be adhered to vi (not be deviated from)遵守，遵循These rules and regulations must be adhered to at all times, or you will face discharge.be allowed to do [sth] v expr (have permission to)被允许；可以If you do not have your passport, you will not be allowed to enter the country. Once they had finished their exams, the students were allowed to leave.如果你没有带护照，你将无法进入该国。学生完成考试后可离去。be cruel to be kind v expr (act harshly in order to help [sb])忠言逆耳；良药苦口Sometimes you have to be cruel to be kind when teaching children how to behave properly.be equivalent to [sth] v expr (be the same as)等同于；相当于What you just did is equivalent to stealing.be equivalent to [sth] v expr (equal, equate to)等于A litre is equivalent to 0.264 US gallons.be espoused to [sb] v expr literary, archaic (marry [sb])嫁给；许配给be faithful to [sb] v expr (not cheat sexually on)对（配偶等）忠诚I will only stay with my boyfriend if he is faithful to me.be faithful to [sth] v expr (adhere closely to)忠实于Try to be faithful to your principles.be led to do [sth] v expr (be prompted)引向We were led to believe that the chemical was not dangerous, but it turned out to be highly toxic.be like talking to a brick wall v expr figurative, informal (not be listened to)对牛弹琴Talking to Esther is like talking to a brick wall; neither one will listen!be music to [sb]'s ears, be music to the ears of [sb] v expr figurative (be welcome news)好消息；佳音be of a mind to do [sth] v expr (be disposed to do [sth])有做某事的想法；有意做某事be out to do [sth] v expr informal (aim, be determined to)设法做某事；试图做某事The candidate is out to make her opponent look weak and unreliable.be out to [sth] v expr (cricket: lose wicket) (板球)出局John was out to a fast ball from the bowler.be out to get [sb] v expr informal (want revenge)找…的麻烦；报复某人She has been out to get me ever since she learned that I was dating her ex-boyfriend.be said to be [sth] vtr (be described as)据说是…It´s said to be a very good restaurant.be set to do [sth] v expr (be ready to: do [sth])准备好做We were all set to leave, but Ann made us wait while she looked for her cell phone.be similar to v expr (resemble, be like)与…类似This painting is very similar to one painted by Titian.这幅画作与提香所画的一幅画很像。be subject to change vi (be liable to vary)随时发生变化The marriage laws are subject to change.be taken to court v expr (be prosecuted)被告上法庭，被起诉I'm being taken to court by my next-door neighbor.be to do [sth] v expr (be supposed to do [sth])应该Students, you're to arrive at 8:00 so that we can take a group photo.同学们，你们应该8:00集合照集体照。be to [sb]'s advantage, be to the advantage of [sb] v expr (benefit [sb])让…得益；对…好处I know you're not a natural linguist, but learning French would be to your advantage, given that we live in France.be true to yourself v expr (live by own values)对自己坦诚；忠于自己To be true to oneself you must act in accordance with who you are and what you believe.be used to [sth/sb] v expr (familiar with) (事物)习惯于, 对…习以为常； (人)对…很熟悉, 习惯了Jen is used to noise; she has six children.珍习惯了吵吵闹闹，因为她有六个孩子。be used to doing [sth] v expr (accustomed to doing)习惯于做某事I'm used to skipping lunch because I'm always so busy.因为我总是很忙，所以我习惯不吃午饭。be willing to do [sth] vtr (agree freely to)自愿去…；愿意…I'm willing to finish the report myself, but you'll have to give me more time.我愿意自主完成那份报告，不过你得多给我些时间。be wont to do, be wont to do [sth] v expr formal (be in the habit of doing)习惯于做某事bear a resemblance to [sb] v expr (look like)相似；看起来很像备注: Often used with an adjective, such as "striking", "strong", "uncanny", etc.He bears a striking resemblance to his sister.bear no resemblance to [sth/sb] v expr (be totally unlike)与…完全不像The boy bears no resemblance to his father or his other brother.bear testament to [sth], be testament to [sth] v expr (confirm, be evidence of [sth])证明；是…的明证The examination results bear testament to everyone's hard work.bear witness to [sth] vtr + n (testify)作证；证明beat [sb] to [sth] vtr (arrive before)领先…到达；比…先到达Thompson beat the other runners to the finish line.汤普森比其他赛跑选手先到达终点。beat a path to [sb]'s door v expr figurative (be keen to meet with [sb])争先恐后地登门拜访If you have a good idea, investors will beat a path to your door.beat [sb] to a pulp v expr figurative (give [sb] a severe physical beating)把...打得半死；将...痛打一顿beat [sb/sth] to death v expr (cause death by hitting repeatedly)殴打致死；打死The thieves beat the man to death in order to steal his wallet.beat [sb] to it v expr informal (do [sth] before [sb] else)抢在...前面；抢先...一步I was about to give the answer but she beat me to it.beat [sb] to the draw v expr figurative (be faster than [sb])比...更快；抢在...前面beckon to [sb] vi + prep (call, gesture to come)招呼；招手示意Matilda tried to beckon to her husband, who was standing on the other side of the room.玛蒂尔达试着招呼在房间另一边的丈夫。beckon [sb] to do [sth] v expr (call, summon to do)示意；召唤The king beckoned his servant to bring him a drink.国王召唤他的仆人去为他拿喝的。become accustomed to [sth] v expr (become familiar with [sth])习惯于；适应become accustomed to doing [sth] v expr (become used to doing [sth])习惯于做某事；适应做某事become attached to [sb/sth] v expr figurative (grow fond of)依恋；恋慕At first I didn't like him, but I've since become really attached to that dog.beg [sb] to do [sth] v expr (plead with [sb] to do [sth])恳求某人做某事She begged her parents to buy her the toy.她求父母给她买那个玩具。beg to differ v expr (politely disagree)恕不同意You may think that poor people bring their problems on themselves, but I beg to differ.begin to do [sth] vi + prep (start: to do)开始做The water began to boil in the pan.锅里的水沸了。be beholden to [sb] v expr (be morally obligated to)欠…的人情I won't accept the gift because I don't want to be beholden to her.behoove [sb] to do [sth] (US), behove [sb] to do [sth] (UK) v expr (be right or necessary)对…有必要做；理应做…It behooves me to acknowledge the debt I owe to my precedessor in this role.bemused as to expr (confused about)对...困惑备注: Followed by why, how, etc.I'm bemused as to why you invited Chris to the party; I thought you hated him.bend [sth] to [sth], bend [sth] toward [sth] vtr + prep (direct, turn)使…转向Alfie bent the lamp towards his book.阿尔菲将台灯转向他书本的方向。bend to [sth] vi + prep figurative (submit to)屈服于；投降于The warriors bent to the superior power of the outlaws that surrounded them.道高一尺，魔高一丈。战士们被强大的匪徒包围，被迫屈服了。bend [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep figurative (cause to submit, manipulate)使…屈从于…The king vowed to bend the rebel army to his will.国王发誓要使反叛军屈从于他的意志。bend over backward to do [sth] (US), bend over backwards to do [sth] (UK) v expr figurative (make every effort)尽力做某事Linda bent over backwards to please her boss.bequeath [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (property: leave to [sb] in will)把...遗赠给The old lady surprised everyone by bequeathing all her worldly goods to her cat.bequeath [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep figurative (hand down) (后代)将…传给My mother bequeathed her jewelry to me and my sisters.我母亲将她的首饰传给我和我姐妹。beseech [sb] to do [sth] v expr literary (beg with [sb] to do) (文学)向...祈求The thief beseeched the king to spare him execution.best able to do [sth] expr (most capable of)在…方面最出色；在…方面最能干The promotion should go to the one best able to handle the responsibility.betroth [sb] to [sb] vtr + prep dated (promise in marriage)将…许配给…；把…许配给…The King betrothed his daughter to the crown prince of a neighbouring country.betrothed to [sb] adj + prep formal, literary (engaged to)与某人订婚Mary was betrothed to Robert but still loved Thomas.bid for [sth], bid to do [sth] vi + prep (offer services)为…喊价；为…出价；为…竞标Three construction companies are bidding for the prestigious contract.三家建筑公司都在为名声显赫的合约竞标。bid [sb] (to) do [sth] vtr formal, dated (direct, command)要求；命令When your mother bids you tidy your room, do so.bid [sb] farewell, bid farewell to [sb] v expr (say goodbye)告别；辞别Edward's friends bade him farewell as he set out on his journey.bid [sth] farewell, bid farewell to [sth] v expr figurative (leave: a place)离开；告别In 1860, my great-grandfather bid farewell to his native Poland and emigrated to South Africa.bid [sth] farewell, bid farewell to [sth] v expr figurative (lose)失去；丧失With that defeat, the team bade farewell to their chances of winning the event.bid [sb/sth] good riddance, bid good riddance to [sb/sth] v expr (get rid of [sb], [sth] undesirable)摆脱...是对的；让...走太好了bind to [sth] vi + prep (stick to)粘在...上；与…和在一起In this recipe, the eggs bind to the flour.这份菜谱中写到，鸡蛋要跟面粉和在一起。bleed to death v expr (die of blood loss)流血而死；因失血过多致死blind to [sth] adj + prep figurative (oblivious to [sth])对…注意不到，对…视而不见Mina loves Graham so much, she is blind to his faults.米娜非常喜欢格雷厄姆，对他的缺点视而不见。blind to [sth] adj + prep figurative (refusing to recognize [sth])对…视而不见Ecologists say we can no longer remain blind to the damage we are doing to our planet.生态学家指出，对于我们人类正在对地球母亲所造成的破坏，我们不能再继续视而不见了。blinker [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep figurative (make narrow-minded about)蒙蔽Ben's privileged upbringing has blinkered him to the poverty that many people face.bolt [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (attach [sth] with a bolt)用螺栓把...和...固定在一起Ray bolted the shelves securely to the wall.bore [sb] to tears, bore [sb] to death v expr figurative, informal (make very bored)对...厌烦透了；厌烦到极点bored to death adj figurative, informal (be weary from lack of stimulation)闷得要死；无聊得要命Sitting in class, he was bored to death with the teacher's lecture. You looked bored to death during that play!他坐在教室里听老师上课，觉得无聊得要命。那场演出期间你看起来无聊得要命。bored to tears adj figurative, informal (weary of [sth]) (非正式用语，比喻)百般无聊，无聊透顶I was bored to tears by the documentary on fishing, and couldn't wait for it to end.be born to [sb] v expr formal, literary (come from a family) (正式书面语)生于；出生在The lady was born to a mother and father of modest means.born to [sth], born to do [sth] adj (having natural talent for [sth])生来注定，天生要She was born to sing.bother to do [sth] v expr (make an effort)费心；费力；麻烦He didn't bother to answer the email.他甚至懒得费心去回复那封电子邮件。bothered to do [sth] adj informal (willing to make effort)愿意努力做；愿意费心做I'm trying to decide whether I can be bothered to get up today.我在考虑要有没有必要努力起床。bound to [sth/sb] adj + prep figurative (legally obligated) (法律)受约束于，受…约束Judges are bound to the law.法官们受法律约束。bound to do [sth] adj figurative (more than likely to do [sth])肯定会；必然会You left your wallet on the table; someone was bound to steal it.你把钱包落在了桌上，肯定有人会去偷它。bound to do [sth] prep informal (likely or certain to)一定会，肯定会That boy is so reckless, he's bound to end up in jail.The vase that was balanced on the edge of the table fell off, which was bound to happen.那个男孩行事太过鲁莽，最后一定会进监狱的。// 不出意料，摆在桌子边缘摇摇欲坠的花瓶摔到地上了。bow to [sb] vi + prep (gesture respectfully) (人)向…鞠躬"Your majesty," said the man as he bowed to the Queen.“女王陛下，”那个人向女王鞠躬时说。bow to [sth] vi + prep figurative (yield) (某事)向…屈服；对…让步The director bowed to the parents' demands and retracted his new policy.校长向家长的意志屈服，收回了新政策。bow [sb] to your will v expr (force to obey)让...屈服；使...服从break the news to [sb] v expr (announce [sth] to [sb])向某人宣布消息；告诉某人消息The police officer broke the news to Natasha that her husband had died in a car crash.break your neck to do [sth] v expr figurative (make effort)想尽一切办法We broke our necks to get our candidate elected.bride-to-be n (woman: fiancée)未婚妻I fell in love with my beautiful bride-to-be the moment I first saw her smile.bride-to-be n (engaged woman)准新娘The bride-to-be secretly spent half of her work day making wedding plans.那位准新娘私下里花费了半个工作日的时间做婚礼计划。bring [sb] to do [sth] v expr (persuade [sb])促使；说服；引导Her speech brought us to accept her point of view.bring [sb] back to life v expr (resuscitate)使…苏醒，救活bring [sth] back to life v expr figurative (reintroduce) (想法、项目等)恢复，重新开展，重新引入The idea, once rejected, has been brought back to life by proponents.bring [sth] home to [sb] v expr (with object: make clear)使...清楚地认识到...My car accident really brought home to me the importance of wearing a seat belt.bring home to [sb] that v expr (with clause: make clear)使...清楚地认识到bring [sb] luck, bring luck to [sb] v expr (cause good fortune for [sb])给...带来运气；让...获得好运bring peace to [sth/sb] vtr + n (settle conflict)给...带来和平He is the latest in a long list of people that have tried to bring peace to the Middle East.bring [sth] to a/the boil v expr (heat [sth] to boiling point)把…煮沸bring [sth] to a close v expr (end or complete [sth])完成；结束Everyone at the meeting was tired and cranky, so we brought it to a close.bring [sb] to account, call [sb] to account v expr (force to explain or justify)追究责任；责问bring [sth] to an end vtr (conclude, finish)结束；终结The conference was brought to an end in the late afternoon.bring [sth] to [sb]'s attention, bring [sth] to the attention of [sb] v expr (make [sb] aware of)使...注意；引起注意An employee brought the matter to my attention.bring [sth/sb] to bay v expr (hunted animal, person: corner, trap)使...陷入困境；把...困住bring [sth] to bear on [sth] v expr (apply [sth])施加Ali brought all his strength to bear on the heavy door.bring [sb] to book v expr (call to account)审查；惩罚bring [sth] to completion v expr (complete, finish)结束；终结；完成bring [sth/sb] to fever pitch v expr informal (make frenzied)致使…狂热The crowd were brought to fever pitch when the band walked onto the stage.当乐队上台后，人群变得狂热。bring [sth] to fruition v expr (make a success of, accomplish)实现bring [sb/sth] to heel v expr figurative (subjugate)使...顺从；让...服从bring [sb] to justice v expr (take to court)绳之以法；移送法办Police officers must bring outlaws to justice.bring [sb] to justice v expr (punish)绳之以法；受到法律制裁bring [sth] to life v expr figurative (enliven)给予…以活力The party was boring until the band started playing and brought it to life.bring [sth/sb] to life v expr figurative (make seem real)将...塑造得栩栩如生A good movie adaptation really brings the characters to life.bring [sth/sb] to life v expr often passive (give life)赋予...生命；让...活过来A fairy brought the puppet Pinocchio to life.bring [sth] to light v expr figurative (reveal [sth] secret)揭露；揭发We should bring his outrageous actions to light.bring [sb/sth] to mind v expr (recall)想起；回忆起The smell of bread baking brings to mind the years I spent in boarding school.bring [sb] to task v expr (criticize or reprimand [sb])批评某人；责备某人Breakers of the rule will be brought to task.bring [sth] to the boil v expr (liquid in pan: heat until boiling)使...沸腾；煮沸bring [sb] to his/her/their knees v expr figurative (force into submission)让...屈服；使...屈从bring [sb] up to date v expr (give [sb] the most recent information)告诉...最新消息；给...最新消息Alice brought me up to date with all her news.bring yourself to do [sth] v expr (force yourself to do [sth])强迫自己做某事备注: Usually used in the negativeI can't bring myself to see a film that's that violent.buildup, build-up, buildup to [sth], build-up to [sth] n figurative (gradual approach to an event)造势；造势活动I'll be watching the build-up to the big game on the sports channel.bumper to bumper, bumper-to-bumper adj (traffic: gridlocked, slow)交通拥堵备注: Hyphens are used when the adjective precedes the nounDriving home from work, I was hardly moving because the traffic was bumper to bumper.bumper to bumper adv (traffic: slowly, at gridlock)塞车；一车紧接一车The cars were driving bumper to bumper.burn to death v expr (die by fire)烧死；burn to the ground v expr (be destroyed by fire)把…完全烧毁；把…夷为平地The house burnt to the ground.burn [sth] to the ground v expr (destroy by fire)把...全部烧毁The fire burned the hotel to the ground.be burned to a crisp, also UK: be burnt to a crisp adj (be incinerated, blackened)烧焦；烧过头I forgot the toast and it was burned to a crisp.be burned to a crisp, also UK: be burnt to a crisp adj figurative, informal (be badly sunburned)晒伤After lying on the beach all day, her face was burnt to a crisp.be burned to death, also UK: be burnt to death v expr (be killed by fire)烧死Joan of Arc was burned to death.bus [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (convey by bus)用公交车将…运送到The kids were bussed to the park for the trip.孩子们乘公交车去公园郊游。business to business adv (between organizations)企业对企业备注: hyphens used when term is an adj before a nounbusiness to business, business-to-business adj (between organizations)企业对企业的We don't sell our products to the general public; we only do business-to-business sales.cable [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep dated (send by telegraph)拍电报把...通知给...；给…发电报通知...Brian cabled a message to his mother.布莱恩给母亲发了条电报。calculated to do [sth] prep (intended)旨在；目的是；打算call [sb] to [sth] vtr (summon to religious vocation) (宗教)召唤…担任备注: 指上帝召唤人担任神职God called him to the priesthood.call to [sb] vi + prep (yell to get [sb]'s attention)向…喊Steve called to his wife to come and help him.call a halt to [sth] v expr (order an end to, stop)暂停；停止；制止The machine broke, so the foreman called a halt to the work.call attention to [sth] v expr (point [sth] out)唤起对…的注意call to action n ([sth] that motivates)唤起行动；行动号召The vandalism was a call to action for the townspeople to band together.call to arms n figurative (rallying cry) (比喻)战斗口号，号召call to arms n (battle cry) (本义)战斗号令，武装号召call [sth] to mind v expr (remind)使想起；使记起Your story calls to mind the day I wore my evening gown to a staff meeting.call [sb/sth] to order v expr (request silence)要求…安静call [sth] to order v expr (formally begin session)宣布开会can stand doing [sth], also US: can stand to do [sth] v expr (be able to tolerate)能忍耐；能忍受备注: Often used in negative sentences.If you can stand to wait another 10 minutes, I'll walk you home.I can't stand seeing you so unhappy.如果你能再忍上十分钟，我就走路送你回家。// 看到你如此难过，我无法忍受。can't be arsed to do [sth] v expr UK, vulgar, slang (unwilling to make effort)懒得做某事I've lost the remote control and I can't be arsed to get up and change the channel.can't be bothered to do [sth] adj informal (unwilling to make effort)嫌麻烦而不愿意做care to do [sth] v expr (be inclined)想；倾向于I don't really care to play golf today.我今天真的不想打高尔夫。careful to do [sth], careful about doing [sth] adj (making sure to do [sth])小心做…的；对…很谨慎He is careful about locking the doors before he goes out.出门前，他小心地锁好了门。carry [sb] to [sth] vtr figurative (cause success of)带领…赢得胜利The star player carried the team to victory.carry coals to Newcastle v expr figurative (perform [sth] unnecessary)多此一举；徒劳无功case-harden [sb] to [sth] vtr figurative, often passive (harden emotionally)使...对...冷酷无情cast your mind back to [sth] v expr (recall the past)回想一下；回忆过去cause [sb/sth] to do [sth] vtr (prompt)致使某人做某事The cat ran out into the road, causing Ellen to swerve and crash the car.那只猫闯入机动车道，导致艾伦急转弯撞坏了自己的车。cause [sb] anguish, cause anguish to [sb] vtr + n (torment)使痛苦；使苦恼The thought of her son fighting in a war so far away caused Cindy untold anguish.cause [sb] pain, cause pain to [sb] vtr + n (hurt physically) (身体受伤等)引起疼痛As a nurse, I sometimes had to perform procedures that caused people pain.cause [sb] pain, cause pain to [sb] vtr + n (torment, hurt emotionally) (感情上)使某人痛苦Although I didn't want to cause him pain, I felt that I had no choice but to tell him about his wife's infidelity.caution [sb] to do [sth] vtr + prep (warn)警告；劝…小心The teacher cautioned her students not to talk to strangers.老师警告学生不要跟陌生人说话。cease to do [sth] vi + prep (stop)停止做某事cease to be v expr (die, end)死亡；不复存在Sam's search for spiritual truth began because he couldn't bear the thought that when he died he would simply cease to be.cease to be [sth] v expr (stop being)不再是I'm sorry to tell you that your conversation has ceased to be of interest to me.cease to exist v expr (die, end)死亡；不复存在If polar bears keep dying, then eventually they will cease to exist.cede to [sb] vi + prep (yield to [sb]'s will)服从Wilson cedes too easily to his wife.cede to [sth] vi + prep (give in to [sth])屈服于Evan finally ceded to his boss's demands.certain to do [sth] expr (bound, sure to do)一定会Lisa is certain to pass her exams. She's been studying so hard.丽萨一直以来都认真学习，她一定会通过考试的。to [sb]'s certain knowledge expr ([sb] knows for a fact)据...所知To my certain knowledge, Wellington won the battle of Waterloo.certified to do [sth] expr (person: qualified) (人)有资质做某事的；经过认证可以做某事的Maddy is certified to teach English.chain [sth/sb] to [sth/sb] vtr + prep (connect, link)用链条将…栓在…上When you park your bike, remember to chain it to a bike rack or tree.停放自行车时别忘了用链条将车拴在自行车架或树上。challenge [sb] to do [sth] vtr (demand)要求某人做某事I challenge you to tell the truth!我要求你说实话！challenge [sb], challenge [sb] to [sth] vtr (to a game, etc.) (比赛等)向…挑战Alex challenged me to a game of pool.亚利克斯向我挑战，要和我比赛打台球。be champing at the bit to do [sth], be chafing at the bit to do [sth], also US: chomp v expr figurative (person: be impatient)迫不及待地要做..., 急不可耐地要做...I'm champing at the bit to go on my vacation.change [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (replace)把...换成...Dan changed his profile picture to a photo of a monkey.丹把自己的头像换成了一张猴子的照片。charge [sb] to do [sth] v expr (order)命令I charge you to look after the house properly while I am away.charge [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (debit an amount)把…记在…账上Just charge the bill to my account.账单记我账上就行了。chauffeur [sb] to [sth] vtr (drive: [sb] to a place)为…开车Helen hired a driver to chauffeur her to work.cheek to cheek adv (dance, etc.: very close physically)贴面地；耳鬓厮磨地chilled to the marrow, chilled to the bone, frozen to the marrow adj figurative (feeling very cold)寒冷刺骨I've been out here in the snow for three hours and I'm chilled to the marrow.choose to do [sth] v expr (decide, prefer)决定He chose to become an architect.他决定当一名建筑师。chuffed to bits adj UK, slang (pleased)心满意足的；欣喜若狂的claim, claim to [sth] n (demand)所有权要求，权利要求His claim to the property was rejected.他对该房产提出的所有权要求被拒。claim to do [sth] v expr (achievement: assert)宣称；声称This paint brand claims to cover a larger area than that rival brand.这个油漆品牌宣称自己产品的涂覆面积比竞争对手的产品大。claim to be [sth] v expr (say that one is)声称；宣称；自称You claim to be a musician, but is this the truth? The young man claimed to be her long-lost son.你说自己是音乐家，真的吗？那个年轻人自称是她很久以前走失的儿子。claim to have done [sth] v expr (achievement: assert)宣称做过Weston claimed to have invented a new method for producing copper.韦斯顿宣称自己发明过一种产铜的新方法。cleave to [sth] vi + prep literary (cling, stick to)粘住The toffee was sticky and cleaved to the roof of my mouth.太妃糖很粘，黏在了我的上颚。cleave to [sth] vi + prep literary, figurative (belief: adhere to)坚持Many people still cleave to the idea that behaving honourably is important.cling to [sth/sb] vi + prep (hold tightly)紧紧抓住；紧紧抱住Knowing they would soon have to part, the lovers clung to one another.情人们知道即将彼此分离，紧紧抱住了对方。cling to [sth/sb] vi + prep figurative (to [sth], [sb]: emotionally)依恋；粘人I don't like the way Roger's new girlfriend clings to him.我不喜欢罗杰的新女友粘他的样子。cling to [sth] vi + prep figurative (belief: be faithful)坚持No matter what happens, religious people cling to their beliefs.不管发生什么事情，信教的人都坚持自己的信仰。close to [sth/sb] prep (near to)挨着；靠近The bank is close to the post office.这家银行挨着邮局。close to [sb] adj + prep figurative (intimate with)和…亲近的；与…亲密的Ben has always been close to his sister.本一直都和姐姐很亲近。close to [sth] adj + prep (nearly equal, almost)接近的；几乎相等的You and I are close to the same height.close at hand, close to hand adj (convenient, nearby)附近的In flu season, keep a box of tissues close at hand.流感季，可在身边放一包餐巾纸。close to home expr figurative (affecting [sb] personally)触到痛处，感同身受，引起共鸣I was upset by the film; the issues raised in it were very close to home.close to home expr (locally)家门口，本地地I like to shop close to home to support local businesses.close to the bone adj figurative, informal (uncomfortably close to the truth)露骨的，过于直白的close to the knuckle expr UK, figurative (potentially offensive) (比喻义)赤裸裸的close to your heart, near your heart expr (cherished, important)你所珍爱的；对你非常重要的；你珍视的It's a subject that's close to my heart.close your eyes to [sth] v expr figurative (ignore [sth])无视Most families close their eyes to the fact that they're responsible for their children's failure.closed to [sth/sb] adj + prep (not open physically)对…封闭；对…关闭The road is closed to traffic while it is being repaired.这条道在修路期间禁止通行。closed to [sth/sb] adj + prep (not accessible to)对…不开放Access to the online resources is closed to anyone who has not paid a subscription.在线资源不对未付订阅费的人开放。closed to [sth] adj + prep figurative (not willing to accept)不接受Antonia is closed to the idea.安东尼亚不接受这个想法。club together to do [sth] v expr (share cost)凑钱；共担费用The students clubbed together to buy a present for their teacher.clueless as to [sth] adj informal (not knowing [sth])无知的，什么都不知道的I'm clueless as to what to do next.我对接下去要做什么一无所知。coach [sb] to do [sth] v expr (sports: teach [sb]) (体育运动)训练某人做某事，指导某人做某事Bill coached the boys to pass the ball better.比尔指导男孩们如何更好地传球。coach [sb] to do [sth] v expr (teach, assist)教…做；指导…做The father coached the mother to breathe as she delivered the baby.准爸在准妈分娩时指导她呼吸。coax [sb] to do [sth] v expr (persuade, entice to do)劝说某人做某事，劝服某人做某事；劝诱某人做某事，哄劝某人做某事They coaxed me to join them for the weekend.他们哄劝我和他们一起共度周末。combine to do [sth] v expr (unite to have an effect)协力；通力Poverty and physical disability combined to make life challenging for Wendy.贫穷与残疾协力让温蒂的生活充满挑战。combine to bring about [sth] v expr (cause jointly)共同导致Opposition to the government and anger at the police combined to bring about the riots.对政府的不满，以及对警察的愤怒，导致了暴乱的发生。come back to do [sth] v expr (return in order to do [sth])回来Ava left home at 18, but came back ten years later to care for her mother.艾娃18岁离家，但在十年后她回来照顾她的母亲。come back to bite you v expr figurative, informal (cause problems later)作茧自缚；自食其果come back to haunt you v expr figurative, informal (cause regret later)追悔莫及；后悔莫及；come down to earth v expr figurative (be realistic)回到现实中来He came down to earth with a real bump when he was forced to get his first job.come face to face with v expr literal, figurative (be confronted by, meet [sb], [sth])与…当面对质，与…面对面I knew that at some point, I would have to come face to face with my ex.come home to roost v expr figurative (become a problem)得到报应；恶有恶报The company's financial problems came home to roost and it nearly went bankrupt.come naturally to [sb] v expr (be easy for [sb] to do)对...来说很简单；对...很轻松come near [sth/sb], come near to [sth/sb], come close v expr (get closer)走近，接近，靠近Don't come near me or I'll shoot!come near to [sth], come close to [sth] v expr figurative (nearly experience [sth]) (比喻)差一点就, 几乎就要Lauren came close to death after contracting measles.感染天花后，劳伦差点去世。come near to doing [sth], come close to doing [sth] v expr figurative (nearly do [sth])差一点就...After I lost my job and my son died, I came near to having a breakdown.come to [sb] vi + prep (reach)到达；来到I lost contact with my brother years ago, and the news of his death came to me in a letter from his solicitor.几年前，我和我哥哥失去了联系，他的律师写信告知我他去世的消息。come to [sth] vi + prep figurative (deteriorate) (某种程度，某种地步)糟到Has our relationship really come to this: shouting at one another in the street?我们的关系真的到了这种地步：在街上互相叫嚷？come to [sth] vi + prep (be about, relate to)说到；提到When it comes to the work of Charles Dickens, she is one of the world's leading experts.提到查尔斯·狄更斯的作品，她是世界上这方面一流的专家之一。come to a bitter end v expr (end unpleasantly)落得一个痛苦结局；以不幸告终Their marriage came to a bitter end after he had a series of affairs.come to a conclusion v expr (person: deduce)得出结论The police came to the conclusion that at least three men were involved in the robbery.come to a conclusion v expr (end)结束The story comes to a conclusion when the hero rescues the children.come to a decision v expr (decide)（经过深思熟虑后）做出决定After months of thinking, I've come to a decision on which college to attend.come to a halt v expr (stop suddenly)停止；停下来It's time that this frivolous nonsense comes to a halt.come to a head v expr (become a crisis)到紧急关头come to a point where v expr informal (reach a situation) (非正式用语)到了…的时候I have come to a point in my life where I do not like to party every night.come to a standstill v expr (vehicle, process: stop)停住；停顿；停滞不前We made an emergency landing, and as soon as the aircraft came to a standstill we evacuated through the emergency doors.come to a stop v expr (halt)停住Please wait for the bus to come to a stop before you get off.come to an agreement v expr (decide mutually) (计划等)达成协议，达成一致The two men came to an agreement over the price of the secondhand car.come to an agreement with [sb] v expr (resolve a dispute)与…达成协议It was a long hard battle but we finally came to an agreement with each other.come to an agreement with [sb] v expr (agree to terms)与…达成一致I came to an agreement with my ex-wife that I would watch the kids on the weekends.come to an arrangement v expr (compromise, agree on [sth])谈妥；达成共识come to an end v expr (conclude)结束；终止；完结All good things must come to an end.come to an end v expr (be resolved)解决；完结With some therapy your internal conflict could finally come to an end.come to be v expr (come into existence)成为；产生come to be v expr (arise, happen)产生，出现；发生How did it come to be that British and American English spell 'colour' differently?come to blows v expr (fight)打起来；互殴Before the evening was over her fiancé and her ex-lover had come to blows.come to fruition v expr (be attained, succeed)取得成果I'm afraid our plans will never come to fruition.come to grief v expr (end in misfortune)遭受劫难；倒霉come to grips with [sth], get to grips with [sth] v expr informal, figurative (understand)了解；明白；懂得One must read a work of philosophy several times in order to come to grips with it.come to grips with [sth], get to grips with [sth] v expr informal, figurative (master)掌握；学会When I had finally come to grips with algebra, I began to learn calculus.come to grips with [sth], get to grips with [sth] v expr informal, figurative (deal with, accept)处理；应付；接受It was difficult to come to grips with my parents' tragic deaths.come to grips with [sb] v expr dated (be in close combat with)与...搏斗；与...打斗come to know [sb/sth] v expr (grow familiar)逐渐明白；开始清楚You're not the woman I've come to know. You've changed.come to life v expr figurative (liven up) (比喻)变得活跃，开始有生气It's surprising how much I come to life after a short nap.come to life v expr figurative (art, theatre: be convincing) (比喻，艺术、戏剧等)栩栩如生，按现实刻画His stories seem to come to life as he tells them with such passion.come to light v expr figurative (be revealed)显露；显现Every day more information about the scandal comes to light.come to mind v expr (be recalled)想起；想到；记起He tried to solve the problem by brainstorming, jotting down the first thing that came to mind.come to naught (US), come to nought (UK) v expr (fail, have no effect)落空；化为泡影come to nothing v expr (plan, idea: fail) (计划等)没有实现，毫无结果He felt that all his efforts had come to nothing.come to pass v expr literary (happen, occur)发生；出现come to [sb]'s assistance v expr (offer to help)向…提供帮助；帮…的忙She was quick to come to my assistance when I needed some help.come to terms v expr (reach agreement)达成协议；达成妥协The lawyers should negotiate with each other until they come to terms on the matter.律师们应该不断与彼此协商，直到他们就该问题达成协议。come to terms with [sth] v expr figurative (accept)接受…It took Rich years to come to terms with the death of his father.come to that expr UK, informal (in fact, what is more)如果事实是那样的话；不致如此come to the aid of [sb] v expr (offer to help)向…提供帮助；帮…的忙The paramedics will come to the aid of anyone who is injured. The Red Cross came to the aid of thousands of injured and homeless after the earthquake.紧急医护人员会来抢救任何受伤的人。地震之后，有成千上万的伤者和无家可归者获得了红十字会的帮助。come to [sb]'s aid v expr (offer to help)帮助..., 援助...come to the attention of [sb], come to [sb]'s attention v expr (be noticed)引起...的关注；吸引...的注意It has come to the attention of management that many employees are using the computers to play games.come to the defense of [sb/sth] (US), come to the defence of [sb/sth] (UK) v expr (defend, support)保护；保卫come to [sb]'s/[sth]'s defense (US), come to [sb]'s/[sth]'s defence (UK) v expr (defend, support)保护..., 捍卫...come to the floor v expr mainly US (be debated in legislative chamber)送立法机构商议；在立法机构商讨come to the fore v expr figurative (become prominent) (比喻)显现出来；体现出来；水落石出As they argued, their real differences came to the fore.一番争论过后，他们之间的差异显现了出来。come to the fore v expr figurative (take action) (比喻)挺身而出In times of danger, leaders must come to the fore to deal with the crisis.come to the front v expr figurative (become prominent)出人头地，崭露头角come to the front v expr (move forward)到前面来，向前来Please let women and children come to the front of the line. Just click on a tab to make another window come to the front.请让妇女和儿童到前面来。只需点击一个标签，另一个窗口就会置顶显示。come to the rescue v expr (offer help in an emergency)援救；营救The police will come to the rescue after a crime.coming to terms n figurative (reaching acceptance)达成协议；达成共识command [sb] to do [sth] v expr (order to do)命令某人做某事；指示某人做某事The general commanded the troops to attack.将军命令部队采取进攻。commend [sb] to [sb] vtr + prep (recommend [sb] to [sb])推荐The professor commended the young protege to his colleagues.commend [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (entrust [sth] to [sb])把…委托给；把...托付给I commended my cat to my mother while I was abroad.commend [sb] to [sth/sb] vtr + prep (entrust [sb] to [sth], [sb])委托The court commended the child to his uncle's care.commit to [sth] vi + prep (fully engage in)致力于；全心全意投入于You must be willing to commit to the program for at least three months.你必须愿意全心全意投入到该项目中至少3个月。commit [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (entrust)把…托付给某人I commit the care of my children to you, should I not return from the mission.如果我这次任务没能回来，我的孩子就托付给你照顾了。commit to doing [sth] v expr (fully engage in doing)致力于；潜心于I committed to working on the project for the next six months.接下来六个月中，我会全身心投入这个项目。commit yourself to [sth] v expr (fully engage in)致力于Paine committed himself to the cause of American independence.佩恩全身心投入美国独立运动。commit yourself to doing [sth] v expr (fully engage in doing)全身心投入；将所有精力集中在You need to schedule times when you will commit yourself to studying.你需要安排好全神贯注学习的时间。commit [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep often passive (refer to a committee)将…提交给…以讨论This matter should now be committed to the council housing committee for final consideration.现在应该将这个问题交给理事会住房委员会进行最后审议。commit [sth] to memory v expr (memorize)记住；牢记Spies commit their orders to memory instead of carrying them on paper.committed to [sb/sth] adj + prep (dedicated to)献身于...的；奉献给...的Sheila was fully committed to her family, above all else.家庭对希拉而言高于一切，她全心全意地献身于自己的家人。committed to [sb] adj + prep (partner: faithful, serious) (伴侣)对…忠诚的Mary is committed to her husband.Even though the couple are not married, they are committed to each other.玛丽对丈夫很忠诚。// 尽管这对情侣没有结婚，但他们还是对彼此忠诚。committed to doing [sth] adj (person: dedicated to doing)致力于；献身于；奉献给Rachel is committed to bettering the lives of animals.蕾切尔致力于改善动物的生存环境。committed to do [sth] adj (obliged)承诺做…；保证做…Rita was committed to speak at the conference that morning.瑞塔承诺那天早晨要在会议上发言。commute to [sth] vi + prep (travel to: work, school)乘车去（上班、上学）；通勤Because she lives in the suburbs she has to commute to the city for work.由于她住在郊外，所以必须乘车去市区上班。comparable to [sth], comparable with [sth] adj + prep (similar to [sth])可与...相比的；可与...比较的In no way is your life comparable to mine.comparable to [sth] adj + prep (equal, as good as [sth])像…一样好The job offer from the factory was not comparable to the one I received from the software company.compare [sth/sb] to [sth/sb] vtr + prep (make a comparison, contrast with)把…与…进行比较；将…与…进行对照We compared the results to those of previous tests. Critics have compared his films to those of Hitchcock.我们把该结果与之前的测试结果进行了比较。评论家们已经把他的电影与希区柯克的进行了比较。compare with [sth/sb], compare to [sth/sb] vi + prep (be as good as)比得上；与…相匹敌This food does not compare with dinner at a good restaurant.这顿饭菜比不上好餐厅的晚餐。compare and contrast [sth] and/with/to [sth] v expr (note similarities, differences)比较和对比The article compares and contrasts the works of Plato and Aristotle.compare apples to apples v expr figurative (compare two similar things)同类比较；类比compare apples to oranges v expr figurative (compare two very different things)不同对象比较compared to prep (in comparison with)与…相比Life is good these days compared to the past.与过去相比，如今的生活挺好的。compel [sb], compel [sb] to do [sth] vtr (force: [sb])强迫某人做某事The threat of being fired compelled Tricia to tell the truth about what she saw.由于害怕被开除，特丽莎不得不说出了目击的真相。be compelled to do [sth] v expr (be forced, obliged)被迫做某事；不得不做某事feel compelled to do [sth] v expr (feel obliged)有义务做某事；有责任做某事complain to [sb/sth] vi + prep (make formal complaint)向…投诉You need to complain to the local government in writing if you want anything to be done.concede [sth] to [sb] vtr (surrender, give)交出The defeated king conceded the territories to the enemy.concede [sth] to [sb] vtr (advantage: lose, let go)让步The presidential candidate conceded the race to his rival.concede [sth] to [sb] vtr (goal, match: lose)输掉Our high school baseball team played well, but conceded the championship to our rivals.condemn [sb] to [sth] vtr (law: pass sentence on)宣判The defendant was condemned to life imprisonment.condemn [sb] to [sth] vtr figurative (doom, destin)置于…境地The crew's abandonment of the man on the island condemned him to death.condescend to do [sth] v expr (do [sth] demeaning)屈尊做某事；俯就做某事I would never condescend to plagiarize from other sources.condescend to [sb] vi + prep (be patronizing)向...摆出屈尊俯就的样子，带着居高临下的态度对待；狗眼看人低地My professor doesn't hesitate to condescend to anyone who has a question.condition [sb], condition [sb] to do [sth] vtr (brainwash, affect behaviour)使适应；使有准备；使习惯于Politicians are conditioning the people to accept the policy.政客们在让人们做好心理准备，好接受这一政策。conduce to [sth] vi + prep formal (lead to)导致conducive to [sth] adj + prep (that encourages, promotes [sth])有助于；增进；促成Drinking milk is conducive to the growth of strong bones.喝牛奶有助于强健骨骼的发育。confess to [sth] vi + prep (admit [sth])承认；供认A woman came to the police station and confessed to the murder.一个女人来到警察局，供认自己杀了人。confess to doing [sth] v expr (admit doing [sth])承认做了某事；供认做了某事Jim confessed to making a mess in the office kitchen.吉姆承认自己弄乱了办公室厨房。confess [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (admit guilt to [sb])向…供认；向...坦白Dwight confessed his guilt to his pastor.德怀特向他的牧师坦白了自己的罪责。confess [sth] to [sb] vtr (admit: sins to a priest)向…忏悔Sophia confesses her sins to her priest frequently.索菲亚经常向自己的牧师忏悔她的罪孽。confide [sth] to [sb] vtr (secret: tell)将...向...坦白； (指秘密)对...说出Monica confided the truth to her best friend.confine [sth] to [sth] vtr (restrict, limit)把…限制在；把...圈在The farmer confined the sheep to one small field.农夫把绵羊圈在一小块地上。confirm [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (acknowledge to)向...确认...The hotel confirmed my booking to me by email.酒店通过电子邮件的方式向我确认了预订事宜。conform to [sth] vi + prep (person: follow, comply with)服从；遵从She tries to conform to church teachings but it's not easy.她试图遵从教会教义，不过这并非易事。conform with [sth], conform to [sth] vi + prep (correspond with, be consistent with)遵守；服从；符合；一致The prince wants all new architecture to conform with traditional architecture.Does this part conform to the specifications?王子希望所有新建筑的风格都与传统建筑的风格一致。这款零件符合规格要求吗？connect to [sth] vi + prep (access: Internet, WiFi, etc.) (互联网，无线网等)连接到At the library you can connect to the WiFi for free.在图书馆，你可以连接到免费WiFi。connive to do [sth] v expr (conspire, plot to do [sth])密谋；蓄谋The executives connived to overthrow the CEO of the company.consecrate [sth] to [sb] vtr (dedicate, devote)将...奉献给；将...献祭给The new mother vowed to consecrate her life to her child.consecrate [sth] to [sth] vtr (dedicate, devote)奉献；献给Francis decided to consecrate his life to the church.consent to [sth] vi + prep (agree to [sth])同意；赞成Not many people in town would consent to raising taxes.镇上同意增税的人不多。consent to do [sth] v expr (agree to do [sth])同意做...；赞成做...Ross consented to take a lie detector test.罗斯同意接收测谎仪测试。consider [sb/sth] to be [sth] v expr (with a noun: judge as [sth])评判；认定；认为I consider my actions that day to be a mistake. Many consider Mozart's "Requiem" to be his masterpiece.我认为我那天的行动是个错误。consider [sb/sth] to be [sth] v expr (with an adjective: judge)评判；认为Many people today consider corporal punishment to be wrong.如今许多人认为体罚是错的。consign [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (goods: send, ship)将...寄送给The package was consigned by mail to Mary.consign [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (banish, relegate)把…发配到；将...流放到The former emperor was consigned to life on a remote island.这位前帝王被终生流放到一座遥远的小岛上。consign [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (entrust)将...分派给；将...委派给；将...交付给Before I moved abroad, I consigned my assets to my cousin.conspire to do [sth] v expr (plot together)共谋；合谋；密谋The three conspired to steal the famous painting.conspire to do [sth] v expr figurative (events: coincide)共同导致Events have conspired to keep us apart these past few months.constrain [sb] to do [sth] v expr (force, restrict [sb])迫使（某人）做（某事）；约束（某人）被迫做（某事）I would love to work abroad, but my family responsibilities constrain me to stay in this country.我希望能在境外工作，但我的家庭责任迫使我不得不留在这个国家里。constrained to do [sth] adj (forced to do [sth])被强迫做某事；被强制做某事Ann felt constrained to come to the party even though she didn't want to.content to do [sth], content with doing [sth] adj (satisfied)满足于…的，对做…感到心满意足的She was content to hear about his promotion.听说他升了职，她很满足。contiguous with [sth], contiguous to [sth] adj + prep (bordering, touching)相邻的；相连的Oregon is contiguous with California.continue to do [sth], continue doing [sth] v expr (carry on)继续做After retirement, Jane continued to work as a supply teacher.退休后，简继续在做代课老师。continue to be v expr (go on living, keep existing)继续存在；依然存在Even after we're dead, our love will continue to be.contract not to compete n (law: anti-competition agreement)竞业禁止协议contract not to compete v expr (law: prohibit rivalry)竞业禁止contrarily to [sth/sb] adv (unlike, in an opposite way to)与...相反地contrary to [sth] prep (in opposition to)相反Contrary to his expectations, thousands of people were at the airport to welcome him.与他预料的正相反：数千人来到了机场迎接他。contrary to [sth] prep (in conflict with)与...有冲突；与...相反；与...相悖She left the job because the company's policy on animal testing ran contrary to her beliefs.由于公司在动物实验方面的政策与她的信念相悖，她辞了职。contribute [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (give money or resources)给...捐献...Jeffrey contributes money to a local animal shelter every year.杰弗里每年都给当地一家动物收容所捐款。contribute to [sth] vi + prep (help, do [sth])为…出一份力；为...做出贡献Many thanks to everyone who contributed to the clean-up of litter on the beach.非常感谢为清理海滩做出贡献的每个人。contrive to do [sth] v expr (find a way, arrange to do [sth])设法做到They somehow contrived to arrive hours earlier than we did.convert [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (change to [sth] else)将…转换为；将…转化为Please convert the fractions to decimals.请将分数转化为小数。convert [sth] into [sth], convert [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (currency: exchange) (货币)将…兑换为I need to convert my US dollars into pounds sterling.我需要将我的美元兑换为英镑。convert [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (change [sb]'s mind)使…转而接受Luke converted Sheila to the merits of jogging every morning.卢克使茜拉转而接受每天早晨慢跑的好习惯。convert to [sth] vi + prep (change to new religion)皈依Incredibly, Pope Pius II once considered converting to Islam.令人惊奇的是，教皇皮乌斯二世曾一度考虑过皈依伊斯兰教。convert [sth] into [sth], convert [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (change over)改换；转换Do you know the formula to convert inches to centimeters?你知道英寸转厘米的公式吗？convert [sth] into [sth], convert [sth] to [sth] vtr (measure: find equivalent)将…换算为；将…折合为convert [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (make [sb] adopt new religion)使...接受新宗教信仰Because she was worried about my soul, she kept trying to convert me to her religion.convert [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (building: modify, repurpose) (建筑物)改造，改建，改装The old gas station has been converted to a diner.convince [sb] to do [sth] vtr (influence to act)说服某人做某事A letter from his mother convinced him to come home after years abroad.cooked-to-order adj (food: prepared when ordered)现点现做的The cooked-to-order breakfast at our hotel is excellent.correlative to [sth] adj + prep (corresponding to)与...对应的；与...相连的A tenant's right to privacy is correlative to the landlord's responsibility not to enter their property without notice.correspond to [sth] vi + prep (conform)与…符合；与…一致Make sure that the items in the box correspond to the invoice.correspond to [sth] vi + prep (be equivalent to)相当于；与…相类似A bird's wings correspond to the front legs of other animals.count up to [sth], count to [sth] v expr (recite numbers)合计；数到I can count up to ten in Chinese.counter to [sth] prep (in opposition to)与…相反That idea runs counter to popular wisdom about how to grow tomatoes.couple [sth] to [sth] vtr (train carriages: link) (火车车厢)将...与...连接They coupled a new engine to the train.courier [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep (deliver [sth] to [sb/sth])把...递送给...；把...快递给...If you need a signed copy right away, our company will courier it to you.如果你立马需要一份签名副本，我们公司可把副本快递给你。covenant to do [sth] vtr formal (promise: in a contract)签下合约保证做到The Employer covenants to pay the Contractor the stipulated sum.雇主签下合约，保证按规定金额支付承包商。be all it's cracked up to be, be what it's cracked up to be v expr (be as good as claimed)并没有所说的那么好；徒有虚名；名不副实备注: Often used in the negative.That film's not all it's cracked up to be; I didn't enjoy it at all!credit [sth] to [sb] vtr (attribute: [sth] to [sb])将某事归功于某人She credits her creativity to her mother, a renowned painter.她母亲是一位出名的画家，她将自己的创造力归功于母亲。credit where it's due, to give credit where it's due expr (expressing reluctant praise)该赞扬还得赞扬，这点还是要承认She wasn't the nicest boss, but credit where it's due, she did increase profits.Cross my heart and hope to die interj infantile (promise) (引入语，强调陈述的事情属实)说实话，说到底Mum, I'll clean my room in the morning. Cross my heart and hope to die!cross-reference [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (refer between: texts) (文本)交叉引用cross my heart, cross my heart and hope to die interj (I promise, I swear)发誓；承诺cross-refer [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (refer to [sth] by a cross-reference)前后参照；相互参照In the dictionary, the entry for "went" cross-refers to "go" because the two words are related.the cue for [sb] to do [sth] n (signal, prompt to action)提示某人做某事的信号When the hostess yawns, that is the cue for her guests to leave.当女主人打哈欠时，那就是提示客人离开的信号。curious to know adj (interested in knowing)很想知道I'm curious to know what you thought of the movie.customary to do [sth] expr (normal procedure)按常规该…；惯例是…It is customary to tip 10-15% of the bill at restaurants.餐厅给小费的惯例金额是账单的10-15%。cut to [sth] vi + prep (cinema: make abrupt transition) (电影)切换至It showed the scene of the child playing and then cut to the war scene.cut [sb/sth] down to size expr (criticize, find faults)揭穿...的底细；挫挫…的傲气Rick was cocky at first, but his new teammates cut him down to size.cut off your nose to spite your face v expr figurative (put self at disadvantage through spite)跟自己过不去；自讨苦吃be cut out to do [sth] expr informal, figurative (person: suited)适合做；适合成为；有...的天赋She was never cut out to be a doctor.cut to fit adj (custom made)定制的；客制的We bought the crown moldings cut to fit so they were fast to install.cut [sth/sb] to pieces v expr (slaughter)杀死；屠杀cut [sb] to pieces v expr figurative (upset) (比喻)口头上的讽刺，诋毁，中伤，将对方驳斥得体无完肤She cut me to pieces with her cruel remarks.她刻薄的中伤让我心碎。cut [sth] to ribbons v expr (shred)切成碎片；撕碎cut to the chase v expr figurative, informal (get to the point)切入正题；开门见山cut [sb] to the quick v expr (severely hurt [sb]'s feelings)切中要害；戳到痛处Damn it to hell! interj slang, potentially offensive (anger)见鬼去吧！；该死！"Damn it to hell!" I yelled, as the ball slipped through my fingers once again.dance to another tune, dance to a different tune v expr figurative (change your behavior, attitude, etc.)改变态度；改换态度dare to do [sth], also UK: dare do [sth] v expr (be brave enough)敢于做；胆敢做Not one of them dared to ride on the ghost train.他们中没有人敢坐幽灵列车。usage: used as an intransitive verbIf you dare to do something, you have the courage to do it. You use dare on its own, or with an infinitive with or without to.I went to see him as often as I dared.It's remarkable that she dared to be so honest. In this meaning, dare is often used in negative sentences and questions. If someone daren't do something, they don't have enough courage to do it.I daren't ring Jeremy again. In American English, the contraction ‘daren’t' is not used. American English uses the full form dare not instead.I dare not leave you here alone.Be carefulYou must use an infinitive without to after daren't and dare not. Don't say, for example, ‘I daren’t to ring Jeremy again'.If you are talking about the past, you say that someone did not dare do something or didn't dare do something. After did not dare and didn't dare you can use an infinitive with or without to.She did not dare leave the path.I didn't dare to speak or move.In formal writing, you can say that someone dares not do something. Dare not is always followed by an infinitive without to.He dared not show that he was afraid.In other kinds of negative sentence, you can use an infinitive with or without to after dare.No one dares disturb him.No other manager dared to compete.In yes/no-questions, you put the base form dare in front of the subject without using an auxiliary verb or modal. After the subject, you use an infinitive without to. Dare she go in?In wh-questions, you use a modal such as would in front of dare. After dare, you use an infinitive with or without to.Who will dare to tell him?What bank would dare offer such terms?dare to do [sth] (US) v expr (be bold enough)无畏于；胆敢于If you dare to dream, anything is possible.只要你无畏于心怀梦想，那么一切皆有可能。dare to do [sth], also UK: dare do [sth] v expr (be impudent enough)有胆量做；敢放肆做I wouldn't dare to enter his office without knocking.不敲门就进他办公室，我还没有胆量这样做。dare [sb] to do [sth] v expr (challenge)挑战某人做某事，刺激某人做某事I dared him to repeat the insult to my face.我让他亲自当面来骂我，看他敢不敢。dare to dream v expr figurative (be ambitious)敢于追梦dateable to adj + prep (traceable to a certain date)可追溯到...的date [sth], date [sth] to [sth] vtr (ascertain era)鉴定…的时期，确定…的年代Scientists are trying to date the fossils.科研人员正在试图确定这些化石的年代。day to day adv (on a daily basis)日复一日；每天day-to-day adj (everyday, daily)日常的；每日的；每天的；day-trip to [sth] vi + prep US (make a day trip to a place)去...一日游；一日游览...dead to the world adj slang, figurative (asleep)酣睡Once he is asleep he is dead to the world: we can make noise if we want.deaf to [sth] adj + prep figurative, potentially offensive (unwilling to listen)不愿听...的；对...充耳不闻的；不注意...的Edward was deaf to his daughter's pleas and sent her away to boarding school.爱德华对自己女儿的求告充耳不闻，把她送去了寄宿学校。decide to (do [sth]) vi + prep (resolve)决定去做；决心去做Lucy decided to do something about her messy hair.露西决定去整整自己一团糟的头发。declare yourself to be [sth] v expr (announce)宣布自己是…I hereby declare myself to be a candidate in the forthcoming elections.我在此宣布自己将以候选人的身份参与即将举办的选举。declare yourself to be [sb] v expr (claim identity)声称自己是…He declared himself to be the long-lost son of the deceased, returned to claim his inheritance.他声称自己是死者失散已久的儿子，回来继承遗产。declare yourself to be [sth] v expr (state yourself to be for, against [sth])公开表明赞成；公开表明反对The minister declared himself to be against the introduction of the euro to Britain.decline to do [sth] v expr (refuse to do)拒绝做某事I don't know why John has still got a job when he declines to do any work!我不能理解为什么约翰拒绝做任何事，他都还能有工作！dedicate [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (set aside for)拨出…用于…；把...给了...Alan dedicated the money to charity.阿兰拨出钱来用于慈善事务。dedicate [sth] to doing [sth] vtr + prep (devote)把...用于做某事；把...奉献给某事I'm going to dedicate my weekend to finishing a speech I'm writing.我要把周末的时间用于撰写发言。dedicate [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (declare: in honor of [sb])将某物献给某人I would like to dedicate this award to my mother, who always believed in me.我要将这个奖献给我的母亲，感谢她一直以来在我身上倾注的信念。dedicate [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (declare: in honor of [sth])把（作品）献给（某人）The artist dedicated the sculpture to the memory of those who had fallen during the war.艺术家将这座雕塑献给在战争中牺牲的人们。dedicate [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (book: inscribe) (指书籍等)题献给The author signed the fan's book and dedicated it "To dear Ellen."作家在为粉丝的书上签了名，题献给“亲爱的艾伦”。dedicate yourself to [sth] v expr (devote energy to [sth])献身于；将自己奉献给If you want to be a star athlete, you have to dedicate yourself to the sport.dedicated to [sth] adj + prep (devoted to one thing)致力于...的；专攻...的；专门...的The museum is dedicated to antiquities and silver works.这家博物馆致力于收集古董和银器。dedicated to doing [sth] expr (devoted to one task)被用于做（一件事）；专注于...；专门用来...My evenings are dedicated to practising the piano.我的傍晚时间专门用来练钢琴。dedicated to [sth] adj + prep (person: committed to [sth])致力于；献身于Christina is dedicated to her work.克里斯汀娜致力于自己的工作。dedicated to doing [sth] expr (person: committed to a task)致力于；一心一意地做Harry is a conscientious employee, dedicated to doing his best.哈利是一位一丝不苟的雇员，一心一意要做到最好。dedicated to [sb] adj + prep (inscribed to [sb]) (人)致...的；题献给...的The book was dedicated to the author's daughter.那本书是题献给作者的女儿的。dedicated to [sb/sth] adj + prep (monument, building opening) (建筑物、纪念碑等)敬献给…的Yesterday, the monument was dedicated to the thousands who died during the epidemic.就在昨天，纪念碑举行了落成仪式，敬献给数千名在瘟疫中丧生的人。dedicated to [sb]'s memory, dedicated to the memory of [sb] expr (in tribute)为纪念某人After Samantha died, her parents created a scholarship fund dedicated to their daughter's memory.deem [sb/sth] to be [sth] v expr formal (view as being)认为The panel deemed Patricia to be suitable for the job and hired her.评审小组认为帕特里夏适合这一工作，并聘用了她。defy [sb] to do [sth] vtr (challenge)挑战某人做某事I defy you to tell the difference between these two products.我谅你分不出这两种产品之间的区别。deign to do [sth] v expr (condescend to do [sth])屈尊去做'Thank you for deigning to make an appearance,' said the teacher sarcastically to her student.delegate [sth] to [sb] vtr (task: entrust to [sb])把…委托给某人You need to delegate more routine tasks to your assistant.你需要把更多的日常任务委托给自己的助手。delegate [sb] to do [sth] vtr (person: appoint)委派某人做某事；任命某人做某事The Swedish government delegated a minister to represent them at the event in London.瑞典政府委派了一名部长代表他们出席在伦敦举办的活动。deliver [sb], deliver [sb] to [sb] vtr (hand over)递送；交付The police delivered the child to her parents after she wandered off.demand to do [sth] v expr (insist on doing [sth])强烈要求；强要I demand to see the manager!我强烈要求见经理！demote [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (reduce rank of: soldier, employee)降级Without warning, Chuck was demoted from manager to cashier.depend on [sb] to do [sth], depend upon [sb] to do [sth] v expr (rely on [sb] doing [sth])依靠某人做某事；依赖某人做某事I depend on Barbara to drive me to the hospital each week.每周我都要靠芭芭拉开车送我去医院。desensitize [sb] to [sth], also UK: desensitise [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (make [sb] less sensitive to [sth])使…对…麻木；使…对…不敏感Watching a lot of bloody movies may desensitize you to the shock of violence.desirable to do [sth] adj (course of action: recommended)可取的It might be desirable to clear up this mess before you make any more.在制作更多东西前先把这一摊清理干净，也许是可取的做法。desperate to do [sth] adj (person: urgently wishing to do [sth]) (人)极其需要做...的，迫切渴望做...的Gerald is desperate to find a job.杰拉德迫切渴望找到一份工作。destined to do [sth] adj (certain to do)注定This talented young man is destined to make a name for himself in the music business.detail [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (assign [sth/sb] to do [sth])派；派遣determine to do [sth] v expr (resolve to do)下定决心...；决意...It was then that Julia determined to swim the English Channel.茱莉亚就是在那时决意游泳横渡英吉利海峡的。determined to do [sth] adj (firmly resolved to)下定决心的；决意做...的Robert is determined to finish his work by Friday.罗伯特下定决心要在周五前完工。detrimental to [sb/sth] adj + prep (bad for)对...不利的；对...有害的The scandal was detrimental to the politician's career.那件丑闻对那位政客的政治生涯不利。devolve to [sb/sth], devolve on [sb/sth], devolve upon [sb/sth] vi + prep formal (be transferred)转让；交给devote [sth] to [sth/sb] vtr + prep (time, money, etc.: give) (时间、金钱等)把某物专用于...；把某物献给...Lucy devoted all her energy to making sure her business venture was a success.露西把自己所有的精力都献给了她的生意，确保自己的生意能取得成功。devote yourself to [sth/sb] v expr (dedicate yourself)将自己奉献给...My mother devoted herself to her children.我母亲把自己奉献给了孩子们。devote yourself to doing [sth] v expr (put all your energy into)献身于；全心致力于After his wife's death from cancer, he devoted himself to fundraising for cancer charities.妻子死于癌症之后，他全心致力于为癌症慈善机构筹集善款。devote your life to [sth/sb] v expr (be totally committed: to a cause)献身于；全心致力Jeremy devoted his life to a vain cause.devoted to [sth] adj + prep (loyal to [sth])忠诚于…的；忠实于…的Alison is devoted to her friendship with Emma.艾莉森忠实于自己与艾玛的友谊。devoted to [sb] adj + prep (loyal to [sb]) (对人)对…忠贞的，对…忠诚的Fred is devoted to his wife.弗雷德对妻子忠贞不移。devoted to [sth/sb] adj + prep (committed)献身于，致力于；对...坚定的，对...专注的In spite of his parents' conservative outlook, Bob was devoted to liberal social causes.即便自己父母观念保守，鲍勃还是致力于自由主义的社会事业。devoted to [sth/sb] adj + prep (focused on [sth], [sb]'s work)专心于；致力于Alice is devoted to her work as a paediatrician.爱丽丝致力于儿科医生工作。devoted to [sth] adj + prep (religiously faithful)对...虔诚的The priest is devoted to the church.devoted to [sb] adj + prep (religion: faithful)对...虔诚的devotion to [sth] n (dedication: to a task)专心His devotion to the task enabled him to finish it in only two days.devotion to [sb] n (attachment: to a person)热爱It was touching to see the children's devotion to their grandparents.devotion to [sth] n (commitment: to a cause)奉献The movement depends entirely on its members' devotion to the cause.devotion to duty n (professional dedication)忠于职守；尽职尽责The police chief praised the lieutenant for his devotion to duty.dictate [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (terms: prescribe)规定We are not in a position to dictate terms to the administration.dictate [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (letter: say aloud)口述She dictated the letter to her secretary, who later typed it.different to [sth/sb] adj + prep UK, colloquial (different from)不同于…；和…不同；和…不一样dig deep to do [sth] vi + adv figurative (summon strength)奋力；竭力The runner had to dig deep to maintain his lead.direct [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (address: a letter, package) (邮件等)将...寄给To whom shall I direct the letter?direct [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (aim: remarks) (评论等)把…针对You should direct your criticisms to the person responsible.你应该批评那个该负责任的人。direct [sb], direct [sb] to [sth] vtr (give directions)给…指示方向；为…指路Can you please direct me to the museum?你能告诉我博物馆在哪个方向吗？direct [sb] to do [sth] v expr (command)指挥某人做某事；指示某人做某事The man directed his children to clean the house.direct [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (address in speech)对…讲（话）The professor directed his comments to the two noisy girls in the back of the classroom.direct access, direct access to [sb] n (without intermediary)直接接触某人的渠道；直接接近某人的渠道She has direct access to the prime minister.direct access, direct access to [sth] n (without intervening places)直接接入…的通道A gate at the end of the garden gives direct access to the beach.direct attention to [sth/sb], direct [sb]'s attention to [sth/sb] v expr (attract notice, highlight)使…密切注意；将注意力引向I'd like to direct your attention to the graph at the top of Page 5 in the report.我想将大家的注意力引向报告第5页顶部的图表。be directed to do [sth] v expr (be instructed)被指示做某事，被要求做某事，被吩咐做某事I was directed to fill out the form.disburse [sth] to [sb] vtr (distribute, pay out)支付The university disburses stipends to qualifying students every month.discipline yourself, discipline yourself to do [sth] vtr + refl (train yourself to do [sth])训练自己做In order to do well in the marathon race, Frank had learned to discipline himself to hold a sustainable pace.disincline [sb] to do [sth] vtr (make less willing)使不情愿；使无意于；使不愿意dispatch [sb] to do [sth], despatch v expr (employee: send to do)指派某人做某事；安排某人做某事Rose dispatched her assistant to deal with the delivery.罗斯安排自己的助手去处理递送事宜。dispatch [sth] to [sb], despatch vtr + prep (item: send)把...发送给We will be dispatching your purchases to you tomorrow.我们明天就把货发送给您。dispose [sb] to do [sth] v expr (make inclined)使某人有做某事的倾向；使某人有意于；使某人愿意做某事；让某人想做某事Elizabeth was normally a peaceful person, but the nonsense she heard at the meeting disposed her to argue.伊丽莎白多数时候是个平和的人，但她在会上听到的谬论让她想要争辩。disposed to [sth] adj (inclined, tending)倾向于…的Jenna's expression suggested that she was always disposed to mirth.disposed to do [sth] expr (willing, ready)乐于…的；乐意做…的Jack has never been disposed to help out with school fundraisers.disposition to do [sth] n (inclination)做某事的倾向William has a dangerous disposition to gamble.威廉有危险的赌博倾向。dissimilar to [sb] adj + prep (different from [sb])与...不同的Randy is not as dissimilar to his father as he thinks.dissimilar to [sth] adj + prep (different from [sth])与...不一样的The politician's comments are reprehensible but not dissimilar to what others say every day.distribute [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (hand out)把某物分发给某人The teacher distributed handouts to everyone in the class.老师给班上所有人分发讲义。do [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (cause effect on)在…上引起了；对…造成了That rugby game has done a lot of damage to the grass.橄榄球比赛给草坪带来了严重破坏。do [sb/sth] a disservice, do a disservice to [sb/sth] v expr (do [sth] unfavorable to [sb/sth])损害；伤害The soldier did his country a disservice by deserting his unit during battle.do credit to [sb], do [sb] credit v expr (present or represent honorably)归功于…；是…的功劳He does credit to his teachers.do everything you can to do [sth] v expr (try your hardest to achieve [sth])尽一切努力做某事；竭尽全力做某事Choosing a university is an important decision, so make sure you do everything you can to get it right.上哪所大学是一个重要的选择，所以一定要确保竭尽全力，做出正确的选择。do homage to [sb] v expr (pay tribute to)向...致敬The cover band did homage to the Beatles by playing "Yellow Submarine."do [sb/sth] justice, do justice to [sb/sth] v expr (present fairly and accurately)真正反映出…，使...得到公平对待Mr. Smith's oil portrait of the Queen really did her justice.Karen's work did justice to her reputation.do [sth] to death v expr informal, figurative, often passive (overdo [sth], do [sth] too often)做…得太多；做烦了；做腻了Hollywood has done vampire movies to death.do well to do [sth] v expr (be wise)做得对；做得明智You would do well to heed her advice.Do what there is to do. interj (Take the necessary action.)做必要的事；采取必要的行动do your best to do [sth] v expr (try your hardest to do [sth])尽全力做某事Fred did his best to give up smoking, but couldn't keep it up.do your utmost to do [sth] v expr (do everything you can to)尽全力做某事Don't teach Granny to suck eggs, Don't teach your grandmother to suck eggs interj figurative (respect [sb]'s experience)不要班门弄斧，不自量力donate [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep (money: give) (钱财)捐赠…给They donated $100 to the Red Cross.他们捐赠了一百美金善款给红十字会。donate [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (things: give, contribute)将…捐给Thousands of people have donated clothes to the charity appeal.应呼吁，成千上万的人将衣物捐给慈善机构。donate to [sth] vi + prep (give money, clothes, etc.) (钱、衣物等)捐赠给I donate to charity regularly.我经常为慈善机构做捐赠。doom [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep often passive (condemn to [sth])注定让...做某事；注定让...变成...A poor education system doomed the children to a life of low-paid work. We are doomed to continue making the same mistakes.不良的教育系统会注定让孩子们未来在低薪工作中挣扎。我们注定会继续犯同一个错误。doom [sb/sth] to failure v expr often passive (cause to fail)注定失败；注定失手Not having the right people for the job doomed the project to failure.doomed to [sth], doomed to do [sth] adj + prep (destined, fated)注定要The train passengers were doomed to be stranded in the snow storm.火车上的乘客注定要被困在暴风雪中。doomed to failure, doomed to fail adj (destined not to succeed)注定失败的The plan was so unrealistic, it was doomed to failure.door to door adv (selling: from one door to another)挨家挨户地备注: hyphen used when term is an adjI got my start in sales selling vacuum cleaners door to door.door-to-door adj (sales: from one door to another)挨家挨户的I started my sales career as a door-to-door insurance salesman.door-to-door adj (shipping: all-inclusive) (运输)从门到门的Are those shipping costs door-to-door or port-to-port?door-to-door sales npl (selling: knocking on doors)上门推销door-to-door salesman n (male seller: knocks on doors) (指男性)上门推销员James is a door-to-door vacuum salesman.door-to-door saleswoman n (female seller: knocks on doors)上门女推销员down to [sth/sb] adj + prep informal (determined by)由…负责；由…决定Whether he goes free or not is down to the judge's decision.他能否释放取决于法官的裁决。down to [sth] adj + prep (left with only)只剩下We're down to the last of the coffee, so could you buy some more while you're out?咖啡差不多用光了，你出去时能再买些回来吗？down to [sth/sb] adj + prep informal (caused by)是…的责任；由…引起The accident was entirely down to driver error.那次事故完全是司机的失误造成的。down with [sth], down with doing [sth], down to do [sth], down for [sth], down for doing [sth] expr slang (keen to do [sth])支持Sure, I'm down for going hiking this weekend.当然，我支持这个周末去远足。down to earth, down-to-earth adj (sensible)通情达理的备注: Hyphens are used when the term is an adjective that precedes the nounMarilyn's a very down-to-earth person: she'll be a great asset in the coming crisis.玛丽琳是个十分通情达理的人，在即将到来的危机中，她肯定能有所作为。down to earth adv figurative (to reality)现实地，回归现实Telling her I was broke brought her quickly back down to earth and stopped her spending sprees.告诉她我破产了将她拉回了现实，她也不再疯狂地乱花钱了。down to luck adj informal (depends on chance)归功于运气；屏运气My win at chess was down to luck, rather than skill.It's down to luck now whether we get there on time.down to the wire expr figurative (close to the deadline)最后关头；最后一刻downgrade [sb] to [sth] vtr (demote, lower in rank)降职Ronald was downgraded from manager to assistant as punishment for his actions.downgrade [sth] to [sth] vtr (reduce threat level to [sth])降低The terror threat has been downgraded to moderate.downgrade [sth] to [sth] vtr (technology: revert to [sth] older)降级The program has been downgraded to the previous version because it's more stable.draw attention to [sth] v expr (make [sth] noticeable)将注意力吸引到…身上Bold text is used to draw attention to certain words.粗体是用来让人们注意某些单词的。draw to a close, draw to an end v expr (finish)结束；落下帷幕；接近尾声As the evening drew to a close, the orchestra played a final waltz.draw [sth] to a close v expr (bring to an end)使...结束After an hour on the phone, she drew the conversation to a close.dread to think v expr (find unpleasant to imagine)不敢想象, 不敢设想"Daisy's married someone she's only just met? I wonder how that's going to turn out." "I dread to think."dread to think what/how/who v expr (find unpleasant to imagine)不敢想；害怕去想I dread to think how the victim's family must be feeling.dress to impress v expr informal (wear smart clothes)好好打扮以给人留下好印象；在穿着上下功夫As her date was tonight, Carol wanted to dress to impress.dress to kill v expr figurative (woman: wear stylish clothes)穿着打扮引人注目（尤指吸引异性）Paula is a very glamorous woman who always dresses to kill.dressed to kill adj figurative (woman: in stylish clothes)穿着打扮引人注目的（尤指吸引异性）The actresses attending the Oscars ceremony were dressed to kill.dressed to the nines, dressed up to the nines adj informal (dressed formally or elegantly) (习惯表达)盛装的Everyone was dressed to the nines at the inauguration ball.drink to [sth/sb] vi + prep (toast with alcohol)敬酒；干杯Let's drink to the bride and groom!drive [sb] to [sth] vtr (passenger: transport)开车送…到…去Could you drive me to the station?你能开车送我到车站么？drive [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep figurative (compel, cause)驱使，迫使The addiction drove him to a life of crime and misery.毒品上瘾驱使他走上犯罪道路，生活凄惨。drive [sb] to do [sth] vtr + prep figurative (compel, cause)强迫某人做某事The desire to make her parents proud is what drives her to succeed.想让父母为自己感到骄傲的心就是驱使她成功的动力。drive [sb] to [sth] vtr figurative (provoke)把…逼到（某种程度）；逼得Her children always drive her to the point of madness.她家孩子经常把她搞得快疯掉。drive [sth] to [sth] vtr figurative (push)把…推动到；将…推进到She drove the conversation to a certain topic.她把谈话推动到某个话题上。drive [sb] to do [sth] v expr figurative (motivate)促使某人做某事；驱使某人做某事What drives her to succeed is a desire to make her parents proud.想让父母自豪，这是促使她取得成功的动力。drive [sb] to despair v expr (cause [sb] to feel hopeless)让...感到无助；让...绝望drive [sb] to despair v expr informal (cause [sb] to feel exasperated)让...绝望drive yourself to [sth] v expr (go by car)自己驱车前往I don't think you should drive yourself to the hospital.drive yourself to [sth] v expr figurative (motivate yourself)激励自己做...drop [sb] a line, drop a line to [sb] v expr informal (send a message) (非正式用语)写信给某人；给...发消息I should drop a line to my brother because I haven't written him in a long time.due to do [sth] adj (scheduled to undergo [sth])到期该做…的The car is due to get its oil changed.车该换油了。due to do [sth] adj + prep (expected, supposed to do [sth])预计做；将要做The minister is due to meet with his French counterpart this afternoon to discuss the current economic crisis.大臣预计于今日下午会见法国方面的大臣，一同商讨当前所面临的经济危机。due to [sth] prep (caused by, because of)因为；由于The game was delayed due to bad weather.由于糟糕的天气，比赛被延期了。due to [sth] adj + prep (owing to, because of [sth])因为；由于His success is due to his careful attention to detail.他之所以成功，是因为他非常注重细节。dying to do [sth] v expr figurative, informal (wanting strongly to do)强烈渴望做...；非常想要做...I'm dying to see my family, after spending a year abroad.在国外一年后，我强烈渴望见到家人。each to their own, each to his own, each to her own expr (everyone has their own preferences)我们都不相同；每个人都有自己的选择eager to do [sth] adj (keen, desirous)渴望做某事，殷切盼望做某事，很想做某事I am eager to show you my new house.我很想给你展示下我的新房子。easy to get along with adj informal (affable)好相处的；随和的Jim is a friendly guy who is easy to get along with.easy to understand adj (quickly grasped)容易理解的；不难明白的Use diagrams to display large amounts of information in ways that are easy to understand.easy to use, easy-to-use adj (not difficult to use)简单易用的；易用的备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the nounThis easy-to-use mobile phone is specially designed for the elderly.easy to wear adj US, figurative (person: not difficult)好打交道Some people find him difficult, but I find him quite easy to wear.echo back [sth] to [sb], echo [sth] back to [sb] v expr figurative (repeat [sb]'s opinion words back to)附和某人说的话；重复某人的话You will not receive a good grade if you simply echo back the author's words to the teacher.elect [sb] to [sth] vtr (appoint by voting)选举This year, voters will elect two new people to the town council.elect to do [sth] vi + prep formal (choose)选择做某事Party A to the contract elects to commission services from Party B.elevate [sth], elevate [sth] to [sth] vtr figurative (aggrandize)提高Many people elevate the consumer lifestyle even if it hurts their personal finances.elevate [sb], elevate [sb] to [sth] vtr figurative (aggrandize)抬高I'm tired of people elevating tacky reality TV stars.eligible to do [sth] adj (entitled to receive)有资格做…的；有权利做…的The letter confirmed the family was eligible to receive a government grant to insulate their house.信函确认了这家人有资格接受政府补助金，对其房屋进行保温处理。email [sth] to [sb], e-mail vtr (send: [sth] via email)通过电邮将...寄给；通过电子邮件给...发送I'll email the invoices to all our customers.我会通过电子邮件把发票寄给我们的所有客户。empower [sb] to do [sth] vtr figurative (give confidence to do)使某人更好地做某事The seminars are intended to empower boys to talk about their mental health.这系列研讨会旨在使男孩子们能更自信地谈论自身心理健康问题。empower [sb] to do [sth] v expr (authorize)赋权给某人做某事The legislation empowers town councils to organize cooperatives.法律赋权给镇委员会组织合作社。en route to [sth] prep (on the way)在去...途中；在去...路上enable [sb] to do [sth] v expr (empower, make able to do)使能够做某事；使可能做某事The knife enabled him to cut open the box.刀子使他能够把盒子打开。encourage [sb] to do [sth] v expr (urge, support to do)鼓励…做The teacher encouraged them to discuss the book in class.老师鼓励他们在课堂上讨论那本书的内容。end to end adv (in a row)从头到尾地备注: Hyphens are used when the term is an adjectiveIf all placed end to end, the rows of seats would stretch for 54 kilometres.end-to-end adj (from start to finish)从头到尾的；贯穿始终的The match delivered end-to-end thrills, with six near-goals.end-to-end adj (continuous)接连不断的；持续的The movie is packed with end-to-end fight scenes.endear [sb] to [sb] vtr + prep (make lovable: to [sb])使...受...喜爱Margret's cheerful attitude has endeared her to everyone in her office.endeavor to do [sth] (US), endeavour to do [sth] (UK) vi + prep (try to)尝试；尽力；努力Do not endeavor to change his mind; you'll regret it.别尝试改变他的想法，不然你会后悔的。engage to do [sth] v expr (commit to do)保证做某事，承诺做某事The government has engaged to assist the organization's aid efforts.政府承诺为该组织的援助工作提供帮助。engagement to marry n (promise, agreement)婚约；订婚enjoin [sb] to do [sth] v expr (order, instruct)命令某人做某事；嘱咐某人做某事；吩咐某人做某事The decree enjoined all men over the age of 16 to join the army.enlighten [sb] as to [sth] v expr figurative (explain or clarify to)使...明白...；使...清楚...The manager asked his staff to enlighten him as to what exactly was involved in the project.enlighten [sb] as to [sth] v expr figurative (inform)告诉；介绍清楚I wonder if you could enlighten me as to the best way to get to Oxford Street?entice [sb] to do [sth], entice [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (persuade to do)劝服某人做某事；说服某人做某事Ann tried to entice her boss to close the office early on Fridays.安试图说服自己的老板周五早一点关张。entice [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (lure)诱使；怂恿We did our best to entice Tim to the party, but he didn't want to come.为了怂恿蒂姆参加聚会，我们竭尽了全力，但他自己不想来，也没办法。entitle [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (give right to)赋予…权利；给予…资格；使...有资格Being the boss entitles Linda to the biggest office.琳达的领导职位使他有资格享有最大的办公室。entitle [sb] to do [sth] v expr (give right to do)给...做...的权利；赋予某人做某事的资格This pass entitles you to visit the museum as many times as you like in a week.有了这张通行证，你就能在一周内无限次到访博物馆。be entitled to [sth] v expr (have the right to [sth])有权得到；应当得到You are only entitled to a refund if the goods are defective.只有在产品有缺陷的情况下，你才有权得到退款。be entitled to do [sth] v expr (have the right to do)有权做某事If someone asks you to do something you don't want to do, you are entitled to say no.如果别人叫你做你不想做的事，你有权说“不”。be entitled to compensation v expr (deserve financial reparation)有权得到补偿的The judge decided that I was entitled to compensation for the damages.After my car wreck I was entitled to compensation for my hospital bills.法官裁定，我有权为遭受的损害得到补偿。// 出车祸后，我有权得到医疗费补偿。entrust [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (commit)将某物交托给某人；将某物付托给某人Rachel entrusted the tickets to Brian, as she knew she would only lose them.瑞秋知道自己肯定会弄丢票，所以将票交托给了布莱恩。equal to [sth] prep (having the same value as) (价值)与…等值In value, this vase is equal to that jug. In terms of price there is no difference, they are both equal to each other.equal to [sth] adj + prep (good enough for)能够胜任；有能力完成He is strong, and is equal to the task.equal to [sth] adj + prep (the same as)与…一样；与…相同Talking like that could be equal to slander.equip [sb] to do [sth] v expr (provide with attributes)使做好准备做某事；使...具备做某事应有的品质My education did not equip me to deal with these hassles.equipped to do [sth] adj (having tools, supplies for [sth])装备的This clinic is not equipped to perform surgery.equipped to do [sth] adj figurative (capable of doing [sth])具备...能力的I am not equipped to deal with this stress!equivalent to [sth] adj + prep (comparable to)相当于...的；与...对等的Each sugar cube is equivalent to one teaspoon of sugar.每一块方糖相当于一茶匙糖的量。escort [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (accompany)陪同…去…；陪伴…前往…After she caught them truanting, Melanie started escorting her kids to school.梅兰妮在捉住自己孩子逃学后，就开始陪他们一起去学校。be essential for [sth], be essential to [sth] v expr (be necessary for)对...而言必不可少的；对于...必需的An atmosphere containing oxygen is essential for the maintenance of human life.含氧的大气层对于维持人类生命来说是必需的。estimate [sth] at [sth], estimate [sth] to be [sth] v expr (judge, assess)判断；估计Marco estimated his chance of winning to be 30%.马可估计，自己获胜的几率为30%。exclusive right to sell n (business: sole agent)独家销售权；独家经销权exhort [sb] to do [sth] v expr (urge)劝勉某人做某事；力劝某人做某事The politician exhorted her constituents to speak out about the proposed law.expect to do [sth] vi + prep (believe you will do [sth])认为某人会做某事；预料某人会做某事The England team expect to win their match against Sweden.英格兰队认为他们能够战胜瑞典队。explain [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (give details, clarify)解释；说明…的理由I've tried to explain Einstein's Theory of Relativity to her many times, but she still doesn't understand it.我多次尝试给她解释爱因斯坦的相对论，但她一直没弄明白。expose [sth/sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (physically: not protect)使...暴露在某物中；使...接触到某物The employer provided protective equipment for his employees, as the work exposed them to harmful chemicals.由于这项工作会使工人接触到有害化学品，所以雇主提供了保护设备。expose [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (camera film: to light) (胶卷)使曝光Jim exposed the film to the light.吉姆使胶卷曝光。expose [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (to experiences)使某人经历某事；让某人体验某事Tom wanted to expose his son to the real world.汤姆想让自己的儿子体验一下真实的世界。expose [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (to bad influences)使...受...影响；使...接触到Alison's friend exposed her to some bad habits.艾莉森的朋友们使她受到某些不良习惯的影响。expose [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (computer: to virus) (计算机)使...暴露在（病毒）威胁下By clicking on the pop-up ad, Fred exposed his computer to a trojan.；expose [sth] to the air v expr (leave uncovered)使…暴露于空气中exposed to [sth] adj + prep (not protected from [sth])暴露于...威胁之下的，易受...攻击的；经历过，经受过Children exposed to trauma need professional help to overcome their problems.经受过创伤的孩子们需要专业帮助，克服他们的问题。be exposed to [sth/sb] v expr (not be physically protected from)暴露在；无保护出现于Workers at the nuclear plant were accidentally exposed to radiation.核电站的工人意外暴露在辐射之中。eye to eye adv figurative (in agreement)见解一致地；达成共识地My parents aren't always eye to eye on politics.我父母在政治问题上有时会有分歧。eye to eye adv (on the same level)处于同一水平face to face adv (in person)面对面；当面We exchanged emails for a year before finally meeting face to face.We'd seen each other's photos, but the first time we met face to face was a shock.我们用电子邮件交流了一年后才最终见面。//虽然我们见过彼此的照片，但双方第一次见面还是很震惊。face to face with [sb/sth], face-to-face with [sb/sth] expr (confronted with, meeting)与...对峙；与...相见；与...面对面Walking in the woods, the man was shocked to find himself face-to-face with a bear.走在林中，这人惊讶地发现自己遇到了一只熊。face-to-face adj (direct, in person)面对面的；当面的Our first face-to-face encounter was way back in 1982.This school provides both online and face-to-face tutoring.face-to-face meeting n (in-person discussion)面对面会议；当面会谈When discussing matters like these, it's usually better to have a face-to-face meeting.fail to do [sth] vi + prep (not succeed in doing [sth])没有做到，没能做到；做…没有成功They failed to deliver the package in time.他们没能及时将包裹送达。fail to do [sth] vi + prep (omit, neglect)忘记；忽略The directions failed to mention that the road was closed.行车路线里忘了提到道路已关闭。fail to comply with [sth] v expr (not obey [sth])不遵守；不遵从If you fail to comply with local building codes, you could be fined.failing to do so, failure to do so n (non-compliance)不这样做的话failure to do [sth] n (neglect, not doing [sth])疏于；缺乏The failure to communicate was responsible for most of the conflict between employees.缺乏交流是员工之间矛盾的主要原因。failure to agree n (disagreement)未能达成一致；分歧failure to appear n (charge of not attending court)未能出庭failure to comply n (charge of not obeying a rule)不遵守，违反failure to make delivery n (incomplete act)未能完成；未能交付failure to pay n (payment not made)未支付，未能支付failure to thrive n (baby: lack of growth) (婴儿)发育停滞，发育迟缓fair to middling expr informal (so-so) (非正式用语)凑合；一般般fall over yourself to do [sth] v expr figurative, informal (be extremely eager)急不可耐做某事；急欲做某事备注: Usually used in continuous tenses.fall prey to [sth/sb] v expr figurative (become a victim of)成为…的牺牲品，成为…的受害者The elderly woman fell prey to a conman who convinced her to part with her savings.fall to [sb] to do [sth] v expr (task: become [sb]'s to do)…不得不做…；…负责做…fall to doing [sth] v expr (dive into an activity)开始做…fall to [sb] v expr (property: become owned by [sb]) (财产)成为…所有far be it from me to do [sth] expr (express reluctance to do [sth])我绝不会；我不要farm-to-table, farm-to-fork n uncountable (use of local produce)从农场到餐桌；原生态Farm-to-table promotes local, organically grown food.farm-to-table, farm-to-fork adj (using local produce)从农场到餐桌的；原生态的fasten [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (attach securely)把...固定在...上；把...系在...上Alan fastened the suitcases to the roof rack.艾伦把箱子固定在了车顶架子上。fate [sb] to do [sth] vtr usu passive (destine)注定；命定He was fated to die in the Second World War.他注定在第二次世界大战中身亡。fated to do [sth] expr (doomed to do [sth])命中注定要...的；注定要...的The tour bus was fated to crash along the mountain road.fax [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep dated (send by fax)把...传真给Eric faxed the document to the government office.be fed up to the back teeth of doing [sth], be sick to the back teeth of doing [sth] v expr figurative, informal (be exasperated by [sth] repeated)烦透了；失望透顶备注: also "with doing sth"She said angrily that she was fed up to the back teeth of hearing us bicker.feed [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep figurative (supply)将…送入，给…喂（料）The operator feeds paper to the printing press.操作员将纸张送入印刷机。feed [sth] to [sb] vtr figurative (supply)提供The media feeds the news to people.媒体向大众提供新闻。feed [sth] back to [sb] v expr (relay [sth] back to)向…反馈Karen appreciates her staff feeding back intormation to her on a regular basis.凯伦很感谢她的员工能定期向她反馈信息。feel free to do [sth] v expr informal (do [sth] freely) (非正式用语)随意做某事；欢迎做某事Please feel free to call if you need any help.Tara told Leo that he should feel free to borrow her car whenever he liked.如您需要任何帮助，请随时打电话给我。//塔拉告诉利奥，只要他愿意，随时可以借她的车。feel up to [sth], feel up to doing [sth] v expr (have health, energy for [sth])感觉有精力…；感觉有力气…I'm so tired that I don't even feel up to going to the party.fight your way to the top v expr figurative, informal (struggle to succeed)奋力爬上顶端；登上巅峰She fought her way to the top of the company.fill to overflowing v expr (fill completely)盛满到快要溢出She lifted the pitcher and filled his mug to overflowing.a fillip to [sth] n (stimulus)激励, 推动find the key to [sth] v expr (to a puzzle, problem)找到...的答案； (比喻)找到打开...的钥匙I know I could solve this puzzle if only I could find the key to it.find time to do [sth], find the time to do [sth] vtr + n (activity: fit in)抽空；挤时间（做某事）I am very busy, but I will try to find time to see you.fit to do [sth] adj (competent)能胜任；有能力做Amy wants to prove to her boss that she is fit to take on more responsibility.艾米想要向老板证明自己有能力做更多事。fit to be tied adj informal (very annoyed)极为烦恼的；大为光火的fit to burst, fit to bust expr UK (energetically)精力充沛fit to burst with [sth], fit to bust with [sth] expr UK (full of [sth]: emotion, excitement) (情绪、感情)充满fit to drop adj informal (exhausted)精疲力竭After staying up all night studying for her exams, Akiko was fit to drop.fix [sth] to [sth] vtr (attach)把...钉在；把...固定在Let me fix this poster to the wall.让我把海报钉在墙上。fix to do [sth] vtr + prep US regional, informal (prepare to do [sth])处理；解决备注: Usually used in continuous tenses.flag [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (signal [sth] to [sb])向某人发送...的信号；向某人传递...的信号Ships use coloured bunting to flag messages to one another.船只用彩旗传递信息。float [sth] to [sb], float [sth] by [sb] vtr + prep (idea: suggest to [sb])向...提出...；向...建议...Ron went to his boss to float an idea by him, but he didn't get a meeting.荣恩去找老板提出一个他自己的主意，但他没有得到会面的机会。flock to [sth] vi + prep figurative (go as a group)成群来到；蜂拥而至As soon as the new restaurant opened, the local community started to flock to it after work.新餐厅一开张，当地人就在下班后蜂拥而至。food to go n US (take-away food)外带食品for a long time to come adv (way into the future)长期，在将来的很长一段时间内Oil spills affect the environment both immediately and for a long time to come.for next to nothing expr (very cheaply)几乎不花钱；很便宜When we were first married, we bought an old couch for next to nothing. At a yard sale you can buy anything you want for next to nothing.我们刚结婚的时候，几乎没花什么钱就买到了一张旧沙发。在庭院拍卖会上，你能很便宜地买到你想要的任何东西。for years to come adv (for a long time into the future)未来几年；今后几年Large balance of payments deficits are expected for years to come.forbear to do [sth], forbear from doing [sth] v expr formal (abstain from [sth])克制不做…Please forbear from touching anything.forbid [sb] from doing [sth], forbid [sb] to do [sth] v expr (command against)禁止...做...；不准...做...John's parents forbade him to spend any more time with his troublesome friends.约翰的父母禁止他再跟他那些爱惹麻烦的朋友们厮混。forbidden to do [sth] expr (person: prohibited)被禁止做, 不得做You are forbidden to ever come to this library again.你不得再次进入这个图书馆。force [sb] to do [sth] v expr (compel, oblige)强迫某人做某事His father forced him to take out the rubbish.他爸强迫他把垃圾拿出去丢掉。force yourself to do [sth] v expr (make yourself do [sth])迫使自己做某事To make progress you have to force yourself to practice every day.force-feed [sth] to [sb] vtr figurative (impose: [sth] on [sb])将…强行灌输给The regime force-fed propaganda to the people.a force to be reckoned with, a power to be reckoned with n ([sth/sb] powerful)不可小觑的力量When Angela gets angry, she is a force to be reckoned with.forget to do [sth] vtr (not remember to act)忘记；遗忘I forgot to wash the clothes.我忘记洗衣服了。usage: ‘forget’The past tense of forget is forgot. The -ed participle is forgotten.If you forget something, or forget about something, you stop thinking about it.Alan, having forgotten his fear, became more confident.Tim forgot about his problems for a few hours.If you have forgotten something that you knew, you can no longer remember it. I have forgotten where it is....a Grand Duke whose name I have forgotten.If you forget something such as a key or an umbrella, you do not remember to take it with you when you go somewhere.Sorry to disturb you – I forgot my key.Be carefulDon't use the verb ‘forget’ to say that you have put something somewhere and left it there. Instead you use the verb leave.I left my bag on the bus.forward [sth] to [sb], forward [sb] [sth] vtr + prep (transmit, retransmit [sth] to [sb])将…转发给Let me forward this email to you.我来把这封邮件转发给你。forward [sth] to [sb], forward [sb] [sth] vtr + prep (mail, letter: send on to [sb])向...转发；向...发送The woman living in my old apartment forwarded all my mail to me.现在住在我旧公寓里的女士把我所有的邮件都转寄给我了。free to do [sth] expr (at liberty)有做某事的自由；做某事的权利The citizens were not free to criticize the government.公民没有批评政府的自由。free to do [sth] adj (person: available to do [sth]) (人)有时间做，有空做Sandra said that she would be free to help us tomorrow.桑德拉说她明天有时间来帮我们。freeze, freeze to death vi figurative (person: get very cold)冻得慌；觉得很冷Kate's friend was taking ages to open the door. "Hurry up," Kate shouted. "Let me in before I freeze!"凯特的朋友花了很长时间还没开门。“快点，”凯特大喊道，“让我进去，我冻得慌。”freeze to death v expr (die of extreme cold)冻死It's so cold out here I think I'm going to freeze to death.friendly to [sb] adj + prep (warm, kind)对…友好；对…和善She was friendly to the new girl, who appreciated her kindness.她对新来的女孩很友好，女孩儿也很感激她的善意。from A to B adv (from one point to another)从A到B地；从一点到另一点地from A to Z adv figurative (covering a whole topic)全面地；彻底地；从头到尾This book will tell you everything you need to know about plumbing from A to Z.这本书将告诉你有关管道工程所需知道的一切。from age to age adv (throughout history)从古至今；世世代代From age to age, the quest to discover has been an imperative of the human race.from beginning to end adv (all the way through)从头到尾；自始至终I read the whole 400-page report from beginning to end.from cover to cover adv (book: all the way through) (读书)从头到尾I read it from cover to cover in one sitting.from dawn to dusk, from dawn till dusk adv (all day long)从早到晚地from day to day adv (between one day and the next)一天又一天；日复一日The weather's very unpredictable here: it changes dramatically from day to day.from end to end adv (in length)从头至尾；从一端到另一端From end to end, an American football field is 100 yards long.美式橄榄球场从头到尾有100码长。from first to last adv (all the way through)自始至终；一直；一贯From first to last the meal was a gourmet delight.from head to foot expr (all over your body)从头到脚；全身It was raining so hard that I was soon drenched from head to foot.from hour to hour adv (between one hour and the next)时时；时时刻刻地When he was first admitted to the hospital his prognosis kept changing from hour to hour.from pillar to post expr figurative (from place to place)东奔西跑；四处奔波from pillar to post expr figurative (from one bad situation to another)四处碰壁；走投无路from place to place adv (itinerantly, around)各地，到处A laptop is very useful when you're going from place to place.from rags to riches expr figurative (from poverty to a life of wealth)从贫到富；从一贫如洗到家财万贯She went from rags to riches in less than two years.她在不到两年的时间里就从贫穷走向了富裕。from side to side adv (movement: back and forth)前前后后；来来回回The boat was rocking from side to side in the rough sea.from side to side adv (measurement: sideways) (测量)从一侧到另一侧，从一边到另一边The room was square, and measured about two metres from side to side.from start to finish adv (all the way through)自始至终，始终He won the race, having been in the lead from start to finish.；from stem to stern expr figurative (throughout all of [sth])从始至终from stem to stern expr (from front to back of ship) (船舰等)从前到后from the cradle to the grave expr (throughout the whole of one's life) (比喻一生)从摇篮到坟墓；从生到死；整个一生He was sickly from the cradle to the grave, but he lived to the age of 102!from time to time adv (now and then, occasionally)不时，时不时；有时；时常I go for a walk in the countryside from time to time.我时不时去乡下散步。from top to bottom adv (highest point to lowest)从顶到底；从最高处到最下面You should apply paint from top to bottom.from top to bottom adv figurative, informal (completely)彻底地；彻头彻尾地The current owners are ruining the football club from top to bottom.frozen to the spot expr figurative (unable to move with fear, shock)愣住；呆住fumble to do [sth] v expr (rummage)搜寻着去；翻找着去She fumbled to find a pen among all the junk in her handbag.她在手提包里的杂物中翻找一支笔。fun to be with adj informal (enjoyable company)有趣的He's fun to be with and a really good friend, but I don't want to marry him.further to [sth] adv + prep UK (following on from)关于，就某事；根据Further to your enquiry, I can confirm that tickets are still available.就您的问题，我可以确认，票尚未售空。fuse [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (melt together)把...和...熔合在一起The machine fused the plastic wrap to the container.机器把塑料包装跟盒子熔合在了一起。gain access to [sth] v expr (get permission to go to a place)可进入；可拜访gain access to [sth] v expr (be allowed to access information, etc.)获得访问权限galvanize [sb] to do [sth], also UK: galvanise [sb] to do [sth] v expr figurative (spur to take action)刺激某人做某事；激励某人做某事Her coworkers' enthusiasm galvanized Nora to finish the project.gateway to [sth] n figurative (to success, etc)通向...的途径；方法；通往...的成功之道Kelly considered higher education to be a gateway to a better life.凯利认为高等教育是通向更好生活的途径。gateway to [sth] n figurative (geography)门户, 门径, 关口, 通道St. Louis is the gateway to the west.圣路易斯是通往西部的门户。gather up courage to do [sth], gather up the courage to do [sth], gather the courage to do [sth] v expr (be brave enough to do [sth])鼓起勇气做某事Jane is gathering up the courage to ask her boss for a pay rise.gear [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep figurative (make suitable for)使…适合You need to gear these advertisements to a younger demographic.你得让这些广告适合更年轻的人群。gear up to do [sth] v expr figurative, informal (mentally: get ready)做好心理准备做某事Palmer is gearing up to play in the Denver Broncos' season opener vs. the Indianapolis Colts.帕尔默正在做好心理准备去参加丹佛野马队对战印第安纳波利斯小马队的赛季首场。germane to [sth] adj formal (relevant to)有关的；相关的The conference organizers won't allow speakers who present topics not germane to the conference theme.get [sb] to do [sth] vtr informal (persuade)说服...做某事；劝导...做某事I got him to give me a pay rise.我说服了他给我加工资。have got to do [sth] vtr informal (must) (非正式用语)必须做某事备注: only in present perfectI have got to leave now.get to do [sth] v expr informal (have the opportunity) (与不定式连用)能够, 有机会I get to go to Paris this summer.今年夏天我能去巴黎了。get close to nature v expr (spend time outdoors)亲近自然，与自然亲密接触Mary loves plants and her job as a botanist allows her to get close to Nature.get down to brass tacks v expr figurative, informal (discuss essentials) (非正式用语)谈实质性问题，切入要提；切入正题Thank you all for coming to this emergency meeting; now, let's get down to brass tacks.get down to business, get down to work v expr (start now)进入正题；言归正传We need to get down to business if we hope to finish this today.get engaged to [sb] vi + adj (promise to marry)跟…订婚After living together for seven years, she finally got engaged to her boyfriend last night.在一起生活七年后，昨晚她终于和男朋友订婚了。get married to [sb] vi (become [sb]'s husband or wife)和…结婚Paul got married to his high school girlfriend.保罗与他高中女朋友结婚了。get next to [sb] v expr US, figurative, informal (get into [sb]'s favor)讨好；获得...的青睐get ready to do [sth] v expr (prepare to do [sth])做好准备做I'm getting ready to run a marathon.我正在做好准备跑马拉松。get round to [sth], get around to [sth] v expr (find time for)为…抽出时间I didn't get round to any of the tasks on my to-do list today.我今天无法抽出时间来做我待办事项清单上的任何事情。get round to doing [sth], get around to doing [sth] v expr (find time to do)抽时间做；抽空做This wall is so grubby; I must get round to repainting it.这面墙真脏。我必须抽时间将它重新粉刷一下。get to [sth/sb] vi + prep (reach, arrive)到达；抵达John got to Cambridge at about five o'clock.约翰大概五点钟到达剑桥。get to doing [sth] vi + prep slang (start: doing)开始When he failed to call me yet again, I got to wondering if he was having an affair.他又没给我打电话，我开始怀疑他是否有外遇。get to [sb] vi + prep slang (bother)打扰；影响到His incessant whistling really gets to me.他不停地吹口哨真让我心烦。get to do [sth] v expr informal (have opportunity to do or be)可以；能Now it's the weekend, I finally get to relax!现在是周末了，我终于可以放松了！get to know [sb] v expr (become familiar with)认识；逐渐熟悉；逐渐了解；更多地了解I need to get to know you before we start a business together. I would like to get to know you better.我们一起共同创业之前，我需要更多地了解你。我想要多了解了解你。get to know one another v expr (become better acquainted)互相了解；彼此熟悉The two men got to know each other while they were both at college.get to the bottom of [sth] v expr figurative, informal (solve [sth])弄清，弄清楚Nobody will be allowed to go home until we get to the bottom of this and discover who gave the order to sell the shares.get to the point, come to the point v expr informal (speak directly)谈到正题；说到要害It took Natalie a long time to get to the point.Get to the point! interj informal (say what you mean)别绕圈子！有话直说！Get to the point! We haven't got all day, you know.get used to doing [sth] v expr (develop habit)适应；习惯You will soon get used to working the night shift.你很快就会习惯上夜班的。get used to [sth] v expr (no longer be bothered by [sth])适应；习惯I eventually got used to the constant noise.我终于适应了持续不断的噪音。get wise to [sth] v expr (discover a scheme or secret)发现，察觉give [sth] to [sb] vtr (hand, pass: [sth] to [sb])把…给予；把…交给；递给Can you give that book to me?你能把那本书给我吗？give [sth] to [sth], give [sth] for [sth] vtr (donate)将...捐赠给；捐出...给He gave his heart and lungs to science.give [sth] to [sb] vtr (inflict)使...遭受；使...承受He gave detention to the whole class.give [sth] to [sth], give [sth] for [sth] vtr (devote)将...奉献给；向...付出；为了...牺牲She gave her life to the human rights movement.give a boost to [sth/sb], give [sth/sb] a boost v expr (assist, encourage)促进，推进；激励The advertisement gave a boost to the company's sales.give [sb] a hand, give a hand to [sb] v expr informal (applaud)给...献上掌声；为...鼓掌Let's give a big hand to our next act.give [sb] a handout, give a handout to [sb], also UK: give [sb] a hand-out, give a hand-out to [sb] v expr (give financial aid)提供资金援助give [sb] a heads-up, give [sb] a heads up, give a heads-up to [sb], give a heads up to [sb] v expr informal (inform, warn [sb])提前通知；警告give [sb] a helping hand, give a helping hand to [sb] v expr (assist, help)帮助；援助；协助You should give a helping hand to the needy.give [sb] a leg to stand on expr figurative (support [sb]'s claim)帮某人佐证；帮某人证明；为某人从旁佐证give [sb] a leg up, give a leg up to [sb] v expr (lift [sb])帮忙将某人抬起来；帮忙托举某人give [sb] a leg up, give a leg up to [sb] v expr figurative, informal (give [sb] an advantage)给某人优势；帮某人获得优势give a piggyback, give a piggyback to [sb], give [sb] a piggyback v expr informal (carry [sb] on your back)背着；背在肩上My ankle hurts - please give me a piggyback.give [sb] a raise, give a raise to [sb] (US), give [sb] a rise, give a rise to [sb] (UK) v expr informal (increase [sb]'s pay)给…加薪，给…涨工资give [sb] a ride, give a ride to [sb] (US), give [sb] a lift, give a lift to [sb] (UK) v expr informal (take in car)送…；让…搭车I'll give you a ride to the airport.give a second thought to [sth/sb], give [sth/sb] a second thought v expr informal (consideration)再次考虑；再三思量备注: Often used in the negative.Most people don't give a second thought to the problems of the homeless.give [sb] a shout-out, give a shout-out to [sb] v expr informal (acknowledge by name)公开向某人致意；对某人表示感谢During his speech, the student gave a shout-out to the teachers who had encouraged him.give a wide berth to [sb/sth], give [sb/sth] a wide berth v expr figurative (keep away from)避开；保持距离give aid to [sb/sth] v expr (provide charity)捐款；捐赠（物品）Some criminals ease their conscience by giving aid to the poor.give [sb/sth] airtime, give airtime to [sb/sth] v expr (TV, radio: publicize) (电视台)播放，播映； (电台)广播give birth to [sb] v expr (woman: to baby) (人)生（孩子）Emily gave birth to twin girls last Saturday.上周六，艾米丽生了一对双胞胎女婴。give birth to [sth] v expr (animal: to young) (动物)产仔Labradors usually give birth to between six and eight puppies.拉布拉多犬通常会生下六到八只小狗。give birth to [sth] v expr figurative (create, bring about)催生；开创Henry Ford gave birth to the automotive industry.亨利·福特开创了汽车行业。give [sb] comfort, give comfort to [sb] vtr + n (console, reassure)安慰；安抚Religion often gives comfort to people in times of trouble.give credence to [sth] v expr (accept as the truth)相信；给予…以信任You can't possibly give credence to the word of a man who's a notorious liar!你怎么可能相信一个臭名昭著的骗子所说的话！give credit to [sb] for [sth], give credit to [sb] for doing [sth] v expr (acknowledge)为…而称赞某人Many commentators have given credit to Karzai for leading the country to recovery.give encouragement to [sb] v expr (offer moral support, cheer [sb] on)鼓励；激励Mary always gives encouragement to her students.give information to [sb] vtr (guide, advise)给…指导；给…建议The doctor gave information about the outbreak to all the patients who came to see him.give information to [sb] vtr (tell: the police) (警察)向...提供信息Anyone who can give information to the police on the recent robberies, please contact us right away.give it to [sb] v expr slang (reprimand, punish)谴责；责难give life to [sth] vtr (enliven)赋予…生机；赋予…活力He provides just enough description to give life to his characters.他的描写恰到好处，让他笔下的人物栩栩如生。give life to [sb] vtr (give birth to)给予...生命；生下give meaning to [sth], give [sth] meaning v expr (make [sth] significant)赋予...意义When a student tells me how I helped him in life, it gives meaning to everything I do.give [sb] pause to do [sth] v expr (make you stop, think)使某人停下来做某事Samantha's death has given us all pause to reflect on what is important in life.give [sb] permission to do [sth] v expr (allow [sb] to do [sth])同意某人做某事give permission to do [sth] v expr (allow [sb] to do [sth])许可做某事；准予做某事give prominence to [sth] vtr (stress, highlight)强调；突出When writing your CV, always give prominence to your strengths and minimize your weak points.give rise to [sth] v expr (cause)引起；导致；造成The lack of food gave rise to riots.食物的短缺引起暴乱。give [sb] short shrift, give short shrift to [sb] v expr (deal curtly with)怠慢；轻慢give support to [sb], lend support to [sb] v expr (help, assist [sb])支持，支援；帮助，协助give support to [sth], lend support to [sth] v expr (back, assist [sth])给予支持；帮助They asked me to give support to a cause I don't believe in.give the finger to [sb], give [sb] the finger v expr (make offensive middle-finger gesture)对...竖中指；向...比中指give the finger to [sb], give [sb] the finger v expr figurative (defy [sb], be disrespectful)叛逆；反抗； (表示不尊)对...竖中指Punk rock has always been about giving the finger to those in authority.give [sb] the glad hand, give the glad hand to [sb] v expr informal (greet insincerely)真诚问候；诚心问候；诚意问候give [sb] the go-ahead, give the go-ahead to [sb] v expr informal (authorize [sb] to do [sth])批准；向...授予许可give the lie to [sth] v expr (prove untrue)证伪；证明...的虚假give [sb] the slip, give the slip to [sb] v expr (escape from [sb] following you)甩掉；摆脱give thought to [sth], give [sth] thought v expr (consider)思索；思考；考虑…Before planting a tree you need to give thought to what is suitable for your garden.give way to [sth/sb] v expr (driving: yield to, give priority to) (驾驶中)给…让路When driving in the UK, remember to give way to traffic on your right.在英国开车时，请记得给右边的车辆让道。give way to [sb/sth] v expr (give in to: [sb], [sth])对…屈服；对…让步Adrian pestered me so much about going to the party that eventually I gave way to him.艾德里安老是缠着我要我去参加那个派对，最后我还是不得不答应他了。given to doing [sth] adj (tending to do)愿意做某事的；想要做某事的She is much given to staying out late.她很想要在外面玩到很晚。glom onto [sth], glom on to [sth] vi + prep US, informal (take possession of)占据，获得glory be to God interj (used to praise Christian god)荣耀归于我主；荣耀归于上帝The men have all returned home safely. Glory be to God!glory to God interj (praising Christian god)荣耀归于神Glory to God in the highest!glue [sth] to [sth], glue [sth] onto [sth] vtr + prep (attach with glue)用胶或胶水把...粘在...上Tim glued the wallpaper onto the wall.蒂姆把墙纸粘到了墙上。glued to [sth] adj + prep (attached with adhesive)粘在一起的I can't pick this folder up; it's glued to the desk!glued to [sth] adj + prep figurative (person, eyes: watching obsessively)盯着看的The man's gaze was glued to the joggers.那男人的目光紧紧盯着慢跑的人。glued to [sb] adj + prep figurative (dependent, attached)粘着别人的, 形影不离的Heather and Jamie are friends, but it's like Jamie is glued to Heather; she can't do anything by herself.希瑟和杰米是朋友，但杰米就好像就粘着希瑟。她自己无法做任何事情。go to [sth] vi + prep (proceed to, head for)前往；去往I'm going to London this summer.Anne went to Italy for her holiday last year.Robert goes to the market every Saturday morning.今年夏天我准备去伦敦。安妮去年去意大利度的假。罗伯特每个周六早晨都会去集市。go to [sth] vi + prep (lead to)通向；通到These stairs go to the attic.这些楼梯通向阁楼。be going to do [sth] v aux (future)将要；打算；准备Jake is going to clean the bathroom later.杰克打算晚些再打扫浴室。go to [sth], go on [sth] vi + prep (be allotted)用于；用来A quarter of their income goes to food.go to [sb] vi + prep (pass to [sb] in a will)以遗产方式留给His house went to the elder son, its contents to the younger.go to [sb/sth] vi + prep (be awarded to) (奖品等)被授予，归于And the Oscar goes to Steve McQueen!奥斯卡奖得主是史蒂夫·麦奎因！go to do [sth] v expr (make a move to do)去做Jake went to brush a stray hair from Leah's cheek, but at that moment she turned away.杰克正要把滑落在利亚脸上的一根头发拂开，但就在那一刻，利亚转过身去。go a long way, go a long way to do [sth] expr (be helpful)对…大有帮助，对…很有帮助The man's generous donation will go a long way to help build homes for needy families.go all out to do [sth] v expr informal (make a full effort)竭尽全力，全力以赴；绞尽脑汁，殚精竭虑George went all out to impress his girlfriend.go and get [sth/sb] v expr informal (fetch)去卖；去获得；去弄到Dan asked his son to go and get some milk from the local supermarket.go back to doing [sth] v expr (revert to doing [sth]) (恶习等)再度，重新开始，故态复萌Sheila went back to using drugs.席拉重新开始吸毒。go back to bed v expr (return to bed)躺回床上When I saw it was raining outside I decided to go back to bed.我看到外面在下雨，因此我决定回去睡觉。go cap in hand to [sb] v expr figurative (beg, ask for [sth])乞求某人；央求某人go from bad to worse v expr informal (worsen)越来越坏；越来越差Since I bought that self-help book my life's gone from bad to worse.go head to head v expr正面交锋；针尖对麦芒The winners of the heats went head to head in the final.go on to do [sth] v expr (do subsequently)随后做某事；后来做某事；接着做某事Having acted in movies for thirty years, he went on to direct them.演了30年电影后，他继续从事导演工作。go on to do [sth] v expr (do [sth] next)继续做另一件事；接着做下一件事go to a lot of trouble to do [sth] v expr (make a special effort to)花很多精力做某事；投入许多努力做某事I went to a lot of trouble to prepare a special dinner.go to an early grave v expr (die young)夭折；年纪轻轻地死去Callum is going to an early grave if he doesn't adopt a healthier lifestyle.go to bat for [sb] v expr informal, figurative (show support)支持…go to bed v expr (retire at night)上床睡觉It's past midnight and time for me to go to bed.午夜已过，到我上床睡觉的时间了。go to church v expr (attend religious services)去教堂；做礼拜David goes to church with his family every Sunday morning.go to extremes v expr (do [sth] drastic)走极端；铤而走险Top athletes are prepared to go to extremes to achieve success.go to get [sth/sb] v expr (fetch)去拿；去取回go to ground, run to ground v expr figurative (hide, be reclusive)躲藏起来，躲起来，藏起来Go to hell! interj potentially offensive (strong dismissal)下地狱Go to hell! You disgust me!go to it v expr informal (begin, get to work)开动；开工；动手go to jail v expr (be sent to prison)进监狱；蹲大牢go to pieces v expr figurative (lose composure) (情感、精神)崩溃，垮掉She went to pieces when her only child died.go to pieces, fall to pieces v expr figurative (lose health) (身体)崩溃，垮掉Alvin's health went to pieces as a result of his alcoholism.go to pieces v expr figurative (stop functioning) (电脑系统等)崩溃，坏掉One of the computers crashed and the whole system went to pieces.go to pot v expr slang (decline, deteriorate) (俚语)衰落，衰败I used to exercise but I'm afraid I've gone to pot since the baby was born.go to press v expr (be published)出版，发表；付印go to print v expr (be reproduced for publication)印刷；进入印刷阶段The book is ready to go to print.go to school v expr (attend classes)上学Children start going to school at age 5.孩子们5岁开始上学。go to seed, run to seed v expr slang, figurative (decline, deteriorate)衰落, 衰败, 走下坡路He was once a great actor but rather went to seed in middle age.他曾经是一个出色的演员，但到了中年开始走下坡路。go to seed, run to seed v expr (plant: produce seed and dry up)花谢结籽Prevent flowering plants from going to seed by removing the dead flower heads.摘除枯死的花头能阻止开花植物结籽。go to show [sth] v expr (serve to illustrate)说明；表明That just goes to show that you can't trust anyone.go to sleep v expr (fall asleep, lose consciousness)睡觉；睡着；入睡I can't go to sleep with all this noise going on.伴着这些噪音，我无法入睡。go to sleep v expr (limb: become numb)失去知觉；麻木I've been sitting in this position for so long, my legs have gone to sleep.我保持这个姿势坐太久了，腿都麻木了。go to the bathroom, use the bathroom v expr US (use the toilet)去卫生间；上厕所To avoid extra stops, I always tell the children to go to the bathroom before starting a long trip in the car.go to the devil v expr informal (fail completely, be ruined)彻底完蛋；彻底失败；彻底毁灭go to the devil v expr informal (person: become depraved)完全疯狂；失心疯go to the devil interj informal, potentially offensive (expletive: disgust, rejection) (可能有冒犯性)下地狱吧；去死吧go to the dogs v expr figurative (become much less successful)大不如前；每况愈下go to the mat v expr (argue intensely)吵得不可开交go to the movies v expr mainly US, informal (go to the cinema)去看电影Tony wants to go to the movies this evening.go to the restroom v expr US (use the toilet)去卫生间；上厕所I need to go to the restroom.go to the wall v expr (business: fail) (指生意)失败go to the wall for [sth] v expr (stand up for [sth] at all cost to yourself)为了...不计一切代价go to town v expr figurative (do [sth] lavishly, extravagantly)寻欢作乐，尽情享乐，大把花钱Wow! Look at all this food - you've really gone to town!go to war v expr (engage in warfare)卷入战争；开战Britain went to war against Germany in 1914.go to war v expr (leave for battlefront)参战The exhibition highlights how many young men went to war from Wells and the surrounding villages.go to waste v expr (not be used)浪费掉A new study has found that 50 per cent of the world's food goes to waste.go to work v expr (travel to workplace) (本义)去工作场所，去上班I prefer to go to work early before the traffic gets heavy.go to work on [sth] v expr figurative, informal (do [sth] thoroughly)全心投入地做，非常细致地做The artist has really gone to work on this mural; it's huge and very detailed.go to [sb]'s head v expr figurative, slang (make egotistical)冲昏了…的头脑His one hit record went to his head, and now he is impossible to live with.go to [sb]'s head, go straight to [sb]'s head v expr (make drunk) (酒)让…上头，使喝醉That glass of wine has gone straight to my head!go up to [sb/sth] v expr (approach, accost)靠近；接近Don't be shy, just go up to him and say hi!go up to [sth] v expr (reach as high as)上升至；长及I want some boots that go up to my knees.go-to adj informal (person, thing: dependable)必备的；必需的go-to adj informal (destination: popular) (目的地)广受欢迎的；热门的go-to n informal (dependable person or thing)必需的人；必备的东西goad [sb] to do [sth] v expr (prompt, spur to do)促使The sudden decline in sales goaded the manager to take action.be good to [sb] v expr (be kind toward [sb])对...好；对待...好My daughter is good to me; she comes to visit every Sunday and brings cake.我女儿对我很好，每周日都来看我，还带蛋糕来。Good day to you! interj formal (salutation)日安"Good day to you!" shouted Jenkins from across the street.“日安！”詹金斯从街道对面喊道。good riddance to bad rubbish expr UK, informal (relief at being rid of [sb], [sth])总算摆脱了；总算脱身了good to eat adj (tasty, delicious)好吃的；美味的Fresh strawberries are good to eat.good to go adj slang (ready, prepared)准备好了，准备就绪了Backpack, spare socks, first-aid kit, water bottles -- okay, I'm good to go.good to know adj (reassuring)让人安心There are no sharks in this ocean. That's good to know!good to see you expr (happy to meet you again)见到你很高兴got to go interj informal (I must leave now) (非正式用语)我得走了，该走了Sorry, got to go: my taxi's here.gotta, got to v expr informal (got to) (俚语)必须We've gotta get outta here!我们必须离开这里！；gravitate to [sb/sth], gravitate toward [sth/sb], gravitate towards [sth/sb] vi + prep figurative (be drawn or attracted)被吸引Many people gravitate to Chris because of his charisma. Crocodiles naturally gravitate towards water.许多人被克里斯吸引，因为他很有魅力。鳄鱼天生与水亲近。grieve [sb] to do [sth] v expr formal (cause [sb] sorrow)做…使…痛心（悲伤）It grieves me to tell you this terrible news.告诉你这个可怕的坏消息，使我十分痛心。grist to the mill, grist to [sb]'s mill n figurative (fuel, fodder)有用之物；对...有用之物备注: 原指一种可以研磨为面粉的谷物groove to [sth], groove on [sth] vi + prep figurative, dated, slang (enjoy: music, etc.)享受The teenager walked down the street, grooving to the beat of whatever was playing on his mp3 player.这个少年一边走在街上，一边享受着他MP3里播放的音乐。groove to [sth] vi + prep slang, dated (enjoy: music) (过时，俚语)享受；聆听grow to do [sth] vi + prep (feel after time)慢慢开始；逐渐开始He grew to appreciate her presence.他慢慢开始欣赏她的存在。grow to like [sth/sb] v expr (appreciate after time)慢慢喜欢；逐渐爱上Mangoes didn't appeal to me at first, but I've grown to like them.habituate [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep formal (accustom: to [sth])使…习惯于；对…习惯The animal trainer was working to habituate wild horses to people.驯兽师正在努力让野马习惯于与人相处。hand [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (pass, give: [sth] to [sb])把…递给；把…拿给Please hand this form to your parents.请把这张表格拿给你的父母。hand [sth] over to [sb] v expr (object: give, relinquish to [sb])把…交给Jackson claimed that he had intended to hand the gun over to the police the next day.杰克逊称他原打算第二天把枪交给警察。hand [sth/sb] over to [sb], hand over [sth/sb] to [sb] v expr figurative (territory, child: surrender to [sb])把…移交Spain agreed to hand over the territory to Morocco.西班牙同意将这片领土移交给摩洛哥。hand-to-mouth adj figurative (meeting only immediate needs)仅够糊口的备注: Hyphens are used when the term is an adjectiveSince being fired from his job, he has had to live a hand-to-mouth existence.hand to mouth adv figurative (meeting only immediate needs)仅够糊口地Since Mary was fired from her job, she has struggled through life hand to mouth.自从玛丽被解雇后，她仅能勉强度日。hand-to-hand adj (close-up, taking place at close quarters)逼近的；非常接近的；短兵相接的Even with modern weapons, soldiers still need to learn hand-to-hand combat skills.hand-to-hand, hand to hand adv (at close quarters, up close)逼近地；非常接近地The Vikings were experts in fighting hand-to-hand.hand-to-hand combat n (war: fighting at close quarters)近身格斗；肉搏The martial arts will train you in hand-to-hand combat.hang [sth] to dry v expr (suspend [sth] wet until it dries)悬挂晾干；自然晾干I'll hang my towel to dry in the sun.happen to [sb] vi + prep (befall)发生在...身上；降临在...身上Getting this job was the best thing that's ever happened to me.找到这份工作是发生在我身上的最棒的事。happen to [sb/sth] vi + prep (become of)…怎么了What happened to that book I lent you?我借你的那本书怎么了？happen to do [sth] v expr (chance to)正好做某事, 碰巧做某事Did you happen to see my keys?你有没有碰巧看到我的钥匙？happen to be v expr (be by any chance)碰巧；恰巧；正巧Would that happen to be the book I've been searching for?happy to do [sth] expr (willing to do)乐于做某事；乐意做某事If you're hungry, I'm happy to fix you a snack.如果你饿了，我很乐意为你准备一份零食。hard to do [sth] expr (difficult to do)很难；非常艰难This book is hard to understand.be hard put to do [sth] v expr (have difficulty doing [sth])难以做某事hard to avoid adj (found or seen everywhere)难以避免的Those advertisements are hard to avoid; we see them on any page with Google ads.hard to believe adj (not credible)令人难以置信的It's hard to believe that this was once all open fields.hard to come by adj (rare, difficult to find)稀有的，难找到的，难得到的First editions of the book are hard to come by.hard to find, hard-to-find adj (rare, elusive)难得的备注: hyphens used when term is an adjective before a nounFirst editions of this book are really hard to find.hard to find, hard-to-find adj (difficult to locate)难找的备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective comes before the noun it modifies.hard to gauge adj (difficult to measure or judge)难以衡量的；难以评判的Because it is hard to gauge the depth of the water, it is dangerous to dive in.hard to please adj (fussy, not easily satisfied)难以取悦的；挑剔苛刻的My boss has very high expectations of our work and as a result is very hard to please.hard to say adj (not easy to determine)难说的；难下结论的It's hard to say who will win this year's World Cup.hard to understand adj (not reasonable)难以理解的；难懂的His motives are hard to understand.hard to wear adj US, figurative (person: not easy to tolerate)难以忍受的；很难相处的be hard-pressed to do [sth], be hard pressed to do [sth], also US: be hardpressed to do [sth] v expr (finding [sth] difficult)难以做到某事；很难做某事I would be hard-pressed to tell you the capital of Azerbaijan if you asked me.你要问我阿塞拜疆的首都是哪里，我很难说上来。be hard-pushed to do [sth] v expr (find it difficult to do [sth])境况不佳的，处于困境的harden [sb] to [sth] vtr figurative (desensitize to [sth])使...对...麻木；使...对...感觉迟钝Working as a paramedic for thirty years didn't harden Josh to witnessing pain and death.hasten to do [sth] v expr (hurry)急忙做，赶紧做，赶忙做Jenna hastened to finish her work.珍娜赶忙完成自己的工作。hasten to add v expr (say to reassure)赶忙补充说That was a joke, I hasten to add.hate to do [sth] v expr (be unwilling)不愿意做某事，不情愿做某事，不想做某事I hate to have to tell you this, but she's gone.我真不愿意告诉你，但她已经走了。have to do [sth] v expr (must) (助动词)必须, 不得不, 只好I have to finish my homework.我必须完成家庭作业。have a bone to pick with [sb] v expr figurative, informal (want to reprimand)对...有意见；对...不满I have a bone to pick with you! Did you forget to feed the cat?have a good mind to do [sth] v expr informal (be tempted, inclined to do)想要做某事；倾向于做某事not have a leg to stand on v expr figurative (have no support for a claim, etc.)没有立足依据；没有扎实根据have a lot to do with [sth] v expr (be due to)与…大有干系His success has a lot to do with his father's business connections.have a lot to say about v expr (openly share one's opinions on)关于…有许多话要说As a working mother, she has a lot to say about childcare facilities and unpaid, unscheduled overtime.have a mind to do [sth] v expr (think about doing)想要做某事I have a mind to tell your parents about what you've been doing.have a right to [sth] v expr (be entitled to [sth])有权做某事；有权拥有某物You have a right to representation by a lawyer.I'm going to say whatever I want to; I have a right to free speech.你有权请律师为自己辩护。我想说什么就说什么，我有言论自由。have a right to do [sth], have the right to do [sth] v expr (be entitled to do [sth])有权利做某事have a score to settle v expr figurative, informal (plan to take revenge) (指复仇等)有账要算Bruce has a score to settle with Joe because he thinks Joe stole some of his money.have a tendency to do [sth] v expr (do [sth] habitually)倾向于；习惯于；喜欢Be careful of the dog- she has a tendency to steal food from your plate.have an ax to grind (US), have an axe to grind (UK) v expr figurative (have an agenda)另有企图；另有打算；有不可告人的目的have better things to do v expr (find [sth] a waste of time)有更好的事情要做I have better things to do than play golf all day.I have better things to do than to argue with you.have got to do [sth] v expr (must)必须要…I have got to get out of this place.have had it up to here v expr figurative, informal (be exasperated)受够了have had it up to here with [sth/sb], be up to here with [sth/sb] v expr figurative, informal (be exasperated)对...受够了；对...很反感I've had it up to here with all your excuses!have half a mind to do [sth] v expr figurative, informal (be tempted to do)想要做某事；受...的吸引have it coming, have it coming to you v expr informal (deserve bad outcome)罪有应得；活该When Gina was expelled from school, everyone said she'd had it coming.have little to say v expr (speak little)没什么话说His teacher had little to say about the incident.have means to do [sth], have the means to do [sth] v expr (have resources to)有办法I have the means to make you talk, Mr. Bond!我有办法让你开口，邦德先生！have money to burn v expr figurative (have more money than you need)有花不完的钱；够挥霍的钱have no chance to do [sth] v expr (not have opportunity)没有做…的机会The swimming pool looked nice, but we had no chance to use it.have no choice but to do [sth] v expr (not have alternative)别无选择只能...We have no choice but to think that you acted irresponsibly.have no objection to [sth] v expr (not be opposed)不反对...I have no objection to your suggestion.have no plan to do [sth], have no plans to do [sth] v expr (lack intent, organization)毫无计划Bachmann said that she has no plan to launch another presidential campaign.have no plans to do [sth] v expr (not intend)不打算做某事have no right to do [sth] v expr (not be entitled)无权做某事；没有资格做某事You have no right to complain about the situation.have nothing to do v expr (be idle)无所事事；无事可做have nothing to lose v expr (risk nothing)不会有任何损失You have nothing to lose by applying to the university.have nothing to prove v expr (not need to justify)不需要证明什么have other fish to fry v expr figurative (have [sth] else to do)有更好的事要做I can't wait around here, I've other fish to fry.have other things to do v expr (be busy already)另有要务；有更好的事要做I can't make it to the movies; I have other things to do.have recourse to [sth] v expr (access to [sth] for help)依靠；依赖He doesn't have to worry about the police because he has recourse to his father's great wealth.have the audacity to do [sth] v expr (be so bold as to)有胆量做…；鲁莽行事；厚颜无耻地…He had the audacity to question his superior's motives.have the gall to do [sth] v expr figurative, slang (be bold enough)厚着脸皮做, 居然有脸做Not only did Emily not pay me back the $20 she owes me, she had the gall to ask if I would lend her another $10. He had the gall to ask whether I was over eighteen.艾米丽不仅没有把欠我的20美元还给我，竟然还厚颜无耻地问我能否再借给她10美元。他竟厚着脸皮地问我是否已满18岁。have the guts to do [sth] v expr slang, figurative (be brave enough)有胆；有种Do you have the guts to tell him the truth?have the heart to do [sth] v expr (be brave or callous enough to do)有勇气做某事；舍得做某事备注: Usually used in negative sentences, and where there is doubt.I don't have the heart to tell the children that their hamster died. Do you have the heart to refuse her?have the right to do [sth] v expr (be entitled to do [sth])有权..., 有资格...We have the right to be here. You can't make us leave.have the wherewithal to do [sth] v expr (have the means)有钱做...That school is very expensive; I don't have the wherewithal to pay the tuition.have time to kill v expr (have spare time)有闲；有空闲时间have to v aux (be obliged to) (强调主观意愿)必须，不得不I have to finish my essay tonight. I have to get the train in 20 minutes.今晚我必须完成论文。我必须在20分钟内赶上那趟火车。have to answer for [sth] v expr (take blame)必须对…负责；必须为…承担后果Come the next election, the Government will have to answer for its economic mistakes.have to do with [sth] v expr (involve)与…有关The Commission can investigate matters that have to do with members of police force.have to do with [sth] v expr (be related) (指事)与...有关，与...相关Researchers have discovered that much of the risk of having ADHD has to do with genes.have to do with [sb] v expr (concern) (指人)跟...有关，涉及到The last set of questions has to do with you and your household.have to go vi (be obliged to leave) (不是出自本意但不得不做)得走了，必须要走了，必须去It's very late; I'll have to go.have [sth] to hand v expr (have [sth] within easy reach)触手可及have to hand it to [sb/sth] v expr informal (must credit, must concede [sth] to) (非正式用语)称赞，给…肯定You have to hand it to the team: they may have lost their last ten matches, but they have never stopped trying!have [sth] to spare v expr (have plenty of [sth])有...的盈余；有多余的某物have your back to the wall v expr figurative (be in a difficult situation)被逼到墙角；陷入绝境have your ear to the ground, keep your ear to the ground v expr figurative (be well-informed)随时掌握动向；密切关注情况hazardous to the health adj (dangerous, risky)对健康有害的Swimming after eating can be hazardous to the health.head-to-head adj (contest: between two people)针锋相对的；相互较量的head to head adv (in direct opposition)针锋相对地；正面冲突地；直接对抗地hearken to [sth], harken to [sth] vi + prep archaic, literary (listen to, pay attention to) (古语，书面语)听从，倾听，注意，留意Had I but hearkened to my mother's counsel, I should not now find myself in this wretched condition.；heart-to-heart n (frank discussion)坦诚的谈话；推心置腹的讨论heart-to-heart talk n (sincere, frank discussion)谈心；坦诚地交谈You need to have a heart-to-heart talk with your son, or he'll soon be in trouble with the police.heartily recommend [sth] to [sb] adv + vtr (suggest enthusiastically)由衷地向...推荐...I would heartily recommend this book to anyone interested in Italian cookery.helicopter [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (transport in a helicopter)用直升机运送The president was helicoptered in to the ceremony.help [sb] do [sth], help [sb] to do [sth] v expr (assist in doing)帮助某人做某事Paul helped me start my car. I helped an elderly lady to cross the road.保罗帮助我发动车子。我帮助一位老妇人过马路。help [sth], help [sth] to do [sth] vtr (facilitate)使改善；使好转Fibre helps digestion.纤维有助于消化。help [sb] decide, help [sb] to decide v expr (assist in deciding)有助于作出…决定；帮助…做决定To help you decide between the options, list the pros and cons of each.help yourself to [sth] v expr (serve yourself)自己拿；自己取Help yourself to more cake.再吃点蛋糕。help yourself to [sth] v expr (take without asking)自己拿；自己取She helped herself to the office stationery.她自己拿了办公文具。Here's to [sth/sb]! interj informal (toast)为...干杯Here's to you! interj informal (toast) (祝酒词)敬你，为你干杯Cheers, here's to you!hesitate to do [sth] v expr (be hesitant)对做某事很犹豫，对做某事迟疑不决Jeff hesitated to do anything that might offend anyone.对于可能冒犯任何人的任何事，杰夫都会犹豫不决。highway to [sth] n figurative (route to [sth]) (比喻)康庄大道，首要途径；大道，大路The preacher shouted, "Those sinners are riding on the highway to hell!"传教士喊道：“那些罪人正大步走在通往地狱的大道上！”hip to [sth] adj slang (aware, informed)知道的；了解的Don't worry, Stacy is hip to the situation.别担心，史黛西是了解情况的。hip [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep slang (inform [sb] about [sth])告诉某人某事His sister first hipped him to the Beatles.他姐姐第一个告诉他甲壳虫乐队的事。hit close to home v expr figurative (affect [sb] personally)说到痛处；感同身受Even though he wasn't talking about me, the speaker's comments about being sympathetic to your children hit close to home.hitch [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (hook, attach)把...套在...上；把...挂在...上The driver hitched the horse to the carriage.车夫把马套在马车上。hitch [sth] up to [sth] v expr (animal: fasten to [sth]) (牲畜)把...套在车上He hitched his horse up to the post and went into the saloon for some whiskey.hold a candle to [sb/sth] v expr figurative (be as good)能与…相比, 可与…相提并论备注: Used in the negative, in questions and where there is doubtAs a songwriter, George Harrison couldn't hold a candle to Paul McCartney.hold a mirror up to [sth] v expr figurative (reveal [sth] as it truly is)用镜子映照；揭开...的本色hold [sb] to ransom v expr (blackmail, force to pay)要挟...付赎金hold [sb] to ransom v expr figurative (force into doing [sth])逼迫某人做某事home to expr (place [sb/sth] is based)…的所在地North Carolina is home to many companies, including Bank of America.Honest to God!, Honest to goodness! interj informal (really, truthfully)对天发誓；对上帝起誓honest-to-God adj informal (real, true)真正的，真实的honest-to-goodness adj informal (straightforward, plain)实实在在的, 朴素的hope to God, hope to God that v expr (hope sincerely)对上帝的希望；真心希望Tim hoped to God the Wifi was working in the hostel. I hope to God that Anna will forgive me.蒂姆真心希望青年旅社的无线网能正常工作。我真心希望安娜会原谅我。house-to-house adj (at or to every home)挨家挨户的，逐户的，逐门逐户的house-to-house, house to house adv (from one home to another)挨家挨户地，逐户地，逐门逐户地The police are making enquiries house-to-house.how-to n informal (instructional guide) (非正式用语)入门指南This is more of a how-to than a full explanation of the principles involved.how-to book n (instructional book, manual)指南I wanted to save money and service my own car so I bought a how-to book on car mechanics.hurry to do [sth] v expr (make haste)匆忙做某事He hurried to clean his apartment before his date arrived.约会对象来之前，他匆忙地打扫了公寓。husband-to-be n (man: fiancé)未婚夫Joan refuses to move in with her husband-to-be until they are married.husband-to-be n (man who is to be married)准丈夫hyperlink [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (turn into an internet link)把...超链接到...Make sure you hyperlink the text to any website you mention.I have to v aux (I must, I am obliged to)我不得不，我必须I have to go now, or I'll miss my train. I don't want to go but I have to.我必须走了，不然就要错过我的火车了。我不想去，不过没办法，我不得不去。I look forward to hearing from you expr written, slightly formal (application, request: signing off) (申请、请求：落款，书面)期待收到您的回复Thank you for your attention, and I look forward to hearing from you soon.I look forward to your reply expr written, slightly formal (application, request: signing off)期待您的回复；期待收到您的答复Thank you for your consideration, and I look forward to your reply.I'd love to interj (enthusiastic yes)我愿意；我非常乐意"Would you like to go out for a drink?" "I'd love to."identical to [sth] adj + prep (exactly the same as)与...完全一样的I tried to get into a car that was identical to mine.if worst comes to worst, if the worst comes to the worst expr (if the worst happens)如果发生最坏的情况；如果发生最差的情况备注: "If worst comes to worst" is more common in US English, and "if the worst comes to the worst" is more common in UK English.ill afford [sth], ill afford to do [sth] v expr (not be permitted the luxury of [sth])负担不起；承担不起备注: "Afford" in this sense usually follows a derivative of "can."Bill's dire financial situation meant he could ill afford a vacation.immune to [sth] adj + prep (resistant: to disease)免疫的Some people seem to be immune to stomach flu.immune to [sth] adj + prep figurative (not sensitive: to [sth])无响应的；无反应的；不受…影响的I'm immune to your efforts to make me feel guilty.你想让我感到内疚的行为并未对我产生影响。immune to doing [sth] expr (not sensitive: to [sth])不敏感He was born with a rare condition which made him immune to feeling pain.impart [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (knowledge: share with [sb])传授Elena is able to impart knowledge to her students in a fun and interesting way.impart [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (secret: tell [sb])告诉Jenny refused to impart the secret to anyone.impatient to do [sth] adj (anxious, eager)迫切的；迫不及待的；焦急的We're impatient to learn if our application has been accepted.我们迫不及待想知道申请是否已被通过。impel [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (incite to)驱使某人做某事；驱使某人变得The sight of such injustice impelled Kirsty to anger.impel [sb] to do [sth] v expr (incite: to take action)促使Harvey was diagnosed with cancer, which impelled his family to donate to the American Cancer Society.impervious, impervious to adj (material: impenetrable) (材料)不能渗透的, 不能穿透的The paint is impervious to moisture when it's dry.油漆干燥后无法渗透。impervious, impervious to adj figurative (person: unaffected) (人)不受影响的, 不易打动的You can say what you like: she's impervious to criticism.你想说什么就说什么，反正她对批评也无动于衷。implore [sb] to do [sth] v expr (beg to do [sth])恳求I implore you to set me free. I am innocent!impossible to wear adj US, figurative (person: intolerable)难打交道；让人难以忍受Everyone says she is nice, but I find her impossible to wear.impute [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (attribute)把…归咎于，把…归罪于；把…归因于The reporter imputed the war to greedy politicians.in addition to prep (as well as)除了…之外；还…；也…In addition to the paper itself I include a full bibliography.除了论文本身之外，我还附上了一个完整的参考书目。in addition to this adv (also, besides)此外；除此之外in answer to [sth] expr figurative (as a response)作为对...的回答；作为对...的响应The restaurant has added several low-fat dishes, in answer to the current demand for healthier food.in answer to [sth] expr (as a reply)作为对...的回答；作为对...的响应in answer to your question expr (in reply to you)作为对你的问题的回答；用以回答你的提问In answer to your question, no, he's not married.in comparison with [sth/sb], in comparison to [sth/sb] prep (when compared to)与…相比较In comparison with John, Ollie's a giant.In comparison to you, she's just an amateur.与约翰相比较，奥利就如巨人一样高大。// 与你相比较，她简直就是个业余选手。in contrast to [sth] expr (unlike)与…相反In contrast to his work so far, the project he just turned in was superb.be in debt to [sb] v expr (owing money to [sb])欠...的钱；欠...的债be in debt to [sb] for [sth] v expr figurative (morally obligated)因某事而欠某人的；欠...的...be in debt to [sb] for doing [sth] v expr figurative (morally obligated)因做某事而欠某人的I will be forever in debt to you for saving my life.be in line to do [sth] v expr (be expected to do)接下来将；继承Prince William is in line to succeed his father to the throne.威廉王子是其父王位的顺位继承人。in obedience to prep (as instructed or ordered by)遵照；遵从；遵从In obedience to his wishes, the house was sold and the proceeds given to charity.in opposition to [sth/sb] prep (against)反对；与…相对立We're demonstrating in opposition to the anti-immigrant legislation.in order for [sth/sb] to do [sth] expr (so that [sth] happens)为了使…In order for sales to be strong, our department needs to work hard this month.in order to prep (so as to be able to)为了, 要想You don't need a degree in order to work as an escort.In order to travel abroad, you must have a valid passport.为了成为一名护卫队成员，你不需要获得任何学位。//要想出国旅游，你必须持有有效的护照。in order to prep (so as to)为了I went to the shop in order to buy some milk.我去商店为了买一些牛奶。in preference to prep (rather than)宁可…也不要…；宁愿…而不…I drink coffee in the mornings in preference to tea.in reference to [sth/sb] expr (regarding, as related to)有关；关于in relation to prep (in the context of)以…而言；在…背景下The large fine imposed on the company was nothing in relation to its earnings.该公司被处以的巨额罚款，以它的盈利而言不是什么事儿。in relation to prep (concerning)关于…What's your opinion in relation to shops opening on Sundays?关于周日照常营业的商店，你怎么看？in respect to [sth] expr (with regard to)关于…；至于…Vancouver is one of North America's most progressive cities in respect to drug policy.in the lead-up to [sth] expr (in the period before)在...之前This change was reflected in the opinion polls conducted in the lead up to the election.in thrall to [sb/sth] expr (in the power of [sb] or [sth])受...控制；受...奴役in time to do [sth] expr (not late)及时I got to the concert in time to get a seat at the front.我及时赶上音乐会，抢到了前排座位。in transit to prep (traveling to)运送往…I arrived in Paris to discover that my luggage was in transit to Brussels.incident to [sth] adj + prep (naturally related)易发生的；易出现的Trauma is incident to the life of a soldier.士兵的生活中容易发生创伤。incidental to [sth] adj + prep (occurring as a side-effect)附带发生的；伴随的He suffered headaches incidental to the tumour.他得了肿瘤，并伴随着头痛。incidental to [sth] adj + prep (of minor importance to)对…而言是次要的The fact that his spelling's good is only incidental to his success as a writer.incite [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (provoke to action)激起Be careful or your bold words could incite the people to revolt.incite [sb] to do [sth] v expr (provoke to do [sth])鼓动；煽动The speaker incited the miners to go on strike.incline [sb] to do [sth] v expr figurative (dispose, influence)使倾向于；使有…的趋势The unexpected cheque inclined me to be a little extravagant.这张意料之外的支票让我感觉有点花费过大。be inclined to do [sth] v expr (person: be willing, disposed to do)倾向He thinks she is dangerous and I'm inclined to agree with him.be inclined to do [sth] v expr (person: tend to do)倾向；很可能Don't believe everything my sister tells you. She is inclined to exaggerate.be inclined to [sth] v expr (person: tending to)倾向于He is inclined to skepticism where ghosts are concerned.inclined to believe [sth/sb] expr (tending to trust: [sb])倾向于相信Janice was inclined to believe Bill's version of the events.inclined to believe that expr (tending towards: opinion)倾向于认为Stan was inclined to believe that Sue had not intended to offend anyone.；incumbent on [sb] to do [sth], incumbent upon [sb] to do [sth] expr (obligatory for [sb])某人必须履行某事；某人有义务做某事It is incumbent on the bride's father to make a speech at the wedding.新娘的父亲有义务在婚礼上致辞。indebted to [sb] adj + prep (owing money)负债的；欠债的I'm indebted to my parents for the money to buy this flat.indebted to [sb] adj + prep figurative (owing gratitude)感激的；感恩的Finally, I'm indebted to my publisher, without whose support this book would never have been finished.indifference to [sth/sb] n (lack of interest or concern)漠不关心；毫无兴趣Your indifference to my feelings is causing me a lot of unhappiness.induce [sb] to do [sth] v expr (persuade)劝诱；诱使inquire as to whether/when/how/who/what, enquire as to whether/when/how/who/what vtr formal (with clause: ask)询问I am writing to inquire as to whether your company has any vacancies.我来信是想询问贵公司是否有职位空缺。inscribe [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (dedicate)将某物题赠给某人The singer inscribed a copy of his autobiography to Lisa.insensitive to [sth] adj + prep (unable to feel: pain, cold) (生理)对…感觉迟钝的，感觉不到…的，对…不敏感的，对…麻木的The anaesthetic will make you insensitive to pain.麻醉剂会让你感觉不到疼痛。inspire [sb] to do [sth] v expr (motivate [sb] to do [sth])激发某人做某事My sister's success in business inspired me to set up my own company.我妹妹下海成功，激发我也成立了自己的公司。instigate [sb] to do [sth] v expr (incite, provoke: [sb])煽动；挑动；挑起We're hoping to instigate the workers to revolt.我们希望鼓动工人反抗。instruct [sb] to do [sth] vtr + prep (tell, command [sb])命令某人做某事；指示某人做某事The sports teacher instructed the pupils to sit down.an insult to [sth/sb] n (offending action)对…的侮辱，对…的羞辱Tom thought that being denied the job was a huge insult to him.在汤姆看来，没拿到这份工作是对他的巨大羞辱。intend to do [sth] v expr (plan)打算；计划I intend to give up smoking, starting tomorrow.我打算从明天开始戒烟。intend for [sth] to do [sth] v expr (mean to cause)打算使…发生She never intended for the gas tank to explode when she lit her cigarette.当她点烟的时候从没想过油箱会发生爆炸。be intended to do [sth] v expr (have as its purpose)有意做；故意做A lure is intended to attract fish.鱼饵是故意用来吸引鱼上钩的。interface [sth] to [sth], interface [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (connect to)把…连接到；使…与…连接intolerance to [sth], [sth] intolerance n (sensitivity to certain foods)不耐症；不耐受性I can't eat cheese; I have an intolerance to dairy.intolerant to [sth] adj + prep (cannot digest [sth])对...过敏的, 对...不耐受的For the first year of her life, my daughter was intolerant to all milk.intrinsic to [sth] adj + prep (inherent to)固有的；本身的introduce [sb] to [sb] vtr + prep (make acquainted) (人)介绍…给…认识，把…介绍给…；把…引见给…It was me who introduced Maria to Ali.是我把玛丽亚介绍给阿里的。introduce [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep figurative (make familiar)向…介绍…He introduced me to this brilliant website.他向我介绍了这个精彩的网站。introduce [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (give first experience of [sth])给…介绍…；使…了解…Before being allowed to dive in the ocean, the trainees were introduced to the scuba equipment in the swimming pool.在得到海洋潜水的允许前，应当在水池里给受训人员介绍水肺设备。inure [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (accustom to [sth] bad)习惯于The wife was inured to her husband's frequent adultery.invitation to tender n (business: call for bidders)招标An invitation to tender is an efficient and fair way to select contractors.invite [sb] to do [sth] v expr (ask [sb] to do [sth])邀请某人做某事The government invited Laura to work for the mayor.政府邀请劳拉为市长工作。usage: ‘offer to’If you offer to do something, you say that you are willing to do it.He offered to take her home in a taxi.I offered to answer any questions.invoke [sth/sb] to do [sth] v expr (call upon to act)召唤The young family's sad plight invoked us to come to their aid.irrelevant to [sth] adj + prep (not pertinent to)与…无关Your comments are irrelevant to this discussion.I estimate that about half your essay is irrelevant to the topic.你的评论与本次讨论无关。我估计，你文章的一半内容都与主题无关。issue [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (distribute [sth] to [sb])把…分发给，向…分发…The university issues identity cards to all its students.这所大学向所有学生分发身份卡。It doesn't hurt to do [sth] v expr informal (It is a good idea to do [sth])做某事总没错；做某事总没关系备注: Often used in advice: 'it won't hurt' or 'it wouldn't hurt.'I doubt that Simon will lend you his car, but it doesn't hurt to ask!It won't hurt [sb] to do [sth], it wouldn't hurt [sb] to do [sth] v expr informal (It is advisable for [sb] to do [sth])某人可以做某事；建议某人做某事It wouldn't hurt you to at least ask your teacher for more time to do your essay.it is advisable to do [sth] expr (it is wise to)…是明智的；可取的When you visit a new city, it is advisable to take a map.it is necessary to (it is required or essential for one to)做…是必要的It is necessary to buy your tickets in advance.it seems to me, it seems to me that expr (I think, in my opinion)在我看来；我认为it stands to reason, It stands to reason that expr (it is logical)合情合理；顺理成章It stands to reason that if an employee is suffering from stress, then their productivity will decrease.It takes two to tango. expr informal, figurative (Both people are responsible)一个巴掌拍不响。；双方都有责任。Sally insists that it is Joe's fault they broke up, but it takes two to tango.It's all the same to me expr informal (I have no preference.)对我来说都一样You can stay or leave; it's all the same to me.it's back to the drawing board, it's back to the drawing board for [sb] expr figurative, informal (need to start over)从头再来；推倒重来Well, my boss vetoed my proposal - I guess it's back to the drawing board.It's up to you. interj informal (it is your decision)由你来定；你说了算We can get Mexican or Chinese food tonight - it's up to you.itch for [sth] to do [sth] v expr figurative (be impatient for)对...心痒难耐；渴望；热切期望备注: always used in a progressive tenseI'm itching for the summer holidays to start!我热切盼望着暑假的到来！itch to do [sth] v expr figurative (be impatient to)对做...心痒难耐；渴望；热切期望备注: always used in a progressive tenseI'm itching to tell you the gossip about Mandy ...我心痒难耐，想跟你说说曼迪的闲话...join with [sb], join with [sb] to do [sth] vi + prep (cooperate)使结合，使联合；使联姻Business leaders have joined with the government to fight poverty.企业领袖与政府联合起来与贫困作斗争。judge [sb] to be [sth], judge [sb] vtr (declare)宣判某人为；审判某人为；宣布判决某人为He was judged to be guilty.他被宣判有罪。jump at the chance to do [sth] v expr informal, figurative (accept opportunity to do)热切地抓住做某事的机会I would jump at the chance to meet my sporting hero.jump to conclusions, leap to conclusions v expr (judge hastily)仓促得出结论Stop leaping to conclusions about their relationship when you hardly even know them.jump to the conclusion that, leap to the conclusion that v expr (deduce hastily)急于下结论junior to [sb] adj (lower in rank)等级比...低的；地位比...低的I don't like being told what to do by people who are junior to me.just so happen to do [sth] v expr (coincidentally)碰巧；正好I called a plumber, who just so happened to be in the area and came immediately to fix my sink.justify [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (give reason, excuse)辩解I tried to justify the price of house to my husband, but he said it was not a good value.keen to do [sth] adj esp UK (eager to do [sth])热切盼望He's really keen to come and see you. I am really keen to start working on this project.他热切盼望来见你。我热切盼望着手这个项目。keep close to [sb/sth] v expr (stay near)靠近Keep close to me when we're at the concert; I don't want you to get lost.keep to [sth] vi + prep (schedule, rules: adhere)遵守；坚守；坚持However hard we try, it is difficult to keep to a diet and lose weight. This plan will work if we keep to it.无论我们多努力地尝试，要想遵守节食减肥都是很困难的。如果我们坚持的话，这个计划就能行。keep to [sth] vi + prep (not stray from: a path, etc.)不偏离, 不离开When walking in the countryside, keep to the path.在乡间行走时，请沿小路走。keep to yourself v expr (not be social)不交际keep [sth] to yourself v expr (keep [sth] secret)对...保密；不泄露keep [sb] up to date v expr (inform regularly)使…了解最新消息；使…跟上时代We'll keep you up to date with the latest business news.keep [sth] up to date v expr (update)使…保持更新It's important to keep your business website up to date.keep up to date v expr (stay informed)了解最新消息；跟上时代I read Vogue magazine to keep up to date with all the latest fashions.keep your nose to the grindstone v expr figurative (continuously work hard)长时间勤奋；埋头苦干key, key to [sth] n (solution)答案；解决方法The key to solving the puzzle is to eliminate the incorrect answers.解决这个谜题的方法是排除不正确的答案。the key to [sth] n (most important thing)关键；重点The key to getting into this college is to perform well at interview.要想被这座大学录取，关键是要在面试时发挥出好的表现。keyed to [sth] adj (matched to)与...匹配；与...相配kin to [sb] adj + prep (person: related to [sb])与…是亲戚As my second cousin, Maria is kin to me and I feel obliged to help her.二堂妹玛利亚是我的亲人，我认为自己有义务向她伸出援手。kin to [sth] adj (animal, thing: similar)相似的；相像的；类似的That cup is kin to the others in the cupboard.那只杯子与柜橱里其他的杯子相似。kind to [sb] adj + prep (benevolent) (对某人)仁慈的；和蔼的The king was kind to the people of his country and was well liked.国王对自己的臣民很仁慈，受到所有人的爱戴。kind to [sb] adj (treatment: gentle)对待…友好；对…温和Life has not been kind to her. Listen, I've been kind to you so far, but you need to start working harder.生活就没有善待过她。听着，我一直对你很友好，但你真的得更加努力地工作了。kiss [sth] goodbye, kiss goodbye to [sth] v expr figurative (resign yourself to losing)吻别a knack to [sth] n (special technique)做...的诀窍；做...的妙招There's a knack to opening pickle jars; let me show you.要打开咸菜罐子是有诀窍的；我来给你示范一下。know [sb] as [sth/sb], know [sb] to be [sth/sb] vtr (perceive)知道某人是；确知某人是I know her as a woman of integrity.know better than to do [sth] v expr (be wise enough not to do [sth])懂得不该做某事；明白不该做某事know how to do [sth] v expr (be able to do [sth])知道如何…；知道怎么…Do you know how to swim?kowtow to [sb] vi (be servile)叩头；卑躬屈膝The employees are always kowtowing to their superiors.员工总是对上级卑躬屈膝。labor to do [sth] (US), labour to do [sth] (UK) v expr (work to achieve [sth])努力工作以实现；努力做到All the translators labor to make the dictionary as good as possible.所有翻译一同努力，让字典尽量最好。laugh [sth] to scorn v expr (ridicule, deride)嘲讽；讥讽lay claim to [sth] v expr (claim ownership of)对...的所有权提出主张；对…提出主权要求He laid claim to the house and the surrounding land.lay claim to doing [sth] v expr (assert [sth] about yourself)自称；自以为Prudence laid claim to being the best singer in her family.普鲁登斯自认为是她家中最好的歌手。lay claim to [sth] v expr (claim to have)声称有；宣称有lay siege to [sth] v expr (attack)围攻The German army laid siege to Stalingrad in August 1942.lay [sb] to rest v expr euphemism (person: bury) (人)安葬，埋葬She was laid to rest under the oak tree next to her husband.lay [sth] to rest v expr figurative (rumours, etc.: end) (谣言等)消除，平息The politician wanted to lay the rumours about his private life to rest.lay waste to [sth] v expr (devastate)彻底破坏；毁坏；蹂躏The earthquake laid waste to the already devastated country.lead to [sth] vi + prep (take you to) (某地)通向，通往This road leads to the forest.这条路通往树林。lead to [sth] vi + prep figurative (bring about)引起；导致The employee's habitual tardiness led to his dismissal.Drinking too much alcohol can lead to liver disease.这位员工迟到成习惯，因此被开除了。饮酒过多可能导致肾脏疾病。lead [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (direct)引导某人达成某观点Lead them to agreement with logical arguments.用具有逻辑性的论点说服他们赞成。lead [sb] to do [sth] v expr (cause, prompt)引起某人做某事；促使某人做某事Jennifer's interest in animals led her to becoming a vet.詹妮弗对动物的兴趣促使自己成为一名兽医。lead [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (prompt to mention)使…提到…，使…说到，使…谈及All of which leads me to my next point, which is that the project cannot possibly be completed on time.lead [sb] to believe v expr often passive (mislead into thinking) (有误导之意)使某人相信，让某人相信The financial advisor led me to believe that my investments were safe.leading to prep (resulting in)导致Growing prosperity is another factor leading to increased demand.leading to prep (going towards)通向；通往He walked along the road leading to the city centre.leading up to prep (preceding)通往；一路通向leading up to prep (preparatory to)作为…的准备lean over backward to do [sth] (US), lean over backwards to do [sth] (UK) v expr figurative (make every effort)竭尽全力做某事；尽力做某事lean-to n (shed with slanted roof)披屋；披棚I store all my tools in a lean-to out back.leap at the chance to do [sth], leap at the opportunity to do [sth] v expr figurative (seize an opportunity)抓住机会She leapt at the chance to perform with her favourite singer.learn to do [sth] v expr (skill: acquire)学会，学到，习得，掌握Children usually start to learn to walk when they are about a year old.小孩一般在周岁前后开始学走路。lease [sth] to [sb], lease out [sth] to [sb], lease [sth] out to [sb] vtr + prep (property: rent to [sb]) (房产)将…租给，将…出租给Kyle leased his flat to his brother when he moved in with his girlfriend.凯尔和女友同居后，将自己的公寓出租给了他弟弟。lease [sth] to [sb], lease out [sth] to [sb], lease [sth] out to [sb] vtr + prep (hire [sth] out to [sb])将…租借给Ben leased some equipment to a customer.本将部分设施租借给了一位顾客。leave [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (bequeath)将...遗赠给；将…作为遗物留给In his will, her father left her the antique clock.leave to do [sth] n (permission for absence)准假；休假做某事My boss gave me leave to study for three months.老板给我准了三个月的假，让我去进修。leave much to be desired v expr (be inadequate)还有很多待改进的余地Your table manners leave much to be desired.The house was cute on the outside, but inside left much to be desired.leave the door open for [sb/sth], leave the door open to [sth/sb] v expr figurative (allow possibility, access)为…保留可能性When the reigning gold medalist fell, she left the door open for her competitors.By not completely cutting ties with the country's former allies, the prime minister is leaving the door open for negotiations to be resumed in the future.leave to amend [sth] n (permission to alter: a plea, etc.) (请求等)允许修改leave [sb] to his/her/their own devices v expr (not supervise [sb])放任；听任left to your/his/her/their own devices adj (unsupervised, left alone)由你自己决定lend [sth] to [sth/sb] vtr + prep (provide)把某物提供给某人或某事Natalie lent her skills to her company in expectation of a return.娜塔莉为公司提供自己的技能，以期得到回报。lend [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep (give characteristic)给…增加（特色）The vocalist's British accent lends a certain charm to her singing.这位歌唱家的英式口音给自己的演唱增加了不少魅力。lend an ear to [sb], lend [sb] an ear v expr figurative, dated (listen)听某人说；倾听"Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears." - William Shakespearelend itself to [sth] v expr (be suitable for)适合于；有助于lend weight to [sth], lend [sth] weight v expr figurative (give [sth] credibility)使…更可信let [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep UK (lease, rent out to [sb])把某物租赁给某人；将某物租给某人I'm letting the house to a family who have just moved to the area.be liable to [sb] v expr (be legally held to have injured [sb])对…的受伤负法律责任The careless driver was liable to the woman he knocked over.那位粗心大意的司机要为他撞伤的女士负责任。be liable to [sth] v expr (be legally subject to [sth])应受到…的法律惩罚；有…的法律义务Any driver found with an open container of alcohol in their car is liable to arrest.任何驾驶人员，只要在他的车上发现有打开的酒瓶，都该被拘捕。be liable to [sth] v expr (be vulnerable to)易遭受…的The lungs of smokers are liable to infection.抽烟的人容易受到肺部感染。be liable to do [sth] v expr (be likely to do [sth])很有可能做某事；一般来说会做某事If someone came in screaming and crying, a normal person would be liable to call the police.如果有人哭泣尖叫着跑进来，正常人一般都会打电话报警。be liable to being [sth] v expr (be vulnerable to)容易遭受；容易被If you leave your cattle out in open range at night they are liable to being snatched by wolves.如果你晚上把牛群留在牛栏外，它们就很容易被狼叼走。license [sb] to do [sth] v expr (grant permission)批准某人做某事；允许某人做某事The federal government licensed the oil company to dump toxic waste into the water supply.联邦政府批准了石油公司向水供给中倾倒有毒废料。licensed, also UK: licenced to do [sth] expr (person: officially authorized to do)正式许可做...的I'm licensed to drive a taxi in this city.我经批准可在本市驾驶出租车。lie to vi + adv (nautical: come to a stop)泊停；泊靠lift a finger to do [sth], lift a hand to do [sth] v expr figurative (make effort to help)帮忙做某事备注: Usually used in the negative.I wish you would lift a finger to help around the house occasionally.like doing [sth], like to do [sth] v expr (activity: enjoy)喜欢做某事；喜爱做某事Liz likes cooking Thai food.莉兹喜欢做泰国菜。like to do [sth] expr US, regional (almost)几乎…了，快要…了The poor kid like to froze.be like a red rag to a bull v expr colloquial (that provokes anger)令人勃然大怒；令人火冒三丈likely to do [sth] adj (expected)可能会...的；有…倾向的He's likely to be very interested in your offer.他可能会对你的提议非常感兴趣。liken [sth/sb] to [sth/sb] vtr (compare)将...比拟；将...比作In one of his parables Jesus likened the kingdom of heaven to a pearl of great price.link [sb/sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep figurative (connect mentally) (比喻)认为…之间有联系，将…与…联系起来The detective linked the suspect to the crime scene.侦探认为这位嫌犯与那个犯罪现场之间有联系。link [sth] up with [sth], link [sth] up to [sth] v expr (connect: two things)将…与…连接起来；将…连接到…上We were able to link the computer up to a huge TV screen.linked to [sth/sb] adj + prep figurative (caused by, due to)与…有关Heart disease is linked to lifestyle choices.lip sync to [sth], lip-sync, lip synch vi + prep informal (mime to a song)跟着…对口型，跟着…假唱I was very disappointed to see that the singer was only lip-synching to a recording.listen to [sth/sb] vi + prep (actively hear)用心听，认真听；留神听Please be quiet; I am listening to the radio.请安静，我正在认真听收音机。listen to [sth] vi + prep (consider)考虑；听进去I would like them to listen to my proposal.我希望他们能考虑我的提案。listen to [sth/sb] vi + prep (pay attention)注意听；好好听Please listen to me carefully.请注意听我要说的话。listen closely to [sth/sb], listen to [sth/sb] closely v expr (be attentive)用心听；聚精会神地听The children listened closely to their grandfather's story.listen to reason v expr (be persuaded)听劝I tried to explain, but the man simply would not listen to reason.live from hand to mouth, live hand to mouth v expr (be poor)仅能糊口；勉强度日Though they appeared wealthy, they actually lived from hand to mouth.live up to [sb]'s expectations, live up to expectations v expr (be as good as anticipated)不负所望；满足期望I fear I will never live up to my parents' expectations.live up to your billing v expr figurative (be as good as expected)不负期待Let's hope their new player lives up to his billing and scores a few goals!loan [sb] [sth], loan [sth] to [sb] v expr (lend money) (金钱)借钱给，借款给，贷款给I hope that the bank will loan me the money.我希望银行贷款给我。loan [sb] [sth], loan [sth] to [sb] v expr (lend [sth])把…借给She loaned me her car for the day.她把她的汽车借给我用一天。be loath to do [sth], be loth to do [sth] v expr (be unwilling, reluctant)不乐意做某事；不情愿做某事long to do [sth] v expr (yearn)渴望；想要He longed to be back home with his family.I long to travel, but I don't have the money or the time to do so.long for [sb] to do [sth] v expr (wish [sb] would do [sth])希望某人做某事Miriam longed for Jake to take her in his arms and tell her he loved her.马丽娅姆希望杰克将她揽入怀中，然后告诉自己他爱着自己。look to do [sth] v expr (seek, intend)想要；打算Richard was looking to find a job at the local factory.理查德想要在当地工厂找到一份工作。look to [sth] vi + prep figurative (pay attention to)期盼；展望Ben decided that the past was behind him and that it was time to look to the future.本决定将过去抛诸脑后，是时候展望未来了。look to [sb] vi + prep (turn to [sb])看向；朝…看去Unsure what to do, Sue looked to Mark, who was seated to her left.不知所措的苏看向坐在自己左边的马克。look to [sb] for [sth] v expr (turn for guidance)指望；依靠Children look to their parents for guidance.孩子们指望父母的指导。look to do [sth] v expr informal (intend, seek)盼望；想要I'm not looking to buy a set of encyclopedias right now.我现在并不想要一整套的百科全书。look to be v expr (appear)看起来是，似乎That couch looks to be about 50 years old.lose the opportunity, lose the opportunity to do [sth], lose the opportunity of doing [sth] v expr (miss the chance: to do [sth])失去...的机会If you ever have the chance to visit Buckingham Palace, you should not lose the opportunity of doing so. Join the queue or you will lose the opportunity to get her autograph.lose your heart to [sb] v expr figurative (fall in love with)爱上；恋上be lost to [sb/sth] v expr (not be available to [sb/sth])让...失去；导致...失去Alas, the opportunity of seeing that beautiful building was lost to us when it burned down.be lost to [sb/sth] v expr figurative (beyond reach)不再属于…的She used to be a committed Christian, but now she is lost to the Church.她曾经是一位虔心的基督徒，但现在她已不再属于教会。be lost to [sb/sth] v expr (be insensible to)失去；丧失；不顾忌His grief for his fallen comrades was so strong that the soldier was lost to all sense of duty.love doing [sth], love to do [sth] v expr (activity: enjoy)喜爱做某事；爱做某事I love jogging in the park when the weather is warm.天气暖和的时候，我喜欢在公园里慢跑。love letter to [sth] n figurative (expression of affection)情话，表白The movie is his love letter to the city of Rome.lull [sb] to sleep v expr (baby, etc. send to sleep)哄...入睡The mother's song lulled the baby to sleep.made to measure, made-to-measure adj (designed specifically for [sb/sth])量身订制的，订制的，定做的备注: Hyphens are used when the adjective precedes the noun.made to order, made-to-order adj (custom made)订做；订制备注: hyphens used when term is an adj before a nounClothes that are made to order ought to fit better than off-the-rack clothes.Service is slow because each dish is made to order.mail [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep informal (send by e-mail)把…用电子邮件发送给Please mail the file to me.请把文件用电子邮件发给我。make a call to [sb] v expr informal (phone [sb])致电；给...打电话Hold on a second, I just have to make a call to my supervisor.make a visit to [sb/sth] v expr informal (go to)访问My tooth hurts; I need to make a visit to the dentist.make advances to [sb], make advances on [sb] (US) v expr (try to kiss, etc.)对...示好；骚扰make amends to [sb] v expr (compensate [sb] for a wrong) (指人)对...做出补偿，向...弥补When he became sober, he decided to make amends to those he had hurt by his drinking.make arrangements for [sb/sth] to do [sth] v expr (organize for [sth] to happen)安排…做I have made arrangements for a taxi to pick you up from the airport.make as if to do [sth], make as though to do [sth] v expr informal (pretend, feint)假装做某事；佯装做某事He made as if to throw the ball, but he actually ran with it instead.make [sth] clear to [sb] v expr (explain or clarify [sth] to [sb])向某人解释某事；向某人澄清某事The doctor made the seriousness of the condition clear to her patient.医生向病人讲明了病情的严重性。make clear to [sb] that, make it clear to [sb] that v expr (with clause: state [sth] clearly to [sb])向...澄清；向...解释清楚The headteacher made it clear to the student that she would be excluded if her behaviour did not improve.make it up to [sb] v expr informal (make amends)弥补所受的伤害等George wanted to make it up to Andrea for being so bad-tempered towards her earlier.make [sb/sth] out to be [sth] v expr (represent as)把…描绘成备注: Often refers to a false claim.The press are making him out to be the greatest singer since Elvis, but he's not that good.媒体将他描绘成自猫王以来最伟大的歌手，但他并没有那么好。make ready to do [sth] v expr (prepare for action)做好准备Miranda made ready to set out on her journey.make reference to [sth/sb] v expr (mention, allude to)提到；提及During his speech he made reference to his family.make so bold as to do [sth], be so bold as to do [sth] v expr formal (dare to do)敢于；擅自make sure to do [sth] v expr (ensure you do [sth])确保；务必Please make sure to lock all the windows and doors before you leave.在你离开前，请务必将门窗锁严。make [sth] to order v expr (create a custom product)定制, 定做Since he did not like the desks he found for sale, he had one made to order for his new office.manage to do [sth] v expr (succeed in)设法做到The traffic was terrible today! I'm amazed I managed to get to work on time.他设法准时开始了工作。usage: ‘manage’If you manage to do something, you succeed in doing it.Manuel managed to finish the work on time.How did you manage to convince her?Be carefulUse a to-infinitive, not an -ing form, after manage. Don't say, for example, ‘How did you manage convincing her?’manage to do [sth] vi + prep ironic, informal (do [sth] clumsy) (常指动作笨拙而犯错)竟然做某事I managed to trip over my own feet and fall down the stairs.我竟然自己用脚绊了自己一跤，然后摔下了楼梯。mandate [sb], mandate [sb] to do [sth] vtr (order)命令...做某事；指示...做某事The people mandated the government to restructure.人民要求政府进行重组。mansplain to [sb] vi + prep informal (man: explain patronizingly to woman)向女人说教mansplain [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep informal (man: explain patronizingly to woman)针对某物向某人说教map to [sth] vi + prep (mathematics: mark out) (数学)映射到The variable x maps to y.变量 x 映射到 y。be married to [sb] v expr (have [sb] as a spouse)嫁给；与...结婚Jane is married to a Frenchman and lives in Paris.简嫁给了一位法国人，现在住在巴黎。married with [sth], married to [sth] adj figurative (joined closely)紧密联合的In his view, technology should be married with pleasing design.在他看来，技术应该与优美的设计紧密联合。be married to [sth] adj figurative (be dedicated to [sth]: job, idea)献身于…的；投身于…的My boyfriend is married to his job, but I'm a workaholic as well!我男朋友将自己献身于工作，而我自己也是个工作狂！marshal [sb] to [sth] vtr (guide, usher)将...引领到；将...带领到We were marshalled to our seats by student volunteers.学生志愿者引我们上座。matter to [sb] v expr (be important to [sb])有影响；有重要性；在乎I love Paul, and his happiness matters to me.It doesn't matter to me if it's sunny or not; I still want to go to the beach.天气晴不晴都没有影响，我还是想去沙滩。我爱保罗，他的幸福对我来说很重要。mean to do [sth] v expr (intend)有意做；故意做；意欲I'm sorry. I never meant to hurt you.我很抱歉，我不是有意要伤害你的。mean to vi + prep (intend)故意；有意Did I just step on your foot? Sorry. I didn't mean to.我刚刚是不是踩到你的脚了？抱歉，我不是故意的。mean (to do [sth]) vtr (intend)打算做某事；想要做某事；意欲做某事Tony means to finish his drink in one gulp.mean to do [sth] vi + prep (be determined)决心做；决定做I mean to win that race, even if it kills me!即便难于登天，我也一定要赢得那场比赛！mean ([sb]) no harm, mean no harm (to [sb]) v expr (not intend to cause hurt)对...没有恶意；并不想伤害某人I'm sorry you were upset by my suggestion. I meant no harm.mean to suggest, mean to suggest that v expr (imply)暗指；暗示Did you mean to suggest that you didn't like my shirt?means to an end n (method of achieving [sth])达到某一目的的手段It doesn't matter that he lied; it was just a means to an end.The junta has promised new civilian elections; the coup was a means to an end.be meant to do [sth] adj UK (be supposed to do [sth])应该I'm meant to go straight home after school.meant to be adj (predestined)注定的I don't know how it happened, but I guess it was meant to be.meet face to face v expr (hold a meeting in person)面对面会谈；当面会谈；面谈Email and conference calls can't replace meeting face to face.meet face to face v expr (encounter in the flesh)实际会面While I was out hiking, I met face to face with a mountain lion.meet your maker, go to meet your maker v expr euphemism (die) (比喻死亡)见老祖宗a menace to society n (law: dangerous person)对社会造成威胁的人；社会祸害mention [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (speak of)向…说起；和…谈起Did you mention the car problem to James?你有没有向詹姆士说起车的问题？mention to [sb] that v expr (tell [sb] [sth])向…谈起；对…提及During our conversation, Julia mentioned to me that she thought Kara had a new boyfriend.在与茱莉亚的谈话中，她对我提及，她认为卡拉交了位新男友。message [sth], message [sth] to [sb] vtr (send as a message)把…通知某人I messaged the information to him.be minded to do [sth] v expr (disposed, inclined to do)有做某事的倾向的；打算做某事的The teacher told the children that she was minded to put the toys away if they didn't stop arguing.老师告诉孩子们，如果他们不停止争吵，她就打算把玩具都没收。money to burn n figurative (more money than you need)有花不完的钱；烧得起的钱Expensive kitchen gadgets are fine for those with money to burn.monument to [sth] n (lasting example) (某种特点或品质的)例证, 典范His last film was a monument to stupidity and bad taste.more power to [sb], more power to [sb]'s elbow expr (expression of encouragement)加油；再加把劲Well, it sounds like Adam's thought it through carefully, so if it's really what he wants to do, more power to his elbow.mother-to-be n (pregnant woman)孕妇motion to [sb/sth], motion towards [sb/sth], motion at [sb/sth] vi + prep (gesture)向...做动作；向...打手势；向...示意Ben motioned to the door.本对着门打了个手势。motion [sb] to do [sth] v expr (encourage by gesture)示意某人…With a nod of his head, the boss motioned Frances to continue with her explanation.老板点点头，示意弗朗西斯继续解释。motivate [sb] to do [sth] v expr (stimulate to act)激励某人做某事We need to motivate our staff to generate more profits.mouth to feed, hungry mouth to feed n figurative (dependent: family member)需要赡养的家庭成员I have five mouths to feed.我有五口人要养。mouth-to-mouth n informal (artificial respiration)人工呼吸mouth-to-mouth resuscitation n (artificial respiration)口对口人工呼吸The lifeguard pulled the drowning boy out of the water and performed mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.move to [sth] vi + prep (change position, location) (把位置等)转移到，换到Amy moved to a seat near the front of the room.艾米换到了一个靠房间前面的位置。move to [sth] vi + prep (turn attention to) (把注意力)改变到，转到I want to move to the question of how we are to finance this project.我想把话题转到我们要如何为该项目筹措经费上来。move to do [sth] v expr (take action)采取行动He moved to open the door but she grabbed his arm.他要去开门，不过她抓住了他的胳膊。move to do [sth] vi + prep (make a proposal)提议The council member moved to adjourn the session.move [sb] to do [sth] vtr + prep (impel emotionally)因感动而做某事Karen was moved to take in the stray dogs.move [sb] to (do) [sth] vtr + prep (cause, provoke)导致某人做某事；促使某人做某事His actions moved her to call the police.move closer to [sth/sb] v expr (relocate to be nearer to [sth], [sb])去离...更近的地方move [sb] to action v expr (motivate to do [sth])让...行动起来；激励...行动A news report about the famine moved James to action and he decided to make a donation to charity.move [sb] to tears v expr (make weep with emotion)使…感动得流泪，使…感动得落泪Kathy was moved to tears by the sad ending to the film.murmur [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (tell quietly)对某人低声说She murmured her answer to me and quietly left.murmur to [sb] vi + prep (speak quietly)低声说She was murmuring to herself at the back of the room.nag [sb] to do [sth] v expr (remind constantly)不停催促某人做某事Paul nagged his wife to go to the doctor.保罗不停催促自己的妻子去看医生。nail [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (attach using a nail) (用钉子)钉牢，固定Ben nailed a flier to the wall.本将一张传单订在墙上。narrow [sth] down to [sth], narrow down [sth] to [sth] v expr (possibilities: limit to [sth])把范围缩小到；局限在When choosing a college, it is important to narrow down your options to only three or four colleges.选大学的时候，将你的选择范围缩小到三到四所大学非常重要。National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children n (UK child protection organization)全国防止虐待儿童协会native to adj (indigenous to)土生土长的Cranberries are native to North America, but peaches are not.native to adj (innate, inborn in)生来固有的near to [sb] [sth] prep (close to)在…附近；在…旁边Near her feet, she found a coin.My school is near to my house.她在脚边捡到一枚金币。 // 我家离学校很近。near [sth], near to [sth] prep figurative (close to: state, condition) (状态)几乎，几近She was near hysteria when we finally got there. The project is near to completion.我们最后到地方的时候，她几乎歇斯底里了。项目几乎要完成了。be near death, be close to death v expr (be about to die)濒死near enough to adj (sufficiently close in relation to)关系足够近的near enough to adj (sufficiently close so as to)足够近的I was near enough to touch him!nearest to [sth] adj + prep (most like)最像I am looking for the color that is nearest to the original green.the nearest to [sth] n (closest thing, person)最接近的人或物, 最相似的人或物What language is the nearest to Welsh?need to do [sth] v expr (find necessary)需要做；有必要I need to go to the toilet.我需要去趟洗手间。need to do [sth] v expr (must)必须，得，不得不I need to help my parents move.我得帮我爸妈搬家。need do [sth], need to do [sth] v expr (be obliged)有必要做；必须You need not go to so much trouble for me.你不必为我这么劳神费力。needless to say adv (of course, obviously)不用说；更不消说Needless to say, I won't go there again.neglect to do [sth] v expr (fail to do)漏做； (指做某事)忘记Fred neglected to keep up with his friends, and slowly lost contact with them.弗莱德忘记和自己的朋友联系，慢慢失去了联络。the nerve to do [sth] n figurative, informal (excessive boldness) (比喻)做…是吃了熊心豹子胆The guy had the nerve to talk back to his boss.那个人简直是吃了熊心豹子胆，居然敢和老板顶嘴。never to be forgotten, never-to-be-forgotten adj (memorable)永不会被遗忘的备注: Hyphens are used when the adjective precedes the nounThe photo of Neil Armstrong on the moon is an image never to be forgotten.never to return expr (not going to come back)一去不返He has left this country, never to return.Her son went to war, never to return.new to [sth] adj + prep (person: to place, job)不熟悉；初学乍练；新来乍到；刚刚接触Steven is new to the job, so he often asks for help.She's new to the village and nobody knows her name yet.new to [sb] adj + prep (unfamiliar)对（某人）而言是不熟悉的；对（某人）来说是全新的That rule against eating popcorn in the office was new to me.next door to [sb/sth] adv + prep (in the next house along from)在…隔壁next to [sth/sb] prep (beside, adjacent to)挨着；在...旁边The house next to the golf course has great views across the fairway.next to [sth] prep figurative (almost)几乎；差不多It's worth next to nothing in that condition.next to [sth/sb] prep figurative (aside from, after)除...之外；仅次于...I love William; next to my husband, he is my best friend.next to impossible adj (almost impossible)几乎不可能的It was next to impossible to get tickets for the concert.next to last, next-to-last expr (penultimate, second to last)倒数第二的备注: hyphen used when term is an adj before a nounMy daughter was upset because her team finished next to last in the league.November is the next-to-last month of the year.next to last, next-to-last n (one before last)倒数第二The British cyclist didn't do very well in the race; he was next to last.next to nothing n (very little)几乎没有After paying that huge telephone bill, I have next to nothing left in the bank.She managed to prepare a sumptuous meal from next to nothing.nice to meet you, glad to meet you interj informal (pleased to make your acquaintance)见到您很高兴Nice to meet you! Your brother has told me so much about you.很高兴认识你！你兄弟跟我说了很多关于你的事。nine-to-five n informal (daily work routine)朝九晚五，早上九点至下午五点上班nine-to-five adj informal (relating to the workday)朝九晚五的，早上九点至下午五点上班的nine-to-five adj informal (unwilling to put in extra effort)不愿付出额外努力的，只愿做本职工作的nip to [sth] vi + prep informal, UK (go somewhere quickly)跑一趟；赶快去...一趟Can you nip to the shops and pick up a newspaper?你能去店里跑一趟买份报纸吗？no better than you should be, no better than you ought to be expr US, informal (morally inferior)行为不正派；举止不检点no end to [sth] expr (continuous)…无望结束There's no end to the fun you can have in New York City!no nearer to prep (not any closer to)没有更接近，没有进展I have been trying to do this crossword for an hour, but I am no nearer to finishing it.The administration is no nearer to a solution.be no stranger to [sth] v expr (be familiar with)熟悉；见惯He is no stranger to hard work.a nod to [sb/sth] n figurative (allusion)致敬；致意There was definitely a nod to Ray Charles in the musician's melody.这位音乐家所作的旋律中肯定有向雷·查尔斯致敬的意味。nod to [sb] n figurative (acknowledgment)向...致意；感谢某人The book's acknowledgments include a nod to the author's history teacher.书中致谢的部分包括对作者历史老师的致敬。nominate [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep often passive (appoint: [sb] to [sth])任命…为Lucy was nominated to the school board this year.nominate [sb] to do [sth] v expr (propose: [sb])提议某人做某事I nominate you to go and get us some ice cream.nose to nose, nose-to-nose adv (into direct competition)直接较量；面对面地；针锋相对地备注: hyphen used when term is an adj before a nounnose to nose, nose-to-nose adj (in direct competition)（竞争等）面对面的；针锋相对的nose to nose, nose-to-nose adv (intimately close up)面对面；亲密地nose to nose, nose-to-nose adj (intimately close up)面对面的；亲密的nose to nose with, nose-to-nose with prep figurative (in direct competition with)与…针锋相对The boxer went nose to nose with his opponent.nose to nose with, nose-to-nose with prep (very close to)与…很亲昵；和…靠得很近Sam was nose to nose with his girlfriend, Mary.not amount to anything v expr figurative, informal (be a failure)一事无成not amount to anything v expr figurative, informal (action: be ineffective)没用；未见起效not be entitled to [sth], not be entitled to do [sth] v expr (to have no right to do [sth])无权做某事I am not a member of the forum so I am not entitled to post questions.not comparable to [sth], not comparable with [sth] adj (totally different)不能相提并论的；与…完全不同的Art is not comparable to Literature.not comparable to [sth] adj (superior)比不上…的；比…差的His talent is not comparable to anyone else's.not do justice to [sth/sb], not do [sth/sb] justice v expr (not show well)对…不能得尽其妙；不能充分显示出…的优点That photograph does not do justice to her beauty.not have anything to do with v expr (be unrelated to)与…无关Baking a cake does not have anything to do with repairing a car.Being smart doesn't have anything to do with being strong.not have anything to do with v expr (avoid contact with)避免与…接触；避免与…扯上任何关系Since she stole my earings, I do not have anything to do with her anymore.I'll not have anything to do with my ex-wife's new husband.not hesitate to do [sth] vtr (act immediately to)毫不犹豫地做某事；立即做某事If you misbehave again, I will not hesitate to contact your parents.not matter to [sb] vtr (be unimportant to)对…来说不重要；于…无关紧要It doesn't matter to me.not much to look at adj informal (unattractive or unimpressive)样子不太好看He's not much to look at, but he's got a good job and he's very nice.It's not much to look at, but it's home.not take kindly to [sth] v expr (not welcome)不乐意接受；不宽容对待I do not take kindly to people who don't know me calling me 'honey'.not to be believed adj (untrustworthy, not credible)不可信的；不足信的Do not trust that man, anything he says is not to be believed.not to be believed adj (amazing)令人难以相信的；不可思议的That chef's desserts are not to be believed.not to be compared adj (very different)无可比拟的；相差很远的；远不如的Kate Bush's singing style is not to be compared to that of Stevie Nicks.not to be expected expr (unlikely)不太可能的Gifts from them are not to be expected.not to be mistaken for [sth/sb], not to be confused with [sth/sb] expr (as distinct from [sth] else)不要与...弄错；不可与…搞混not to be trusted adj (dishonest, unreliable)不可信的；不可靠的Certain politicians are not to be trusted.not to mention conj (as well as)更不用说I've got to take the kids to school, not to mention do the shopping.我必须要送孩子们上学，更不用说还要去购物。not to scale adj (not proportioned accurately)不按比例，不成比例I gave the bricklayer a quick sketch of the wall, though it was not to scale.not up to prep informal (not fit enough for)没有达到；不能胜任He tried hard, but he was not up to the challenge.Your performance is not up to the standards we are looking for.be nothing to do with [sb], have nothing to do with [sth] v expr (not concern [sb])与...无关Stop listening in to our conversation; this is nothing to do with you.be nothing to do with [sth/sb], have nothing to do with [sth/sb] v expr (be unrelated)与…没有关系；与…不相干You would think that volcanoes have nothing to do with the weather, but they do.My bad mood today has nothing to do with the weather.have nothing to do with [sth] v expr (not get involved)不干涉...；不插足...；不插手...I'll have nothing to do with your plan to steal gold from Fort Knox.have nothing to do with [sb] v expr (not associate with)不与…来往I've had nothing to do with my ex-husband since our divorce.nothing to say about [sth] prep (no information or opinion about)无话可说When the reporter asked about his alleged affair, he answered "I have nothing to say about that."nothing to write home about expr figurative, informal (unremarkable)平淡无奇；一般般；不足挂齿I enjoyed his last film, but this new one is nothing to write home about.notify [sth] to [sth/sb] vtr + prep UK, formal, often passive (register officially)正式向...发出...的通知；正式告知某人某事；正式向...进行...的注册Deaths are required by law to be notified to a registrar within five days.nowhere to turn n (no help or support available)无路可走；无处可获得（帮助、保护、依靠等）When he lost his job, his insurance, and his wife, he had nowhere to turn.NSPCC n initialism (child protection organization)全国防止虐待儿童协会numb to [sth] adj + prep figurative (desensitized) (精神)麻木的，迟钝的City people often become numb to the suffering of the homeless.城镇居民往往对于流浪汉的遭遇表现得麻木不仁。numb [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep figurative, often passive (desensitize to effects of [sth])使...对...麻木It's arguable that action movies numb us to the true effects of violence.动作片使我们对暴力行为的真实影响麻木不仁，这一点还有待争议。object to [sth] vi + prep (disagree with)不赞成；不同意Ann objected to Ben's participation in the project.安不同意本参加这个项目。object to [sth] vi + prep (oppose)反对；不赞成Helen objects to the plan for a new road.海伦反对修新路的计划。object to doing [sth] v expr (be opposed to, disagree with [sth])反对做…；不同意做…The worker objected to having to work late since he wouldn't get paid for the extra hours.工人没有加班工资，所以不同意加班加点工作。obligate [sb] to do [sth] v expr formal (oblige morally, legally)使…负责；使…承担义务The court obligated the father to pay child support every month.be obligated to do [sth] v expr (be morally or legally bound to do)有义务做Parents are obligated to provide food and shelter for their children.be obligated to [sb] v expr (be morally or legally bound to [sb])对某人有义务My in-laws offered to lend us the money, but we didn't want to be obligated to them.feel obligated to do [sth] v expr (feel morally or legally bound to do)感觉有义务做feel obligated to [sb] v expr (feel morally or legally bound to [sb])感觉对某人有义务oblige [sb] to do [sth] v expr (force, obligate [sb] to do [sth])使某人负有义务做某事，使某人（在道义或法律上）负有做某事的责任，迫使Daniel's behaviour obliged his mother to apologise on his behalf.丹尼尔的行为让他妈妈不得不代他道歉。be obliged to do [sth] v expr (be forced, bound to do)有责任做某事；必须做某事be obliged to [sb] for [sth] v expr (be grateful, indebted)对...感激；对...感恩oblivious to [sb/sth] adj + prep (not conscious of [sb], [sth])没有察觉到…的，没有意识到…的，没有注意到…的Henry wandered through the crowd, lost in his own thoughts, oblivious to others.亨利沉浸在自己的思绪中，在人群中穿行，完全没有意识到别人的存在。occur to [sb] vi + prep (enter the mind)想起；想到Did it occur to you that she might object to this?你有没有想到她可能反对这样做？of interest to [sb] expr (interesting to)让...感兴趣Simon's mother highlighted the passage in the newspaper article that she thought would be of interest to him.be off to [sth] v expr (leaving for somewhere)动身去...；前往...；去...I'm off to work now. See you tonight!be off to do [sth] v expr (leaving to do [sth])离开去做…She tells me she's off to make her fortune in the world of modelling.get off to a good start v expr informal (begin well)顺利开始Our new employee has gotten off to a good start.be off to a good start v expr informal (have begun well)有好的开端；一开始就顺利offer [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (propose to give [sth])主动提议将某物给某人；将某物让给某人You should offer your last sweet to your sister.你应该把你最后的糖果让给妹妹。offer to do [sth] v expr (propose)提议做某事；建议做某事I offered to carry the old lady's shopping bags for her.我提议为那位老妇人提购物袋。offer [sth], offer [sth] to [sb] vtr (give a prayer, etc.)为...献上He went to church and offered a prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary.omit to do [sth] v expr (fail to do [sth])没有做；忘记做Angela omitted to send David an invitation to the party.be on to [sth], be onto [sth] v expr informal (have: a promising idea) (非正式用语)对…有头绪了Open a crèche in the office? You could be on to a good idea there.在办公室开设托儿服务？你这主意不错。be on to [sb], be onto [sb] v expr informal (suspect [sb]'s secret)怀疑；盯上The thief knew the police were on to him, so he was trying to keep a low profile.那个窃贼知道警方已经怀疑上了自己，所以他正努力保持低调。on the road to prep (heading for, destined for)去往…；在去…的途中；在前往…的路上Are we on the road to Rome?on the way to [sth] prep (heading, going)在去…的路上We were on the way to Manchester when we heard the news on the car radio.on the way to doing [sth] prep figurative (progressing)正在，正逐渐； (比喻说法)在...的路上Roger is on the way to becoming a successful entrepreneur.be on your way to [sth] v expr (be traveling to a place)在去往…的路上Rachel is on her way to Oxford to attend a business meeting.be on your way to doing [sth] v expr (make progress towards [sth])在…的过程中The research team is on its way to completing the first stage of the project.one thing leads to another expr (one action begins a series) (用于直接进入结论时)一件事情引发另一件One thing led to another, and now she's pregnant.one-to-one, one-on-one n informal (private talk)一对一谈话；私下谈话备注: American English prefers "one-on-one", while British English has a slight preference for "one-to-one".one-to-one, one-on-one adj (between individuals)一对一的；私下的Can we have a one-to-one chat soon? I had a one-to-one meeting with my manager at work.one-to-one adj (having only one match)一对一的In database structure, a one-to-one relationship means an entity in one table maps only to a single entity in another table.one to one, one on one adv (on an individual or personal basis)一对一地；私下地You will have the opportunity to speak to an advisor one to one.only too ... to do [sth] adv (especially)非常…做某事备注: Followed by an adjective.He is only too keen to leave school.onto, on to prep (on top of)到…之上；朝…之上Anna climbed a ladder to get onto the roof.安娜爬上梯子到屋顶之上去。onto [sth], on to [sth] prep slang (aware: of [sb]'s plans, etc.)察觉到；意识到；对…了解Tom thinks he's being clever, but his mother is onto his little scheme.汤姆自认为自己很聪明，不过母亲已经察觉到了他的小计谋。onto [sb], on to [sb] prep slang (aware of what [sb] is like)识破某人Everyone else is charmed by that smooth talker, but I'm onto him!其他所有人都被那个油嘴滑舌的家伙给迷惑了，不过我识破了他的花言巧语。open to [sth] adj + prep (without cover)没有盖子的；敞开的The back of the pickup truck is open to the sky.小型载货卡车的后部是敞开的。open to [sb] adj + prep (unrestricted)不受限制的；向…开放的Registration is open to everybody.注册是向所有人开放的。open to [sth], open to doing [sth] adj + prep (accepting)愿意接受新观念的；开明的，开放的Martin is open to those of all political persuasions.I'm open to having a discussion about this issue.马丁对于所有政治派别都持开放的态度。// 我愿意就这个问题进行讨论。open to [sth], open onto [sth] vi + prep (give access to [sth])通向；通往The door opens to a large courtyard.open to [sth] adj + prep figurative (person: receptive) (指人)对...持开放态度的；乐意接受I'm still open to new ideas.open to [sth] adj + prep (exposed, vulnerable)暴露在…之下的；容易受到（攻击、批评等）的If you don't use an antivirus program, your computer will be open to attack.如果你不使用防毒软件的话，你的电脑就容易受到攻击。open out to [sth] v expr (be unfolded)展开成；铺开成The foldaway bed opens out to full size.open to all adj (accessible to everyone)对所有人开放的；面向任何人的；谁都可以的We've carried out alterations to make sure that the building is open to all, not just the able-bodied.open to attack adj (vulnerable to being attacked)易受攻击的The enemy soldiers were in the middle of a field, open to attack, not hidden away.open to attack adj figurative (easy to criticize)易遭非议的；易被批评的Celebrities who talk about their relationships on TV are open to attack in the newspapers.open to criticism adj (willing to listen to criticism)愿意接受批评的；欢迎批评的I'm open to criticism so please be honest with me.open to new ideas adj (receptive, broad minded)易于接受新思想的, 易接受新观念的；想法开明的My boss is open to new ideas, he always listens to our suggestions.open to the public adj (that can be visited by anyone)向公众开放的；对外开放的The park is open to the public every summer.open [sth] up to [sb] v expr figurative (extend to include)对…打开，对…开放Email was opened up to the public in the early 1990s.open [sb]'s eyes to [sth] v expr figurative (make [sb] aware of reality)让...认清； (比喻)让...睁开眼看清楚open your eyes to [sth] vtr (become aware of)开阔眼界；增长见识You need to open your eyes to the beauty around you.Open your eyes to how deceitfully she has behaved.open your mind to [sth] v expr (accept possibility)开阔心胸；使人心胸开阔Immersing yourself in a different culture can open your mind to new ways of thinking.open yourself to criticism v expr (accept being judged)接受批评be opposed to [sth] v expr (disagree with, disapprove of)不同意；反对I am not opposed to change, but these proposals don't seem sensible.opposite to prep (word, concept: antonym of) (单词、观念等)与…（意思）相反Up is opposite to down.opposite to prep (antithesis of)与…对立；和…形成对照opt to do [sth] v expr (choose to do)选择做The children opted to do their homework instead of their chores.order [sb] to do [sth] v expr (command)命令某人做某事I'm ordering you to put that money back and apologize.我在命令你，把钱放回去，向人道歉。orient [sth] to [sth], orient [sth] toward [sth] (US), orientate [sth] towards [sth] (UK) vtr + prep (adjust, position [sth])定位；定向；摆正方位Sally oriented her plants to the south for the best sunlight.ought, ought to do [sth] v expr (should) (表示劝告或建议)应该，应当； (表示预期)应该，应当You really ought to drive more carefully.你真的应该更小心地驾驶。usage: suggestionsYou can make a suggestion about what you and someone else should do by asking a question beginning with ‘Shall we...?’Shall we go out for dinner?You can also suggest what you and someone else should do by using a sentence that begins with ‘Let’s...' and ends with ‘...shall we?’Let's have a cup of tea, shall we?ought to do [sth] v expr (be morally obliged)理应；应当Everyone ought to strive for a fairer society.所有人都应当为一个更加公平的社会而努力奋斗。ought to do [sth] v expr (be likely) (表示可能性)该，应该If we set out at 8am, that ought to give us plenty of time.如果早上8点出发，这样应该就能给我们预留充足的时间了。ought not to do [sth], ought not do [sth] v expr (should not)不该；不应当You ought not to tell your brother what's happened. He might be upset.ought to do v expr informal (should suffice)应该可以；应该够了That patch I put on the roof ought to do until the roofer comes.out of proportion to [sth], out of all proportion to [sth] adj + prep figurative (exaggerated, excessive)不成比例；不相称Your anger is out of proportion to the insult.out to lunch expr (out of the office)外出就餐，不在办公室out to lunch expr figurative, informal (mentally absent)神志不清的，疯狂的outsource [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (work: contract out)把…外包给某人The company outsourced hiring to an external human relations firm.overanxious to please adj (fawning, obsequious)过分讨好的；谄媚的；overreact to [sth] vi + prep (respond excessively to)对…反应过度My mother overreacted to the news of my pregnancy by calling every person in our extended family.owe [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (be in debt to [sb])欠某人…钱I owe a fortune to my creditors.我欠债主一大笔钱。owe [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep figurative (have: thanks to [sb/sth])幸亏有了某人才；亏得有某人才He owed his life to the medical skills of his surgeon.I owe my good looks to my beautiful grandmother.幸亏有了外科医生的好技术，他才捡回一条命。// 幸亏有我美丽的外祖母，我才生得漂亮。owing to prep (because of)由于；因为John and Julie were late, owing to the traffic.由于交通拥堵，所以约翰跟朱莉迟到了。own up to [sth] v expr (confess responsibility for)承认，坦白Nobody owned up to the theft, so the teacher gave the whole class a detention.packed to the rafters adj figurative, informal (room, building: full)挤满的；人山人海的pain [sb] to do [sth] v expr figurative (cause mental pain) (比喻精神上)做某事使某人痛苦It pains me to see you do embarrassing things like that.看着你做那样尴尬的事情，真让我痛苦。pander to [sb] vi + prep (indulge: [sb])迎合；迁就pander to [sth] vi + prep (indulge: [sb]'s whim)迁就；按...行事paperclip [sth] to [sth] vtr (attach with a paperclip)用回形针附上；夹上The cashier paperclipped the check to the invoice.parachute [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (drop by parachute) (用降落伞)将...空投给Supplies were parachuted to the climbers last night.parallel to [sth] adv + prep (alongside)与...并排地；与...平行地The street runs parallel to the railroad track.那条街跟铁道平行。partial to [sth] adj + prep (fond of)偏好…的I am rather partial to anything chocolate. Raphaël is partial to a glass of good wine.party to [sth], a party to [sth] adj (involved in [sth])参加；参与；卷入I refuse to be party to all your lies and deceit!我拒绝参与你任何的谎言与欺骗！pass [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (object: give, hand)把…递给He passed the pen to her.他把钢笔递给了她。pass [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (ball: transfer to [sb]) (体育运动)把（球）传给He passed the basketball to his teammate, then his teammate shot it.他把球传给队友，随即队友就投篮了。passport to [sth] n figurative ([sth] providing admission) (比喻)…的通行证Fame and money are not necessarily a passport to happiness.patch [sb] through to [sb/sth] v expr dated (telephone: connect to external line) (电话，过时用语)把…转接给，把…转到The operator patched me through to our London branch.电话操作员帮我转接了伦敦办事处。pause to do [sth] v expr (stop for purpose)停下来做某事Oliver paused to think, before continuing with his work.pave the way for [sth], pave the way to [sth] v expr figurative (be leading to)为…创造条件；为…铺平道路New research is paving the way for a cancer vaccine.pay [sb] to do [sth] v expr (offer money to do [sth])付钱给某人做某事They paid him to redecorate their house.他们付钱给他，让他重新装修他们的房子。pay [sb] [sth] to do [sth] v expr (give money in exchange)给某人…（钱）做某事My dad paid me five pounds to clean his car.我爸付我5英镑，让我给他洗车。pay [sth] (to [sb]) vtr (respects, tribute: show)致以（敬意）；表达（尊敬）He paid his respects to the king.他向国王致以敬意。pay to do [sth] v expr figurative (be beneficial)对…有利；对…有好处It usually pays to be nice to people.对别人好通常会有好报。pay a courtesy call to [sb], pay [sb] a courtesy call v expr (make diplomatic visit)国事访问；外交访问pay attention to [sth] v expr (take notice of)注意Please pay attention to this important information.请注意听这一条重要信息。pay attention to [sth] v expr (concentrate on)注意；仔细听Pay close attention to every word he says.请仔细听他说的每一个字。pay attention to [sb] v expr (listen to [sb])注意听…说；注意听…的话Pay attention to me when I'm trying to tell you something important.我试着告诉你一些重要的事情时，请注意听。pay close attention to [sth] v expr (take notice of [sth])密切注意...Pay close attention to what I say because I won't repeat it.pay heed to [sth], give heed to [sth] v expr (take notice of, listen to)留意；关注You need to pay heed to the explanation leaflet before you take the medication.pay homage to [sb/sth] vtr (show one's respect towards)向…表示敬意The worshippers paid homage to their leader.pay homage to [sb/sth] vtr (do [sth] as a tribute to)以…向…致敬Fans organized a candlelit vigil to pay homage to their fallen star.pay lip service to [sth/sb], pay [sth/sb] lip service v expr figurative (give superficial attention)口惠而实不至Obama paid lip service to closing Guantanamo, but he hasn't taken action yet.pay marked attentions to [sb] v expr (attempt to seduce) (求爱时)对…殷情备至pay no attention to v expr (ignore, not take notice of)没留意Pay no attention to his rudeness.pay special attention to [sth] v expr (take specific note of)特别留意；特别关注The math teacher said we should pay special attention to the negative signs.pay to the order of expr (cheque: pay amount specified to) (支票)收款人pay tribute to [sb/sth] v expr (speak respectfully of)向…致敬Everyone paid tribute to the firemen's bravery in rescuing the child.pay your respects to [sb], pay your last respects to [sb], pay your final respects to [sb] v expr (honour [sb] who has died)向...告别；凭吊He went to the funeral to pay his last respects to his beloved teacher.他去了葬礼，向他挚爱的老师道别。pay your respects to [sb] v expr (greet [sb] courteously)（登门）问候…以示敬意While I'm visiting in town I should pay my respects to the mayor; he's an old friend of my father's.payable to [sb/sth] adj + prep (to be paid to a named person)支付给Please make your check payable to the organization, not to me directly.peculiar to [sb/sth] adj + prep (unique to, characteristic of)是…特有的；是…独有的；专属于That expression is peculiar to British English; most Americans wouldn't understand it.那种表达法是英式英语中独有的，多数美国人听不懂。peer-to-peer adj (computing: capable of direct sharing) (计算机)点对点技术permit [sb] to do [sth] v expr (allow to do)允许某人做某事；准许某人做某事Lisa's parents permitted her to go to the party.丽莎的父母准许她去参加聚会。person-to-person adv (directly between two people)直接地, 面对面地They cleared up the misunderstanding when they spoke person-to-person.person-to-person adj (directly between two people)直接的, 面对面的The disease is transmitted by person-to-person contact.persuade [sb] to do [sth] v expr (cause to do)促使某人做某事；使得某人做某事；说服某人做某事Wendy persuaded Paula to ask the boss for a pay rise.温蒂说服了宝拉去跟老板要求加薪。pertain to [sth] vi + prep (relate, be relevant to)与…有关；关于Please limit your discussion to facts that pertain to the case.请仅讨论与本案有关的事实。pertain to [sth] vi + prep (belong to)属于...These are duties that pertain to our ministry.pertaining to prep (having to do with)关于The word 'avuncular' means 'pertaining to uncles'.be pertinent to [sth] v expr (be relevant to [sth])与…有关I have some new evidence that is pertinent to the investigation.pester [sb] to do [sth] v expr (keep insisting that [sb] do [sth])喋喋不休地让某人做某事The wife pestered her husband to take out the trash.petition [sb], petition [sb] to do [sth] vtr (make formal request to)向…提出...的正式请求；向...申请做某事Parents petitioned the principal to cancel the assembly.pin [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (attach with a pin)将...钉在；将...钉牢在James pinned the poster to the noticeboard.詹姆斯将海报钉在告示板上。pine to do [sth] v expr (person: yearn)向往；渴望Sasha was pining to get away from her home town.萨沙向往着离开自己的家乡。pinion [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep figurative (person: pin against)固定在…；固定住The police officer pinioned the criminal to the ground.plan to do [sth] vi + prep (intend)计划；规划We're planning to buy a house next year.我们计划明年买房子。play [sth] according to the rules v expr (game, sports) (在比赛、游戏中等)遵守规则Play the game according to the rules outlined below.请遵照下方说明的规则进行游戏。play according to the rules, play by the rules v expr (game, sports)遵守比赛规则At the beginning of the game, the referee reminded the players to play by the rules.play according to the rules, play by the rules v expr figurative (behave fairly) (比喻)遵守游戏规则It's best to play according to the rules if you want to get on at work.play hard to get v expr (act aloof toward potential mate)欲擒故纵； (口语)玩矜持David really wants Zoe to be his girlfriend, but she's always playing hard to get with him.play it close to the chest, play it close to your chest v expr figurative (avoid taking risks)不露声色；谨慎小心play second fiddle, play second fiddle to [sb] v expr figurative (be considered less important)当...的副手；位于...之后She always played second fiddle to her talented older sister.play to the gallery v expr (show off)哗众取宠；炫耀plead guilty, plead guilty to [sth], plead guilty to doing [sth] v expr (defendant: declare guilt)认罪He told his lawyer he was going to plead guilty to all the charges against him.他告诉律师，自己打算对所有的指控认罪。plead not guilty, plead not guilty to [sth], plead not guilty to doing [sth] v expr (defendant: declare innocence)辩称无罪pleased to meet you interj (greeting)见到你很高兴Pleased to meet you, Mr Green; I trust you had a good journey?很高兴见到你，格林先生，我相信你有一个愉快的旅程。pleasing to the eye adj (pleasant to look at)美观；悦目pledge [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (promise)向...以...发誓；向...以...立誓；向...以...起誓Glenn pledged his heart to Emma.格伦向艾玛发誓自己是真心的。pledge to do [sth] v expr (promise to do [sth])发誓做；许诺做Christina pledged to support her friend through this difficult time.克里斯蒂娜发誓要帮助朋友熬过低谷期。pledge [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (bind to a promise)使…保证…Amanda pledged everyone to secrecy.阿曼达要求每个人都保密。pledge allegiance to [sb/sth], swear allegiance v expr (promise to be loyal to [sb], [sth])宣誓效忠于plenty to do n (many tasks to be done)很多要做的事There's plenty to do here if you're bored.plenty to do n (enough to keep one occupied)够忙的了；有够多的事要忙Sorry, I can't help you with that - I've plenty to do already.plot to do [sth] v expr (conspire)密谋；阴谋筹划He plotted to get his boss sacked.他阴谋筹划要让上司被解雇。pluck up courage to do [sth], pluck up the courage to do [sth] v expr (be brave enough to do [sth])鼓起勇气做某事Tina plucked up the courage to tell her parents that she was pregnant.point at [sth], point to [sth] vtr + prep (indicate, esp. with finger) (用手指)指着，指向The little boy pointed at the sky, following a plane with his finger.那个小男孩指着天空，手指跟着一架飞机一起移动。point to [sth] vtr + prep figurative (suggest, indicate)指向；指出；表明All the signs point to Smith being the murderer.所有迹象都表明，史密斯就是那个杀人凶手。point to [sth] vi + prep (show, indicate [sth])表明；显示；体现The survey points to his deep unpopularity.point [sb] to [sth] vtr (direct)给...指出She pointed us to the door.她指给了我们门的位置。point to [sth] vi + prep (indicate with index finger)用手指向She pointed to the sweets on the shelf.她指向货架上的糖果。point-to-point n UK (type of horse race)定点越野赛马；越野障碍赛马point-to-point, point to point adj (from one specific location to another)点对点备注: Hyphens are used when the adjective precedes the noun.be poised to do [sth] expr (about to do)准备做；准备好做The cat was poised to leap onto the counter when I walked into the room.我走进房间时，猫正准备跳到台子上。pose a risk to [sb/sth], pose a threat to [sb/sth] v expr (endanger)对…构成风险，对…构成危险Neil's reckless behaviour poses a risk to everyone on the team.post [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep often passive (assign [sb] to a station)派遣（某人）到（某岗位）The enlisted man was posted to a sniper unit near the town.这位应征入伍的士兵被派遣到了小镇附近的一个狙击小队中。post [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (assign [sb] to a job)分配（某人）到…工作She was posted from headquarters to a field office.她被调离了总部，分配到一个外地办事处工作。pour your heart out, pour your heart out to [sb] v expr figurative (confide in [sb])对…推心置腹When she split up from her boyfriend, she poured her heart out to me.power to act n (law: right to intervene)可进行干预或采取行动的合法权力；行动权power to act n (authority to take action)授权采取行动Power to the people! interj (left-wing slogan)权力属于人民！pray to [sth/sb] vi + prep (call upon: god)向…祈祷；向…祷告The Maya prayed to many gods and goddesses.玛雅人向许多神祗和女神祈祷。preach to [sb] vi + prep (priest, minister: to congregation) (牧师等)向…布道，向…传道The vicar is preaching to the congregation.牧师正在向教众布道。predispose, predispose [sb] to [sth], predispose [sb] towards [sth] vtr + prep (make likely or inclined)使某人（预先）倾向于；使某人偏向于；让某人有...的倾向Although genetic factors predispose me to diabetes, I haven't developed the disease.predispose [sb] to do [sth], predispose [sb] towards doing [sth] v expr (make likely to do)使...倾向于做...predisposed to [sth] adj + prep (having a natural tendency to)倾向于…；易于…I'm starting to think I'm predisposed to addictive behaviour.prefer [sth/sb] to [sth/sb] vtr + prep (like better than)相对于…更喜欢, 相对于…偏好I prefer blues music to jazz.相对于爵士乐，我更喜欢蓝调音乐。prefer to do [sth] v expr (favor or like more)乐于；更愿意；较喜欢My husband likes to watch television in the evenings, but I prefer to read.我老公晚上喜欢看电视，不过我更愿意阅读。preparatory to [sth], preparatory to doing [sth] expr (prior to, before)在…前的；预备的Preparatory to his visit to the dentist's, Peter brushed his teeth very carefully.prepare to do [sth] vi + prep (get ready: to do)准备好做；做好准备做Prepare to be amazed!准备好目瞪口呆吧！prepared to do [sth] expr (willing)愿意做；做好做…的准备Helen was prepared to help Sally, as long as Sally didn't expect her to do all the work.海伦愿意帮助萨丽，但前提是萨丽不要求她把工作全部揽下。present [sb] to [sb] vtr + prep formal (person: introduce to [sb])介绍, 引见Governor, may I present Mr. Johnson to you?州长阁下，我可以向您引见约翰逊先生吗？present [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (confer, give to)把…授予...It gives me great pleasure to present this award to you.我很荣幸把这份奖项授予你。present [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (give as a gift)送…礼物They presented a bouquet of flowers to the winner.present [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (plan, idea: introduce) (计划、想法等)向…描述, 向…介绍He presented his plan to increase sales to his co-workers.他向同事们介绍增加销量的计划。present [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (perform for [sb])为…表演；为…呈上We are proud to present the play "Hamlet" to you tonight.今晚，我们很荣幸为各位呈上戏剧《哈姆雷特》。press [sb] to do [sth] v expr (hurry)敦促；催促Gabrielle pressed her assistant to finish addressing the envelopes.press [sb] to do [sth] v expr (harass)催逼；逼迫；紧逼The bill collector presses debtors to pay, calling at all hours of the day.pressure [sb] to do [sth] v expr figurative (coerce)强迫某人做某事The salesman pressured his customer to buy.销售人员强迫顾客购买。presume to do [sth] v expr (dare)竟敢Are you presuming to tell me what to do?你竟敢对我指手画脚？pretend to do [sth] v expr (feign)假装做某事；装作要做某事Raphaël pretended to eat Audrey's ice cream.拉法尔假装要吃奥德丽的冰淇淋。pretend to do [sth] v expr (playact)假装做某事；装着做某事Veronica pretended to feed her dolls cake.维罗妮卡假装给自己的洋娃娃喂蛋糕吃。pretend to be [sb/sth] v expr (playact, imagine)扮成, 扮作She pretended to be a princess.她将自己扮成一位公主。pretend not to do [sth] v expr (dissimulate) (忽略)假装, 装作She pretended not to hear him when he said that he loved her.当他说他爱她的时候，她装作没有听见。pretend to [sth] vi + prep archaic (claim)妄求；觊觎The young duke pretended to the Throne.prevail on [sb] to do [sth], prevail upon v expr (persuade: [sb] to do [sth])劝说；说服He prevailed on the jury to hear of his innocence, but they labelled him guilty anyway.他劝说陪审团自己是无辜的，但陪审团依旧认定他有罪。previous to prep (before, prior to)在…之前；在…以前I lived in Blackpool previous to coming here.prior to [sth] prep (before [sth])在…之前Prior to the burglary, two men were seen hanging around outside the house.盗窃发生之前，有人看见有两个人在房子外面闲晃。prior to doing [sth] expr (before doing [sth])在...之前We went to the farmers' market prior to going to the pharmacy.在去药房之前，我们去了一趟农场集市。prior to this adv (previously, before this)在此之前，此前Prior to this, Jermaine had never mentioned the subject.privy to [sth] adj + prep (knowing: [sth] confidential)对…私下知情的I can't tell you; I'm not privy to that information.proceed to [sth] vi + prep (go to)前往；向…前进Please proceed to gate 9 and wait for further instructions.请前往9号登机口，并等候进一步的指示。proceed to do [sth] v expr (do next)接下来做；继续做After a slow beginning, the team proceeded to defeat their opponents.比赛开始比较缓慢，接下来这个队伍打败了对手。prod [sb] to do [sth], prod [sb] into doing [sth] v expr figurative (prompt to do [sth])督促某人做某事Mary resents having to prod her son to finish his homework.profess to do [sth] v expr (claim)声称；自称She professes to know several governors personally.program [sth] to do [sth] v expr (set: to perform a task)设定…做…I programmed the VCR to record the football game.我把录像机设定好，录制足球赛。promise to do [sth] v expr (commit to doing)保证做某事I promise to finish the work by the end of the week.我保证在周末前完成工作。promise to pay n (promissory note)承诺付款；承兑prompt [sb] to do [sth] v expr (encourage [sb] to do [sth])鼓励某人做某事；激励某人做某事It was James's mother who prompted him to apply for university courses.是詹姆士的母亲鼓励了他申请大学。prone to [sth] adj + prep (susceptible)可能…的；倾向于…的；容易I am prone to migraine headaches; I get one at least once a month.我容易患偏头痛，每个月至少会复发一次。prone to doing [sth] expr (tending to do)倾向做某事的；有意于做某事的；喜欢做某事的Alan is prone to taking days off without bothering to give an explanation.艾伦总是喜欢请假，甚至连借口都懒得找。proper to prep (characteristic of)是…特有的；为…的特色proper to prep (befitting, appropriate to)适合于…；与…相称proportional to [sth] adj + prep (in proportion)按比例的Her head is proportional to her shoulders.propose to do [sth] v expr (plan, intend)计划做某事，打算做某事Do you really propose to try to swim the Channel without any further preparation?你真的打算不再做进一步准备就游泳横渡海峡？propose to [sb] vi + prep (ask to marry)向…求婚He proposed to me on the beach at midnight.他午夜时在海滩上向我求婚。prove to be [sth] v expr (turn out to be)事实证明…The detective's hunch proved to be right.侦探的预感被证明是对的。provoke, provoke [sb] into (doing) [sth], provoke [sb] to (do) [sth] vtr (incite [sb] to do [sth])激起某人做某事；煽动某人做某事His article provoked me into writing a letter to The Times.我在他的文章的煽动下，写了一封信给《泰晤士报》。purport to do [sth] v expr (claim to do)声称Amber's research purports to show that eating chocolate is good for you.安柏尔的研究声称能证明吃巧克力对你有好处。purport to be [sth] v expr (claim to be)声称为，据称为The novel purports to be the autobiography of a 100-year-old man.这本小说声称是一名百岁老人的自传。pursuant to, pursuant to [sth] prep formal (legal: in accordance with) (法律)依据...，根据...The police officers searched the house pursuant to a warrant signed by a judge.push [sb] to do [sth], push [sb] into [sth], push [sb] into doing [sth] vtr (urge, coerce)促使某人做某事He pushed her to go to the store with him.push your way to/through/past v expr (move by shoving)挤着前移至，推搡着前行到；挤着穿过，推搡着穿过He rudely pushed his way to the stage.push yourself to do [sth] v expr (strive hard to do [sth])努力去做be pushed to do [sth] v expr informal (have a hard time doing)为难的；处于窘境的put [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr (drive, force)迫使...做某事；逼迫...陷入The tank corps put the enemy infantry to flight.put a halt to [sth] v expr (end [sth], call a stop to [sth])阻止，让…停止Quick action by the authorities put a halt to the street riots after the football match.put a stop to [sth] vtr (end, curtail)制止；停止The students are cheating; we'll put a stop to that right away.Prohibition did not put a stop to people drinking alcohol, in fact the reverse was true.put an end to [sth] vtr (stop, curtail)结束，终止；杀死The fall put an end to her skiing career. I'll put an end to this nonsense right away!put [sth] down to [sth] v expr UK, informal (consider as reason) (书面)归因于，归结为；是因为Sharon never speaks to me; I put it down to shyness.莎伦从不跟我说话，我把这归因于她的腼腆害羞。put [sth] down to [sth] v expr (ascribe to)归因于Jake's parents put his mood swings down to him being a teenager.put it to [sb] that v expr (assert, posit)断定；断言put [sth/sb] out to pasture v expr figurative (retire: [sb] or [sth] obsolete) (人)使…退休, 被迫离职put [sth] out to pasture v expr (cattle: leave to graze) (牛、羊等)放牧Let's wait until the weather warms up before we put the herd out to pasture.put out to sea v expr (leave land, embark)出航；起航；出海We put out to sea expecting an easy voyage, but the storm quickly forced us back to port.put paid to [sth] v expr informal (cause to end abruptly)中断，了结；使...告吹，使...泡汤The heavy rain put paid to Jan's idea of having a picnic in the park.put pen to paper v expr (start to write)下笔；开写put the finishing touches on, put the finishing touches to v expr (complete: [sth])对…进行收尾；做…最后的工作；画龙点睛I just need to put the finishing touches on my painting.put the screws on [sb], US also: put the screws to [sb] v expr figurative, informal (force, coerce [sb])威逼；胁迫put [sb] through to [sb] v expr (connect with: on phone) (打电话)帮…接通…的电话We will now put you through to the coordinator.I'll put you through to the switchboard.我们现在把你的电话转给协调员。//我帮你转总机。put [sb] to bed v expr (tuck into bed)把…安顿上床睡觉I read my daughter a story every night when I put her to bed.put [sth] to bed v expr figurative, informal (stop, end)终止；使停止It's time we put all these vicious rumours to bed.put [sth] to bed v expr figurative, informal (prepare for printing)把…付印It's always a race to put the latest magazine issue to bed.put [sb] to death v expr often passive (execute)处决；处死In the past, criminals were often put to death in the most brutal manner.put [sth] to good use v expr (use effectively)有效利用；好好利用；使…得以充分利用I'm going to put my lunch hour to good use by going to the supermarket.Chicken bones can be put to good use by using them to make soup.be put to it to do [sth] v expr informal (have difficulty)使陷入困境put [sth] to one side v expr figurative (save) (钱等)储存, 存I'll put it to one side and eat it later.put [sth] to one side v expr figurative (disregard)不理会, 忽视, 不顾Let's put this problem to one side for the moment and consider more important issues.He found it too hard, so he just put it to one side.put [sth] to one side v expr (place to the side)把…放在一边, 将…搁到一旁Put the cake to one side and start making the icing.put to sea v expr (ship: leave land) (船只)出海The aircraft carrier put to sea with eighty aircraft aboard.put to sea v expr (crew, sailor: set sail)出海； (海员等)出航We'll put to sea again once the sails have been repaired.put [sb/sth] to shame v expr (cause to look inferior)使…相形见绌；使羞愧；使丢脸My colleague's English is so much better than my French; she puts me to shame.put [sb] to sleep v expr (make sleepy)使…入眠, 使…失去知觉, 使睡着The sleeping pills quickly put me to sleep.put [sth] to sleep v expr euphemism (animal: euthanize) (动物等)使...无痛苦地死去, 人道地杀死, 使安乐死I was heartbroken when my cat had to be put to sleep.put [sb] to sleep v expr figurative (bore) (因枯燥无聊)让…昏昏欲睡His lecture put me to sleep in no time.put [sth/sb] to the test v expr (check performance)考验；经受检验The new safety procedures were put to the test when there was a fire in the basement.put [sb/sth] to use v expr (make use of [sb/sth])使用，利用put [sb] to work v expr (give a job, task to) (工作、任务)把…交给某人put [sth] to work v expr (use)让…发挥作用，让…投入工作Good investors say you should put your money to work if you want to make even more money.put your nose to the grindstone v expr figurative (work hard)辛勤工作；刻苦工作put yourself out to do [sth] v expr informal (go to trouble)不厌其烦地做…；不嫌麻烦地做…She never puts herself out to help me.qualified to do [sth] expr (having expertise to do [sth])有资格做...Theresa thinks she is qualified to judge other people's parenting even though she has no children.特蕾莎认为即便自己没有孩子，也有资格对其他人如何养育孩子评头论足。qualify [sb] to do [sth] v expr (educate, prepare)使…有资格从事This course will qualify students to teach at secondary level.这堂课程会使学生们有资格从事中学水平的教育工作。qualify [sb] to do [sth] v expr figurative (make eligible, give right)使…有资格做；使…能胜任I think your years of experience as a mother qualify you to give her advice.be quick to do [sth] v expr (swift, prompt to do)很快；迅速He was quick to realize that the baby was sick.他很快意识到宝宝生病了。be quick to do [sth] v expr (do [sth] hastily)性急的；仓促的Don't be so quick to make this important decision.raise [sb] to [sth] vtr (promote: in rank)提升…的等级；提高…的级别；晋升After his bravery in battle, he was raised to the rank of major.range from [sth] to [sth] vi + prep (vary) (情感等)从…与…之间转换His reactions ranged from anger to happiness.他的愤怒变成了欣喜。range from [sth] to [sth] vi + prep (span [sth])从…到…（范围）The age of the audience members ranged from young to quite elderly.观众中既有年轻人，也有年纪非常大的人。raring to do [sth] expr informal (eager, keen to: do [sth])迫不及待；跃跃欲试I'm raring to eat a whole pizza tonight.raring to go expr informal (keen to start [sth])渴望；迫切希望Everyone on the team was excited about the new project and raring to go.rat to [sb] vi + prep slang (be an informant to)向…告密Nigel wondered which member of the gang had ratted to the cops.奈杰尔想知道是哪个团伙成员向警察告的密。rat [sb] out to [sb] v expr slang (inform on)向某人泄露某人的秘密；向某人告发某人After George cheated on the test, Jessica ratted him out to the teacher.raze [sth] to the ground v expr (building: destroy completely)夷为平地reaccustom [sb] to [sth], re-accustom [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (get [sb] used to [sth] again)使某人重新习惯某事react to [sth] vi + prep (person, animal)应对；反应Workers reacted to the news of planned job losses by staging a strike.为应对裁员传闻，工人们组织了一次罢工。reactive to [sth] adj + prep (tending to react or respond)容易起反应的；反应性的Our cat is old and not very reactive to mice or rats.read [sb] the riot act, read the riot act to [sb] v expr figurative, informal (reprimand)对…提出警告，严厉斥责My curfew is midnight, but I got home at three in the morning, and my mom read me the riot act.ready to do [sth] expr (on the point of)即将；马上就He looks like he's ready to jump.看来他即将要跳了。ready to do [sth] expr informal (close to doing)快要；马上要The poor woman looked ready to cry.那个可怜的妇女看起来快要哭了。ready to do [sth] expr (prepared)准备好Are you ready to help?你准备好帮忙了吗?ready to burst adj informal, figurative (very excited)随时会爆发；即将爆发I'm ready to burst: I can't wait to tell you the good news!ready to cry adj (close to tears)快要哭了的；就要哭了的John seemed about ready to cry after Linda called him ugly.Her lower lip would always tremble whenever she was ready to cry.ready to drop adj slang, vulgar (heavily pregnant) (口语，表示孩子快要出生)准备卸货；即将分娩She's so huge she must be ready to drop any day now.ready to drop adj US (tired)快累垮了I shouldn't have done that long hike after the gym: I'm ready to drop!ready-to-serve adj (food: can be eaten immediately)即食的, 速食的The company manufactures ready-to-serve food products.ready-to-wear adj (clothing: retail)现成的reallocate, reallocate [sth], reallocate [sth] to [sb] vtr (apportion or distribute again)再分配；重新分派During the lawsuit, the company had to reallocate funds for lawyers.reappoint [sb] to [sth] vtr (assign to a position again)重新任命...为；重新选派...为there is reason to believe, there is reason to believe that expr (there are grounds for believing)有理由相信There is reason to believe that the man is lying.have reason to believe, have reason to believe that v expr (have grounds for believing)有理由相信reassign [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (assign to [sb] again) (给人)把…重新分配给reassign [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (assign [sth] again) (给事物)把…重新分配给reauthorize [sb] to do [sth], also UK: reauthorise [sb] to do [sth] v expr (give [sb] new permission)重新授权某人做某事recommend [sth], recommend [sth] to [sb] vtr (endorse)推荐；向某人称赞某事Several friends have recommended this restaurant to me.几个朋友都向我推荐这家餐厅。recommission [sb] to do [sth] v expr (employ again to do [sth])重新雇用...做reconcile [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (get [sb] to accept [sth])使接受；使适应Once Maria had reconciled her children to her new relationship, they all got on very well with her boyfriend.玛利亚设法使自己的孩子们接受她的新恋爱关系后，孩子们都与她男朋友处得很融洽。reconcile yourself to [sth] v expr (accept [sth])接受；随遇而安；顺应，适应When Malcolm failed his test for the tenth time, he reconciled himself to the fact that driving was a skill he would never master.开车是马尔科姆永远无法掌握的技能，在驾考失败十次以后，他终于接受了这个现实。be reconciled with [sth], be reconciled to [sth] v expr (accept: a situation)接受reconnect [sth] with [sth], reconnect [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (link again)再连接；重新接通I'm almost finished reconnecting the sound system to the TV.recur, recur to [sb] (that) vi (return to mind)重新浮现；重现The idea keeps recurring to me that I should throttle you.redound to [sth/sb] vi + prep (have an impact on)影响；产生影响reduce [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (lessen, decrease)将…减少到；使…变少到By extending the term of her mortgage, Jane reduced her monthly payments to £400.简延长了自己的贷款还款期限，将每月分期付款减少到400英镑。reduce [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (rate, etc.: lower) (汇率等)降低到The Bank of England has reduced interest rates to 0.5%.英格兰银行已经将利率降到0.5％。reduce [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (lower the quantity to)将…削减到；将…缩减至Ian is giving up smoking and has reduced the number of cigarettes he smokes each day to three.伊安正在戒烟，将每天抽的烟削减到三根。reduce [sb] to doing [sth] v expr often passive (worsen status of)使沦落A once-wealthy woman, she has been reduced to begging in the street.reduce [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (simplify, condense)将…概括成；将…简化为The conflict cannot be reduced to a simple view of good versus evil.reduce [sb] to doing [sth] v expr usually passive (make resort to)使…不得不；使…被迫做We were so poor back then that we were reduced to living on peanut butter and crackers.reduce [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (break down into: pieces)使…碎成；使…破碎成The building was reduced to pieces by the force of the explosion.reduce [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (idea, text: condense) (文章等)将…压缩成，使…精简为That whole speech could be reduced to "Be nice."reduce [sth/sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (worsen condition of)使…沦落到；让…沦落为They have reduced education to rote learning and memorization.She was reduced to poverty.reel-to-reel adj (of old movie or sound recorders)卷带式reexplain [sth] to [sb], re-explain [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (explain again)向...再次解释...refer to [sth/sb] vi + prep (mention, allude to)提到；说到Twain was referring to Shakespeare.马克·吐温提到的是莎士比亚的作品。refer to [sth/sb] vi + prep (be about, concern)与...有关；关于；关系到；涉及What does this call refer to?这个电话说的是什么事情？refer to [sth] vi + prep (consult)参阅；参看He referred to his notes.他参阅了一下自己的笔记。refer to [sb] as [sth] v expr (call: [sb] [sth])把某人称作People refer to Emily as "The Queen" because she always gets her way.因为艾米丽总是随心所欲，所以人们称她为“女王大人”。refer [sb] to [sb] vtr (send to an expert)叫…求助于；向…推荐Bob referred me to you, saying that you are the best lawyer here.鲍勃叫我找你，说你是这里最好的律师。refer [sth] to [sb] vtr ([sth]: direct, send on)将某事委托给某人；将某事转交给某人I'll refer the matter to my lawyer.我会将这件事转交给我的律师去办。refer [sb] to [sb] vtr (medical: send to specialist) (病人)将...转诊给；建议...找另一医生诊疗The doctor referred me to a specialist.医生将我转诊给一位专家。refer to drawer expr UK (banking: consult issuer of cheque)与出票人接洽；洽询发票人be referable to [sth] adj (that may be ascribed: to [sth])可归因于...的referential, referential to, referential to [sth] adj (linguistics: referring to real world)指示的；可参考的The words we use are not referential to anything outside language itself.referred-to adj formal (mentioned)提及的；所述的The referred-to requirements are outlined in the document.refuse to do [sth] v expr (say no)拒不；不愿；不肯The child refused to eat his spinach.这个孩子总是不愿意吃菠菜。refuse to accept [sth] vtr (fact: deny)否认, 不承认Brian refused to accept the fact that he had made a mistake.refuse to accept that v expr (with clause: deny)拒绝相信；拒绝接受He refused to accept that his illness was incurable.refuse to accept [sth] v expr ([sth] offered: not take) (拒绝接受某事物)拒绝接受She refused to accept flowers from men she did not know.refuse to accept [sb] v expr (person: exclude) (拒绝接受某人)拒绝接受Those snotty girls refuse to accept anybody whose parents aren't rich.refuse to acknowledge [sth] v expr (disregard)不搭理；拒不承认The company refused to acknowledge the defect in the product.refuse to acknowledge that v expr (with clause: disregard)不理会, 无视The hotel management refused to acknowledge that my room was dirty.refuse to admit [sth] v expr (deny)拒绝承认The minister refused to admit his inappropriate behaviour.refuse to admit, refuse to admit that v expr (with clause: deny)否认Doris is refusing to admit that she was wrong.refuse to believe [sth] v expr (with object: be unwilling to accept)拒绝相信；拒绝接受She refused to believe his version of events.refuse to believe that v expr (with clause: be unwilling to accept)不愿接受, 无法相信I refuse to believe that he's only interested in her money.refuse to consider [sth] v expr (not accept)拒绝考虑I'm an optimist: I refuse to consider the possibility of failure.refuse to cooperate, refuse to co-operate v expr (be unwilling)拒绝合作The suspect was arrested for refusing to cooperate.refuse to talk v expr (withhold information)拒绝交谈Despite spending hours being interrogated by the police, he refused to talk.relatable to [sth] adj + prep (can be connected to)与...相关的The decrease in the number of hospitalisations is relatable to the increase in people being vaccinated.relate well to [sb] v expr (get along with [sb])与...相处融洽；和...关系处得好For a teenager, she relates well to adults.relating to [sth/sb] prep (concerned with, pertaining to)涉及到；关系到Biology is a science which focuses on everything relating to life and how it functions.relative to [sth] adj + prep (in proportion to)相对于…的；与…相比的His head seems too large relative to the rest of his body.与他身体的其他部分相比，他的头部显得太大了。relative to [sth/sb] adj + prep (relating to)与…有关的；涉及…的Your arguments make no sense relative to the subject we're discussing.你的论点与我们正在讨论的主题毫无关系。relay [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (pass on information to)把…传递给；把…传达给The team leader relayed the boss's message to the staff.团队组长把领导的信息传递给了员工们。relegate [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (consign to lower state or status)降低；贬低There are still some societies where women are firmly relegated to the home.relegate [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep UK, often passive (sport: assign to lower league)降级The team was relegated to the second division.relevant to [sth] adj + prep (related to, pertinent to)与…相关That statement is not relevant to the issue.那个陈述与这个问题并不相关。reluctant to do [sth] expr (unwilling to do)不愿意做某事，不愿做某事Paul was reluctant to take on new responsibilities at work, as he felt he already had too much to do.因为保罗觉得自己已经有太多事情要做，所以很不愿意承担工作中的新任务。remains to be seen expr (cannot be known yet)仍有待观察The truth of the matter remains to be seen.remember to do [sth] v expr (not neglect to do [sth])记得；记着；不忘记Remember to buy some wine for this evening.记得买点葡萄酒今晚上喝。remember [sb] to [sb] vtr + prep (pass on greetings)代某人向某人问好；代某人向某人致意Remember me to her, will you?能代我向她问好吗？rename [sth/sb] to [sth] vtr (change name to)重命名...为The city renamed the road to "Palm Boulevard."rent [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (lease real estate to) (房屋)把…出租给I'm renting that apartment to some students.我要把这间公寓出租给一些学生。usage: ‘hire out’If you hire something from someone, you can say that they hire it out to you. Companies hiring out boats do well in the summer months.rent [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep mainly US (hire out a vehicle to)把…出租给某人The car rental company rented the truck to me.那家汽车租赁公司将卡车出租给了我。repair to [sth] vi + prep literary (go to)去；赴Vincent repaired to his study after dinner to do some more work.repair to v expr formal, literary (go to: a place)到…去After dinner, the gentlemen repaired to the smoking lounge.reply to [sb/sth] vi + prep (answer, respond to)回答；回复He did not reply to my letter.他没有回复我的信。report [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (crime: denounce) (罪行等)告发, 指控, 举报, 揭发She reported the crime to the police.她向警方告发了这一罪行。repugnant to [sth] adj + prep (contradictory)不一致的；矛盾的The thought of killing was repugnant to the new soldier's morals.reputed to be [sb/sth] expr (alleged)被普遍认为是，被公认为是；被宣称是，据称是He is reputed to be the world's richest man.require [sb] to do [sth], require that [sb] do [sth] v expr (order)规定；要求The queen required her subjects to bow.女王规定臣民要向她鞠躬。be required to do [sth] v expr (commanded, ordered)要求做某事；必须做某事You are required to complete this form.你必须完成这张表格。resemblance to [sb] n (physical likeness to [sb] else)和…外表相似The first time I met Graham, I was struck by his resemblance to his father.resemblance to [sth] n (similarity)类似性；相似程度Burmese food has a resemblance to Thai food.resign yourself to [sth] v expr (accept)接受；使屈从Resigning himself to the fact that no one else would help him clear up, Tim rolled up his sleeves and set to work.提姆接受了没人会来帮自己打扫的事实，卷起袖子，开始工作。；resolve to do [sth] vi + prep (firmly decide to do [sth])决心做某事；决意做某事The detective resolved to discover the identity of the killer, no matter what it took.侦探决心，无论以什么代价，都要查明凶手的身份。resort to doing [sth] v expr (do as final option)最终采取；最终依靠于Bill resorted to eating tuna after he ran out of other food.其他食品耗尽之后，比尔最终依赖于吞拿鱼才活了下来。resort to violence v expr (use physical force)诉诸暴力Even if he makes you really angry, you should never resort to violence.There's no need to resort to violence; we can solve this problem through discussion.respond to [sb/sth] vi + prep (answer, reply to)回答；答复She responded to our letter immediately.她立刻答复了我们的信。respond to [sth] vi + prep (react)对…作出反应；回应He responded negatively to my critique.他对我的批评作出了负面回应。respond to [sth] vi + prep (be cured by) (疾病)对...见效The good news is that the cancer seems to be responding to the chemotherapy.好消息是，化疗似乎对癌症见效了。response to stimuli n (biology: physical reactions) (生物)应激反应A characteristic of all living organisms is that they have a response to stimuli. In humans, this is called behavior.responsive to [sth] adj + prep (reacting quickly)对…反应及时；对…应对迅速The company's customer service team is very responsive to enquiries.这家公司的客户服务团队对问询应对十分迅速。responsive to [sth] adj + prep (person: interacting)易受…影响的，容易被…感动的James is responsive to his environment.詹姆斯容易受周围环境影响。responsive to [sth] adj + prep (responding well to treatment) (治疗等)对...反应良好The doctors were worried about the patient's condition, but fortunately she was responsive to the new treatment.医生们都很担心病人的状况，但幸运的是，她对最新的治疗方法反应良好。restrict [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (to area) (范围等)限制, 限定The pub restricted smoking to the beer garden and asked customers not to bring lighted cigarettes indoors.酒吧的吸烟区在户外啤酒花园，客人不能在室内吸烟。restrict [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (limit to)把…限制在；把…控制在Teresa restricts the time her kids spend watching TV to two hours a day.特丽莎把孩子们看电视的时间限制在每天2小时。restrict [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (limit or confine to)将…拘禁在；将…局限于The plan is that violent prisoners will be restricted to their cells.根据计划，行为暴力的犯人将被拘禁在自己的囚室中。restrict yourself to [sth] v expr (limit or confine yourself to)将自己限制在If you restrict yourself to only eating at mealtimes you may actually lose weight.I was conscientious and restricted myself to eating only five cookies.reteach [sb] to do [sth] v expr (train again)重新教...做reteach [sb] how to do [sth] v expr (train again)重新教...怎样做retell [sth] to [sb] vtr (story: recount again)重复讲述After telling his account of the accident to the police, he later had to retell his story to a jury.retire to [sth] vi + prep formal (withdraw: to a place)退隐Trevor retired to a mountain cabin for some peace and quiet to reflect on his life.为了追求平静，反省自己的生活，崔弗退隐到了山中小屋居住。return [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (give back to owner)将某物归还给某人；将某物返还给某人You should return that money to its rightful owner.你应该把那笔钱归还给它的合法所有人。return [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep (take back)把…归还给…，把…还给Please ensure you return your books to the library on time.请一定记得按时把你借的书归还到图书馆。return to [sth] vi + prep (go back to)回；回去；返回I often return to the town I grew up in.我常常回那个小镇去，我在那里长大。usage: going back When someone returns to a place, they go back there after they have been somewhere else. I returned to my hotel.Mr Platt returned from Canada in 1995.Be carefulDon't say that someone ‘returns back’ to a place.Return is a fairly formal word. In conversation and in less formal writing, you usually use go back, come back, or get back.I went back to the kitchen and poured my coffee.I have just come back from a trip to Seattle.I've got to get back to London.Return is also a noun. When someone goes back to a place, you can refer to their arrival there as their return.The book was published only after his return to Russia in 1917.In writing, if you want to say that something happens immediately after someone returns to a place, you can use a phrase beginning with on. For example, you can say ‘On his return to London, he was offered a job’.On her return she wrote the last paragraph of her autobiography.return [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (put back)把…放回Return all books to the appropriate place on the shelf.return to [sth] vi + prep (revert to: earlier condition) (回到之前的状态)回复After eating dinner, I returned to my studies.吃完晚饭后，我继续学习。return to [sth] vi + prep (subject: go back to) (之前的话题)回到Let's return to the subject we touched upon earlier.让我们回到先前涉及到的话题吧。Return to sender. expr written (letter or parcel: undeliverable) (邮件等)退回发件人return to the earth v expr (die and be buried)尘归尘；土归土return to the fold v expr figurative (come back home) (比喻)重返老家，浪子回头I was travelling the world for the last nine years but now I've returned to the fold.return to the roots n (revisiting the origins of [sth])寻根溯源；回归本真This novel is a return to the roots of the genre.return to work v expr (go back to one's job after a holiday)复工return to work v expr (go back into employment)重返工作岗位My sister retired three years ago, but she has returned to work.reversion to [sth] n (return to former ways) (之前的状态等)返回；退回；恢复We were surprised at Helen's reversion to Christianity at the age of sixty.revert to [sth] vi + prep (return to: earlier condition)恢复；回到（之前的状态）The medications ceased to have effect and she has reverted to a vegetative state. After severe trauma, some people revert to childlike behavior.药物不再起效，她又恢复了之前的植物人状态。经受重大创伤后，有的人会回到幼儿的行为状态。revert to [sth] vi + prep (return to: habit, behaviour)恢复；回到（之前的习惯或行为）William swore he would be good from then on, but he soon reverted to his wicked ways.威廉发誓以后要好好做人，但过了不久，又回到之前恶劣的老路上去了。revert to [sth] vi + prep (go back to)复归，回归，返回，回复Some people think we should revert to a barter system instead of money.有人认为我们应该弃用钱钞，回归以物易物制。revert to type v expr (go back to one's usual behaviour)恢复原状，走回老路ride [sb] to do [sth] v expr US, informal, figurative (harass)不停地数落；唠叨She kept riding him to get him to follow the rules.ride over to [sth] v expr US (travel by car to a place)驾车旅行After work, Joel rode over to his buddy's place to watch the game.be right to do [sth] v expr (person: do wisest thing)做某事是对的Abigail was right to leave her husband; he was an awful man.阿比盖尔离开自己老公的行为是对的，他完全是个糟糕的家伙。right next to expr (immediately beside)就在…旁边I have a clock and a lamp right next to my bed.the right thing, the right thing to do n informal (correct action)正确的事，正确做法Of course, the right thing to do would be to confess.right to the end, to the end, to the very end expr (all the way through)直到最后She performed flawlessly right to the end.right to the end, to the end, to the very end expr (to the moment of death)直到生命的最后一刻I promise never to leave you: I'll stand by you right to the end.He suffered a lot, but he was in good spirits right to the end.right to vote n (legal freedom to cast vote)选举权；投票权A hundred years ago, women didn't have the right to vote.right-to-life n as adj (anti-abortion)生命权的，生存权的rise to fame v expr (become well known and popular)声名鹊起rise to fame n (becoming well known and popular)名声大噪，出名rise to power n (process of gaining political power)掌权；得势rise to the bait v expr figurative (give in to provocation)上当受骗rise to the challenge v expr (be equal to a task)迎接挑战rise to the occasion v expr (meet a challenge)应变；妥善应付突发情况It was a difficult game, but the team rose to the occasion and performed brilliantly.rivet [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (fix, secure)把…固定在The engineer riveted the wings to the body of the plane.road to riches n figurative (way to achieve wealth)财富之路；致富之路Adrienne's success with her first business set her on the road to riches.rob Peter to pay Paul v expr figurative (incur a debt to pay another)拆东墙补西墙，剜肉补疮rock [sb] to sleep v expr (swing gently until asleep)轻摇...哄睡觉The father gently rocked his baby son to sleep.romp to victory v expr figurative, informal (win easily)轻松获胜room to spare n (plenty of space)多余的房间It'll all fit in my suitcase with room to spare.rotten to the core adj figurative (person: wicked) (人)烂到心了，坏透了He seemed to be a good person, but in reality he was rotten to the core.rotten to the core adj figurative (system: corrupt) (系统)烂到心了，坏透了There's no end to nepotism and corruption: the government's rotten to the core.rouse [sb] to [sth] vtr (provoke, incite)激起；挑起；激怒His references to mine closures roused anger in the crowd.route to [sth] n figurative (way to achieve [sth]) (达成某事的)途径，道路The route to success is hard work.rumor to do [sth] (US), rumour to do [sth] (UK) v expr usually passive (report by rumor)据传要做某事The actor is rumoured to be in talks with that major studio.rumored to do [sth] (US), rumoured to do [sth] (UK) expr (believed, reported)据传，据说The company is rumored to be launching a new smartphone later this year.run to [sb] vi + prep figurative, informal (have recourse to)求助于；跑去找He always runs to the teacher if you make fun of him.run to [sth] vi + prep (make a quick trip to)马上去；前往We're out of milk; I'll just run to the shops and get some more.run counter to [sth] v expr (go against [sth])违反；与...背道而驰Cheating on an exam runs counter to what my parents told me was the right thing to do.run to fat v expr (put on weight)长胖；发胖sadden [sb] to do [sth] v expr (make sad)使悲伤It saddens me to see you so miserable.safe place to work n (not dangerous)安全工作环境safe to eat adj (food: free from germs and toxins)安全食用的Uncooked meat is not considered safe to eat in many places of the world.safe to say [sth], safe to say that adj informal (true or likely to become true)可以肯定地说It's safe to say that most children love pizza.say [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (utter to)对某人说Rahul, say sorry to your brother.拉胡尔，快对弟弟道歉。say to do [sth] vtr + prep (order to)说做某事，让做某事Dad says to come and eat dinner right now.爸爸让我现在就过来吃晚饭。say farewell, say farewell to [sb] v expr (say goodbye to [sb])道别, 说再见You should say farewell to him before he leaves.say farewell to [sth] v expr figurative (accept loss of [sth]) (对失去某物表示接受)道别, 告别say goodbye, say goodbye to [sb], say good-bye to [sb] vi (bid [sb] farewell)道别；说再见Say goodbye to your cousin for me!say goodbye to [sth], say good-bye to [sth] v expr figurative (no longer have [sth])与...告别，和...说再见say no to [sth/sb] v expr (refuse)拒绝；对…说不I'm going to have to say no to another piece of cake.say sorry to [sb] for [sth] v expr (apologize to [sb] for [sth] done)为某事向某人道歉say to yourself [sth], say [sth] to yourself v expr (think)暗暗想道；心里想I said to myself, “No, that can't be right – I'd better start again from the beginning.”say yes to [sth] v expr (consent to [sth])同意say yes to [sb] v expr (give [sb] consent)同意The boss wouldn't let Wendy do that project, but when I asked, he said yes to me.say yes to [sb] v expr (accept [sb]'s invitation)接受...的邀请scared to death adj figurative, informal (terrified)怕得要死When I was a child I was scared to death of werewolves.scramble to do [sth] v expr (move hastily)仓促行事；匆忙做某事Daisy saw the tree falling and scrambled to get out of the way.黛西看到树要倒了，匆忙避开到一边。screw [sth] to [sth], screw [sth] into [sth], screw [sth] onto [sth] vtr + prep (fasten) (用螺钉)钉住；固定住He screwed the bookshelves to the wall.他用螺钉把书架固定在墙上。second to last, second-to-last adv (in penultimate position)倒数第二个地Steve finished second to last in the race.second to last, second-to-last adj (penultimate)倒数第二个的The second-to-last item on the agenda is recycling.；second to none adj (the best)最好的；无可比拟的；无出其右的He's a brilliant footballer: his passing ability is second to none.be secondary to [sth] v expr (be of lesser importance than [sth])相比…次要的Looks are secondary to a great sense of humor.see eye to eye v expr figurative (agree)看法一致；意见相同；见解一样We don't always see eye to eye.我们并非一直意见相同。see fit to do [sth] vtr (consider appropriate: to do [sth])认为适合Only use as much paint as you see fit.see to it, see to it that v expr informal (ensure, make sure)处理，办理； (后接that从句)务必，保证做到See to it that you're home by midnight, or you'll be grounded.see [sb] to the door v expr (show out)护送…到门口；将…送到门口Would you see Mrs. Barlow to the door, please?seek to do [sth] v expr formal (attempt or wish to do [sth])企图做某事, 希望做某事；设法做某事I seek to restore my honour.seem to be [sth] v expr (appear)看起来似乎是The pipes seem to be in good repair.The patient seemed to be in good health, with a healthy glow in his cheeks.send [sth], send [sth] to [sb] vtr (cause to go)向...送出；向...发出；发送...给He sent the message to his friend.他把这信息发给了朋友。usage: ‘send’Send and sent are different forms of the same verb. Because they sound similar, they are sometimes confused. Send /send/ is the base form. If you send something to someone, you arrange for it to be taken and delivered to them, for example by post.They send me a card every year for my birthday.I always re-read my emails before I send them.Sent /sent/ is the past tense and -ed participle of send.I sent you a text – didn't you get it?He had sent some flowers to Elena.send [sb] to sleep v expr (lull, make sleepy)使…有困意；使…昏昏欲睡Adam sang his daughter a lullaby to send her to sleep.send [sb] to sleep v expr figurative (bore) (形容枯燥)让…昏昏欲睡The professor's voice would send the class to sleep.senior to [sb] adj + prep (of higher rank)比…职位高As chief product manager, Paul is senior to me.保罗是产品主管，比我职位高。sensitive (to [sth]) adj (instrument: detects small changes) (仪器)灵敏的，敏感度高的The sensitive instruments record small changes in temperature.这些仪器很灵敏，能记录下温度的微小变化。sensitive to prep (easily affected by)对…敏感Be gentle with her - she's rather sensitive to criticism about her cooking.He is extremely sensitive to light.sensitive to prep (receptive to)善于接受…；对…敏感She'd make a great kindergarten teacher because she's so sensitive to the needs of others.sensitive to the cold adj (quick to feel cold)对寒冷敏感的Alessandro is very sensitive to the cold so he always wears a pullover.sensitive to the cold adj (affected by the cold)容易感冒的Those plants are sensitive to the cold: you should take them inside when it gets chilly.sensitivity to [sth] n (tendency to be affected by) (对食物等)敏感，过敏Emily has a high level of sensitivity to peanuts and has to make sure she avoids eating any foods that contain them.埃米莉对花生高度过敏，必须确保避免食用任何含有花生的食物。sensitivity to [sth/sb] n (receptiveness to) (指感知能力强)对…敏感Tom's sensitivity to other's feelings means he is always very tactful.汤姆对他人的情绪非常敏感，所以他总是很圆滑。sensitize [sb] to [sth], also UK: sensitise [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (make [sb] more sensitive to [sth])使...敏感；使意识到The experience sensitized the children to the reality of the world.sensitize [sth] to [sth], also UK: sensitise [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (organism, etc.: make sensitive to [sth])使…对…敏感The scientist sensitized the bacteria to the chemical.serve [sth] to [sb] vtr (food: give, bring)把（食物等）提供给The waiters served roast beef and mashed potatoes to the diners.服务员们把烤牛肉和土豆泥提供给食客们。serve, serve [sth] to [sb], serve [sb] [sth] vtr (law: hand over) (法律)送达（传票等）The policeman served a summons to the witness.set [sb/sth] to [sth], set [sb/sth] on [sth] v expr (apply, start)让…开始…；让…着手…The boss set his employees to work on the project.老板让下属开始进行该项目。set fire to [sth] v expr (set alight)放火烧He set fire to his own house to collect the insurance money.set light to v expr (burn)点火set [sth] to rights v expr informal (fix [sth] that is broken)修复set-to n informal (brief, intense argument)短暂而激烈的争吵Esme had a set-to with a traffic warden who told her she was parked illegally.艾思梅和一名交通管理员发生了争执，那个人说她违章停车。set [sth] to music v expr (provide music for [sth], as a poem, etc.)给...配乐set to work v expr (start doing [sth])着手工作He set to work as soon as he was given the new task.set [sb] to work v expr (cause to start doing [sth])让（某人）着手工作The manager set the new employee to work filing invoices.shew [sth] to [sb], shew [sb] [sth] v expr archaic (show: demonstrate [sth] to [sb])向...演示；向...展示ship [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (send or post to) (货物等)把…发送给某人I requested that the company ship my order to my home address.我要求公司将我的订单发送至我的住家地址。shot to pieces adj slang (totally destroyed)被射成碎片My tyres are shot to pieces: I'm going to have to get new ones.a shoulder to cry on n figurative (sympathetic person)困难时的依靠show [sth] to [sb], show [sb] [sth] vtr (display)向…展示He showed his collection of postcards to his visitors.他向访客们展示自己收集的明信片。usage: talking about objectsIf you show an object to someone, you hold it up or give or take it to them, so that they can look at it. When show has this meaning, it always takes an indirect object. You can say ‘show someone something’ or `show something to someone. I showed Ayeisha what I had written. Show your drawing to the teacher.‘Indicate’ is not usually used with this meaning.show [sb] how to do [sth] vtr (demonstrate)给...演示；通过示范给...教He showed his daughter how to tie her shoes.他给女儿演示如何系鞋带。show [sth] to [sb], show [sb] [sth] vtr (offer for sale) (以出售为目的)给…看, 展示The agent will show the house to interested buyers.show [sth] to [sb], show [sb] [sth] vtr (produce facts, evidence)向...出示；向...展示She showed them the statistics to help prove her point.show [sth] to [sb], show [sb] [sth] vtr (grant: favour, mercy)给予；赐予He showed him great mercy by not executing him.show [sb] to [sth], show [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep (escort)领...到The waiter will show you to your table.The hostess showed her guests into the sitting room.show [sb] a clean pair of heels, show a clean pair of heels to [sb] v expr figurative, informal (competitors: leave behind)在竞争中胜过；在竞争中超越show consideration to [sb] vtr (be kind towards)关心；关照；照顾Were you not taught to show consideration to your elders?show respect to [sb] v expr (be deferential)对…态度恭敬You need to show more respect to your father.show [sb] the way to [sth] v expr (guide)给…指前往…的路Could you show me the way to the post office?show yourself to be [sth] v expr (demonstrate that you are)展示自己的某一特征He showed himself to be an astute politician.shut your eyes, shut your eyes to [sth], close your eyes to [sth] v expr figurative (ignore [sth])视而不见She shut her eyes to her husband's activities.be sick to death of [sth/sb] v expr figurative, informal (have had enough of)极度厌倦；极度厌烦sick to your stomach, also US: sick at your stomach expr informal (nauseous)令人厌恶的sick to your stomach, also US: sick at your stomach expr informal, figurative (extremely disgusted)令人恶心的sidle up to [sb/sth] v expr (move furtively)悄悄的走；侧身而行The cowboy sidled up to the bar and ordered a whiskey.sign [sth] over to [sb] v expr (transfer legally to [sb])签字把...转让给...He signed over the house to his ex-wife and their children.sign [sb] up to do [sth] v expr (enrol [sb] to do [sth])为某人报名做某事Amanda signed her mother up to do a six-week computer course for beginners.阿曼达为母亲报名参加一个为期六个月的电脑初学者课程。sign up to do [sth] v expr informal, figurative (agree to do [sth])同意做某事Brian signed up to take part in a sponsored bike ride for charity.布莱恩同意参加为慈善机构赞助的自行车骑行。signal [sth] to [sb], signal to [sb] that vtr (communicate sign)向某人示意…Harry signalled to Jasmin that they should leave.亨利向加斯明示意该走了。sink to a whisper v expr (voice: become quiet)说话声降低到耳语声；声音变轻到几不可闻John's voice sank to a whisper as he told the scary story.slate [sb] to do [sth] v expr figurative, often passive (put on a shortlist)将…列入做…的候选人名单slog away to do [sth] v expr informal (work hard to do)努力做某事，拼命做某事slow to prep (sluggish or reluctant to)缓慢；迟缓He was slow to understand what I really meant.snuggle up to [sb] v expr (curl up close to)依偎着；紧贴着Little Bess snuggles up to her favorite teddy bear when she naps.so as to expr (in order to)为了So as not to be late, Jerry left the house early.为了不迟到，杰瑞很早就出门了。so bold as to adj (daring enough to do [sth])胆敢；竟然敢Anna was so bold as to question her manager's decision to his face.so to speak expr (using a metaphor)可以说是；如同；可以算是Failing the test was, so to speak, a kick in the teeth for Jim because he was very disappointed.soaked to the bone expr figurative (very wet: from rain, etc.)湿透sob yourself to sleep v expr (cry until you fall asleep)哭到睡着After his wife left, Henry sobbed himself to sleep almost every night for a month.a solace to [sb] n (source of comfort)安慰之物；慰藉之源Her late husband's many recordings are a solace to her.她的丈夫已经过世，但留下了许多唱片，给她以慰藉。solder [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (metal: fuse together)使…和…焊接在一起The worker soldered the metal bar to the crossbeam.solicit [sb] to do [sth] vtr + prep (persuade [sb] to commit crime) (生意)兜售；招揽The duke had solicited one of his servants to commit the theft.something akin to [sth] expr (similar to)类似；与...相似I can't really figure Gemma out; I'd say she's something akin to a Goth, but not actually quite a Goth.something to chew on n informal, figurative ([sth] to consider)值得深思的事情；可玩味的事情The annual report gave the analysts something to chew on.something to write home about expr figurative, informal (remarkable)值得夸耀的；值得炫耀的；值得自豪的Wow, what an amazing fireworks display! That was certainly something to write home about.speak to [sb] vi + prep (talk or converse with)与…谈话；和…说话She would happily speak to strangers at the bus stop.speak to [sb] vi + prep (consult)向…咨询It would be best to speak to your doctor before starting a rigid diet.splice [sth] to [sth] vtr (wood, tape: join)拼接；联接The film broke in the projector and had to be spliced.spoon-feed [sth] to [sb] vtr (give food by spoon)用匙将某物喂给某人The nurse has to spoon-feed medicine to the patient.spoon-feed [sth] to [sb] vtr figurative (give information)将…填鸭般灌给某人The informant spoon-fed leaked information to the reporter.spread to [sth] vi + prep figurative (extend as far as)涉及到；延伸到His thirst for knowledge spreads to philosophy and even mathematics.他的求知欲延伸到了哲学甚至数学领域。springboard, a springboard to [sth] n figurative (launch pad, starting point) (比喻)出发点，发端； (达最终目标前的歇息点，比喻)跳板He saw the governor's office as a springboard to a national career.spur [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep figurative (lead to action)驱策；鞭驰；鼓舞Getting beaten in his latest race has spurred the athlete to greater efforts.最近比赛中的失败让这位运动员更加努力了。spur [sb] to do [sth] v expr figurative (prompt to take action)激励某人做某事，促使某人做某事；鞭策某人某事Reading about human rights abuses around the world spurred Dan to work for an NGO.丹读到世界各地侵犯人权的情况，这促使他为非政府组织工作。square up to do [sth] v expr (prepare to do [sth])准备好；做好...的准备squeal to [sb] vi + prep figurative, slang (inform, tell [sb])向某人告密；向某人告发Jim didn't like what the other kids were doing, so he squealed to the teacher.吉姆不喜欢其他孩子的所作所为，所以他跑去向老师告状。stab [sb] to death v expr often passive (kill [sb] by knife attack)捅死；刺死stand to do [sth] v expr (be in a position)有可能做某事；处于...的情形The investor stood to make a fortune on the deal.那位投资人可能会从这笔生意中发大财。stand at attention, stand to attention v expr (military: stand straight)立正站着The entire company stood to attention in perfect unison.stand next to [sb] v expr figurative (show solidarity with) (表团结)站在...旁She stood next to her husband throughout the whole time when his business affairs were under investigation.stand shoulder to shoulder vi figurative (be united)肩并肩站着； (比喻)并肩，齐心协力Let's stand shoulder to shoulder and get the job done!stand shoulder to shoulder with vi figurative (unite in solidarity with)与…肩并肩站着； (比喻)与…站在一边，齐心协力The hotel workers' union stood shoulder to shoulder with the restaurant workers' union in the strike.stand to reason, stand to reason that v expr (be logical)合情合理；合乎情理The gun was in Alex's hand; it stands to reason he fired the shot. It stands to reason that she's tired: she just gave birth to twins!stand-to n (military: readiness for attack)战备状态The soldiers were at stand-to in preparation for the enemy attack.standard time to do [sth] n (usual period required to do [sth])做某事的标准时间The standard time to approve a visa is 6 weeks.staple [sth] to [sth] vtr (papers: attach)用订书钉将…钉在…上Janet stapled the memo to the report.珍妮特将备忘录钉在报告上。steel yourself, steel yourself for [sth], steel yourself to do [sth] vtr + refl (get ready to face a challenge)做好准备面对（挑战）；坚强起来，坚强些Steel yourself, because big changes are coming!做好准备，因为大变革就要来了！stick [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (attach with glue)将...粘在...上；将...贴在...上Jim licked the stamp and stuck it to the envelope.吉姆舔了一下邮票，将邮票贴在信封上。stick to [sth] vi + prep (adhere to)粘在…上；附着在…上The glue stuck to my fingers and I had to scrub for 10 minutes to remove it.胶水粘在我的手指上了，我揉了10分钟才弄干净。stick it to [sb] v expr slang (give [sb] harsh treatment)苛刻对待, 粗暴对待stick to one's guns v expr figurative, slang (not change one's mind)坚持己见；固执己见stick to your guns v expr figurative (not change beliefs)坚持你自己的想法stick to your ribs expr (food: hearty)吃撑；吃得很饱stimulate [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (prompt)鼓舞；鼓励How is the government stimulating people to create jobs?stimulate [sb] to do [sth], stimulate [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (encourage)激励某人做某事The film stimulated the students into asking questions.stink to high heaven v expr figurative (smell terrible)臭气冲天；臭不可闻strain to do [sth] v expr (strive forcefully)竭尽全力；努力He really strained to make it work.他竭尽全力要修好它。strange to say adv informal (surprisingly)说来奇怪Strange to say, I've never set foot inside a church until today.strap [sth] to [sth], strap [sth] into [sth], strap [sth] onto [sth] vtr (fasten with strap) (用带子)将…系在…上，将…捆在…上The courier strapped the package onto the back of his bike and set off.快递员将包裹捆在自行车后座上，然后出发。stretch to [sth] vi + prep informal, figurative (extend to doing [sth])延伸到；延续到My language skills don't stretch to Japanese.我的语言技能没有延伸到日语。stretch to doing [sth] v expr informal, figurative (extend to [sth]) (比喻)延伸到，延展到I'm afraid my conversational skills in Italian don't stretch to negotiating house prices.恐怕我意大利语的会话技巧还不足以谈房价。stretch back to [sth] v expr (time: go back as far as)追溯到；起源于strive to do [sth] v expr (make great effort to)力图；奋力做；尽力做I always strive to do my best at everything I do.我总是尽力做我手头的事。struggle to do [sth] vi (strive to do [sth])努力做；尽力做I'm really struggling to get this right because it's important to me.我真的在努力，想把这件事做好，因为这对我来说很重要。study to be [sth] v expr (become educated to qualify as)为成为…而学习He spent 3 years abroad, presumably studying to be an architect.他在国外呆了三年，大概是在为成为一名建筑师而学习。subcontract [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep (work: outsource)分包；转包The CDC subcontracted the project to a team of computer programmers.subcontract to [sb/sth] vi + prep (outsource work)转包给；分包给Our company does not subcontract to people living overseas.subject [sb] to [sth] vtr (make [sb] undergo [sth])使某人经受；使某人遭受；对某人进行The police subjected the suspect to an intense interrogation.警方对嫌疑人进行了高强度的审讯。subject to [sth] adj + prep (conditional, depending upon)受…支配的；听令于…的All new policies are subject to the boss's approval.所有新政策的出台都听令于老板的批准。subject to [sth] adj + prep (liable or prone to)容易…的；有可能…的This schedule is subject to last minute changes.这份时间表有可能在最后一分钟发生改动。subject to [sth] adj + prep (under the rule of [sth])受...管辖的；受...约束的The politicians are subject to the will of the people.政客要服从人民的意志。subject to change without notice adj (liable to vary without warning)如有变更，恕不另行通知Tour prices are subject to change without notice due to currency fluctuations.sublet [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (rented property: sublease)转租We sublet our flat to a professor for the summer.submit to [sb/sth] vi + prep (surrender, yield)向…投降；向…屈服；听任Richard accepted that what he had done was wrong and submitted to his punishment without complaint.理查德承认自己的所作所为是不正确的，并且对于惩罚听之任之，毫无抱怨。subordinate to adj + prep (secondary to, less important than)比…次要In many societies women are considered subordinate to their husbands.subordinate to adj + prep (of lower rank than)比...级别或职位低In the army a colonel is subordinate only to generals.subscribe to [sth] vi + prep (publication: prepay for issues) (报刊杂志)订，订阅Bill subscribed to the magazine for a year.subscribe to [sth] vi + prep (service: sign up) (某项服务)订，订购I subscribed to this internet service provider because I already have a mobile phone contract with them.subscribe to [sth] vi + prep figurative (agree with)赞成；同意The deputy manager subscribed to her boss's view that they needed to provide more incentives for the staff.subsequent to [sth] adj + prep (after, following)在…之后的The study investigates the language impairments in children subsequent to severe head injury.研究调查了重大头部创伤对儿童语言能力的影响。subserviant to [sb/sth] adj + prep (person, role: subordinate)打下手的；附属的She's subservient to her husband in all matters.succeed to [sth] vi + prep (take over after [sb] dies)接替；继承Princess Elizabeth succeeded to the throne at the age of 27.successor, successor to [sth] n (person who inherits title) (继承前人头衔的人)继承人，继位人The successor to the kingdom is only three years old.succumb to [sth] vi + prep (give in, yield)放弃抵抗；屈从；屈服Julia refused to succumb to her illness, and concentrated on eating a healthy diet, exercising, and taking her medication.suffer [sb] to do [sth] v expr archaic (allow) (古语)允许某人做某事，许可某人做某事She would not suffer him to plead his suit any further.suffice it to say, suffice to say v expr formal (I will just say)只要说...就好了；这句就足够了Suffice it to say, I don't like him.sufficient to do [sth] expr (be enough for [sth] or [sb])对…来说是足够的；足以Your explanation is not sufficient to answer all my questions.sufficient to prep (enough to)足够去做…suit [sb] down to the ground v expr informal (be ideal)非常适合；对...很理想be suited to [sth] v expr (be appropriate for or to [sth])适合；适于These boots are suited to walking.summon [sb] to appear, summons [sb] to appear v expr often passive (call to appear in court)传讯…出（庭）；传唤…出（庭）Karen has been summoned to appear before the High Court.凯伦已被高等法庭传讯出庭。summons to appear n (call to appear in court)出庭传票The doctor received a summons to appear and give his evidence.superior to [sth/sb] adj + prep (better than)优于；强于；好于That car is superior to this one because it is more aerodynamic and more fuel-efficient.那辆车优于这一辆，因为它更符合空气动力学，同时也更省油。superior to [sb] adj + prep (of higher rank than)级别高于…的；职位高于…的Gerald is the manager, so he is superior to Robert, who is only the deputy manager.作为经理的杰拉尔德职位比只是副经理的罗伯特高。supply [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep (provide [sth] to [sb])把…提供给They supplied beer to the bar.他们把啤酒提供给那家酒吧。be supposed to do [sth] v expr (have responsibility, job)应该做He was supposed to finish the report by Monday, but he didn't turn it in until Wednesday.她本应该周一前完成报告，不过她到周三才交。be supposed to do [sth] v expr (be intended, designed)本应；本应当This pen is supposed to write smoothly even in space.这支笔即使在太空中也应当书写流畅。be supposed to do [sth], be supposed to be [sth] v expr (be rumored)据传言；据说This coffee is supposed to be the best, but I don't taste any difference from the cheaper brand.据传言，这种咖啡是最好喝的，不过我没有尝出和廉价品牌比有什么区别。be supposed to do [sth], be supposed to be [sth] v expr US (be thought, suspected)被认为He's supposed to be the author of all those blackmail notes.他被认为是所有那些勒索信件的始作俑者。be supposed to do [sth] v expr (be expected)被预期It is supposed to snow this afternoon.今天下午被预告说要下雪。be supposed to do [sth], be supposed to be [sth] v expr (be planning, scheduled)按计划；照安排The Rolling Stones are supposed to be coming to Vancouver this coming April.The party was supposed to start at 8 but no one showed up until 10.滚石乐队将按计划于今年四月来访温哥华。// 派对按计划是8点开始，不过直到10点才有人来。sure to do [sth] expr (certain to do)一定会做某事，肯定能做某事That horse is sure to win the race; you should put a bet on him.那匹马肯定能赢，你一定要赌他赢。surface-to-air adj (able to go from the ground into the air)地对空的，地空的surface-to-air, surface to air adv (from the ground into the air)地对空, 地空The launcher fires missiles surface-to-air.surface-to-surface adj (able to go from a ground spot to another)地地的，地对地的surface-to-surface, surface to surface adv (from a ground spot to another)地地, 地对地The launcher fires missiles surface-to-surface.surplus to requirements adj (more than is needed)超出需求的；多余的surrender yourself to [sth] v expr (give in to [sth] tempting)沉溺于；沉湎于She surrendered herself to the joy of the music.她沉溺于音乐带来的欢愉中。susceptibility, susceptibility to [sth] n (vulnerability)容易受伤害或影响的特性Susie washed her hands often because she had a high susceptibility to viruses.susceptible (to [sth]) adj (vulnerable)易受…伤害的In her condition she's very susceptible to infections.以她的状况，很容易被感染。susceptible to [sth] adj + prep (easy to impress)容易受…影响的，容易被…打动的None of the girls seemed very susceptible to my charms.这些女孩中似乎没有谁能轻易被我的魅力所打动。susceptible to doing [sth] adj + prep (liable to do)有可能；有…的倾向Be careful! That dog is susceptible to biting people when he gets excited.当心！那条狗激动的时候有可能咬人。swear to do [sth] v expr (legal: say under oath)宣誓；发誓I swear to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.我发誓，我说的是明白无疑、彻彻底底的真话。swear to do [sth] v expr (promise solemnly to)发誓要做某事I swear to do my best to stay out of trouble.我发誓尽己所能不惹是非。swerve to the right v expr (turn suddenly to right-hand side)（突然）右转I had to swerve to the right to avoid hitting the dog.swing back, swing back to [sth] v expr figurative (return to previous belief)变回，回到；回归Some people think North Korea is swinging back to the ways of its most reclusive era.swipe left, swipe to the left vi + adv (on screen: drag finger to the left) (在屏幕上用手指)向左滑动From the home screen, swipe left to access your messages.swipe right, swipe to the right vi + adv (on screen: drag finger to the right) (在屏幕上用手指)向右滑动switch to [sth] vi + prep (change to)转换；转变He switched to third gear to gain some speed.I tried to ask the question in Spanish, but got stuck, so I switched to English.他换到第三挡以加快速度。我尝试用西班牙语问这个问题，但我卡住了，只能换用英语问。switch from [sth] to [sth] v expr (change to)将…换成I switched from human resources courses to language courses.我将人力资源课程换成了语言课程。switch to [sth] vi + prep (change tv channel to) (电视频道)切换到，换到I switched to a documentary channel.我换到了纪录片频道。switch to doing [sth] v expr (change to doing [sth])转变去做...Going to the coffee house every morning was becoming expensive, so I switched to brewing my own.sworn to [sth/sb] adj + prep (bound by oath to [sth/sb])发誓要；向…发誓The priest considered himself sworn to God.I can't tell you; I'm sworn to secrecy.sympathetic to [sth/sb], sympathetic toward [sth/sb], also UK: sympathetic towards [sth/sb] adj + prep (showing understanding)对...谅解的；同情...的The teacher is sympathetic to the problems of her teenage students.老师对她十几岁学生所造成的问题表示谅解。sympathetic to [sth] adj (favourable towards)同情；怜悯The manager was sympathetic to Tom's ideas.tailored to [sth] adj + prep figurative (customized to suit)为…量身定制的；为…专门打造的The study abroad program is tailored to each student's needs.该出国留学项目是根据每个学生的需求量身定制的。tailored to needs, tailored to your needs expr (bespoke, customized)满足个性需求；满足特别需要take [sth] to [sth/sb] vtr (transport, carry)将...带去；将...搬运到；把...带到He took the radio to his friend's house.他把收音机带到了朋友家里。take a long time to do [sth] v expr (require much time)做某事需要很长时间；做某事要很久It took a long time to tidy the apartment.take [sb] a long time to do [sth] v expr (require much time of [sb])做某事需要某人花费很长时间；做某事需要某人花很久It has taken Graeme a long time to get over his divorce.take a shine to [sb] v expr informal (take a liking to [sb])迷恋某人；对某人着迷She took a shine to him from the first time they met.take exception to [sth] v expr (object to [sth])反对；对…表示异议I take exception to that comment.take it in turns to do [sth] v expr UK (do [sth] one at a time)挨个做某事，轮流做某事They took it in turns to drink from the water bottle.take it upon yourself to do [sth] v expr (take responsibility for [sth])承担...的责任；负责James took it upon himself to make the arrangements for the party.take pains to do [sth] v expr (do [sth] very diligently or attentively)努力做某事；勤奋做某事；take steps to do [sth] v expr (act)采取行动；采取措施The government should take steps to eliminate poverty.take the opportunity to do [sth] v expr (use your chance to do [sth])抓住机会做某事；趁此机会做某事What a lovely day; I'm going to take the opportunity to sit out in the garden while it's sunny.take the time to do [sth] expr (use extra effort to do favor)花时间做…；不着急做…Leila's kind teacher took the time to explain long division to her after class.take time to do [sth], take the time to do [sth] v expr (make the commitment or effort)花时间去，努力去I'm going to slow down and take time to understand my children better.我需要慢下来，花点时间更好地了解我的孩子们。take to drink v expr informal (become an alcoholic)酗酒；嗜酒He took to drink at an early age.take [sth] to heart v expr (take seriously, be upset by)放在心上；介意；耿耿于怀Jack made a joke about Sarah's hair, but she took it to heart and got upset.take [sth] to heart v expr (apply to oneself)放在心上；介意；耿耿于怀She took all the advice to heart, and tried to be a better person.take [sth] to pieces v expr (disassemble)拆, 拆散Jim took the computer to pieces before anyone could stop him.take [sth] to pieces v expr figurative (idea: analyze and criticize)剖析John felt like bawling when everybody took his essay to pieces in his writing class.take [sb] to task, bring [sb] to task v expr (reprimand, rebuke [sb])批评；责备take [sb] to task for [sth], bring [sb] to task for [sth] v expr (reprimand [sb] for [sth])因...而训斥...The coach took them to task for their poor performance.take [sb] to task for doing [sth], bring [sb] to task for doing [sth] v expr (reprimand [sb] for doing [sth])因...做了...而训斥take [sb] to the cleaners v expr figurative, slang (take all [sb]'s money) (俚语)榨干某人所有的钱take [sb] to the cleaners v expr figurative, slang (sports: defeat thoroughly) (俚语，指体育)碾压；让...大败take to your heels v expr (run away, flee)逃跑；逃走take your hat off to [sb], take off your hat to [sb] v expr figurative, informal (respect, congratulate)向…脱帽致敬I take my hat off to the inventor of this amazing tool.talk to [sb] vi + prep (speak to, address)与...说话She talks to her pets even though they can't respond.即便宠物没有办法回话，她也常对它们说话。talk to [sb] vi (address issue with [sb])跟…谈谈Vinnie's been giving you a hard time? Don't worry; I'll talk to him.维尼一直在找你麻烦？别担心，我会去跟他谈谈的。talking-to n informal (scolding, reprimand)责备；责骂；申斥tangent to [sth] adj + prep (line: touching a curve) (线)相切Line B is tangent to Line A.be tantamount to [sth] v expr (be equivalent to)相当于；等同于The new law is tantamount to state-sponsored murder.taxi [sb], taxi [sb] to [sth] vtr (convey by car)用车送...；用车将…送到…Ellen taxied her friend across town so he could catch his train.The teenager's father was fed up with taxiing his daughter to all her friends' parties.teach [sb] to do [sth], teach [sb] how to do [sth] v expr (instruct in technique)教某人做某事Dave is teaching his teenage daughter to drive a car.Who taught you how to skate?戴夫正在教他十几岁的女儿开车。是谁教你溜冰的？tear [sth] to pieces v expr (rip apart)撕碎, 撕成碎片He was so angry when he read the letter he tore it to pieces.tear [sb] to pieces v expr figurative, informal (criticize harshly)严厉斥责, 把…数落得体无完肤The critics tore my performance to pieces.tear [sth] to shreds, rip [sth] to shreds v expr informal (fabric, paper: rip to pieces)撕碎, 撕成碎片The dog's torn my pillow to shreds.The lion tore his prey to shreds.tear [sb] to shreds, rip [sb] to shreds v expr figurative, informal (person: criticize harshly)严厉斥责，把…数落得体无完肤The boss lost his temper and tore his secretary to shreds.telegraph [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (send by telegraph)发电报；发报In the 19th century, it became possible to telegraph messages to people across the Atlantic Ocean.tell [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (recount [sth] to [sb])向…讲述He told the story to his daughter.他向女儿讲述了那个故事。tell [sb] to do [sth] v expr (command, order)让某人做某事；嘱咐某人做某事；命令某人做某事He told her to clean her room.tell [sb] a secret, tell a secret to [sb] v expr (confide [sth] private to [sb])向...袒露秘密Once she told me her great secret, I wished I had never heard it. My neighbour likes to gossip - if you tell her a secret, the whole village knows by the end of the day!tell how to do [sth] vtr (describe the manner in which)告知如何If you'll tell me how to bake a pie, I'll bake you one tomorrow.tempt [sb] to do [sth] v expr (entice to do)吸引某人做某事；使某人有兴趣做某事Wendy's stories of her travels through India tempted Karen to go there herself.温蒂印度之旅的故事吸引着卡伦，让她也想亲自去一次。tend to do [sth] v expr (be inclined)倾向于；有...的倾向Julia tends to get upset if anyone makes the slightest criticism of her work.自己的工作稍微遇到一点点批评，洁西卡就有发怒的倾向。tend to do [sth] v expr (is, does often)往往会；经常I tend to do my homework before I eat dinner.我经常会在晚餐前做家庭作业。tend to [sth] vi + prep (attend to)照管；处理Harriet went into the office to tend to some business.哈里特到办公室去处理一些事务。testimony to [sth] n uncountable (proof, evidence)证据；证明Her high marks are testimony to her improved attitude this term.tether [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (fasten, attach)将…拴在…上You can tether your horse to that railing.你可以把马拴在那个栏杆上。thankful to [sb/sth] adj + prep (grateful to)感激；感谢I am thankful to my parents for everything they have done for me.我感谢父母为我做的一切。thanks be to God interj (religious expression of gratitude)感谢上帝Thanks be to God, when I lost control of my car there were no other vehicles nearby.thanks to [sb/sth] prep (with the help of)在…的帮助下；多亏了Thanks to my good friend Ellen, I got to the airport on time.Thanks to the heavy curtains on my windows, I'm able to sleep even when the sun's shining.多亏了我的好朋友艾伦，我才能准时到达机场。 // 多亏了窗户前厚重的窗帘，即使外面阳光明媚，我也能安然入睡。thanks to [sb] prep (because of, due to)由于；因为Thanks to my son hogging the bathroom this morning, I was late for work.由于今早浴室被儿子霸占，我上班迟到了。that is to say adv (in other words)换言之；那即是说I'm sorry. That is to say, I won't do it again.我很抱歉。换言之，我不会再犯了。the extent to which expr (scope)...的程度I'm not sure of the extent to which the accident has been investigated—information may be limited right now.There is more to [sth] than meets the eye expr (This is not what it seems)比表面看到的要复杂；并非表面所见那么简单It seems like he's vanished into thin air, but that's impossible. There's more to this situation than meets the eye.things to do npl (tasks to be accomplished)该做的事；要做的事I can't meet you today - I have things to do.Jack had a long list of things to do, but all he wanted to do was sleep.thought to be [sth/sb] expr (believed or considered to be [sth])被认为是；是大家眼中的He was thought to be a good student, until he was caught with drugs.a threat to [sth/sb] n (dangerous person)危害...的人The criminal was considered a threat to society.那个罪犯被认为是一个危害社会的人。threat to your health n ([sth] dangerous, unsanitary)危害健康Everyone knows that smoking is a threat to your health.threaten to do [sth] v expr (to be a menace)可能来临The wall was threatening to fall down at any moment.threaten to do [sth] v expr (speak threats)说威胁的话；恐吓说He's always threatening to fire me.thrill to [sth], thrill at [sth] vi + prep (be excited by)因...而激动, 因...而兴奋The velodrome was filled with spectators thrilling to the speed of the cyclists.自行车运动员在赛车场中高速骑行，让观众们非常激动。throw [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (hurl for [sb] to catch)把…扔给Steve threw the keys to Janet so that she could unlock the door.史蒂夫把钥匙扔给珍妮特，这样一来她就能把门打开了。throw [sb] to the wolves, throw [sb] to the lions v expr figurative (force [sb] into a dangerous situation)把…送上绝路；将...逼入险境thumbtack [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep US (attach with a drawing pin)用图钉钉Roger thumbtacked an advertisement for a French tutor to the bulletin board.tickled pink, tickled to death adj informal, figurative (delighted)高兴极了的When I heard you two were getting married, I was tickled pink.tie [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (attach using string, rope)将...扎在；将...拴在；将...系在He tied the horse to the post.他把马拴在柱上。tie [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep figurative, often passive (connect, link)和…有关系, 和…有关联The politician had to resign because it was discovered that he was tied to the mafia.tie [sb] to [sth/sb] vtr figurative, often passive (restrict)限制, 约束, 束缚He is tied to the job by the golden handcuffs in his contract.time to kill n (spare time)可供消磨的时间；闲暇时间Arriving early for her interview, Nicola found herself with time to kill.time to spare expr (free time)空闲时间；业余时间time to spare, with time to spare expr (time left over from ending early)剩余时间；多余时间tip [sb] off to [sth], tip [sb] off about [sth] v expr often passive, informal (inform, warn)暗中向某人透露某事The informant tipped off the police about the planned drugs drop.线人向警方透露了计划的毒品交易。tip your hat to [sb] v expr (lift your hat to acknowledge [sb])向某人致敬The gentleman tipped his hat to the lady.to a certain extent adv (to some degree)在某种程度上I agree with you to a certain extent, but not entirely.to a considerable extent adv (rather a lot, to quite a degree)在很大程度上to a degree expr (to some extent)在某种程度上；在一定程度上to a fault adv (almost excessively)过分地to a great degree adv (largely, extremely)很大程度上He is witty to a great degree and great fun to talk with.to a great extent adv (largely, extremely)很大程度上to a large extent adv (greatly)在很大程度上Humans share the DNA of chimpanzees to a large extent.to a small degree adv (slightly, a little)很小程度上to a small extent adv (slightly, a little)很小程度上I am to a small extent sympathetic to their problems.to a T, to a tee adv informal (perfectly)丝毫不差地，完美地That dress fits you to a T!You've described Martin's personality to a T!to a T, to a tee adv informal (exactly)恰好地；恰到好处地I don't know what I did wrong; I followed the recipe to a T, but my cake didn't rise!to all appearances adv (apparently)显而易见地It was a happy marriage to all appearances.to all intents and purposes, also US: for all intents and purposes expr (practically speaking)实际上说；实际来看to an extent adv (to a certain degree)到一定程度；某种程度上What the politician said is true, to an extent, but he withheld several pertinent details.to and fro expr (back and forth)来来回回The man paced to and fro outside the shop, seemingly unable to decide whether or not to enter.那个人在商店外面来回踱步，好像在犹豫要不要进来。to-and-fro expr (movement: going back and forth)来回；往复The little boy seemed to enjoy the to-and-fro movement of the rocking horse.这个小男孩似乎很喜欢摇摆木马的来回摆动。to be confirmed adj (not yet officially decided)待确认的；待定的to be continued expr (more will come later)未完待续At the end of the TV show episode, the words "To be continued" appeared at the bottom of the screen.to be honest adv informal (in truth)说实话；诚实地说To be honest, I knew the test would be difficult.to be reckoned with expr (powerful, impressive)不可小觑的；强大的This young woman is proving herself to be an athlete to be reckoned with.to be sure adv (certainly)确实；的确to beat the band expr US, informal, figurative (to a high degree)令人惊叹；了不起to begin with expr (first of several things)首先；第一Frank would be a terrible grammar teacher—to begin with, he hates kids; furthermore, he dislikes reading.to begin with expr (originally)本来；原先I'm not surprised that Deana quit dance lessons—she didn't like dancing to begin with.to bits adv informal (into pieces)变成碎片；非常；极其I tore all my old school books to bits the other day.to bits adv UK, informal, figurative (a lot)变成碎片；非常；极其I love you to bits.be to blame v expr (be responsible, guilty)要怪...；责任要在...上；...承担责任be to blame for [sth] v expr (be responsible, guilty for)因...承担责任；...错在Your mother is to blame for this whole situation.to boot adv informal (in addition, as well)再者；并且；此外to cap it all, to top it all expr figurative, informal (in addition to all that)更加糟糕的是；除此之外While I was arguing with my brother, I had left the tap running and it flooded the bathroom, then to top it all I slipped on the wet floor and hit my head.to come adj (in the future)即将到来的We have no idea what is to come in the next few years.我们对接下来的几年里有什么即将到来全然不知。to date adv (up to now)至今；到目前为止To date, I haven't heard anything new about the situation. To date, we have not received your payment.到目前为止，我没有听到关于局势的任何新动态。到目前为止，我们仍未收到你的付款。to die for adj informal, figurative (extremely desirable)不惜一切要得到的；极想得到的to distraction adv (to the point of extreme emotion)到发狂的地步；到让人精神错乱的地步Your attitude drives me to distraction.love [sb] to distraction v expr (love madly)疯狂地爱着...to each his own, to each her own, to each their own expr (everyone has different preferences)各有所好Greg likes anchovies and pineapple on his pizza? Well, to each their own.to end all [sth] expr (be superlative example)超过；超越It was the war to end all wars.to err is human, to err is human, to forgive divine expr proverb (it's natural to make mistakes)人非圣贤孰能无过；犯错是人之常情to excess adv (too greatly)过度Drink when you're thirsty, but don't do it to excess.to go adv (remaining, left)剩余地，余下地；有待完成地We still have ten miles to go.我们还有十英里要走。to hand adv (within easy reach)触手可及；唾手可得To hell with it! interj potentially offensive, slang (expressing anger)让它见鬼去吧！to my knowledge adv (as far as I am aware)据我所知to name but a few expr (some of a long list)举几个例子；仅举几例What lakes are in Minnesota? To name but a few, Red Lake, Gull Lake, and Lake Minnetonka.to no avail adv literary (unsuccessfully, in vain)白白地；枉费地；枉然地to one side adv (put [sth]: aside)（放）在一边；搁置；暂不处理She set her book to one side and picked up the newspaper.to one side adv (movement: to the side)（放）在一边；搁置；暂不处理The cars all moved to one side of the road so the ambulance could pass.to order adv (according to custom requirements)按指示；凭指示All our breads and pastries are baked to order.to perfection adv (impeccably, perfectly)臻至完美This chicken is cooked to perfection.to pieces adv (into shreds or small bits)成碎片地He ripped the book to pieces.to save time expr (for brevity's sake)为了节省时间To save time, I will quickly summarize the main points rather than go into detail.can't do [sth] to save your life expr (extremely bad at [sth])非常不擅长；在...方面极为差劲Heather couldn't bake a cake to save her life.to say the least adv (at the minimum)退一步说；至少He was a bit taken aback, to say the least.Her comment was highly inappropriate, to say the least.to [sb]'s liking adj (suiting [sb]'s taste)如某人所愿I'm afraid the colour green is not to my liking; I prefer blue.to [sb]'s liking adv (in preferred way)合...口味地Choose a steak and we will cook it to your liking.to scale adv (in correct proportion, at actual size)按规定比例地；等比例地to smithereens, into smithereens adv (into tiny fragments)成为碎片The explosion blew the car to smithereens.to some degree adv (to a certain extent)在某种程度上Intelligence is determined to some degree by genetics.to some extent adv (to a certain degree)在某种程度上You have to admit you're to blame to some extent. We all suffer to some extent when we're far away from our loved ones.你必须承认在某种程度上你也有责任。当远离所爱之人时，我们都在某种程度上感到煎熬。to spare adv (remaining, left over)剩余的；能匀出来的to speak of expr figurative (nothing meaningful)值得一提备注: Usually in the negative.to such an extent adv (to an extreme)到此程度It was a mystery why he should go to such an extent.to such an extent that conj (so greatly that)到如此大的程度；竟然到了这样的程度He yelled to such an extent that my ears almost burst.to tell the truth expr (honestly)老实说；说实话To tell the truth, the show wasn't very good.to that end expr (for that purpose)为此目的to the best of my knowledge, to the best of [sb]'s knowledge expr (as far as I know)据我所知To the best of my knowledge, all of the coffee shops in the city close before 9:00 p.m.to the best of your ability adv (as well as you can)尽你所能Just look after the dog to the best of your ability.to the bitter end, until the bitter end expr (until the difficult end of [sth]) (比喻，艰难之事)到底，到最终They vowed to fight to the bitter end.to the brim adv (to the very top) (溢满至)到了边缘地；（斟）满地；到顶地；到了极限地The cup was full to the brim and I spilled some of the coffee when I tried to carry it across the room.to the brim adv figurative (as much as possible)洋溢着地；充满着地Michelle was full to the brim with the joy of living.to the contrary adv (indicating the opposite)相反地；恰恰相反地to the core, to your core expr figurative (thoroughly)彻底地，十足地，地道地Her views make it very plain that she's Conservative to the core.to the detriment of [sth/sb] prep (causing harm, damage)严重伤害；严重损害to the end of the earth, to the ends of the earth expr figurative (to any or every place)到天涯海角My love is boundless! - I'll follow you to the ends of the earth!to the extreme adv (to the most excessive degree)极端地Jason's paintings exhibit a similar sense of anger, but he takes it to the extreme.to the fore adv (to the front)在前面，处于显要地位；在近处，在手边I asked for volunteers to step to the fore.to the fore adv figurative (issue: evident)在前面，处于显要地位；在近处，在手边The Michael Brown killing brought racial tensions back to the fore.to the full adv (completely)充分地，完全地They enjoyed their new-found freedom to the full.to the full extent adv (to the maximum degree)最大程度地；充分地to the fullest adv (to the maximum degree)最充分地，最大程度地be to the good, be all to the good v expr (be a welcome outcome)好结果；好事When we explained what had happened, we didn't have to pay the fine after all, which was all to the good.to the good expr (in profit)盈利Once Lisa had counted the money from her lemonade sale, and subtracted what she'd spent on ingredients, she saw that she was $20 to the good.to the good expr (ahead)领先Our team was a goal to the good at half-time.to the heart of [sth] adv (to the centre, middle of [sth])指向…的实质（核心）The explorers made their way to the heart of the jungle.to the heart of [sth] adv figurative (to the crux of [sth])指向…的实质（核心）He wasted no time in getting to the heart of the problem.to the hilt adv figurative (to the extreme)极端地I will back you to the hilt.to the hilt adv (knife: to the handle) (刀)刀柄端He ran the blade in right to the hilt.to the left adv (on or towards the left-hand side)向左边He was going to the left.to the letter expr (literally)不折不扣；毫厘不爽He followed Mr. Wilson's instructions to the letter.to the letter expr figurative (precisely, exactly)不折不扣；毫厘不爽The illiterate slave followed his master's instructions to the letter.to the limit adv (to the extreme)到极限The car thief took things to the limit and wound up killing a man.to the limit adv (as much as is permitted)到允许上限地He only ever drinks to the limit when he's driving.to the marrow adv figurative (deeply)彻底；透彻We'd been hiking for hours in the drizzle and were chilled to the marrow.to the max adv informal, abbreviation (to the maximum level or degree)最大程度地；完全Helena had enjoyed herself to the max at the party.to the naked eye expr (without use of optical aids)肉眼看到地；就肉眼看来On a clear night, Jupiter is visible to the naked eye.to the point adj (on topic)切题的Professor Adams is not always to the point when he speaks.亚当斯教授讲话时并总是切题的。to the point of exhaustion adv (until extremely tired)直到精疲力竭地She ran to the point of exhaustion.to the rear adv (towards the back)向后地The photographer asked all the tall people to move to the rear of the group. Step to the rear!to the right adv (on the right-hand side)在右边If you keep on going to the right, you'll eventually end up on the main road.to the right adv (to or towards the right-hand side)向右边Owing to a leg injury, Nelson leans slightly to the right.to the same extent adv (to a similar or identical degree)达到相同程度；在相同程度上to the side adv (laterally, sideways)向一侧地；向旁边Turn off to the side and you should find the bakery.to the side, to one side adv (aside, out of the way)放到一边，抛开，弃置He put it to the side because it was useless.to the skies adv figurative (extremely highly)很高地；快顶到天The critics praised his latest film to the skies.to the tune of expr informal, figurative (in the amount of)达到…数量，价值达They've conned the company to the tune of several hundred thousand pounds.The new car set him back to the tune of $30,000.to thine own self be true expr literary (be yourself)做真实的自己"To thine own self be true" is a quote from a Shakespeare play.to this day adv (even now)直到今日To this day we still don't know what happened.to this effect adv (for this purpose)为此目的to this effect adv (like this)带有这个意思；大意如此to this place adv (here, to here)到这里Coming to this place for vacation was the best decision I have ever made.to what extent conj (the degree to which)到…程度To what extent do you think this program will affect young people?你觉得这个项目会影响年轻群体到多大程度？to what extent adv (to what degree)到何种程度We know that schools will be targeted in the upcoming budget cuts, but we do not yet know to what extent.我们知道学校计划削减下一次的预算，但我们还不知道具体要削减多少。to which pron (to the thing just mentioned)那；那件事I said "No", to which he replied indignantly, "Why not?"To whom it may concern expr formal, written (salutation in a letter) (信件)敬启者； (信件)致有关人士，给有关人士To whom it may concern, I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with my recent visit to your restaurant.敬启者，我写信是为了表达我对最近去你们餐厅的不满。to wit adv (that is to say)也就是说Hera was a divinity: to wit, an ancient Greek goddess.to [sb]'s credit expr (deserving praise)值得表扬某人；拜某人所赐to your face adv informal (in person, directly) (非正式用语)当着你面地I don't mind telling you to your face that I think you're a fool.to your fingertips expr figurative, informal (completely)完全地；彻头彻尾地He's a politician to his fingertips.To your health!, To your good health! interj (toast: cheers) (敬酒语)祝你健康！He raised his glass of wine and said, "To your health".to your heart's content adv figurative, informal (as much as you please) (比喻，非正式用语)按照你的心意，如你所愿You can ask me to your heart's content, but I won't answer your questions.to your knowledge adv (as far as you know)就你所知To your knowledge, did the defendant have anything to drink after 7 o'clock?-to-be adj as suffix (future)准，未来的The induction day allowed the teacher to meet her students-to-be.to-do n informal (fuss, commotion)吵闹，喧闹；混乱，骚乱We put our heads out of the window to see what all the to-do was outside.to-do list n (written list of tasks to be done)任务清单Harry is writing a to-do list of all the chores he needs to do around the house.to-do list n figurative (tasks to be done)待办事项I haven't mown the lawn yet, but it's on my to-do list.toady to [sb] vi + prep pejorative (behave obsequiously to)拍某人马屁；对某人溜须拍马Don't trust a word that Frank says; he toadies to Kevin and will report everything you say.toe-to-toe adv (in direct competition)直接竞争地；针锋相对地toe-to-toe adj (involving two people or groups)旗鼓相当的；相匹敌的too good to be true expr (so good it does not seem possible)好到令人难以置信；好到不真实too much to ask n informal (excessive, unreasonable demand)过分的要求top to tail adv (people: head to feet)从头到脚The two brothers were sharing a bed, lying top to tail.totally committed (to (doing) [sth]) adj (fully engaged)全情投入的；完全投入的People here are totally committed to helping each other learn another language.a tough nut to crack, a hard nut to crack n figurative, informal ([sb] hard to persuade)难以说服的人；顽固的人；顽冥不化者Good luck with getting him to agree - he's a tough nut to crack.祝你好运，能让他同意——他可是相当的顽固。a tough nut to crack, a hard nut to crack n figurative, informal ([sth] hard to solve)难办的事；难解决的问题This algebra equation is a tough nut to crack.这个代数等式很难解。trace [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep (find origin, originator)追踪…到…；顺着…追踪到…Karen finally traced the strange smell to the pile of clothes on her teenage daughter's bedroom floor.凯伦顺着那股奇怪的气味最终追踪到年轻女儿卧室地板上的一堆衣服。trace [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (follow to source)追根溯源到；追溯到Grace can trace her family tree to the sixteenth century.格蕾丝的家谱可以追溯到16世纪。trace [sth] back to [sth/sb] v expr often passive (identify origin, owner)追溯；回溯The origins of Halloween can be traced back to the Celts.万圣节的起源可以追溯到凯尔特人。traceable to [sth/sb] adj + prep (originating with)可追溯至...的；源自...的The statement is traceable to a 16th century poet.train [sb] to do [sth] vtr + prep (person: teach to do)教某人做某事The coach trained her skaters to spin on one foot.教练教她的溜冰学员如何用单脚在冰面上旋转。train [sth] to do [sth] vtr + prep (animal: teach to do) (动物)训练…做某事It is important to train your puppy not to bite.训练狗狗不要咬主人很重要。a traitor to [sth] n (person who betrays a cause)…的叛徒Guy Fawkes was sentenced to death as a traitor to the Crown.transfer [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (transmit)将…传递给He transferred all his knowledge to his replacement at work.transfer [sth] to [sb] vtr (law: change ownership to) (法律)转让, 让渡After two months, the house was transferred to the new owner.transition to [sth], transition into [sth] vi + prep (change, develop)过渡到It can be difficult for teenagers to transition to adulthood.对于青少年来说，像成人的过渡可能有些困难。transition from [sth] to [sth], transition from [sth] into [sth] v expr (change, convert)从…转变成…translate to [sth] vi + prep figurative (result in)带来；转化成These measures translate to increased job growth.这些措施带来了就业增长。transmit [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (data: send to [sb])发送…给The government transmitted an official message to its allies.transmit [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep (disease: spread)把…传染给The disease was transmitted to several patients in the hospital because the doctor's instruments were not completely clean.transpose [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (music: change key to) (音乐)变调；移调Maria transposed the song to a new key.transpose [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (change setting or context to) (场景)调换；变换The action of the story was transposed from Paris in the novel to Chicago in the movie.treat [sb], treat [sb] to [sth] vtr (pay for [sb])款待；宴请；宴请She treated her friend to lunch. He treated her to a weekend at a spa.她请朋友吃中饭。他请她去一个水疗中心度周末。treat yourself to [sth] v expr (indulge in [sth] pleasurable)用...犒劳自己trouble, trouble to do [sth] vi + prep (make an effort)费力做某事；费心做某事She didn't even trouble to tell me what had happened.她毫不费力地就告诉了我发生了什么。true (to [sb/sth]) adj (loyal) (对人或事)真诚的；忠诚的Yes, I trust him. He is a true friend.是的，我信任他，他是一位忠诚的朋友。true (to [sth]) adj (not deviating)不偏移的；坚定不移的You must remain true to your ideals.你必须保持对自己的理念坚定不移。true to form adj (typical)与往常一样；一如既往Jennifer was true to form in being late for school.true to form adv (as usual)与往常一样；一如既往True to form, he won't tell me where he was last night.true to life, true-to-life adj (realistic)现实的；反映真实生活的备注: hyphens used when term is an adj before a nounCritics praised the film for its true-to-life depiction of drug addiction.true to the spirit adj (in keeping with [sth])反映本质的I think his interpretation of the song was true to the spirit of the original.trust [sb] to do [sth] v expr (rely on)依赖；依靠Dan trusts his girlfriend to help him.丹依赖于她的帮助。trust [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (entrust)委托；把…交托给I trust my life to you.我把自己的命交托给你了。try to do [sth] v expr (strive)力求做某事I try to do my best.我力求做到最好。try doing [sth], try to do [sth] v expr (endeavor to)争取；努力做Try to do all of your schoolwork tonight.争取今晚把你所有的作业都做完。try your best to do [sth] v expr (make a big effort to do)努力；勉力turn to [sth] vi + prep (move to face: a direction)将头转向Everyone, turn to your screens. Please turn to the right to see the monument.所有人，将头转向各自的屏幕。请将头转向右侧的名胜古迹。turn to [sth] vi + prep (become)成为The leaves turned to mush underfoot.落叶成为脚下的软泥。turn [sth] to [sth], turn [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (transform)改变；转变You turn my sadness to joy.turn to [sb/sth] vi + prep (direct attention toward) (注意力)转移Let's turn to the agenda for next week's meeting.turn a blind eye on [sth], turn a blind eye to [sth] v expr figurative (pretend not to see)对…视而不见，对…熟视无睹The corrupt inspector agreed to turn a blind eye to the safety violations.turn a deaf ear to [sb/sth] v expr figurative (be unwilling to listen to)对...置之不理He needs to believe in himself and turn a deaf ear to his critics.turn out to be [sth/sb] v expr (be discovered to be)原来是；原是The man convicted of the crime turned out to be innocent.turn out to be [sth/sb] v expr (become)变成；成为Your son has turned out to be a hardworking young man; you must be proud of him.turn [sth/sb] over to [sb], turn over [sth/sb] to [sb] v expr (deliver, surrender [sth])把…交给…；把…移交给…She turned the money over to her boss.她把钱交给老板。turn to [sb] for help v expr (ask [sb] for assistance)向某人寻求帮助turn [sth/sb] to stone v expr (petrify, make into stone)使…石化The witch waved her wand and the fox turned to stone.be unable to do [sth] v expr (be incapable of doing [sth])不能做某事He was unable to climb the mountain because of his asthma.由于身患哮喘，他不能够登顶那座山。unaccustomed to [sth] adj + prep (not used to [sth])不习惯的Patrick lives alone and is unaccustomed to receiving visitors.unadapted to [sth], unadapted for [sth] adj + prep (not suitable)不适应…的，不适合…的unbeknown to [sb], unbeknownst adj + prep (without [sb]'s knowledge)不为人知；瞒着某人Unbeknown to his colleagues, Jake had decided to resign from his job.unbosom yourself to [sb] v expr literary (unburden yourself to [sb])向...吐露心事underexposed to [sth] adj figurative (person: having little experience)对...缺乏经验的understand [sb] to do [sth] v expr (infer)推断某人会做某事；推测某人做某事；猜想某人做某事When my husband says the food I've cooked is "interesting," I understand him to mean he doesn't like it.I understood John to be in Fiji, but I had it completely wrong; he was in Venezuela.undertake to do [sth] v expr (promise to do [sth])保证做某事I undertake to provide for you and make you as happy as I can, for as long as I live.我保证会在我有生之年照顾你，尽我所能地让你开心。undertake to do [sth] v expr (commit to do [sth])负责某事；承担某事The proofreader has undertaken to make the corrections.校对员负责修改错误。unequal to adj + prep (incapable of dealing with [sth])不能胜任；做不了；没能力处理The football team's defenders were unequal to the task of stopping United from scoring.unfamiliar (to [sb]) adj (not recognized)不熟悉的；陌生的The band started playing a tune that was unfamiliar to me.unfit to do [sth] adj (inadequate, incapable)不适合做；不能胜任Jenkins is unfit to lead the party because of his extreme views.unique to adj (exclusively characteristic)只属于...的；只...有的This painting style is unique to this artist.这种绘画风格只有这位画家才有。unkind to [sth] adj (harsh on) (天气)不好的, 严酷的Cold weather is unkind to your skin.unkind to [sb/sth] adj + prep (not nice to)对…不好I hate seeing people being unkind to their pets.unprepared to do [sth] expr (not willing)不愿意做The strikers were unprepared to return to work without the factory meeting all of their demands.如工厂无法满足罢工者的要求，他们将不愿回去工作。unreceptive to [sth] adj + prep (not open to: new ideas, etc.)不乐于接受...的unrelated to [sth] adj + prep (not connected to)和…无关These figures are unrelated to the ones we looked at earlier.unrelated to [sb] adj + prep (person: not family) (人)没有亲戚关系的, 非亲非故的People unrelated to patients may not visit in the morning.until all hours, till all hours, to all hours adv (until late at night)很晚；深夜untrue to [sb] adj + prep poetic (unfaithful to partner)对...不忠诚的Warren claimed that he'd never been untrue to his wife.unused to [sth] prep (not accustomed to)不习惯；不适应She enjoyed the meal, but she was unused to such rich food.unwilling to do [sth] adj (reluctant to do [sth])不愿意做某事；不情愿做某事The manager was unwilling to make people redundant just before Christmas, but his superiors had instructed him to do so.经理不愿意在快过圣诞节时裁员，但上司命令他这么做。unwilling to accept [sth] expr (intolerant of)无法接受；不能容忍Some people are still unwilling to accept gay marriage.unwilling to accept [sth] expr (in denial of)不接受；不同意She was unwilling to accept that her daughter wasn't coming back.unwillingness to do [sth] n (reluctance to do)不愿意做Johan's unwillingness to serve on the committee took us all by surprise.unworthy to do [sth] expr (not good enough)不值得做；不配做That man is unworthy to be her husband.那个男人不配做她的丈夫。be up to [sth] v expr informal (be capable of)有能力做到…的；能胜任…的Are you sure you are up to this job?你确定你能胜任这份工作了吗？be up to doing [sth] v expr informal (be capable of doing)能够；有能力Alice should apply for the manager's job; I think she is up to running the department.爱丽丝应该申请经理的工作，我认为她有能力管理这个部门。be up to [sth] v expr (be fit enough for)有能力做某事；能胜任；做得了某事We can go for a walk after lunch, if you think you are up to it.午饭后我们可以出去散散步，如果你觉得自己可以的话。be up to doing [sth] v expr (be fit enough to do)能胜任I can run 5K, but I'm not yet up to running a marathon.我可以跑5千米，但还没到能跑马拉松的程度。be up to [sth] v expr informal (be busy with)忙于；从事；干某事What have you been up to since I last saw you?自从我们上次见面后你都忙些什么呢？be up to [sth] v expr informal (be doing: [sth] suspicious)在搞什么名堂；在干什么The shopkeeper asked the mischievous little boy what he was up to.店主问那个顽皮的小男孩在干什么。be up to [sth] v expr informal (be scheming)在谋划；在密谋I don't know what he's planning, but he's definitely up to something!我不知道他要做什么，但他肯定在筹划什么！be up to [sb] adv + prep (be [sb]'s choice)取决于某人；在于某人； (指做决定、选择等)看某人的I don't care where we eat – it's up to you.我随便去哪里吃饭都可以——看你怎么选吧。be up to [sb] to do [sth] adv + prep (be [sb]'s responsibility)由…来…；由…负责…It's up to you to decide where we go tonight.由你决定今晚我们去哪里。up to adv + prep (until, as far as)直到The water was up to my waist and as I can't swim, I panicked.up to [sth] adv + prep (to a maximum of)最多The judge warned the prisoner that he could be facing up to ten years in jail.法官警告囚犯，他可能面临最多十年的监禁。up to [sth] adv + prep (to a higher level) (更高水平)升至，达至We took the elevator up to the tenth floor.up to a point adv (to a limited extent)在一定程度上I liked the film, up to a point, but the gratuitous violence spoiled it for me.up to date, up-to-date adj (current, modern)现代的；先进的；最新的备注: Hyphens are used when the adjective precedes the nounIs your operating system up to date?你的操作系统是最新的么？up to date, up-to-date adj (person: informed)最新的；随时更新的；消息灵通的Jen was always up to date on her celebrity gossip.对于名人的小道传闻珍总是消息灵通。be up to no good v expr (be busy doing [sth] bad)不怀好意；没干好事When he has that look on his face, I know he's up to no good.一看他的神情我就知道，他肯定没干好事。up to now adv (thus far, to this point in time)到目前为止；迄今为止Up to now, I have been successful in my career. No news up to now.到目前为止，没有新消息。迄今为止，我的事业都很成功。up to par expr (satisfactory)令人满意的up to par with [sth/sb] expr (at the same level as)与...标准一致；合乎...的标准up to scratch adj informal, figurative (meets expected standard)达到标准的；符合要求的I didn't get the job as a tour guide because my spoken Spanish wasn't up to scratch.up to snuff adj slang (acceptably good) (俚语)符合标准的His work's always up to snuff.up to speed expr (know the current situation)了解最新情况up to standard adj (acceptably good)合格的；符合标准的up to the job adj informal (capable)胜任工作Many people believe that our manager isn't up to the job.up to the mark adj (acceptably good)符合要求的；达到标准的My teacher told me that my work wasn't up to the mark.up to the minute, up-to-the-minute adj (extremely current)最新的；最新式的备注: Hyphens are used when the adjective precedes the nounThis TV network claims to provide the most up-to-the-minute news.up to the present adv (until now)直到现在；至今I've worked for six weeks but haven't been paid up to the present.up to the time of prep (before or until the era of)截止…时间为止；到…为止up to this time adv (until now)到此刻为止；到目前为止；到现在为止up to this time adv (until a specified point in the past)到那时；到（过去的）某个时间为止upgrade [sb] to [sth] vtr (better seat, hotel, etc.) (入住的酒店房型，机舱座位级别等)为某人升级成； (机舱座位升级)为某人升舱至The airline company upgraded Dan to business class.航空公司为丹升舱至商务舱。upload [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (computer data: transfer to) (计算机数据)把…上传到…Tina uploaded the photo to a social networking website.蒂娜将照片上传到社交网站。urge [sb], urge [sb] to do [sth] vtr (encourage) (具积极性的)催促某人做某事；怂恿某人做某事；鼓励某人做某事；激励某人做某事Helen's teacher urged her to apply for a university place.海伦的老师催促她赶紧申请大学。used to v aux always in past (in the past)曾经；过去常常备注: In the negative, we can say "didn't use to." More formally, we would say "used not to."He used to ride his bike, but now he drives. I didn't use to like this song, but it's growing on me!他过去常骑自行车，但现在都开车。我以前不喜欢这首歌，但慢慢开始有好感了！usage: main meaningIf something used to /juːs tuː, juːs tə/ happen, it happened regularly in the past but does not happen now. Similarly, if something used to be true, it was true in the past but is not true now.She used to go swimming every day.I used to be afraid of you.use [sth] to your advantage v expr (exploit for personal gain)将...作为优势；利用My father went to this university, so I'm going to use that to my advantage and mention it in my application essay.used to do [sth], used to be [sth] v expr (did, was habitually)过去经常；从前常常备注: Used only in simple past tense.I used to go to the local church when I was young.I used to be very shy.小的时候，我常常去本地的教堂。// 我从前非常害羞。venture to do [sth] vi + prep (dare: to do [sth])冒险做某事After months of liking her, James finally ventured to ask Miranda out.喜欢她好几个月后，詹姆士终于冒险约她出来。venture to say [sth], venture to say that vtr (daresay, be so bold as to say)敢说，冒昧地说I would venture to say that most people are living with the discontentment of envious feelings.vibe to [sth] vi + prep informal (enjoy music) (音乐)享受An old song came on the radio and my mum started vibing to it.收音机上传来一首老歌，我妈妈很享受。volunteer to do [sth] v expr (offer to do [sth])自愿做某事Stella volunteered to go first.史黛拉自愿先去。vouchsafe [sb] to do [sth] v expr formal (deign to allow [sth])恩准某人做某事；准许某人做某事If you would vouchsafe me to speak, I am sure I can explain all of this to your satisfaction.如果您准许我说话，我一定能给您一个满意的解释。vouchsafe to do [sth] v expr formal (promise to do [sth])允诺Lord Alderton vouchsafed to deliver the young people safely home after the ball.vow to do [sth] v expr (promise to do [sth])发誓要做某事Patricia vowed to make the world a better place.帕特丽夏发誓要构建一个更美好的世界。vow to do [sth] v expr (make marriage commitment) (结婚时)发誓要做某事，保证要做某事The happy couple vowed to love and honour each other for as long as they both should live.vulnerability to [sth] n uncountable (susceptibility to [sth])脆弱性Vulnerability to disease can increase due to poor nutrition.vulnerable to [sth] adj + prep (open to: attack, etc.)易受…攻击的；易受…伤害的Pearl Harbor was vulnerable to attack because it was approachable from any direction.从任何方向都能接近珍珠港，所以该港容易受到攻击。wait for [sb/sth] to do [sth] vi + prep (await [sth])等待…做…，等…做…We are going to wait for the office to open.我们要去等办公室开门。wake [sb] up to v expr figurative (make aware of)使…意识到He woke her up to the joys of yoga.他让她发现了瑜伽的乐趣。walk to [sth] vi + prep (travel somewhere on foot)步行去…，走路去…The children always walk to school.孩子们总是走路去上学。walk up to [sb/sth] v expr (approach on foot)向…走去He walked up to me and told me how much he enjoyed my presentation.wall-to-wall adj (filling space between walls)铺满整个地板的We have wall-to-wall carpeting in our flat.wall-to-wall adj figurative (ubiquitous, extensive)无孔不入的；无处不在的wall-to-wall carpet n (fitted woven floor covering)铺满整个地板的地毯Every day she vacuumed the wall-to-wall carpet in the foyer.want to do [sth] v expr (would like: to do [sth])想要做；想做；想成为I want to be a doctor when I grow up.长大后，我想做名医生。want [sb] to do [sth] v expr (would like [sb] to do)希望某人做某事I want you to tidy your room.我希望你整理整理自己的房间。warm to [sb] vi + prep figurative (person: grow fonder) (对人)开始喜欢，对…变得热情He was cold at first, but he soon warmed to the guests.warm to [sth] vi + prep figurative (idea: become enthusiastic) (对事物、观念等)变得热情，变得感兴趣Don't worry, you'll soon warm to the idea.warn [sb] to do [sth] v expr (advise to)提醒某人做某事；建议某人做某事Patrick's parents warned him to be careful on his round the world trip. The doctor warned Jane not to overdo things before she was completely recovered.帕特里克的父母提醒他环球之旅的途中要小心。医生提醒简，完全康复之前不要过度劳累。wave at [sb], wave to [sb] vtr + prep (gesture in greeting)向…挥手示意；向…挥手致意Brent waved at his sons as he approached the house.当布伦特要走到家门时，他向儿子挥们手示意。way, way of doing [sth], way to do [sth] n (manner)方式；方法There is more than one way to make a cup of tea.泡茶不止一种方法。way to do [sth] n (means) (做某事的)方法；手段The way to accelerate the project is to add staff.加快项目速度的方法就是增加员工。Way to go! interj informal (Well done!)做得好！；干得漂亮！Way to go! interj informal, ironic (Well done!) (语义讥讽)做得好！；干得漂亮！wed [sth] to [sth], wed [sth] with [sth] vtr figurative (unite, combine) (把事物连在一起)与…结合This tart weds chocolate with pears to make a delicious dessert.wedded to [sth] adj + prep figurative (devoted)献身于，执著于The university is wedded to the ideal of bringing out the best in all its students.wedded to [sth] adj + prep figurative (closely connected to)结合在一起；有联系This town's economy is wedded to the textile industry.welcome to [sth/sb] adj + prep (may have [sth/sb])尽管用…，尽管拿走…I've only got a cheese sandwich, but you're welcome to it.You've been having an affair with my husband? You're welcome to him.我只有一个奶酪三明治，不过请尽管拿去吃。be welcome to do [sth] v expr (may do [sth])可以做某事的；允许做某事的；可随意做某事的You are welcome to use my washer if you have dirty clothes.如果你有脏衣服，可以随便用我的洗衣机。Welcome to my world! interj informal, figurative (expressing familiarity with an experience)我再熟悉不过了!；你也体会到我的遭遇了吧！；欢迎来到我的世界！Welcome to the club! interj informal, figurative (we have the same experience)我也是！；我们也是！weld [sth], weld [sth] to [sth] vtr (metal)焊接；锻接The jewellery maker welded the two pieces of silver.珠宝匠将两块白银锻接在一起。weld [sth], weld [sth] to [sth] vtr figurative (unite, combine)使合并；使合为一体Daphne's love for George welded her soul to his for all eternity.be well-placed to do [sth] v expr (be in a good position to do [sth])处于做某事的有利地位well suited to [sth] adj + prep (suitable for)很合适well-to-do adj (wealthy, rich)富有的，富裕的His clothing made him look rather well-to-do; his accent said otherwise.What are you up to? expr (what are you doing now?)你在干什么？"What are you up to now?" a voice asked Sara when she answered the phone.when it comes to [sth] expr (with regard to)说到，谈到I love to read, but I have trouble when it comes to studying science.我喜欢读书，不过一说到科学课我就不行了。when push comes to shove expr (when things become difficult)到了紧要关头；事态严重时whisper to [sb] vi + prep (talk softly to [sb])对某人低语；向某人窃窃私语The student leaned across the desk to whisper to her friend.那名学生斜倚在桌上跟她朋友窃窃私语。whisper [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (say softly to [sb])向某人低声说；把某事悄悄告诉某人The little boy whispered his secret to his mother.小男孩小声地告诉了妈妈自己的秘密。whisper, whisper to [sb] that vtr + prep (with clause: say softly to [sb])悄悄告诉某人；低声告诉某人Ellen whispered to Lucy that she was leaving.艾伦悄悄告诉露西她要离开了。be whispered to do [sth] v expr (rumored)有传言说；有谣言说；风传说The politician is whispered to be having an affair.据传言，那位政客有外遇。whittle [sth] down to [sth] v expr figurative (cut, reduce to [sth])将...削减至；将...削弱至；将...逐渐减少至；将...逐渐降低至wide open to [sth] adj figurative (exposed, vulnerable to [sth]) (比喻)对...空门大开的，对...大敞的；暴露的The infantry lay itself wide open to attack.wife-to-be n (woman: fiancée)未婚妻will [sth] to happen vtr (make happen by wishing)凭意志的力量驱使；通过强烈地希望来促成It doesn't just happen. You need to will it to happen.will [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (bequeath)将…遗赠给She didn't will anything to her family, and left her estate to charity.will [sb/sth] to do [sth] v expr (try to influence with thoughts)希望促成...做某事；希望...做某事；决意让...做某事He willed the plant to survive, but it withered in the drought.will to power (philosophy)权力意志win [sb] over to [sth] v expr informal (persuade of [sth]'s merits)战胜；把…争取过来；赢得…的支持Little by little we'll win you over to our political cause.逐步的，我们总会赢得你对我们政治动因的支持。winnow [sth] down to [sth] v expr (leave only what is desirable)选择Elsa looked at all the available courses and finally winnowed her choices down to two universities.with a view to doing [sth] expr (so as to)考虑到, 鉴于；为了, 指望I worked hard with a view to applying to a good university.with an eye to [sth/sb] expr (in the hope of)为了；目的在于；着眼于She dressed in her best clothes with an eye to making him notice her.with reference to [sth], in reference to [sth] expr (regarding)关于；有关With reference to industry, we are hiring more workers this year.with regard to, in regard to, with regards to expr (concerning)关于I am writing to you with regard to your son's behaviour in class.我给您写信，是想谈谈您儿子的课堂表现。with respect to [sth] prep (as regards)关于；就…而言With respect to your problems, I'm afraid I can't help at all.就你的问题而言，很遗憾我无能为力。without having to spell things out adv informal (implicitly, tacitly)不必解释I hope that you'll accept what I say without my having to spell things out.without regard to expr (with no concern for)不考虑He kept talking loudly on his cell phone without regard to the other theater patrons.without respect to prep (with no concern for)不管；不顾Millionaires can buy what they want without respect to the cost.work to a deadline v expr (finish ontime)赶在死线前完成工作；及时完成work to a tight deadline v expr (aim to finish task in short time)在很短的时间内完成工作work your fingers to the bone v expr figurative (work very hard)拼命工作；死命工作world to come n (future)未来世界be worth your while doing [sth], be worth your while to do [sth] expr值得花时间做某事；值得花精力做某事It's worth your while reading the reviews before buying a camera.write [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (communicate in writing)给某人写某物I'm going to write a letter to my friend.我要给朋友写封信。usage: ‘write’ and ‘write down’When you write something or write it down, you use a pen or pencil to make words, letters, or numbers on a surface. The past tense of write is wrote. The -ed participle is written.I wrote down what the boy said.Her name was written on the back of the photograph.write to [sb] vi + prep (send [sb] a letter, email)给…写信，给…发邮件I wrote to my MP to ask her to back my campaign.我给我的议员写信，请她支持我竞选。write back to [sb], write [sb] back v expr US (send a written reply to [sb]) (指以书面方式)给...回复，给...回函wrong end to, wrong-end-to adv US (backwards)头尾反了；头错了The flashlight didn't work because he had put in the battery wrong end to.year to date n (from start of year to now)从年初到现在；从年初到目前Our income has fallen during the year to date. How much tax have you already paid in the year to date?从年初到目前，我们的收入下滑了。从年初到现在，你支付了多少税款？yearn to do [sth] v expr (want: to do)渴望做某事；盼望做某事The little girl sat quietly at her desk, but she was yearning to go outside and play in the sunshine.那个小女儿安静规矩地坐在桌旁，但内心却渴望到外面去，在阳光下玩耍嬉戏。yield, yield to [sb] vi (allow to speak)让与发言权I yield to the esteemed senator from Colorado.yoke [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (animal: attach to plough) (牲口)给…套上（犁、车等）The farmer yoked the oxen to the plough.农夫给牛套上犁。yoke [sb] to [sb] vtr + prep figurative (join together) (比喻)把…和…绑到一起，使…和…连结到一起Tim guessed his marriage yoked him to Jane for life.you beat me to it expr (you did it first)你抢在我前面I was going to order a pizza, but you beat me to it.you'll have hell to pay interj slang (severe consequences) (俚语)你会受到严厉惩罚；你会有苦果子吃
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