| 词汇 | UK: |
| 释义 | UK: 动词短语bail out, also UK: bale out vi phrasal informal, figurative (abandon [sth]) (非正式用语，常指为避免损失)放弃，离开，撤手We were planning a party, but almost everybody bailed out.我们计划开个派对，但几乎所有人都没来。bail out, also UK: bale out vi phrasal (jump from plane)从飞机上跳出；从飞机中弹出The pilot bailed out just before his plane hit the trees.飞行员在飞机撞树前跳伞了。bail [sth] out, bail out [sth], also UK: bale [sth] out, bale out [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (help with money) (某机构)出资帮助…摆脱困境The government bailed out many large banks during the recession.在经济衰退期间，政府出钱援助了许多大银行。bail [sb] out, bail out [sb], also UK: bale [sb] out, bale out [sb] vtr phrasal sep (help with money) (某人)出资帮助…摆脱困境A relative bailed Ian out with a loan.一位亲戚出钱帮助兰还了贷款。bail [sb] out, bail out [sb], also UK: bale [sb] out, bale out [sb] vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (rescue)保释；帮助…摆脱难关；帮助…脱离困境You can't expect your big brother to bail you out whenever you have a problem.你不能总是指望任何时候出了问题都由你哥哥帮你摆脱困境。bail [sth] out, bail out [sth], also UK: bale [sth] out, bale out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (boat: empty water)把...舀出去The canoe is so full of water, it's about to sink; time to bail it out!独木舟里全是水，马上要沉了，该把水都舀出去。bail out of [sth], UK: bale out of [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal, figurative (end involvement)从…中摆脱Eric bailed out of the project when the firm didn't pay him.bail out on [sb], UK: bale out on [sb] vi phrasal + prep informal, figurative (abandon: [sb])放弃；抛弃James bailed out on Chris and left him to do all the work on his own.ball [sth] up, ball up [sth] (US), balls [sth] up, balls up [sth] (UK) vtr phrasal sep slang (do [sth] badly) (俚语)把…搞得一团糟备注: In the UK, 'balls up' may be offensive to some.I've really balled up my computer this time; I'll have to call tech support.bang around, also UK: bang about vi phrasal (move about clumsily)乒乒乓乓地搬动东西；笨手笨脚地发出声响The baby woke up in the middle of the night, crying, because Joe was banging around in the kitchen.bat [sth] around, also UK: bat [sth] about vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (discuss casually)随便谈论；非正式地讨论；call in, also UK: ring in, phone in vi phrasal (phone)打电话进去Radio listeners are encouraged to call in to make comments.我们鼓励电台听众打电话进来发表意见。；capitalize on [sth], also UK: capitalise on [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (make the most of)最大化利用center around [sth] (US), centre around [sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep (be based on, concerned with)围绕；以...为中心center in on [sth] (US), centre in on [sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep (focus on)聚焦于Now that the camera's shown us the whole pitch, centre in on just the coach.；center on [sb/sth], center upon [sb/sth] (US), centre on [sb/sth], centre upon [sb/sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep (have as main topic)以…为中心, 重点在于…His talk centered on one key issue.center on [sb/sth] (US), centre on [sb/sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep (have as main purpose)围绕；以…为中心My grandfather's life centered on his family.clock in, also UK: clock on vi phrasal (register arrival at work)打卡上班；记录上班时间Steven clocks in at 7 every morning. Don't forget to clock in when you get to work.clown around, also UK: clown about vi phrasal informal (play the fool, behave in a silly way)扮小丑One can never take him seriously; he's always clowning around.clue [sb] in, also UK: clue [sb] up vtr phrasal sep informal (inform)给…讲解，告诉Eleanor had no idea why everyone in the office was cheering, so she asked Jane to clue her in.clue [sb] in on [sth], also UK: clue [sb] up on [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (inform)告诉某人某事Can you clue me in on what's going on?come around, also UK: come round vi phrasal informal (recover consciousness)苏醒The patient came around soon after his operation.手术过后没多久，病人就苏醒了。come around, also UK: come round vi phrasal figurative (be persuaded)改变观点，改变看法；被说服My parents aren't keen on my new boyfriend, but they'll come round when they get to know him.我的父母不喜欢我的新男友，但当他们了解了他之后，他们就会改变看法的。come around, also UK: come round to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (revise your opinion)改变观点；改而接受…的观点Steve eventually came round to my opinion.最终，史蒂夫改而接受我的观点了。come around, also UK: come round vi phrasal (date, event: occur again)再次到来；再次发生Jill always feels sad when the anniversary of her husband's death comes around.每到丈夫的忌日，吉尔就会陷入悲痛之中。cozy up (US), cosy up (UK) vi phrasal informal (get comfortable)温暖舒适地依偎在一起They cosied up on the sofa to watch a movie.cozy up with [sb] (US), cosy up with [sb] (UK) vtr phrasal insep informal (snuggle)与…依偎在一起cozy up to [sb] (US), cosy up to [sb] (UK) vtr phrasal insep figurative, informal (ingratiate yourself)讨好；巴结He's trying to get a promotion and has been cosying up to the boss.cozy up (US), cosy up (UK) vi phrasal figurative, informal (get intimate)亲密；亲热It looks like Mike and Susan have really been cosying up lately!drop around, also UK: drop round vi phrasal informal (visit [sb]'s house)串门Steve dropped round earlier, while you were out; I said you'd phone him when you got back.你早先出门的时候，史蒂夫来串门了；我告诉他你回来就会给他打电话。drop around, also UK: drop [sth] round vtr phrasal sep informal (bring [sth])把...带来As you'll be passing my house anyway, could you drop that paperwork around?反正你要经过我家，能不能顺便把那份文件带来？fart around, also UK: fart about vi phrasal vulgar, slang (spend time foolishly)游手好闲；闲荡；fiddle around, also UK: fiddle about vi phrasal informal (waste time doing [sth] trivial)闲荡；虚度时光He began to fiddle around doing crossword puzzles, but soon noticed his English was improving.fiddle around with [sth], also UK: fiddle about with [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (play absent-mindedly with)心不在焉地拨弄She fiddled around with the things on her desk while I was talking.fiddle around with [sth], also UK: fiddle about with [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (alter or adjust unhelpfully)摆弄..., 捣鼓...He loved to fiddle about with old cars, but never actually fixed them up.flail around, also UK: flail about vi phrasal (thrash about) (四肢)剧烈扭动，猛烈摆动，拼命乱挥f*** around, also UK: f*** about vi phrasal vulgar, offensive, slang (waste time) (俚语)混日子，瞎混Stop f***ing about and get on with your work!fumble around, UK: fumble about vi phrasal (do things clumsily)瞎摸；乱动；胡乱摸索He's fumbling around in the kitchen; can't you hear the noise?get around [sth], also UK: get round [sth] vtr phrasal insep (circumvent)绕道而行；绕开；规避You can't get around the problem by pretending it doesn't exist.你不能假装没有问题来回避。get around, also UK: get round, get about vi phrasal informal (circulate)散布，传播When word got around that she was baking cookies, all the children appeared at her door.她在烘焙饼干的消息传开后，所有孩子都出现在她门口。get around to [sth], also UK: get round to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (find time)抽出时间Bill eventually got round to the washing-up.get around to doing [sth], also UK: get round to doing [sth] vtr phrasal insep (find time)抽出时间做某事One of these days, I will get around to making the trip to Paris.go around, also UK: go round vi phrasal (rotate, revolve)旋转；转圈The baby watched the top go round and laughed.Each of the beautifully painted horses became visible as the carousel went around.宝宝看着陀螺旋转，呵呵地笑。 // 随着木马开始旋转，一匹匹精致绘制的木马都变得清晰可见。go around, also UK: go round vi phrasal (be shared by all)够分；分给所有人；每个人都能分到Do you think there'll be enough loaves and fishes to go around?你认为有足够的面包和鱼给大家分么？go around, also UK: go round, go about vi phrasal (illness: be transmitted) (疾病)传染，传播；流行，肆虐There's a nasty strain of flu going around.有一种恶性流感正在肆虐。go around, also UK: go round, go about vi phrasal (be in a state habitually)经常处于（某个状态）He goes around looking filthy.She goes about as if she owns the place.他一直都邋里邋遢的。// 她举止大摇大摆，神气活现，好像这里是她家似得。go around, also UK: go round, go about vi phrasal figurative, informal (circulate, spread)传播，流传，四起；散布There's a rumour going round that you're cheating on Tim.有谣言说你背着提姆在外面寻花问柳。go around, also UK: go round vi phrasal informal (pay a visit to [sb])顺便拜访；顺便走访I'll go round to your place when I'm done.我完工后会去你那儿的。go off on [sb] (US), go off at [sb] (UK) vtr phrasal insep informal (express anger)向某人发火；朝某人发作All I said was that he had a bit of a temper and he went off on me!gray [sth] out (US), grey [sth] out (UK) vtr phrasal sep (computing: disable) (计算机)使…呈现灰色而禁用gray out (US), grey out (UK) vi phrasal (person: suffer faded vision)灰视I grayed out for a moment, and had to lie down.；hang around, also UK: hang about vi phrasal informal (loiter)闲逛It's annoying when youths hang around at the bus stop intimidating customers.年轻人在公车站晃悠恐吓顾客，令人厌烦。hang around, also UK: hang about vi phrasal informal (wait, be kept waiting)徘徊，等待I hung around for 30 minutes but Steve didn't show up.我在那里等了30分钟，但史蒂夫却没有出现。hang around with [sb], also UK: hang about with [sb] vi phrasal + prep informal (socialize with [sb])跟…在一起；跟…交往Since Harvey started hanging around with a group of older boys, he is always getting in trouble.自从哈维开始和一群大龄男孩混在一起，他总是惹麻烦。have [sb] over, also UK: have [sb] round, have [sb] around vtr phrasal sep informal (receive as a guest)邀请…来做客horse around, also UK: horse about vi phrasal informal (behave in a silly or frivolous way) (孩子)胡闹；疯玩While the parents made dinner, the kids horsed around at their feet.父母做饭时，孩子在他们周围打闹。hover around, also UK: hover about vi phrasal figurative (wait nearby)在周围逗留；在附近徘徊kick about, UK: kick around vi phrasal (be unused, be neglected)被弃置，被忽视kick about, UK: kick around vi phrasal (wander, roam)闲逛，漫步，游荡knock [sb] around, also UK: knock [sb] about vtr phrasal sep informal (punch or treat roughly)粗暴对待；拳打脚踢；knock [sth] around, also UK: knock [sth] about vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (consider, debate: an idea)探讨；探究knock around, also UK: knock about vi phrasal informal (idle, hang around)闲逛；溜达loaf around (US), loaf about (UK) vi phrasal informal (sit idly)闲坐着；闲待着I can't loaf about, watching television; I have to go to work.The lazy student loafed about instead of doing his homework.look around for [sb/sth], also UK: look round for [sb/sth], look about for [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (seek in surrounding area)四处寻找I misplaced my keys, so I'll have to look around for them.mess around, also UK: mess about vi phrasal informal (be frivolous)磨磨蹭蹭做些琐碎的事，东拉西扯一些有的没的Stop messing around and let's discuss this seriously.不要再东拉西扯了，让我们严肃认真地讨论这件事。mess around, also UK: mess about vi phrasal informal (be unproductive)磨洋工；混时间；倒腾My husband is messing around in the garage - I've no idea what he's doing in there.我丈夫正在车库里倒腾，不知道他到底在干嘛。mess around with [sth], also UK: mess about with [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (tamper, play with)摆弄；玩弄He enjoyed messing around with boats.他喜欢摆弄船只。mess around with [sth], also UK: mess about with [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (spoil by fussing)瞎摆弄；瞎玩弄Your painting is fine now; don't mess around with it any more or you will ruin it.你的画已经完工了，别瞎摆弄了，否则你会毁了它的。mess around with [sb], also UK: mess about with [sb] vi phrasal + prep slang (tease)戏弄；与…开玩笑Why are you so upset? We were just messing around with you.别这么难过。我们刚刚跟你开玩笑呢。mess around with [sb], also UK: mess about with [sb] vi phrasal + prep slang (have an affair)与…鬼混；与…胡搞Helen caught her husband messing around with another woman.海伦抓到丈夫与别的女人鬼混。mess [sb] around, also UK: mess [sb] about vtr phrasal insep slang (treat disrespectfully)为...带来不便；怠慢I'm sorry to mess you around, but I need to change the date of our meeting.很抱歉为您带来不便，不过我必须变更我们会议的日期。；order [sb] around, UK: order [sb] about vtr phrasal sep informal (be bossy towards)不断对…发号施令；将…差来遣去Don't try to order me around; you aren't my boss.；plow ahead (US), plough ahead (UK) vi phrasal figurative (make progress with difficulty)奋力前进；埋头苦干Despite the setbacks, we need to plow ahead with the project so we can finish it by the deadline.plow into [sth/sb] (US), plough into [sth/sb] (UK) vtr phrasal insep (crash into [sb] or [sth])撞上；撞入plow on (US), plough on (UK) vi phrasal figurative (continue despite difficulty)继续奋力前进plow through [sth] (US), plough through [sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep figurative (move across with difficulty)艰难地穿过；费力穿过Because of the terrain, we were forced to plow through the enemy's most strongly defended points.plow through [sth] (US), plough through [sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep figurative (vehicle: drive through obstacles) (指机动车)艰难驶过plow through [sth] (US), plough through [sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep figurative (work through: [sth] difficult)努力耕耘；刻苦工作plow through [sth] (US), plough through [sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep figurative (read: [sth] lengthy or heavy)刻苦研读；费力阅读You will just have to plough through the archives until you find what you are looking for.plow [sb] under (US), plough [sb] under (UK) vtr phrasal insep figurative (overwhelm) (人)压倒，压制； (人)埋没plow [sth] up (US), plough [sth] up (UK) vtr phrasal sep (turn soil of a field)用犁把（土）翻起来；pry [sth] away, prize [sth] away (US), prise [sth] away (UK) vtr phrasal sep (draw away with difficulty)费劲地从...处拉开；费很大力气离开Once my son got his own laptop, I could scarcely pry him away from it.punch in, clock in (US), clock on (UK) vi phrasal (activate time card at job) (指上班记录考勤的方法)打卡；打钟punch out, clock out (US), clock off (UK) vi phrasal (at work: record leaving time)下班打卡rally around, also UK: rally round vi phrasal (show solidarity)团结在一起；把…团结在一起The neighbours rallied around to help Janet while her husband was sick.rally around, also UK: rally round [sb] vtr phrasal insep (support [sb])团结在…的周围；团结在…身边Everyone rallied round the mayor in his moment of crisis.；reengage in [sth] (US), re-engage in [sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep (join [sth] again)重新加入；重新参加roll around, also UK: roll about vi phrasal打滚；翻滚The two youngest kids were rolling about and playing on the large bed.roll around, also UK: roll about vi phrasal (sway this way and that)摇摇晃晃The passengers were rolling around as the bus sped along the winding road.rough up [sb], rough [sb] up (US), rough [sb] (UK) vtr phrasal sep informal (sports: abuse a player) (体育运动中)粗暴对待, 凶狠应对Go in there and rough up their best player, but don't get any fouls called on you.rush around, also UK: rush about vi phrasal (go about things hurriedly)风风火火地四处奔忙；忙完这边忙那边James was rushing around, trying to get everything organized for the party.scrape through (UK), scrape by (US) vi phrasal figurative, informal (only just succeed)勉强通过；压线通过scrape through [sth] (UK), scrape by [sth] (US) vtr phrasal insep figurative, informal (only just succeed in [sth])勉强通过某事；压线通过某事；skate around [sth], skate over [sth], UK: skate round [sth] vtr phrasal insep (avoid discussing: problem)一带而过；轻描淡写；sponge off [sb/sth], also UK: sponge on [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (obtain money, help)揩…的油Edward's friends are getting fed up with him sponging off them.stand around, UK: stand about vi phrasal (do nothing, remain idle)闲站着；懒散地消磨时间Jeremy stands around talking instead of doing his work.swing [sb/sth] around, also UK: swing [sb/sth] round vtr phrasal sep (turn [sb/sth] around quickly)使转过来swing around (US), swing round (UK) vi phrasal (turn quickly)回转；转过来swing around (US), swing round (UK) vi phrasal figurative (change opinion) (主意)改变；talk [sb] around, also UK: talk [sb] round vtr phrasal sep (persuade)说服；劝服I didn't really feel like going out, but my friends talked me round.；wait around, also UK: wait about vi phrasal (wait for [sb/sth])呆呆地等待；什么也不做地等候warm up to [sth] (US), warm to [sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep (become more in favour of)适应；逐渐喜欢上；慢慢习惯warm up to [sb] (US), warm to [sb] (UK) vtr phrasal insep (come to like better)慢慢喜欢上；work around [sth], also UK: work round [sth] vtr phrasal insep (avoid, bypass)避免；避开；绕过They worked around the software bug by eliminating some features.zip [sth] up, zip up [sth] (UK), zipper [sth] up, zipper up [sth] (US) vtr phrasal sep (close with a zip fastener)拉上；用拉链扣上Zip up your jacket!复合形式： -colored (US), -coloured (UK) adj (colored a certain way)-色的备注: The hyphen may be omitted when the adjective follows the noun. a dime a dozen (US), ten a penny (UK) adj figurative, informal (common) (非正式用语)一毛钱一打，不值钱In Hollywood, aspiring young actresses are a dime a dozen. a drop in the ocean (UK), a drop in the bucket (US) n UK, figurative, informal (amount: trivial)沧海一栗The money I give to charity is a drop in the ocean compared to some people. a hairbreadth away (US), a hair's breadth away (UK) expr figurative (very close)近在咫尺The house that I bought was a hair's breadth away from the sea. a millstone around your neck (US), a millstone round your neck (UK) expr figurative (burden: mental or emotional)如同套在脖子上的磨盘；成为沉重负担 a quarter till [sth], a quarter 'til [sth] (US), a quarter to [sth], quarter to [sth] (UK) expr (15 minutes before the hour)差十五分钟到…（点）I'll meet you at a quarter till one... in the afternoon, of course. a quarter till, a quarter 'til (US), a quarter to, quarter to (UK) expr informal (15 minutes before the hour)...点差一刻 about (UK), around (US) adv (in the opposing direction)掉头，掉转方向，往反方向He whirled about and saw that his girlfriend was behind him.他转过身，发现他女朋友已在他身后。 about (UK), around (US) adv (in circumference)按周长算The lake is approximately three miles about. about-face, also UK: about-turn n figurative (policy, opinion: reversal) (观点、政策的)彻底转变Following a strong public outcry, the politician did an about-face regarding his position on global warming. about-face, also UK: about-turn n (military: turn)向后转 About-face!, also UK: About-turn! interj (military: turn) (军事)向后转！；朝反方向前进！Company halt! About-face! Forward march! about-face, also UK: about-turn vi (military: perform a turn)向后转 about-face, also UK: about-turn vi (turn in opposite direction)大转变；大转弯 aboveboard (US), above board, above-board (UK) adj figurative (honest)诚实的；不欺瞒的；光明正大的备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the noun.He likes to keep his business dealings aboveboard. aboveboard (US), above board (UK) adv figurative (honestly)光明正大Be assured, I always operate aboveboard. abovementioned (US), above-mentioned (UK) adj formal, written (cited previously)上述的，上文提及的The above-mentioned changes will be in effect until the end of the month.直至月末，上述变更方可生效。 abridgment (US), abridgement (UK) n (condensing written work)缩略；简写 abridgment (US), abridgement (UK) n (writing: condensed version)缩略版；简写版 abridgment (US), abridgement (UK) n (lessening, limitation)缩略, 节略The working group is trying to come up with an abridgement of the process. absentminded (US), absent-minded (UK) adj (forgetful)心不在焉的；漫不经心的He's so absentminded that he forgot his own birthday!他总是心不在焉的，竟然忘记了他自己的生日！ accessorize, also UK: accessorise vi (wear accessories)佩戴饰品Steph only wears black, but she livens up her look by accessorizing. accessorize [sth/sb], also UK: accessorise [sth/sb] vtr (adorn with accessories)用饰品装饰A colourful scarf is the perfect way to accessorise an outfit. accessorize [sth] with [sth], also UK: accessorise [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (furnish [sth] with accessories)给…装配（附件等）Adam has accessorized his home with antique lamps, mirrors and rugs. acclimatization, also UK: acclimatisation n (becoming accustomed to)适应过程；逐渐习惯的过程 acclimatize, also UK: acclimatise vi figurative (become accustomed)适应；习惯The climber suffered from altitude sickness for a few days before he acclimatized. acclimatize to [sth], also UK: acclimatise to [sth] vi + prep figurative (become accustomed to [sth])使适应；使习惯于People in the city have been forced to acclimatize to increased security controls. acclimatize [sb/sth] to [sth], also UK: acclimatise [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (accustom to [sth])使适应；使习惯于If you have cats and you move house you need to keep the cats indoors for at least a few days to acclimatize them to their new home. acclimatize, also UK: acclimatise vi (become used to climate)适应气候；服水土Selina isn't used to this cold weather, but I'm sure she'll acclimatize. acclimatize [sb/sth] to [sth], also UK: acclimatise [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (accustom to climate)使...适应气候；使…服水土Before planting out your young seedlings, take them out of the greenhouse for a short period, then increase each day, to acclimatize them to the colder conditions outdoors. accouter [sb] (US), accoutre [sb] (UK) vtr usually passive (military: equip) (军用)为...提供装备，配备 accouter [sb] with [sth] (US), accoutre [sb] with [sth] (UK) vtr + prep (equip or furnish)为...装备... accouterments (US), accoutrements (UK) npl (accessories)饰品；饰物 accouterments (US), accoutrements (UK) npl (military equipment)军用装备 acetaminophen (US), paracetamol (UK) n (drug used for pain relief) (一种解热镇痛药)对乙酰氨基酚 acknowledgment, also UK: acknowledgement n (response)搭理，理会Last time I saw her she didn't even give me an acknowledgment.上次我见她的时候，她甚至都没搭理我。 acknowledgment, also UK: acknowledgement n (accepting truth)承认Finding a solution will first require acknowledgement of the problem. acknowledgment, also UK: acknowledgement n (appreciation)表彰Bridget received an award in acknowledgement of her work. acknowledgments, also UK: acknowledgements npl (in book: author's thanks) (图书：作者的感谢)致谢，鸣谢In the acknowledgements, the author thanked her family and friends. actualization, also UK: actualisation n (making, becoming real)实现；成真 actualize, also UK: actualise vi (become real)实现；成真 actualize [sth], also UK: actualise [sth] vtr (make real)实现；使成真 addressor, also UK: addresser n (directs message)发信人 administrative center (US), administrative centre (UK) n (county: main town)行政中心 aftereffect, also UK: after-effect n often plural (consequence)后果, 事后影响； (药物)副作用, 后作用 aggrandize [sth], also UK: aggrandise [sth] vtr (exaggerate importance of [sth])夸大某事的重要性 aggrandize [sb], also UK: aggrandise [sb] vtr (exaggerate [sb]'s importance)夸大某人的重要性 aggrandize [sth], also UK: aggrandise [sth] vtr (make larger)扩大；增大 aggrandizement, UK: aggrandisement n (making greater or bigger)扩大；加大 aging (US), ageing (UK) n (process of getting old) (人)变老 ， 苍老； (物)老化 ， 变旧Aging is something that no one can run away from.变老是每个人都逃脱不了的命运。 aging (US), ageing (UK) n (cheese: process of maturing)芝士发酵 aging (US), ageing (UK) adj (growing old)变老的；老龄化的They are offering more training courses as part of their effort to replace an ageing workforce.为了替换老龄化的劳动力，他们正提供更多的训练课程。 agonize, also UK: agonise vi (struggle to decide) (为作出决定)挣扎，困扰，折磨Paul agonized for days before handing in his resignation. agonize over [sth], agonize about [sth], also UK: agonise over [sth], agonise about [sth] vi + prep (struggle with decision)为…而纠结痛苦I was very unsure about whether or not to give up my job and I agonised over the decision for weeks. agonize over doing [sth], also UK: agonise over doing [sth] v expr (struggle with decision)为…而挣扎；为…而困扰The tickets were expensive, so I agonized over going on the trip for months. agonize [sb], also UK: agonise [sb] vtr (cause to be anguished)使…感到非常痛苦 agonizing, also UK: agonising adj (very painful)使人非常痛苦的；让人疼痛难忍的A dislocated shoulder can be agonizing. agonizing, also UK: agonising adj (distressing)令人苦恼的；让人焦虑不安的It is agonizing to see people starving in news reports. agonizing pain, also UK: agonising pain n (extreme physical discomfort)极度的疼痛；剧痛The agonizing pain of the injury caused her to scream uncontrollably. air waybill, also UK: consignment note (shipping document)空运单；航空运单 airdrome (US), aerodrome (UK) n (type of airport)飞机场 airfoil (US), aerofoil (UK) n (aircraft: wing flap to give lift)机翼 airplane (US), aeroplane (UK) n (aircraft)飞机The passengers boarded the airplane in an orderly manner.乘客们有秩序地登上了飞机。 alarm bell (US), alarm bells (UK) n figurative (warning, caution)警告, 提醒George's late arrival for our first date should have set off alarm bells that he's not a punctual person. alkalize, also UK: alkalise vi (chemistry: become alkaline) (化学)碱化 alkalize [sth], also UK: alkalise [sth] vtr (chemistry: make alkaline) (化学)使碱化 all around (US), all round (UK) adv (everywhere)各个方面；各个地方Prices have increased all around.各个地方物价都上涨了。 all around (US), all round (UK) adv informal (for everyone)所有人；每个人Joe called for drinks all around to celebrate his good news.乔打电话给所有人来庆祝他的好消息。 all around (US), all round (UK) adv (in all aspects)在各方面This is a better solution all round.从各个方面看，这都是一个更好的解决方案。 all around [sth/sb] (US), all round [sth/sb] (UK) prep (surrounding)周围；四周David looked all around him, but Eleanor was nowhere to be seen.大卫环顾四周都未看到埃莉诺。 all-around (US), all-round (UK) adj (versatile, multi-skilled)多才多艺的；全能的Joe has developed into an all-around player for the basketball team. all-around (US), all-round (UK) adj (comprehensive, overall)全面的；各个方面的The school aims to provide an all-around education for its students. all-purpose flour (US), plain flour (UK) n (wheat flour)通用面粉；普通面粉；不含发酵粉的面粉All-purpose flour is great for cookies, but doesn't have enough gluten for bread. allegorize, also UK: allegorise vi (compose allegory)写寓言 allegorize [sth], also UK: allegorise [sth] vtr (interpret [sth] as allegory)寓言化；用寓言来诠释 alligator clip (US), crocodile clip (UK) n (clamp in electrical circuit)接线夹；鳄鱼夹 alphabetization, also UK: alphabetisation n (organization by letter)按字母顺序排列 alphabetize [sth], also UK: alphabetise vtr (arrange in alphabetical order)按照字母顺序排列 alphabetizer, UK: alphabetiser n (person: organizer)按字母顺序排列事物的人 aluminum (US), aluminium (UK) n (lightweight metal) (aluminium的美式拼法， 一种轻金属)铝Aluminum is used to make kitchen foil because it can withstand heat. aluminum (US), aluminium (UK) n as adj (made of aluminum)铝制的；铝质的Aluminum cans are recyclable. aluminum foil (US), aluminium foil (UK), tin foil (UK) n (silver paper used for baking)铝箔纸We wrapped up our food with aluminum foil. aluminum hydroxide (US), aluminium hydroxide (UK) n (chemical compound)氢氧化铝Aluminum hydroxide is the active ingredient in many antiperspirant deodorants. amebic (US), amoebic (UK) adj (relating to an amoeba) (美式拼法)变形虫的 ameboid (US), amoeboid (UK) adj (ameba-like)似变形虫的；象变形虫的 amenorrhea (US), amenorrhoea (UK) n (lack of menstruation)闭经 Americanization, also UK: Americanisation n (influence of US culture)美国文化影响The politician complained about the increasing Americanization of British culture. Americanization, also UK: Americanisation n (assimilation into US culture)美国化 Americanize [sb/sth], also UK: Americanise [sb/sth] vtr (make American in character)使美国化 Americanize, also UK: Americanise vi (become American in character)美国化 among, also UK: amongst prep (in the midst of)在…中间，在…之中；在…其中Josiah's farm is situated among the cornfields of eastern Kansas.He lives amongst mountains of hoarded rubbish.乔赛亚的农场坐落于堪萨斯州东部的玉米地中。 // 他生活在堆积如山的垃圾之中。usage: groupsIf you are among a group of people or things, you are surrounded by them.Dev wandered among his guests.Among his baggage was a medicine chest.Be carefulDon't say that you are ‘among’ two people or things. You say that you are between them.Myra and Barbara sat in the back, the baby between them.The island is midway between São Paulo and Porto Alegre.➜ See betweenThe form amongst is sometimes used, but is more formal than among.The old farmhouse was hidden amongst orchards. among, also UK: amongst prep (counted with, member of)属于其中，…之一Pearls and gold coins were among the treasures in the chest.Among the victims of the earthquake was a 60-year-old man.抽屉里的金银财宝有珍珠和金币等。 // 此次地震的受害者中，有一位60岁的老年男子。 among, also UK: amongst prep (with many of)对…中的大多数人而言，根据…的普遍看法Their music's popular among college students.他们的音乐广受大学生欢迎。 among, also UK: amongst prep (divided in shares) (进行分配)在…之间，在…当中The children divided the estate among themselves.We divided the biscuits amongst the children.子女们将财产分了。 // 我们将饼干分给了孩子们。 amortizable, UK: amortisable adj (finance: cost written off) (会计)摊销的；分期偿还的 amortization, also UK: amortisation n (writing off asset value) (会计)摊销，摊还 amortization schedule, also UK: amortisation schedule n (loan repayment plan)分期付款时间表；分期付款计划表 amortization schedule, also UK: amortisation schedule n (depreciation schedule)摊销表；摊销时间表 amortize [sth], also UK: amortise [sth] vtr (pay off debt over time)对…进行分期付款The mortgage is amortized over 30 years. amortize [sth], also UK: amortise [sth] vtr (reduce cost, value over time)摊销You can get a tax deduction if you amortize your equipment. amphitheater (US), amphitheatre (UK) n (open-air arena)露天竞技场Many plays were performed in this ancient Roman amphitheater.amphitheater (US), amphitheatre (UK) n (indoor auditorium) (美式拼法)室内观众席，（剧场中的）阶梯式座位区analgesia (US), analgaesia (UK) n (pain relief)痛觉缺失analgesic (US), analgaesic (UK) n (drug: painkiller) (药品)止痛剂，止痛片My doctor prescribed an analgesic for the pain in my legs.analgesic (US), analgaesic (UK) adj (painkilling)止痛的；消除疼痛的For two hundred years, morphine has been prized for its analgesic effects.analog (US), analogue (UK) adj (not digital) (尤指钟表)机械的，有长短针的an analog of [sth], an analog to [sth] (US), an analogue of [sth], an analogue to [sth] (UK) n ([sth] comparable)与…类似之物，与…相似之物；与…类似的情况analog clock (US), analogue clock (UK) n (timepiece: not digital)指针式时钟；针式时钟analog line (US), analogue line (UK) n (cable: non-digital data)模拟线路This computer has a modem, allowing it to send data over an analog line.analogize, also UK: analogise vi (make comparisons)类比analogize [sth] to [sth], also UK: analogise [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (compare)将…与…进行类比analyze [sth] (US), analyse [sth] (UK) vtr (study closely)细察；细查；仔细研究The students have to analyse a passage from Shakespeare for their exam.学生们必须在考试中仔细研究莎士比亚的一段话。analyze [sth] (US), analyse [sth] (UK) vtr (investigate)分析Investigators tried to analyze the cause of the accident.调查人员试图分析事故的原因。analyze [sb] (US), analyse [sb] (UK) vtr informal, abbreviation (psychoanalyze)对...做心理分析The therapist analyzed her patient.治疗师对她的病人做了心理分析。analyzer, UK: analyser n (software: analyzes)分析程序The software includes a spell checker and a grammar analyzer.analyzer, UK: analyser n (person: analyzes)分析者；分析人员anathematize [sb], also UK: anathematise [sb] vtr (religion: condemn as evil) (宗教)把…驱逐出教会，开除…的教籍；强烈谴责anathematize [sb], also UK: anathematise [sb] vtr figurative (curse)诅咒...anatomize [sth], also UK: anatomise [sth] vtr (deconstruct, analyse)剖析；分析anemia (US), anaemia (UK) n (lack of red blood cells) (美式拼法)贫血，贫血症Ellen was feeling tired and dizzy, so she went to the doctor, who told her she was suffering from anemia.anemic (US), anaemic (UK) adj (suffering from anaemia) (美式拼写，本义)患有贫血症的anemic (US), anaemic (UK) adj figurative (feeble) (美式拼写，比喻)没有生气的，没有活力的，没有精神的anesthesia (US), anaesthesia (UK) n ([sth] that numbs feeling) (美式拼法)让人感觉麻木之物The right side of Lauren's face was completely numbed by the anesthesia administered by her dentist.anesthesia (US), anaesthesia (UK) n ([sth] that induces unconsciousness) (美式拼法)（使人丧失知觉的）麻醉物，麻醉品，麻醉剂I awoke from the anaesthesia feeling confused.anesthesiologist, anaesthesiologist (US), anaesthetist (UK) n ([sb] who administers anaesthetic) (美式拼写)麻醉师anesthesiology (US), anaesthesiology (UK) n (medicine: giving anaesthetics) (美式拼写)麻醉学anesthetic (US), anaesthetic (UK) n (drug: numbs pain) (美式拼法)麻醉剂，麻醉药，麻醉品In the middle ages, surgery was performed without an anesthetic.anesthetic (US), anaesthetic (UK) adj (numbing pain) (美式拼法)麻醉的，麻木的Oil of cloves has an anesthetic effect when applied to the gums.anesthetist (US), anaesthetist (UK) n ([sb] who administers anaesthetic)麻醉师anesthetization (US), anaesthetizing, anaesthetising (UK) n (giving of an anaesthetic)麻醉anesthetize [sb] (US), anaesthetize [sb], anaesthetise [sb] (UK) vtr (patient: put to sleep)给...全身麻醉The operation required that she be anaesthetized.anesthetize [sth] (US), anaesthetize [sth], anaesthetise [sth] (UK) vtr (body part: make numb) (身体局部)使...麻醉This injection will anaesthetize the area around the tooth.anesthetize [sb] (US), anaesthetize [sb], anaesthetise [sb] (UK) vtr figurative (desensitize to emotion)使麻木，使迟钝； (比喻感情等)麻醉anesthetizing (US), anaesthetizing, anaesthetising (UK) adj (injection, effect: numbing)麻醉的anglicization, Anglicization, UK: anglicisation, Anglicisation n (process: making, becoming English)英国化anglicize [sth], Anglicize, also UK: anglicise [sth], Anglicise [sth] vtr (make English)使英国化；使英语化annex, also UK: annexe n (additional part of document) (文件的)附录，附加部分The graphs showing the company's recent progress can be found in the annexes to the report.annex, also UK: annexe n (building)附属建筑物The library keeps older issues of academic journals in the annex.annualize [sth], also UK: annualise [sth] vtr (convert to yearly rate) (收益等)年化annualized, also UK: annualised adj (adjusted pro-rata for a year)按年重估的；年度化的anodize [sth], also UK: anodise [sth] vtr (metal: coat with oxide)对…作阳极氧化处理anodized, also UK: anodised adj (metal: coated with oxide)经过阳极氧化处理的anodizing, UK: anodising n (process to strengthen metal)阳极氧化The anodizing of aluminum takes place in an acid bath.anonymize [sth], also UK: anonymise [sth] vtr (remove identifying details)对…进行匿名化处理answering machine, telephone answering machine, also UK: answerphone n (device: takes phone calls)答录机；电话答录机The message that he left on my answering machine was very peculiar.antagonize [sb], also UK: antagonise [sb] vtr (make hostile)招…的怨；引致…的敌对；招来…的反感Ryan's actions antagonized many of his friends.anthologize [sth], also UK: anthologise [sth] vtr (collect in an anthology)编撰…的选集anthropomorphize [sth], also UK: anthropomorphise [sth] vtr (animal, etc.: see as human)把…拟人化anti-aging (US), anti-ageing (UK) adj (reduces signs of age)抗衰老的，抗老化的The best anti-aging treatment is a good night's sleep.antiballistic (US), anti-ballistic (UK) adj (counters missiles)反弹道的antiestablishment, also UK: anti-establishment adj (opposed to existing power)反体制的，反正统的antihero, also UK: anti-hero n (unconventional protagonist)非英雄角色；反英雄Meursault is the antihero of the novel "The Stranger" by Camus.antitumor, anti-tumor (US), antitumour, anti-tumour (UK) adj (fighting tumors)抗肿瘤的aplastic anemia (US), aplastic anaemia (UK) n (blood disease)再生障碍性贫血；再生不良性贫血apnea (US), apnoea (UK) n (medicine: temporarily not breathing) (医学)呼吸暂停The baby, who was born prematurely, suffered from apnea.apologize, also UK: apologise vi (say sorry)道歉；赔不是If you hurt someone's feelings, you should apologize.如果伤害了别人的感情，你就应该道歉。usage: ‘apologize’If you apologize to someone, you say you are sorry. Afterwards George apologized to him personally.Be carefulApologize must be followed by to in sentences like these. Don't say, for example, ‘George apologized him’.If you apologize for something you have done, or apologize for something someone else has done, you say you are sorry about it. Later, Brad apologized to Simon for his rudeness.apologize to [sb], also UK: apologise to [sb] vi + prep (say sorry to [sb]) (人)向…道歉；向…说对不起I apologized to Brenda for the incident and she forgave me.我就那场意外向布兰达道歉，然后她原谅了我。apologize for [sth], also UK: apologise for [sth] vi + prep (say sorry for [sth])因为…道歉；为了…说对不起Mark apologized for the delay in replying to my email.马克因为推迟回复我的邮件而道歉。apologise to [sb] for [sth], also UK: apologise to [sb] for [sth] v expr (say sorry to [sb] for [sth])为了某事向某人道歉You ought to apologize to Stephen for the way you treated him yesterday.你应该为自己昨天对待史蒂夫的方式向他道歉。apologise to [sb] for doing [sth], also UK: apologise to [sb] for doing [sth] v expr (say sorry to [sb] for doing [sth])因为做…向…道歉Jane apologized to me for calling me a liar.简因为叫我谎话精而向我道歉。apostatize, also UK: apostatise vi (renounce one's faith) (本义)摒弃信仰，叛教apostatize, also UK: apostatise vi figurative (abandon a cause) (比喻)背弃理想，变节apostrophize, also UK: apostrophise vi formal (utter an apostrophe) (修辞手法)使用撇号，使用顿呼备注: 在行文或演讲中突然呼唤本来不在面前的人或物apostrophize [sb/sth], also UK: apostrophise [sb/sth] vtr formal (address by apostrophe)向…诵诗；向...述说appall [sb] (US), appal [sb] (UK) vtr often passive (shock, horrify)使…惊骇；使…震惊Your recent bad behavior appalls me.你最近的糟糕表现让我感到震惊。appellate court (US), appeal court (UK) n (law: court of appeal)上诉法庭The appellate court refused to overturn Marion's murder conviction.appendectomy (US), appendicectomy (UK) n (surgery to remove appendix) (美国拼法)切除阑尾手术，阑尾切除术appetizer, also UK: appetiser n often plural (small portion before meal)开胃菜Would you like to order an appetizer before the main course?您要不要在主菜之前点一道开胃菜？appetizer, also UK: appetiser n figurative (taster of [sth]) (比喻)开胃菜，吊起胃口的东西The opening band was just an appetiser to get the crowd excited for the headliner.开场乐队只是暖场而已，是为了让人群对重头戏激动起来。appetizing, also UK: appetising adj (tasty-looking, appealing)开胃的；美味的；可口的The dessert looks appetizing but I am just too full to eat it.apple crisp (US), apple crumble (UK) n (baked apple dessert)苹果酥I prefer apple crisp to apple pie because I really don't care for pastry crusts.applesauce (US), apple sauce (UK) n (sweetened stewed apples)苹果酱Roast pork is traditionally served with applesauce.烤猪肉的传统吃法是要加苹果酱。apprize [sth], also UK: apprise [sth] vtr archaic (estimate value of)给…估价aqueous humor (US), aqueous humour (UK) n (fluid in eye) (覆盖眼球的液体)眼房水Aqueous humour is the fluid which helps the lens of the eye maintain its shape.arbor (US), arbour (UK) n (structure that supports plants) (由蔓藤等构成)棚架，藤架There were lime trees growing over the arbor.ardor (US), ardour (UK) n (intensity) (美式拼法)激情，热情，热切，狂热，热忱Frank is a passionate speaker on this topic; I admire his ardor.area (UK), areaway (US) n (space around outside of basement)地下室前的空地，采光井The Georgian house has wrought-iron railings around the area.armor (US), armour (UK) n (hard combat gear)铠甲；盔甲In the Middle Ages, knights wore armor when they competed in jousting tournaments.armor (US), armour (UK) n (reinforcement on military vehicle) (军用车辆的)护甲，装甲，铁甲A local factory manufactures armor for military vehicles.armor (US), armour (UK) n (plant, insect: carapace) (植物或昆虫的)甲壳Some species of plants have protective hairs on the leaves and stems that act as armor.armor [sth] (US), armour [sth] (UK) vtr (cover with armor)用...装甲armor [sb] (US), armour [sb] (UK) vtr (equip with armor)为...穿上盔甲armor plate (US), armour plate (UK) n (metal protection)防护钢板；装甲钢板armor-clad (US), armour-clad (UK) adj (wearing metal suit)装甲包裹的；装甲的armor-piercing (US), armour-piercing (UK) adj (can penetrate through armor)穿甲的，破甲的armored (US), armoured (UK) adj (protected by armour) (美式拼法)装甲的；使用装甲车辆等的The military sent in tanks and armored troops.armored car (US), armoured car (UK) n (reinforced vehicle)装甲车；装甲汽车Brinks company sends its agents in armored cars to collect money from the banks.armorer (US), armourer (UK) n (person who makes weapons) (美式拼写)兵器制造者armorer (US), armourer (UK) n (military official: issues arms)军械士Returning soldiers give their assigned weapons back to the unit armorer.armorer (US), armourer (UK) n (supplier of weapons)枪械供应者She was detained because she was thought to be the armourer for the gang.armory (US), armoury (UK) n (arsenal, weapons store)军械库，军火库；兵工厂When a cache of explosives caught fire, the entire armory was engulfed in flames.armory (US), armoury (UK) n figurative (resources)库存；资料库Lena has a range of teaching methods in her armoury so that she can adapt her approach to each of her students.aromatize [sth], also UK: aromatise [sth] vtr (give a pleasant smell)使…变芳香aromatize [sth], also UK: aromatise [sth] vtr (chemistry: turn into aromatic compound) (化学)使芳构化around, also UK: about prep (encircling)环绕；围绕Put the belt around your waist and then fasten it.把安全带环绕在腰上，然后系紧。around, also UK: about prep (all over, from place to place)在…各处；在…各地She travels around the country for her job.她在全国各地到处出差。usage: talking about movement: ‘around’, ‘round’, and ‘about’ as prepositions or adverbsWhen you are talking about movement in many different directions, you can use around, round, or about. You can use these words as adverbs.It's so romantic up there, flying around in a small plane.We wandered round for hours.Police walk about patrolling the city.You can also use these words as prepositions.I've been walking around Moscow.I spent a couple of hours driving round Richmond.He looked about the room but couldn't see her. Speakers of American English usually use around, rather than ‘round’ or ‘about’, in this sense. around, also UK: about prep (scattered through)到处；遍及Books were spread all around the room.书扔得满屋子都是。around, also UK: about prep (time: approximately) (时间)在…左右，在…前后I'll see you around three o'clock.我们三点左右见。around, also UK: about adv (in a ring, circle)转着圈The dog ran around and around trying to catch its tail.这条狗转着圈跑来跑去，想抓住自己的尾巴。around, also UK: about adv (in all directions)四方；四处The guard entered the square and glanced around to see if any enemies were near.守卫走上广场，四处查看，了解附近是否有敌人。around, also UK: about adv (size, amount: approximately)大约It's around three inches tall and an inch wide.它大约三英寸高，一英寸宽。around, also UK: about prep (quantity: approximately) (数量)大约，近似It takes around 60 gallons of water to grow one avocado.种植一株鳄梨需要大约60加仑的水。around, also UK: about adv (on every side)在四周；在周围It's a beautiful house with trees all around.这栋房子很漂亮，四周都是树。around, also UK: about adv (in circumference)以周长计算；周长The vase is ten centimetres around.这个花瓶周长为十厘米。around, also UK: about adv (surrounding a place)在周围；围绕着There are lots of shops around.这周围有很多商店。around, also UK: about adv used in compounds (in circulation)到处；四处；在各处There are rumours going around.around, also UK: round adv (over: to a certain place)到某个地方She came around to my house.I drove round to the office to pick up some files.她到我的家来了。// 我开车去办公司拿些文件。around, also UK: about adj informal (in existence)存在Plastic chairs have been around for thirty years.around, also UK: about adj informal (present, nearby)在附近的；在左右的Is she around? I want to ask her something.artifact (US), artefact (UK) n (man-made object)人工制品；人工产品Bronze artefacts including pots and swords were unearthed at the site.从遗址出土了包括壶器和剑的青铜人工制品。artifact (US), artefact (UK) n (ancient object)文化遗物；古物；古迹The museum houses the world's largest collection of Mayan artifacts.该博物馆藏有世界上最丰富的玛雅文化遗物藏品。artifact (US), artefact (UK) n (science: spurious result)人为结果；人为现象artificial flavor (US), artificial flavour (UK) n (synthetic taste)人造香料；人造香味剂Many brands of "fruit" juice use artificial flavors.artificial flavorings (US), artificial flavourings (UK) npl (synthetic taste ingredients)人工香精The drink is made exclusively from whole fruit and contains no artificial flavourings.artist studio (US), artist's studio (UK), art studio n (workshop of an artist)艺术家工作室One half of the barn has been converted into an artist's studio.That potter whose work you loved finally opened his art studio to the public.artistic license, creative license (US), artistic licence, creative licence (UK) n (creative freedom)艺术许可；艺术执照arts center (US), arts centre (UK) n (venue: visual, performing arts)艺术中心；艺展中心artsy (US), arty (UK) adj informal (person: artistic, creative)艺术性的；有艺术气息的My girlfriend is very artsy and is always working on a painting or drawing.artsy (US), arty (UK) adj pejorative, informal (pretentiously arts-loving)附庸风雅的The movie was good, but a little too artsy for my taste.artsy-craftsy (US), arty-crafty (UK) adj (good at arts and crafts)对装饰品制作感兴趣的artsy-craftsy (US), arty-crafty (UK) adj pejorative, informal (pretentiously fond of crafts)附庸风雅的artsy-fartsy (US), arty-farty (UK) adj pejorative, informal (pretentiously arts-loving)附庸风雅的ash gray (US), ash grey (UK) n (color)烟灰色ask a favor (US), ask a favour (UK) v expr (request that [sb] do [sth])请求帮助May I ask a favor? Could you please water my garden while I'm out of town?ask [sb] a favor (US), ask [sb] a favour (UK) v expr (request that [sb] do [sth])请求某人帮助ask a favor of [sb] (US), ask a favour of [sb] (UK) v expr (request that [sb] do [sth])向某人请求帮助Could I ask a favor of you?ass (US), arse (UK) n vulgar, slang (person's bottom, buttocks)臀部, 屁股After falling down, he had mud on his ass.他摔了一跤，臀部沾上了泥。ass (US), arse (UK) n pejorative, vulgar, figurative, slang (person: rude)粗人，傻瓜，蠢人Lisa thinks that her boss is an ass.莉萨认为她的上司是个粗人。ass (US), arse (UK) n vulgar, slang (asshole: rectum)屁眼；肛门ass-end (US), arse-end (UK) n vulgar, informal (furthest part of a place)最远端；最远处ass-end (US), arse-end (UK) n vulgar, informal (most unpleasant part of [sth])最令人讨厌的部分；最让人烦的点ass-kisser (US), ass-licker (US), arse-kisser (UK), arse-licker (UK) n figurative, vulgar, slang (person: sycophantic)无耻的拍马屁者, 阿谀奉承的人He was only promoted because he's such an ass-kisser.他是因为很会拍马屁才得到升职的。ass-kissing, ass-licking (US), arse-kissing, arse-licking (UK) n figurative, vulgar, slang (being obsequious, seeking favor)拍马屁, 溜须拍马ass-kissing, ass-licking (US), arse-kissing, arse-licking (UK) adj figurative, vulgar, slang (obsequious)拍马屁的，奉承的a**hole (US), arsehole (UK) n vulgar, slang (anus)肛门，屁眼Every time I get diarrhea, my a**hole burns.我每次拉肚子时，肛门都很疼。a**hole (US), arsehole (UK) n vulgar, figurative, pejorative, slang (uncaring, insensitive person)混蛋，讨厌鬼Erin's former boyfriend is an a**hole.艾琳的前男友是个混蛋。assistant principal (US), deputy head teacher, deputy head (UK) n (deputy to head teacher)副校长备注: Capitalized when used as a title.assorted colors (US), assorted colours (UK) npl (varied colour selection)各种不同颜色The crayons came in assorted colors.asswipe (US), ass-wipe (US), arse wipe (UK), arse wipe (UK) n vulgar, slang (unpleasant person)混帐东西；混蛋be at loose ends (US), be at a loose end (UK) v expr (feel unsettled or restless)焦躁不安at the center of [sth] (US), at the centre of [sth] (UK) prep figurative (focus of controversy, etc.)在...的中心；处于...的核心at the weekends (UK), on the weekends (mainly US) adv (on Saturday or Sunday in given period)在周末；到周末When I lived in France, I worked in Rouen during the week and stayed with friends in Paris at the weekends.athletic (US), athletics (UK) adj (relating to sports)运动用的；运动的I keep my athletics kit in my car.我把运动装放在我的车里。athletic equipment (US), athletics equipment (UK) n (sports apparatus)运动器材；体育用具athletic field (US), athletics field (UK) n (sports ground with track)运动场；田径场The athletic field had been damaged by the rain.atomize [sth], also UK: atomise [sth] vtr (turn into tiny particles)使分裂成微粒；使粉碎；使原子化The nozzle atomizes the perfume when you spray it.atomize, also UK: atomise vi (be separated into tiny particles)粉碎；碎成微粒The perfume atomizes when sprayed.atomize [sth], also UK: atomise [sth] vtr (destroy with nuclear bomb)将...轰成原子；用核弹轰炸；对...进行核轰炸atomize [sth], also UK: atomise [sth] vtr figurative (divide)划分；细分atomizer, also UK: atomiser n (spray inhaler for asthma)哮喘喷剂Jon carries around an atomizer for his asthma.atomizer, also UK: atomiser n (spray dispenser)喷雾器；雾化器Lily squirted perfume from an atomizer onto her neck.attitudinize, also UK: attudinise vi (pose, posture)装腔作势；装模作样authorized representative, also UK: authorised representative n UK (proxy)授权代表The application must be signed by you or your authorized representative.authorized representative, also UK: authorised representative n UK (seller)销售代表authorization, also UK: authorisation n (right, permission)授权The general public does not have authorization to enter the mansion.authorize [sth], also UK: authorise [sth] vtr (permit officially)正式批准；官方准许The mayor has authorized plans for a new city park.authorize [sb] to do [sth], also UK: authorise [sb] to do [sth] v expr (permit officially to do)授权…做…Marla authorized her assistant to file the papers with the city.authorize [sb] for [sth], also UK: authorise [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (permit access)授予...进入...的权限Jack's boss authorized him for entry to the secured area.authorized, also UK: authorised adj (having official power)得到授权的I spoke to the insurance company as my mother's authorized representative.authorized, also UK: authorised adj (officially sanctioned)核准的，被批准的I bought my new camera from an authorized dealer.authorized capital, also UK: authorised capital n (finance)额定股本authorized dealer, also UK: authorised dealer n (person with legal right to sell [sth])授权经销商authorized version, also UK: authorised version n (text: officially sanctioned edition) (文字等)授权版本，官方版本The copy that you are reading is not an authorized version of the book.你读的这个副本不是那本书的官方版本。automation, automization, also UK: automisation n (process: mechanization)自动化The factory's automation of producing electronics has reduced the need for employees.automatization, also UK: automatisation n (process of making [sth] automatic)自动化automatize [sth], also UK: automatise [sth] vtr (make automatic)使自动化baby brain, also US: mommy brain, also UK: mummy brain n humorous, informal (pregnancy or new mother forgetfulness) (诙谐语)孕傻baby carriage (US), pram (UK) n (wheeled carrier for baby)婴儿车Old-fashioned baby carriages are beautiful, but they're not very practical.bachelor party (US), stag night, stag party, stag do (UK), buck's party (AU) n (party for a husband-to-be)男子婚前告别单身聚会Bachelor parties tend to be wild and crazy.We're going to a nightclub for Simon's stag do.bachelorette party (US), hen night, hen party, hen do (UK) n (party for a wife-to-be)女子婚前告别单身聚会back yard, backyard (US), back garden (UK) n (rear garden)后院They sit in the backyard and read all summer.整个夏季他们都坐在后院读书。backpedaling (US), backpedalling (UK) n (on bicycle: act of pedaling backwards)倒踏脚踏板backpedaling (US), backpedalling (UK) n figurative (going against [sth] previously said)倒退；变卦backtalk, also UK: backchat n mainly US, informal (insolent retort)顶嘴；回嘴backup light, back-up light (US), reversing light (UK) n usually plural (light when vehicle moves backward)倒车灯backward, also UK: backwards adv mainly US (towards the rear)向后；往后A warning sound beeps when you start to go backward.倒车的时候，你会听到滴滴的警报声。usage: ‘-wards’ in adverbs-wards is a suffix that forms adverbs showing direction. For example, if you move or look backwards, you move or look in the direction your back is facing. If you move or look northwards, you move or look towards the north.Ryan walked forwards a couple of steps.I looked out the window and could see eastwards as far as the distant horizon.She stretched upwards to the cupboard above the sink.Here are some common adverbs ending in -wards:backwardsdownwardseastwardsforwardshomewardsinwardsnorthwardsonwardsoutwardssouthwardsupwardswestwards However, you can be creative and add -wards to other nouns in order to show direction. For example, if you look skywards, you look in the direction of the sky. If you move seawards, you move in the direction of the sea. backward, also UK: backwards adv mainly US (in reverse order)倒退地；反向地Some people like to walk backward for exercise.有的人喜欢反向走路，达到锻炼的目的。backward, also UK: backwards adv mainly US (towards earlier time)回溯地；以前地This country seems to be going backward in its attitudes to human rights.backward, also UK: backwards adv mainly US, figurative (towards previous state)回到原状；恢复之前的状态；重蹈覆辙Drake thought he was making progress, but suddenly he felt he was moving backward.bad behavior (US), bad behaviour (UK) n (child: naughtiness) (指孩子的)不良行为，顽劣行为，坏行为As a punishment for bad behaviour, the child was sent to his room.bad behavior (US), bad behaviour (UK) n (prisoner: criminal acts) (指成人的)不良行为，不端行为Tom had his prison sentence extended for bad behavior.bad check (US), bad cheque (UK) n (cheque: insufficient funds)不能兑现的支票We have had too many clients write bad checks, so now we only accept cash.bad humor (US), bad humour (UK) n (grumpy mood)情绪不好；心情不好badge of honor (US), badge of honour (UK) n (award, medal)荣誉勋章，荣誉奖章badge of honor (US), badge of honour (UK) n figurative (symbol of pride)荣誉的象征baggage car (US), baggage van (UK) n (coach of train for luggage, etc.)行李车厢bakery, also UK: baker's, baker's shop, also US: bakeshop n (store that sells bread, cakes)面包店；糕点店The bakery on Main Street sells delicious rye bread.大街上的面包店出售美味的黑麦面包baking pan (US), baking tin (UK) n (for bread, cake)烘盘；烘烤盘The new trend in baking is to use a silicone baking pan.baking sheet, also US: cookie sheet, also UK: baking tray n (flat tray for baking)烤盘Non-stick baking sheets are much easier to clean. Place the fish on a baking tray and put it in the oven.不沾烤盘更容易清洗。将鱼放在烤盘上，然后放进烤炉。baking sugar (US), caster sugar, castor sugar (UK) n (fine powdered sugar)糖粉I always give my mince pies a sprinkling of caster sugar on top.bald tire (US), bald tyre (UK) n (vehicle's wheel cover: very worn)光面轮胎；已磨光的车胎You have one bald tire but the other three still have some rubber left on them.balk, also UK: baulk vi (refuse to go on or do [sth])断然拒绝My mother balked when I suggested that she stop driving because of her poor eyesight.balk at [sth], also UK: baulk at [sth] vi + prep (reject, recoil from)拒绝；犹豫The board of directors will certainly balk at this risky proposal.balk at [sth], also UK: baulk at [sth] vi + prep (refuse to go on or do)拒绝...Joanne balked at the thought of sharing a hotel room with Nancy again.balk at doing [sth], also UK: baulk at doing [sth] v expr (refuse to go on or do)拒绝做...The passenger balked at having to change seats because of the train company's error with her booking.balk [sth], also UK: baulk [sth] vtr (hinder)阻止His enemies tried everything they could to balk his scheme.他的敌人尽一切努力阻止他的计划。Balkanization, also UK: Balkanisation n pejorative (regional division)分裂成敌对小国，巴尔干化；分裂成敌对地区Balkanize, also UK: Balkanise vtr pejorative (divide regionally)分裂成若干小国；使割据bank account, also UK: banking account n (money kept in a bank)银行账户；银行存款A debit card takes money directly from your bank account.借记卡会直接从你的银行账户取钱。bank teller, also UK: bank clerk, bank cashier n mainly US (cashier at a bank)银行出纳员The robber entered the bank and demanded money from the bank teller.baptize [sb], also UK: baptise [sb] vtr often passive (admit into church)为…受洗入教The priest baptized the child into the Catholic Church.baptize [sb] [sth], also UK: baptise [sb] [sth] vtr often passive (christen, name)给…授以教名The priest baptised the little girl Eleanor.牧师为这个小女孩取名为埃莉诺。baptized, also UK: baptised adj (christened)受洗入教的；受洗的barbarize [sth], also UK: barbarise [sth] vtr (make [sth] less civilized) (事物)使变粗俗barbarize [sb], also UK: barbarise [sb] vtr (make [sb] savage) (人)使变野蛮barber chair (US), barber's chair (UK) n (seat at male hairdresser's) (美容美发店用的)可调座椅；美容椅In order to get my hair cut, the man asked me to sit on the barber's chair.为了帮我理发，那个男人让我坐上理发椅。barber shop, barbershop (US), barber's shop (UK) n (men's hairdressing salon) (男士用)理发店A spinning red, white, and blue pole denotes a barbershop.barbershop quartet (US), barber's shop quartet (UK) n (singing group: four men's voices)男声四重唱Martin sings bass in a barbershop quartet.barycenter (US), barycentre (UK) n (physics: center of mass) (物理)重心baseboard, UK: skirting board n (along base of wall)脚板；护壁板When you're vacuuming the room, don't forget the baseboards.bastardization, also UK: bastardisation n (degradation, debasement)恶化；变劣；退化bastardize [sth], also UK: bastardise [sth] vtr (corrupt, debase)使…变低劣；使…退化Some people think that texting jargon is bastardizing the English language.battleax (US), battleaxe, battle-axe (UK) n (hacking weapon)战斧battleax (US), battleaxe, battle-axe (UK) n figurative, pejorative, slang (nagging woman) (俚语，比喻，轻蔑语)（抱怨不休的）悍妇be headed for [sth] (US), be heading for [sth] (UK) v expr (be going towards [sth])前往，朝…出发The tour group is currently headed for Central Park, located in the center of Manhattan.be headed for [sth] (US), be heading for [sth] (UK) v expr figurative (have [sth] as likely consequence)很可能招致，很可能面临They are heading for disaster; the company has run out of cash and they have no assets to sell.be in labor (US), be in labour (UK) v expr (be in process of giving birth)在分娩中；临盆be of two minds (US), be in two minds (UK) expr (be undecided)犹豫不决；左右摇摆be on your best behavior (US), be on your best behaviour (UK) v expr (behave very well)举止得当be spoiled rotten, also UK: be spoilt rotten v expr informal, figurative (be given everything one wants)被宠坏，被娇惯My youngest sister was spoilt rotten as a child.beaded jewelry (US), beaded jewellery (UK) n (accessories made with beads)珠饰beat around the bush, also UK: beat about the bush v expr figurative (avoid getting to the point)旁敲侧击Stop beating around the bush and give me the real reason!beauty parlor, beauty shop (US), beauty parlour (UK) n (shop: cosmetic treatments)美容院；美容店I went to the beauty parlor to get a perm.beauty spot (UK), beauty mark (US) n (mole on the face)美人痣One of the the most famous beauty marks is the one that Marilyn Monroe had on her left cheek.最有名的美人痣之一便是梦露左脸上的那颗痣。beef bouillon, also UK: beef tea n (thin soup made by boiling beef)牛肉清汤Beef bouillon is the base for lots of soup recipes.beer pump, also UK: beer engine n (draws beer from keg)啤酒泵beet (US), beetroot (UK) n (root vegetable)甜菜The steak comes with a side of roasted beets. The beetroot in the market didn't look very fresh.这道牛排配有烤甜菜。市场上的甜菜根看起来并不新鲜。beet, beetroot (UK) n (plant) (农作物)甜菜备注: "Beet" is mainly used in the US, but is sometimes used in UK English in this sense.If you don't plant beets at the right time, your crop will fail.甜菜种植时机不对，就不会有收获。beet (US), beetroot (UK) n as adj (containing beetroot)甜菜的；甜菜做的I added a swirl of cream to the beetroot soup.我在甜菜根汤加了一圈奶油。beet red (US), beetroot red (UK) n (food colouring)甜菜红备注: A hyphen is used when term is an adjective that precedes the nounbeet-red, beet red (US), beetroot red, beetroot-red (UK) adj (reddish purple in colour)紫红色的beet-red, beet red (US), beetroot red, beetroot-red (UK) adj (person: flushed)面红耳赤的He turned beet red with embarrassment.behavior (US), behaviour (UK) n (person: conduct) (指人的)行为； (指人的)举止，表现His behaviour seems to be worse when visitors come.有客人到访时，他的行为举止似乎更糟糕。behavior (US), behaviour (UK) n (animal: habits) (指动物的)习性； (指动物的)习惯The dog's behavior is a combination of instinct and conditioning.这条狗的习惯是本能和后天培养共同作用的结果。behavior (US), behaviour (UK) n (system or machine: functioning) (指机械或系统的)运转情形，运行情形The car is old and its behaviour is unpredictable.这辆车太老旧了，功能运转情况无法预测。behavior management (US), behaviour management (UK) n (discipline)行为管理"Time out" is a technique used in behavior management.behavior modification (US), behaviour modification (UK) n (changing habits through therapy)行为矫正Behaviour modification consists of learning new habits.behavior pattern (US), behaviour pattern (UK) (way of acting)行为模式；行为类型behavior therapy (US), behaviour therapy (UK) n (psychology: treatment)行为疗法behavioral (US), behavioural (UK) adj (of behavior)行为的；与行为相关的Peter began to develop behavioral problems at age 7.behavioral science (US), behavioural science (UK) n (observing habits)行为科学Monica is studying for an MSc in behavioural science.behaviorism (US), behaviourism (UK) n (psychology) (美式拼写)行为主义behaviorist (US), behaviourist (UK) n (proponent of behaviourism) (美式拼写)行为主义者behaviorist (US), behaviourist (UK) adj (relating to psychology field)行为主义的, 行为论的behoove [sb] to do [sth] (US), behove [sb] to do [sth] (UK) v expr (be right or necessary)对…有必要做；理应做…It behooves me to acknowledge the debt I owe to my precedessor in this role.bejeweled, jeweled, UK: bejewelled, jewelled adj literary (decorated with jewels)用珠宝装饰的belabor [sth] (US), belabour [sth] (UK) vtr (overwork, overstate [sth])过多地讨论；反复讨论belabor [sb] (US), belabour [sb] (UK) vtr (attack [sb])攻击；痛打；辱骂bell pepper, also UK: sweet pepper n (vegetable: mild pepper)青椒；柿子椒Bell peppers are often used in a salad.柿子椒经常用来做沙拉。bell pepper, also UK: sweet pepper n (plant: bears peppers) (植物)青椒，柿子椒I planted tomatoes, hot peppers, and bell peppers in my garden last year.去年，我在花园里种了番茄、辣椒以及柿子椒。bend over backward (US), bend over backwards (UK) v expr figurative (make every effort)竭尽全力；尽力The coach told the players that they would have to bend over backwards if they wanted to win the game.bend over backward for [sb] (US), bend over backwards for [sb] (UK) v expr figurative (make every effort)为...竭尽全力Nicole bent over backwards for her brother when he needed help.bend over backward to do [sth] (US), bend over backwards to do [sth] (UK) v expr figurative (make every effort)尽力做某事Linda bent over backwards to please her boss.benign tumor (US), benign tumour (UK) n (non-cancerous growth)良性肿瘤The doctors discovered a benign tumor and removed it without ill effects.better you than me (US), rather you than me (UK) expr (I would not like to be in your position)幸亏是你而不是我；还好是你不是我beveled (US), bevelled (UK) adj (cut at a slant)斜面的；倾斜的The edges of this ruler are beveled.beveled edge (US), bevelled edge (UK) n (border cut at a slant)斜面；斜边My desk has a bevelled edge.bias in favor of [sth/sb] (US), bias in favour of [sth/sb] (UK) n (inclination: in favor)偏袒The electoral system suffers from bias in favour of one particular party.选举存在偏见，偏向了其中一党。bias [sb] in favor of [sb/sth] (US), bias [sb] in favour of [sb/sth] (UK) v expr (prejudice, influence in favor)某人因偏见而认同；某人因偏见而支持Steph's upbringing has biased her in favour of left-wing causes.由于成长过程中接受的教育，史蒂夫更加偏好左翼理念。bicarbonate of soda (UK), baking soda (US) n (powder used in baking)小苏打Bicarbonate of soda is the raising agent used in soda bread.the Big Dipper (US), the Plough (UK) n (part of constellation Ursa Major)北斗七星A line drawn through two stars in the Big Dipper points to the North Star.北斗七星中两颗星延伸出的直线指向北极星。bighearted (US), big-hearted (UK) adj (kind, generous)慷慨的；心胸宽阔的The theatre ran on donations from big-hearted patrons.bigmouthed (US), big-mouthed (UK) adj figurative (likes to gossip)多嘴的，多嘴多舌的，喜欢说长道短的； (口语)喜欢嚼舌头的bigmouthed (US), big-mouthed (UK) adj figurative (speaks tactlessly)说话不得体的billy, also UK: billycan n (tin cooking pot used over campfire)（野营烹饪用的）铁罐The cowboy was cooking beans in a billy over the fire.那位牛仔在用火煮铁罐中的豆。binder clip (US), bulldog clip (UK) n (fastening device)装订夹，大铁夹birdhouse, bird box (US), nest box, nesting box (UK) n (to feed, shelter birds)鸟舍bituminize [sth], also UK: bituminise [sth] vtr (convert into, treat with bitumin)把…加沥青处理，把…用沥青处理black humor (US), black humour (UK) n uncountable (morbid comedy)黑色幽默black humor (US), black humour (UK) n (bad mood)心情差；心情糟糕blank check (US), blank cheque (UK) n (cheque: no amount) (没有填写金额的)空白支票blank check (US), blank cheque (UK) n figurative (offer: any amount) (比喻)空白支票My uncle is effectively giving us a blank cheque for any amount we might need.我叔叔相当于给我们开了一张空白支票，我们需要多少就填多少。blank check (US), blank cheque (UK) n figurative (freedom to do what you wish)全权处理权；全权处置权blaze of color (US), blaze of colour (UK) n ([sth] intensely colorful)鲜艳的色彩blindfolded (US), blindfold (UK) adv (with one's eyes covered)蒙着眼睛的The game's a lot more fun if you play it blindfold.如果你蒙着眼睛玩，游戏会更有趣。blond-haired, also UK: blonde-haired adj mainly US (person: with fair hair)金发的Andy is a blond-haired man.blooper, also UK: bloomer n informal (funny mistake on film)电影中演员出错的可笑场景；电影电视最后播放的花絮The funniest part of the film was at the end, when they showed the bloopers.blowout, also UK: blow-out n slang (gorging, binge) (俚语)盛宴，美餐My friends and I had a blowout on pizza and ice-cream.blowout, also UK: blow-out n informal (punctured tire) (非正式用语)爆胎I was driving along the road when I had a blowout; I must have run over something.blowup (US), blow-up (UK) n informal (enlarged image)放大的照片The gallery is displaying several blowups of famous images.那家画廊正在展出几幅放大的名画。blowup (US), blow-up (UK) n informal (angry outburst)大发雷霆；发脾气Yesterday there was a huge blowup between the strikers and the administration.昨天，罢工者与管理层之间发生了激烈的争吵。blue movie, also UK: blue film n figurative, informal (pornographic film)黄色电影；色情电影This TV station shows blue movies late at night.这个电视台昨天深夜播放了色情电影。boarding house, also US: boardinghouse, also UK: boarding-house n (guesthouse: offers lodging)寄宿房；供食宿的宿舍Some friends and I are staying in a boarding house this summer.boarding house, also US: boardinghouse, also UK: boarding-house n (school accommodation)学生公寓；寄宿公寓bobsled (US), bobsleigh (UK) n (racing sled)长雪橇bobsled (US), bobsleigh (UK) vi (ride a racing sled)坐长雪橇body armor (US), body armour (UK) n (hard-plated combat gear)盔甲The riot police were outfitted in body armor for protection against the unruly crowd.body armor (US), body armour (UK) n (non-plated protective garments)防弹衣；防护服Police cadets wear protective vests as body armor.body odor (US), body odour (UK) n (bad personal smell)体味；体臭Children will typically start to produce body odor once they have started puberty.；bogey, bogie (UK), booger (US) n informal, often plural (dried nasal mucus)干鼻屎"Don't wipe your bogeys on your sleeve," said Leo's mother.bok choy (US), pak choi (UK) n (leafy Chinese vegetable)小白菜Bok choy is a type of Chinese cabbage.bone lazy (US), bone idle (UK) adj informal (does nothing)懒透顶的；懒到骨子里的Jake does nothing around the house -- he's bone idle!bookstore (US), bookshop (UK) n (shop selling books)书店A video store opened where the bookstore used to be.bounced check (US), bounced cheque (UK) n (cheque with insufficient funds)空头支票bowdlerization, also UK: bowdlerisation n (expurgation)删除；删去；删改bowdlerize [sth], also UK: bowdlerise [sth] vtr (expurgate, censor [sth])删改；删节bowlegged (US), bow-legged (UK) adj (bandy, with legs bending outwards)腿向外弯的；O型腿的Look at the way that woman walks; she's bowlegged. Children are naturally bow-legged until the age of three.看那个女人的走路方式，她是个O型腿。三岁前，小孩自然而然腿会向外翻。bowlegged (US), bow-legged (UK) adv (with legs bending outwards)罗圈腿地The cowboys in old movies always walk bowlegged.bowwow (US), bow-wow (UK) n infantile (dog, doggy)狗bowwow (US), bow-wow (UK) n (dog's bark)狗吠；狗叫声box-spring (US), divan (UK) n (type of bed frame)弹簧床座boytoy (US), toyboy (UK) n informal (male lover younger than partner) (非正式用语)小白脸备注: The older partner may be of either gender.bracket (US), square bracket (UK) n usually plural (punctuation: square parenthesis) (标点)方括号In academic essays, in-text citations are often in brackets.在学术论文中，文内引用通常放在方括号内。braid (US), plait (UK) n (woven hairstyle)辫子；发辫Melissa wears her hair in a thick braid.梅丽莎把头发梳成浓密的辫子。braids (US), plaits (UK) npl (hairstyle: interwoven strands)编发；辫子Laura wore her hair in braids when she was a little girl. A Hollywood star made braids popular for young women again.劳拉小时候梳着辫子。一位好莱坞明星让辫子再次成为年轻女性的流行发型。braid [sth] (US), plait (UK) vtr (hair: put into plaits) (头发、鞭子等)编Maisy braids her hair before she jogs to keep it out of her face.跑步之前，梅西把自己的头发编成辫子，免得头发搭到脸上。braid, also UK: plait vtr (weave: a cord, rope)编结； (绳子等)系The sailors braided the rope together.水手将绳子系在一起。braided, also UK: plaited adj (hair: woven in strips) (指将头发)辫成麻花状的，辫成辫子的I love your new braided hair!我喜欢你扎辫子的新发型！brain hemorrhage (US), brain haemorrhage (UK) n (stroke, bleeding in the brain)脑出血brain tumor (US), brain tumour (UK) n (abnormal growth in the brain)颅脑肿瘤；脑肿瘤brake caliper (US), brake calliper (UK) n (part of disc brake) (盘式制动器的一部分)制动钳brant (US), brent goose (UK) n (small goose)黑雁bread box (US), bread bin (UK) n (storage container for bread)面包盒Bread boxes are not really used anymore. I haven't seen one in years.break the mold (US), break the mould (UK) v expr figurative (do [sth] in an unconventional way)打破陈规break-in (US), run-in (UK) n (engine: running in) (新引擎)通过使用使其慢慢合用；磨合Break-in of the engine is essential to ensure its correct functioning.breathalyze [sb], also UK: breathalyse [sb] vtr (administer breath-alcohol test)做呼气测醉检测Breathalyzer, breathalyzer, breathalyser (UK) n ® (alcohol in breath) (商标名)酒精含量测定器备注: As a registered trademark, “Breathalyzer” should be capitalized, but it is often not capitalized in informal communication.The Breathalyzer showed that he had drunk twice the legal limit of alcohol.bridal store, also UK: bridal shop n (shop selling wedding clothes)婚纱店Bridal shops are reporting the usual spring increase in business.bridge loan (US), bridging loan (UK) n (finance: short loan)过渡性贷款；过桥贷款bright colors (US), bright colours (UK) npl (vivid hues)鲜艳的颜色I like to dress in bright colors.bro, also UK: bruv n informal, abbreviation (brother) (非正式用语，brother的缩写形式)兄弟I'm going to visit my baby bro at college this weekend.bro, also UK: bruv interj figurative, slang (term of address for male friend) (俚语)兄弟；伙计；老兄；哥们What are you doing tonight, bro? Do you want to hit the bars?bro, also UK: bruv interj figurative, slang (term of address for a male)兄弟；哥们broadminded (US), broad-minded (UK) adj (tolerant, liberal)心胸开阔的；宽容的I am broadminded about food and don't mind trying unfamiliar dishes.Although generally conservative in outlook, she was very broad-minded on women's issues.brokenhearted, also UK: broken-hearted adj (sorrowful, grieving)心碎的；伤心的；伤心的I was brokenhearted when my girlfriend ran off and married someone else.brushup (US), brush-up (UK) n (refreshing or renewing)复习，重温I think my Italian is in need of a brush-up before we go to Florence.我觉得我们去佛罗伦萨之前，我需要温习一下意大利语。brushup (US), brush-up (UK) n as adj (relating to rehearsals)回顾的，复习的The cast gathered for a brushup rehearsal before the evening show.在晚上演出前，演员们聚在一起进行了一次彩排。brutalization, also UK: brutalisation n (process of desensitizing [sb]) (把人)变残忍，残忍化brutalization, also UK: brutalisation n colloquial (harsh, violent treatment)残忍；暴行brutalize [sb], also UK: brutalise [sb] vtr (make [sb] brutal)使…变残酷；使…变残忍brutalize [sb], also UK: brutalize [sb] vtr colloquial (treat [sb] violently, harshly)残酷对待；残忍地对待；对…残酷无情buggy (UK), baby buggy (UK), pushchair (UK) n (child's pushchair)儿童推车；童车；宝宝车Sarah and Ian took their newborn out for a stroll in a buggy.buhl (US), boulle (UK) n (inlaid furniture decoration) (家具)镶嵌装饰，镶嵌细工buhl (US), boulle (UK) n as adj (having inlaid decoration)镶嵌装饰的，镶嵌细工的bulletproof, also UK: bullet-proof adj (resistant to bullets)防弹的The President's car is fitted with bulletproof glass.bulletproof vest, also UK: bullet-proof vest n (protective jacket)防弹衣He is alive today because a bulletproof vest stopped the bullet that was meant to kill him.他今天还活着是因为防弹衣挡住了原本致命的那颗子弹。bureaucratization, also UK: bureaucratisation n (over-complicated administration)官僚化bureaucratize [sth], also UK: bureaucratise [sth] vtr (make [sth] bureaucratic)使官僚化buret (US), burette (UK) n (laboratory equipment: glass tube)滴定管burglarproof (US), burglar-proof (UK) adj (protected against theft)防盗的；防贼的burglarproof [sth] (US), burglar-proof [sth] (UK) vtr (protect against theft)给...做防盗处理；为...防偷；为...防贼get your fingers burned (US), get your fingers burnt (UK), burn your fingers v expr figurative (suffer off-putting consequences)自寻烦恼；引火烧身burned, UK: burnt adj (damaged by fire)烧毁的The massive fire left behind a whole block of burned houses.burned, UK: burnt adj (food: overcooked) (食物)烧焦的，烤糊的The beef was a bit burnt but we ate it anyway.burned alive, UK: burnt alive adj (killed by fire)被活活烧死的burned out, burned-out, also UK: burnt out, burnt-out adj (gutted by fire)烧坏的，烧毁的The burned-out warehouse had to be torn down and rebuilt from scratch.burned out, burned-out, also UK: burnt out, burnt-out adj figurative (person: overworked, exhausted) (比喻)精疲力尽的备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the noun.I'm totally burned out - I need a vacation badly, or at least a few days off.be burned to a crisp, also UK: be burnt to a crisp adj (be incinerated, blackened)烧焦；烧过头I forgot the toast and it was burned to a crisp.be burned to a crisp, also UK: be burnt to a crisp adj figurative, informal (be badly sunburned)晒伤After lying on the beach all day, her face was burnt to a crisp.be burned to death, also UK: be burnt to death v expr (be killed by fire)烧死Joan of Arc was burned to death.burned-down, also UK: burnt-down adj (destroyed by fire)烧毁的The burned-down hotel is being rebuilt.bus line (US), bus route (UK) n (itinerary of a city bus)公交车路线This bus line goes past the hospital and the railway station.The bus route was changed due to road construction.bus station (US), coach station (UK) n (coach terminal)公交车站；长途车站I arrrived at the bus station at 6 o'clock.business center (US), business centre (UK) n (town: commercial district)商业中心busing (US), bussing (UK) n uncountable (to non-local schools)校车接送学生busing (US), bussing (UK) n uncountable (transportation by bus)乘坐公共汽车butcher, UK: butcher's, butcher's shop n (meat shop, department)肉商；肉贩The butcher is open until 5:00, but the rest of the store closes at 8:00.肉商只营业到5点，但其他店铺开到8点。butt cheek (US), bum cheek (UK) n usually plural, slang (buttock)屁股by installments (US), by instalments (UK) adv (a bit at a time)分期地；分批地I'm paying for my saxophone by installments of $50 each month.bylaw, byelaw, also UK: by-law, bye-law n (organizational rule)企业章程；组织章程Self-nomination for the board is against the organization's bylaws.cake pan (US), cake tin (UK) n (tin for baking a cake)蛋糕烤盘；烤制蛋糕的模具Line the bottom of the cake pan with parchment paper.caliber (US), calibre (UK) n (size of a gun barrel)枪的口径, 内径A .22-caliber rifle is plenty big enough for hunting squirrels.caliber (US), calibre (UK) n figurative (degree or quality)质量，水准I have rarely seen a finer caliber of student in my career.calico (US), tortoiseshell-and-white (UK) n as adj (cat: with colored markings) (动物)有斑点的，有斑纹的，花的The cat gave birth to one calico kitten and two white.那只猫生了一只斑点小猫和两只白色小猫。caliper (US), calliper (UK) n usually plural (measuring instrument) (常作calipers)圆规，测径器； (常作calipers，测木材用)测径器，测径规Calipers are used to measure the width or thickness of a tube.caliper (US), calliper (UK) n usually plural (leg brace)（腿上用的）夹板或支架The leg is badly broken, and will require six weeks in a cast and then several more months in calipers.caliper (US), calliper (UK) n (part of brake mechanism)夹制器The mechanic replaced the calipers and readjusted the car's brakes.calisthenics (US), callisthenics (UK) npl (physical exercises)健美体操；柔体体操calisthenic (US), callisthenic (UK) adj (relating to calisthenics)健美体操的call center (US), call centre (UK) n (phone-in service) (美式拼写)呼叫中心If you need technical support you can contact the call center.call-in (US), phone-in (UK) adj (show, etc.: phone-in) (广播，电视节目等)邀请听众打电话进来的，听众热线的He hosts a call-in show on the local radio station.他在当地电台主持一个热线节目。call in sick, also UK: phone in sick, ring in sick v expr (notify employer you will be off sick)请病假calling card, UK: visiting card n dated (personal card left after visit)名片；到访笺Lady Sylvia was not at her house when Mary went to visit, so Mary left her calling card with the butler.campsite, campsite, camp site, camping site (UK) n (place for camping)营地；露营地We're going back to the same campsite we stayed at last year.我们还去去年的那个露营地。can opener (US), tin opener (UK) n (gadget for opening tin cans)开罐器How will I pour the condensed milk if I can't find a can opener? My mum has a special tin opener for people with arthritic hands.canalization, also UK: canalisation n (diversion into channels)渠化canalize [sth], also UK: canalise [sth] vtr (civil engineering: channel [sth]) (水利)在…开运河，在…修河道，在…开渠cancelable (US), cancellable (UK) adj (can be canceled)可取消的，可撤消的canceled (US), cancelled (UK) adj (event: called off)被取消的The cancelled meeting was scheduled for a later date.canceled (US), cancelled (UK) adj (ended, finished)撤销的；取消的The number of cancelled subscriptions to the magazine has increased.canceled (US), cancelled (UK) adj (marked used or void)作废的；盖销的The company donates all its cancelled postage stamps to charity.canceled check (US), cancelled cheque (UK) n (bank cheque made void)注销的支票；废票canceler (US), canceller (UK) n (counteracting device)对消器；消除器candor (US), candour (UK) n (openness, honesty)坦诚；坦率The supervisor appreciated the guard's candor in admitting that he had fallen asleep.candor (US), candour (UK) n (fairness)公正；公平The hiring committee will consider all applicants with candor and sensitivity.candy apple (US), toffee apple (UK) n (apple covered in syrup)焦糖苹果She loves getting candy apples at Halloween.candy store (US), sweet shop (UK) n (confectioner's shop)糖果屋；糖果商店I am going to the candy store to buy some chocolate.cotton candy (US), candyfloss, candy floss (UK), n (confectionery: spun sugar)棉花糖The cotton candy they sell at the circus is one of our favorite treats.；cotton candy (US), candyfloss, candy floss (UK), n figurative ([sth] insubstantial)浮夸之物； (比喻)绣花枕头canned (US), tinned (UK) adj (food: tinned)罐装的The shop is having a sale on tinned fish.cannibalization, also UK: cannibalisation n figurative (repurposing of parts, etc.)重新利用旧部件；用旧部件修配cannibalize [sb], also UK: cannibalise [sb] vtr (eat flesh of a person) (本义)吃（人）肉cannibalize [sth], also UK: cannibalise [sth] vtr figurative (recycle parts of [sth])拆用…的配件；将…的零部件用于canola (US, Can), rapeseed (UK) n (edible oil)卡诺拉油；菜籽油I usually use canola for cooking because it is relatively inexpensive.我通常用菜籽油来烹饪，因为它比较便宜。canola oil (US, Can), rapeseed oil, rape oil (UK) n (edible oil)芥花籽油Canola oil is often used for frying food.Rapeseed oil is delicious in salad dressings.canonization, also UK: canonisation n (declaring [sb] a saint)封为圣者；追封为圣人canonization, also UK: canonisation n figurative (reverent treatment)虔诚对待；奉为典范canonize [sb], also UK: canonise [sb] vtr (declare [sb] a saint)将…封为圣徒canonize [sb/sth], also UK: canonise [sb/sth] vtr figurative (treat [sb], [sth] with reverence)虔诚地对待canvas, plural: canvases (mainly US), canvasses (mainly UK) n (fabric for painting)画布The art students were supplied with several blank canvasses each.艺术系的学生们每人分到了几张空白的画布。canvas, plural: canvases (mainly US), canvasses (mainly UK) n (painting)油画；画布The newly discovered canvas by Monet is expected to fetch $80 million.新发现的莫奈油画预计将卖出8000万美元。capitalization, also UK: capitalisation n (using upper-case letters)大写的使用Please check the document for proper capitalization.capitalization, also UK: capitalisation n (financing)资本化Before we can begin production, we need to finalize the details of the capitalization.capitalization, also UK: capitalisation n (making the most of [sth])最大化的利用The company's capitalization on the idea really paid off; they made a fortune in the end.capitalize [sth], also UK: capitalise [sth] vtr (put [sth] in uppercase letters)以大写字母书写Please capitalize the first letter of the word.capitalize [sth], also UK: capitalise [sth] vtr (give [sth] an uppercase initial)首字母大写Proper nouns should be capitalized.capitalize [sth], also UK: capitalise [sth] vtr (finance: supply capital for [sth])为…提供资本An anonymous investor capitalized the project.capitalize [sth], also UK: capitalise [sth] vtr (finance: convert to capital)使资本化；将…转化为股本The entrepreneur was able to capitalize his business after two years.capsulize [sth], also UK: capsulise [sth] vtr (encapsulate, condense)概括；节略car hood (US), car bonnet (UK) n (part covering car's engine)引擎盖；汽车前盖car rental, also UK: car hire n (hiring a motor vehicle)租车；汽车租赁car trunk (US), car boot (UK) n (boot: car's rear compartment)汽车行李箱When we went to the drive-in we would usually sneak in some friends in the car trunk.caramelize [sth], also UK: caramelise [sth] vtr (turn [sth] into sugar syrup)加熔使变为焦糖；使…变成焦糖caramelize, also UK: caramelise vi (turn to sugar syrup)变成焦糖；形成焦糖carbon fiber (US), carbon fibre (UK) n uncountable (strong, thin fiber made of carbon)碳纤维carbonize [sth], also UK: carbonise [sth] vtr (burn to ashes)把…烧成碳；使…碳化；使…焦化carbonize [sth], also UK: carbonise [sth] vtr (coat with carbon)给…涂炭carburetor (US), carburettor, carburetter (UK) n (part of an engine) (引擎上)汽化器；化油器The mechanic is busy repairing a carburetor right now, but he will call you back.机修工现在正忙于修理汽化器但他会给你回电。carburize [sth], also UK: carburise [sth] vtr (metal: treat with carbon) (冶金)使渗碳carcass, also UK: carcase n (dead body of animal) (动物的)尸体The driver swerved to avoid the carcass of an animal on the road.carcass, also UK: carcase n slang (idle person's body)（人的）躯干，身躯；（人的）尸体Drag your carcass out of bed, would you? We've got work to do.carcass, also UK: carcase n figurative ([sth] lifeless or empty) (比喻)空壳，空架子The carcasses of empty beer bottles littered the room.caretaker (US), caregiver (US), carer (UK), n (personal carer)看护；护工He was his wife's chief caretaker for the last years of her life.We wish to reserve tickets for ten disabled children and their carers.她妻子临终前一直主要是他来照顾。我们想为10个残障儿童和他们的护工订票。cargo pants (US), cargo trousers (UK) npl (casual trousers)工装裤；休闲裤caroler (US), caroller (UK) n (singer of Christmas songs) (美式拼写)唱诗班的歌者，唱圣歌的人carryout (US), carry-out (UK, regional) n (takeaway food)打包食品；外卖食品My favorite Chinese restaurant does really quick carryout.carryout (US), carry-out (UK, regional) n as adj (relating to takeaway food)外卖的；打包的His refrigerator is filled with carry-out containers.carryover, also UK: carry-over, carryforward, also UK: carry-forward n (accounts: amount carried forward)转入额；结转额carryover, also UK: carry-over n ([sth] postponed, extended)延期事项，移后事项carsick, UK: car-sick, car sick adj (nauseous from car travel)晕车的Reading in the car can make some people carsick.caseload, UK: case-load n (number of cases)案件总数The attorney's growing caseload made him consider hiring an assistant.cash a check (US), cash a cheque (UK) v expr (exchange a cheque for money)兑现支票cast-off (UK), castoff (US) n UK, often plural (discarded object, esp. clothing)丢弃的衣物cast-off (UK), castoff (US) adj (secondhand)旧的, 二手的cast-off (UK), castoff (US) adj (unwanted)淘汰的I gave my cast-off clothing to the thrift store.catalog (US), catalogue (UK) n (sales brochure)产品目录；名册A lot of mail order companies have stopped printing catalogs.许多邮寄订购的公司都不再印刷产品目录。catalog (US), catalogue (UK) n (library contents list)图书编目；图书目录You can search the library's catalog online.你可以在网上检索图书馆的图书编目。catalog of [sth] (US), catalogue of [sth] (UK) n figurative (record, list)目录，表格，一览表The catalog of his sports achievements is impressive. She read me a catalogue of all the things I was doing wrong.他的体育成就列表让人印象深刻。她为我读了一份我所犯错误的清单。catalog [sth] (US), catalogue [sth] (UK) vtr (compile a list, inventory)编写列表；罗列Can you catalog all the things you need before we start? We catalogued the house's contents for insurance purposes.在我们开始前，你能列一份你所需所有物品的清单吗？为了购买保险，我们罗列了房屋内的物品。cataloger (US), cataloguer (UK) n (person who catalogs [sth]) (美式拼写)编制目录的人，编目人员catalyze [sth], also UK: catalyse [sth] vtr (speed [sth] up)促进；使加速catalyze [sth], also UK: catalyse [sth] vtr (cause to start, initiate [sth])促成；催化catch basin (US), catch pit (UK) n (drainage pit)滤污池；集水槽catch fire, catch on fire, also UK: catch light, catch alight, also US: take fire v expr (ignite)着火Gasoline can catch fire very easily.If you knock that candle onto the rug, it will catch on fire.catechize [sb], also UK: catechise [sb] vtr (instruct [sb] in Christian doctrine)用问答法教授…教义教理catechize [sb], also UK: catechise [sb] vtr figurative (question [sb] closely)盘诘；盘问categorization, also UK: categorisation n (classification)分类categorize [sth/sb], also UK: categorise [sth/sb] vtr (classify [sth], [sb])将…分类；将…归类How does the law categorize this drug?categorize [sth/sb], also UK: categorise [sth/sb] vtr (define, describe [sth], [sb])定义，定性；归类Krista is difficult to categorize, as she is so changeable.categorize [sth/sb] as [sth], also UK: categorise [sth/sb] as [sth] v expr (define, describe [sth], [sb] as [sth])将…分类Based on Eli's fashion, we categorized him as an outdoors type.catheterize [sb], also UK: catheterise [sb] vtr (insert a catheter into [sb])将导管插入； (人)给...插导管catheterize [sth], also UK: catheterise [sth] vtr (insert a catheter into part of [sb])将导管插入...cattle chute (US), cattle crush (UK) n (cage for restraining a farm animal)喂牛滑槽cauterization, also UK: cauterisation n (heat-sealing a wound)烧灼伤口消毒；烧灼伤口止血cauterize [sth], also UK: cauterise [sth] vtr (wound: seal with heat)对（伤口）进行烧灼处理caviler (US), caviller (UK) n (complainer)无理指责者；吹毛求疵者cecal (US), caecal (UK) adj (relating to the intestinal pouch)盲肠的cecum (US), caecum (UK) n (intestinal pouch) (美式拼写)盲肠celiac (US), coeliac (UK) adj (suffering from celiac disease)患有乳糜泻疾病的My sister is celiac, so she cannot eat gluten.celiac (US), coeliac (UK) adj (anatomy: relating to the abdomen)腹部的, 腹腔的celiac (US), coeliac (UK) n (person with celiac disease)腹腔病患者celiac disease (US), coeliac disease (UK) n (intestinal disorder) (与谷蛋白摄入有关的消化系统疾病)乳糜泻cell phone (US), mobile phone (UK) n US (portable telephone)手机Cell phones are a lot smaller than they were 20 years ago.现在的手机体型比20年前的小太多了。cellular telephone, also UK: mobile telephone n formal (mobile phone)手机celom, UK: coelom n (zoology: body cavity)体腔center (US), centre (UK) n (middle) (部位、地方)中间The boy stood in the center of the circle.那个男孩站在圆圈中间。center (US), centre (UK) n (main site)中心区；…集中的地方That city is the manufacturing center of the state.这座城市是全国制造中心。center (US), centre (UK) n (town: central area) (城市)中心，中心区At the centre of the town is the Town Hall.市政厅就在镇中心。center (US), centre (UK) n (facility)活动中心The old ladies met at the senior center.几位老婆婆约定在老年活动中心见面。center (US), centre (UK) n (basketball position) (篮球)中锋Yao Ming played center for the Houston Rockets.姚明是休斯顿火箭队的中锋。center (US), centre (UK) n (chocolate, etc.: filling) (巧克力)夹心These chocolates all have soft centres.这些巧克力里面有软夹心。center (US), centre (UK) n (sports position) (体育)中场Dan is the best center the team has ever had.丹是球队有史以来最棒的中场。center [sth] (US), centre [sth] (UK) vtr (move to middle)使…位于正中He centered the painting on the wall.他把墙上的画扶正，挂在正中。center yourself (US), centre yourself (UK) vtr + refl (make yourself calm, focused)使自己集中精神以放松；使自己平静Meditating every morning helps me to center myself.center on [sth] (US), center around [sth], centre on [sth], centre around [sth] (UK) vi + prep (focus on)聚焦；集中精力于；注重center around [sth] (US), centre around [sth] (UK) vi + prep (cluster around)围绕；以...为中心；包围center field (US), centre field (Can, UK) n (baseball: location) (棒球)中外场The ball flew into center field and Jeff caught it.center field (US), centre field (Can, UK) n (baseball: player's position) (棒球)中外场手You can be center field in today's game.center fielder (US), centre fielder (Can, UK) n (baseball: player in center field) (棒球)中场手；中外场员center forward (US), centre forward (UK) n (soccer position) (足球)中锋，中锋位置center forward (US), centre forward (UK) n (soccer player)中锋center half, center-half (US), centre half, centre-half, centre back (UK) n (soccer position)中卫center half, center-half (US), centre half, centre-half, centre back (UK) n (soccer player) (足球)中前卫center of activity (US), centre of activity (UK) n (where action takes place)活动中心The Telegraph Station in Alice Springs became the centre of activity in the area.center of attention (US), centre of attention (UK) n (focal point)众人瞩目的焦点；众人瞩目之地The photographer framed the photo in such a way as to ensure the flower was the centre of attention.；center of attention (US), centre of attention (UK) n figurative (focus of interest)注意力的中心；众人瞩目的焦点The painting was the centre of attention at the exhibition.The UAE was the centre of attention as the region's biggest football tournament came to the country.center of gravity (US), centre of gravity (UK) n (where weight is balanced)重心The position of the center of gravity affects the stability of an object.center of gravity (US), centre of gravity (UK) n figurative (person: focus of activity)重心；中心；核心The Asia-Pacific region has become the centre of gravity for the world economy.center stage (US), centre stage (UK) adv figurative (in a leading role)饰演主角She found herself center stage when she was chosen to represent her school at the event.centerboard (US), centreboard (UK) n (nautical: retractable board) (航海)中心板备注: 装在船底部调节平衡的板centered (US), centred (UK) adj (placed in the middle of [sth])居中的；中心的The image is not perfectly centered on the page.centered, -centered (US), centred, -centred (UK) adj as suffix (with a given kind of center)...心的；中心...的Josie has eaten all the soft-centered chocolates out of the selection box.centered, -centered (US), centred, -centred (UK) adj as suffix (focused on [sth], [sb])以...为中心的；围绕...的This school takes a child-centred approach to learning.centerfold (US), centrefold (UK) n (middle of magazine)（报纸或杂志中的）折叠插页This month's centerfold features one of the most popular swimsuit models.centerfold (US), centrefold (UK) n figurative (pin-up girl, glamour model)性感女郎Gloria looked like a centerfold in her new bikini.centering (US), centring (UK) n (temporary support for a masonry arch)拱赝架centerline, center line (US), centreline, centre line (UK) n (line bisecting a plane figure)中心线centerline, center line (US), centreline, centre line (UK) n (line painted down the middle of a road) (道路)中线；中心线centerline, center line (US), centreline, centre line (UK) n (bisector between radio transmitters) (无线电发送器)中心线centerpiece (US), centrepiece (UK) n (table ornament)桌子中间的装饰品（摆设）Elisa made her own centerpieces for her wedding reception.centerpiece (US), centrepiece (UK) n figurative (main attraction) (比喻)最引人注目之物The centerpiece of the conference is the speech that will be given by the famous physicist.centiliter (US), centilitre (UK) n often plural (unit of volume: 100th of a litre) (计量单位)厘升，百分之一升centimeter (US), centimetre (UK) n usually plural (metric unit of measurement)厘米The plant's leaves are about ten centimeters in length.centralization, also UK: centralisation n (system of federal government)中央集权制The centralization of government is a point of debate between the Republican and Democratic parties.centralization, also UK: centralisation n (focus, concentration on a point)集中The centralization of the woman in the painting emphasizes her importance.centralize [sth] also UK: centralise [sth] vtr (government: bring under central control)对...集权控制centralize [sth], also UK: centralise [sth] vtr (make [sth] central)集中；聚集；中心化The city planners decided to centralize the hospital and government buildings.城市规划者们决定集中医院和政府建筑。centralized, also UK: centralised adj (having power in one place)中央集权的certified check (US), certified cheque (UK) n (check guaranteed by a bank)保兑支票I need to make a payment by certified cheque.Cesarean (US), Caesarean (UK) n informal, abbreviation (surgery: Caesarean section)剖腹产Cesarean (US), Caesarean (UK) adj (birth: surgically assisted)剖腹产的Cesarean (US), Caesarean (UK) adj (relating to Caesar)凯撒的Cesarean section (US), Caesarean section (UK) n (surgery to deliver a baby)剖腹产；剖宫产My daughter was born by Cesarean section.cesium (US), caesium (UK) n (chemical element) (一种化学元素)铯chalkboard eraser, blackboard eraser, also UK: chalkboard rubber, board rubber n (eraser for blackboard)黑板擦We slapped the chalkboard erasers together to get rid of the chalk dust.change [sth] around, change around [sth] (US), change [sth] round, change [sth] round (UK) vtr + adv (rearrange [sth])重新排列…；重排…You can change around the icons on your computer to make them more convenient.The coach changed the players around to balance out the teams.change color (US), change colour (UK) vtr + n (blush)改变颜色；变色change color (US), change colour (UK) vtr + n (become pale)颜色转变changing room, also UK: dressing room n (sport: area for changing clothes) (体育比赛的)更衣室The team left the changing room in chaos after celebrating their victory.球队庆祝胜利后，离开了更衣室，留下一片狼藉。channel-surf, also UK: channel-hop vi informal (change TV channels)不断换电视频道channeling (US), channelling (UK) n (architecture: ornamentation) (柱子等上的装饰)一系列凹槽channeling (US), channelling (UK) n (spiritualism: conveying messages)通灵术channelization, also UK: channelisation n mainly US (directing [sth] along a narrow course)渠（管）道化；槽化；槽化channelize, channelize [sth], also UK: channelise [sth] vtr mainly US (channel, direct)疏导；分导；形成沟渠以分流characterization, also UK: characterisation n (description, depiction)描述；描绘Their characterization of me as a crook is unfair.characterization, also UK: characterisation n (fiction: creation of characters) (小说)性格刻画，性格塑造No one surpasses Charles Dickens for characterization.characterize [sth], also UK: characterise [sth] vtr (be typical of [sth])成为…的特征；成为…的特性Hot days and cool nights characterize the summers here.characterize [sth] as [sth], also UK: characterise [sth] as [sb] vtr + prep (depict, portray [sth])描绘…的特征；将…的特征描绘为The mood in the debate could be characterised as hostile.be characterized by [sth], also UK: be characterised by [sth] v expr (have as an identifying trait)以…为特征；...的特征是Summers here are characterized by hot days and cool nights.这里夏季的特点是日间炎热、夜晚凉爽。charcoal gray, charcoal-gray (US), charcoal grey, charcoal-grey (UK) adj (dark gray in color)炭灰色的，暗灰色的备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the nounSteve bought a charcoal grey suit for his interview.为了面试，斯蒂芬买了一套深灰色的西服。charcoal gray (US), charcoal grey (UK) n (color: dark gray)炭灰色，暗灰色I like red, but I prefer charcoal gray.我喜欢红色，但是我想选炭灰色。charge account (US), credit account (UK) n (for deferred payment)赊欠账；赊购check (US), cheque (UK) n (order for bank to pay)支票I'm going to pay the bill with a check. The winner will receive a cheque for 1 million euros.这笔账我拿支票来付。获胜者将得到一张一百万欧元的支票。usage: ‘cheque’In British English, a cheque is a printed form on which you write an amount of money and say who it is to be paid to. Your bank then pays the money to that person from your account.Ellen gave the landlady a cheque for £80.check box (US), tick box (UK) n (square for marking with a tick)复选框Only half of the check boxes on my "to do" list are checked.checkbook, check book (US), cheque book, chequebook (UK) n (banking)支票簿I need to pay bills, but I can't find my checkbook.checker (US), chequer (UK) n (Chinese Checkers piece)跳棋Don't let the baby play with the checker, he could choke on it.checkerboard (US), chequerboard (UK) n (game board)西洋棋棋盘checkerboard (US), chequerboard (UK) n (pattern of black and white squares)棋盘格图案checkerboard (US), chequerboard (UK) n as adj (relating to a checkerboard)棋盘格图案的checkered (US), chequered (UK) adj (pattern: checked)格子图案的Chrissy spread a checkered blanket on the grass and stretched out on it.checkered (US), chequered (UK) adj figurative (past: varied, questionable)多变的；有问题的The public is wary of the new governor's checkered past.be checkered with [sth] (US), be chequered with [sth] (UK) v expr figurative (have a feature intermittently)散布着；遍布The beach was checkered with umbrellas.checkered flag (US), chequered flag (UK) n (flag with black and white squares)格子旗；方格旗the checkered flag (US), the chequered flag (UK) n (signal for car race winner) (赛车)格子旗checking account (US), chequing account (Can), current account (UK) n (bank account with instant access)（支票）活期帐户I'd like to pay this money into my checking account.cheeky humor (US), cheeky humour (UK) n (impudence)无礼的幽默；厚脸皮的打趣The boy is given to cheeky humor: he told old Mrs. Podsnap she was a bit of a doll.cheeky humor (US), cheeky humour (UK) n informal (sexual comedy)下流的幽默chicken-hearted, also US: chickenhearted, also UK: chicken-livered adj figurative (fearful, cowardly)胆怯的, 软弱的child care center, childcare center (US), day nursery, childcare centre (UK) n (day nursery)托儿所Many companies have an on-site child care center for their employees' children.child labor (US), child labour (UK) n (children: forced working)童工Child labor is still prevalent in some Third World countries.childfree, also UK: child-free adj (having no children by choice)无子女的；不生育的childfree by choice, childless by choice, also UK: child-free by choice expr (voluntarily having no children)选择不生育；选择无子女Glen and his wife are childless by choice, although they have three dogs.chili, chile (US), chilli (UK) n (spicy vegetable: chili pepper) (植物)辣椒Chilis are one of the chief crops in our area.chili (US), chilli (UK) n abbreviation (dish: chili con carne)墨西哥辣味肉酱A bowl of chili on a cold day sure tastes good!chili con carne, chile con carne (US), chilli con carne (UK) n (dish: meat, beans, chili peppers) (墨西哥料理)辣椒肉酱chili flakes, chile flakes (US), chilli flakes (UK) npl (hot pepper)辣椒碎chili pepper, chile pepper (US), chilli pepper (UK) n (spicy vegetable)辣椒；红辣椒Jalapeños and habaneros are types of chili pepper.chili powder, chile powder (US), chilli powder (UK) n (spicy seasoning)辣椒粉Chilli powder can be used if fresh chillis are not available.chili sauce, chile sauce (US), chilli sauce (UK) n (spicy condiment)辣椒酱I love chips with chilli sauce.chiseled (US), chiselled (UK) adj (cut with a chisel)凿刻的chiseled (US), chiselled (UK) adj (facial features: sharply shaped) (面部特征)轮廓分明的chiseler (US), chiseller (UK) n (craftsperson who uses a chisel)使凿子的工匠；凿匠chitchat, also UK: chit-chat n informal (informal conversation)闲聊；聊天Shh, you two! Your incessant chit-chat is unbearable!chockablock (US), chock-a-block (UK) adj informal (packed or stuffed full) (非正式用语)塞满，堆满chockablock with [sth] (US), chock-a-block with [sth] (UK) adj + prep informal (completely full of: things, people)塞满...的cicatrize, also UK: cicatrise vi (heal, scar over)结疤；结痂；愈合cider, also UK: cyder n UK (alcoholic apple drink)苹果酒After work, we stopped by the pub to have a half pint of cider.cinder block (US), breeze block (UK) n (breeze block)煤渣砌块Cinder blocks are the norm in tropical areas where termites and storms cause major problems for wood construction.煤渣砌块在热带地区很常见，在那里蚁虫和风暴会对木头建筑造成重大问题。cipher, also UK: cypher n (code)暗号；密码The message doesn't make sense; I think it's written in a cipher.cipher, also UK: cypher n (coded message)用密码写成的信息；密码信；密码电报The military is working to crack the cipher intercepted from the enemy.cipher, also UK: cypher n (unimportant person)不重要的人；无足轻重者Paul is a nothing but a cipher who no one in the office listens to.cipher, also UK: cypher vi (write in code)用暗号写；用密码写Specialists in cryptography are able to cipher and to break codes.密码学专家能够撰写、破解密码。cipher [sth], also UK: cypher [sth] vtr (encode [sth])把…译成密码Cipher the message so that no one but us can understand it.circularize [sth], also UK: circularise [sth] vtr (make [sth] circular)使成圆形；使成环形Matt circularized the strip of wood.circularize [sth], also UK: circularise [sth] vtr (publicize [sth] using circulars)分发；传阅circularize, also UK: circularise vi (send circulars)分发传单；分发通知city center (US), city centre, town centre (UK) n (town: central area)市中心I don't want to drive through the city center in rush hour.civilization, also UK: civilisation n (developed society)文明；文明国家，文明社会Little is known of the early civilizations in this area.我们对这一地区的早期文明知之甚少。civilization, also UK: civilisation n (process of civilizing)文明化（过程）Early explorers sometimes attempted civilization of tribes they encountered.civilization, also UK: civilisation n (home comforts) (现代生活的)文明设施，现代舒适设施The best thing about camping is returning to civilization at the end of it.civilization, also UK: civilisation n (culture, society)文明；文化；社会文化In college, Jackson took a course on African civilization.civilize [sb], also UK: civilise [sb] vtr (refine socially)使文明civilized, also UK: civilised adj (culture: developed)开化的；文明的There is evidence of civilized cultures in Europe dating back thousands of years.civilized, also UK: civilised adj (refined, cultured)有教养的；有修养的I prefer spending time with my mom's side of the family because they are more civilized than my dad's side.civilized, also UK: civilised adj (society: enlightened) (社会)开明的，文明的Europe emerged from the Dark Ages and became civilized beginning around the 14th century.civilized, also UK: civilised adj (tamed, controlled)驯化的；控制的；文明的You need to act in a more civilized way and stop shouting.clamor (US), clamour (UK) n (public demand or protest)大声疾呼出的要求（抗议）There was a clamor among the protesters when the police threatened to arrest all of them.clamor (US), clamour (UK) vi (demand or protest en masse)强烈要求；强烈抗议；大声疾呼The crowd outside the gate clamored to see the king.clamor for [sth] (US), clamour (UK) vi + prep (demand [sth] noisily)喧闹地要求The children were clamoring for ice cream.clamoring (US), clamouring (UK) adj (demanding noisily)大声抗议的, 大声疾呼的A clamouring crowd had gathered in front of the town hall.clangor (US), clangour (UK) n (clanging or clanking sound)叮当声；铿锵声clearheaded, also UK: clear-headed adj mainly US (lucid)头脑清醒的clearinghouse (US), clearing house (UK) n (agency: settles transactions) (银行)票据交换所clearinghouse (US), clearing house (UK) n (academic: handles information)信息交换所A scholarship clearinghouse is a source of information from a wide range of institutions.cliché (US), clichéd (UK) adj (stereotyped, overused)老套的，陈旧的；陈词滥调的；成见的；固定形象的，固定模式的The movie's dialog was so cliché that you could guess the next line.closefisted (US), close-fisted (UK) adj (miserly, stingy)手紧的；小气的；吝啬的closemouthed (US), close-mouthed (UK) adj figurative (reluctant to divulge information) (比喻)嘴严的；能守住秘密的clothespin, clothes pin (US), clothes peg, clothespeg (UK) n (clip for hanging laundry)晾衣绳上的夹子；晾衣夹It was so windy, Brenda had to use several clothespins per item to keep her laundry on the line. I keep my clothes pegs in an old biscuit tin.外面风大，布伦达不得不用衣夹将她洗好的衣服固定在晾衣绳上。我将衣服夹子放在一个旧饼干罐里。clothing store (US), clothes shop (UK) n (shop: sells clothes)服装商店The new mall has a clothing store that carries all of the styles that I like.cloud [sb]'s judgment, also UK: cloud [sb]'s judgement v expr (impair or prejudice [sb]'s reasoning)蒙蔽你的判断Don't let your love for someone cloud your judgment.clued in, clued-in, also UK: clued up, clued-up adj (well-informed)所知甚多的；消息灵通的备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the noun.clued in on [sth], also UK: clued up on [sth] expr (well-informed about)对…所知甚多clutch purse (US), clutch bag (UK) n (women's small bag)女士手包；无带女士手包I bought a sequined clutch purse to go with my dress.coat rack, coatrack (US), coat stand (UK) n (stand for overcoats)衣帽架；衣架coattail (US), coat-tail (UK) n usually plural (man's formal jacket: back flap) (常作_s)燕尾服的燕尾coauthor, also UK: co-author n (joint writer) (文章等的)合著者，共同作者Tim's coauthor is one of his university colleagues.coauthor [sth], also UK: co-author [sth] vtr (write jointly)合著The two professors co-authored a paper on global warming.coauthor [sth] with [sb], also UK: co-author [sth] with [sb] vtr (write jointly)与…一起合著Caroline coauthored the book with her husband.codefendant, also UK: co-defendant n (law: joint defendant)共同被告人备注: Scots Law uses "accused" rather than "defendant". The formal "panel" or "pannel" is used for solemn proceedings or indictment before a jury.codependent (US), co-dependent (UK) adj (couple: mutually reliant) (美式用法)相互依赖的；互相依存的codependent (US), co-dependent (UK) n (one of a mutually-reliant couple)相互依赖的关系中的一方coed, co-ed, also UK: mixed, mixed-sex adj mainly US, abbreviation (coeducational) (学校)男女生兼收的，男女同校的Did you live in a coed dorm in college?coeducational, co-educational, also UK: mixed, mixed-sex adj mainly US (school: for both sexes)男女合校的The school Valerie went to was coeducational, but she is a teacher at an all-girls' school.coexist, also UK: co-exist vi (exist at the same time)共同存在；同时存在The species in this forest coexist in a delicate balance.coexist with [sb/sth], also UK: co-exist with [sb/sth] vi + prep (exist at the same time as)与...共存Ants coexisted with dinosaurs.coexist, also UK: co-exist vi (live side by side)和平共处；共存A number of religious sects coexist peacefully in this country.在这个国家中，许多不同的宗教流派都可以和平共处。coexist with [sth/sb], also UK: co-exist with [sth/sb] vi + prep (live side by side with)共生；共处Surprisingly, the dogs coexist with the cats here without issues.coexist, also UK: co-exist vi (be present simultaneously)并存Love and hate actually co-exist inside the human soul.coexist with [sth], also UK: co-exist with [sth] vi + prep (be present simultaneously with)与...共存，与...并存coffee-colored (US), coffee-coloured (UK) adj (medium-brown)咖啡色的coffeehouse, also UK: coffee-house, coffee house n (establishment where coffee is served)咖啡馆The Golden Horn was a 60's coffeehouse where you could find coffee, folk songs and poetry but no alcohol.coffeehouse, also UK: coffee-house vi dated, slang (indulge in chitchat)闲谈, 聊天cognitive behavioral therapy (US), cognitive behavioural therapy (UK) n (form of psychotherapy) (心理治疗形式)认知行为疗法，认知行为治疗cognizable, UK: cognisable adj (that can be known)可认知的；可辨识的cognizable, UK: cognisable adj (law: falling within the jurisdiction of a court)在法庭管辖范围内的coldhearted (US), cold-hearted (UK) adj (lacking compassion)冷淡的；无情的；冷心的The way they went in and grabbed their mother's stuff seemed pretty cold-hearted.他们进来取走他们母亲物品的方式似乎非常的冷酷无情。collateralize [sth], also UK: collateralise [sth] vtr (pledge as security on a loan)以…作抵押；抵押collectivization, also UK: collectivisation n (politics: centralization)集体主义collectivization, also UK: collectivisation n (change to group property ownership)（私有财产的）集体化collectivize [sth], also UK: collectivise [sth] vtr (politics: bring under central control)使集体化；使公有化；对…进行集中管理collectivize [sth], also UK: collectivise [sth] vtr (risk, debt, etc: make the responsibility of society as a whole)使…成为共同的colonization, also UK: colonisation n (migrants: settlement) (人)殖民，移居The colonization of Australia began with convicts.colonization, also UK: colonisation n (animals: new habitat) (动物)迁居，移居The species' colonization of new areas is a result of global warming.colonize [sth], also UK: colonise [sth] vtr (migrants: settle in)在…殖民；在…开拓殖民地Early explorers colonized the coastal regions.colonize [sb], also UK: colonise [sb] vtr (rule over indigenous people)对…进行殖民The Romans invaded and colonized the Gauls.colonize [sth], also UK: colonise [sth] vtr (animals: form a colony in) (动植物)在…移地发育The family of meerkats colonized the prairie.colonize, also UK: colonise vi (form a colony) (细菌等)形成菌落，寄生发育，移地发育The bacteria surprised scientists by colonizing.colonized, also UK: colonised adj (people: controlled by foreign power) (民族)被殖民统治的colonized, also UK: colonised adj (land: controlled by foreign power) (土地)被殖民统治的colonizer, UK: coloniser n (founder of a colony)殖民者；殖民地开拓者The early colonizers left few artifacts.color (US), colour (UK) n countable (individual hue)色；颜色Is red your favourite colour?红色是否是您喜爱的颜色？color (US), colour (UK) n uncountable (hues collectively) (统称)颜色When she added colour to her drawing, it came alive.她为自己的绘画上了色，整幅画一下就活了过来。color (US), colour (UK) n uncountable (paint, etc.)颜料；色彩You need to add a little colour to this painting to brighten it up.这幅画有点暗淡，得再添一些颜色。color (US), colour (UK) n uncountable (cheeks: redness)（脸颊上的）红润气色You could tell he'd been playing sport because of the colour in his cheeks.看脸颊上的红润气色，就可以看出他一直有运动。color (US), colour (UK) n uncountable (skin: pigmentation, tan)肤色加深；晒黑Have you been on the beach? Your skin's got some colour to it.你去沙滩了吗？你好像晒黑了些。color [sth] (US), colour [sth] (UK) vtr (apply color to [sth])给…涂颜色；给…着色The girl coloured a tree on her piece of paper.女孩给纸上的一棵树涂上颜色。color [sth] (US), colour [sth] (UK) vtr figurative (influence [sth]) (尤指负面)影响His experience in the war coloured his understanding of the world.他的战争经历影响了他对世界的认识。color (US), colour (UK) n as adj (not black and white) (电视)彩色的Mike bought a colour TV.麦克买了一台彩色电视。color (US), colour (UK) n figurative (nature)本色；本性；本质After I got to know Johnny, I saw the colour of his soul.认识约翰以后，我才了解到了他的本性。color (US), colour (UK) n figurative (sound quality)音色；音质These speakers really reproduce the colour of the music very well.color (US), colour (UK) n (member's ribbon)（代表某个组织的）彩带They arrived, all wearing the club's colour.colors (US), colours (UK) npl (flag) (常为复数)旗帜The marchers in the parade proudly showed the colours of their region.color (US), colour (UK) n figurative (evocative language) (比喻)夸张成分；添油加醋Mark writes with a lot of colour, and his stories always have vivid imagery.马克在写作时喜欢夸张，他的故事总是跃然纸上。color (US), colour (UK) vi (blush)脸红You could see him colour when someone asked about his girlfriend.一有人问起他的女朋友，他就会脸红。of color (US), of colour (UK) adj US (person: not white)有色人种的Maya is in a book club for women of color.玛雅加入了一个面向有色人种女性的读书俱乐部。colors (US), colours (UK) npl (jockey's uniform) (赛马)骑师服The racehorse owner was able to pick out the jockey by his colours.color blindness (US), colour blindness (UK) n (medical condition)色盲color blindness (US), colour blindness (UK) n figurative (lack of racial prejudice)无种族歧视color chart (US), colour chart (UK) n (table illustrating a range of hues)色标；色表An artist uses a color chart to identify complementary colors.color contrast (US), colour contrast (UK) n (strong lights, darks)色对比度；色衬度I had to adjust the colour contrast on his television.color-coordinated (US), colour-coordinated (UK) adj (having colors that match)颜色协调的；颜色相配的Each dancer's outfit is a different style, but they are all color-coordinated.color film (US), colour film (UK) n (for photographing in color)彩色胶卷Jane shot the photos using color film, scanned them into her computer and converted them to black and white.color movie (US), colour film (UK) n (cinema: movie in color)有色电影；彩色电影color guard (US), colour guard (UK) n (flag bearer)护旗手color intensity (US), colour intensity (UK) n (saturation)色彩强度；颜色强度Early digital cameras did not match the color intensity of 35 mm film.color line (US), colour line (UK), color bar (US), colour bar (UK) n (separation by skin color)种族界限；种族分界线color photo (US), colour photo (UK) n informal (photograph in full color)彩色照片The book is full of beautiful colour photos.color photograph (US), colour photograph (UK) n (photo in full color)彩照；彩色照片color photography(US), colour photography (UK) n (medium, artform: photos in color)彩色照相术Many photographers shunned the advent of color photography and preferred to continue working in black-and-white.color print (US), colour print (UK) n (photo in full color)彩色相片；彩色照片；彩照At the stationery store they make color prints directly from your digital camera.color purity (US), colour purity (UK) n (saturation)色纯度；色彩纯度Black, white or gray tones diminish the color purity.color revolution (US), colour revolution (UK) n (social movement in Eastern Europe)颜色革命备注: 又称花朵革命，是发生在东欧等地、以颜色命名的非暴力革命运动。color scheme (US), colour scheme (UK) n (restricted range of hues)配色方案Powerpoint offers users a choice of colour scheme for the presentation.color spectrum (US), colour spectrum (UK) n (physics: range of colors) (物理)色谱A prism is needed to observe the full color spectrum present in white light.color television (US), colour television (UK) n countable (TV set: shows images in colour)彩色电视机We've got a color television in the living room.我们客厅中有一台彩色电视。color television (US), colour television (UK) n uncountable (TV shows broadcast in color)彩色影片；彩色电视剧Colour television first came to the UK in 1967.color temperature (US), colour temperature (UK) n (optics)色温color TV (US), colour TV (UK) informal (television set: shows images in colour)彩色电视机color TV (US), colour TV (UK) uncountable, informal (television shows broadcast in color)彩色电视节目color vision (US), colour vision (UK) n (ability to see hues)色觉；颜色视觉Nocturnal animals tend not to have color vision; the night's light is not strong enough to make out more than gray shapes.color wheel (US), colour wheel (UK) n (chart showing color relationships)色轮color-coded (US), colour-coded (UK) adj (classed and identified by color)颜色编码的The files were colour-coded to make it easier to find the correct one.colorant, UK: colourant n (dye, tinting substance)着色剂；染色剂；染色剂coloration, UK: colouration n (tinting, adding colour)着色；染色；上色colorblind, color-blind (US), colour-blind (UK) adj (having a medical condition)色盲的colorblind, color-blind (US), colour-blind (UK) adj figurative (not racially prejudiced)没有种族偏见的colored (US), coloured (UK) adj (having a color or colors)有…颜色的；彩色的We hung colored lights on our house for Christmas.-colored (US), -coloured (UK) adj as suffix (of a given color)...色的；颜色是...的备注: The hyphen may be omitted when the adjective follows the noun.colored (US), coloured (UK) adj figurative (biased or emotive)带偏见的，戴着有色眼镜的；带情感因素的备注: The hyphen may be omitted when the adjective follows the noun.The speaker gave a colored account of the events that transpired.colored (US), coloured (UK) adj dated, very offensive (relating to non-white people)有色人种的备注: The hyphen may be omitted when the adjective follows the noun.colored, Colored (US), coloured, Coloured (UK) n dated, very offensive (person: non-white)有色人种colors (US), colours, coloureds (UK) npl (non-white laundry items)有色衣物When you do laundry, it's a good idea to separate your coloureds from your whites.洗衣时，最好将白色衣物与有色衣物分开洗涤。colored pencil, color pencil (US), coloured pencil (UK) n (colored drawing tool)彩色铅笔I used a coloured pencil to draw my teddy bear.colored pencil (US), coloured pencil (UK) n uncountable (colored drawing medium)彩色铅笔She is a master of still lifes in coloured pencil.colorfast (US), colourfast (UK) adj (dye, pigment: resistant to fading)不褪色的colorfast dye (US), colourfast dye (UK) n (dye that resists fading)不掉色染料；不褪色染料She told me the scarf was painted using colorfast dyes, but it still turned all of my white shirts pink in the washing machine.colorful (US), colourful (UK) adj (many-hued)各种颜色的；色彩丰富的；五彩缤纷的His paintings are certainly colorful, aren't they?他的画真是五彩缤纷啊，不是吗？colorful (US), colourful (UK) adj (brightly-hued)色彩鲜艳的；颜色醒目的The hikers wore colorful jackets so they would be visible to hunters.徒步者穿了颜色醒目的外套，好让猎人分辨出来，避免意外中弹。colorful (US), colourful (UK) adj figurative (person: full of character)富有特色的；吸引人的；引人注目的He makes a very colorful dinner guest.他是位非常引人注目的晚宴嘉宾。colorful (US), colourful (UK) adj figurative (description: vivid)生动的；绘声绘色的They provided a colorful description of their travels.他们绘声绘色地描述了自己的旅行。colorful character (US), colourful character (UK) n figurative (outgoing or eccentric person)怪人；与众不同的人colorful language (US), colourful language (UK) n figurative (rude words)粗口，冒犯性言语I have to warn you, this movie contains some rather colourful language.colorful language (US), colourful language (UK) n figurative (vivid description)生动的语言，鲜活的语言The author described the scene with such colorful language that I felt as though I were actually there.colorfully (US), colourfully (UK) adv (in bright hues)颜色鲜艳地Inside the box were six colorfully glazed donuts.colorfully (US), colourfully (UK) adv (in many different hues)绚烂地；多彩地The parade floats were decked colorfully in flowers.colorfully (US), colourfully (UK) adv figurative (describe: vividly)生动地Grandpa spoke colorfully about his travels around Europe.coloring (US), colouring (UK) n uncountable (skin pigmentation)肤色Choose a foundation to match your natural coloring.coloring (US), colouring (UK) n uncountable (adding color to pictures)上色，涂色，着色Most children love coloring.coloring (US), colouring (UK) n (substance used to add color)染色剂，着色剂Tartrazine, a synthetic coloring, is banned in some countries.coloring (US), colouring (UK) n figurative (aspect or tone) (指带有某种情调或倾向)色彩coloring book (US), colouring book (UK) n (picture outlines)着色簿；填色画册I always take colouring books on long journeys to keep the children amused.coloring pencil (US), colouring pencil (UK) n (colored drawing tool)彩色笔；彩色画笔She passed the time drawing pictures with her colouring pencils.colorism (US), colourism (UK) n (placing value on lighter skin)肤色歧视；肤色主义colorist (US), colourist (UK) n (artist: focused on use of color) (美式拼写)擅长于运用色彩的艺术家colorist (US), colourist (UK) n (artist: adds color to comics, animation)调色师colorist (US), colourist (UK) n (hairdresser who specializes in dyeing hair)擅长于头发染色的美发师；发色配搭专家colorist (US), colourist (UK) n ([sb] who places value on lighter skin)肤色主义者colorist (US), colourist (UK) adj (placing value on lighter skin)肤色主义的colorization (US), colourization, colourisation (UK) n (adding color to film, etc.)着色；上色；染色colorize [sth] (US), colourize [sth], colourise [sth] (UK) vtr (tint [sth], add color)给...染色；给…上色；使…着色colorless (US), colourless (UK) adj (without color, clear)无色的Oxygen is a colourless gas.colorless (US), colourless (UK) adj (pallid, dull in hue)颜色暗淡的The hotel decor was colorless and boring.colorless (US), colourless (UK) adj figurative (dull, lacking excitement)苍白无趣的；不生动的colorway (US), colourway (UK) n (fashion, design: color scheme)配色；色彩搭配come around, also UK: come round vi + adv (visit [sb])短暂访问；顺便拜访If you come round later, we can do our homework together.如果你晚点来我家，我们可以一起做作业。come to naught (US), come to nought (UK) v expr (fail, have no effect)落空；化为泡影come to the defense of [sb/sth] (US), come to the defence of [sb/sth] (UK) v expr (defend, support)保护；保卫come to [sb]'s/[sth]'s defense (US), come to [sb]'s/[sth]'s defence (UK) v expr (defend, support)保护..., 捍卫...comedy movie (US), comedy film (UK) n US, colloquial (humorous film)喜剧片，喜剧电影commercial traveler (US), commercial traveller (UK) n (traveling salesperson)旅行推销员commercialization, also UK: commercialisation n (making [sth] profitable, saleable)商业化commercialization, also UK: commercialisation n pejorative (focus on money-making)商品化；商业化The commercialization of Christmas had cheapened the holiday.commercialize [sth], also UK: commercialise [sth] vtr (turn [sth] into a business)使商业化；使商品化A tech company has approached the designer about commercializing his invention.community center (US), community centre (UK) n (local venue)社区中心；社区活动中心The summer program at the community center keeps the kids off the streets.community theater (US), amateur dramatics (UK) n (amateur stage productions)社区剧院；社区戏院compartmentalization, also UK: compartmentalisation n (categorization)划分，分隔；分类compartmentalize [sth], also UK: compartmentalise [sth] vtr (arrange [sth] in sections)分隔；分装compartmentalize [sth], also UK: compartmentalise [sth] vtr figurative (separate [sth] into categories)划分；将…分类；把…分组complementary color (US), complementary colour (UK) n (contrasting hue)补色Purple is the complementary color of yellow.computerization, also UK: computerisation n (transferring [sth] to a computer system)计算机化；电脑化computerize [sth], also UK: computerise [sth] vtr (digitize)使...电子计算机化The locks on the building have all been computerized; your old key won't work.computerized, also UK: computerised adj (done with computer)用计算机处理的computerized, also UK: computerised adj (stored on computer)存入计算机的，计算机化的comrade in arms, also UK: comrade-in-arms n (fellow soldier)战友comrade in arms, also UK: comrade-in-arms n figurative, informal (companion, buddy, mate) (比喻，非正式用语)老朋友，伙伴Bill and Joe have been comrades-in-arms ever since high school.conceptualization, also UK: conceptualisation n (forming of an idea)构想；概念化；形成概念conceptualize [sth], also UK: conceptualise [sth] vtr (form an idea)使…形成概念；形成…的构想I first conceptualized the idea of a local animal shelter two years ago.conceptualize, also UK: conceptualise vi (think)思考；沉思；思虑The philosopher spends hours conceptualizing.concertize, also UK: concertise vi (hold concerts)举办音乐会concretize [sth], also UK: concretise [sth] vtr (make [sth] real, specific)具体化confectioner's sugar, powdered sugar, powder sugar (US), icing sugar (UK) n (fine sugar for frosting) (做甜点用)糖粉Ellen usually dusts her brownies with powdered sugar before she serves them.consent judgment, judgment by consent, also UK: consent judgement, judgement by consent n (law: agreement) (法律)协议裁决construction paper (US), sugar paper (UK) n (rough art paper)绘画纸；粗糙美术纸The kids made decorative chains from construction paper.consumer behavior (US), consumer behaviour (UK) n (spending patterns)消费者行为According to current consumer behavior, we predict that this product won't sell.containerization, also UK: containerisation n (transport of cargo in standardized containers)集装箱运输containerization, also UK: containerisation n (conversion to transport in standardized containers)集装箱化containerize [sth], also UK: containerise [sth] vtr (pack, load [sth] for shipping)用集装箱装运；将…装入集装箱contextualization, also UK: contextualisation n (situating in a context, setting)语境化contextualize [sth], also UK: contextualise [sth] vtr (put [sth] into context)将…放入上下文中考虑；把…融入语境Emma contextualized the monologue by describing briefly the events leading up to it.control center (US), control centre (UK) n (operational hub)控制中心convention center (US), conference centre, convention centre (UK) n (event space)会展中心备注: In the UK, the term "conference centre" is more common.conventionalize [sth], also UK: conventionalise [sth] vtr (make [sth] conventional)使成为传统；使成为惯例cookie cutter, also UK: biscuit cutter n (tool for cutting dough into shapes)面团压模；点心模具；点心刻模Mama used a cookie cutter to cut gingerbread men out of the dough.cooking show, cookery show, also UK: cookery programme n (TV programme involving cookery)烹饪节目cool color (US), cool colour (UK) n figurative (cold hue)冷色，冷色调Blue, green, and purple are the cool colors.cooler, UK: cool box n (box: keeps food and drink chilled)冰箱；冷库There's a cooler full of beer in the back of the van.cooptation, also UK: co-optation n mainly US (election by members of group)吸纳, 增选cooptation, also UK: co-optation n mainly US (being taken over by [sb])收编coopted, also UK: co-opted adj (taken in as a member)被吸纳的Gina is a co-opted member of the committee.coopted, also UK: co-opted adj (appropriated, seized)被占用的The co-opted property will be returned to its rightful owners.copilot, also UK: co-pilot n (aircraft pilot: has joint control) (飞机)副驾驶员When the pilot had a heart attack, the co-pilot took over.copilot [sth], also UK: co-pilot [sth] vtr (aircraft: control jointly) (飞机)共同驾驶Roger co-piloted the plane with Captain Sanderson.copper-colored, copper colored (US), copper-coloured, copper coloured (UK), copper n as adj (red-brown)红棕色备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the noun.Mary has lovely copper hair.玛丽生着一头可爱的红棕色头发。corespondent (US), co-respondent (UK) n (law: joint defendant) (尤指离婚案中因与原告配偶通奸而被诉者)共同被告Cornish hen (US), poussin (UK) n (young chicken raised for meat)小母鸡；嫩母鸡Cornish hens are just midget chickens.cornstarch (US), cornflour (UK) n (thickener used in cooking)玉米淀粉；玉蜀黍淀粉Use cornstarch to thicken the gravy.corporate tax, also UK: corporation tax n (tax on business profits)企业税cost center (US), cost centre (UK) n (business)成本中心costume jewelry (US), costume jewellery (UK) n (jewelry: fake) (装饰于服装上的)人造珠宝饰物I prefer to wear costume jewellery as the real thing's so expensive.costume party (US), fancy-dress party (UK) n (costumed ball)化装舞会；假面舞会Children often dress up at Halloween for costume parties.孩子们经常在万圣节打扮起来，参加化装舞会。cot (US), camp bed (UK) n US (portable bed)简易床The visitor slept on a cot in the back porch.客人睡在后院门廊的简易床上。usage: ‘cot’ and ‘camp bed’ In American English, a cot is a narrow bed for an adult. It is made of canvas fitted over a frame, and you can fold it up. You take it with you when you go camping, or you use it as a spare bed at home. In British English, a bed like this is called a camp bed.His bodyguards slept on the cots.I had to sleep on a camp bed in the living room.cot (US), cot bed (UK) n (camp or military bed)行军床The soldiers sleep on cots in their barracks.士兵们睡在营房内的行军床上。cotton ball (US), cotton wool ball (UK) n (fluffy fiber ball)棉球I use a cotton ball to apply nail polish remover.cotton swab (US), cotton bud (UK) n (cotton wool on stick)棉签You shouldn't put anything in your ears, but most people clean them with a cotton swab anyway.cough drop, also UK: cough sweet n often plural (throat lozenge)止咳糖The cough drops helped to relieve Mac's sore throat.I prefer cherry-flavored cough drops.councilor (US), councillor (UK) n (member of a council)议员counseling (US), counselling (UK) n (talk therapy)心理咨询Harold's doctor recommended counseling for his anger and depression.counseling (US), counselling (UK) n (advice service)咨询服务The school offered counseling for resume preparation and job searches.counseling (US), counselling (UK) adj (relating to talk therapy)心理咨询的；与心理咨询相关的Nancy had a counseling session every week to help her deal with her grief.counseling (US), counselling (UK) adj (service: giving advice)咨询的The school offers counseling services for college applicants.counseling service (US), counselling service (UK) n (service offering talk therapy)心理咨询服务counseling service (US), counselling service (UK) n (service offering guidance)咨询服务counselor (US), advisor (UK) n (advisor)顾问Your school's counselor can help with career advice.你的学校顾问可帮忙提出职涯建议。counselor (US), counsellor (UK) n (talk therapist)咨询师When we had problems in our marriage, we went to a counselor who helped us resolve them.每当我们的婚姻发生问题，我们就会去找咨询师，帮助我们解决问题。counterclockwise, counter-clockwise (US), anticlockwise, anti-clockwise (UK) adj (direction: opposite to clock hands)逆时针的；反时针的Turn the handle in a counterclockwise direction to switch off the machine.counterclockwise, counter-clockwise (US), anticlockwise, anti-clockwise (UK) adv (movement: opposite to clock hands)逆时针地To open the jar, you have to turn the lid counter-clockwise.counterespionage, also UK: counter-espionage n (counteracting spies)反间谍counterespionage, also UK: counter-espionage n as adj (counteracting spies)反间谍的counterintelligence, also UK: counter-intelligence n (anti-espionage)反间谍活动；反情报活动The counterintelligence agent was crucial in discovering the network of foreign spies.counterintuitive, also UK: counter-intuitive adj (not logical)有悖常理的，违反直觉的This new operating system seems very counterintuitive and hard to use.countermeasure, also UK: counter-measure n (retaliation: act opposing an action)对策countermeasure, also UK: counter-measure n (response)对策；对抗措施The government's counter-measures don't seem to be working.counterrevolution (US), counter-revolution (UK) n (revolt against a revolution)反革命counterrevolutionary (US), counter-revolutionary (UK) adj (opposed to revolution)反革命的The counterrevolutionary militia arrested fifteen suspects.counterrevolutionary (US), counter-revolutionary (UK) n (opponent of a revolution)反革命分子cover letter (US), covering letter (UK) n (job application)求职信To apply for the position, please send your resume and a cover letter.如申请本职位，请发送您的简历和求职信。cover letter (US), covering letter (UK) n (letter providing additional information)附信；附函Julie posted the documentation with a covering letter.朱莉将文件同附函一道寄了出去。coverup (US), cover-up (UK) n figurative, informal (attempt to hide [sth])掩盖；掩饰Taylor criticized the government report for being a cover-up.coverup (US), cover-up (UK) n (clothing: loose outer garment)宽松的罩袍Women must wear a cover-up over their swimsuits.coverup (US), cover-up (UK) n as adj (that conceals)掩盖；掩饰cow pie, cow patty, cow flop, cow chip (US), cowpat (UK) n informal (bovine feces)牛粪；一坨牛屎When Beverly walked across the cow pasture, she stepped in a huge cow pie!cozily (US), cosily (UK) adv (comfortably, snugly)舒适地The cat was curled up cozily on the cushion.那只猫舒服地蜷缩在垫子上。cozily (US), cosily (UK) adv (closely, familiarly)亲密地；熟络地Freddie was surprised to find his mother and his school principal chatting cozily at the kitchen table.弗雷迪惊奇地发现他母亲和他校长正在厨房的桌子边熟络地交谈。coziness (US), cosiness (UK) n (being warm and comfortable)温暖舒适cozy (US), cosy (UK) adj (place: comfortable)温暖舒适的；惬意的；安逸的A cold wind was blowing, but the house was warm and cozy inside.窗外寒风阵阵，但屋内温暖惬意。cozy (US), cosy (UK) adj (warm, comfortable)感觉温暖舒适的；觉得温暖安逸的The little boy was cozy in his warm coat.那个小男孩穿着大衣，感觉温暖舒适。cozy (US), cosy (UK) adj (friendly, intimate)亲切的；友好的My old friend and I had time for a cozy chat.我和我的老朋友来了次亲切交谈。cozy (US), cosy (UK) n (cover)保暖罩；保暖套I'm going to knit a cozy for my phone.我要给自己的电话织一个保暖套。cozy (US), cosy (UK) adj informal (beneficial but dishonest)相互勾结的；暗中勾结的The journalist had a cosy arrangement with her local police force.crab apple, also UK: crabapple, crab-apple n (small, sharp-tasting wild apple)山楂子备注: 小颗的、味道重的野苹果My grandmother used to make delicious jelly from crab apples which grew on a tree in her garden.cream colored, cream-color, cream color (US), cream-coloured, cream coloured, cream (UK) n as adj (cream-colored)奶油色的备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the noun.Milwaukee was once known for its buildings of cream brick.crenelation (US), crenellation (UK) n often plural (notch in a fortification)城垛；雉堞crib death (US), cot death (UK) n colloquial (sudden infant death syndrome)婴儿猝死综合症criminal offense (US), criminal offence (UK) n (crime)刑事犯罪Speeding is not a criminal offense.criminalize [sth], also UK: criminalise [sth] vtr (make [sth] illegal)判定（某事）为非法；将…定为犯罪行为criminalize [sb], also UK: criminalise [sb] vtr (treat [sb] as a criminal)将…当罪犯对待crisscross (US), criss-cross (UK) adj (pattern: meshed)十字的；十字形的The dress had a crisscross pattern on the bodice.crisscross (US), criss-cross (UK) vi (cross over one another)十字交叉The fibers of the basket crisscrossed in an attractive pattern.crisscross [sth] (US), criss-cross [sth] (UK) vtr (go back and forth across)来回走动的；来回穿梭的；前后交叉的Tire tracks crisscrossed the front yard.前院中的轮胎印前后交叉。crisscross [sth] (US), criss-cross [sth] (UK) vtr (travel back and forth across)游历The player crisscrossed the field, avoiding the opponent and ultimately scoring the winning goal.crisscross [sth] (US), criss-cross [sth] (UK) vtr figurative (travel all over)周游；巡游The author crisscrossed the country doing book signings.crisscrossed (US), criss-crossed, criss-cross (UK) adj (with intersecting lines)带有十字图案的criticize [sth], also UK: criticise [sth] vtr (find fault in [sth])挑剔If you criticize their efforts, try to find something positive too.如果你挑剔他们的工作，也要试试寻找积极的方面。criticize [sb], also UK: criticise [sb] vtr (attack verbally, find fault in [sb])批评；指责Andrew's mother was always criticizing him for his poor grades.安德鲁的母亲总是批评他成绩不好。criticize [sth], also UK: criticise [sth] vtr (literature: analyze, review)评论；评价；分析In an academic journal article, the professor criticized the new book about the Russian Empire.在一篇学术期刊文章中，教授分析了关于俄罗斯帝国的新书。crochet, also UK: crocheted adj (item: made by crochet)钩针编织的Maria has dozens of crochet potholders.cropped pants, crop pants (US), cropped trousers (UK) npl (capri pants: short trousers)七分裤；九分裤cross-fertilization, also UK: cross-fertilisation n (pollination between plants)异花受精cross-fertilization, also UK: cross-fertilisation n figurative (exchange of ideas) (思想的)相互交流，相互碰撞crossbred, also UK: cross-bred adj (genetics: produced by crossbreeding)杂交的, 杂种的crossbred, also UK: cross-bred n (genetics: hybrid animal) (动物)杂种crossbred, also UK: cross-bred n (genetics: hybrid plant) (植物)杂交品种crossbreed, also UK: cross-breed n (animal of mixed breed) (本义)杂交动物My dog looks like a collie, but he's actually a crossbreed.crossbreed, also UK: cross-breed n figurative (hybrid) (比喻)杂种，混血儿My dress is a homemade crossbreed of two old pieces of clothing.crosscut [sth] (US), cross-cut [sth] (UK) vtr (cut or move across)横切；横穿；横越crosscut [sth] (US), cross-cut [sth] (UK) vtr (film: interweave two scenes)（影片中）两个同时发生的场景交替出现；交叉剪接crosscut [sth] with [sth] (US), cross-cut [sth] with [sth] (UK) vtr (film: interweave two scenes)把...和...交叉剪辑crosscut (US), cross-cut (UK) n (transverse or diagonal path)对角的小路；直穿的路；对角捷径crosscut (US), cross-cut (UK) n (film editing: interwoven scenes)交叉剪辑crosscut (US), cross-cut (UK) adj (beams, etc: cut crosswise)横切crosscut (US), cross-cut (UK) adj (film scene: interwoven)交叉剪接的crosscut saw (US), cross-cut saw (UK) n (tool for cutting crosswise)横锯，横切锯crosshairs (US), cross hairs (UK) npl (sighting lines in a gun) (瞄准镜)十字准线She had a rabbit in her crosshairs.crossing guard (US), lollipop lady, lollipop man (UK) n (for crossing a road)交通指挥员The crossing guard at this intersection is very friendly; he kids around with the children and chats with the adult pedestrians.crown molding, UK: crown moulding n (decorative ceiling trim)天花线，顶角线Could you install the crown molding in the centre of the ceiling please?it's no use crying over spilled milk (US), it's no use crying over spilt milk (UK) expr figurative (it's pointless to regret what is done)无济于事；覆水难收；懊悔也于事无补crystallization, also UK: crystallisation n (formation of crystals) (本义)结晶，晶化，晶体形成crystallization, also UK: crystallisation n figurative (process of taking shape) (比喻，计划、想法、意见等)成形，具体化crystallize, also UK: crystallise vi (form into crystals)结晶The honey in the back of the cupboard had crystallized.crystallize, also UK: crystallise vi figurative (be defined, become concrete)具体化；成形Robert's career goals had crystallized in his mind, and he planned to work hard to achieve them.crystallize [sth], also UK: crystallise [sth] vtr (turn [sth] into crystals)使结晶Time and oxidation will crystallize the substance.crystallize [sth], also UK: crystallise [sth] vtr figurative (define, make concrete) (比喻，观点、意见、计划等)使具体化，使成形Let's crystallize the plans soon so we can start packing our bags.crystallized, also UK: crystallised adj (made into hard material)结晶的crystallized, also UK: crystallised adj (has become definite or concrete)具体的, 明确的cubic centimeter (US), cubic centimetre (UK) n usually plural (unit of volume)立方厘米cubic meter (US), cubic metre (UK) n often plural (measure of volume: one metre cubed) (容积、体积测量单位)立方米，立方公尺There are 1.3 cubic yards in a cubic meter.cult movie (US), cult film (UK) n (film: enthusiastic fan base)邪典电影；次文化电影curb (US), kerb (UK) n (edge of sidewalk)马路牙子，道缘，路缘；人行道镶边石Juanita stepped off the curb into the street.胡安妮特走下人行道边，走进了马路。usage: ‘kerb’ Curb is also the American spelling of the noun kerb. There is no difference in pronunciation. The kerb is the raised edge between a pavement and a road.The taxi pulled into the kerb.I pulled up at the curb.curb (US), kerb (UK) n (motor racing: edge of track) (赛车)路肩Running over a curb at high speed can damage a car's chassis.curbing (US), kerbing (UK) n (street: edging)边石curbing (US), kerbing (UK) n (material used to make street curbs)边石的材料curbside (US), kerbside (UK) n (edge of a sidewalk)路边人行道边缘；马路牙子The taxi pulled in at the curbside so that Rita could jump in.curbside (US), kerbside (UK) n as adj (by the edge of a sidewalk)路边的；靠路缘的curbstone (US), kerbstone (UK) n (paving slab along edge of sidewalk)路沿石curry favor (US), curry favour (UK) vtr + n (be ingratiating)套近乎；逢迎Roderick is always attempting to curry favor to gain an advantage.curry favor with [sb] (US), curry favour with [sb] (UK) v expr (ingratiate yourself)巴结；讨好See if you can curry favor with one of the directors.curse word, cuss word (US), swear word (UK) n (obscene language)骂人的话；诅咒的字眼People will think you are ignorant and ill mannered if you use curse words extensively.Swear words are the first thing you want to learn in another language - and the last thing you should use.curve, also UK: bend n (bend in a road) (道路)拐弯处，弯曲处The car came around the curve much too fast.汽车在拐弯处开得太快。customizable, also UK: customisable adj (that can be customized)可定制的；可定制化的customization, also UK: customisation n (modifying [sth] to requirements)定制；专门定制；量身订做Customization is available for all models in the showroom.customize [sth], also UK: customise [sth] vtr (product: alter, tailor)订制；订做This shop customizes all the furniture it makes to the buyer's specifications.这个店铺按照买主要求定制所有的家具。customized, also UK: customised adj (made to fit individually)定制的；自定义的cut in line (US), jump the queue (UK) v expr informal (go in front of others waiting)插队I get annoyed when people cut in line in front of me.cutoff, also UK: cut-off n (limit, deadline)界限；截止点What is the cutoff for applications?cutoff, also UK: cut-off adj (date: limit, deadline)截止日期；到期日Midnight on 31st January is the cut-off time for submitting your tax return.cutoff, also UK: cut-off n (stopping of supply or service)中断供应If you use too many appliances, it can cause a cutoff of the electricity.cutoffs, also UK: cut-offs npl (denim shorts)剪短裤腿的裤子；牛仔短裤At her office job, she always looks professional, but at home she often wears t-shirts and cutoffs.她在办公室工作时总是看起来很专业，而在家时，她则经常会穿T恤搭配牛仔短裤。cutoff, also UK: cut-off adj (jeans, etc.: cut short)截短Those cutoff jeans are too scruffy for work.cutoff date, also UK: cut-off date n (deadline)最后期限；截止日期The cutoff date for submitting your application is February 15.cutoff point, also UK: cut-off point n (limit)截点，分界点The cutoff point for sending in applications is 1st November.cutout, also UK: cut-out n (shape cut from [sth]) (从布、纸或者其它东西上)剪下来的图形，剪下来的图案，剪下来的花样，剪贴画备注: The single-word form is used when the term is or modifies an adjective.The classroom was decorated with cutouts of apples and pencils.A cut-out of a Christmas tree was hanging in the window.教室里装饰着苹果和铅笔形状的剪纸图案。 // 圣诞树形状的剪纸正挂在窗户上。cutout, also UK: cut-out adj (shape: cut from [sth])剪下来的；挖剪的The children decorated cutout cookies on Christmas Eve.cutout, also UK: cut-out adj (safety device: interruptor) (电学)断流器；保险装置cutthroat, also UK: cut-throat adj (ruthless)残暴的；凶残的The competition for the job was cutthroat.cutthroat, also UK: cut-throat n archaic (murderer) (过时用语)凶手，谋杀者The young woman was lured into the woods by a sinister cutthroat.cutthroat competition, also UK: cut-throat competition n (ruthless competition)恶性竞争；割喉式竞争The company eventually folded in the face of cut-throat competition from its larger rival.cuz, also UK: coz n slang (cousin)表兄, 表弟, 表姐, 表妹My little cuz, who's 6, is going to be my bridesmaid.cuz, 'cuz, 'cause, also UK: cos, 'cos conj slang, abbreviation (because) (俚语, 缩略语)因为；由于I'm not telling Marcus our secret cuz I don't trust him.daddy longlegs, daddy-long-legs (UK), harvestman (US) n colloquial, invariable (arachnid: harvestman)盲蜘蛛, 长脚蛛damper, also UK: dampener n informal (rain: spoils event)使计划搁浅的因素；起阻碍（限制）作用的事情Heavy showers may well put a damper on this morning's race.damper, also UK: dampener n informal, figurative ([sth]: lowers mood)扫兴之人；扫兴之事When Paul fell over and injured himself at the party, it was a real damper.dare to do [sth], also UK: dare do [sth] v expr (be brave enough)敢于做；胆敢做Not one of them dared to ride on the ghost train.他们中没有人敢坐幽灵列车。usage: used as an intransitive verbIf you dare to do something, you have the courage to do it. You use dare on its own, or with an infinitive with or without to.I went to see him as often as I dared.It's remarkable that she dared to be so honest. In this meaning, dare is often used in negative sentences and questions. If someone daren't do something, they don't have enough courage to do it.I daren't ring Jeremy again. In American English, the contraction ‘daren’t' is not used. American English uses the full form dare not instead.I dare not leave you here alone.Be carefulYou must use an infinitive without to after daren't and dare not. Don't say, for example, ‘I daren’t to ring Jeremy again'.If you are talking about the past, you say that someone did not dare do something or didn't dare do something. After did not dare and didn't dare you can use an infinitive with or without to.She did not dare leave the path.I didn't dare to speak or move.In formal writing, you can say that someone dares not do something. Dare not is always followed by an infinitive without to.He dared not show that he was afraid.In other kinds of negative sentence, you can use an infinitive with or without to after dare.No one dares disturb him.No other manager dared to compete.In yes/no-questions, you put the base form dare in front of the subject without using an auxiliary verb or modal. After the subject, you use an infinitive without to. Dare she go in?In wh-questions, you use a modal such as would in front of dare. After dare, you use an infinitive with or without to.Who will dare to tell him?What bank would dare offer such terms?dare to do [sth], also UK: dare do [sth] v expr (be impudent enough)有胆量做；敢放肆做I wouldn't dare to enter his office without knocking.不敲门就进他办公室，我还没有胆量这样做。day away (US), day out (UK) n (one-day trip, outing)一天的旅行We had a lovely day out at the seaside.day labor (US), day labour (UK) n US (work: paid by the day)零工，杂工；按日计酬的工作Day labor is a growing part of the informal economy in the United States.day laborer (US), day labourer (UK) n (worker hired by the day)按日计酬的零工Sadly, day laborers usually lack benefits or job security.daycare center, day-care center (US), day nursery (UK) n (children's nursery) (小孩)日托中心；托儿所daycare center, day-care center (US), day-care centre (UK) n (care facility for adults) (成人)日间护理中心；日间保健中心de-emphasize [sth], deemphasize [sth], also UK: de-emphasise [sth], deemphasise [sth] vtr (place less importance on [sth])不再强调，不再重视de-energize [sth], also UK: de-energise [sth] vtr (electricity: disconnect)切断…的电源the dead center (US), the dead centre (UK) n (exact centre, precise middle)正中；当中dead center (US), dead centre (UK) adv (precisely in the middle)在正中；在当中debt of honor (US), debt of honour (UK) n (moral obligation)仅在道义上有约束力的债务（尤指赌债）decaliter (US), decalitre (UK) n (unit of volume: 10 liters)十升decameter, dekameter (US), decametre (UK) n (10 meters)十米decarbonization, also UK: decarbonisation n (removal of carbon)脱碳decarbonize [sth], also UK: decarbonise [sth] vtr (remove carbon)使...脱碳decenter [sth/sb] (US), decentre [sth/sb] (UK) vtr (move [sth/sb] from center)去掉…的中心decenter [sth] (US), decentre [sth] (UK) vtr (geometry: make eccentric)使离心decentralization, also UK: decentralisation n (government: devolution)地方分权；权力下放Robert is a firm believer in decentralization of government.decentralize [sth], also UK: decentralise [sth] vtr (devolve powers)使权力分散；将…的权力下放One of the presidential candidates wants to decentralize the government.decentralized, also UK: decentralised adj (powers, etc.: devolved) (权利)分权的，去中心化的deciliter (US), decilitre (UK) n often plural (unit of volume: one tenth of a liter) (容积计量单位)十分之一升decimalization, also UK: decimalisation n (conversion to metric system)转换为十进制decimalize [sth], also UK: decimalise [sth] vtr (convert to decimal system)把…转换为十进制decimeter (US), decimetre (UK) n (unit of length) (长度计量单位)分米deck of cards (US), pack of cards (UK) n (set of playing cards)一副扑克牌decolonization, also UK: decolonisation n (restoration of a country's autonomy)非殖民化；脱离殖民地化decolonize [sth], also UK: decolonise [sth] vtr (make [sth] independent)去殖民化；使殖民地恢复独立decolor [sth] (US), decolour [sth] (UK) vtr (remove color from)脱色；去色decolorize [sth], also UK: decolourize [sth], decolourise [sth] vtr (remove color from)为...脱色；将...去色decriminalization, also UK: decriminalisation n (act of legalizing [sth])合法化；非刑事化；非犯罪化decriminalize [sth], also UK: decriminalise [sth] vtr (make [sth] legal)使...合法化A growing number of people want to decriminalize marijuana use.defense (US), defence (UK) n (protection against attack)防御；防守；守卫The government's spending on defense rose again this year.今年，政府在防御力量上的开销又增长了。defense, (US), defence (UK) n often plural (military: fortifications) (军事)防御工事We need to strengthen our border defenses.我们需要加强边界的防御工事。defense (US), defence (UK) n (justification)辩护；辩解John's defense for his behavior was that he had been drunk at the time.约翰为自己的行为辩护，说他当时喝醉了酒。defense (US), defence (UK) n (sport: part of team) (体育运动)防守队员；防守；后卫Ellen is part of the team's defense.艾伦是球队的防守队员。defense (US), defence (UK) n (defendant's lawyers)辩护律师备注: Usually preceded by the article, or by a name or a noun referring to a person.The man's defense advised him to plead guilty. The defense contested the forensic evidence.那人的辩护律师建议他认罪。辩护律师驳斥了法医证据。defense (US), defence (UK) n (law: strategy) (法律)辩护；抗辩We'll base our defense on the testimony of these two witnesses.我们会以这两位目击证人的供词作为辩护基础。defense attorney (US), defence lawyer (UK) n (barrister, defending lawyer)辩护律师Anderson's defense attorney still believes in a not guilty verdict because there was plenty of reasonable doubt.defense mechanism (US), defence mechanism (UK) n (organism: defensive reaction) (有机体)防御机制defense mechanism (US), defence mechanism (UK) n (self-protective mental process)心理防卫机制，心理防御机制defenseless (US), defenceless (UK) adj (unprotected, helpless)无助的；无自卫能力的Bullying a defenseless child is a terrible thing to do.defenselessness (US), defencelessness (UK) n (lack of self-protection)无防护，不能自卫，无防卫能力；手无寸铁dehumanization, also UK: dehumanisation n (mechanization, industrialization)非人化；机械化；工业化The dehumanization of the production process allows the factory to make pencils cheaply.dehumanization, also UK: dehumanisation n (making [sb] appear less than human)失去人性；人性丧失The dehumanization of Jews was a contributing factor of the Holocaust.dehumanization, also UK: dehumanisation n (making [sb] act without human decency)灭绝人性dehumanize [sb], also UK: dehumanise [sb] vtr (portray [sb] as less than human)非人化The article dehumanized the indigenous people and portrayed them as animals.dehumanize [sb], also UK: dehumanise [sb] vtr (deprive [sb] of humanity)去人性化；使丧失人性Miserable prison conditions dehumanized the inmates.dehumanize [sth], also UK: dehumanise [sth] vtr (mechanize [sth])使机械化Dehumanizing the manufacturing of valves means that we can produce many more for a cheaper price.dehumanizing, UK: dehumanising adj (depriving of human qualities)失掉人性的deicer (US), de-icer (UK) n (substance: anti-freeze)防冻剂deicer (US), de-icer (UK) n (defrosting device)防冻设备；防冻装置deindustrialize [sth], also UK: deindustrialise [sth] vtr (reduce industrial activity)解除...的工业；削减...的工业生产能力deindustrialize, also UK: deindustrialise vi (become less industrial)削减工业生产能力；去工业化delocalization, also UK: delocalisation n (electrons: moving freely)非定域化；不定域delocalize [sth], also UK: delocalise [sth] vtr (electrons: make free to move)游离；离域demagnetization, also UK: demagnetisation n (removal of magnetism)消磁；除去磁性；除去磁性demagnetize [sth], also UK: demagnetise [sth] vtr (remove magnetism)使…消磁；去除…的磁性dematerialize, also UK: dematerialise vi (cease physical existence)非物质化dematerialize, also UK: dematerialise vi (disappear)消失dematerialize [sth], also UK: dematerialise [sth] vtr (replace [sth] with electronic version)使无纸化；使电子化demeanor (US), demeanour (UK) n (behavior)行为；举止Their demeanor suggested that they were very upset.他们的举止透出沮丧之情。demilitarization, also UK: demilitarisation n (withdrawal of armed forces)解除军事管制；撤军demilitarise [sth], also UK: demilitarise [sth] vtr (change from military to civil control)解除对…的军事管制It will take some time to demilitarize the war-torn city.demilitarized, de-militarized, also UK: demilitarised, de-militarised adj (area: military forces removed)解除武装的；非军事的demilitarized zone, de-militarized zone, also UK: demilitarised zone, de-militarised zone n (area where military operations are prohibited)非军事区The demilitarized zone between North and South Korea is the world's most heavily armed border.demobilization, also UK: demobilisation n (removal from duty, service) (军人)复员demobilize [sth], also UK: demobilise [sth] vtr (military: take [sth] out of action)遣散（部队）The unit was demobilized near the end of the war.demobilize [sb], also UK: demobilise [sb] vtr (military: take [sb] out of action)让…复员Brian was demobilized when his mental state began to deteriorate.demobilize, also UK: demobilise vi (military: withdraw) (部队)遣散The president has ordered the military to demobilize.democratization, also UK: democratisation n (spread of democracy)民主化democratization, also UK: democratisation n (process of making [sth] democratic)民主化进程；民主发展democratize [sth], also UK: democratise [sth] vtr (make [sth] democratic)使…民主化demonetization, also UK: demonetisation n (finance: removal from status of legal tender)取消…的法定货币地位demonetization, also UK: demonetization n figurative (loss of value, legitimacy) (比喻)失去价值，失去合法性demonetize [sth], also UK: demonetise [sth] vtr (no longer be used as currency)取消…的法定货币地位；使…失去货币资格demonize [sb/sth], also UK: demonise [sb/sth] vtr (portray [sb], [sth] as evil)妖魔化The media has demonized the actor for his affairs.demoralization, also UK: demoralisation n (discouragement)士气低落；意志消沉；丧失信心demoralize [sb], also UK: demoralise [sb] vtr (discourage [sb])使...沮丧；使…失望；使…士气低落The series of setbacks demoralized the team.denationalization, also UK: denationalisation n (privatization: of industry, etc.)去国有化；私有化denationalize [sth], also UK: denationalise [sth] vtr (privatize [sth])去国有化；使私有化dentist's office (US), dentist's surgery (UK) n (dentist's treatment room)牙医诊所deodorize [sth], also UK: deodorise [sth] vtr (neutralize smell)中和（不好的）味道；除去…的臭味This powder deodorizes cat litter.deodorizer, UK: deodoriser n (eliminates bad smells)除臭剂deoxidize, UK: deoxidise vtr (remove oxygen atoms)还原deoxidize, UK: deoxidise vtr (remove oxygen)除氧，脱氧departmentalization, also UK: departmentalisation n (division into departments)部门划分；科系划分；职能范围划分departmentalize [sth], also UK: departmentalise [sth] vtr (sort [sth] into departments)对…进行职能范围（部门、科系）划分dependent, also UK: dependant n (child, etc. supported financially) (尤指孩子)受抚养者，受供养者，眷属，家眷How many dependents do you claim on your tax return?你在报税表上填了自己有几个家眷？depersonalization, also UK: depersonalisation n (act of removing individuality)非个性化depersonalization, also UK: depersonalisation n (psychiatry: feeling of unreality) (心理学)人格解体depersonalize [sth], also UK: depersonalise vtr mainly US (make [sth] impersonal)去个性化；使...非人化depoliticize [sth], also UK: depoliticise vtr (make apolitical)去政治化；使与政治无关depressurization, also UK: depressurisation n (reduction in pressure)减压；降压depressurize [sth], also UK: depressurise [sth] vtr (reduce air pressure)使…减压；使…降压depressurize, also UK: depressurise vi (lose air pressure)减压；降压deputize, also UK: deputise vi (serve as acting leader)代理；代行职务A military officer is temporarily deputizing while a new government is established.deputize for [sb], also UK: deputise for [sb] vi + prep (act for [sb])替…代行职务；为…代理Ursula will deputize for her boss while he is away.deputize [sb], also UK: deputise [sb] vtr (make [sb] deputy)让…代理；让…代行职务Wyatt was deputized after showing remarkable bravery.derby (US), bowler hat (UK) n (man's rounded hat)圆顶高帽；礼帽Men used to wear derbies as part of business attire.derealization, also UK: derealisation n (psychiatry: altered perception)现实感丧失，现实解体desalinization, also UK: desalinisation n (process of removing salt)去除盐分；脱盐desalinize [sth], also UK: desalinise [sth] vtr (remove salt from)去除...的盐分；使...脱盐desensitization, also UK: desensitisation n (loss of physical feeling) (身体)脱敏（作用），麻木desensitization, also UK: desensitisation n (loss of emotional response) (感情)敏感度降低，麻木desensitize [sb], also UK: desensitise [sb] vtr (make [sb] less sensitive)使不敏感；使脱敏Years of therapy have helped to desensitize Laura.desensitize [sb] to [sth], also UK: desensitise [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (make [sb] less sensitive to [sth])使…对…麻木；使…对…不敏感Watching a lot of bloody movies may desensitize you to the shock of violence.destabilization, also UK: destabilisation n (process: making, becoming unstable)扰动；不安定；不稳定destabilize [sth], also UK: destabilise [sth] vtr (make [sth] unstable)破坏…的稳定；使...不稳定The decaying isotope will destabilize the substance.衰变的同位素会使该物质不稳定。destabilize [sb], also UK: destabilise [sb] vtr (make [sb] unstable)使…情绪处于崩溃边缘The sudden shock of her son's death destabilized Martha, and she was unable to get out of bed for weeks.destabilize, also UK: destabilise vi (become unstable)变得不稳定Traffic conditions have destabilized with the winter storm.destabilizing, also UK: destabilising adj (making [sth] unstable)不稳定的, 不安定的The increase in inflation is having a destabilizing effect on the economy.destigmatize [sth/sb], also UK: destigmatise [sb/sth] vtr (remove shame from)去污名；消除耻辱desynchronization, also UK: desynchronisation n (process of becoming less aligned)去同步化，同步失效detention center (US), detention centre (UK) n (holding facility)拘留中心；集中营；感化营Delinquents arrested in Los Angeles are taken to a detention center before their hearings.detergent, dish detergent (US), washing-up liquid (UK) n (soap for washing dishes)洗涤剂；洗衣粉；洗洁精This detergent is good for cleaning greasy pans.detergent, laundry detergent (US), washing powder (UK) n (powder or liquid used for laundry)洗涤剂；洗衣粉I only use plant-derived detergent because I don't like harsh chemicals.deviled (US), devilled (UK) adj (ham, eggs: in small bits with sauce) (火腿、鸡蛋)抹了少量调味汁的deviled egg (US), devilled egg (UK) n usually plural (stuffed halves of boiled egg) (万圣节的一种食物)魔鬼蛋To make deviled eggs I mash the egg yolks with other ingredients.dial tone, also UK: dialling tone n (phone signal)（电话）拨号音Wait for the dial tone to begin pressing the number keys.dialog box (US), dialogue box (UK) n (message on computer screen)对话框diaper (US), nappy (UK) n (baby's nappy)尿布Richard changed the baby's diaper.理查德给婴儿换了尿布。diaper bag (US), changing bag, change bag (UK) n (tote for nappies)尿布包Now mothers can buy fashionable diaper bags that look like purses.diaper rash (US), nappy rash (UK) n (baby: skin irritation)尿布疹We were afraid that the baby had chicken pox but it was only diaper rash.diarrhea (US), diarrhoea (UK) n (loose feces)腹泻；泻肚She got some medicine that helped the baby's diarrhea.dibble, also UK: dibber n (gardening tool: make holes) (园艺)挖洞器，挖洞手铲dietary fiber (US), dietary fibre (UK) n uncountable (roughage)膳食纤维；食用纤维digitalization, digitization, also UK: digitalisation, digitisation n (computers: conversion to digital form) (计算机)数字化digitalization, also UK: digitalisation n (medicine: treatment with digitalis) (医学)洋地黄疗法digitalization, also UK: digitalisation n (medicine: effect of digitalis treatment) (医学)洋地黄疗效digitalize [sth], digitize [sth], also UK: digitalise [sth], digitise [sth] vtr (convert to digital form)把...数字化I spent my weekend digitizing old family photos.digitalize [sth/sb], also UK: digitalise [sth/sb] vtr (medical: administer digitalis)给（病人）服用洋地黄dimerize, also UK: dimerise vi (molecule: become a dimer)使…成为二分子聚合物；使……成为二聚物dimerize [sth], also UK: dimerise [sth] vtr (form one molecule of two)使二聚dinner lady (UK), lunch lady (US) n informal (woman who serves school food) (学校)食堂女服务员diopter (US), dioptre (UK) n (unit of optical power)屈光度diphthongize [sth], also UK: diphthongise [sth] vtr (change vowel into diphthong)使…双元音化，使…复元音化，使…双重母音化diplomatics (US), diplomatic (UK) n (study of historical documents)古文献学Diplomatics is important to the field of history.diplomatic pouch (US), diplomatic bag (UK) n (not subject to inspection) (美国英语)外交邮袋，外交信袋The embassy sent the documents to the United States in a diplomatic pouch.direct labor (US), direct labour (UK) n (production work)直接劳动；直接人工dirty movie, also UK: dirty film n informal (pornographic film)黄片；色情片The boys hid the dirty movie under the mattress so their mom wouldn't find it.disability organization, also UK: disability organisation n (association: disabled rights)残疾人组织Disability organizations are calling for better access to public services.disc plow (US), disc plough (UK) n (farm implement for turning soil)圆盘犁The farmer may use a disc plow to loosen and soften the soil.discolor (US), discolour (UK) vi (become tinged, stained, faded)变色；褪色；脱色The fabric discolored from being left in the sunlight for weeks.discolor [sth] (US), discolour [sth] (UK) vtr (tinge, stain)使变色；使褪色；使脱色The hard water discolored the side of the house.discoloration (US), discolouration (UK) n (change from usual color) (美式拼写)变色Leaving the photos in the sun will result in discoloration.discoloration (US), discolouration (UK) n (stain, discolored area) (美式拼写)褪色点，污点I wasn't able to remove the discoloration from the blouse.discolored (US), discoloured (UK) adj (whose original color has changed)褪色的；掉色的disfavor (US), disfavour (UK) n (dislike, disapproval)厌恶；不悦；不赞同disfavor [sb] (US), disfavour [sb] (UK) vtr (dislike [sb])厌恶；对...不悦disfavor [sth] (US), disfavour [sth] (UK) vtr (disapprove of [sth])不赞成...dish soap, dishwashing liquid, dishwashing soap (US), washing-up liquid (UK) n (detergent for cleaning dishes)洗洁精；洗碗剂We've almost run out of dish soap.dish towel (US), dishtowel (US), tea towel (UK) n (cloth for drying dishes)揩碗巾；擦碗巾Put the dish towel on the radiator to dry after you finish.Maxine embroidered dishtowels for her mother for Christmas.disheveled (US), dishevelled (UK) adj (person: untidy, unkempt)衣冠不整的；邋里邋遢的；不整洁的Although Evan always looks disheveled, he is incredibly smart and successful.disheveled (US), dishevelled (UK) adj (having untidy hair)头发凌乱的Chip combs his hair every morning, but by evening it's always disheveled.dishonor (US), dishonour (UK) n (public shame)耻辱；丢脸The young woman was humiliated by her father, who publicly punished her for bringing dishonor to the family.dishonor [sb] (US), dishonour [sb] (UK) vtr (bring shame upon)使…蒙受耻辱；使…丢脸You are no longer welcome to live in this house because your actions have dishonored the family.dishonorable (US), dishonourable (UK) adj (dishonest, immoral) (美式拼法)卑鄙无耻的，不知羞耻的The leader was ousted over his dishonorable actions.dishonorable (US), dishonourable (UK) adj (base, shameful)不光彩的；可耻的The soldier was discharged from service for dishonorable conduct.dishtowel, also UK: tea towel n US (towel for drying dishes)擦碗布nMaxine embroidered dishtowels for her mother for Christmas.disorganization, also UK: disorganisation n (lack of method, arrangement)无序；混乱disorganize [sth], also UK: disorganise [sth] vtr (disarrange, make [sth] chaotic)使…混乱；使…无序disorganized, also UK: disorganised adj (person: not disciplined) (人)无组织纪律的The secretary is very smart, but she's also disorganized and sloppy.disorganized, also UK: disorganised adj (lacking order)杂乱无章的；紊乱的Due to poor planning, the event was disorganized, and many people left early.disorient [sb], also UK: disorientate [sb] vtr mainly US (confuse [sb] as to direction)使…丧失方向感；使…晕头转向disoriented, also UK: disorientated adj mainly US (confused by surroundings or direction)迷失方向的disposable diaper (US), disposable nappy (UK) n (paper nappy)一次性纸巾Disposable diapers are just so much more convenient than cloth ones.distill [sth] (US), distil [sth] (UK) vtr (purify: a liquid)蒸馏；以蒸馏法提纯You should distill the water before pouring it in the fish tank.distill [sth] (US), distil [sth] (UK) vtr figurative (condense: an idea) (比喻想法等)提炼, 精炼, 提纯The travel writer distilled his experiences into an autobiographical book.distribution center (US), distribution centre (UK) n (warehouse, depot)配送中心divestiture (US), divestment (UK) n (sale of subsidiary)资产剥离；子公司出售The company's divestitures brought the necessary funds for a new and more profitable acquisition.divestiture (US), divestment (UK) n (sale of property by court order)（法庭）强制出售资产After the company was deemed to have obtained a monopoly, divestiture was required due to court order.divided highway, dual highway (US), dual carriageway (UK) n (two-way road divided by central strip)双向车道公路；双向公路The divided highway that runs through town was once known as 'Main Street'.从前，贯穿小镇的双向公路被称为“主街道”。division of labor (US), division of labour (UK) n (delegation of tasks)分工Assembly lines are extreme examples of division of labor.do a double take, also UK: do a double-take v expr (look surprised)再看一眼；再次细看I did a double take when I saw Richard; he looks completely different without a beard!do [sb] a favor, do a favor for [sb] (US), do [sb] a favour, do a favour for [sb] (UK) v expr (do [sth] kind)帮…一个忙Will you do me a favor and post this letter for me?do me the favor of doing [sth] (US), do me the favour of doing [sth] (UK) interj (please would you)请帮我做…；请帮我一个…的忙do the dishes, wash the dishes (US), do the washing-up, wash up (UK) v expr informal (wash plates, etc.)洗碗I'll cook for both of us if you promise to do the dishes afterwards. Our dinner guests offered to do the washing-up.如果你保证饭后洗碗，我就为咱们俩做饭。来用晚餐的客人提请洗碗。do [sb] the honor of doing [sth] (US), do [sb] the honour of doing [sth] (UK) v expr (do [sth] out of kindness, respect)愿意为某人做某事；有幸为某人做某事do the honors (US), do the honours (UK) v expr (perform a ceremony)尽地主之谊do the honors (US), do the honours (UK) v expr informal, humorous (serve drink or food)带头；领头Time for tea, I think. Shall I do the honors?Doberman (US), Dobermann (UK) n (Doberman Pinscher: breed of dog) (德国短毛猎犬)杜宾狗，杜宾犬Doberman Pinscher (US), Dobermann Pinscher (UK) n (breed of dog) (德国短毛猎犬)杜宾犬Doberman Pinschers are often used as guard dogs.doctor's office (US), doctor's surgery (UK) n (where you see a doctor)医生办公室I went to the doctor's office to get a prostate exam.dog leash, also UK: dog lead n (lead for a canine)牵狗带；狗栓As Jack was always running off with other dogs, we have to put him on a dog leash when we take him for a walk now.dog license (US), dog licence (UK) n (permit to own a dog)养狗许可doggie bag (UK), doggy bag (US) n (restaurant: leftover food to take) (餐厅等)打包盒；外带餐盒dogmatize [sth], also UK: dogmatise [sth] vtr (treat as unquestionable)把…作为教条doll clothes (US), doll's clothes, dolls' clothes (UK) npl (clothing for a doll)玩偶服装；洋娃娃服饰dollar store (US), pound shop (UK) n (shop selling cheap items)一元店These sunglasses were only a buck at the dollar store.Jane's present looked as if it had been bought in a pound shop.dollhouse (US), doll's house, dolls' house (UK) n (miniature house for dolls)玩具屋；迷你娃娃屋Edgar built an elaborate dollhouse for his granddaughter.double or quits, also UK: double or nothing n (gambling: type of bet) (赌博、打赌)要么双倍付钱，要么一笔勾销double-or-quits, also UK: double-or-nothing n as adj (bet: risk is double)要么赢双倍；要么一笔勾销的I won $100 in a double-or-nothing bet.double take, also UK: double-take n (surprised response)恍然大悟；惊讶Dan thought no one noticed his double take when the eccentrically dressed man passed him in the street, but I did.看到与自己擦肩而过的那个穿着古怪的人，丹非常惊讶，他以为没人注意到自己的反映，不过我注意到了。double-barreled (US), double-barrelled (UK) adj (gun: two barrels)双管的double-barreled (US), double-barrelled (UK) adj figurative (name: two parts)两部分组成的double-clutch (US), double-declutch (UK) vi (change gear in car) (汽车换挡)踩两脚离合器；两次离合doubleheader, also UK: double-header n US (sports: two consecutive games) (同一天内)连续的两场比赛doubleheader (US), double header (UK), double-header (UK) n (train with two locomotives)双车头火车dove gray (US), dove grey (UK) n (medium gray color)鸽灰色dove gray, dove-gray (US), dove grey, dove-grey (UK) adj (medium gray in color)鸽灰色的备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the noundowndraft (US), downdraught (UK) n (air current moving downwards)下降气流；下行风downspout (US), downpipe (UK) n (vertical pipe to drain water from roof) (屋顶的垂直排水管)落水管；排水管I spent Saturday morning repairing the downspouts on my house.Dr. (US), Dr (UK) n written, abbreviation (Doctor: title) (头衔)医生； (头衔)博士draft [sth], also UK: draught vtr (sketch)绘制（草图）The architect drafted a sketch of the building.建筑师绘制了该建筑的草图。draft, UK: draught vi US (draw plans)画草图Before he creates final drawings, he drafts quickly.draft, UK: draught n as adj US (horse: pulls cart) (马)拉车的, 供役使的The draft horses pulled the plow.耕马拉着犁前进。draft, UK: draught n US (measurement: ship's hull) (船)吃水深度The draught of the boat measured 1.9 metres.该船的吃水深度为1.9米。draft beer (US), draught beer (UK) n (cask beer served on tap)扎啤；鲜啤酒；桶装散啤酒That bar does not sell draft beer, only bottles.draft proofing (US), draught-proofing, draught proofing (UK) n (insulation against air currents)防风drafted (US), draughted (UK) adj (outlined)草拟的；初步完成的Mark took out his drafted article and began to revise it.drafted (US), draughted (UK) adj (military: called up)被征召入伍的；被征募的The drafted men had to report to their nearest army base.draftiness (US), draughtiness (UK) n (room: cold breezy quality) (房间等)通风draftproof, draft-proof, (US), draughtproof, draught-proof (UK) adj (door, window: sealed) (门窗)封闭防风的We need to install a draughtproof door on the garage.draftproof [sth], draft-proof [sth] (US), draughtproof [sth], draught-proof [sth] (UK) vtr (door, window: seal) (门窗)对…进行封闭防风处理Since draught-proofing the windows and doors, my heating bill's gone down by 10%.draftsman (US), draughtsman (UK) n (designer, technical artist)绘图员, 制图员；设计师Marius was hired as a draftsman for a construction company.draftsman (US), draughtsman (UK) n (person who is skilled at drawing)画家；画匠Keith is a good draftsman, especially when it comes to technical drawings of machinery.draftsmanship (US), draughtsmanship (UK) n (technical drawing)制图, 绘图draftsmanship (US), draughtsmanship (UK) n (skill in technical drawing)制图术；绘图术draftswoman (US), draughtswoman (UK) n (female designer, artist)女制图人；女绘图员draftswoman (US), draughtswoman (UK) n (female who is skilled at drawing)女绘图人；女制图员drafty (US), draughty (UK) adj (room, etc.: uncomfortably breezy) (房间等)有穿堂风的The old house was drafty due to its ill-fitted windows.drainboard (US), draining board (UK) n (surface by a sink for draining dishes)（餐具沥水用的）滴水板dram, also UK: drachm n historical (ancient Greek coin)古希腊银币drama movie (US), drama film (UK) n (fictional film with serious theme)剧情片，情节剧dramatization, also UK: dramatisation n (fictional depiction)改编，改编成剧本；改编的剧本The film is a dramatization of the catastrophic hurricane.dramatization, also UK: dramatisation n (overly dramatic account)戏剧化的描述The police think his story is a dramatization with little factual information.dramatize [sth], also UK: dramatise [sth] vtr (turn [sth] into fiction)将（小说等）改编成剧本The life of Galileo was dramatized for a TV special.dramatize, also UK: dramatise vi (be melodramatic)戏剧化；戏剧化地描述No matter how small the issue is, Joan always dramatizes.draw a check (US), draw a cheque (UK) v expr (write a bank order)开支票Your invoice was approved so I'll draw a check for you by the end of the day.你的发票获得了批准，今天下班前我就给你开支票。dressup, dress up, dress-up (US), dressing up (UK) n (children: putting on costumes) (儿童)乔装打扮的游戏My daughters often play dress-up with my old clothes.我的女儿们经常用我的旧衣服来玩儿乔装打扮的游戏。drilldown menu, also UK: drill-down menu n (hierarchical list of options)下钻操作菜单；向下钻取菜单drip coffee (US), filter coffee (UK) n (coffee: percolated)滴滤咖啡I like drip coffee, not instant.driveler (US), driveller (UK) n (person who talks nonsense) (美式拼法)说昏话的人，胡说八道的人driver's license (US), driving licence (UK), driver's licence (Can) n (permit to drive)驾驶证；驾照I've had my driver's license for 15 years.我拿驾照已经15年了。driver's test (US), driving test (UK) n (exam for learner drivers)驾照考试Gina failed her driver's test several times before finally passing.drop cloth (US), dust sheet (UK) n (protective sheet)罩单；保护罩Before you start painting the walls, please put down a drop cloth to protect the floors.drop-in center (US), drop-in centre (UK) n (social services)救助中心；收容中心drunk driving (US), drink driving (UK) n colloquial (driving while intoxicated) (口语)酒后驾驶；酒后驾车；醉驾Rich was arrested for drunk driving.里奇因为醉驾被逮捕了dry humor (US), dry humour (UK) n (deadpan comedy)冷幽默The double-entendre is often an element of dry humor.dud check (US), dud cheque (UK) n (bank order with insufficient funds)空头支票dueler, duelist (US), dueller, duellist (UK) n (one of two participants in a duel)决斗者；决斗一方dumbbell, also UK: dumb-bell n (gym weight)哑铃Doing presses with dumbbells is a great way to strengthen the muscles in your shoulders and upper back.dummy (UK), pacifier (US) n (soother for a baby to suck)安抚奶嘴；橡皮奶嘴The baby was sucking on her dummy.小婴儿吮吸着橡皮奶嘴。dump truck (US), dumper truck (UK) n (type of truck)自卸车；翻斗车dune buggy, also UK: beach buggy n (vehicle used on sand) (装有特大轮胎，适于沙地行驶的)沙丘汽车It was my first time driving a dune buggy out in the desert.dust-up, also UK: dustup n slang (fight)争吵，吵闹dysmenorrhea (US), dysmenorrhoea (UK) n US (medical term: menstrual pain) (医学术语)痛经dyspnea (US), dyspnoea (UK) n (medical term: breathing difficulty)呼吸困难ear, nose, and throat (US), ear, nose and throat (UK) n as adj (ENT: relating to otorhinolaryngology)耳鼻喉的；耳鼻喉科的easygoing (US), easy-going (UK) adj ([sb], personality: relaxed)随和的；容易相处的I love being with her because she's a nice easy-going girl.我喜欢和她在一起，她是个非常善良随和的女孩。economize, also UK: economise vi (save money)省钱；节约Sally always tries to economize when possible.economizer, also UK: economiser n (person who saves money)节约的人；节俭的人edema (US), oedema (UK) n (swelling due to excess fluid)水肿；浮肿The doctor elevated the patient's feet to help treat the edema.editorialize, also UK: editorialise vi (write an opinion piece)发表社论；插入编者意见Many of the conservative news agencies have editorialized against gay marriage.education program (US), education programme (UK) n (academic course)教育课程，教育项目The charity runs educational programs for underprivileged children.eggplant (US, AU), aubergine (UK) n (purple-skinned vegetable) (蔬菜)茄子John made stuffed eggplants for dinner.约翰晚餐做的是夹心茄子。eggplant (US, AU), aubergine (UK) n (plant)茄子Karl is growing eggplants in the garden. Aubergine is a healthy and delicious vegetable.卡尔在花园里种了茄子。茄子是一种美味而健康的蔬菜。eggplant (US, AU), aubergine (UK) n (dark purple colour)深紫色；茄紫色Rachel asked if the dress came in eggplant.瑞秋问那款裙子有没有深紫色的。eggplant (US, AU), aubergine (UK) n as adj (dark purple in color)深紫色的Our bedroom walls are aubergine.我们卧室的墙是深紫色的。eighth (US), quaver (UK) adj (musical time)八分音符Josh played a chorus made up of eighth notes.elasticize [sth], also UK: elasticise [sth] vtr (clothing: add elastic)使…具有弹性elasticize [sth], also UK: elasticise [sth] vtr figurative (time, money, rules: make flexible)使…更灵活；使…具有灵活性electrical grid (US), electricity grid (UK) n (network: electrical supply)电网elevator operator (US), lift attendant (UK) n ([sb] employed to operate a lift)电梯操作员；电梯工elevator shaft (US), lift shaft (UK) n (passage for a lift) (美国英语)升降梯，电梯elite, also UK: élite n (select group)精英；高端人才；顶级人士A small elite controls all promotions at the university.elite, also UK: élite adj (of the highest class)精英的；顶级的The elite club accepts only a handful of new members each year.elite, also UK: élite n (computing: typeface)每英寸12个字母的打字机字型尺寸Elite looks like the typeface on a typewriter.elite group, also UK: élite group n (people: select few)精英集团；精英圈子Ingledew has just joined an elite group of runners – those who have completed 100 marathons.emergency room (US), casualty department, accident and emergency (UK) n (hospital: casualty department)急诊室The ambulance took the injured man to the emergency room.The casualty department was filled with victims of the accident.emotional labor (US), emotional labour (UK) n (meeting social and family demands)情绪劳动；情绪劳务emotional labor (US), emotional labour (UK) n (hiding feelings for professional reasons)情绪劳动；情绪工作empathize, also UK: empathise vi (understand another's feelings) (认知上理解对方感受)拥有同理心； (站在对方立场思考)谅解，体谅You're having hassles with your tax return? I can empathise!empathize with [sb], also UK: empathise with [sb] vi + prep (understand [sb]'s feelings)与…产生共鸣；设身处地地理解（某人）She is a great teacher who knows how to empathize with her students.empathize with [sth], also UK: empathise with [sth] vi + prep (understand feelings)感同身受地理解（某种情感）I can empathize with your sadness at losing your Dad.emphasize that, also UK: emphasise that vtr (say, repeat for clarity)强调；着重He emphasized that he didn't want to stay working there.他强调说他不愿意继续留在那里工作。emphasize [sth], also UK: emphasise [sth] vtr (say, repeat for clarity)强调，着重The teacher emphasized the importance of reading the exam questions carefully.老师强调了考试时仔细阅题的重要性。emphasize [sth], also UK: emphasise [sth] vtr (stress, say more loudly)加强…的语气Raising his voice, he emphasized the words.他把声音提高，加强了说话的语气。emphasize [sth], also UK: emphasise [sth] vtr (shape, etc.: accentuate)使突出，使突显This dress will emphasize your curves perfectly.这条裙子能完美地突显出你的身材。enameler (US), enameller (UK) n (person who works with enamel) (美式拼法)搪瓷工人enamor [sb/sth] (US), enamour [sb/sth] (UK) vtr (enchant, endear)使...倾心，使...迷恋，迷住备注: Most often in the passive and followed by 'of'.John became a television star, enamoring teenagers all over the world.enamored (US), enamoured (UK) adj literary (filled with love) (书面语)迷恋的；爱恋的The sight of her beau made the young woman's enamoured heart beat faster.enamored of [sth] (US), enamoured of [sth] (UK) adj + prep (very fond of [sth])热爱…的，迷恋…的，对…倾心的Ever since high school, I've been completely enamored of history.enamored of [sb] (US), enamored with [sb] (US), enamoured of [sb] (UK), enamoured with [sb] (UK) adj + prep (in love with [sb])喜爱；倾心于I have never been so enamored of somebody in my life! I have been enamored with Lucy for years, but I'm still too shy to ask her out.我这辈子从没那么喜欢过一个人！我喜欢露西很多年了，但是我依然很害羞，不敢约她出去。encyclopedia, also UK: encyclopaedia n (book: facts on all topics)百科全书I'm not sure; let's look it up in the encyclopedia.encyclopedia, also UK: encyclopaedia n (book: facts on a topic)百科全书I bought an encyclopedia of physics at the bookstore down the street.encyclopedic (US), encyclopaedic (UK) adj (comprehensive, complete) (美式拼写)广博的，涵盖全面的encyclopedic knowledge of [sth] (US), encyclopaedic knowledge of [sth] (UK) n (extensive knowledge)广博的知识；渊博的知识The children were impressed by their grandfather's encyclopedic knowledge of aircraft.endeavor (US), endeavour (UK) n (attempt, effort)努力；尝试Science is one of humanity's greatest endeavors.科学是人类最伟大的努力之一。endeavor (US), endeavour (UK) n uncountable (effort)努力Rights which we take for granted today were won through years of tireless endeavour by campaigners.如今我们视为理所当然的权利，是先驱者们通过长年累月不懈的努力所赢来的。endeavor to do [sth] (US), endeavour to do [sth] (UK) vi + prep (try to)尝试；尽力；努力Do not endeavor to change his mind; you'll regret it.别尝试改变他的想法，不然你会后悔的。endeavor (US), endeavour (UK) vi (try)努力；尽力It seems a hopeless task, but I feel we must endeavour nonetheless.这个任务似乎没有希望完成，但是我觉得不管怎样，我们还是得尽力。endpaper, also US: end paper, end leaf, end sheet, also UK: endleaf n (paper at front or back of a book)衬页energize [sb], UK: energise [sb] vtr figurative (motivate, revitalize [sb])激励；使...振奋Coffee always energizes me in the morning.energize [sth], UK: energise [sth] vtr (fill [sth] with energy)给…能量；给...精力Microwave ovens work by energizing the water molecules in food.energizer, UK: energiser n ([sth] invigorating)激发器；激能器energizer, UK: energiser n (antidepressant drug)抗抑郁药物energizing, also UK: energising adj (refreshing)使人精力充沛的, 使人充满活力的I took an energizing nap this afternoon and feel much better now!busy signal (US), engaged tone, engaged signal (UK) n (phone: sound when in use)占线音；忙线音English muffin (US), muffin (UK) n (type of crumpet)英式松饼Every morning for breakfast, she ate a toasted English muffin with plenty of butter.enroll (US), enrol (UK) vi (education: enlist, register) (学校)注册, 入学If you are not already on the electoral register, it's time to enrol.如果现在还没有做选民登记，那么请抓紧时间去注册。enroll in [sth] (US), enrol in [sth] (UK), enrol on [sth] (UK), enrol for [sth] (UK) vi + prep (education: enlist, register) (课程)报名, 注册Gina enrolled in a course in French history.吉娜报名参加了法国历史课程。enroll in [sth] (US), enrol in [sth] (UK) vtr + prep (education: enlist, register) (课程)报名，注册； (学校)进入She didn't enroll in college till the age of twenty-two.她直到22岁才上大学。enroll [sb] (US), enrol [sb] (UK) vtr (enter into register)登记；报名；注册The school failed to enroll enough students to stay open.这所学校没能招收到足够多报名的学生来让自己继续办学。enroll [sb] in [sth] (US), enrol [sb] in [sth] (UK) vtr + prep (enlist, register)将某人登记在某处；在某处注册某人The Bensons enrolled their son in a private school.贝森家送儿子去一所私立学校登记就读。enrollment (US), enrolment (UK) n (university, college: registration) (学校等)注册Course enrollment can now be done online.现在可以通过网络注册课程。enrollment (US), enrolment (UK) n (number of students registered)注册人数；‘’Total enrollment at the school is over 10,000 students.学校学生注册人数超过10万。entertainment center (US), entertainment centre (UK) n (unit for TV, hi-fi, etc.)娱乐中心；娱乐系统enthrall [sb] (US), enthral [sb] (UK) vtr (captivate, fascinate)使…着迷The magician's performance enthralled the children.eolian (US), aeolian (UK) adj (relating to the wind) (美式拼写)风成的，风积的eon (US), aeon (UK) n often plural (long period of time) (美式拼法)很长的时代，极长的时期，永世，万古It feels like eons since we've seen each other!epicenter (US), epicentre (UK) n figurative (focal point) (美式拼写，比喻)中心，中央epidural anesthesia (US), epidural anaesthesia (UK) n (numbing injection in the spine)硬脊膜外麻醉Epidural anesthesia is often used during childbirth.epitomize [sth], also UK: epitomise [sth] vtr (be a perfect example of)象征；代表；成为…的缩影Your bad attitude epitomizes everything that is wrong with people today!equal sign (US), equals sign (UK) n (mathematics symbol: =)等号The math teacher told her students to write the answers after the equals signs.equalization, UK: equalisation n (act of making equal)使相等，使均等；，平等化The law's equalization of men and women in the workplace continues to be a subject of debate.equalization, UK: equalisation n (act of becoming equal)变成相等，变均等；比分拉平The equalization of the two currencies came as a result of the changing economy.equalization, UK: equalisation n (recording: sound correction)均衡Check the equalization; something doesn't sound right on this track.equalize [sth], also UK: equalise [sth] vtr mainly US (make equal)使平等；使相等The boss decided to equalize the pay of all the managers.equalize, also UK: equalise vi (sport: make score even) (体育)扳成平局After Murray's home run, the away team equalized.穆雷打出全垒打后，客队扳回平局。equalize, also UK: equalise vi (scuba diving: technique)使平衡Tomorrow we will learn how to equalize while diving.equalize [sth], also UK: equalise [sth] vtr (scuba diving: ears) (潜水)耳压平衡What method do you use to equalize your ears while diving?equalizer, also UK: equaliser n (tone-control device) (电子设备)均衡器Check the settings on the equalizer; I think the bass level is too high.equalizer, also UK: equaliser n ([sth] that makes people equal)使相等者；使（众人）平等的东西Whoever you are and wherever you come from, illness is a great equalizer.equalizer, also UK: equaliser n (sport: equalizing goal) (体育)追平比分的进球The goal in the last ten seconds of the first half of the match was the equalizer.equalizer, also UK: equaliser n US, informal (weapon) (尤指枪)武器The robber pulled out his equalizer and everyone payed attention.ER (US), A&E (UK) n initialism (emergency room) (emergency room 首字母缩写)急诊室Where do you turn for the entrance to the ER?error in judgment, error of judgment, also UK: error in judgement, error of judgement n (mistaken opinion)判断错误Giving a mortgage to somebody who cannot make payments is an error in judgment.esophageal (US), oesophageal (UK) adj (relating to the gullet) (美式拼写)食道的esophagus (US), oesophagus (UK) n (upper digestive tract) (美式拼法)食管，食道In some people, acidic foods can irritate the esophagus.esthete (US), aesthete (UK) n (connoisseur of art, beauty)审美专家esthetic (US), aesthetic (UK) n (principle of beauty) (美式拼法)审美I simply don't understand the appeal of the modernist esthetic.esthetics (US), aesthetics (UK) npl (philosophy of art, beauty) (美式拼法)审美Esthetics is a matter of individual taste.esthetic (US), aesthetic (UK) adj (relating to beauty)美的, 美感的, 有关美的, 美学的The decor in this room has absolutely no esthetic value.esthetic quality (US), aesthetic quality (UK) n (attractiveness)美感esthetically (US), aesthetically (UK) adv (in terms of beauty)从审美角度看；从美学观点上看I find Brutalist architecture esthetically unappealing.esthetically appealing (US), aesthetically appealing (UK) adv + adj (attractive, beautiful)美丽迷人的；有美感的esthetically pleasing (US), aesthetically pleasing (UK) adj (attractive)美观；有美感I like that garden; I find the contrast between the curves and the straight lines aesthetically pleasing.esthetician (US), aesthetician (UK) n (beauty therapist)美学家；审美学家estheticism (US), aestheticism (UK) n (sense of beauty)美感estheticism (US), aestheticism (UK) n (principles based on beauty)唯美主义；美学原则estivate (US), aestivate (UK) vi (zoology: hibernate in summer)夏眠estivation (US), aestivation (UK) n (zoology: summer dormancy)夏眠estradiol (US), oestradiol (UK) n (biochemistry: hormone)雌二醇estrogen, UK: oestrogen n (female sex hormone)雌性激素；雌激素estrous (US), oestrous (UK) adj (animal: in heat) (美式拼法)（雌性动物）发情期的，动情期的，求偶期的estrus (US), oestrus (UK) n (heat: animal's sexual peak)动物发情期ether, UK: aether n figurative (atmosphere, air) (比喻)宇宙，苍穹，太空，大气The smoke from the factories dissipated as it floated up into the ether.etiological, etiologic (US), aetiological, aetiologic (UK) adj (regarding origin of a disease)病原学的, 病因学的etiological, etiologic (US), aetiological, aetiologic (UK) adj (relating to study of causes)病因学的；病原学的etiology (US), aetiology (UK) n (study of the cause of disease)病因学；病源学The professor teaching this class is an expert in etiology.etiology (US), aetiology (UK) n (study, analysis of causes)原因探究；本源探究Etiology strives to explain why things are the way that they are.eulogize [sb], also UK: eulogise [sb] vtr (speak in praise of) (对人)称赞，赞美；颂扬，讴歌，歌颂Jimmy eulogized his father in a short but emotional speech.eulogize about [sth], also UK: eulogise about [sth] vi + prep (speak in praise of) (对事物)称赞，赞美；颂扬，讴歌，歌颂Brent eulogized at length about the benefits of a vegan diet.eulogizer, UK: eulogiser n ([sb] who gives eulogy at a funeral)（葬礼上）念悼词的人；念悼文者Europeanization, also UK: Europeanisation n (influence of European Union)欧洲化euthanize [sb], euthanaze [sb], also UK: euthanise [sb], euthanase [sb] vtr (person: assist in dying) (人)使…安乐死euthanize [sth], euthanaze [sth], also UK: euthanise [sth], euthanase [sth] vtr (animal: kill out of mercy) (动物)使…安乐死evangelize, also UK: evangelise vi (Christianity: preach)宣讲福音；传福音evangelize [sb], also UK: evangelise [sb] vtr (Christianity: try to convert [sb])使…皈依基督教evangelize, also UK: evangelise vi figurative (be enthusiastic)传福音般热情宣讲Since he read that book he hasn't stopped evangelizing.evenhanded (US), even-handed (UK) adj (fair, equitable)公平的；公正的；不偏不倚的everlasting pea, perennial pea, also UK: everlasting sweet pea, perennial sweet pea n (plant)宽叶山黧豆exclamation point (US), exclamation mark (UK) n US (punctuation)感叹号It is considered poor style to use too many exclamation points when writing.exhibition center (US), exhibition centre (UK) n (conference and sports venue)展览中心；会展中心exorcize [sth], also UK: exorcise [sth] vtr (spirit, demon: drive out) (邪魔)祛除，驱除exorcize [sth], also UK: exorcise [sth] vtr figurative (rid yourself of [sth]) (如烦恼、记忆等)消除，抹除Melinda decided to burn all of the gifts her ex-boyfriend had given her in order to exorcize the memories of him.expiration, UK: expiry n (contract, license: termination) (合同等)到期；终止At the expiration of your contract you must return your keys.expiration date (US), expiry date (UK) n (of food, medicine, etc.) (食物等)过期日What's the expiration date on that carton of milk?那罐牛奶的过期日是什么时候？expiration date (US), expiry date (UK) n (when [sth] is no longer valid)过期日My credit card number is 1234567891234, expiry date 05/09.我的信用卡号是1234567891234，过期日是05/09。extemporization, also UK: extemporisation n (improvisation)临场发挥；即兴表演；即席创作extemporize, also UK: extemporise vi (improvise)临场发挥；即兴表演；即席创作extension cord (US), extension lead (UK) n (electronics) (电子设备)延长线exteriorize [sth], also UK: exteriorise [sth] vtr formal (medicine: expose [sth]) (外科手术)使（内脏）外置exteriorize [sth], also UK: exteriorise [sth] vtr formal (make [sth] external)使外化externalization, also UK: externalisation n (outward expression of [sth])内心感情的表露；外化externalize [sth], also UK: externalise [sth] vtr (express [sth] outwardly)以外在形式来表现；以语言行动等来表达externalize [sth], also UK: externalise [sth] vtr (attribute [sth] to outside causes)将...归于外因eye color (US), eye colour (UK) n (color of the irises)眼睛颜色；眼球颜色face card, also UK: court card n (playing cards: king, queen or jack) (纸牌中的K、Q、J三种牌)人头牌，人面牌The king, queen and jack are called face cards.face mask (US), face pack (UK) n (facial skin cleansing substance)面膜factionalize [sth], UK: factionalise vtr (divide into factions)使...分派factorize [sth], also UK: factorise [sth] vtr (mathematics: resolve into factors)对…进行因式分解faggot (UK), fagot (US) n dated (bundle of sticks)捆，束；柴把，柴捆James made a mound of faggots for the bonfire.詹姆士为了生起篝火做了一堆柴把。fainthearted (US), faint-hearted (UK) adj (cowardly, weak)胆小的；懦弱的That man is nothing but a fainthearted fool!faintheartedness (US), faint-heartedness (UK) n (lack of courage)胆小，怯懦fall into disfavor (US), fall into disfavour (UK) v expr (earn disapproval)失宠fall into disfavor with [sb] (US), fall into disfavour with [sb] (UK) v expr (earn [sb]'s disapproval)在某人处失宠；失去某人的欢心The duke fell into disfavor with the queen and was promptly beheaded.fall out of favor (US), fall out of favour (UK) v expr (lose popularity)掉热度；不再受欢迎falloff, falling-off, also UK: fall-off n (decrease, decline)下降；减少false pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, also UK: phantom pregnancy n (pregnancy symptoms when not pregnant)假孕familiarization, also UK: familiarisation n (process of getting to know [sth] or [sb])熟悉，通晓；熟悉，熟识familiarize [sb] with [sth], also UK: familiarise [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (acquaint, cause to know)使熟悉；使通晓The instructor familiarized the students with the new computer software.familiarize yourself with [sth], also UK: familiarise yourself with [sth] v expr (get to know)使自己熟悉；使自己通晓family counseling (US), family counselling (UK) n (therapy and guidance for families)家庭咨询，家庭事务咨询fanny pack, belt bag (US), bumbag (UK) n (pouch worn round the waist)腰包fantasize, also UK: fantasise vi (daydream)幻想；空想；做白日梦Rowan stared out the window, fantasizing.fantasize about [sth], also UK: fantasise about [sth] vi + prep (imagine, daydream about [sth])幻想；空想；做…的白日梦As a child, I fantasized about living in a boarding school.fantasize [sth], also UK: fantasise [sth] vtr (with object: imagine)想象；幻想Mallory likes to fantasize plots for mystery novels.fantasize that, also UK: fantasise that vtr (with clause: imagine)想象；幻想Vicky often fantasizes that she is married to a famous footballer.farmyard (UK), barnyard (US) n (farm: area around a barn)农家庭院The farmer's wife spent the morning cleaning up the farmyard.farmyard (UK), barnyard (US) n as adj (on or of a farm)农家宅院的The farmyard animals came running towards the farmer at dinner time.farseeing (US), far-seeing (UK) adj figurative (prudent, planning for the future)有先见之明的；目光远大的farsighted (US), long-sighted, longsighted (UK) adj (difficulty seeing near objects) (本义)目光长远的，有远见的farsighted (US), far-sighted (UK) adj figurative (having foresight) (比喻)有先见之明的farsightedness (US), long-sightedness, longsightedness (UK) n (vision defect: being longsighted) (美式拼法，本义指视力)远视Dawn wears glasses to correct her farsightedness.fashion jewelry (US), fashion jewellery (UK) n (cheap costume jewelry)时尚首饰；时尚珠宝fatty tumor (US), fatty tumour (UK) n (medical: lipoma, etc.)脂肪瘤faultfinding (US), fault-finding (UK) n (criticism, nitpicking)挑毛病；挑剔；找茬faultfinding (US), fault-finding (UK) adj (critical)爱挑毛病的；吹毛求疵的；爱找茬的fava bean (US), broad bean (UK), horse bean n (botany: plant)蚕豆fava bean (US), broad bean (UK), horse bean n usually plural (edible pulse)蚕豆Fava beans are delicious in stews but do tend to cause flatulence.favor (US), favour (UK) n (helpful act) (给予帮助)帮助, 恩惠, 人情Do me a favor and lend me $50.帮我一下，借我50美元。favor (US), favour (UK) n uncountable (preference)偏好Ruth puts her hand up at every question in an effort to gain the teacher's favour.露丝每个问题都举手，希望能得到老师的青睐。favor [sth/sb] (US), favour [sth/sb] (UK) vtr (like best)偏爱，更喜欢；偏向，偏袒Keith wears a suit to work six days a week, so on Sunday he tends to favour jeans and a T-shirt.凯斯每周要着工作服上六天班，所以每到周日，他都更喜欢穿牛仔裤和T恤衫。favor [sth/sb] over [sth/sb] (US), favour [sth/sb] over [sth/sb] (UK) vtr + prep (prefer)比起…更偏爱It's not unusual for parents to favor one child over the others.父母在众多孩子中偏爱某一个孩子的现象并不少见。favor [sb] (US), favour [sb] (UK) vtr (give [sb] an advantage)给…以恩惠，眷顾；帮…一个忙Luck favours those who work hard.幸运会眷顾那些辛勤工作的人。favorable (US), favourable (UK) adj (opinion: approving)积极的, 肯定的；赞同的, 准许的The restaurant has received several favorable reviews.这家餐厅获得了几个好评。favorable (US), favourable (UK) adj (performance: good)受欢迎的；吸引人的His favorable performance may win a place on the team.他的出色表现让他在队中获得一个位置。favorable (US), favourable (UK) adj (conditions: helpful)有优势的；占有利条件的Favorable winds meant we could sail earlier.顺风意味着我们的航行会更轻松。favorable (US), favourable (UK) adj (promising)顺利的, 有利的；吉祥的, 吉利的I hear favorable reports about your work from the dean.我从院长那里听到了对你工作的好评。favorably, favorably (US), favourably (UK) adv (in a positive way)有利地，良好地Most customers have reviewed the restaurant favourably.favored (US), favoured (UK) adj (preferred)偏爱的The professor is more lenient with his favored students.favored (US), favoured (UK) adj (privileged)受到优待的，受到优惠的Only the most favored members are granted admittance to this part of the building.favored by [sb] (US), favoured by [sb] (UK) prep (preferred)受...的青睐；受...的青眼favored by [sth] (US), favoured by [sth] (UK) prep figurative (given an advantage)因...而获得优势favorite (US), favourite (UK) adj (preferred)受到偏爱的；特别受喜爱的What's your favorite ice cream flavor?你喜欢那种口味的冰淇淋？favorite (US), favourite (UK) n (preferred person, thing) (特别喜欢的人)红人, 宠儿, 特别喜欢的人, 特别偏爱的人； (特别喜欢的事物)宠儿, 特别喜欢的事物She was determined to be the teacher's favorite from the first day.她决定从第一天起就要成为老师喜欢的学生。favorite (US), favourite (UK) n (internet shortcut) (互联网)收藏页Lee saved the website as a favourite so that he could look at it later.李将该网页存为收藏页，如此一来，他就能稍后继续查看了。favorites (US), favourites (UK) npl (internet: list of shortcuts) (互联网)收藏夹This site is so entertaining; I'm going to add it to my favourites.这个网站太有趣了，我要把它加入我的收藏夹。favorite pastime (US), favourite pastime (UK) n (hobby) (英式拼写)喜欢的休闲活动，喜欢的消遣favorite pastime (US), favourite pastime (UK) n figurative (habit)以此为乐，总是喜欢做的事Bothering his sister was his favorite pastime.favoritism (US), favouritism (UK) n uncountable (bias towards person, group)偏袒；偏爱featherbrain, featherhead (US), feather-brain (UK) n informal, figurative, pejorative (foolish person)蠢材；蠢东西；蠢货featherbrain, featherbrained, featherheaded (US), feather-brained (UK) adj informal, figurative, pejorative (foolish, forgetful)蠢的，愚蠢的；健忘的fecal (US), faecal (UK) adj (relating to faeces)糟粕的；渣滓的feces (US), faeces (UK) n (excrement, solid waste)渣滓；排泄物There was feces all over the ground outside the stable.federalization, also UK: federalisation n (process of making federal)实行联邦制federalize, also UK: federalise vi (unite in a federation)结为联邦federalize [sth], also UK: federalise [sth] vtr (cause to be governed by federation)使联邦化；使受联邦管理fellow traveler (US), fellow traveller (UK) n (companion on journey)旅伴My fellow travelers and I were stranded in Amsterdam when the Iceland volcano closed Europe's air space.fellow traveler (US), fellow traveller (UK) n figurative (sympathizer)同志中人；同样的人；有同感的人备注: Often refers to someone sympathetic to the Communist Partly.My opponent is a fellow traveler in league with Moscow.feminize [sth/sb], also UK: feminise [sth/sb] vtr (make [sth], [sb] more feminine)使…更女性化feminize [sth], also UK: feminise [sth] vtr (make women the majority involved)使女性在…占多数；使女性在…参与率更高fender (US), wing (UK) n (car: area above wheel)挡泥板；翼子板Ryan ran into a parked car and damaged the fender.fender (US), mudguard (UK) n (bicycle: shield over wheels) (自行车)挡泥板Kate crashed her bike and bent the fender. I'm thankful for my mudguards every time it rains.凯特不小心撞了自己的自行车，挡泥板折了。每次下雨，我都感谢自己的挡泥板。fertilization, also UK: fertilisation n (insemination)授精fertilization, also UK: fertilisation n (impregnation)受孕；受胎The period of gestation for humans is 9 months from fertilization to birth.fertilization, also UK: fertilization n (of soil)施肥fertilize [sth], also UK: fertilise [sth] vtr (egg: impregnate)使受精Cell division begins about thirty hours after a sperm cell has fertilized an egg.fertilize [sth], also UK: fertilise [sth] vtr (soil: put compost on)给…施肥I fertilize my garden with manure that I buy from a nearby farm.fertilizer, also UK: fertiliser n (substance: feeds soil)肥料We try to use only organic fertilizers in the garden.fertilizer, also UK: fertiliser n (animal: fertilizes [sth]) (生物)授粉者，授精媒介Bees are fertilizers of some local crops.fervor (US), fervour (UK) n (intense emotion, passion) (美式拼法)热情，热诚The pianist is famous for the passion and fervor in his performances.fervor (US), fervour (UK) n rare (intense heat) (美式拼法)炽热In my humiliation, I could feel the fervor of blood rushing to my cheeks.fetal, also UK: foetal adj (of a fetus)胎儿的The researchers are studying fetal development in mice.fetal position, also UK: foetal position n (body position: curled up)蜷起身体；蜷缩起来fetishization, also UK: fetishisation n (making [sth] a sexual obsession)恋物化；拜物化fetishization, also UK: fetishisation n (making [sth] an obsessive interest)盲目迷恋；极度迷恋fetishize [sth], also UK: fetishise [sth] vtr (make [sth] the object of sexual obsession)恋物化；拜物化fetishize [sth], also UK: fetishise [sth] vtr (be obsessive about [sth])盲目迷恋；极度迷恋fetus, also UK: foetus n (unborn baby)胎儿The fetus is visible during the ultrasound.fiber (US), fibre (UK) n often plural (filament)纤维Cotton fibers can be turned into cloth.fiber (US), fibre (UK) n uncountable (dietary roughage) (美式拼法，食物)纤维物质，纤维素A diet high in fiber may help prevent colon cancer.fiber (US), fibre (UK) n (plant tissue)纤维Joe dislikes okra because of the texture of its fibers.fiber (US), fibre (UK) n often plural (muscle tissue)肌肉纤维The disease caused the patient's muscle fibers to deteriorate.；fiber optics (US), fibre optics (UK) n (science: using fibers to transmit light)光纤fiber-optic (US), fiberoptic (US), fibre-optic (UK), fibreoptic (UK) adj (using fibers to transmit light)光纤的fiberboard (US), fibreboard (UK) n (stiff material of bonded fibres) (美式拼写)纤维板fiberglass (US), fibreglass (UK), fiber glass (US), fibre glass (UK) n (material from glass fibres)玻璃纤维, 玻璃丝, 玻璃棉Fiberglass has largely replaced wood as a boat-building material.玻璃纤维已在很大程度上取代木材成为造船材料。fiberglass (US), fibreglass (UK) n as adj (spun from glass fibres)玻璃纤维的, 玻璃丝的I bought a large fiberglass statue at the art fair to put in my garden.我在艺术展览会上买了一尊很大的玻璃纤维材质的雕像并放在我的花园中。fictionalization, also UK: fictionalisation n (storymaking from [sth] factual)对现实事件进行小说化；利用现实素材进行小说创作fictionalize [sth], also UK: fictionalise [sth] vtr (write a dramatized version)将…写成小说The author fictionalized some of the events to protect the privacy of the victims.fidelity program (US), loyalty scheme (UK) n (customer loyalty scheme)忠诚计划，客户忠诚计划The company's fidelity program is very popular with customers.fill up with gas (US), fill up with petrol (UK) v expr informal (petrol tank: fill)加满油Make sure you fill up with petrol before we get to the motorway.filmmaker, also UK: film-maker n (cinema: director)电影导演Before becoming a filmmaker, Shane studied cinematography in college.filmmaker, also UK: film-maker n (cinema: producer)电影制作人；制片人Linda is a Hollywood filmmaker.filmmaker, also UK: film-maker n (cinema: auteur)（具有独特风格的）电影导演The filmmaker will be present at the screening.filmmaking, also UK: film-making n (making movies)电影制作filmmaking, also UK: film-making n as adj (related to making movies)电影制作的filterable, also UK: filtrable adj (capable of being filtered)可过滤的；可滤去的finalization, also UK: finalisation n mainly US (act of concluding) (计划)最终敲定，最终定下；结束，终结Construction will begin after finalization of the plans.finalize [sth], also UK: finalise [sth] vtr (finish, complete)完成；完结；落实Dan finalized the report and sent it to his boss.finalize [sth], also UK: finalise [sth] vtr (conclude, agree)最终议定；最终确定The working group finalized the project schedule.fiscal year end (US), financial year end (UK) n (close of accounting period)财政年度末fire department (US), fire brigade (UK) n (fire-fighting unit)消防署Someone called the fire department after we lit our bonfire. The fire brigade took five hours to put out the house fire.fire marshal (US), fire chief (UK) n (leader of a fire fighting team)消防队长；消防总长The fire chief directs his team during a fire.fire truck (US), fire engine (UK) n (fire fighting vehicle)救火车；消防车Most fire trucks are painted red.firefighting, fire fighting, also UK: fire-fighting n (act of combatting fires)消防；灭火The firefighting went on for days as crews tried to get the wildfires under control.firefighting, fire fighting, also UK: fire-fighting n (fighting fires) (本义)消防，灭火Firefighting is a very dangerous occupation.firefighting, fire fighting, also UK: fire-fighting n figurative (tackling immediate problems) (比喻解决问题)灭火，救火The computer system's so messed up that we spend most of our time on firefighting.firefighting, also UK: fire-fighting n as adj (relating to combatting fires)消防的, 救火的firefighting, also UK: fire-fighting n as adj (relating to efforts to tackle problem)应急的, 救急的firetruck, fire truck (US), fire engine (UK) n (firefighters' vehicle) (美式拼法)救火车，消防车A red firetruck went speeding down the street with the siren on.firstborn, also UK: first-born n (eldest child in family)头胎；长子；长女Are you your parents' first-born?你是父母生的第一胎吗？firstborn, also UK: first-born adj (child: eldest in family)头胎的；最早出生的Their first-born child is a boy.fish stick (US), fish finger (UK) (piece of fish)鱼棒；鱼肉棒fit the mold (US), fit the mould (UK) v expr (match, correspond to)符合；与...匹配；相称fitness center (US), fitness centre (UK) n (gym)健身中心，健身房flash drive, also UK: pen drive n (computer: memory device)闪存盘Every paper I wrote this year is on this flash drive.flash pasteurization, also UK: flash pasteurisation n (heat treatment of foods)高温瞬时巴氏消毒flat tire (US), flat tyre (UK) n (deflated wheel cover on a vehicle) (美式拼法)没气的轮胎，瘪了的轮胎If you drive just a short way with a flat tire, you may have to replace the metal wheel as well.flatcar, flat car (US), flat wagon (UK) n (railway: car with no sides)（铁路上运货用的）平板车flavor (US), flavour (UK) n uncountable (taste)味道；滋味This apple has almost no flavor.这只苹果几乎没有任何味道。flavor (US), flavour (UK) n (variety of taste)口味What flavor is your ice cream? These jellybeans come in a hundred different flavours.你的冰淇淋是什么口味的？这些吉力贝糖豆有一百种不同的口味。flavor (US), flavour (UK) n figurative (type, variety) (款式)风格, 特点, 特色You'll enjoy his radio show, whatever flavor of music you're into.无论你喜欢什么风格音乐，你都会喜欢他的电台节目。flavor (US), flavour (UK) n figurative (initial experience, sense)体验；感觉This introductory session will give you a flavor of what the course is like.这堂引导课将让你对这门课程是什么样的有一个大致的感觉。flavor [sth] (US), flavour [sth] (UK) vtr (food: add seasoning) (食物)给…加调味品，加味于What's the best way to flavor tofu? He flavoured the icing with a few drops of rose water.如何最好地给豆腐调味？他用了几滴玫瑰水给糖霜加味。flavored (US), flavoured (UK) adj (with flavoring added)加有调味料的Flavored milk is full of calcium, but it can also be high in sugar.flavored, -flavored (US), flavoured, -flavoured (UK) adj as suffix (tasting of [sth])…风味的，…口味的备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the nounThe little girl chose a strawberry-flavored milkshake.This liqueur is peach flavoured.flavorful (US), flavourful (UK) adj (tasty)好吃的；美味的；有风味的Even though there was no added sugar, the cake was quite flavorful.flavoring (US), flavouring (UK) n ([sth] added for extra taste)调味品；调味料；香料Maddie adds maple flavoring to cookies to give them a unique flavor.flavoring (US), flavouring (UK) n (seasoning)调味This chicken is bland; did you add any flavoring at all?flavorless (US), flavourless (UK) adj (bland, having little taste)没味道的flavorsome (US), flavoursome (UK) adj (having a rich taste) (美式拼写)美味的，味道好的flesh-colored, flesh colored (US), flesh-coloured, flesh coloured, flesh (UK) adj (peachy in colour)肉色的备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the noun.Sarah bought a flesh-colored bag at the mall.flesh color (US), flesh colour (UK), flesh tint n dated, offensive (color of pale skin)肉色This paint manufacturer has replaced the name "flesh color" with "peach".flesh color (US), flesh colour (UK), flesh tint n (any skin color)肤色This foundation is available in a wide range of flesh colors.flesh color, flesh-color (US), flesh colour, flesh-colour (UK) adj dated, offensive (color of pale skin)肉色的；皮肤色的备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the nounflesh color, flesh-color (US), flesh colour, flesh-colour (UK) adj (any skin color)肤色的备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the nounI prefer flesh-color tights to brightly colored ones.flesh-colored (US), flesh colored (US), flesh-coloured (UK), flesh coloured (UK) adj (peachy)肉色的备注: The hyphen may be omitted when the adjective follows the noun.flextime (US), flexitime (UK) n (flexible working hours)弹性工作时间；灵活的工作时间floor lamp (US), standard lamp (UK) n (standing lamp)落地灯fly, also UK: flies n (clothing: fastening on crotch)裤裆拉链Hey, your fly is down. Zip it up.嘿，你裤裆拉链没拉。拉上去。flyover, (US), fly-past, flypast (UK) n (aircraft: flypast)庆典飞行表演The pilot did a flyover above the children's birthday party.focalize, also UK: focalise vi (focus on [sth])聚焦focalize [sth], also UK: focalise [sth] vtr (bring into focus)聚焦于focusing, also UK: focussing n (camera, lens: adjusting) (相机、镜头)对焦The focusing of the camera is a straightforward process.focusing, also UK: focussing adj (camera, lens: adjusting) (相机、镜头)对焦的Mike adjusted the focusing control on the camera.focusing, also UK: focussing n (concentrating on [sth])专注；集中；聚焦Editing involves the focusing of all your attention on the smallest details.food coloring (US), food colouring (UK) n (edible dye)食用色素Cookies often get their colours from food colouring.Beet juice is a natural red food coloring.football (UK), soccer (US) n uncountable (ball sport: association football)足球Yes, he plays football; he is a goalkeeper. Pele played soccer for Brazil.是的，他踢足球。他是守门员。usage: ‘football’ In Britain, football is a game played between two teams who kick a round ball around a field in an attempt to score goals. In America, this game is called soccer.We met a group of Italian football fans.There was a lot of pressure on the US soccer team.football (US), American football (UK) n uncountable (North American ball sport)橄榄球Yes, he plays football; he is a quarterback.是的，他打橄榄球。他打四分位。football (AU), Australian rules football (US, UK) n uncountable (Australian ball sport)澳式足球Joe plays football for Essendon.乔为埃森登澳式足球俱乐部效力。football (UK), soccer ball (US) n (sports: round ball)足球He kicked the football into the goal.他把足球踢进了球门。football (US), American football, American football ball (UK) n (sports: oblong ball)橄榄球He threw the football to his friend.他把橄榄球扔给了朋友。football boot (UK), football shoe (UK), soccer shoe (US) n usually plural (sports shoe with studded soles)足球鞋I need some new football boots because mine are falling apart.football cleat (UK), soccer cleat (US) n usually plural (stud on a footballer's shoes)足球鞋底的安全钉；鞋钉football cleat (UK), soccer cleat (US) n usually plural (footballer's shoe)足球鞋；钉鞋football club (UK), soccer club (US) n (soccer)足球俱乐部The local football club organises a tournament every year.当地足球俱乐部每年都会组织一次锦标赛。football coach, football manager (UK), soccer coach (US) n (soccer: trainer, manager)足球教练football coach (US), American football coach (UK) n (trainer of American football team)橄榄球教练football fan (UK), soccer fan (US) n (person who enjoys watching soccer)足球球迷My sister is a keen football fan.football fan (US), American football fan (UK) n (person who enjoys American football)橄榄球球迷He's a diehard football fan; if he's not at the game, he's watching it on TV.football field (UK), soccer field (US) n (for soccer)足球场The injured player was carried off the football field on a stretcher.football field (US), American football field (UK) n (for American football)橄榄球场I drove the length of a football field before my car broke down.我开车驶过了一个橄榄球场的距离，车就抛锚了。football match, football game (UK), soccer match, soccer game (US) n (soccer match)足球比赛Chelsea won the football game 2-0.football game (US), American football game (UK) n (American football match)橄榄球比赛The Super Bowl is the final football game of the professional league season.football kit (UK), soccer kit (US) n (outfit worn to play soccer)一套足球服football pitch (UK), soccer pitch (US) n (ground where soccer is played)足球场The football pitch was waterlogged so the match had to be postponed.The ship is as long as four football pitches.football player (UK), soccer player (US) n (sportsperson: plays football)足球运动员；球员Some professional football players are paid ridiculous sums of money.football practice (UK), soccer practice (US) n (soccer training)足球训练football practice (US), American football practice (UK) n (American football training)橄榄球训练football season (UK), soccer season (US) n (soccer)足球赛季football season (US), American football season (UK) n (American football)橄榄球赛季football shorts (UK), soccer shorts (US) npl (short trousers worn to play soccer)足球短裤football team (UK), soccer team (US) n (soccer players)足球队football team (US), American football team (UK) n (American football players)橄榄球队football tournament (UK), soccer tournament (US) n (soccer competition)足球锦标赛footpath, also UK: footway n (pavement, sidewalk)人行道Don't walk in the road; please stay on the footpath.footscraper (US), foot scraper, mud-scraper (UK) n (tool that removes mud from shoes)刮鞋板；刮足垫forced retirement (US), compulsory retirement (UK) n (from work)强迫退休；强制退休foreign exchange program (US), foreign exchange programme (UK) n (students' overseas study scheme)国际交换生项目，留学交流项目A foreign exchange program is an excellent way of learning about the culture and people of another country.formalization, also UK: formalisation n (making [sth] official)正式化This contract represents the formalization of the two parties' agreement.formalize [sth] (US), formalise [sth] (UK) vtr (make [sth] official)正式化We can begin as soon as we formalize the arrangement on paper.正式在书面上订下协议后，我们就可以马上开始了。formalize [sth] (US), formalise [sth] (UK) vtr (give [sth] a definite shape)使...成形；敲定formalized, also UK: formalised adj (made official)正式的The formalized agreement will come into effect next month.formalized, also UK: formalised adj (given definite shape)正式化的Marcos wrote a formalized plan for the essay.Fortune favors the brave (US), Fortune favours the brave (UK) expr (To succeed, take risks)命运青睐勇者；天佑勇者Go ahead and accept the job in France; fortune favours the brave.fossilization, also UK: fossilisation n (process of turning to mineral)化石化；变为化石的过程fossilization, also UK: fossilisation n figurative (process of becoming rigid, out of date)顽固化；思想僵化fossilize [sth], also UK: fossilise [sth] vtr (preserve [sth] in mineral form)使…成为化石fossilize, also UK: fossilise vi (be preserved in mineral form)成为化石；化石化Over the course of many centuries, the remains had fossilized.fossilize, also UK: fossilise vi figurative (become antiquated, inflexible) (比喻)固化，僵化；教条化fossilized, also UK: fossilised adj (preserved in mineral form)石化的，成为化石的Archaeologists have discovered the fossilized remains of a dinosaur.fossilized, also UK: fossilised adj figurative (incapable of change)僵化的，陈腐的Foreign language learners sometimes develop fossilized errors.fossilized, also UK: fossilised adj figurative (outdated)陈旧的，过时的foul odor (US), foul odour (UK) n (nasty smell)恶臭；难闻的气味I wish I could find out what's causing that foul odor in my bedroom.foulmouthed (US), foul-mouthed (UK) adj figurative (using vulgar language)言语粗俗的, 满口污言秽语的He apologised for his foul-mouthed outburst, saying his anger had been no excuse.他为自己骂脏话而道歉，说他的愤怒并不能作为借口。four-color process (US), four-colour process (UK) n (four-hue printing method) (美式拼法)四色印刷frame-up, also UK: fit-up n figurative (plot to incriminate [sb] innocent)诬陷；栽赃陷害The boy said it was a frame-up, and that his sister had eaten the cookies.He was the victim of a frame-up: the police had planted evidence in his car.fraternization, also UK: fraternisation n (socializing, associating with [sb])亲兄弟般的友好往来；友好往来fraternize, also UK: fraternise vi (socialize)友好交往；友好往来fraternize with [sb], also UK: fraternise with [sb] vi + prep (associate with [sb])与…友好交往；与…友好来往freight train (US), goods train (UK) n (railway train that carries cargo)货运列车The passenger train was delayed in order to allow a freight train to pass.French and Indian War, UK: Seven Years' War n (18th-century war) (18世纪的战争)法国印第安人战争England took control of Quebec in the French and Indian War.French twist (US), French pleat (UK) n (pinned-up hairstyle)法式盘发，法式髻French pleats were very popular in the 1940s.cool as a cucumber (UK), as cool as a cucumber (UK), fresh as a cucumber (US) adj informal (calm and relaxed)沉着冷静的，镇定自若的frog legs (US), frogs' legs (UK) npl (thigh meat of frog)田鸡腿；蛙腿In France frogs' legs are considered a delicacy, but not in England.front organization, also UK: front organisation n (business: cover-up) (非法活动的)掩护组织frozen yogurt, also UK: frozen yoghurt n (dessert)冻酸奶；酸奶冰淇淋fruitcake, also UK: fruit cake n (cake made with fruit)水果蛋糕Leah received three fruitcakes at Christmas.ft. (US), ft (UK) n written, abbreviation (fort)要塞, 城堡；营地, 驻地备注: "Ft." is capitalized when part of a name (for example, "Ft. Sheridan").gas tank (US), petrol tank (UK), fuel tank n (vehicle's petrol storage container)油箱An explosion may occur if the fuel tank ruptures.fulfill [sth] (US), fulfil [sth] (UK) vtr (meet: an obligation) (义务)履行You will be paid when you've fulfilled your contractual obligations.你将在履行合同所规定的义务后得到报酬。fulfill [sth] (US), fulfil [sth] (UK) vtr (keep: a promise) (承诺)实现，履行He eventually fulfilled his promise and paid back the money.他最终履行了诺言，偿还了那笔钱。fulfill [sth] (US), fulfil [sth] (UK) vtr (fill, satisfy: a need) (需求)满足This room should fulfill your needs but let us know if it doesn't.这间房子应该能满足你的需求了，如若不能，还请告知我们。fulfill [sth] (US), fulfil [sth] (UK) vtr (satisfy: a dream, wish) (梦想、愿望等)实现It took Lana years to fulfil her dreams of becoming a full-time novelist.拉娜花了数年时间才实现成为一名全职小说家的梦想。fulfill [sb] (US), fulfil [sb] (UK) vtr (satisfy)使…满意I can't say my job at the supermarket really fulfills me.我不能说在超市的工作很令我满意。fulfill the terms of [sth] (US), fulfil the terms of [sth] (UK) v expr (comply with conditions)履行…条款；遵守…条件If you fail to fulfill the terms of the contract, you may be sued for breach of contract.fulfillment (US), fulfilment (UK) n (accomplishment)实现；完成Spending the summer on the island was the fulfillment of a dream.在那座岛上度夏是梦想的实现。fulfillment (US), fulfilment (UK) n (meeting requirements)履行； (要求等)达成All goods must be delivered on time for fulfillment of the contract.所有货物必须按时交付，合同的要求才算是达成。fulfillment (US), fulfilment (UK) n (feeling: satisfaction)满足感Though he has a good job and loving family, he lacks fulfillment.虽然他有一份好工作，也有一个相亲相爱的家庭，但他还是缺乏满足感。full color (US), full colour (UK) n (printing process)全色印刷备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the nounIt's rare to find such an old magazine printed in full colour.full color, full-color (US), full colour, full-colour (UK) adj (printed in color)全色印刷的Almost all magazines these days are full-color.full color, full-color (US), full colour, full-colour (UK) adj (with full range of hues)全色的；五彩的full-fledged, also UK: fully fledged adj (achieved rank)有充分资格的John was finally a full-fledged professor.full-fledged, also UK: fully fledged adj (completely developed)充分发展的；完全发展的If you catch the symptoms early enough, you can prevent full-fledged pneumonia from developing.fully realized, also UK: fully realised adj (achieved)完全实现的；完全成功的To win the Academy Award is the epitome of a fully realized acting career.fundraising, also UK: fund-raising n (making money for a cause)筹集资金We rely on fundraising to keep our services going.Our fundraising has earned us $1000 for our charity.fundraising, also UK: fund-raising adj (making money for a cause)筹款的；集资的We are going to a fundraising dinner tonight.今晚，我们将要组织一场筹款晚宴。fundraising dinner, also UK: fund-raising dinner n (charity banquet)慈善宴会；筹款宴会I need to sell as many tickets as possible for the charity's fundraising dinner.fundraising program (US), fundraising programme (UK) n (charity operation or scheme)筹款活动The charity set up a fundraising program for victims of the earthquake.funeral home, funeral parlor (US), funeral parlour (UK), funeral chapel n (mortuary: burials and cremations)殡仪馆furor (US), furore (UK) n (uproar, outcry)怒气；狂怒The accusations against the beloved actor raised a furor.gabardine, also UK: gaberdine n (thick woven fabric)华达呢布料gabardine, also UK: gaberdine n as adj (made of gabardine fabric)华达呢布料的gain weight (US), put on weight (UK) vtr + n (get fatter, heavier)增加体重；长胖Most college students gain weight during their first year of school. I've put on so much weight, my trousers won't do up!多数大学学生在学习第一年中会长胖。我长胖了好多，裤子都穿不上了！gallows humor (US), gallows humour (UK) n (macabre jokes)化解危机或打破僵局的幽默；黑色幽默；黑色幽默The medical examiner relies on gallows humor to deal with the nature of her work.galvanization, also UK: galvanisation n (stimulus to take action)促使…采取行动的刺激；刺激物galvanization, also UK: galvanisation n (coating with zinc)镀锌；镀上锌层galvanize [sth], also UK: galvanise [sth] vtr often passive (metal: cover with plating)给...镀锌This pipe has been galvanized, so it's ideal for our project.这条管道经过了镀锌处理，使我们项目的理想选择。galvanize [sb], also UK: galvanise [sb] vtr figurative (spur to action)刺激；振奋；激将The new manager's enthusiasm has galvanized the team.galvanize [sb] to do [sth], also UK: galvanise [sb] to do [sth] v expr figurative (spur to take action)刺激某人做某事；激励某人做某事Her coworkers' enthusiasm galvanized Nora to finish the project.galvanize [sb] into [sth], also UK: galvanise [sb] into [sth] v expr figurative (spur into taking action)刺激某人做某事；激励某人做某事The teacher's speech galvanized the students into improving on their work significantly.老师的言辞激励了学生，让他们作业获得了大幅度的提高。galvanizing, also UK: galvanising n (coating with zinc)镀锌；镀锌处理galvanizing, also UK: galvanising adj (coating with zinc)镀锌的A galvanizing spray is applied to protect the steel from corrosion.galvanizing, also UK: galvanising adj figurative (motivating: people)激励的，刺激的garbage bag (US), bin bag, black bag, rubbish bag (UK) n (bin liner, refuse sack)垃圾袋I tied up the garbage bag and took it outside.garbage can (US), trash can (US), dustbin (UK), bin (UK) n (curbside waste collection container)垃圾桶；垃圾收集箱Residents should put their garbage cans on the curb on Thursday mornings.居民应当在周四早晨将垃圾收集箱放在路边，等待收集。garbage can (US), trash can (US), bin (UK), rubbish bin (UK) n (household waste container) (家用)垃圾桶；垃圾箱The bathroom trash can needs emptying.我们需要清空浴室的垃圾桶。garbage chute (US), rubbish chute (UK) n (for garbage disposal)垃圾卸槽I live in a tall building; we're not supposed to use the garbage chute after 8 pm.garbage collection (US), refuse collection, rubbish collection (UK) n (refuse pickup)垃圾收集；垃圾回收On garbage collection day, I put out one bin of trash and one of recyclables.garbage collector (US), refuse collector (UK) n US (person who collects refuse)收垃圾的人Garbage collectors do an essential job.garbage dump (US), rubbish dump, rubbish tip (UK) n (place where refuse is disposed of)垃圾堆Some towns don't provide garbage collection; residents must take their trash to the town garbage dump.We took all our old furniture to the rubbish dump.garbage heap (US), rubbish heap, rubbish pile (UK) n (pile of refuse)垃圾堆garbage heap (US), rubbish dump, rubbish tip (UK) n (place to dump refuse)垃圾堆garbage truck (US), rubbish truck, bin lorry (UK) n (refuse collection vehicle)垃圾车They put their trash out by the street so that the garbage truck can take it to the landfill.garden hose, also UK: hosepipe n (for water)花园浇水用塑料管I have to attach the garden hose to the outdoor tap in order to water my garden.garter belt (US), suspender belt (UK) n (belt that holds up stockings)吊袜腰带；吊袜带When I was young, panty hose hadn't been invented and women wore garter belts and stockings.garter strap (US), suspender strap (UK) n often plural (strap that holds up stockings)吊袜带gas pump (US), petrol pump (UK) n (fuel dispenser for vehicles)加油机gas station (US), petrol station (UK), filling station n (sells gasoline for cars)加油站Where's the nearest gas station? I'm almost on empty. I stopped at a petrol station to buy petrol and check my tyre pressure.最近的加油站在哪里？我的车快没油了，所以我去了一趟加油站加油，还检查了一下轮胎气压。gas station attendant (US), petrol pump attendant (UK) n (person who works petrol pumps)加油站服务人员I can't remember the last time I saw a petrol pump attendant in the UK.gas-driven (US), petrol-driven (UK) adj (powered by gas)燃气的I predict that within my lifetime the gas-driven automobile will be obsolete.gasoline (US), petrol (UK) n (vehicle fuel)汽油It smelled like gasoline in the garage.Tim ran out of petrol and had to call the breakdown company.gasoline engine (US), petrol engine (UK) n (motor that runs on petrol)汽油引擎；汽油发动机The gasoline engines in cars are one of the causes of global warming.Our lawn mower has a petrol engine.gasoline pump attendant (US), petrol pump attendant (UK) n (person who works gas pumps)汽油泵工人Self service has made gasoline pump attendants a thing of the past.gauge swatch (US), tension square (UK) n (knitting: test square) (编织)小样备注: 编织毛衣等前，先织一块小样来查看选用的针号和毛线是否能得到理想效果。Knitting a gauge swatch before you begin a project can save a lot of time and frustration.gearshift, shift lever (US), gearstick, gear stick, gear lever (UK) n (vehicle's manual transmission) (车辆的)变速杆I always waggle the gear stick before starting the engine, to make sure it is in neutral.This car's gearshift is on the steering column.发动引擎前，我总是会摇一摇变速杆，确保变速杆处于中心位置。// 这辆车的变速杆在转向轴上。general anesthesia (US), general anaesthesia (UK) n (induced unconsciousness)全身麻醉；全麻The patient will be under general anesthesia during his surgery.general anesthetic (US), general anaesthetic (UK) n (medicine: makes you unconscious)全身麻醉；全麻You will always receive a general anesthetic before major surgery.generalization, also UK: generalisation n (being simplistic)笼统化；普遍化；泛泛归纳Saying that everyone likes ice cream is a generalization; I'm sure there are lots of people who don't like it.generalization, also UK: generalisation n (simplistic statement)笼统的说法；笼统的概述I'm tired of the boss's generalizations; I want to know specific information about the budget.generalization, stimulus generalization, also UK: generalisation, stimulus generalisation n (psychology)刺激泛化The psychology students are learning about conditioning and generalization.generalize, also UK: generalise vi (present [sth/sb] as universal)将…普遍化；将...统一化；一概而论Students should be careful not to generalize in their essays; they should, instead, present carefully researched facts.学生们应注意，不要在自己的作文中做一概而论，而是应当提出generalize about [sth], also UK: generalise about [sth] vi + prep (be unspecific)笼统地表达；概括性表述Sam would only generalize about the situation; he gave no specific details.get around doing [sth], also UK: get round doing [sth] v expr (avoid doing)规避；逃避；避开The politician got around answering the question by changing the subject.The businessman got around paying his taxes by using a loophole in the law.那个政客换了话题来回避回答这个问题。//这个商人钻法律的空子以规避税务。get cozy (US), get cosy (UK) vi + adj (make yourself comfortable)使舒适；感到舒适get cozy with [sb] (US), get cosy with [sb] (UK) v expr figurative, informal (ingratiate yourself with [sb])与...交好；迎合get into everything, also UK: be into everything v expr informal (small child: be curious)对什么都好奇I don't dare turn my back on the two-year-old for a minute; he's into everything!get takeout, get takeout food (US), get a take-away, get a takeout, get a take-out (UK) v expr informal (order food to go)买外卖get the ax (US), get the axe (UK) v expr figurative, informal (be fired, lose your job)被开除；被炒鱿鱼Bob was worried he would be the next person in the office to get the axe.get the ax (US), get the axe (UK) v expr figurative, informal (TV show, etc.: be cancelled) (电视节目等)被取消getup (US), get-up (UK) n slang (clothing)服装；衣服；穿戴She looks awful in that get-up!她穿那套衣服看起来太丑了！get with the program (US), get with the programme (UK) v expr informal (conform, fall into line)按计划行事；顺应潮流This is the way we do things here, so you need to either get with the programme or find a different job.get your panties in a bunch (US), get your knickers in a twist (UK) v expr informal (get upset)对...过分沮丧；因...而过分紧张ghettoization, also UK: ghettoisation n (process of becoming ghetto)强迫集中隔离居住ghettoize [sb], also UK: ghettoise [sb] vtr (isolate in a ghetto)使集中隔离居住the gift of gab (US), the gift of the gab (UK) n informal (ability to speak well)口才；巧舌如簧Tim has the gift of the gab; he can sweet-talk anybody.gingersnap, UK: gingernut n (biscuit flavored with ginger)姜味饼干Gypsy, also UK: Gipsy n UK, potentially offensive (Romani traveller)吉普赛人Gipsies are famous for their traveling caravans.Gypsy, also UK: Gipsy adj UK, potentially offensive (relating to the Romanies)吉普赛人的Father was surprised when a Gipsy girl appeared at the door.Girl Scout (US), Girl Guide (UK) n (member of girls' youth group)女童子军队员I was a Girl Scout when I was young.give [sb] a handout, give a handout to [sb], also UK: give [sb] a hand-out, give a hand-out to [sb] v expr (give financial aid)提供资金援助give [sb] a raise, give a raise to [sb] (US), give [sb] a rise, give a rise to [sb] (UK) v expr informal (increase [sb]'s pay)给…加薪，给…涨工资give [sb] a ride, give a ride to [sb] (US), give [sb] a lift, give a lift to [sb] (UK) v expr informal (take in car)送…；让…搭车I'll give you a ride to the airport.give [sb] the brushoff (US), give [sb] the brush-off (UK) v expr figurative, slang (snub [sb]) (某人)忽视；轻视；忽略；不理睬give [sth] the brushoff (US), give [sth] the brush-off (UK) v expr figurative, slang (idea: reject, dismiss) (想法等)不理睬；拒绝；忽视glamorization, also UK: glamorisation n (glorifying, idealizing [sth])赋予魅力；美化glamorize [sth], also UK: glamorise [sth], glamourize [sth], glamourise [sth] vtr (portray in a glorified way)美化Sandy thinks that TV shows shouldn't glamorize teenage pregnancy.glassblower (US), glass-blower (UK) n (craftsperson who shapes glass)吹玻璃工匠glassblowing (US), glass-blowing (UK) n (art of shaping glass)吹玻璃工艺glassblowing (US), glass-blowing (UK) n as adj (relating to glassblowing)玻璃吹制的globalization, also UK: globalisation n (worldwide commerce) (商务)全球化Globalization means we must compete with workers everywhere.globalization, also UK: globalisation n (making universal)全球化The globalization of credit makes finance much more complicated.globalize [sth], also UK: globalise [sth] vtr (expand [sth] worldwide)使 ... 全球化globalize, also UK: globalise vi (business: expand worldwide)全球化glocalization, also UK: glocalisation n (business: combining local and global)全球在地化；全球本地化glove box, also UK: glove compartment n (small storage compartment in a car) (汽车中的)手套箱备注: 车中存放小件物品的一个储物空间，常位于副驾驶腿部位置。Keep your insurance policy in your vehicle's glove box.glycemia (US), glycaemia (UK) n (medicine: glucose in the blood) (医学)血糖glycemic (US), glycaemic (UK) adj (relating to blood sugar)血糖的go around [sth], also UK: go round [sth] vi + prep (encircle, surround)环绕，围绕I had grown so fat that none of my belts would go around my waist.我长得太胖了，所有的皮带都小了，系不上腰。go around [sth], also UK: go round [sth] vi + prep (change path to avoid hitting [sth])绕开；避开The radio advised of heavy traffic downtown, so we went around the city instead.广播提示说市中心交通拥堵，所以我们转而绕开了城镇。go get (US), go and get (UK) v expr informal (fetch)去拿；去取Would you please go get the bag I left behind in the car?go gray, turn gray (US), go grey, turn grey (UK) vi + adj (person: have graying hair) (人)头发变灰白He began to turn grey in his early 40s.go gray, turn gray (US), go grey, turn grey (UK) vi + adj (hair: be graying) (头发)变灰白go into labor (US), go into labour (UK) v expr (start giving birth)分娩；阵痛go off on a tangent, also UK: go off at a tangent v expr figurative (digress, change subject)忽然离题；忽然转换话题go on vacation (US), go on holiday (UK) v expr (take a break away from home)度假go out the window (US), go out of the window (UK) v expr figurative (be discarded or wasted)被抛弃Our vacation plans went out the window when Dad lost his job.go snorkeling (US), go snorkelling (UK) v expr (swim with air tube and mask)去浮潜We went snorkeling when we were on holiday.go traveling (US), go travelling (UK) v expr (tour different countries)去旅行goat cheese (US), goat's cheese (UK) n (dairy product)羊奶酪She made an unusual pizza with goat cheese and sun dried tomatoes.goat milk (US), goat's milk (UK) n (dairy product obtained from goats)山羊奶Feta is made from goat's milk.goiter (US), goitre (UK) n (swollen thyroid)甲状腺肿大Don went to the doctor to receive treatment for his goiter.gonorrhea (US), gonorrhoea (UK) n (sexually transmitted disease) (一种性病)淋病Apparently, Sam went to the doctor because he's suffering from gonorrhea.gonorrheal (US), gonorrhoeal (UK) adj (relating to gonorrhea)淋病的good behavior (US), good behaviour (UK) n (child: not misbehaving) (孩子)规矩的行为，言行规矩Billy got a sticker for his good behavior today at school.good behavior (US), good behaviour (UK) n (prisoner: good conduct) (犯人服刑期间)表现好I expect that he will have his prison term reduced for good behaviour.good humor (US), good humour (UK) n (cheerful mood)好心情；愉快的情绪When the sun is shining, it puts me in good humour.good neighbor (US), good neighbour (UK) n (helpful person)好邻居It is important to be a good neighbour and to recognize how we affect the community in which we live.good-humored (US), good-humoured (UK) adj (with a pleasant disposition)脾气好的gormandize, also UK: gormandise vi formal (eat greedily)狼吞虎咽；大快朵颐；饕餮The chef peered through the tiny window, watching the diners gormandizing.透过小窗，大厨看着用餐者们大快朵颐。gormandize [sth], also UK: gormandise [sth] vtr formal (eat [sth] greedily)狼吞虎咽；贪婪地吃Having not eaten the previous day, the man gormandized a huge plateful of food.那个人第一天什么东西都没吃，所以狼吞虎咽，吃下了一大盘食物。graduate (US), postgraduate (UK) n (student taking advanced degree)研究生The graduates are studying for their Masters of Science.研究生们正在攻读理学硕士学位。graduate (US), postgraduate (UK) adj (of studies after BA)硕士或博士研究生的；攻读硕士或博士学位的Stephen is going to Harvard to do graduate studies in political science.史蒂芬要到哈佛大学攻读政治学研究生学位。graduate education (US), postgraduate education (UK) n (studies higher than degree level)研究生教育After I obtain my Bachelor of Arts degree I'll be going on to graduate education.graduate school (US), postgraduate school (UK) n (university division)研究生院What do you intend to do after finishing graduate school?从研究生院毕业后，你有何打算？graduate student (US), postgraduate student (UK) n (postgraduate-level student)研究生I'm working as a teaching assistant to support myself as a graduate student in order to get an advanced degree.graduate studies (US), postgraduate studies (UK) npl (education after bachelor's degree)研究生；硕士graduate training (US), postgraduate training (UK) n (practical study)毕业实习graphic organizer, also UK: graphic organiser n (schematic, flow diagram)示意图, 原理图；流程图grass-roots organization, grassroots organization, also UK: grass-roots organisation, also UK: grassroots organisation n (local political group)基层组织gray (US), grey (UK) n (silvery color)灰色；灰白色See if they have that same coat in grey.看看他们是否有同样的灰色外套。gray (US), grey (UK) n (gray area: good and bad)灰色地带Not everything is good or bad, there are many shades of gray.并非所有事都是非黑即白的，还存在许多灰色地带。gray (US), grey (UK) adj (silvery in color)灰色的，灰白的A gray blazer would work with that shirt.灰色西装外套配那件衬衫正好。gray (US), grey (UK) adj (sky, weather: dull)阴天的；阴郁的；阴沉的How grey the sky looks today!今天的天空看起来多么阴沉啊！gray (US), grey (UK) adj (hair: silver, white)头发花白的；头发斑白的Marsha's hair is iron gray.玛莎的头发花白。gray (US), grey (UK) adj (person: grey hair)头发灰白的Joanne's mother is only 30 but she is already gray.乔安妮的母亲只有30岁，但她的头发已经灰白了。gray (US), grey (UK) vi (person: have grey hair)头发变白；生白发；头发变斑白Steve looks much older since he started graying.自从史蒂夫头发开始变白以来，他就看起来老多了。gray (US), grey (UK) vi (hair: turn grey)变成灰色；变得灰暗My hair is starting to gray, even though I'm only in my twenties.虽然我才二十几岁，不过我的头发已经开始变灰了。gray (US), grey (UK) vi (grow older, age)变老；年纪变大gray (US), grey (UK) n (horse)灰色的马，灰马Jenny had always wanted a horse, and her rich uncle bought her a beautiful gray when she was 15.珍妮一直想要一匹马，她十五岁的时候，有钱的叔叔就给她买了一匹美丽的灰马。gray area (US), grey area (UK) n (uncertain, unclear issue)灰色地带18th-century British history is a bit of a grey area for me.gray fox (US), grey fox (UK) n (American fox with gray fur)灰狐gray hair (US), grey hair (UK) n (hair: gray from age or stress)白发；灰白的头发gray matter (US), grey matter (UK) n (brain tissue) (大脑)灰白质，灰质gray matter (US), grey matter (UK) n figurative (brains, intelligence)头脑；智力gray-out, grayout (US), grey-out, greyout (UK) n (computer: disabling feature)变灰The gray-out shows you which options are unavailable.gray-out, grayout (US), grey-out, greyout (UK) n (person: faded vision)灰视She experienced a gray-out after exercising too hard.gray scale sonography, grayscale sonography (US), grey scale sonography (UK) n (black-and-white ultrasound imaging)灰阶超声成像；黑白超声成像gray whale (US), grey whale (UK) n (large sea mammal)灰鲸Individual gray whales can be identified by their characteristic scar patterns.gray wolf (US), grey wolf (UK) n (timber wolf)灰狼Various subspecies of the gray wolf were once found across much of North America.gray-haired (US), grey-haired (UK) adj (with white, silver hair)头发灰白的That gray-haired gentleman is so distinguished looking!graybeard (US), greybeard (UK) n figurative (old man)老人；胡子花白的人graybeard (US), greybeard (UK) n archaic (earthenware jug)土制酒壶；graying (US), greying (UK) adj (hair: turning gray) (头发)发白的，变灰白的，Ian's graying hair makes him look older than his 32 years.graying (US), greying (UK) adj (person: with hair turning gray)头发花白的grayish (US), greyish (UK) adj (tinged with gray)淡灰色的；发灰的Adam's face had a sickly, grayish tinge.grayness (US), greyness (UK) n (gray color)灰色；灰白grayscale (US), greyscale (UK) n (color scale)灰度grease the wheels, grease the way, grease the skids (US), oil the wheels (UK) v expr figurative (make [sth] go more smoothly)使事情更为顺利进行；疏通关系Richard's friend greased the wheels a little to help him get his job application processed early.grease the wheels for [sb], grease the way for [sb] (US), oil the wheels for [sb] (UK) v expr figurative (make [sth] go more smoothly for [sb])使某人顺利进行grease the wheels of [sth] (US), oil the wheels of [sth] (UK) v expr (make [sth] go more smoothly)使某事顺利进行grief counselor (US), grief counsellor (UK) n (bereavement therapist)丧亲咨询师grilled cheese sandwich (US), toasted cheese sandwich, cheese toastie (UK) n (cheese in toast slices)碎奶酪三明治Emily ordered a grilled cheese sandwich with tomatoes and fries.grocery cart, shopping cart (US), shopping trolley (UK) n (shopping trolley)购物车ground beef (US), minced beef, beef mince (UK) n (minced cattle meat)碎牛肉；牛肉末The meat for ground beef usually comes from several different cows.用来做碎牛肉的肉往往来自不同的牛。ground meat (US), minced meat (UK) n (finely chopped beef, lamb, etc.)肉末；碎肉，绞肉ground pork (US), pork mince, minced pork (UK) n (finely chopped pig meat)猪肉末groundbreaking, also UK: ground-breaking adj figurative (revolutionary, innovative) (比喻)突破性的，开创性的He received the Nobel Prize for his groundbreaking research in genetics.由于在遗传学方面开创性的研究，他荣获诺贝尔奖。groundbreaking, also UK: ground-breaking n (start of building project)破土；动工groundcloth, also UK: groundsheet n (fabric for covering ground)防潮布groveler (US), groveller (UK) n pejorative (person who begs or pleads) (美式拼法)卑躬屈膝的人，乞怜者groveling (US), grovelling (UK) n (obsequious behavior)卑躬屈膝groveling (US), grovelling (UK) adj (obsequious)卑躬屈膝的grueling (US), gruelling (UK) adj (arduous, exhausting)极度疲劳的After a grueling climb to the top of the mountain, the hikers rested.guard of honor, honor guard (US), guard of honour, honour guard (UK) n (escort)仪队；荣誉卫队；仪仗队guest of honor (US), guest of honour (UK) n (person for whom gathering is held)贵宾；贵客Prince Faisal was the guest of honor at today's presidential dinner.guesthouse, also UK: guest house, guest-house n (boarding house or inn)小旅馆My parents stayed in a nearby guest house while visiting us for three weeks.guesthouse, also UK: guest house, guest-house n (outbuilding for guests)客房Grandma and Grandpa will stay in the guesthouse when they visit.gynec, gyneco (US), gynaec, gynaeco (UK) prefix (woman)女性For example: gynarchy, gynaecologistgynecological, gynecologic (US), gynaecological, gynaecologic (UK) adj (of female reproductive system)妇产科医学的；妇科的gynecologist (US), gynaecologist (UK) n (type of doctor)妇科医生Belinda is in med school and studying to become a gynecologist.gynecology (US), gynaecology (UK) n (field of medicine)妇科医学hair color (US), hair colour (UK) n (shade)头发的颜色；发色Teenage girls often change their hair color experimentally.hair color (US), hair colour (UK) n (product: dye)染发剂hair dryer, hair drier (US), hairdryer, hairdrier (UK) n (device for drying hair)电吹风；吹风机；干发器I don't use my hair dryer in the summer, but I'm glad to have it in the winter!a hairbreadth (US), a hair's breadth (UK) n figurative (minute gap or margin) (美式拼法，比喻)毫厘之差的，距离极短的，间隙极小的，一发之差的，hairpin turn, hairpin curve (US), hairpin bend (UK) n (road: sharp bend)（道路上）惊险的转弯That mountain road is full of hairpin turns next to sheer cliffs.hairspray, also UK: hair lacquer n (lacquer for styling hair)发胶；喷发定型剂The stylist finished by spraying the client's hair with hairspray.half brother (mainly US), half-brother (mainly UK) n (male sibling by one parent)同母异父的哥哥；同母异父的弟弟；同父异母的哥哥；同父异母的弟弟My half-brother and I have different fathers.half note (US), minim (UK) n (music: half a whole note) (音乐)半音；半调Four eighth notes are as long as one half note.half sister (mainly US), half-sister (mainly UK) n (female sibling by one parent)同父异母的妹妹；同父异母的姐姐；同母异父的妹妹；同母异父的姐姐My half-sister's 15 years younger than me.half-assed (US), half-arsed (UK) adj slang (incomplete or unenthusiastic)不完整的；不热心的halfback, also UK: half-back n (American football position)中场halfback, also UK: half-back n (American football player) (美式足球)前卫halfback, also UK: half-back n (rugby position: fly-half) (橄榄球选手位置)传锋halfback, also UK: half-back n (rugby player: fly-half) (橄榄球)跑位前卫，接锋halfback, also UK: half-back n (rugby position: scrum-half) (橄榄球)中位halfback, also UK: half-back n (rugby player: scrum-half) (橄榄球)争球前卫，传锋halfback, also UK: half-back n (soccer position) (足球)中卫；半位halfback, also UK: half-back n (soccer player) (足球)前卫halfhearted (US), half-hearted (UK) adj figurative (unenthusiastic) (比喻)半心半意的，不热心的，不认真的，兴趣不大的，不踊跃的halfheartedly (US), half-heartedly (UK) adv (without enthusiasm)心不在焉的，无兴趣的Archie does his homework halfheartedly, and it shows in the poor quality of his writing.halfheartedness (US), half-heartedness (UK) n (lack of enthusiasm)兴趣不大，缺乏热情hand ax (US), hand axe, hand-axe (UK) n (ax for one hand)手斧hand ax (US), hand axe, hand-axe (UK) n (archeology: prehistoric stone tool) (史前工具)石斧hand puppet (US), glove puppet (UK) n (puppet worn like a glove)手偶；手套式布偶hand sanitizer, also UK: hand sanitiser n (disinfectant: gel, etc.)手部消毒剂；手部杀菌剂；洗手液hand truck (US), sack truck (UK) n (2-wheeled trolley)手推车Sally used a hand truck to move the heavy boxes.莎莉用手推车来搬运重箱子。handlebar mustache (US), handlebar moustache (UK) n (long curled moustache)八字胡handout, also UK: hand-out n (information sheet)宣传单；讲义；资料The handout says you have to register online.The secretary ensured there were enough copies of the handout for everyone who would be attending the meeting.宣传单上说你须要在网上注册。// 秘书确保了资料的份数够所有与会人员人手一份。handout, also UK: hand-out n ([sth] given to beggar)施舍物；施舍品The street was lined with homeless people seeking handouts.街道两边站着寻求施舍的无家可归人员。handout, also UK: hand-out n often plural ([sth] given for free)捐款；捐赠物handouts, also UK: hand-outs npl (benefits, financial aid)政府补助；财力资助；福利Even working people sometimes need handouts to make ends meet.即便是在职人口有时也需要政府补助来维持收支平衡。hangover (UK), holdover (US) n figurative ([sth] remaining)遗留物，残余These misogynistic company policies are a hangover from the sixties.这些歧视女性的公司政策是六十年代的落后残余。hangover (UK), holdover (US) n figurative (person remaining)留下来的人，剩余的人The judge is a hangover from a more conservative generation.这名法官就是更保守的那一代的剩余之人。harbor (US), harbour (UK) n (sea port)海港，港湾，港口No boats are allowed to enter the harbor after midnight.午夜后任何船只不得入港。harbor [sb] (US), harbour [sb] (UK) vtr (shelter secretly)窝藏，藏匿The criminal's accomplices agreed to harbour him until the heat died down.罪犯的同伙答应把他藏起来，直到风头过去。harbor [sth] (US), harbour [sth] (UK) vtr (emotion: carry, feel) (感情、情绪)带有，怀有I think you're harboring a secret crush on my cousin.我觉得你心里暗恋我堂妹。harbor seal (US), harbour seal (UK) n (sea mammal)海豹；港海豹；海狗She no longer enjoyed watching the annual slaughter of harbor seals.harbormaster (US), harbourmaster (UK) n (supervisor at a seaport) (美式拼法)港（务）长The harbormaster dispatched tugs to guide the huge tanker out of the harbor.hardworking, also UK: hard-working adj (diligent)勤劳的；工作努力的；勤勉的The seasonal workers employed to help with the harvest are very hardworking indeed.受雇来帮助农收的季工们的确非常勤劳。harmonization, also UK: harmonisation n (music: singing together)和声演唱harmonization, also UK: harmonisation n figurative (agreement, accord)和谐；一致harmonize [sth], also UK: harmonise [sth] vtr figurative (colors: match)配色和谐I am trying to pick colors to harmonize the curtains and the furniture.我正在尝试挑选颜色，让窗帘和家具的颜色搭配和谐。harmonize [sth], also UK: harmonise [sth] vtr (music: make harmonious)配和声I'm learning how to harmonize scales in my guitar class.harmonize [sth], also UK: harmonise [sth] vtr figurative (bring into agreement)协调The firm is trying to harmonize the desires of all their clients.harmonize, also UK: harmonise vi (music: be in tune)用和声演唱或演奏The choir was able to harmonize beautifully.harmonize with [sth], also UK: harmonise with [sth] vi + prep (sound: accord with [sth]) (声音)与…搭配和谐His voice harmonizes with hers very nicely.harmonize, also UK: harmonise vi figurative (be in agreement, fit in)协调；和谐The board members' views on the issue do not harmonize and it has been difficult to find a compromise.harmonize, also UK: harmonise vi figurative (colors: go well) (色彩)协调，搭配得当The color palette in this room really harmonizes.harmonize with [sth], also UK: harmonise with [sth] vi + prep figurative (color: go well with [sth]) (颜色)与…协调，与…相匹配The blue and purple flowers in the display harmonize with the silvery foliage.harmonizer, UK: harmoniser n (singer who harmonizes)唱和声的歌手hash (UK), pound (US) n (hash mark: number sign #)#号For the first option, press 1 followed by the hash.选择第一个选项，请先按下#号键，再按1。hauler (US), haulier (UK) n (truck, lorry)拖车；拖运车；运输车A hauler was parked by the side of the highway.hauler (US), haulier (UK) n (trucker, lorry driver)运输工；搬运工；承运人Richie works as a hauler and frequently drives long distances.have a green thumb, have green thumbs (mainly US), have green fingers (mainly UK) v expr (be skilled at gardening)善于园艺；善于种花种草My mother has a green thumb: everything she touches grows well.All my cuttings took this year, so perhaps I do have green fingers after all.have an ax to grind (US), have an axe to grind (UK) v expr figurative (have an agenda)另有企图；另有打算；有不可告人的目的health center (US), health centre (UK) n (medical clinic)医疗保健中心，医疗中心，诊所health spa, also UK: health farm n (type of hotel)健康水疗馆备注: The term "health farm" is dated.For a birthday treat I went to a health spa.heartrending, also UK: heart-rending adj figurative (unbearably sad)令人心碎的，令人断肠的The final scene of the movie was heartrending, and many people in the audience cried.heartwarming, also UK: heart-warming adj figurative (emotionally moving or cheering)温暖人心的，感人的That's the most heartwarming thing I have ever heard!这是我听到过最感人的事情！heavenward, also UK: heavenwards adv (up, towards the sky)朝向天空地；向天地；向上地The farmer looked heavenward and saw that storm clouds were gathering.农夫朝天上看了一眼，发现乌云正在聚集。heavenward, also UK: heavenwards adj (upwards, skywards)朝向天空的；向天的；向上的Exasperated, Matt gave a heavenward roll of his eyes.heavy cream (US), double cream (UK) n (thick whipping cream)高脂奶油The cook used heavy cream to thicken the sauce.heavyhearted (US), heavy-hearted (UK) adj figurative (sad, despondent)心情沉重的；泄气的；沮丧的heavyset, also UK: heavy-set adj (thickset, heavily built)魁梧的；粗壮的A heavy-set security guard was standing in front of the embassy.一位身材魁梧的保安站在大使馆前。hectoliter (US), hectolitre (UK) n (measure of wine, etc.: 100 liters) (酒)百公升hectometer (US), hectometre (UK) n (unit of length: 100 meters)一百公尺；一百米Heimlich maneuver (US), Heimlich manoeuvre (UK) n (for a choking person) (紧急排除呼吸道异物)哈姆立克急救法；腹部冲击急救法hello, also UK: hallo, hullo interj (greeting) (招呼语)喂，哈罗Hello. How are you?喂，你好吗？hem, ahem (US), ahem (UK) interj (clearing throat to say [sth]) (语气词，唤起注意或表示犹豫)咳，嗯，哼Jake coughed to get Fred's attention; "Hem, do you have a minute, sir?"杰克发出咳嗽声来引起弗雷德的注意：“咳，先生，你有时间吗？”hem, hema, hemat (US), haem, haema, haemat (UK) prefix (blood) (英语词前缀)血液的, 血的A hemostat is a surgical device that stops bleeding.止血器是一种用于止血的外科手术设备。hem and haw (US), hum and haw (UK) v expr informal (hesitate)犹豫不决；迟疑When his mother confronted him about his grades, Harry hemmed and hawed.hematologist (US), haematologist (UK) n (medical specialist in blood) (美式拼写)血液学家hematology (US), haematology (UK) n (study of blood diseases) (美式拼写)血液学hematoma, UK: haematoma n (medicine: blood clot)血肿hematophagous (US), haematophagous (UK) adj specialist (animal: feeds on blood)吸血的；血液寄生的hemoglobin (US), haemoglobin (UK) n (protein in blood cells) (美式拼写)血红蛋白hemophilia (US), haemophilia (UK) n (blood-clotting disorder) (美式拼写)血友病hemophiliac (US), haemophiliac (UK) n ([sb] with blood-clotting disorder) (美式拼法)血友病患者hemophiliac (US), haemophiliac (UK) adj (has blood-clotting disorder) (美式拼法)血友病的hemorrhage (US), haemorrhage (UK) n (heavy bleeding)大出血Karen was hospitalized for a hemorrhage.hemorrhage (US), haemorrhage (UK) vi (bleed heavily)（大量）出血；失血；流血The new mother hemorrhaged after giving birth and stayed in the hospital for a week.hemorrhage money (US), haemorrhage money (UK) v expr figurative (lose money)大出血；金钱损失惨重The company is just hemorrhaging money at this point; it's only a matter of time before it closes.hemorrhagic (US), haemorrhagic (UK) adj (relating to heavy bleeding) (美式拼写)出血的，大出血的hemorrhoid (US), haemorrhoid (UK) n (varicose vein in the anus)痔疮hemorrhoids (US), haemorrhoids (UK) npl (condition: having hemorrhoids)痔疮hemostat (US), haemostat (UK) n (device that stops bleeding) (美式拼法)止血器， 止血钳hemostatic (US), haemostatic (UK) adj (stopping blood flow)止血的high-school student, also: high-school pupil (UK, regional) n US, UK regional (pupil: at secondary school)高中生I started studying Spanish (and dating girls) when I was a high-school student.highborn, also UK: high-born adj (born into the aristocracy)出自名门的；出身高贵的；出身高贵的hiphuggers (US), also UK: hip-huggers npl (pants fitting below the waist)紧裹臀部的低腰长裤；低腰紧身裤hitchhike, also UK: hitch-hike vi (solicit car ride)搭便车Young people don't hitchhike today like they used to.hitchhike, also UK: hitch-hike vi (travel by hitchhiking)搭便车旅行I once hitchhiked across the country in five days.hitchhiking, also UK: hitch-hiking n (soliciting free rides at roadside)搭顺风车Pat decided that hitchhiking was the cheapest way to travel through France.hodgepodge, also UK: hotchpotch, hotch-potch n (assortment, jumble)杂乱的一堆东西；一团糟Rudolph's art collection was a hodgepodge of classic and modern pieces.hogtie [sth/sb], also UK: hog-tie [sth/sb] vtr (tie feet together)把…的手脚捆在一起hogtie [sb], also UK: hog-tie [sb] vtr figurative (impede, thwart: [sb]) (比喻)阻碍；妨碍be left holding the bag, end up holding the bag (US), be left holding the baby (UK) v expr figurative, informal (bear the blame)背黑锅hold true, also UK: hold good vi + adj (continue to apply, remain true)适用The old saying "waste not, want not" still holds true today.holdup, also UK: hold-up n informal (robbery at gunpoint)持枪抢劫Apparently, there was a holdup at the bank last week.很明显，上周银行发生了一起持枪抢劫案。holdup, also UK: hold-up n informal (cause of a delay)耽搁，阻碍；交通堵塞You're two hours late, what was the holdup?home improvement (US), do-it-yourself (UK) n US (do-it-yourself)家居装饰，家装；家居装潢After he retired and had time to spare, Bob got into home improvement.The problem with do-it-yourself is that people often make mistakes and need to hire a professional later.home improvement (US), do-it-yourself (UK) n as adj US (do-it-yourself)自己动手的；自主完成的I'm going to the home improvement store for a screwdriver, some concrete blocks, and a can of paint.Did you see that patio? It must have been a do-it-yourself job!home theater (US), home cinema (UK) n (room with big-screen TV setup)家庭影院Watching TV in their new home theater felt like being at the movies.homebody, home-lover, also UK: homebird n informal (domestic person)以家庭生活为中心的人homestretch, also UK: home stretch, home straight n (end section of a race track)终点直道； (田径比赛最后一段)直线跑道；决胜跑道the homestretch (US), the home stretch, the home straight (UK) n (final stages of race or journey) (比赛、旅程)最后阶段，最后一程As they approached the home stretch, the two runners engaged in a thrilling race to the finish line.homestretch, also UK: home stretch, home straight n figurative (final stages of [sth])...的最后阶段the homestretch (US), the home stretch, the home straight (UK) n figurative (final stages of [sth])最后阶段；最后一搏This project has taken almost two years of hard work by the team, but we are now in the home stretch.homey, homy (US), homely (UK) adj (cozy, comfortable)如自家一般的, 舒适的The house is small, but it feels quite homey.房子虽小，但感觉很舒适。homogenization, also UK: homogenisation n (creating uniformity)均匀化；均质化homogenize, also UK: homogenise vi (be blended, fused together)变均匀homogenize, also UK: homogenise vi (become similar)变得类似homogenize [sth], also UK: homogenise [sth] vtr (blend, fuse together)调匀；调合homogenize [sth], also UK: homogenise [sth] vtr (make [sth] similar)使类似；使类同homogenized, also UK: homogenised adj (made the same)同质化的homogenized, also UK: homogenised adj (milk: with the fat broken up) (奶)均质的honey color (US), honey colour (UK) n (golden hue)蜂蜜色honey-color, honey-colored (US), honey-colour, honey-coloured (UK) adj (golden)蜂蜜色的备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the nounHer honey-color eyes sparkled in the sunlight.honor (US), honour (UK) n (honesty, integrity) (诚信、道德)节操，气节，正义感，高尚的品德The community knew him as a man of honor.社区认为他是一个有正义感的人。honor (US), honour (UK) n (privilege)荣幸；光荣；荣誉She had the honour of leading the parade.她有幸领导了游行队伍。honor (US), honour (UK) n (virtue)贞操，节操The squire would have violated the young woman's honour, had her father not returned.如果她父亲没有回来，他可能已经玷污了她的贞操。honor (US), honour (UK) n (award)勋章；徽章；奖章The honour was conferred by the Queen.勋章由女王授予。honor (US), honour (UK) n (esteem, glory)敬意；尊敬The fireman won great honor for his bravery.消防员因为勇敢赢得了人们极大的敬意。honor [sb/sth] (US), honour [sb/sth] (UK) vtr (show respect) (给予尊重)尊重，尊敬The university honoured the professor because of his groundbreaking research.由于其开创性的研究，该大学十分敬重这位教授。honor [sb/sth] with [sth] (US), honour [sb/sth] with [sth] (UK) vtr + prep (do [sth] to show respect)很荣幸…She was honored with a special dinner at the school.她很荣幸在学校吃了一顿特别的晚餐。honor [sb/sth] with [sth] (US), honour [sb/sth] with [sth] (UK) vtr + prep (treat with honour)使荣耀；以…给予…荣耀The princess honored us with her presence.公主的现身使我们倍感荣耀。honor [sb] by doing [sth] (US), honour [sb] by doing [sth] (UK) v expr (treat with honour)用…来纪念…The army honoured the officer by giving him a special medal for bravery.军队为纪念这名军官，授予他一枚特殊的勇敢奖章。honor [sth] (US), honour [sth] (UK) vtr (revere)崇敬；敬畏；尊敬One should honour one's national flag.一个人应该崇敬自己国家的国旗。honor [sth] (US), honour [sth] (UK) vtr (show courtesy)礼待We hope to honour all requests for advice.我们希望礼待所有的咨询请求。honor [sth] (US), honour [sth] (UK) vtr (uphold: promise) (承诺等)遵守Joe honoured his promise to pay for the meal.乔遵守了支付这顿饭钱的承诺。honors (US), honours (UK) npl (high academic distinction)荣誉学位，优等生学位；荣誉课程honors (US), honours (UK) n as adj (harder course, degree)荣誉学位的，优等生学位的；荣誉课程的honors (US), honours (UK) npl (social courtesies)屈膝礼honors (US), honours (UK) npl (military: ceremony showing respect) (军队)仪仗，仪队honors (US), honours (UK) npl (Bridge game: highest cards) (桥牌)大牌honor killing (US), honour killing (UK) n (murder of [sb] who disgraces family)荣誉处决备注: The term "honor killing", although it continues to be used in the media, is increasingly considered to be offensive.honorable (US), honourable (UK) adj (person: respectable, honest) (人)值得尊敬的，可敬的The judge had the reputation of being an honorable man.honorable (US), honourable (UK) adj (action: right, good) (行为)高尚的，可敬的The only honorable thing to do is return the money.honorable (US), honourable (UK) adj (person: distinguished) (人)尊贵的，出名的The honorable reverend was the guest of the mayor.honorable (US), honourable (UK) adj (award: with distinction)荣誉的；光荣的She received an honorable mention for her efforts.the Honorable (US), the Honourable (UK) expr (title of honor)阁下备注: followed by the person's nameThe courtroom stood when the Honorable Judge Ruth entered.当露丝法官阁下走入法庭，所有人都站起来了。honorable discharge (US), honourable discharge (UK) n (release from the military)荣誉退伍honorable mention (US), honourable mention (UK) n (citation)荣誉提名honorably (US), honourably (UK) adv (in a way that is worthy of respect)可尊敬地；应受尊重地In light of the scandal, the director decided to act honourably and resign.honored (US), honoured (UK) adj (greatly esteemed)受尊敬的honored (US), honoured (UK) adj (feeling: privileged)荣幸的；有幸的honors degree (US), honours degree (UK) n (qualification: high achievement)荣誉学士学位hookup, also UK: hook-up n informal, figurative (casual sexual encounter)随意性行为Hookups are common among college students.随意的性行为在大学生中很常见。hookup, also UK: hook-up n (connection, link)连接The cable man installed a new hookup in my bedroom so I can watch TV while I'm in bed.有线电视安装员在我的卧室装了一个新的连接装置，这样我就能躺在床上看电视了。hookup, also UK: hook-up n informal, figurative (alliance)联盟A cross-party hookup seems the best way to resolve this problem.horizontal stabilizer, also UK: horizontal stabiliser, tail plane n (aeronautics) (飞机)水平安定面，水平稳定面horror movie (US), horror film (UK) n (scary, gory film)恐怖片I can't watch a horror movie at night, I get too scared.horseback ride (US), horse ride (UK) n (ride on a horse)骑马We went for a horse ride in the woods together for my birthday.horseback riding (US), horse riding (UK) n (activity: riding a horse)骑马One of my favorite summer activities was horseback riding.I love horse riding but it makes my muscles ache afterwards.我最喜欢的夏日活动之一就是骑马。// 我喜欢骑马，但每次骑完马后我都会肌肉疼。hospitalization, also UK: hospitalisation n (admitting [sb] to hospital) (医院)收治（某人）Hospitalization is often necessary for this type of illness.hospitalization, also UK: hospitalisation n (patient: being admitted to hospital)住院The patient began to recover almost immediately after her hospitalization.hospitalize [sb], also UK: hospitalise [sb] vtr often passive (admit to hospital)送…入院治疗Pete was hospitalized after the car accident.hospitalize [sb], also UK: hospitalise [sb] vtr (cause to need hospital treatment)导致…入院The accident hospitalized Mary for weeks.hosteler (US), hosteller (UK) n (person who stays at hostels)旅店客人；青旅客人；住宿者hosteler (US), hosteller (UK) n archaic (innkeeper) (古语)旅馆老板，旅店主人hot flash (US), hot flush (UK) n often plural (heat: symptom of menopause) (身体症状)潮热The hot flash I had yesterday made me feel feverish, dizzy and tired.hot plate, hotplate, UK: hob n (portable burner, cooking ring)加热板；电炉Hilda left the soup to simmer on the hotplate.希尔达将汤放在电炉上慢炖。household word (US), household name (UK) n ([sth] or [sb] famous)家喻户晓的人物（事情）All of these famous actresses are household names.The footballer David Beckham is now a household name.househusband, also UK: house husband n (married man who is a homemaker)操持家务的丈夫；家庭主夫humanization, also UK: humanisation n (making more human)人性化；教化humanize [sb/sth], also UK: humanise [sb/sth] vtr (make appear more sympathetic)使…显得更为人道；使…显得仁慈humanize [sth/sb], also UK: humanise [sth/sb] vtr (make more humane)使…人格化；赋予…人性humanizer, UK: humaniser n (thing that makes [sth] more humane or gentler)使变得更有人性之人（或物）hummus, also UK: houmous n (mashed chickpeas)鹰嘴豆泥Hummus with pita bread and carrots is one of my favorite snacks.humor (US), humour (UK) n uncountable (funniness)幽默；好玩Kate's dad has no humor at all.凯特的父亲毫无幽默可言。humor (US), humour (UK) n uncountable (comedy)幽默性；笑点；喜剧桥段The show had a lot of humor in it.这个节目有许多笑点。humor (US), humour (UK) n uncountable (style of humour)幽默；诙谐I don't like this comedian's humor.我不喜欢这个喜剧演员的幽默风格。humor [sb] (US), humour [sb] (UK) vtr (indulge)曲意迎合，迁就；纵容，姑息Just humour him, eventually he'll realise he's wrong.先迁就他吧，最终他会意识到自己错了。humor (US), humour (UK) n countable, historical, obsolete (medical element) (中世纪生理学、医学)体液备注: 体液说由古希腊学者希波克拉底提出，认为四种不同的液体，即血液、粘液、黄胆汁和黑胆汁，形成人不同的性质。People used to believe that your health was tied to your humors.人们过去常常相信，健康与体液息息相关。humor (US), humour (UK) n uncountable (mood)心情；心态；心境The old man was in a good humor, and was happy to have guests.这位老人心情很好，很高兴能有客人来。humorist (US), humourist (UK) n (comic performer or writer) (美式拼法)幽默作家；滑稽演员Branson has become a successful humorist and writes for a major newspaper.humorless (US), humourless (UK) adj (finding nothing funny)不幽默的, 无趣的, 没有幽默感的The play was a comedy, but Brad found it humorless.hunting license (US), hunting licence (UK) n (permit to hunt)打猎许可；打猎执照It is forbidden to shoot deer without a hunting license.hybridization, also UK: hybridisation n (cross-breeding)杂交hybridize [sth], also UK: hybridise [sth] vtr (produce a cross-breed)使杂交hybridize, also UK: hybridise vi (cross-breed)杂交hydrolyze, also UK: hydrolyse vi (chemistry: dissolve)水解hydrolyze [sth], also UK: hydrolyse [sth] vtr (chemistry: dissolve [sth])使水解hyperglycemia (US), hyperglycaemia (UK) n (high blood sugar)高血糖hyperglycemic (US), hyperglycaemic (UK) adj (relating to high blood-sugar level)高血糖的hypnotize [sb], also UK: hypnotise [sb] vtr (put under hypnosis) (本义)催眠，对 …进行催眠The old woman used her magic powers to hypnotize the man.hypnotize [sb], also UK: hypnotise [sb] vtr figurative (entrance, fascinate)如施催眠术般使…着迷The acrobats hypnotized the entire audience with their amazing performance.hypocenter (US), hypocentre (UK) n (earthquake: point of origin)震源hypoglycemia (US), hypoglycaemia (UK) n (low blood sugar) (美式拼写)低血糖hypoglycemic (US), hypoglycaemic (UK) adj (relating to low blood-sugar level) (美式拼写)低血糖的hypothesize, also UK: hypothesise vi (suppose, conjecture)假设；假定；推测I don't have a definite solution, but I can hypothesize.hypothesize [sth], also UK: hypothesise [sth] vtr (with object: make a hypothesis) (后接宾语)假设，假定The scientist hypothesized a way to remove salt from ocean water.hypothesize that, also UK: hypothesise that vtr (with clause: make a hypothesis) (后接从句)假设，假定Even several decades ago, experts hypothesized that smoking caused cancer and other diseases.ice ax (US), ice axe (UK) n (mountaineering pick) (登山用)破冰斧You must take an ice ax if you're planning to walk on the glacier.ice-cream parlor (US), ice-cream parlour (UK) n (café: serves ice cream)冰淇淋店The ice cream parlor offers more than 20 different sundae toppings.ice-cream truck (US), ice-cream van (UK) n (vehicle: ice cream)冰淇淋车I think I can hear the ice-cream van coming!icebreaker, also UK: ice-breaker n figurative (conversation starter)开场白；活跃气氛的话On the first day of the job, we used icebreakers to get to know each other.上班第一天，我们说了一些活跃气氛的话来了解彼此。icebreaker, also UK: ice-breaker n (ship that breaks ice)破冰船idealization, also UK: idealisation n (unrealistic view)理想化idealize [sth/sb], also UK: idealise [sth/sb] vtr (portray in a romanticized way)将…理想化；理想化地描述Albert idealizes the military; he thinks it's all fighting and glory.idealize [sth/sb], also UK: idealise [sth/sb] vtr (consider as ideal)把…当作理想对象Bernard idealizes life on the beach because he loves surfing.idealize, also UK: idealise vi (conceive of [sth] as ideal)理想化idealize about [sth], also UK: idealise about [sth] vi + prep (conceive [sth] in ideal form)把…理想化Ruth idealizes about living in rural Italy, but I suspect the reality will be very different.idle speed, also UK: idling speed n (engine's slowest speed)怠速idolization, also UK: idolisation n (worship, adoration)（盲目的）崇拜；偶像化idolize [sb/sth], also UK: idolise [sb/sth] vtr (worship: a god) (对象为神)崇拜，对…顶礼膜拜Primitive people often idolized natural forces.idolize [sb], also UK: idolise [sb] vtr (admire: a person) (对象为人)崇拜，仰慕Young people tend to idolize their favourite performers."if the shoe fits, wear it" (US), "if the cap fits, wear it" (UK) expr figurative (you should accept truth of criticism)要是批评中肯，就接受吧；如果是真的，就承认吧ill-favored (US), ill-favoured (UK) adj (ugly)丑的；相貌丑陋的ill-humored (US), ill-humoured (UK) adj (in a bad mood)心情不好的immobilization, also UK: immobilisation n (physical movement) (使肢体)固定immobilization, also UK: immobilisation n (geographical movement)不动；无法移动immobilize [sb/sth], also UK: immobilise [sb/sth] vtr (prevent from moving)使无法移动When Jenny saw the horror movie, she was immobilized by fear.immobilize [sth], also UK: immobilise [sth] vtr (injured limb: keep in place) (用夹板等)固定（肢体）If you break your ankle, you must immobilize it until it's healed.immobilized, also UK: immobilised adj (prevented from moving)使不动的，使不能移动的immobilized, also UK: immobilised adj (injured limb: kept in place) (受伤的肢体)固定的The nurse fitted Jack with a sling to protect his immobilized arm.immobilizer, UK: immobiliser n (vehicle security device)汽车防盗装置；发动机防盗系统immortalize [sb/sth], also UK: immortalise [sb/sth] vtr (make famous or historic)使不朽；使流芳百世；使名垂千古Barack Obama will be immortalized as the first African American president.immortalize [sb/sth], also UK: immortalise [sb/sth] vtr (commemorate)纪念；使永垂不朽We will immortalize the fallen soldiers by erecting a monument in their honor.immunization, also UK: immunisation n (inoculation against illness)免疫接种Children are now given immunizations against diseases that used to be deadly.immunize [sb], also UK: immunise [sb] vtr (inoculate, vaccinate [sb])对…进行免疫接种Before you go to the Amazon, make sure you get immunized.immunize [sb] against [sth], also UK: immunise [sb] against [sth] vtr + prep (vaccinate [sb] against [sth])为…接种防止…的疫苗Children in the U.S. are all immunized against polio.in a cast, also UK: in plaster expr (broken limb: cast in plaster) (断肢)上石膏，用石膏固定Julie's arm was in plaster for six weeks after she fell out of a tree.The technician put the injured man's leg in a cast.in a pinch (US), at a pinch (UK) adv informal (if necessary)紧要的时候；紧急情况下At a pinch, we could fit another person in the car.in color (US), in colour (UK) adv (image: full colour) (英式拼法，图像等)彩印的，（复制为）彩色的Producing newspapers in colour has done nothing to improve the quality of journalism.in defense of [sb/sth] (US), in defence of [sb/sth] (UK) prep (justifying, in favor of)赞同；同意；偏好The minister spoke in defense of anti-pollution laws.in favor (US), in favour (UK) adj (in agreement) (美式拼写)赞同的，支持的When they first announced the scheme, only one or two people were in favour.in favor of [sth] (US), in favour of [sth] (UK) adj + prep (approving of [sth])赞成；赞同in favor of doing [sth] (US), in favour of doing [sth] (UK) expr (approving of [sth])赞成做某事；赞同做某事in favor (US), in favour (UK) adj (popular, liked)得到偏爱的，受偏爱的；受喜爱的；流行的；盛行的Cocktails bars are no longer in favour.鸡尾酒吧已不再流行了。in favor with [sb] (US), in favour with [sb] (UK) adj + prep (liked by, popular among)受某人欢迎；得某人欢心in honor of [sb] (US), in honour of [sb] (UK) prep (as a tribute to [sb])以向某人致意；为了向某人表示敬意They prepared a large banquet in honour of the King.in honor of [sth/sb] (US), in honour of [sth/sb] (UK) prep (to mark, acknowledge [sth] or [sb])为向…致敬；为纪念…Saigon was renamed in honour of Ho Chi Minh in 1976.in installments (US), in instalments (UK) adv (by a series of repayments)分期偿还；分期付款I'm paying for my new car in instalments.in installments (US), in instalments (UK) adv (publish: one chapter at a time) (出版物)分期连载Dickens' novels were originally published in instalments in a magazine.in the cards (US), on the cards (UK) adj figurative, informal (likely to happen)可能发生in the center (US), in the centre (UK) adv (in the middle)在中心, 在中间in the center of [sth] (US), in the centre of [sth] (UK) prep (in the middle of)在…中间；在…中心in the future, also UK: in future expr (next time, from now on)未来；将来Having lost my savings once, in the future I'll be more careful with my investments.我已经失去了一次积蓄，将来我会更加谨慎地进行投资。in the mail, also UK: in the post adj (in postal system)寄出去的，在邮递过程中的My application is in the mail, so you should be receiving it soon.in the neighborhood (US), in the area (UK) adv (locally)本地；当地There are several good schools in the neighborhood.in the neighborhood of [sth] (US), somewhere in the region of [sth] (UK) expr figurative, informal (approximately)大约；大概in vitro fertilization, also UK: in vitro fertilisation n (conception in a test tube)试管内授精；体外授精in your favor (US), in your favour (UK) adv (in a way that benefits you)于你有利；对你有利inbuilt, also UK: in-built adj (built in, incorporated)内置的；固有的inbuilt, also UK: in-built adj figurative (inherent, integral)自身具备的；天生的Horses have an inbuilt ability to run fast.incentivize [sb/sth], also UK: incentivise [sb/sth] vtr (give incentives to)鼓励；激励individualization, also UK: individualisation n (customization)个性化；个体化individualize [sth], also UK: individualise [sth] vtr (customize, make [sth] unique)使具有个性；使个性化individualized, also UK: individualised adj (customized, made unique)个性化的, 定制的The company provides an individualized service for each client.industrial park (US), industrial estate (UK) n (business district)工业区；工业园区I have a warehouse located in the industrial park.We plan to build our factory in the industrial park outside the city.industrialization, also UK: industrialisation n (development of industrial power)工业化This country underwent industrialization about fifty years ago.industrialization, also UK: industrialisation n (industrialized means of production)工业化生产Industrialization has brought many advances to the world.industrialize [sth], also UK: industrialise [sth] vtr (place: develop industry)在（某地）发展工业；使（某地）工业化Globalization is industrializing developing countries.industrialize [sth], also UK: industrialise [sth] vtr (production: make industrial)使工业化Many companies are industrializing foods that used to be natural.infantalize [sb], also UK: infantilise [sb] vtr (treat [sb] like child)将…当作幼儿对待information center (US), information centre (UK) n (help desk, office)信息中心；信息台information center (US), information centre (UK) n (computing: for storage of data)信息中心initialize [sth], also UK: initialise [sth] vtr (computing: start)启动The programmer initialized the new software.inquirer, UK: enquirer n ([sb]: asks a question)询问者；提问者inquiring, UK: enquiring adj (curious, inquisitive)好奇的；爱刨根问底的；爱追根究底的Inquiring neighbors have been stopping by all day to ask about the events of last night.inquiring, also UK: enquiring adj (seeking information)问询的；探询的The child's inquiring mind will lead her to accomplish great things later in life.这孩子的求知欲会让她在之后的日子里取得重大成就。inquiring, also UK: enquiring adj (questioning)查问的；讯问的My mother gave me an inquiring look when I arrived home after curfew.我在宵禁后回到家，母亲用质疑的眼光看了我一下。inquiring mind (US), enquiring mind (UK) n (intellectual curiosity) (美式拼法)好奇心inquiring mind (US), enquiring mind (UK) n figurative, usually plural (interested person)好奇的人；喜欢探根究底的人inquiry (US), enquiry (UK) n (request for information)打听；询问Kyle submitted an inquiry at the front desk. Ellie works in a call centre where she handles enquiries.凯尔在前台进行了询问。艾利的工作是在电话服务中心处理各种询问。insofar as, also UK: in so far as conj (to the extent that, in that)在…范围内；在…程度内Both ideas, insofar as they can be called 'ideas', are equally preposterous.installment (US), instalment (UK) n (payment: division)（分期付款的）一期付款； (分期付款的)部分，期The loan will be repaid in four equal installments.贷款将均分四期偿还。installment (US), instalment (UK) n (story: episode, part) (小说等)（分期连载的）一节，（分期连载的）一部分In this last installment, we learned of the old lady's death.在上一节中，我们得知了老妇人的死讯。installment billing (US), payment by instalments (UK) n (invoicing a series of payments)分期付款instalment loan (US), installment loan (UK) n (finance: paid back over time)分期贷款installment plan (US), instalment plan (Can, UK) n (finance: payment in installments)分期付款法；分期付款instill [sth] (US), instil [sth] (UK) vtr (pour by drops)注入；滴入The researcher instilled the liquid using a dropper.instill [sth] into [sth] (US), instil [sth] into [sth] (UK) vtr + prep (pour in by drops)滴注Instill the alcohol drop by drop into the solution.instill [sth] in [sb] (US), instil [sth] in [sb] (UK) vtr + prep figurative (impress: [sth] on [sb])逐渐向某人灌输；逐渐让某人培养Their grandmother instilled piety in them from an early age.institutionalization, also UK: institutionalisation n (making [sth] part of a system)制度化institutionalization, also UK: institutionalisation n (committing [sb] to a care facility)将某人托付给社会福利机构；收容institutionalize [sth], also UK: institutionalise [sb] vtr (absorb [sth] into a system)将…同化到某一体系；使制度化There are concerns that social media is complicit in institutionalizing misogyny within our societies.社会上有忧虑称，社交媒体为虎作伥，使厌女症在我们的社会中制度化。institutionalize [sb], also UK: institutionalise [sb] vtr (admit [sb] to a care facility)收容…进入医疗机构；将某人送入疗养机构；送某人住院Our son had a nervous breakdown and we had to institutionalize him.我们的儿子精神崩溃了，所以我们不得不送他住院。institutionalized, also UK: institutionalised adj (attitude: inherent in system) (观念)约定俗成的，为社会制度所认可的Institutionalized sexism results in women earning less money than men for the same work.institutionalized, also UK: institutionalised adj (person: accustomed to being in care) (人)习惯于被收容照料的Having spent the first thirty years of her life in care, Jenna was completely institutionalized and could not cope with living alone.insurer, also UK: assurer n (insurance company)保险公司My insurer will not cover flood damage.insurer, also UK: assurer n (insurance salesperson)保险销售代表My insurer filed the claim for me.intellectual elite, also UK: intellectual élite n (intelligentsia, thinking class)知识界精英；知识分子精英The country's intellectual elite had all attended Oxford and Cambridge.intellectualize, also UK: intellectualise vi (make an intellectual analysis)进行理性分析intellectualize about [sth], also UK: intellectualise about [sth] vi + prep (analyze [sth] using intellect)对…进行理性分析intellectualize [sth], also UK: intellectualise [sth] vtr (analyze [sth] using intellect)对…进行理性分析；对…进行理智分析internalization, also UK: internalisation n (incorporation, absorption)（使行为准则等）内在化；内化internalization, also UK: internalisation n (personalization of [sth])内化备注: 指将外在的观念等转变为自己价值观的一部分The internalization of beauty norms by teenage girls is a subject of much debate.青春期的少女究竟该不该内化审美标准，这个问题争议颇多。internalize [sth], also UK: internalise [sth] vtr (incorporate [sth])使内在化；内化Barbara has internalized many of the values of her parents.internalize [sth], also UK: internalise [sth] vtr (language, etc.: acquire) (语言学)使内在化Small children internalize the phonemes of their language.internationalization, also UK: internationalisation n (globalization)国际化internationalize [sth], also UK: internationalise [sth] vtr (make [sth] international, global)使国际化iodize [sth], also UK: iodise [sth] vtr (apply, add iodine to [sth])用碘处理；加碘于；加碘于ionization, also UK: ionisation n (physics: formation of ions)电离作用ionize [sth], also UK: ionise [sth] vtr (turn [sth] into ions)使离子化ionize, also UK: ionise vi (be turned into ions)离子化；电离ionizer, UK: ioniser n (machine: air purifier)离子发生器ischemia (US), ischaemia (UK) n (inadequate flow of blood)局部缺血，供血不足ischemic (US), ischaemic (UK) adj (due to poor blood flow)缺血性的ischemic heart disease (US), ischaemic heart disease (UK) n (common form of cardiac illness)缺血性心脏病Ischaemic heart disease can eventually lead to a heart attack if not treated.如果不及时治疗，缺血性心脏疾病最终会导致心脏病发作。ischemic stroke (US), ischaemic stroke (UK) n (cerebrovascular accident)缺血性中风italicization, also UK: italicisation n (putting [sth] into italic letters)斜体；使用斜体字；排成斜体italicize [sth], also UK: italicise [sth] vtr (put [sth] into italic lettering)将…设置为斜体；使…成为斜体itemization, also UK: itemisation n (individual listing)逐条列出；逐条记载itemize [sth], also UK: itemise [sth] vtr (list individually)逐条列举；逐项列出I itemized all of my expenses this month to find places where I can improve my budget.itemize [sth], also UK: itemise [sth] vtr (break [sth] down into a list)分条列记；逐条列出The manager asked Sally to itemize the account.itemized bill, UK: itemised bill n (invoice giving detailed breakdown of costs)细账；明细账When you check out of a hotel they usually give you an itemised bill.itemized deduction, also UK: itemised deduction n (tax exemption) (税务)列举扣除额ize, also UK: ise suffix (to form verbs) (后缀)【构成动词】For example: motorize, philosophisejail, also UK: gaol n (detention facility)拘留所，看守所；监禁处Kyle was arrested for being drunk in public and spent the night in jail.凯尔因为在公共场合醉酒而被拘留，在看守所里呆了一夜。jawbreaker (US), gobstopper, gob-stopper (UK) n figurative (large round sweet)大而圆的硬糖jean (US), jeans (UK) n as adj (made of denim)粗斜纹棉布制的；牛仔布制的She wore a short jean jacket over her summer dress.Jekyll and Hyde, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (US), Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (UK) n figurative (person: alternately good, evil)双重人格；人前一面；背后一面；人前谦谦君子；人后作恶多端I'll never marry him! In public, he's Dr. Jekyll, but behind closed doors, he's Mr. Hyde.我绝不会嫁给他！在公共场合，他是彬彬有礼的谦谦君子，可是关上门来，他却是无恶不作的坏蛋。jelly roll (US), Swiss roll (UK) n (dessert: sponge cake filled with jam)果冻卷蛋糕；果酱卷心蛋糕I found a recipe for jelly rolls.jeopardize [sth], also UK: jeopardise [sth] vtr (put [sth] at risk)危及；损害Karen jeopardized her career to help a friend.为了帮助朋友，卡伦危及了自己的职涯。jet airplane, (US), jet aeroplane (UK), jet plane n (aircraft)喷气式飞机jeweler (US), jeweller (UK) n (seller of jewellery, watches, etc.)珠宝商；钟表商The jeweler sold everything from watches to diamond rings.jewelry (US), jewellery (UK) n (accessories with jewels)珠宝；首饰That jewelry seems a little excessive for a waitress.作为女侍应生，戴那么多珠宝有些过分。jewelry box (US), jewellery box (UK) n (case for valuable accessories)首饰盒，珠宝盒I've put all my rings in the jewelry box.jewelry store (US), jeweller's (UK) n (sells, repairs jewelry)珠宝店jibe, also UK: gybe vi (sailing: shift side to side)使（帆）从一舷转至另一舷The boat jibed in the strong winds and capsized.jimmy (US), jemmy (UK) n slang (crowbar)铁撬jimmy [sth] (US), jemmy [sth] (UK) vtr slang (open with crowbar)用铁撬撬开He jimmied the lock, which enabled us to get into the room.job seeker (US), jobseeker (UK) n (person looking for employment)找工作者；求职者jockstrap, athletic supporter, also UK: athletic support n (sportsman's groin support) (运动时用)男士下体护身，护裆When playing sports, men must wear a jockstrap to support their groin.journalize [sth], also UK: journalise [sth] vtr (record [sth] in a journal)用日志记录；将…记入日志judgment, also UK: judgement n uncountable (ability to judge)判断力；决断力Exercise your judgment when dealing with these small infractions.在处理这些轻微违反案件时锻炼你的判断力。judgment, also UK: judgement n (opinion, assessment)判断；评判What, in your judgment, should be done about the deficit?依你判断，该如何应对赤字？judgment, also UK: judgement n (law: judge's decision) (司法)判决，审判结果The judgment brought applause in the courtroom.判决一出，法庭中掌声雷动。Judgment, the Judgment, also UK: Judgement, the Judgement n (religion: Last Judgment)最后的审判Repent your sins before the Judgment comes.最后的审判来临之前，好好忏悔你的罪过吧。judgment call, also UK: judgement call n (subjective decision)主观判断judgment day, also UK: Judgement Day n (God's final judgement)最后审判日；世界末日On Judgement Day, God will divide the sinners from the righteous.judgment day, also UK: Judgement Day n figurative (when [sth] decisive will happen) (美式拼法)有决定性意义的日子judgmental (US), judgemental (UK) adj (person: moralizing) (人)下判断的，做出批判的，进行道德裁判的I don't tell her anything because she seems so judgmental.judgmental (US), judgemental (UK) adj (relating to judgment)判定的；判断的His response to the question was analytical, not judgmental.jump rope (US), skipping rope (UK) n (skipping rope)跳绳The little girls were playing with a jump rope.小女孩儿们在跳跳绳。jumper (US), pinafore dress (UK) n (dress worn over blouse)背带裙Kate hated jumpers as a child, but her mother always bought them for her.凯特童年时很讨厌背带裙，可她妈妈却总给她买背带裙。jumper cables (US), jump leads (UK) npl (jump leads for starting a vehicle)跳线；跨接引线Every motorist should have jumper cables and flares in their auto emergency kit.junk jewelry (US), junk jewellery (UK) n (fake jewelry)廉价首饰Belinda started making junk jewellery out of plastic and wire.junked (US), scrapped (UK) adj (vehicle, etc.: discarded) (车辆等)报废的I got $150 for my junked car.juvenile court (US), youth court (UK) n (law: for minors)少年法庭kabob (US), shish kabob (US), kebab (UK), shish kebab n (meat on skewers)烤肉串kabob (US), kebab (UK) n (meat in pita bread) (夹在圆面饼里的)烤肉kerosene (US), paraffin (UK), paraffin oil n (lamp oil) (照明用的)煤油Antique lamps run on kerosene.kerosene (US), paraffin (UK), paraffin oil n (aircraft fuel)燃油kickoff (US), kick-off (UK) n (soccer) (足球比赛)开球The away team scored the first goal almost immediately after the kickoff.几乎刚开球，客队就踢进了第一个球。kickoff (US), kick-off (UK) n (American football) (橄榄球)开球At the kickoff, the home team took control of the field.kickoff (US), kick-off (UK) n figurative, informal (start, beginning) (集会、比赛等)开始Tonight is the campaign kickoff.kilogram, also UK: kilogramme n (1000 grams)公斤；千克The statue weighed 10 kilograms.kiloliter (US), kilolitre (UK) n (unit of volume: 1000 litres) (美式拼法，容量单位)千升kilometer (US), kilometre (UK) n usually plural (distance: 1000 metres)公里；千米We're almost finished with the hike; just a kilometer left to go.我们的徒步之旅即将完成，只剩一公里了。kilometer per hour, (US), kilometre per hour (UK) n usually plural (speed)每小时公里数kindhearted (US), kind-hearted (UK) adj (generous, compassionate)心肠好的；心地善良的kindheartedness (US), kind-heartedness (UK) n (generosity, kindness)善良，仁爱king of the hill (US), king of the castle (UK) n figurative, informal (successful person)成功人士king of the hill (US), king of the castle (UK) n (children's game)一家之主king shrimp (US), king prawn (UK) n (edible crustacean)大虾，明虾，对虾kiss ass (US), kiss arse (UK) v expr vulgar, slang (creep, toady)献媚者；马屁精kiwi, also UK: kiwi fruit n (fruit with fuzzy skin)猕猴桃； (香港、台湾、新加坡)奇异果The fruit salad had kiwis, mangoes, and cherries in it.knee-jerk, also UK: kneejerk adj (habitual, unthinking)未加思索的, 下意识的I'm tired of Mike's knee-jerk opposition to everything his brother suggests.knight in shining armor (US), knight in shining armour (UK) n figurative (chivalrous man)骑士般对女士彬彬有礼的男子；救美英雄；knock on wood (US), touch wood (UK) expr (said in order to avoid bad luck)老天保佑；祈求好运Everything's going well so far—touch wood!knockoff (US), knock-off (UK) adj slang (counterfeit)仿制的；冒牌的knockoff (US), knock-off (UK) n slang (bootleg copy)仿制品；山寨品It's not a real designer purse; it's only a cheap knockoff.know-it-all, also UK: know-all n pejorative, informal (person: clever, arrogant)自以为是的人；自以为无所不知的人That kid who got 100 percent in science and math is such a know it all!labeled (US), labelled (UK) adj (having an explanatory note)有标注的；有注解的labeled (US), labelled (UK) adj figurative (stereotyped)被打上标签的；受到成见的labeling (US), labelling (UK) n (use of labels on products)加商标；贴商标There are strict regulations about the labeling of foods.labeling (US), labelling (UK) n as adj (relating to labels)加标签的；贴标签的；标注的This leaflet explains the labelling system used on wine bottles.labor (US), labour (UK) n (hard work) (辛勤的)劳动，劳作Only dedicated labor will make this project successful.只有辛勤劳作才能让这个项目获得成功。labor (US), labour (UK) n (childbirth)分娩；生产Megan's labor lasted only two hours before the baby was delivered.梅根花了两个小时才分娩出宝宝。labor (US), labour (UK) n uncountable (workers) (总称)工人，劳工，劳动力The factory will need to hire more labor to fill these orders.工厂需要雇佣更多工人，才能完成这些订单。labor (US), labour (UK) n (work)劳动；工作This project represents several days' labour.这个项目需要几天的工作量。labor (US), labour (UK) vi (do hard work)努力；辛勤劳作Medieval peasants spent their whole lives laboring.中世纪农民一生都在辛苦劳作。labor to do [sth] (US), labour to do [sth] (UK) v expr (work to achieve [sth])努力工作以实现；努力做到All the translators labor to make the dictionary as good as possible.所有翻译一同努力，让字典尽量最好。labor against [sth] (US), labour against [sth] (UK) vi + prep (work to prevent)努力防止We must continue to labor against this discrimination.labor camp (US), labour camp (UK) n (enforced work camp)苦劳营；劳动营The government sent Maisky to a labour camp in Siberia.labor contract (US), labour contract (UK) n (employment agreement)劳动合同The teachers are hoping to negotiate a more equitable labor contract this year.labor costs (US), labour costs (UK) npl (cost of paying workers)人工成本，劳动力成本The company tried to reduce labor costs by employing unskilled staff.labor force (US), labour force (UK) n (workforce: employable people)劳动力The size of the labor force increases when school closes for the summer.labor intensive, labor-intensive (US), labour intensive, labour-intensive (UK) adj (involving hard work)工作非常辛劳的备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the nounlabor intensive, labor-intensive (US), labour intensive, labour-intensive (UK) adj (involving much work)劳动密集型的labor law (US), labour law (UK) n (law: to protect workers)劳动法labor market (US), labour market (UK) n (available employees)劳务市场；劳动力市场labor of love (US), labour of love (UK) n (work done for pleasure)热爱的工作；自愿的工作labor pains (US), labour pains (UK) npl (childbirth: contractions)分娩的阵痛Rosemary suffered severe labour pains as she was giving birth.labor relations (US), labour relations (UK) npl (worker-employer relationship)劳资关系Labor relations are difficult if workers can be fired at any time for cause, or for no reason at all.labor strike (US), labour strike (UK) n (work stoppage)工人罢工；劳工罢工Production at the car factory was brought to a standstill by the labor strike.labor the point (US), labour the point (UK) v expr figurative (belabor)过分详尽地阐述；过分多说The lawyer labored the point excessively.labor under [sth] (US), labour under [sth] (UK) vi + prep used in expressions (mistakenly believe)被…所蒙蔽备注: Commonly followed by: the illusion, the misapprehension, a mistaken belief, etc.The company is labouring under the illusion that it can take shortcuts to get the results it wants.labor union (US), labour union (UK) n (trade union, syndicate)工会The labor unions were created to protect workers from unfair working conditions.labored (US), laboured (UK) adj (effortful) (美式拼法)吃力的，费劲的The journalist wrote in a labored style, making his articles sound unnatural.labored (US), laboured (UK) adj (long-winded)（文章）冗长罗嗦的labored breathing (US), laboured breathing (UK) n (heavy or difficult respiration)呼吸缓慢困难The baby's labored breathing really alarmed us and we called the doctor immediately.laborer (US), labourer (UK) n (manual worker) (尤指体力劳动者)劳动者，工人Ted works as a laborer in the field and spends all day in the sun.laborsaving, labor-saving (US), labour-saving (UK) adj (designed to make a job easier)节省劳力的；省力气的；省工的lackluster (US), lacklustre (UK) adj (dull, lacking shine)无光泽的；暗淡的This poor quality diamond has a lackluster surface.lackluster (US), lacklustre (UK) adj figurative (dull, lacking liveliness)无生气的；死气沉沉的The actor was criticized for his lackluster performance.ladybug, lady bug (US), ladybird (UK) n (spotted beetle)瓢虫Ladybugs are very beneficial in a garden.lamppost, also UK: lamp post n (post of a street lamp)路灯杆；街灯柱The street was lined with trees and lampposts.landslide, also mainly UK: landslip n (slippage of earth)山崩，土崩，塌陷；塌方，坍塌Heavy rains have caused landslides throughout the area.暴雨在整个地区都造成了塌方。landward, also UK: landwards adv (towards land)向着陆地；朝着陆地The helmsman steered landward.lap of honor (US), lap of honour (UK) n (sport: winner's extra lap)光荣的一圈备注: 胜利者绕场一圈以示庆祝The winning racer took a lap of honour around the track while the crowd cheered.the Last Judgment, also UK: the Last Judgement n (Bible: end of the world) (《圣经》)最后的审判，末日审判laughingstock (US), laughing stock (UK) n (object of ridicule) (非正式用语)嘲笑愚弄的对象，笑柄，笑料lean over backward to do [sth] (US), lean over backwards to do [sth] (UK) v expr figurative (make every effort)竭尽全力做某事；尽力做某事lean over backward for [sb/sth] (US), lean over backwards for [sb/sth] (UK) v expr figurative (make every effort)尽力；尽全力learned, also UK: learnt adj (that has been learned)学到的；习得的The robot was starting to display learned behavior.机器人开始展示出习得行为。learner-centered (US), learner-centred (UK) adj (focused on students)以学生为中心的；以学员为本的leeward, also UK: leewards adv (nautical: in direction wind blows) (航海)下风地；背风地；逆风地The brig was listing leeward.left of center, left-of-center (US), left of centre, left-of-centre (UK) adj figurative (offbeat, original)不寻常的，标新立异的，别出心裁的备注: Hyphens are used when the adjective precedes the noun.left of center, left-of-center (US), left of centre, left-of-centre (UK) adj figurative (moderately left wing) (政治立场)中间偏左的We now have a left-of-center government, but it's still nothing like socialist.leftward, also UK: leftwards adv (towards the left)向左地；朝左The car turned leftward onto a dirt road.汽车向左驶上一条土路。legal authorization, also UK: legal authorisation n (official permission)法律授权James had to obtain legal authorisation from the council to hold a rave party in his garden.legalization, also UK: legalisation n (act of making legal)合法化The legalization of marijuana is a controversial topic in the United States.legalize [sth], also UK: legalise [sth] vtr (make [sth] legal)使合法化；使得到法律认可Many Americans do not want to legalize drugs.legitimization, also UK: legitimisation n (act of making [sth] legitimate)合法化，法治化；正当化legitimize [sth], also UK: legitimise [sth] vtr (validate, justify [sth])使…正当；正当化You need to punish your kids instead of legitimizing their bad behavior.legitimize [sth], also UK: legitimise [sth] vtr (make [sth] lawful)使…合法；使…具有合法地位The Supreme Court just legitimized same-sex marriage.leisure center (US), leisure centre (UK) n (sports or entertainment facility)娱乐中心，休闲中心lemmatization, UK: lemmatisation n technical (deciding on headword)词形还原lemmatize [sth], also UK: lemmatise [sth] vtr technical (linguistics: sort words)把...按屈折变化形式进行归类leukemia (US), leukaemia (UK) n (cancer of the blood) (美式拼法)白血病，血癌Sadly, my neighbor's daughter was just diagnosed with leukemia.leukemic (US), leukaemic (UK) adj (relating to leukaemia)白血病的leveled (US), levelled (UK) adj (flattened)呈水平的；平坦的leveled (US), levelled (UK) adj figurative (building, city: destroyed)夷为平地的；彻底摧毁的leveler (US), leveller (UK) n ([sth] that creates equality)使平等的事物liability for noncompliance, also UK: liability for non-compliance n (legal obligation)不遵从责任libeler (US), libeller (UK) n (person: defames [sb] in print)诽谤者；污蔑者；损害名誉者libelous, UK: libellous adj (that defames [sb] in print)文字性诽谤的；以文字中伤的liberalization, also UK: liberalisation n (policy of civil, personal freedom)自由化After the death of the dictator the country began the process of liberalization.liberalize [sth], also UK: liberalise [sth] vtr (make [sth] more liberal)使自由化The citizens' modern beliefs are liberalizing the government.liberalize, also UK: liberalise vi (become more liberal)自由化Because of changing social values, the Supreme Court is liberalizing.license (US), licence (UK) n (permit)许可证，特许证，执照； (新加坡)准证，执照Peter had a license for his gun.彼得持有拥枪执照。license (US), licence (UK) n (driving permit)驾驶执照，驾照，驾驶证Laura had her license revoked for driving drunk.劳拉因醉驾而被注销了驾照。license (US), licence (UK) n figurative (artistic freedom) (艺术上的)自由发挥，不拘一格The writer took some license with the story when he wrote the book.作者在写书时自由发挥，编写故事。license (US), licence (UK) n (permission)同意；允许；准许Erin was used to the license to do whatever she wanted while she was home alone.艾琳一个人在家时，习惯了自己准许自己随心所欲。license (US), licence (UK) n (copyright)版权许可证，版权The company bought the license to the author's story.公司买下了该作者作品的版权。license agreement (US), licence agreement (UK) n (contract giving permission for [sth])许可协议，许可证协议license plate, plate (US), licence plate, number plate (UK) n often plural (vehicle's registration panel)汽车牌照Personalized license plates sometimes cost more than a car.Some US states only require cars to have a license plate on the back.licensed, also UK: licenced adj (person: officially authorized) (人)获得授权的，得到正式许可的；具有许可证的You need to be a licensed truck driver for this job.licensed, also UK: licenced to do [sth] expr (person: officially authorized to do)正式许可做...的I'm licensed to drive a taxi in this city.我经批准可在本市驾驶出租车。licensed, also UK: licenced adj (for which [sb] has authorization) (行动等)得到许可的，得到批准的The man carries a licensed pistol with him everywhere he goes.不顾去哪里，这个人都带着一把经许可的手枪。licensed, also UK: licenced adj (bar, etc.: can serve alcohol)有卖酒执照的；有酒类销售许可的If you have a criminal record, you are forbidden from running licensed premises.如果你有犯罪记录，就不可经营需有酒类销售许可的门店。licensing (US), licencing (UK) n (of rights, etc.)许可，授权许可We went to our attorney to discuss the possibility of patent licensing.licorice (US), liquorice (UK) n (strongly-flavored confection) (用以制药或制糖果)甘草糖In Holland you can buy licorice that's both salty and sweet.licorice (US), licorice root (US), liquorice (UK), liquorice root (UK) n (root used to flavor confection)甘草；甘草根Despite their similar smells, licorice and anise are not related.虽然甘草和茴香气味相近，但它们之间没有任何关联。licorice (US), liquorice (UK) n as adj (made of licorice)甘草制的；甘草的Those licorice candies will make your teeth black.life class, also US: life drawing class, also UK: life-drawing class n (nude drawing lesson)人体写生课；人体素描课lifetime membership, also UK: life membership n (membership: permanent)终生会员He bought a life membership to the club.liftoff, also UK: lift-off n (launch of a spacecraft) (航天器)发射The scheduled Ariane 5 liftoff has been postponed. Lift-off in ten seconds: ten, nine, eight….阿丽亚娜5型火箭的预定发射被推迟。10秒倒计时发射：10、9、8...light-colored (US), light-coloured (UK) adj (pale)浅色的lightheaded (US), light-headed (UK) adj (dizzy, faint)头昏眼花的；头晕目眩的；眩晕的I'm feeling lightheaded; could we rest for a moment?lighthearted (US), light-hearted (UK) adj (cheerful, light in mood)欢快的；轻松惬意的；没有烦恼的So why are you in such a lighthearted mood today?lightheartedly (US), light-heartedly (UK) adv (cheerfully, lightly in mood)无忧无虑地，放松地When Maya complains about her boss, she means it lightheartedly; they get along pretty well.lineman (US), linesman (UK) n (telephone or electrical wire worker)电话线修理工, 电线修理工lionhearted, also UK: lion-hearted adj figurative (brave) (比喻)勇敢的，勇猛的，大胆的lionization, also UK: lionisation n (hero-worship, idolization)英雄崇拜；偶像崇拜lionize [sb], also UK: lionise [sb] vtr (idolize [sb])把…视为名人；把…捧为要人liquidize [sth], also UK: liquidise [sth] vtr (turn [sth] to liquid)使…液化liquidize, also UK: liquidise vi (turn to liquid)液化；变成液态物liquidize [sth], also UK: liquidise [sth] vtr (assets: sell off)盘活（资产）；清算（资产）liquidizer, UK: liquidiser n (kitchen appliance: blender)榨汁机Albert put the cooked vegetables into a liquidizer to make soup.liter (US), litre (UK) n often plural (unit of volume: quart)公升May I have a liter of milk, please?little theater (US), little theatre (UK) n (small venue for amateur dramatics)小剧场The high school play will be performed this Friday in the school's little theatre.loaf around (US), loaf about (UK) vi + prep informal (sit idly in)闲坐He spends all day loafing around the house.loaf pan (US), loaf tin (UK) n (metal container for baking bread)面包烤盘Put the dough into a loaf pan and bake for one hour.lobotomize [sb], also UK: lobotomise [sb] vtr (perform a lobotomy)对…施行前脑叶白质切除术lobotomize [sb], also UK: lobotomise [sb] vtr figurative (stupefy [sb])使…迟钝；使…麻木local anesthetic (US), local anaesthetic (UK) n (numbs part of the body)局部麻醉；局麻The dentist will give you a local anesthetic before he removes the tooth.local color (US), local colour (UK) n figurative (features of a place)本土色彩Take us on a tour of the bars and show us some of the local color.local color (US), local colour (UK) n figurative (quirky points)奇异之处，古怪之处localization, also UK: localisation n (commerce: local focus)（着眼于当地的）本土化；本地化The localization of farming allows consumers access to fresher produce.localization, also UK: localisation n (commerce: local adaptation)（为迎合当地需求而进行的）地方化；本地化；本土化Localization is important for companies trying to enter a foreign market.localization, also UK: localisation n (restriction to one area)局部化The localization of the infection may make it easier to treat.localization, also UK: localisation n (government: decentralization) (政府)权力的地方化，对地方进行的放权Many supporters of small government advocate for the localization of laws.localize [sth], also UK: localise [sth] vtr (narrow [sth] to a particular area)将…局限在某一具体区域；使局部化；使本地化The carpenter localized his source materials by only purchasing wood from the surrounding areas.localize [sth], also UK: localise [sth] vtr (make local)使本地化；本地化Hopefully this medication will help localize the infection to this area.localized, also UK: localised adj (topical, restricted to an area) (疼痛等)局部的The patient's pain was localized to the knee joint.logorrhea, also UK: logorrhoea n (pathology: incoherent speech) 没有提供翻译 logorrhea, also UK: logorrhoea n (incessant talkativeness)多语症，多言癖，多言症long jump (UK), broad jump (US) n (athletics competition)跳远It was during the Olympics that she broke the world long jump record.In high school I was on the track and field team and participated in the long jump.longe (US), lunge (UK) n (horse training) (驯马)弓步longe [sth] (US), lunge [sth] (UK) vtr (horse: train using longe line) (驯马)用弓步线In order to ensure I had a safe ride, I first had to lunge my horse.为了保障骑行的安全，我首先要用弓步线驯马。longeing (US), lungeing (UK) n (horse training, riding)打圈look around, also UK: look round, look about vi + adv (seek [sth] in surrounding area)四处寻找I've been looking around everywhere, but I can't find my reading glasses.我到处都找过了，但还是找不到我的阅读眼镜。look around [sth], also UK: look round [sth] vi + prep (inspect)检查Safety inspectors will be looking around the factory today.今天安全检查人员会来视察工厂。look around, also UK: look round vi + prep (browse)四处浏览；四处看看Sarah spent the afternoon looking around the local shops.莎拉一下午都在四处浏览当地的商店。lords-and-ladies, also UK: cuckoopint, cuckoo-pint, cuckoo pint n (plant of Araceae family)斑叶阿若母备注: Used with a singular verb.lose color (US), lose colour (UK) vtr + n (go pale, fade)变得没血色；变得苍白People lose color when they pass out.loudmouthed (US), loud-mouthed (UK) adj (voice: loud)高声讲话的loudmouthed (US), loud-mouthed (UK) adj (unable to keep secret)高谈阔论的，口无遮拦的louver (US), louvre (UK) n (slat)百叶窗板；百叶板Light filtered in softly through the louvers.the lowdown, also UK: the low-down n informal (current information)真相，实情，内幕消息If you want the lowdown, ask Julie. She was at the meeting.如果你想了解实情，那你就去问朱莉。她正在参加这次会议。the lowdown on [sth], also UK: the low-down on [sth] n informal (current information)最新消息；内幕Here's the low-down on our upcoming merger.lower your guard, UK: lower your defences, US: lower your defenses vtr figurative (relax: guard, defences) (警惕等)放下；放松He lowered his guard once he realized it was a friend.lowercase (US), lower case (UK) n (small letters or type)小写字母Please type in all lowercase.lowercase (US), lower-case (UK) adj (type: small, not capitalized) (字母)小写的，小写字体的Use a mixture of capital and lowercase letters in your password.lowercase [sth] (US), lower-case [sth] (UK) vtr (write or print in lowercase letters)用小写字母书写或印刷When using letters for this outline, please make sure to lowercase them.lumberyard, lumber yard (US, Can), timber yard, timber-yard, timberyard (UK) n (where timber is stored or sold)木材厂；锯木厂lupine (US), lupin (UK) n (flowering plant, lupine)羽扇豆My mother's garden is full of lupins right now.luster (US), lustre (UK) n (shine)光辉，光泽The lustre of a diamond determines its worth.luster (US), lustre (UK) n figurative (appeal) (美式拼法，比喻)荣耀，荣光The award has brought a certain amount of luster to the singer's already successful career.lusterless, UK: lustreless adj (lacking shine)没有光泽的lusterless, UK: lustreless adj (skin, eyes: lacking radiance)缺乏生气的，无活力的lusterless, UK: lustreless adj figurative (unimpressive, dull)无趣的，沉闷的，平庸的macadamize [sth], also UK: macadamise [sth] vtr (surface [sth] with tarmac)用碎石铺macaroni and cheese (US), macaroni cheese (UK) n uncountable (pasta with cheese sauce)奶酪通心粉Children almost always love macaroni and cheese.magnetizable, UK: magnetisable adj (that can be made magnetic)可磁化的magnetization, also UK: magnetisation n (making [sth] magnetic)磁化；磁化作用magnetize [sth], also UK: magnetise [sth] vtr (make [sth] magnetic)使磁化，使具有磁性magnetize [sb], also UK: magnetise [sb] vtr figurative (attract, fascinate [sb]) (比喻)吸引，使着迷mail-in ballot (US), postal vote (UK) n (vote cast and sent by post)邮寄选票mailbox (US), postbox, pillar box (UK) n (in street: post box)信箱；邮箱The mailbox is emptied twice a day.mailman (US), postman (UK) n colloquial (male: delivers post)邮递员；邮差；信差Leave a note for the mailman that we'll be away next week.make a fuss over [sb/sth] (US), make a fuss of [sb/sth] (UK) v expr informal (pay a lot of attention to)注意；关注The boss brought his dog to work yesterday and everyone made a fuss of it.昨天老板带着他的狗来上班，引起了所有人的注意。make heads or tails of [sth] (US), make head or tail of [sth], make head nor tail of [sth] (UK) v expr (understand [sth])把…搞清楚；把…弄明白备注: Usually in the negative.makeup, also UK: make-up n (cosmetics)化妆品；化妆She carries every kind of makeup in her handbag.她的手袋里装满了各种化妆品。makeup, also UK: make-up n (constitution, composition)组成；构造The makeup of the committee should reflect its membership.委员会的组成应该反映其成员结构。malignant tumor (US), malignant tumour (UK) n (cancerous growth)恶性肿瘤My aunt had a small malignant tumor in her breast; luckily they were able to remove all of it.mother's boy, mama's boy (US), mamma's boy (US), momma's boy (US), mummy's boy (UK) n informal, pejorative (man overly attached to his mother)胆小怕事的男孩子Tim's mother has him tied to her apron strings; he's become a mama's boy.maneuver (US), manoeuvre (UK) n (military: movement)（部队的）调遣；机动The troops are out of manoeuvres and are afraid of losing the battle.maneuver (US), manoeuvre (UK) n often plural (strategy, plan)策略；谋略；计策The executive planned a manoeuvre to gain control of the company.maneuver (US), manoeuvre (UK) n often plural (skillful movement)谨慎而熟练的动作；特技动作The chess player performed a manoeuvre that won the match.maneuvers (US), manoeuvres (UK) npl (military movements)机动The army is practicing maneuvers to prepare for battle.maneuver [sth] (US), manoeuvre [sth] (UK) vtr (steer, drive)操控，驾驶Lily maneuvered the truck around the fallen tree.maneuver [sb/sth] (US), manoeuvre [sb/sth] (UK) vtr (manipulate [sb])操纵；操控The president maneuvered congress in order to pass the bill.maneuver (US), manoeuvre (UK) vi (use manipulation)操纵；操控；耍花招He maneuvered for the job for a year.maneuverable (US), manoeuvrable (UK) adj (that can be moved around)可调动的；机动的maneuverability (US), manoeuvrability (UK) n (able to be moved around)机动mantelshelf (US), mantelpiece (UK) n (ledge over a fireplace)壁炉架；炉台manual labor (US), manual labour (UK) n (work carried out by hand)体力劳动；人力劳动；人力操作Although machines are used to produce most goods, repairing them is still done mostly by manual labor.many-colored (US), many-coloured (UK) adj (having many colors)多彩的marbleize [sth], also UK: marbleise [sth] vtr (mottle [sth])使具有大理石花纹marginalization, also UK: marginalisation n (exclusion: from society, etc.)边缘化；排挤；排斥marginalize [sb], also UK: marginalise [sb] vtr (alienate [sb] from society)排斥；使处于边缘Heavily male companies can marginalize women in the workplace.marginalize [sth], also UK: marginalise [sth] vtr (push [sth] to the side)让...消声；使...边缘化The government attempted to marginalize criticism and restore public confidence.政府想消除批评的声音，恢复公信力。marketing authorization, also UK: marketing authorisation n (permission to advertise)营销许可marriage counselor (US), marriage counsellor (UK) n ([sb] who gives relationship advice)婚姻咨询师，婚姻顾问After his affair, the couple decided to see a marriage counsellor.marriage license (US), marriage licence (UK) n (permit to marry)结婚证It is a good idea, about a week before the wedding, to go to the courthouse to obtain a marriage license.marvelously (US), marvellously (UK) adv (extremely well)绝妙地；极好地How are you doing? I'm doing marvelously.marvelous (US), marvellous (UK) adj US (great, excellent)极好的；了不起的；绝妙的He gave a marvelous performance and did two encores.他的表演极好，两度加演。marvelous (US), marvellous (UK) adj formal (causing wonder) (正式用语)不可思议的，奇迹般的The power of nature is both dangerous and marvelous.自然的力量既危险，又让人不可思议。massage parlor (US), massage parlour (UK) n (shop providing massages)按摩店；按摩院massage parlor (US), massage parlour (UK) n (shop providing sexual services)妓院；风月场所materials and labor (US), materials and labour (UK) npl (basic costs of a project)人力物力；人工和材料The materials and labor involved with the Golden Gate Bridge project were enormous.materialization, also UK: materialisation n (act of taking physical form)物质化；具体形象化materialize, also UK: materialise vi (appear)呈现；出现；显形The runner was so fast he simply seemed to materialize at the finish line.math (US), maths (UK) n colloquial, uncountable, abbreviation (mathematics)数学Math was Rachel's best subject.数学是蕾切尔最拿手的科目。math book (US), maths book (UK) n abbreviation (mathematics textbook)数学书，数学课本The square roots are explained on page 23 of your math book.matron of honor (US), matron of honour (UK) n (chief bridesmaid)主要伴娘Victoria was the matron of honour at her best friend's wedding.maximization, also UK: maximisation n (making [sth] as large as possible)最大化maximize [sth], also UK: maximise [sth] vtr (make [sth] as big as possible)使增加到最大程度What can we do to maximize our profits from this venture?maximize [sth], also UK: maximise [sth] vtr figurative (make the most of [sth])最大化利用Maximize the opportunity to learn from these experienced cooks.meager (US), meagre (UK) adj (scant, insufficient) (美式拼法)贫乏的，不足够的Restaurants pay their employees a meager salary and expect them to live from tips.meager (US), meagre (UK) adj (physically lean, skinny)瘦的Jenny was a meager child.meagerly (US), meagrely (UK) adv (in a scant way)缺乏；不足；数量少The prisoners ate meagerly from small wooden bowls.meagerness (US), meagreness (UK) n (insufficiency, inadequacy)贫乏；不足mealybug (US), mealy bug (UK) n (plant-eating insect) (昆虫)水蜡虫，粉蚧mechanical pencil, clutch pencil, also UK: propelling pencil n mainly US (retractable graphite drawing tool)自动铅笔I haven't used a mechanical pencil since my high school years!mechanization, also UK: mechanisation n (use of machinery)机械化Will mechanization result in a loss of jobs?mechanize [sth], also UK: mechanise [sth] vtr (automate [sth])使机械化；使自动化medalist (US), medallist (UK) n (winner of a medal)奖牌获得者The US is hoping for a gold medalist in gymnastics this year.median, median strip (US), central reservation (UK) n (road: between opposing lanes)道路的中央分隔带；道路隔离带；马路绿化带The red car swerved and landed on the median strip facing the wrong way.The car skidded through the barrier and onto the central reservation.medical center (US), medical centre (UK) n (health clinic)诊所，卫生所You can get advice on contraception at the medical centre.medical center (US), medical centre (UK) n (area with health facilities)医疗中心，医学中心The medical center included the hospital and the outlying buildings housed the doctor's private practices.meet (US), meetup (UK) n (convention, get-together)集合；聚会There will be a motorcycle meet at the park on Saturday.meet (US), meeting (UK) n (sports: contest) (运动)比赛；竞争；角逐My track team has a meet this weekend.我们田径队这周末有场比赛。memorialize [sth/sb], also UK: memorialise [sth/sb] vtr (commemorate [sth])纪念；庆祝memorization, also UK: memorisation n (act of learning [sth] by heart)熟记；背住；烂熟于心memorize [sth], also UK: memorise [sth] vtr (learn by heart)记忆；背诵Did you have to memorize any poems in primary school?你小学时背过诗吗？men's pants (US), men's trousers (UK) npl (long pants for men)男长裤；男士长裤men's restroom, men's room (US), men's toilets (UK) n (toilets for males)男厕所；男卫生间men's room (US), men's toilets (UK) n (public toilets for men)男厕所，男士洗手间，男士卫生间meow, also UK: miaow n (mew: cat sound) (拟声)喵喵，喵呜I thought I heard a meow at the door.meow, also UK: miaow interj (cat sound) (拟声词)喵"Meow!" the cat cried when she was hungry.meow, also UK: miaow vi (cat: mew)喵喵叫；学猫叫The cat's meowing - would someone let him out?mercerize [sth], also UK: mercerise [sth] vtr (yarn: shrink, make shiny) (纱线)对...做丝光处理mesmerize [sb], also UK: mesmerise [sb] vtr figurative (fascinate, entrance)迷住；吸引；使着迷The dancer's flawless performance mesmerized her audience.那位舞者完美的表演使观众着迷。mesmerize [sb], also UK: mesmerise [sb] vtr dated (hypnotize)对…进行催眠Every attempt to mesmerize her failed.mesmerized, also UK: mesmerised adj figurative (fascinated, transfixed)被迷住的；着迷的He performed a magic trick and the children watched, mesmerized.mesmerizer, UK: mesmeriser n historical (19th-century hypnotist) (历史用语)催眠师；催眠者mesmerizing, also UK: mesmerising adj (transfixing, spellbinding)迷人的，有吸引力的；有魔力的Messrs. (US), Messrs (UK) npl formal (plural of Mr.)诸位先生, 先生们metabolize [sth], also UK: metabolise [sth] vtr (food: process for energy)使新陈代谢；代谢metastasize, also UK: metastasise vi (disease: spread) (医学术语, 指癌细胞等)转移metastatic tumor (US), metastatic tumour (UK) n (cancerous growth)转移性肿瘤The primary lung cancer was followed by a metastatic tumour of the liver.meter (US), metre (UK) n often plural (metric unit of length) (长度计量单位)米The small pool is only a couple of metres long.小游泳池不过几米长。meter, also UK: metre n (poem: rhythmic pattern of syllables) (诗歌)格律，韵律This poem is written in iambic meter.这首诗采用的是抑扬格。meth (US), meths (UK) n abbreviation (methylated spirit)甲基化酒精metricize [sth], also UK: metricise [sth] vtr (convert [sth] to metric)转化为公制度量衡制度；将…转为公制metricize, also UK: metricise vi (be converted to metric)用公制度量衡制度；转为公制microfiber (US), microfibre (UK) n (fine synthetic fabric)超细纤维，微型纤维microfiber (US), microfibre (UK) n as adj (made of fine synthetic fabric)超细纤维的micrometer, UK: micrometre n (one millionth of a meter) (长度单位)微米midmorning (US), mid-morning (UK) n (middle of the morning)上午中段，上午十点左右midmorning (US), mid-morning (UK) adj (occuring halfway through morning)发生在上午中段的，发生在上午十点左右的midmorning (US), mid-morning (UK) adj (halfway through the morning)上午中段时间的；上午10点左右的militarization, also UK: militarisation n (preparation for war)军事化；做好战备militarize [sth], also UK: militarise [sth] vtr (change to military control)使军事化；使军国化The government militarized the country's border.政府对边境进行了军事化。milk mustache (US), milk moustache (UK) n informal (milk round mouth) (非正式用语)嘴唇周围的牛奶残留；牛奶胡子Lick your lip, you've got a milk moustache.milking parlor (US), milking parlour (UK) n (place where dairy cows are milked)挤奶间；挤奶厅milliliter (US), millilitre (UK) n usually plural (volume: one thousandth of a liter) (容积单位)毫升millimeter (US), millimetre (UK) n usually plural (decimal: tenth of a centimetre)毫米mineralize [sth], also UK: mineralise [sth] vtr (water, matter: add minerals to)矿化，使…矿化miniaturization, also UK: miniaturisation n (making a small-scale version of [sth])微型化；小型化miniaturize [sth], also UK: miniaturise [sth] vtr (make [sth] on a very small scale)使微型化；使小型化minimize [sth], also UK: minimise [sth] vtr (make [sth] as small as possible)最小化How can we minimize our risk in this investment?我们如何在这项投资中尽量降低风险？minimize [sth], also UK: minimise [sth] vtr (trivialize [sth])轻视；忽略；贬低I certainly didn't mean to minimize his contribution to the book.我不是有意要贬低他对这本书的贡献的。minimized, also UK: minimised adj (made as small as possible)最小化Click on the minimized window to restore it.misbehavior (US), misbehaviour (UK) n (child: naughtiness, disobedience) (小孩子)淘气，顽皮，不规矩，不听话The loud children exhibited misbehavior during mass.misbehavior (US), misbehaviour (UK) n (adult: immoral acts) (成年人)品行不端，品行不良Teenage boys should be educated about misbehavior toward girls.misjudgment (US), misjudgement (UK) n (mistaken assessment or opinion)判断错误；评估出错miter (US), mitre (UK) n (Bishop's headdress)主教法冠miter (US), mitre (UK) n (fabric: mitred corner) (纺织品)斜拼接角miter (US), mitre (UK) n (construction: miter joint)斜角榫, 斜接头miter [sth] (US), mitre [sth] (UK) vtr (form a corner)呈45度角拼接；斜接miter [sth] (US), mitre [sth] (UK) vtr (form a miter joint)斜接miter [sb] (US), mitre [sb] (UK) vtr (bishop: confer a miter on)给...授予主教冠miter saw (US), mitre saw (UK) n (type of saw)斜切锯mobilization, also UK: mobilisation n (bringing into action)动员；调动；鼓动The military is preparing a large-scale mobilization of troops.mobilize [sb/sth], also UK: mobilise [sb/sth] vtr (make ready for action)动员；调动Successful candidates must mobilize minority voters.成功的竞选人必须动员少数选民。mobilize, also UK: mobilise vi (prepare for action)准备行动；机动化Troops have been mobilizing on both sides of the border.军队一直在边境两边准备行动。mobilizer, UK: mobiliser n ([sb] or [sth] that promotes action)发起人；动员者modeled (US), modelled (UK) adj (behavior, process: demonstrated)模式化的modeler (US), modeller (UK) n (software for 3D design) (美式拼写)三维图形设计软件modeler (US), modeller (UK) n ([sb] who makes models)模型制造者modeling (US), modelling (UK) n (being a fashion model)做模特，当模特Chris has always wanted a career in modeling.modeling (US), modelling (UK) n (3D graphic design)图像建模Modeling done on computers has come a long way over the last decade.modeling (US), modelling (UK) adj (sculpting material: pliable) (雕塑材料)易塑形的，能成形的Angie used several different modeling materials in her preliminary sculpture.modeling clay (US), modelling clay (UK) n (fixed in a kiln)（烧瓷用的）雕塑黏土；软陶modeling clay (US), modelling clay (UK) n (moldable putty)橡皮泥modernization, also UK: modernisation n (process of adapting, updating)现代化The modernization of the factory resulted in a 50% increase in productivity.modernize [sth], also UK: modernise [sth] vtr (bring [sth] up to date)使现代化The fitness center modernized their equipment with state of the art treadmills.modernizer, UK: moderniser n (person who updates or innovates)现代主义者；现代化者moisturize [sth], also UK: moisturise [sth] vtr (add moisture)使…湿润；给…增加水分It's important to moisturize your hands after washing them.moisturize, also UK: moisturise vi (use moisturizing lotion)搽润肤霜Your skin will become dry if you don't moisturize.moisturizer, also UK: moisturiser n (skin cream, lotion)润肤霜；保湿霜I apply moisturizer to my face every night.moisturizing, also UK: moisturising adj (able to make skin, etc. more moist) (皮肤等)增加水分的，使变得湿润的moisturizing cream, also UK: moisturising cream n (for moisturizing skin)保湿霜；润肤霜mold (US), mould (UK) n (shaped container)模子；模具Pour the plaster into the mold and let it set overnight.将石膏倒入模具里，静置一夜。mold (US), mould (UK) n (fungus: on wall, etc.)霉菌We found mould growing behind the toilet.我们发现马桶后面都长霉菌了。mold (US), mould (UK) n (fungus: on food) (食物上的)霉Don't eat the bread if it has green mold on it.如果面包上有绿霉，就不能吃了。mold [sth] (US), mould [sth] (UK) vtr (form, sculpt)塑造；使成形He moulded the clay with his hands.他用双手塑造粘土的形状。mold [sth] into [sth] (US), mould [sth] into [sth] (UK) vtr + prep (form, shape)把…塑造成；将…捏成…形状The children molded the clay into dinosaurs.孩子们将粘土捏成恐龙的形状。mold [sb/sth] (US), mould [sb/sth] (UK) vtr figurative (person, character: develop)塑造；使…形成It was his time at boarding school that moulded his character.在寄宿学校的那段时光塑造了他的性格。mold [sth] (US), mould [sth] (UK) vtr figurative (give shape)塑造Teachers are responsible for molding young minds.教师肩负着塑造年轻一代思想的任务。mold [sb] into [sth] (US), mould [sb] into [sth] (UK) vtr + prep figurative (person: help to develop)把…塑造成；把…培养成His aunts moulded him into a perfect gentleman.他的姑姑把他培养成了一位完美的绅士。moldboard (US), mouldboard (UK) n (blade of a plow)犁板molded (US), moulded (UK) adj (object: formed into a certain shape)模塑的；造形的；molder (US), moulder (UK) vi (rot) (英式拼写 moulder)腐朽, 腐烂molder (US), moulder (UK) n (person who molds or shapes [sth])铸工, 造型工moldiness (US), mouldiness (UK) n (having mold)长有霉菌；发霉molding (US), moulding (UK) n (casting in a mold)制模；铸造The molding takes about three hours to set.molding (US), moulding (UK) n (decorative strip)装饰板；装饰条We tried to preserve the original molding in this room.moldy (US), mouldy (UK) adj (food, etc.: stale, gone off) (食物等)发霉的；腐坏的You shouldn't eat the strawberries if they are moldy.moldy (US), mouldy (UK) adj figurative (outdated) (比喻)过时的，古旧的The politician has been criticized for having relatively moldy opinions on this topic.mole plow (US), mole plough (UK) n (machine: turns soil)开沟犁mollusk (US), mollusc (UK) n (shellfish, snail)软体动物molt (US), moult (UK) vi (moult: shed fur, etc.) (美式拼法)蜕皮，蜕壳，换毛，换羽The bird molted and grew new feathers.molt (US), moult (UK) n (fur, etc. shed by moulting) (美式拼法)蜕落的皮（毛、壳等）The dog left a trail of molt all over the house.molt (US), moult (UK) n (period of shedding) (动物)换毛期；换羽期After the molt the insect can then continue to grow.molter (US), moulter (UK) n (animal: sheds feathers, fur, skin)换毛动物；蜕皮动物This type of bird is a heavy molter, so you'll need to clean up after it and make sure it stays clean.molter (US), moulter (UK) n ([sth] shed: feathers, fur, skin)换下的毛；蜕下的皮mompreneur (US), mumpreneur (UK) n informal (young mother with startup)年轻妈妈企业家；妈妈企业家monetize [sth], also UK: monetise [sth] vtr (convert [sth] into money)变现This program is monetized by showing advertisements periodically.monetize [sth], also UK: monetise [sth] vtr (coin: give value)将…定为法定货币moneymaking, also UK: money-making n (business, earning)赚钱moneymaking, also UK: money-making adj (lucrative, profitable)赚钱的；盈利的monkey wrench, also UK: adjustable spanner n (spanner)活动扳手I need to undo these bolts so please pass me the monkey wrench.monkeyshines (US), monkey tricks (UK) npl informal (prank, mischievous behaviour)恶作剧，把戏monopolization, also UK: monopolisation n (exclusive rights to [sth])专利权；专属monopolization, also UK: monopolisation n (market: domination) (市场)垄断，独占； (对话)完全控制，独霸monopolization, also UK: monopolisation n (conversation)独霸, 垄断monopolize [sth], also UK: monopolise [sth] vtr (market: dominate, control)垄断...，独占...The corporation monopolized the fitness market.monopolize [sth], also UK: monopolise [sth] vtr figurative (dominate [sth]) (比喻)垄断；独占I cannot allow one client to monopolize all my time.我不能把时间都献给一位客户。monopolizer, UK: monopoliser n (person: controls most of [sth]) (人)垄断者，独享权利的人，独占者moral fiber (US), moral fibre (UK) n uncountable, figurative (moral strength)道德力量moralization, also UK: moralisation n (self-righteousness, preaching)道德说教；道德化；教化moralize, UK: moralise vi (preach morality)说教；论道德；谈德行moralizer, UK: moraliser n (person who preaches) (人)说教者，用道德感化别人者Mother's Day, also UK: Mothering Sunday n (celebration for mothers)母亲节What date is Mother's Day this year?motorization, also UK: motorisation n (act of fitting with a motor)机动化；动力化motorization, also UK: motorisation n (supplying with motor vehicles)动力化motorization, also UK: motorisation n (from horse-drawn to cars)动力化motorize [sth], also UK: motorise [sth] vtr (fit with a motor)给...装上发动机motorize [sth], also UK: motorise [sth] vtr (supply with motor vehicles)给...提供摩托motorize [sth], also UK: motorise [sth] vtr (replace horse-drawn with cars)给...装上发动机motorized bike, UK: motorised bike n informal (motor-powered bicycle)电动自行车motorized bike, UK: motorised bike n informal (motorcycle, motorbike)轻型摩托车mouse pad (US), mouse mat (UK) n (rubber surface for computer mouse)鼠标垫This mouse pad is designed for gaming.mouthwatering, also UK: mouth-watering adj (appetizing)令人流口水的；美味的I can't control myself when I see a mouthwatering piece of cake.movie actor (US), film actor (UK) n (film star)电影演员Movie stars are a dime a dozen, it's rare to see a movie actor with the skill to move an audience in so subtle a motion.movie buff (US), film buff (UK) n informal (person who loves cinema)电影迷，影迷The Internet Movie Database is an invaluable resource for any movie buff.movie camera (US), film camera (UK) n (motion-picture camera)电影摄影机Lawrence of Arabia was filmed using the larger 35mm format movie camera.movie review (US), film review (UK) n (critique of a film)电影评论，影评I rarely read movie reviews: I prefer to make my own judgements.movie scene, also UK: film scene n (set piece in a film)电影场景movie star, also UK: film star n (famous film actor)电影明星Now that he was a movie star everybody wanted to give him things for free.Mr. (US), Mr (UK) n abbreviation (man's title: Mister) (男子的称谓)先生There's a Mr. Read here to see you – shall I send him in?Mr. (US), Mr (UK) n humorous, abbreviation (prefix to mocking name) (讽语，用于嘲弄的名称之前)先生Well, Mr. Know-it-all, tell us the population of Shanghai, then.My husband is not a morning person; he's a real Mr Grumpy Guts when he first gets up.Mrs. (US), Mrs (UK) n abbreviation (title of married woman) (已婚女子头衔)夫人，太太My favourite teacher was Mrs Brown.Ms. (US), Ms (UK) n abbreviation (woman's title) (用于女子姓氏或姓名前，不指明婚否)女士Ms. Carter was the substitute teacher on Wednesday.mud colored, mud-colored (US), mud coloured, mud-coloured (UK) adj (brown)泥色的备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the noun.muddleheaded (US), muddle-headed (UK) adj informal (confused, scatterbrained)糊涂的，混乱的，丢三落四的muffin pan (US), muffin tin (UK) n (pan for baking muffins)马芬烤盘multi-story (US), multi-storey (UK) n as adj (building: with levels) (建筑)多层的multicolor, multicolored (US), multicolour, multicoloured (UK) adj (of many hues)有多种色彩的，彩色的，五彩缤纷的Diana's multicolored scarf matched everything in her wardrobe.multicolored (US), multicolor (US), multi-coloured (UK), multi-colour (UK) adj (of many hues)多彩的multiethnic (US), multi-ethnic (UK) adj (with several ethnic groups)多种族的，多民族的multifaceted, also UK: multi-faceted adj (having many sides) (宝石等)多面的，多刻面的The multifaceted gem sparkled in the sunlight.这颗有多个面的宝石在阳光下闪闪发光。multifaceted, also UK: multi-faceted adj figurative (having many aspects)多方面的This is a multifaceted issue with no simple solution.这是一个涉及多方面的问题，无法简单地解决。multiparty, also UK: multi-party adj (involving several political parties)多党的multipurpose, also UK: multi-purpose adj (having many uses)多功能的；多用途的This multipurpose piece of furniture can serve as a chair, couch, or bed.multistory, UK: multistorey adj (having several floors or levels)多层的；多重的muntin (US), sash bar (UK) n (construction: window bar)窗格条muscle fiber (US), muscle fibre (UK) n often plural (muscular tissue)肌肉纤维；肌纤维music box, UK: musical box n (box that plays mechanical music)音乐盒When I was a child, I had a music box with a ballerina who twirled as the music played.musical theater (US), musical theatre (UK) n (drama with singing and dancing)音乐剧；歌舞剧Tina is training for a career in musical theatre.mustache (US), moustache (UK) n (hair above lip) (唇上方的)胡须；八字胡How long did it take you to grow your moustache?你的胡子蓄了多久？mustachioed (US), moustachioed (UK) adj (having a mustache)有八字须的myasthenia, also UK: myasthenia n (pathology: muscle weakness)肌无力myasthenia gravis, also UK: myasthenia gravis n (pathology: muscular weakness)重症肌无力mythicize [sth/sb], also UK: mythicise [sth/sb] vtr (turn into a myth)将…神化mythicize [sth], also UK: mythicise [sth] vtr (interpret [sth] as myth)将…诠释为神话mythologize [sth/sb], also UK: mythologise [sth/sb] vtr (make mythical)神化；为...造神mythologize, also UK: mythologise vi (create myths)编神话；写神话故事nail polish, UK: nail varnish n (cosmetics: lacquer for nails)指甲油My sister has at least ten different colors of nail polish.我姐姐有至少十种不同颜色的指甲油。nail polish remover, also UK: nail varnish remover n (solvent for removing nail polish)指甲油清洗剂；指甲油去除剂nanometer (US), nanometre (UK) n (unit of measure)毫微米napkin, table napkin, also UK: serviette n (table napkin: for meal)餐巾；餐巾纸Erin wiped her mouth with a napkin.An embroidered serviette was placed next to each plate.艾琳用餐巾纸擦了擦嘴。// 每个盘子旁边铺着一张刺绣餐巾。narcotization, also UK: narcotisation n (stupefaction, drugging)麻醉narcotize [sb], also UK: narcotise [sb] vtr (stupefy [sb] with drugs)使进入麻醉状态；使昏迷nasalization, also UK: nasalisation n (pronunciation through the nose) (发音)鼻音nasalize [sth], also UK: nasalise [sth] vtr (pronounce [sth] through the nose)把…发成鼻音；用鼻音发；使鼻音化nationalization, also UK: nationalisation n (conversion to government ownership)国有化nationalize [sth], also UK: nationalise [sth] vtr (make [sth] government-run)国有化The movement to nationalize healthcare is unpopular in the US.医疗保健国有化运动在美国并不受追捧。natural color (US), natural colour (UK) n (hair: real shade) (指头发)本色，自然色Her hair is blond, but I think it's not her natural color. Is that your hair's natural color, or do you dye your hair?naturalization, also UK: naturalisation n (acquiring citizenship)入籍；归化naturalization, also UK: naturalisation n (adapting to an environment)适应环境；习惯环境naturalization certificate, also UK: naturalisation certificate n (citizenship document)入籍证明；归化证书naturalize [sb], also UK: naturalise [sb] vtr (award citizenship to [sb]) (使外国人拥有本国国籍)使…入籍The government naturalized Javier after he had spent ten years in the US.naturalize [sth], also UK: naturalise [sth] vtr (put [sth] in new habitat)使…适应新生长环境The biologists naturalized the endangered frog species in California.naturalized, also UK: naturalised adj (made citizen of a country)归化的，入籍的naturalized citizen, also UK: naturalised citizen n (person: new nationality)已入籍公民；已归化公民I was born in Mexico, but became a US naturalized citizen by the amnesty offered in 1986.nebulizer, also UK: nebuliser n (spray device for asthma)喷雾器neighbor (US), neighbour (UK) n (person who lives close by)邻居；邻人We just moved here so we haven't met the neighbors yet.我们刚搬到这里，所以还没见到过邻居。neighbor (US), neighbour (UK) n figurative (nearby counterpart)邻近之人，邻近之物，身旁之人，附近之物；邻国Do you mean the two-story yellow house or its neighbor?你是说那栋黄色的二层房屋，还是它临近的那一栋？neighbor (US), neighbour (UK) n (nearby country)邻国Our country is in a good position with our friendly neighbors to the north and south.我们的国家位置不错，北方和南方都是友好的邻国。neighbor (US), neighbour (UK) n (Bible: fellow person) (圣经)邻人One of Jesus's commandments was that we should love our neighbours.neighbor [sth] (US), neighbour [sth] (UK) vtr (be near)临近；毗邻neighborhood (US), neighbourhood (UK) n (local area, quarter) (居住地方)街区，城区，居民区； (位置)临近地区，附近This neighborhood has several good restaurants.这附近有好几家不错的餐馆。neighborhood (US), neighbourhood (UK) n as adj (local) (位置)附近的，临近的； (居住地方)邻里的，邻居之间的The neighborhood cats come to our door all the time.这附近的猫总跑到我们的房门前。neighborhood (US), neighbourhood (UK) n (mathematics: set of points) (数学)点集neighborhood watch (US), neighbourhood watch (UK) n (surveillance program)邻里守望相助项目；邻里监督组织neighboring (US), neighbouring (UK) adj (area, etc.: nearby) (英式英语为neighbouring)附近的, 邻近的The neighboring town is just two miles away.neighboring (US), neighbouring (UK) adj (country, state: bordering another) (英式英语为neighbouring)毗邻的, 接壤的California's neighboring states are Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona.neighborliness (US), neighbourliness (UK) n (friendly to neighbors)睦邻，睦邻友好neighborly (US), neighbourly (UK) adj (helpful, friendly)邻居般友善的neorealism, also UK: neo-realism n (art, cinema: social realist style) (艺术、电影)新现实主义nerve center (US), nerve centre (UK) n (anatomy: bunch of nerve cells) (解剖学)神经中枢nerve center (US), nerve centre (UK) n figurative (control centre, headquarters)中心，中枢In the 16th century, Venice was the nerve centre of global communications.neutralization, also UK: neutralisation n (counteraction of an effect)抵消；中和neutralization, also UK: neutralisation n (rendering [sth] ineffective)使某事物无效；使某事物不起作用；抵消；中和neutralization, also UK: neutralisation n euphemism (destroying a threat)消灭，毁灭neutralize [sth], also UK: neutralise [sth] vtr (chemistry: make pH neutral) (化学)中和The chemical additive neutralizes the solution.化学添加剂能中和溶液。neutralize [sth], also UK: neutralise [sth] vtr (counteract, negate [sth])抵消The candidate's campaign team tried to neutralize the bad effects of the debate.neutralizer, UK: neutraliser n ([sth] that counters an effect)中和剂；抵消剂a new lease on life (US), a new lease of life (UK) n (fresh enthusiasm for living) (英式英语为a new lease of life)重新振作Losing all that weight gave me a new lease on life.new math (US), new maths (UK) n uncountable, historical, abbreviation (new mathematics) (new mathematics的缩写形式)新数学，数学集论教学体系newfound, also UK: new-found adj (newly discovered)新发现的After visiting Japan, I have a newfound love of sushi.news flash, also UK: newsflash n (public information bulletin)新闻快讯The regular programme was interrupted to bring a news flash regarding an explosion in the capital.newsdealer (US), newsagent (UK) n (seller of newspapers)报刊经销人；报刊商人next-door neighbor (US), next-door neighbour (UK) n often plural (person: in next house, apartment)隔壁邻居My next-door neighbor is always waking me up with his loud music.niter (US), nitre (UK) n (powder: saltpeter) (粉状的)硝石No offense (US), No offence (UK) interj (I do not intend this as an insult)恕我冒犯；恕我直言No offence, but that hairstyle doesn't suit you at all.nobody, no one, also UK: no-one pron (not one person)没有人；无人备注: "Nobody" is slightly more informal than "no one"Peter threw a party, but nobody showed up. I thought I heard someone, but there was no one there.彼得举办了一个聚会，但没有人参加。 我觉得听到有人在，但那边根本没人。nobody else, no one else, also UK: no-one else pron (not any other person)除了…以外没有人nominalization, also UK: nominalisation n (grammar: conversion to noun)名词化nominalize [sth], also UK: nominalise [sth] vtr (grammar: convert to a noun) (语法)名词化non-amortizable, also UK: non-amortisable adj (finance: cost cannot be written off)不可摊销的non-profit, not-for-profit, also UK: non-profit-making adj (organization: not run for income)非盈利的He donates money to several non-profit-making charities.nonacceptance, also UK: non-acceptance n (denial, refusal)否定；反对nonacceptance, also UK: non-acceptance n (rejection)拒绝；不接受nonaggression, also UK: non-aggression n (policy of not initiating hostilities)互不侵犯政策；互不侵略政策nonalcoholic, also UK: non-alcoholic, alcohol-free adj (not containing alcohol)不含酒精的；无醇的The recovering alcoholic asked for a non-alcoholic beer at the wedding.nonalcoholic beverage (US), non-alcoholic beverage (UK) n (drink: no alcohol)不含酒精的饮料；无醇饮料Beer, wine, and non-alcoholic beverages will be served.nonaligned, also UK: non-aligned adj (nation: neutral) (指国家)不结盟的，处于中立地位的nonalignment (US), non-alignment (UK) n (political neutrality)不结盟；中立地位nonappearance, also UK: non-appearance n (failure to appear)未到场；未出现nonappearance, also UK: non-appearance n (law: failure to appear in court) (法律术语)未出庭，未到法院nonattendance, also UK: non-attendance n (absence, failure to be present)未出席；缺席；不在场nonbeliever, also UK: non-believer n (atheist)无神论者My family was disappointed when I told them that I was a nonbeliever.nonbeliever, also UK: non-believer n (non-religious person)没有信仰的人Our church welcomes nonbelievers who are open-minded.noncombustible, also UK: non-combustible adj (that will not burn)不可燃的；无法燃烧的The carpenter installed noncombustible gypsum board between the chimney and the wood framing.noncompliance, also UK: non-compliance n (disobedience) (对规章、命令等)不服从，不顺从Noncompliance will be punished by immediate termination.nondesirable, also UK: non-desirable adj (undesirable: not wanted)不想要的，不受欢迎的nondisclosure, also UK: non-disclosure n (law: withholding information) (法律术语)不公开，不泄露，不披露nondisclosure, also UK: non-disclosure adj (law: failing to reveal information) (法律)未能披露的nonexistence (US), non-existence (UK) n (absence, lack)不存在nonfiction, also UK: non-fiction n (factual literature)记实文学；非小说类文学作品She had read all of the author's novels but none of his nonfiction.nonfiction, also UK: non-fiction adj (literature: factual) (文学作品)非虚构的，真实的The nonfiction section of the library is upstairs.nonfood, UK: non-food n ([sth] not edible)非食物；非食用品nonfood, UK: non-food adj (relating to what is not edible)非食物的；非食用的nonfulfillment (US), non-fulfillment (US), nonfulfilment (UK), non-fulfilment (UK) n (law: breach)不履行；不执行nongovernmental organization, also UK: non-governmental organization, non-governmental organisation, nongovernmental organisation n (activism: independent group)非政府组织They are a non-governmental organization who are attempting to change the way America views the world.nonjudgmental, non-judgmental (US), non-judgemental (UK) adj (not morally critical)不（按照个人好恶）进行道德评判的；客观评定的nonnegotiable (US), non-negotiable (UK) adj (not open to deals)无协商余地的；无谈判余地的nonnegotiable (US), non-negotiable (UK) adj (finance: bond not for sale) (金融)不可转让的nonpayment, also UK: non-payment n (failure to pay an amount)未付款；不付款nonperformance, also UK: non-performance n (failure, underachievement)表现不佳；成绩不佳nonperformance, also UK: non-performance n (law: failure to meet obligation)未履行nonperformance, also UK: non-performance adj (not related to public performance) (指音乐或戏剧等)未公开演出的nonperishable, also UK: non-perishable adj (that will not spoil or decay)不会腐败的；不变质的Nonperishable food items include tinned goods, pasta, coffee, tea, and sugar.nonpracticing, non-practicing (US), non-practising (UK) adj (not following religious customs)不遵循宗教习俗的nonpracticing, non-practicing (US), non-practising (UK) adj (not professionally active)未从事业务的；未开业的nonprofit (US), non-profit (UK) adj (business: not run for profit) (商业等)非盈利的The nonprofit organization removes plastic from beaches.nonprofit (US), non-profit (UK) n informal (law: organization)非营利组织Although Samuel works for a nonprofit, he earns good money.nonprofit organization (US), non-profit organization, non-profit organisation (UK) n (law: no profit motive)非营利组织；非盈利组织nonrecourse, also UK: non-recourse adj (loan: property secured) (贷款)无追索权的nonresident, also UK: non-resident n ([sb] not living in a given place)不住在特定住所的人；走读生Non-residents do not have access to the gym or the pool.nonresident, also UK: non-resident adj (not living in a given place)不住在特定住所的；不寄宿的； (学生)走读的Non-resident students should stay in regular contact with the college via email.nonresident, also UK: non-resident adj (not requiring residency)通勤的, 走读的There are both resident and nonresident positions available.nonsmoker, also UK: non-smoker n ([sb] who does not smoke)不抽烟的人；不吸烟的人I only date non-smokers because they smell better than smokers.nonsmoking, no-smoking, also UK: non-smoking adj (area: where smoking is prohibited) (指区域)非吸烟的，禁烟的This is a nonsmoking area - please extinguish your cigarette before entering.nonsovereign, also UK: non-sovereign adj (nation: not independent)非主权的；非独立的nonstop, also UK: non-stop adj (continual)不间断的Audrey is fed up of the non-stop rain.nonstop, also UK: non-stop adj (relentless)不停的Simon's nonstop criticism is really irritating.nonstop, also UK: non-stop adj (direct, without stopping)不断的，不停歇的，无休止的；直达的，不停的Sonia took a nonstop flight from New York to Dallas.nonstop, also UK: non-stop adv (incessantly, continuously)不断地，不停歇地，无休止地；直达地，不停地Betty talked nonstop and constantly annoyed her coworkers.nontaxable, also UK: non-taxable adj (exempt from tax)免税的；不用交税的normalization, also UK: normalisation n (process: standardization)标准化normalization, also UK: normalisation n (process: returning to usual state)正常化normalization, also UK: normalisation n (process: adopting as standard)正规化；规范化normalize [sth], also UK: normalise [sth] vtr (treat [sth] as normal)使正常；使正常化It's important not to normalize abusive or unpleasant behaviour.normalize [sth], also UK: normalise [sth] vtr (database: reduce redundancy) (数据库)使规范化备注: 去除重复的数据，增加数据的一致性The developers are currently normalizing the database.nosedive, also UK: nose dive n (aircraft: rapid fall, plunge) (飞行器等)快速下降；急坠The plane's nosedive was frightening, but fortunately it quickly corrected course.飞机突然下降，非常可怕，但幸运的是飞机很快纠正了航向。nosedive, also UK: nose dive n figurative (rapid decrease) (比喻)快速下跌，暴跌The nosedive in salaries was due to the poor economy.薪资暴跌的原因是不景气的经济。not bat an eyelash (US), not bat an eyelid (UK) v expr figurative, informal (be impassive, not react) (比喻，非正式用语)眼睛都不眨一下；完全没有反应The defendant didn't bat an eyelid when the prosecutor suggested she had intended to commit murder.notarization, also UK: notarisation n (legal certification)公证；作公证notarize [sth], also UK: notarise [sth] vtr (validate, certify [sth])对…进行公证The secretary is a notary, so she can notarize your affidavit here in the office.novelization, also UK: novelisation n (turning into a novel)小说化；改写为小说novelize [sth], also UK: novelise [sth] vtr (fictionalize [sth] as a novel)使小说化；将…改写为小说nude color (US), nude colour (UK) n (flesh hue)裸色，肉色oarlock (US), rowlock (UK) n (ring holding a boat's oar)挂船桨的架子；桨架occupational socialization, also UK: occupational socialisation n (acquisition of work skills)职业社会化备注: 个体适应需要掌握职业相关技能ocher (US), ochre (UK) n (yellow-brown earth pigment)土黄色颜料；赭色颜料ocher (US), ochre (UK) n (yellowish-brown colour)土黄色；赭色ocher (US), ochre (UK) adj (yellowish-brown in colour)土黄色的；赭色的ocher [sth] (US), ochre [sth] (UK) vtr (colour with ochre)给...涂上黄土色odd-jobman (US), odd-job man (UK) n (male who does casual manual work) (男性)勤杂工, 杂工odor (US), odour (UK) n (unpleasant smell)臭味There was an awful odor coming from the sink.odor (US), odour (UK) n (distinctive smell)气味；香气；臭气It was a warm evening and the odor of barbecues hung over the suburban gardens.odor (US), odour (UK) n figurative (pervasive quality)迹象；氛围There is an odour of xenophobia about that minister's words.odorless (US), odourless (UK) adj (having no smell)没有气味的；无嗅的；无味的Though odorless, the gas was deadly nonetheless.off color, off-color (US), off colour, off-colour (UK) adj informal, figurative (joke, etc.: obscene, in bad taste) (指玩笑等)不太正经的；有点下流的备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the nounThe joke was a little off color.Jim is known for telling off-colour jokes.off-center (US), off-centre (UK) adj (to the side of center)偏离中心的off-licence (UK), liquor store (US) n (shop selling alcohol)酒铺；酒店I stopped by the liquor store and bought a bottle of rum for tonight's party.off-licence (UK), liquor license (US) n (permit to sell alcohol)卖酒执照；售酒执照This shop doesn't have an off-licence so we'll have to buy our beers elsewhere.off-the-peg (UK), off-the-rack (US) adj (clothing: ready to wear) (衣服)现成的offense (US), offence (UK) n (breaking of a rule)触犯规定；犯规Her only offense was to speak without asking permission.offense (US), offence (UK) n (crime)犯法；违法犯罪行为It is an offense to tamper with the smoke detector.offense (US), offence (UK) n (insult, affront)冒犯；触怒The minister's outdated views are an offense to all women.offense (US), offence (UK) n uncountable (reaction: outrage)生气；不悦We didn't expect them to take offense at so simple a question.officially recognize [sth/sb], also UK: officially recognise [sth/sb] adv + vtr (confer legal status)正式承认Many Western countries have officially recognised Kosovo.许多西方国家都已正式承认了科索沃。officially recognize [sth/sb] as [sth], also UK: officially recognise [sth/sb] as [sth] v expr (confer specific legal status)将…正式承认为British Sign Language was officially recognised as a language of the UK in 2003.omelet (US), omelette (UK) n (dish: beaten, cooked eggs) (美式拼法)煎蛋饼，煎蛋卷Let's have mushroom omelets for breakfast.on draft (US), on draught (UK) adv (beer: on tap) (啤酒)散装的The pub has ten different beers on draft.on standby, also UK: on stand-by adv (people: in a state of readiness)待命状态；准备行动状态The news crews were on standby, waiting for a big announcement from the president.新闻工作组已整装待发，等待总统发布重大消息。on [sb]'s coattails, on the coattails of [sb] (US), on [sb]'s coat-tails (UK) expr (succeed: thanks to [sb] else)在…提携之下；靠…提携on the double, also UK: at the double expr (very fast)快速地；飞快地；赶紧on the order of [sth] (US), of the order of [sth] (UK) expr (with this order of magnitude)以...的程度；以...的严重性on the order of (US), of the order of, in the order of (UK) expr (approximately)大致的；大约的；与...相近的on the weekend (mainly US), on weekends (mainly US), at the weekend (UK), at weekends (UK) adv (on Saturdays or Sundays)在周末The City of London is quiet at the weekend.on the weekend (mainly US), at the weekend (UK) adv (last Saturday or Sunday)上周末；上一个周末I saw Steve on the weekend and he told me to say hi to you.on the weekend (mainly US), at the weekend (UK) adv (next Saturday or Sunday)下周末；下一个周末Bye for now! See you on the weekend!on vacation (US), on holiday (UK) adv (taking time away from work)在度假；休假中My boss is on vacation for the next two weeks.She disappeared while on vacation in Aruba.one-way ticket, also UK: single ticket, single n (transport: single-journey fare)单程票I didn't know when I would be coming back, so I bought a one-way ticket.onesie, also UK: babygro n mainly US (baby's all-in-one garment)连体衣；婴儿装onetime (US), one-time (UK) adj (former)曾经的；过去的；过去的To look at her now, you'd never believe she was a onetime supermodel.看看现在的她，你绝不会相信她曾经是超模。onetime (US), one-time (UK) adj (done only once)一次的This is a one-time only offer, the price will go back up tomorrow.这是绝无仅有的一次报价，明天将恢复原价。online banking, on-line banking, e-banking, UK: internet banking n (access to bank via internet)网上银行Online banking certainly makes bill paying much faster and cheaper than before. I don't receive paper statements any more now I've got internet bankingonline store (US), online shop (UK) n (internet shop)网上商店opaque color (US), opaque colour (UK) n uncountable (paint: gouache)水粉画opaque color (US), opaque colour (UK) n (pigment: not transparent) (颜料)不透明色opaque color (US), opaque colour (UK) n (hue: not transparent)不透明的颜色I couldn't see her eyes because her sunglasses were a very opaque color.open enrollment (US), open enrolment (UK) n (higher education) (大学)开放注册open enrollment (US), open enrolment (UK) n (K-12 schooling) (幼儿园至12年级)开放注册open-enrollment (US), open-enrolment (UK) adj (pertaining to open enrollment)开放注册的open-air theater (US), open-air theatre (UK) n (outdoor auditorium)露天剧场They are performing Shakespeare plays at the open-air theatre this summer.open-pit (US), open-cast, opencast (UK) adj (mining)露天开采的；露天采矿的operagoer, also UK: opera-goer n (someone who attends operas)经常看歌剧的人operating room (US), operating theatre (UK) n (room where surgery is performed)手术室The surgeon went into his operating room to perform surgery.Operating theatres cannot be completely sterile.operations research (US), operational research (UK) n (mathematical engineering)运筹学opt in favor of [sth] (US), opt in favour of [sth] (UK) v expr (choose over [sth] else)选择We opted in favor of a smaller, more economical car.optician, also UK: optician's n (business that sells eyeglasses)眼镜商；眼镜店Harry always buys his glasses at the optician on his street.哈里总是在他所在街区的眼镜店购买眼镜。optimization, also UK: optimisation n (making [sth] the best)最优化；最佳化The software needed optimization.optimize [sth], also UK: optimise [sth] vtr (make best use of [sth])充分利用Optimize your time to prepare yourself for the exams.optimize [sth], also UK: optimise [sth] vtr (make [sth] optimal)优化；使最佳化；尽量完善The company optimized the new product for maximum sales.organdy (US), organdie (UK) n (sheer fabric) (一种纱)蝉翼薄纱organization, also UK: organisation n (company, group)机构；组织Our organisation promotes women's rights.我们的机构提倡女性权利。organization, also UK: organisation n (planning) (指动作或状态)组织，组织工作Sophie is in charge of the organization of a committee to look into developing new business areas.索菲负责组织委员会，研究如何发展新的业务领域。organization, also UK: organisation n (coordinating people)编组Organization of this group of tourists was a hard job for the tour guide.编组这群游客对导游来说很不容易。organization, also UK: organisation n (arrangement)整理；有条理地安排；布置Alison is supervising the organization of the tables and chairs for the dinner.Jim dedicated the afternoon to the organization of his CD collection.艾莉森监督晚餐的桌椅布置。// 吉姆一下午都在整理他收藏的CD。organization, also UK: organisation n (company hierarchy) (公司的)体制，结构This chart shows the company's organisation, from the CEO down to the office junior.这份图表显示了公司的结构，从执行总裁到办公室职员。organization, also UK: organisation n (structure)结构；构造；构成The organisation of the digestive system allows food to be broken down efficiently.消化系统的结构可有效地分解食物。organization chart, also UK: organisation chart n (diagram of hierarchy)组织图；组织结构图organization name, also UK: organisation name n (name of a company, group)组织名字；组织名称；机构名称organization structure, also UK: organisation structure n (company hierarchy)组织结构organizational, also UK: organisational adj (relating to an organization)组织的；机构的The organizational culture at my company is very friendly.organizational, also UK: organisational adj (relating to organizing)机构的；组织上的The project has had terrible organizational problems all along.organize [sth], also UK: organise [sth] vtr (event: arrange)组织；举办；安排Bill is organising Ellen's fiftieth birthday party. Vanessa is organizing the company's AGM.比尔正在为艾伦组织50岁生日聚会。范奈莎正在组织公司年会。organize [sb], also UK: organise [sb] vtr (people: co-ordinate)把…组织起来；把…编成组The tour guide organises her group before setting off.出发前，导游把自己的旅行团组织起来。organize [sth], also UK: organise [sth] vtr (tidy, put [sth] in order)整理Lucas is organizing his books.卢卡斯正在整理自己的书。organize, also UK: organise vi (form a trade union)组成工会The workforce organized.organize [sth/sb], also UK: organise [sth/sb] vtr (form a group) (组织、团体等)成立，组成Carl is organizing a committee to look at cost efficiency within the company.organize [sb/sth], also UK: organise [sb/sth] vtr (enlist in a trade union)把…组织成工会，；把…的职工组成工会Union reps organised the workforce.organize [sth] in a hierarchy, also UK: organise [sth] in a hierarchy v expr (rank)按等级高低排列organize [sth] into a hierarchy, also UK: organise [sth] into a hierarchy v expr (rank, order by importance)按等级高低排列Carolus Linnaeus started organizing animals into a taxonomic hierarchy in the early 1700's.organized, also UK: organised adj (person: efficient) (人)有组织的，高效的She's very organized: I think she'd make a good manager.她非常高效，我认为，她能胜任经理一职。organized, also UK: organised adj (objects: in order) (事物)有序的，井井有条的Nothing was ever organized in his study.他的书房从来都杂乱无章。organized, also UK: organised adj (religion: institutionalized) (宗教)有组织的，有制度的Organized religions emphasize group worship and activity.有组织的宗教均强调团体崇拜和团体活动。organized, also UK: organised adj (crime: structured) (犯罪)计划好的，有组织的Organized gangs moved into the area after the war.战争后，该地区出现了有组织的犯罪。organized, also UK: organised adj (worker: belonging to a union)参加工会的；有工会组织的Organised workers have more control over their working environment.有公会的工人能够更好地控制自己的工作环境。organized crime, also UK: organised crime n (crime by groups)有组织犯罪Illegal drugs are often brought into the country by organized crime.organized labor (US), organized labour, organised labour (UK) n (workers belonging to a union) (总称)加入工会的工人，工会会员Economists have long debated the impact of organized labour on workplace productivity.organizer, also UK: organiser n ([sb] organizing an event)组织者；主办者；筹办者Check with the organizer if you have questions about the conference schedule.organizer, also UK: organiser n (job: events organizer) (职位)项目策划人, 项目筹办员I love planning weddings, so I decided to become an organizer.organizer, also UK: organiser n (book: personal organizer)记事簿；记事本Mary wrote down the date in her organizer.organizer, also UK: organiser n (gadget: PDA device) (一种个人掌上电脑工具)万用笔记本I'll confirm our lunch date once I check my organizer.organizing, also UK: organising adj (cohesive)把…组织在一起的The company's organizing principle is sustainability.organizing, also UK: organising n (coordinating, organization)组织；安排Let's meet on Friday to discuss the organizing.orient [sb] (US), orientate [sb] (UK) vtr (familiarize [sb] with [sth])使…熟悉情况Martin's job was to orient new students during their first week on the campus.orient [sth] to [sth], orient [sth] toward [sth] (US), orientate [sth] towards [sth] (UK) vtr + prep (adjust, position [sth])定位；定向；摆正方位Sally oriented her plants to the south for the best sunlight.orient yourself, also UK: orientate yourself vtr + refl mainly US (get bearings)使自己熟悉情况；使自己熟悉环境oriented (US), orientated (UK) adj US (positioned)以…为方向的；以……为目的的The garage is oriented at a right angle to the house.oriented (US), orientated (UK) adj US (familiar with surroundings) (对新环境)熟悉的，适应的We'll need a few days to become oriented here.oriented toward [sb/sth], (US), orientated towards [sb/sth] (UK) adj US (focused on)以…为重点的；以…为方向的；重视…的The resort is oriented toward young couples without children.orthopedics (US), orthopaedics (UK) n uncountable (branch of medicine) (医学)骨外科；整形外科Sarah had back pain, so she looked for a doctor practicing orthopedics.orthopedic (US), orthopaedic (UK) adj (relating to orthopaedics)骨外科的；整形外科的Bonnie stopped wearing high heels and switched to orthopedic shoes.orthopedic brace (US), orthopaedic brace (UK) n (calliper or splint)夹板orthopedic specialist (US), orthopaedic specialist (UK) n (bone, joint surgery)骨科专家When I broke my leg, my doctor sent me to consult with an orthopaedic specialist.orthopedic surgeon (US), orthopaedic surgeon (UK) n (operates on bone deformities)骨外科医生，矫形外科医师The fracture was serious enough to require treatment by an orthopaedic surgeon.orthopedic surgery (US), orthopaedic surgery (UK) n (operation: bones, joints)骨科手术orthopedist (US), orthopaedist (UK) n (specialist in skeletal disorders)矫形外科医师ostracize [sb], also UK: ostracise [sb] vtr (exclude [sb] socially)排斥The churchgoers ostracized Jennifer after realizing she was an atheist.down for the count (US), out for the count (UK) adj (boxer: unconscious)被击倒读秒的, 被打晕的down for the count (US), out for the count (UK) adj informal, figurative (asleep)睡着的He's out for the count.be out of favor (US), be out of favor (UK) v expr (have lost popularity)过气；失宠outdated check (US), outdated cheque (UK) n (bank cheque dated in the past)过期支票；outdoor theater (US), outdoor theatre (UK) n (open-air arts venue)露天剧场outmaneuver [sb] (US), outmanoeuvre [sb] (UK) vtr (outwit)比…技高一筹vtr；胜过；赢过ovenproof, also UK: oven-proof, oven proof adj (cookware: heat-resistant) (指烹饪用具)耐热的，抗热的adjoveralls (US), dungarees (UK) npl (jeans with braces)牛仔吊带工装裤The farmer's overalls were covered in mud.那个农夫的牛仔吊带工装裤上全是泥巴。overcapitalize [sth], over-capitalize [sth], also UK: overcapitalise [sth], over-capitalise [sth] vtr (market value)对…的资本估计过高；过高估计…的市值overcapitalize [sth], over-capitalize [sth], also UK: overcapitalise [sth], over-capitalise [sth] vtr (funding)对…投资过多；过多地对…进行投资overelaborate (US), over-elaborate (UK) adj (with excessive detail)过于繁琐的，有很多细枝末节的overelaborate [sth] (US), over-elaborate (UK) vtr (include excessive detail)过分详细地讲述，过于繁琐地制作(或设计等）overemphasize [sth], also UK: overemphasise [sth] vtr (stress [sth] excessively)过度强调；过分突出overgeneralize, also UK: overgeneralise vi (state [sth] too generally)过于泛泛地陈述vi；过于笼统地介绍overpass, also UK: flyover n mainly US (road over another road)天桥；立交桥You can find food vendors under the overpass.overpopulated, also UK: over-populated adj (having too many inhabitants)人口过多（过密、过剩）的The overpopulated apartment building was in violation of city ordinances.overreliant, also UK: over-reliant adj (excessively dependent)过度依赖的，过于依赖的overspecialization, also UK: overspecialisation n (too narrow an area of expertise)过度专门化n；过度专业化overspecialize, also UK: overspecialise vi (area of expertise)过度专门化oxidization, also UK: oxidisation n (chemistry: oxidizing process) (化学)氧化oxidize [sth], also UK: oxidise [sth] vtr (add oxygen)使氧化oxidize, also UK: oxidise vi (become oxidized)氧化oxidized, also UK: oxidised adj (having undergone oxidization)氧化的Brenda makes jewellery from oxidized metal.oxidizer, also UK: oxidiser n (chemistry)氧化剂pack of cigarettes (US), packet of cigarettes (UK) n (10 or 20 cigarettes in a carton)一包香烟；一盒香烟paid vacation (US), paid holiday (UK) n uncountable (time off work with full pay)带薪假期；带薪休假Since I have two weeks of paid vacation, I can take that time off while still receiving an income.This year I'm entitled to three weeks' paid holiday.pain in the ass (US), pain in the arse (UK) n vulgar, figurative, slang (source of annoyance) (比喻，俚语)眼中钉，肉中刺My boss is always looking over my shoulder and is starting to become a real pain in the ass.老板总是在身后监视我，简直成了我的“肉中刺”。pajama pants, pajama bottoms (US), pyjama bottoms, pyjama trousers (UK) npl (sleepwear: lower part)睡裤pajama party (US), pyjama party (UK) n (sleepover)睡衣派对At her pyjama party, Emma and her friends played games and shared make-up.pajama top, pajama shirt (US), pyjama top (UK) n (sleepwear: upper part)衬衫式睡衣上衣pajamas (US), pyjamas (UK) npl (two-piece sleepwear) (宽大的)睡衣裤I can't go out now - I'm already in my pajamas.palatalization, also UK: palatalisation n (pronunciation of consonants) (语音学)腭化，腭音化palatalize [sth], also UK: palatalise [sth] vtr (of pronunciation)使腭化；使腭音化paleographer (US), palaeographer (UK) n ([sb] who studies ancient scripts)古文字学家n；古文书学家paleography (US), palaeography (UK) n (study of ancient writing)古文字学n；古文书学the Paleolithic (US), the Palaeolithic (UK) n (prehistory: Stone Age)旧石器时代Paleolithic, paleolithic (US), Palaeolithic, palaeolithic (UK) adj (belonging to the Stone Age)旧石器时代的paleontologist (US), palaeontologist (UK) n (geologist who studies fossils)古生物学家paleontology (US), palaeontology (UK) n (study of fossils)古生物学Paleozoic (US), Palaeozoic (UK) adj (geologic period) (地质时期)古生代的palletize, also UK: palletise vtr (stack [sth] on a pallet)把…堆在货盘上；把…堆在托盘上装运paneled (US), panelled (UK) adj (made up of wooden panels)镶框的；镶板的paneling (US), panelling (UK) n (panelled surface) (美式拼法)镶板面，嵌板面The paneling was intended to reduce noise.paneling (US), panelling (UK) n (wooden panels)面板，镶板，嵌板The hotel replaced the paneling with a more contemporary drywall.panelist (US), panellist (UK) n (discussion, judging, etc.) (美式拼写)特别小组成员，专题讨论组成员We invited a number of celebrities to be panelists on the show, but unfortunately they all declined!pant leg (US), trouser leg (UK) (pair of pants: leg)裤腿pant suit (US), pantsuit (US), trouser suit (UK) n US (women's shirt and trousers)女士西裤套装Sheryl bought herself a new pantsuit that really looks good on her.pants (US), trousers (UK) npl (clothing for the legs)长裤；裤子Mary's pants had a hole in the knee.玛丽长裤的膝盖部位有一个破洞。pants, pant (US), trouser (UK) n as adj (relating to trousers)裤子的；长裤的This pant leg isn't wide enough.这条裤子的裤筒不够宽。paper airplane (US), paper aeroplane (UK), paper plane n (plane: folded paper)纸飞机The children threw paper airplanes across the room.paper route (US), paper round (UK) n (job delivering newspapers)送报的工作；送报A lot of teenagers do paper rounds to earn some extra pocket money.parade [sth/sb] around, also UK: parade [sth/sb] about vtr + adv (display ostentatiously)招摇地展示；炫耀paralyze [sb] (US), paralyse [sb] (UK) vtr (make [sb] immobile)使…瘫痪The car accident paralyzed the victim.paralyze [sth] (US), paralyse [sth] (UK) vtr (body part: make immobile)使瘫痪；使麻痹The stroke paralyzed the right side of Bob's face.paralyze [sb] (US), paralyse [sb] (UK) vtr figurative (make [sb] unable to act)使…不能活动；使...瘫痪；使...不敢动Fear paralyzed the bank teller during the robbery.paralyze [sth] (US), paralyse [sth] (UK) vtr figurative (bring [sth] to a standstill)使…停顿，使…停滞； (比喻)使...瘫痪Disputes paralyzed the legal settlement for months before an agreement was reached.paralyzed (US), paralysed (UK) adj (person: unable to move)瘫痪的paralyzed on one side, also UK: paralysed on one side adj (hemiplegic)偏瘫Ever since my uncle had his stroke, he's been paralyzed on one side.parenthesize [sth], also UK: parenthesise [sth] vtr (grammar: put [sth] between brackets)加括号于；加括弧于parking lot, car lot, lot (US), car park (UK) n (vehicle parking area)停车场I left my car in the parking lot.我把车停在停车场了。parlor (US), parlour (UK) n dated (reception room)接待室；会客室Jim uses the old “parlour” as his workshop.parlormaid (US), parlourmaid (UK) n dated (type of maid)侍候用餐和应门的女仆；客厅女侍particularization, also UK: particularisation n (process: making, becoming specific)专门化；细化particularize [sth], also UK: particularise [sth] vtr formal (specify [sth])详尽叙述；详细举例；具体说明party favor, favor (US), party favour (UK) n (gift for party guest)派对礼物pass [sth] around, pass around [sth], also UK: pass [sth] round, pass round [sth] vtr + adv (distribute)分发；发放They passed around sandwiches and drinks at the party.pass [sth] around [sth], also UK: pass [sth] round [sth] vtr + prep (circulate)传递, 传阅Please sign the petition and pass it round the office.pass judgment, also UK: pass judgement vtr + n (criticize)作出批评；作出负面评价We shouldn't pass judgement on him; he's doing the best that he can.pass judgment, also UK: pass judgement vtr + n (give opinion)给出判断；作出评判I won't pass judgement until I've heard the whole story.passenger car (US), passenger carriage (UK) n (carriage of a train) (火车的)客车厢The ticket inspector walked through the passenger car and checked all the tickets.passivization, also UK: passivisation n (putting a verb into the passive) (将动词)变为被动，被动化nspaghetti sauce (US), pasta sauce (UK) n (savory liquid for a pasta dish)意大利面酱pastel color (US), pastel colour (UK) n (pale hue)柔色；淡色She chose a pastel colour for her dress; pastels are 'in' this Spring.pasteurization, also UK: pasteurisation n (heat treatment of milk)巴氏消毒，巴氏灭菌；巴氏消毒法，巴氏灭菌法We only sell milk that has undergone pasteurization.pasteurize [sth], also UK: pasteurise [sth] vtr (treat [sth] to kill germs)对…进行巴氏消毒；对…进行巴氏灭菌The farm pasteurized the milk in order to make cheese.pasteurized, also UK: pasteurised adj (food: undergone heat treatment) (食物)经过巴氏消毒的，经过巴氏灭菌的pasteurized milk, also UK: pasteurised milk n (treated milk)经巴氏消毒的牛奶Pasteurised milk is safe to drink, but micro filtering milk preserves the taste and the 'good' bacteria.pasteurizer, UK: pasteuriser n (machine for pasteurising milk)巴氏杀菌机器ndown pat (US), off pat (UK) adv (off by heart, memorized)记得非常清楚；了解透彻，烂熟于胸Allison didn't need any notes, as she had her speech down pat.艾莉森不需要任何笔记，因为她对自己的演讲内容已经烂熟于胸。the path of least resistance, also UK: the line of least resistance n (easiest way to move forward)最省力的途径；最容易的方法pathologize [sth], also UK: pathologise [sth] vtr (psychology: treat [sth] as abnormal) (心理学)病态化patronize [sb], also UK: patronise [sb] vtr (treat [sb] condescendingly)屈尊俯就；以高人一等的态度对待Henry thinks he's so much better than Imogen; he's always patronising her.patronize [sth], also UK: patronise [sth] vtr formal (be a regular customer)常常光顾；常到We've been patronizing this hotel for fifteen years.patronize [sth/sb], also UK: patronise [sth/sb] vtr (support, esp. financially)赞助；支援The foundation patronizes several young artists at a time.patronizer, UK: patroniser n (condescending person)表现出屈尊态度的人n；以恩人自居的人patronizer, UK: patroniser n (frequent customer)常客n；老主顾patronizing, also UK: patronising adj (condescending)居高临下的；自认更优越的John talks to deaf people in a patronizing way, by speaking loudly and using small words.pauperize [sb], also UK: pauperise [sb] vtr (make [sb] poor)使贫穷；使贫困pawn shop, pawnshop (US), pawnbroker's (UK) n (loans on personal property)当铺The murder weapon was purchased at a local pawn shop.pay raise (US), pay rise (UK) n (increase in wages, salary)涨工资；加薪Staff are expected to settle for a pay rise of around 1%.paycheck (US), pay cheque (UK) n (wage or salary check)薪水支票The company hands out paychecks every Friday.payoff, also UK: pay-off n informal (bribe)贿赂The drug dealer offered the police officer a payoff to look the other way.payoff, also UK: pay-off n (redundancy payment)解约金；解聘金Simon was made redundant last year, but after thirty years with the same company, he got a good payoff.payoff, also UK: pay-off n (profit)盈利The backers are hoping for a quick payoff on their investments.payoff, also UK: pay-off n informal (advantage)好处；收益Learning a new language is hard work, but the payoff is that you can communicate with a whole new group of people.payoff, also UK: pay-off n (amount to clear debt)全部偿还；偿清Quentin handed over the payoff and was relieved to know he was now clear of debt.peacekeeping, also UK: peace-keeping n (prevention of war)维和；维护和平The United Nations' efforts toward peacekeeping were appreciated by the civilians.peacekeeping, also UK: peace-keeping adj (for preventing war)维和的；维护和平的Peacekeeping forces moved into the war-torn area.peaked (US), peaky (UK) adj informal (pale, unwell) (非正式用语)憔悴的，面有病态的Leo's mother was worried by his listlessness and his peaked complexion.pearl gray (US), pearl grey (UK) n (colour: shimmery gray) (颜色)珍珠灰Do these shoes come in pearl gray?pearl gray, pearl-gray (US), pearl grey, pearl-grey (UK) adj (shimmery grey)稍带蓝色的浅灰色；珍珠灰备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the nounThe visitor was wearing an elegant pearl-grey dress.pedestrianization, also UK: pedestrianisation n (street conversion)步行区化；步行街化；行人专用化pedestrianize [sth], also UK: pedestrianise [sth] vtr (open [sth] only to those on foot)使只对行人开放；使成为行人专用pediatrics (US), paediatrics (UK) n uncountable (medical care of children)儿科；小儿科pediatric (US), paediatric (UK) adj (relating to children's medicine)儿科的；小儿科的pediatrician (US), paediatrician (UK) n (children's doctor)儿科医生；儿科医师Molly took her son to the pediatrician when he had an earache.pedo (US), paedo (UK) n pejorative, slang (sexually attracted to children)恋童癖We left the park early because there was a creepy pedo watching all of the children.pedology (US), paedology (UK) n (study of children)婴幼儿科学pedophile (US), paedophile (UK) n (sexually attracted to children)有恋童癖的人The pedophile served ten years in prison for molesting children.pedophilia (US), paedophilia (UK) n (sexual attraction to children)恋童癖The man was accused of pedophilia because he spent long afternoons watching children in the park.peekaboo, also UK: peekaboo, peepo, peep-bo, peepbo n (hiding game for baby)躲躲猫备注: 一种逗小孩的的游戏，把脸藏在手里忽然把手拿开Mothers often play peekaboo with their babies.pen pal, pen-pal, penpal, also UK: penfriend, pen-friend, pen friend n (friend with whom one corresponds)笔友When I was a child, I had a penpal in Mexico to whom I wrote letters.当我还是个孩子的时候，我有个住在墨西哥可以书信往来的笔友。penalization, also UK: penalisation n (act of imposing a penalty)施以惩处；处罚penalize [sb], also UK: penalise [sb] vtr (punish [sb])处罚；判罚The school penalized students who were late to class by subtracting points from their grades.penalize [sb] for [sth], also UK: penalise [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (punish [sb] for [sth])为某事处罚某人We don't penalize children for creativity; we reward them.penalize [sb] for doing [sth], also UK: penalise [sb] for doing [sth] v expr (punish [sb] for doing [sth])为做了某事而处罚某人The store penalizes people for shoplifting by calling the police.penalize [sb], also UK: penalise [sb] vtr (subject to a disadvantage)使...处于不利地位；对...不利The austerity measures announced in the budget will penalise poorer families.penciled (US), pencilled (UK) adj (written in pencil)用铅笔写的Sam left a pencilled note on the desk.periodontitis, pyorrhea (US), pyorrhoea (UK) n (periodontal disease)牙周炎npersnickety (US), pernickety (UK) adj informal (person: pedantic, fastidious)爱挑剔的；吹毛求疵的persnickety (US), pernickety (UK) adj informal (task: detailed, fiddly) (非正式用语)过分挑剔的；难以取悦的person of color (US), person of colour (UK) n mainly US, often plural ([sb] of non-white descent)有色人种personalization, also UK: personalisation n (making [sth] personal)个性化Computer technology can increase the personalization of learning.personalize [sth], also UK: personalise [sth] vtr (make [sth] personally meaningful)使个性化；使个人化You should personalize your blog with details from your own experiences.personalize [sth], also UK: personalise [sth] vtr (customize [sth])根据个人要求定制；按个人要求定做The woman personalized her clothing by having it tailored to her exact measurements.personalize [sth], also UK: personalise [sth] vtr (mark [sth] with name, initials) (表示某人专用)为…标上某人的姓名The bride and groom personalized their wedding rings by inscribing them with the couple's initials.personalized, also UK: personalised adj (made personally meaningful) (争端等)被个人化的，针对个人的The personalized book had a lovely dedication from the author.personalized, also UK: personalised adj (customized)个性化的；为个人定制的Mrs. Smith's personalized tea collection contains blends that she designs herself.personalized, also UK: personalised adj (marked with name, initials)标出姓名以个人专用的；以姓名中的首字母标识的Ronald Walsh's personalized watch was inscribed with the initials "R.W."pet store (US), pet shop (UK) n (shop selling animals, feed, etc.)宠物店The pet store sells a wide range of tropical fish.philosophical inquiry (US), philosophical enquiry (UK) n (hypothetical thinking)哲学探索The nature of consciousness has been the subject of philosophical inquiry since Aristotle.philosophize, also UK: philosophise vi (ponder theoretical questions)思考理论问题；进行理性思考；哲人般思考The professors were philosophizing about life and death.philosophizer, UK: philosophiser n (philosophical thinker)进行哲学思考的人nphilter (US), philtre (UK) n (magic potion)春药n；媚药phone-in program (US), phone-in programme (UK) n (radio or TV show: public calls in)点播节目Jeremy is the host of a phone-in program on the radio.photosynthesize, also UK: photosynthesise vi (plant: convert light into energy)进行光合作用photosynthesize [sth], also UK: photosynthesise [sth] vtr (light: convert into energy)通过光合作用产生physical labor (US), physical labour (UK) n (strenuous manual work)体力劳动You shouldn't do physical labour when you're pregnant.pickax (US), pickaxe (UK) n (tool for chopping or hacking)锄n；镐picture card, also US: face card, also UK: court card n (in a deck of playing cards)人头牌；花牌piercing saw, also UK: jeweller's saw, also US: jeweler's saw n (cutting tool)弓锯；斜形狭圆锯pigeonhole, also UK: pigeon-hole n (mail compartment)信箱，信件格Fredrik put a copy of the memo in everyone's pigeonhole.弗雷德里克将宣传单投入了每个人的信箱。pigeonhole, also UK: pigeon-hole n (coop for pigeons)鸽巢；鸽舍The pigeons sat cooing in their pigeonholes.鸽子蹲着鸽舍中咕咕叫。pigeonhole [sb/sth], also UK: pigeon-hole [sb/sth] vtr figurative (categorize)分类The baseball coach pigeonholed his pitchers and wouldn't let them play other positions.棒球教练将投手分在一起，不允许他们打其他位置。pigeonhole [sb/sth] as [sth], also UK: pigeon-hole [sb/sth] as [sth] vtr + prep figurative (categorize as)轻率分类；主观划分；贸然归类The media pigeonholed the demonstrators as "communists and anarchists."媒体将示威者一股脑地归为“共产主义者和无政府暴徒”。pigsty (UK), pigpen (US) n (enclosure for pigs)猪圈；猪棚；猪舍The farmer passed the pigpen on his way to the horse stable.pilot license (US), pilot's licence (UK) n (aircraft permit)飞行执照pilot program (US), pilot programme (UK) n (trial scheme)试点计划；试播节目The company tried a new advertising method in just a few stores, as a pilot program.the pink dollar (US),the pink pound (UK) n figurative, informal (gay people's spending power)粉色美元备注: 指美国同性恋、双性恋、跨性别群体的购买力plagiarize [sb], also UK: plagiarise [sb] vtr (copy [sb]'s work) (后接人)剽窃，抄袭The graduate student plagiarized a famous professor.plagiarize [sth], also UK: plagiarise [sth] vtr (copy [sth]) (后接观点、文章等)剽窃，抄袭，盗用The student failed the course because he plagiarized a magazine article.plagiarized, also UK: plagiarised adj (work, text: copied)剽窃的，抄袭的plagiarizer, UK: plagiariser n (person: copies another's work)抄袭者n；剽窃者plain sailing (UK), plane sailing (UK), clear sailing (US) n figurative (easy course)进展顺利；一帆风顺plastic wrap, Saran wrap (US), cling film, clingfilm (UK) n (transparent film for wrapping food)保鲜膜plasticize [sth], also UK: plasticise [sth] vtr (treat [sth] with plastic)用塑料处理；用塑料防护plasticizer, UK: plasticiser n (modifying substance)塑化剂plate armor, armor plate, armor plating (US), plate armour (UK) n (reinforced steel covering)装甲钢板The knight's legs and arms were protected by plate armour.play favorites (US), play favourites (UK) v expr (show partiality)（对…）偏心My boss plays favorites; his buddies get the plum assignments, and the rest of us get the menial work.plow (US), plough (UK) n (farm implement for turning soil)犁Plows used to be pulled by horses; now they fit on the back of a tractor.plow (US), plough (UK) n (vehicle for clearing snow)除雪机；铲雪机A plow arrived at 4am to clear the streets.铲雪机早上4点来扫街了。plow [sth] (US), plough (UK) vtr (turn the soil)犁；耕；翻The farmer is plowing the field.plow [sth] back in (US), plough [sth] back in (UK) v expr (reinvest [sth]) (将利润等)再投资plow [sth] back into [sth] (US), plough [sth] back into [sth] (UK) v expr (reinvest money into [sth])将（利润等）再投资于plow girl (US), plough girl (UK) n dated (female farm worker)牧场女工plow [sth] into [sth] (US), plough [sth] into [sth] (UK) vtr + prep (invest money in [sth])投资...给...；为...做...的投资plow [sth] under (US), plough [sth] under (UK) vtr + adv (bury under dirt by plowing)把…犁入土中plowboy (US), ploughboy (UK) n (boy who drives a plow)牵引耕畜的男孩，耕童plowboy (US), ploughboy (UK) n figurative (boy from the countryside)农家子弟plowed (US), ploughed (UK) adj (field: soil turned) (土地)耕过的；耕作过的；犁过的There was nothing but ploughed fields as far as the eye could see.plowman (US), ploughman (UK) n (male farm worker)农夫；庄稼汉plowshare (US), ploughshare (UK) n (blade of a plough)犁头；犁铧plunk, also UK: plonk n (dull sound)扑通声As soon as I was through the door, I set my heavy backpack down with a plunk.plunk [sth] on [sth], plunk [sth] onto [sth] (US), plonk [sth] on [sth], plonk [sth] onto [sth] (UK) vtr + prep informal (put down heavily)重重放下；砰地放下He plonked the shopping on the kitchen table and went upstairs without saying a word.plunk [sth] down (US), plonk [sth] down (UK) vtr + adv informal (put down heavily)把…随意扔下，把…随意放下She plonked the keys down on the desk and fell wearily into the chair.pluralization, also UK: pluralisation n (word: making plural)复数化pluralization, also UK: pluralisation n (making [sth] diverse)多元化pluralize [sth], also UK: pluralise [sth] vtr (word: make plural) (词语)使变为复数，使成为复数形式vtrpluralize [sth], also UK: pluralise [sth] vtr (diversify [sth])使多元化vpneumatic tire (US), pneumatic tyre (UK) n (has pressurized air)充气轮胎poetic meter, also UK: poetic meter n (poem: rhythm)诗歌格律；诗音步poeticize [sth], also UK: poeticise [sth] vtr (make poetic)赋予...诗意poeticize [sth], also UK: poeticise [sth] vtr (write poetry about [sth])把...写入诗里；用诗表达polarization, also UK: polarisation n (opposing viewpoints)极端对立的观点；两极分化polarization, also UK: polarisation n (photography: filtering of light) (摄影术语)偏光polarize [sth], also UK: polarise [sth] vtr (cause to be opposed)使…分裂；使…两极分化；使…敌对The new legislation polarized the government.新的立法导致政府内两极分化。polarize, also UK: polarise vi (become opposed, divided)两极分化The nation has polarized over this issue, and there seems to be no middle ground at all.polarize [sth], also UK: polarise [sth] vtr (photography: increase contrast)利用偏振光进行摄影This filter will polarize the light and allow you to take pictures with more dynamic clouds.polarized, also UK: polarised adj (groups, people: opposing) (人群)分化的polarized, also UK: polarised adj (physics: vibrations) (物理)极化的，偏振的polarized, also UK: polarised adj (electric outlet) (电插头)极化插头poleax (US), poleaxe (UK) n (weapon: axe)战斧npoleax [sb] (US), poleaxe [sb] (UK) vtr (strike down with axe)用斧砍倒...poleax [sb] (US), poleaxe [sb] (UK) vtr figurative, often passive (shock)用战斧攻击，劈，砍倒vtrVeronica was poleaxed by the news.policymaking, also UK: policy-making n (legislation)立法；制定法律；制定政策；policymaking, also UK: policy-making n as adj (legislative)立法的politicization, also UK: politicisation n (act of turning political)政治化politicize, politicize [sth], also UK: politicise [sth] vtr (make [sth] political)使…政治化；使…具有政治意义The presidential candidates politicized a religious debate.总统竞选人让宗教辩论政治化。pollock, pollack, coalfish, Boston blues (US), coley, saithe (UK) n (fish)鳕鱼polymerization, also UK: polymerisation n (chemistry: formation of a polymer) (化学术语)聚合作用，聚合polymerize, also UK: polymerise vtr (convert [sth] to a polymer)使聚合Pooh! also UK: Poo! interj informal (reaction to bad smell) (表示对臭气的厌恶)噗Pooh! Who's wearing that stinky perfume?Pooh! also UK: poo! interj dated (dismissive exclamation) (语气词)呸！嘁！You want $500 for that old thing? Pooh! I wouldn't give you 5.poor behavior (US), poor behaviour (UK) n (bad conduct)不良表现The student was sent out of the class for poor behaviour.poor judgment, also UK: poor judgement n (making bad decisions)差的判断力Elizabeth Taylor had notoriously poor judgement when it came to men.pope's nose (US), parson's nose (UK) n informal (cookery: tail of fowl)鸡屁股；家禽屁股popeyed, also UK: pop-eyed adj (with prominent eyes)眼球突出的；瞪大眼睛的popeyed, also UK: pop-eyed adj (astonished, terrified)震惊的；目瞪口呆的Popsicle, popsicle (US), ice lolly (UK) n US, ® (ice lolly) (商标名)冰棒，冰棍备注: As a registered trademark, “Popsicle” should be capitalized, but it is usually not capitalized in informal communication.The kids' favorite summertime treat is a Popsicle.popularization, also UK: popularisation n (increasing popularity)普及；大众化popularize, popularize [sth], also UK: popularise [sth] vtr (make [sth] popular)使广受欢迎；使流行；使流行The celebrity popularized a new hairstyle.portiere (US), portière (UK) n (door curtain)门帘nJason draws the portière to keep out the draught.postdoctoral, also UK: post-doctoral adj (taking place after a PhD)博士后的postindustrial, also UK: post-industrial adj (not dependent on industry anymore)后工业化的adj；工业社会后的Many post-industrial cities have suffered an economic decline.postmortem, also UK: post-mortem n Latin (autopsy, examination of a corpse)尸检；验尸The postmortem showed death by natural causes.postmortem, also UK: post-mortem n figurative, Latin (analysis after an event)事后分析；事后调查The coach organized a postmortem to discuss why the team lost.postmortem, also UK: post-mortem adj Latin (taking place after death)死后的；死后发生的postmortem examination, also UK: post-mortem examination n (autopsy)验尸；尸体解剖检查They don't know how he died – that's why they're doing a post-mortem examination.postoperative, also UK: post-operative adj (after surgery)手术后的；术后的When the hospital discharged Susan, they gave her information regarding her post-operative care at home.postpartum depression (US), postnatal depression (UK) n (mood disorder following childbirth)产后抑郁；产后抑郁症postwar, also UK: post-war adj (after a war)战后的postwar, also UK: post-war adj (after the Second World War)二战后的Post-war Japan experienced tremendous economic growth.potato chip (US, AU), potato crisp (UK) n usually plural (snack food: crisp)薯片Apparently, several pounds of raw potatoes are needed to make a single pound of potato chips.potbellied, also UK: pot-bellied adj (having round stomach)大腹的，圆肚子的potted plant, also UK: pot plant n (plant growing in a pot)盆栽植物pound key (US), hash key (UK) n (keyboard, phone: number sign #) (键盘、电话)井号键Next, enter the amount, followed by the pound key.pound sign (US), hash mark (UK) n (keyboard, phone: number sign #)井号practice [sth] (US), practise [sth] (UK) vtr (perform repeatedly)反复练习；反复锻炼The six year olds practiced writing the letter C.这个六岁的孩子反复练习写字母C。usage: used as a countable nounA practice is something that is done regularly, for example as a custom.Our usual practice is to keep a written record of all meetings.The ancient practice of yoga is still popular today.practice [sth] (US), practise [sth] (UK) vtr (train in)训练；练习Our team practices blocking on Tuesdays and plays games on Thursdays.我们队星期二训练封球，星期四打比赛。practice [sth] (US), practise [sth] (UK) vtr (repeat, rehearse)练习；排练Practice your piano etudes to gain dexterity.练习你的钢琴协奏曲，改善你的敏捷度。practice [sth] (US), practise [sth] (UK) vtr (work at: a profession) (美式拼写，英式拼写为：practise)从事某行业This doctor has practised medicine for years.practice (US), practise (UK) vi (rehearse) (美式拼写，英式拼写为：practise)排练The band practiced for three weeks before the concert.practice [sth] (US), practise [sth] (UK) vtr (religion: observe rules)修行, 修持Going to confession is one of the ways in which people practice their Catholicism.practice law (US), practise law (UK) vtr + n (work as a lawyer)做律师；从事法律工作Sean has been practising law for five years.practice medicine (US), practise medicine (UK) v expr (work as a doctor)行医He practices medicine at St. Patrick Hospital.practiced (US), practised (UK) adj (person: experienced)有经验的；熟练的Liam is a practised speaker and is good at engaging his audience.practiced at [sth], practiced in [sth] (US), practised at [sth], practised in [sth] (UK) adj + prep (person: experienced in [sth])在…上有经验Holly is extremely practiced in business development.practiced (US), practised (UK) adj (skill: learned practically)习得的；通过练习获得的After several years of hard work, the actor developed a practiced English accent.practicing (US), practising (UK) adj (active, working in a profession)开业的；执业的；从事实际业务的He's been a practicing attorney for thirty years.practicing (US), practising (UK) adj (actively following a religion)身体力行的；躬行的She's not religious, but her husband is a practicing Catholic.practicing Christian (US), practising Christian (UK) n (shows Christian conduct)身体力行的基督徒I was baptised and confirmed as an Anglican, but I'm no longer a practising Christian.prawn cocktail (UK), shrimp cocktail (US) n (prawns with Marie Rose sauce)大虾冷盘predominant color (US), predominant colour (UK) n (main hue)主要色调；主色调；突出的色彩The predominant colour of a tree is usually green in the summer and brown in the winter.preeclampsia, also UK: pre-eclampsia n (toxic condition in pregnant women)先兆子痫preemptive, also UK: pre-emptive adj (anticipatory)先发制人的；先占的；抢下的The military instigated a preemptive air strike.军队率先发起了一次空袭。preemptive, also UK: pre-emptive adj (with prior right)先买权的；先占权的The first bidder has the preemptive right to the purchase.第一个出价人享有优先购买权。preexist [sth], also UK: pre-exist [sth] vtr (exist prior to)先于…存在preexist, also UK: pre-exist vi (exist beforehand)预先存在；事先存在preflight, also UK: pre-flight adj (before a plane journey)起飞前的The pilot did his preflight check prior to leaving the gate.preindustrial (US), pre-industrial (UK) adj (before the industrial age)工业化前的；未工业化的prejudgment (US), prejudgement (UK) n (act of judging in advance)预断, 预决, 预先判断n； (未经审判的)预先判决npremise, UK: premiss n (logic: proposition) (逻辑)前提This is a major premise in this philosopher's work.在这位哲学家的作品中，这是一个重大前提。premise, UK: premiss n (basis of a theory) (合同用语)前提；假设；根据I was working on the premise that I had your permission.我是以你的批准为前提开展工作的。premise, UK: premiss n (basis of show or story)背景；序曲；故事设定The premise of this film is that robots have taken over the Earth.这部电影的背景是机器人占领了地球。preproduction, also UK: pre-production n (before formal production phase)生产前阶段；预生产阶段prerecorded, also UK: pre-recorded adj (recorded at previous time)预先录制的prerecorded broadcast, also UK: pre-recorded broadcast n (tv, radio: transmission recorded in advance) (电视、广播等)播放预先录制好的节目Today we'll be replaying a pre-recorded broadcast.prerelease (US), pre-release (UK) adj (film, etc: not yet widely released)预发布的prerelease (US), pre-release (UK) n (film, etc., advance showing)预发布版本press stud (UK), popper (UK), snap fastener (US) n (metal fastener)纽扣The coat has press studs and a zip.pressurization, also UK: pressurisation n (compression) (本义)增压，加压pressurization, also UK: pressurisation n figurative (stress) (比喻)施加压力pressurize [sth], also UK: pressurise [sth] vtr (subject [sth] to high pressure) (本义)给…增压By pressurizing the cabin, the aircraft was made safe for passengers.pressurize [sb], also UK: pressurise [sb] vtr (harass, coerce [sb])对…施加压力；迫使Erin pressurized her boyfriend to get married.pressurize [sb] into [sth], also UK: pressurise [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep (coerce [sb] into [sth])迫使某人进入某种状态Jeffery pressurized his wife into motherhood when she was not ready.pressurize [sb] into doing [sth], also UK: pressurise [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (coerce [sb] into doing [sth])迫使某人做某事The schoolboys pressurized Danny into playing a prank on their teacher.pressurized, also UK: pressurised adj (involving increased pressure)加压的；增压的pressurizer, UK: pressuriser n (device: increases pressure on gas or liquid)加压器n；增压装置pretax, also UK: pre-tax adj (profits, etc.: before tax)税前的pretense (US), pretence (UK) n (false show)假象；矫饰The politician's pious words were mere pretense to get a donation from the church.pretense (US), pretence (UK) n (pretext, excuse)借口；托辞Patrick excused himself from the lunch on a pretense of urgent business.pretense (US), pretence (UK) n uncountable (pretending)假装；伪装Her pretense annoyed her boyfriend.preter (US), praeter (UK) prefix (beyond, more than)超过，超For example: preternaturalpreternatural, also UK: praeternatural adj (supernatural) (英式英语为praeternatural)超自然的The fortune teller seemed to have preternatural powers.preternatural, also UK: praeternatural adj (extraordinary) (英式英语为praeternatural)特别的；非凡的；不可思议的The child has a preternatural gift for math.pretrial, also UK: pre-trial n (court hearing before trial)预审primary color (US), primary colour (UK) n often plural (red, yellow, blue) (三原色：红、黄、蓝)基色，原色Primary colours can be mixed together to make other colours.primary education (UK), elementary education (US) n (junior, elementary schooling)初等教育；初级教育；基础教育prioritization, also UK: prioritisation n (according highest importance to [sth])优先考虑Prioritization is key if you want to get a lot done.prioritization, also UK: prioritisation n (organization method)确定优先次序It's much easier to keep organized if you apply prioritization.prioritize [sth], also UK: prioritise [sth] vtr (put in order of importance)按重要性排列；按优先顺序排列Please prioritize the things you want me to do.请按重要性排列你想让我做的事。prioritize [sth/sb], also UK: prioritise [sth/sb] vtr (put first)优先考虑We need to prioritize discussion of our budget at the next meeting.下次开会，我们要优先考虑讨论我们的预算。prioritize [sth/sb] over [sth/sb], also UK: prioritise [sth/sb] over [sth/sb] vtr + prep (put before [sth] or [sb] else)把…置于…之前Andrew has to prioritize work over spending time with his family when he has an important deadline to meet.如果有重要的工期要赶，安德鲁会优先选择工作，无法陪伴家人。prioritize, also UK: prioritise vi (assign priorities)划分优先顺序You have to learn to prioritize when you become a mother.成为母亲后，你要学会事事划分优先顺序。privatization, also UK: privatisation n (industry: private ownership) (工业、产业)私有化，私营化The activists protested the privatization of public lands.privatize [sth], also UK: privatise [sth] vtr (industry, etc.: make private) (工业、产业)将…私有化，使…归为私有，使…民营化The citizens became angry when the mayor privatized the city's parking meters.prize [sth] (US), pry [sth] (US), prise [sth] (UK) vtr (pry: raise, open by levering)撬；撬开The robbers prized the door with a crowbar.强盗用撬棍撬开了门。prize [sth] from [sth], pry [sth] from [sth] (US), prise [sth] from [sth] (UK) vtr + prep (extract with difficulty)用力从…夺走；拼命从...抢走The thieves prized Bill's wallet from his grasp.prize [sth] out of [sb], pry [sth] out of [sb] (US), prise [sth] out of [sb] (UK) v expr figurative (information: extract from [sb]) (信息、秘密等)从…口中撬出Paisley didn't want to give away Imogen's secret, but her colleagues prized it out of her.prize [sth] out of [sth], pry [sth] out of [sth] (US), prise [sth] out of [sth] (UK) v expr (extract with difficulty)硬让...说出..., 从...那里套出...Prof. (US), Prof (UK) n abbreviation (as title: Professor) (professor的缩写形式，非正式用语)教授professionalization, also UK: professionalisation n (awarding [sth] professional status) (工作状态)职业化，专业化professionalization, also UK: professionalisation n (becoming a professional) (人)职业化，专业化professionalize [sth], also UK: professionalise [sth] vtr (award professional status) (工作状态)使职业化professionalize, also UK: professionalise vi (become a professional) (人)职业化，专业化profit center (US), profit centre (UK) n (part of business organization)利润中心；利润产生中心备注: 商务术语，企业责任中心之一，对成本、收入和利润负责。program (US), programme (UK) n (plan, schedule) (英式英语为programme)计划；规划；教学计划The program includes three different courses.这个教学计划里包括三门不同的课程。program (US, regional), programme (UK) n (radio, TV show) (电视、电台)节目What program are you watching now? The news?你现在在看什么节目？新闻吗？program [sth] (US), programme [sth] (UK) vtr (schedule) (节目等)安排The museum has programmed a series of events for Women's History Month.这家博物馆为妇女历史月安排了一系列活动。program (US), programme (UK) n (list of performers) (英式英语为programme)节目单The third act on tonight's program will play folk music.program (US), programme (UK) n (theatrical brochure)纪念册I bought a programme as a souvenir of the concert, even though it was stupidly expensive.program maker (US), programme maker (UK) n often plural (TV broadcaster or producer)电视节目制作人propagandize, also UK: propagandise vi (spread propaganda)宣传vi；传播propagandize [sb/sth], also UK: propagandise [sb/sth] vtr (subject to propaganda)宣传...proselytize, also UK: proselytise vi (try to attract converts)使人改变宗教信仰；使人改变政治信仰；使人改变观念pry [sth] loose (US), prize [sth] loose, also UK: prise [sth] loose vtr + adj (loosen [sth] by pulling)把…撬松pry [sth] open, prize [sth] open (US), prise [sth] open (UK) vtr + adj (open [sth] by levering)撬开psychoanalyze [sb] (US), psychoanalyse [sb] (UK) vtr (analyze psychologically)对…做心理分析vtrpublicize [sth], also UK: publicise [sth] vtr (promote, advertise [sth])推广；推销；广告宣传We're using print and Internet advertising to publicize the event.publicize [sth], also UK: publicise [sth] vtr (make [sth] known)宣传；报道；传播She makes a point of not publicizing her charity work.publicized, also UK: publicised adj (brought to public attention)公开的；引起公众关注的The president's publicized affair caused his family shame.publicized, also UK: publicised adj (promoted, given publicity)宣传的；宣扬的；广为报道的The highly publicized boxing match attracted a large crowd.pudge (mainly US), podge (mainly UK) n informal (short, fat person)矮胖的人pudge (mainly US), podge (UK) n informal (a quantity of fat)脂肪I need to start exercising to work off this podge!我需要开始锻炼来减掉这些脂肪！pudgy (US), podgy (UK) adj (person: chubby) (形容人)矮胖的，圆胖的，胖乎乎的The pudgy boy grew up to be a slender man.pullout, also UK: pull-out n (magazine section) (杂志中的)活页pullout, also UK: pull-out adj (of magazine section) (杂志中的)活页的pullout, also UK: pull-out n (sofa bed)沙发床pulverization, also UK: pulverisation n (grinding [sth] to powder)粉碎；粉末化；研磨pulverize, pulverize [sth], also UK: pulverise [sth] vtr (crush, grind [sth] to dust) (本义)磨碎，将…弄成粉末，研磨成粉末The workers pulverized the rocks.pulverize [sb], also UK: pulverise [sb] vtr figurative, informal (beat [sb] severely) (比喻)摧毁，粉碎，彻底击败Our team pulverized the other team in the championship.punching bag (US), punchbag, punch bag (UK) n (stuffed bag for boxing practice)（练拳击的）沙袋；吊袋Rod was practising his boxing moves with a punch bag.punching bag (US), punchbag, punch bag (UK) n figurative ([sb] subjected to abuse)出气的对象；出气筒I quit my job because I felt the boss was using me as a punching bag.pupilage (US), pupillage (UK) n (state of being a pupil)学生身份；学生时期puppy mill (US), puppy farm (UK) n (farm where dogs are bred)狗只繁殖场Dogs that are born in a puppy mill often later show behavioral problems.purse snatcher (US), bag snatcher (UK) n (handbag thief)抢包贼push-up (US), press-up (UK) n usually plural (arm exercise)俯卧撑The fitness instructor asked the class to do 20 push-ups.健身教练要求班级学员做20个俯卧撑。pushing daisies (US), pushing up daisies (UK) adj informal, figurative, euphemism (dead and buried)坟头长草，入土为安I want to live to be 80 years old, not to be pushing daisies by age 70.put a damper on [sth], also UK: put a dampener on [sth] v expr informal, figurative (spoil [sth])使...蒙上阴影；泼冷水put your foot in your mouth, also UK: put your foot in it v expr figurative (make spoken blunder)说错话；说不合适的话putter (US), potter (UK) vi (busy yourself with small things)慢条斯理地做活After a long busy period, it was lovely to spend a day just pottering.putterer (US), potterer (UK) n informal (person who likes to potter)懒散的人, 无所事事者Pvt. (US), Pte. (UK) n written, abbreviation (private: military rank)二等兵，列兵quantize [sth], also UK: quantise [sth] vtr (physics)使量子化quantize [sth], also UK: quantise [sth] vtr (mathematics)用基本数的倍数表示...quarantine flag, yellow flag, also UK: yellow jack n (ship's disease signal)检疫旗；黄色检疫旗quarreler (US), quarreller (UK) n ([sb] who squabbles or argues)争吵者n；吵闹的人；争论者quarreling (US), quarrelling (UK) n (arguments)争吵；吵架quarreling (US), quarrelling (UK) adj (arguing, squabbling)争吵的；吵架的quarter note (US), crotchet (UK) n (music: fourth of a whole note)四分音符A quarter note is twice as long as an eighth note.quarter rest (US), crotchet rest (UK) n (musical time)四分音符A quarter rest lasts for one beat in 4/4 time.四分休止符持续4/4拍的一拍。queue (UK), wait in line (US), wait on line (US, regional) vi UK (wait in a line of people, vehicles)排队People were queuing outside the shop at 5 am on the day of the sale.打折日的早上5点，人们就在店外排队了。quint (US), quin (UK) n abbreviation, usually plural (quintuplet: 1 of 5 children) (quintuplet的缩略形式)五胞胎之一quit smoking (US), give up smoking, stop smoking (UK) v expr (give up cigarettes)戒烟radicalization, also UK: radicalisation n (making, becoming more extreme)极端化；激进化radicalize [sth/sb], also UK: radicalise [sth/sb] vtr (make more extreme)使更为激进；使激进化radio show (US), radio programme (UK) n (programme broadcast on radio)广播节目；收音机节目railcar, railroad car (US), railway car, railway carriage, train carriage, carriage (UK) n (passenger coach of a train)客车厢raise (US), pay rise (UK) n US, informal (pay rise: increase in pay)加薪；加工资He got a raise of 4%.他获得了4%的加薪。rancor (US), rancour (UK) n (bitterness, resentment)怨恨；积怨After losing the debate, Ignacio looked at his opponent with rancor.randomization, also UK: randomisation n (use of random order)随机；随机选择randomization, also UK: randomisation n (making random)随机化randomize [sth], also UK: randomise [sth] vtr (make [sth] random)随机化The scientists randomized the trial to avoid bias.rappeling (US), rappelling (UK) n (activity: abseiling)绕绳下降；沿绳索滑下rationalization, also UK: rationalisation n (justification)合理化；正当化Saying "it's always been that way" is a rationalization of the problem.rationalization, also UK: rationalisation n (mathematics) (数学)有理化Today in math class the students have a quiz on rationalization.rationalize, also UK: rationalise vi (think rationally)进行理性思考Let's calm down and try to rationalize.rationalize, also UK: rationalise vi (invent justifications)辩解；进行自我辩解You don't approve of his bad behavior so why are you rationalizing?rationalize [sth], also UK: rationalise [sth] vtr (justify [sth] as reasonable)为…辩解Robert rationalized his use of illegal drugs by saying that he was hyperactive and the drugs relaxed him.rationalize [sth], also UK: rationalise [sth] vtr (express as a rational number) (数学)使…有理化Our maths teacher showed us how to rationalize the numerator.reach the end of your rope, be at the end of your rope, also UK: reach the end of your tether, be at the end of your tether v expr figurative, informal (be exasperated)忍无可忍I need a break from the kids; I've reached the end of my rope!"Ready, set, go!" (US), "Ready, steady, go!" (UK), "On your marks, get set, go!" interj (start of race)各就各位；预备；跑!Runners: Ready, set, go!realizable, also UK: realisable adj (practicable, achievable)可行的；可完成的；可达到的realization, also UK: realisation n (sudden mental awareness)顿悟；恍然大悟The realization suddenly hit Caroline that everything she had ever believed was wrong.卡罗琳忽然恍然大悟，原来她从前相信的所有事都是错的。realization, also UK: realisation n (dream, concept: being made real)实现； (梦想等)成真Getting this job was the realisation of everything Adam had ever dreamed of.获得了这份工作，亚当之前所有的梦想都成真了。realize [sth], also UK: realise [sth] vtr (be aware of)意识到I hope he realizes his mistake soon.我希望他很快能意识到自己的过失。realize, realize that, also UK: realise, realise that vtr (with clause: be aware that)意识到Did you realize that the school term starts next Monday?你意识到下周一学校的新学期就开始了么？realize how/what/who, also UK: realise how/what/who vtr + conj (be aware) (后接疑问词)意识到He doesn't realize how important this is for me.他没意识到这对我是多么重要。realize [sth], also UK: realise [sth] vtr (fulfil, make real)实现；将…变为现实I hope you realize your dreams.我希望你能实现自己的梦想。realize [sth], also UK: realise [sth] vtr (convert into money)将…变现；将…变卖为现金They realized all the company's assets.他们将公司的所有资产都变现了。realize [sth], also UK: realise [sth] vtr (obtain, earn) (盈利等)实现，赚得The company realized a profit last quarter.上个季度，这个公司实现了盈利。realized, also UK: realised adj (converted into money)变现的；兑现的The realized assets amounted to $50,000.realized, also UK: realised adj (obtained, earned)获得的；赚取的；赢得的As future payments are received, realized profit will increase.reanalyze [sth], also UK: reanalyse [sth] vtr (analyze again)再次分析vtr；重新分析rearward, also UK: rearwards adv (towards the back)向后面；向后方These mirrors allow the driver to see rearwards.reauthorize [sth], also UK: reauthorise [sth] vtr (give new permission for [sth])重新批准reauthorize [sb] to do [sth], also UK: reauthorise [sb] to do [sth] v expr (give [sb] new permission)重新授权某人做某事recapitalize [sth], also UK: recapitalise [sth] vtr (change capital structure)对…进行资产重组recess (US), break (UK), breaktime (UK), playtime (UK) n (school: pause from lessons)假期；课间休息Tim couldn't wait for recess and the chance to get out of this boring math class.提姆迫不及待地想要课间休息，好逃出这无聊的数学课。recognizable, also UK: recognisable adj (possible to identify)能够辨认的；能够识别的Your mum's always recognizable in old photos.recognizable, also UK: recognisable adj (clear, perceptible)易于识别的；容易认出的There was a recognizable difference between the twins' outlooks.recognizably, UK: recognisably adv (in an identifiable way)能辨认地；可辨识地The boy was recognizably taller and more handsome than the last time I saw him.recognize [sb/sth], also UK: recognise [sb/sth] vtr (identify)认出；识别出The witness recognized the suspect.目击者认出了嫌疑人。usage: ‘recognize’If you recognize someone or something, you know who or what they are because you have seen them before, or because they have been described to you.She didn't recognize me at first.Doctors are trained to recognize the symptoms of depression.If you recognize something such as a problem, you accept that it exists.Governments are beginning to recognize the problem.We recognize this as a genuine need.recognize [sth], also UK: recognise [sth] vtr (admit, concede [sth])承认；认识到；意识到The singer recognized that his rival was indeed talented.这名歌手承认他的对手确实很有才华。recognize that, also UK: recognise that vtr (with clause: concede that)承认；认识到I recognize that I could be wrong.我承认我可能错了。recognize [sth], also UK: recognise [sth] vtr (reward [sth])表彰；对…进行表彰The boss recognized his team's performance.老板对他团队的表现进行了表彰。recognize [sb/sth], also UK: recognise [sb/sth] vtr (admit status) (身份、地位等)承认He was recognized as leader.他被承认为领袖。recognize [sb/sth], also UK: recognise [sb/sth] vtr (admit validity)承认；认可Most countries recognize the Geneva Conventions.绝大多数国家都认可日内瓦国际公约。recognize [sth], also UK: recognise [sth] vtr (admit independence) (主权等)承认，认可The government officially recognized the new country.该政府官方承认了这个新的国家。recognize [sb], also UK: recognise [sb] vtr formal (allow [sb] to speak)允许…说话；准许…发言The chair recognizes the delegate.该主席准许这位代表发言。；recognized, also UK: recognised adj (agreed upon)得到认可的；被一致认可的The investigators made a list of the recognized facts in the case.recolonization, also UK: recolonisation n (repopulating: a settlement)重新开拓殖民地；再殖民recolonize [sth], UK: recolonise [sth] vtr (settlement: repopulate)在…重新开拓殖民地；对…进行再殖民recolor [sth] (US), recolour [sth] (UK) vtr (change color of)重新上色；重新染色recon (US), recce (UK) n informal, abbreviation (reconnaissance mission)侦察备注: reconnaissance的缩写形式The recon went well, so the police went ahead with the plan.recon (US), recce (UK) n informal, abbreviation (reconnaissance: survey of a region)勘察The recon over the different states showed big support for the liberal party.recon (US), recce (UK) n as adj informal, abbreviation (trip, flight: reconnaissance, to survey)侦察的备注: reconnaissance的缩写形式The scientific team carried out a recon flight over the area.这支科考队在该区域上空进行侦查飞行。recon (US), recce (UK) vi informal, abbreviation (reconnoiter)侦查The plane was sent out to recon before nightfall.这架飞机在黄昏前被派出去侦察。recon [sth] (US), recce [sth] (UK) vtr informal, abbreviation (reconnoiter)勘查；探查The director hired a plane to fly over the region to recce the filming locations.reconnoiter (US), reconnoitre (UK) vi (search or survey an area)侦察；调查；勘察reconnoiter [sth] (US), reconnoitre [sth] (UK) vtr (military: observe)侦察, 勘察record store (US), record shop (UK) n (store selling recorded music)唱片店recrystallize, also UK: recrystallise vi (form crystals again)再结晶；重新结晶recrystallize [sth], also UK: recrystallise [sth] vtr (make [sth] crystallized again)使再结晶；使重新结晶reemphasize [sth], also UK: reemphasise [sth] vtr (stress, accentuate [sth] anew)再次强调；再次突出reemphasize that, also UK: reemphasise that vtr (with clause: stress that) (接从句)再次强调，再次突出reenergize [sth], re-energize [sth], also UK: re-energise [sth] vtr (supply with electricity again)给…再通电，给…重新通电reenergize [sth/sb], re-energize [sth/sb], also UK: re-energise [sth/sb] vtr (invigorate again) (人)使…恢复精力，使…精神振奋； (事物)振兴，重新激发reengage [sth/sb] (US), re-engage [sb/sth] (UK) vtr (engage anew)再次从事某事；再次让某人加入reengage [sth] (US), re-engage [sb] (UK) vtr (gear: lock into position again) (齿轮)重新啮合reentry (US), re-entry (UK) n (readmission to a country)重新入境；重返；再返reevaluate [sth/sb], also UK: re-evaluate [sth/sb] vtr (assess again)重新考虑；再度评估We will reevaluate your knowledge of the subject in six months, to see if you are making enough progress.reexamine [sth/sb], also UK: re-examine [sth/sb] vtr (study or inspect again)对…进行复试；对…进行进一步考查；再次检查，再次核查reexport [sth] (mainly US), re-export [sth] (mainly UK) vtr mainly US (export again) (贸易)再次出口，再次输出reexport (mainly US), re-export (mainly UK) n mainly US, uncountable (act of reexporting)再出口reexport (mainly US), re-export (mainly UK) n mainly US, countable ([sth] reexported)再出口的货物reform, also UK: re-form vi (improve your conduct)改正；改过自新；悔改Joey has promised to reform, but I'm not hopeful.乔伊承诺说会改正，但我不抱什么希望。refueling (US), refuelling (UK) n (replenishment of fuel)补充燃料，加燃料regionalization, also UK: regionalisation n (separation into regions)区域化；地区化regionalize [sth], also UK: regionalise [sth] vtr (separate into regions)将...区域化；把...分成地区registered mail (US), registered post (UK) n (insured first-class letters, parcels)挂号邮件；挂号信We recommend that valuable items be sent by registered mail.I'd like to send this parcel by registered post, please.regrow, also UK: re-grow vi (grow again, grow back)重新生长This ointment will help hair regrow on your bald spot.regrow [sth], also UK: re-grow [sth] vtr (grow [sth] back)再生；重新长出This lizard can regrow its tail.regularization, also UK: regularisation n (process: making, becoming regular)规律化；规则化；规范化regularize [sth], also UK: regularise [sth] vtr (make regular, even)使有规律The company regularized meetings to be held every Monday morning.regularize [sth], also UK: regularise [sth] vtr (make conform with rules)使合规则；使符合规范We need to regularize our tax schedule.rejigger [sth] (US), rejig [sth] (UK) vtr informal (rearrange, readjust) (非正式用语)重新安排，重新布置，调整relativize [sth], also UK: relativise [sth] vtr (consider to be relative)使…相对化，把…视为相对物relief organization, also UK: relief organisation n (humanitarian group)救济组织Relief organizations are asking for donations from all over the world.remold [sth] (US), remould [sth] (UK) vtr (shape again)重铸；重塑rental car, also UK: hire car n (hired motor vehicle)出租车Please allow plenty of time for you to return your rental car.rental store (US), rental shop (UK) n (business that hires [sth] out)租赁店reorganization, also UK: reorganisation n uncountable (rearranging)重新安排；重新组织Our reorganization of the closet made more space.reorganization, also UK: reorganisation n (staff restructuring)人员调整；人员重组During the reorganization, the company laid off twenty workers.reorganize [sth/sb], also UK: reorganise [sth/sb] vtr (arrange differently)重新组织；重新安排I reorganized the refrigerator so that the more perishable items were in front.reorganize [sth], also UK: reorganise [sth] vtr (restructure)重组；改组；改组The company will reorganize the staff this quarter.reorganize, also UK: reorganise vi (get organized again)重组, 改组reorganized, also UK: reorganised adj (arranged in new way)重组的，改组的reorient [sb], also UK: reorientate [sb] vtr (restore sense of direction to)重新定位；重新定向；重新确定…的方向reorient [sth], also UK: reorientate [sth] vtr (change [sth]'s focus)重定...的重点resalable, UK: resaleable adj (that can be resold)可以转售的；可以再次出售的research center (US), research centre (UK) n (place for scientific investigation)研究中心I've heard that more than 300 scientists work at the university's research centre.reutilization, also UK: reutilisation n formal (using [sth] again)二次利用，重复利用reveler (US), reveller (UK) n (person who parties or celebrates) (美式拼法)寻欢作乐的人，摆酒设宴的人，纵情狂欢者，饮酒狂欢者The hall was full of revelers who had attended the banquet.revitalization, also UK: revitalisation n (refreshment)恢复元气；重振精神Paul appreciated the revitalization he felt after his shower.revitalization, also UK: revitalisation n (renewal)复兴；革新The company's attempted revitalisation of their image wasn't a huge success.revitalization, also UK: revitalisation n (modernization)现代化The revitalization of the town centre, thanks to the new shopping centre and sporting complex, is amazing.revitalize [sb], also UK: revitalise [sb] vtr (revive, refresh [sb])使…恢复生气；使…重焕活力The cold water revitalized Nancy after a long workout.revitalize [sth], also UK: revitalise [sth] vtr (refresh, enliven [sth])使…充满活力The company revitalized their image with a new logo.revitalize [sth], also UK: revitalise [sth] vtr (modernize [sth])使…具有新气象；使复兴；振兴The new sports stadium revitalized the town.revolutionize [sth], also UK: revolutionise [sth] vtr (change [sth] radically)彻底改革；完全改变；大肆改革iPhones revolutionized the way we communicate.rewrite [sth], also UK: re-write [sth] vtr (write in a revised form)重写；改写Please rewrite this section and don't mention the senator.rewrite [sth], also UK: re-write [sth] vtr (write out again)重写Tom realized that his handwriting was unreadable and rewrote the note more clearly.汤姆认识到他的书写字迹无法辨认，他便重新清楚地写了一遍笔记。rewrite, also UK: re-write n informal (text, manuscript: revision)重写；改写You'll need to do a rewrite on this part of the speech here.rewrite the rules, also UK: re-write the rules v expr figurative (take unconventional approach) (比喻)改写规则rewrite the rules of [sth], also UK: re-write the rules of [sth] v expr figurative (reinvent [sth], do [sth] unconventionally)打破常规； (比喻)重写规则The New Wave directors rewrote the rules of film.新浪潮派导演们重写了电影的规则。rhapsodize, also UK: rhapsodise vi (enthuse at length about [sth])狂热地做；狂热地说right triangle (US), right-angled triangle (UK) n (3-sided shape with a right angle)直角三角形right-of-center (US), right-of-centre (UK) adj (politics: conservative) (政治)中间偏右的rightward, also UK: rightwards adv (to or on the right)向右地；右边地Cole glanced rightward toward the creaking door.rigor (US), rigour (UK) n (diligence) (rigour的美式拼法)严谨The mathematician's rigor made him a top scholar.rigor (US), rigour (UK) n (strictness) (rigour的美式拼法)严格，严厉The rigor of the new principal reformed the school.rigor (US), rigour (UK) n often plural (harshness) (rigour的美式拼法,常作rigors)严峻, 艰苦, 严酷The rigors of winter in Chicago are tough even for the locals.ritualize [sth], also UK: ritualise [sth] vtr (make [sth] into a ritual)使仪式化ritualized, also UK: ritualised adj (turned into a ritual)仪式化的；成为仪式的road shoulder, shoulder (US), hard shoulder (UK) n (area at the side of a motorway)路肩The truck banged into the SUV on the road shoulder.roasting pan (US), roasting tin (UK) n (large metal dish for oven cooking)烤盘It is best to use a roasting pan when cooking your meat and vegetables in the oven.robotization, also UK: robotisation n (automization)自动化robotization, also UK: robotisation n (move toward the use of robotics)机器人化robotization, also UK: robotisation n (turning [sb] into a robot)机器人化robotize [sth], also UK: robotise [sth] vtr (automate [sth])使自动化rock, paper, scissors, also UK: paper, scissors, stone n (game)剪刀石头布；猜拳roll of honor (US), roll of honour (UK) n (list of heroes)荣誉名册Soldiers killed during the First World War have been commemorated in a roll of honour.Romanize [sth], also UK: Romanise [sth] vtr (make Roman Catholic)使罗马化；使皈依天主教romanize [sth], also UK: romanise [sth] vtr (render in Latin alphabet)用罗马字母拼写；用罗马字母印刷romanticize, also UK: romanticise vi (have romantic ideas)理想化；浪漫化My husband is always romanticizing, but none of his ideas is remotely realistic.romanticize about [sth], also UK: romanticise about [sth] vi + prep (have unrealistic ideas about [sth])对…充满浪漫化的想法A lot of people romanticize about living a simple, self-sufficient life in the countryside, without realizing how much hard work it is.romanticize [sth], also UK: romanticise [sth] vtr (idealize [sth])使…理想化；使…浪漫化Bob romanticizes his childhood, but he wasn't a particularly happy child.room and board, also UK: bed and board, board and lodging n (rental arrangement: room plus meals)食宿room for maneuver (US), room for manoeuvre (UK) n figurative (leeway)余地，调整空间rooster, also UK: cockerel n mainly US (male chicken)公鸡David has five chickens and a rooster.大卫有五只小鸡和一只公鸡。rose-colored (US), rose-coloured (UK) adj (pinkish, having the color of a rose)玫瑰色的rose-colored (US), rose-coloured (UK) adj figurative (idealistic, optimistic)乐观的The young couple dreamed of their rose-colored future.那对年轻的夫妇想象着他们乐观的未来。rose-colored (US), rose-coloured (UK) adj figurative, disapproving (foolishly over-optimistic, idealistic)过分乐观的，过于乐观的I must say that seems to be a very rose-coloured view of his motives.我必须要说对于他动机的看法似乎过于乐观了。diamond in the rough (US), rough diamond (UK) n figurative ([sb] unrefined but special) (指人)璞玉George is a rough diamond from a working-class background who has made it to the top of his profession.round-trip ticket (US), return ticket (UK) n (ticket for going and returning)往返票；来回票roundoff error (US), rounding error (UK) n (discrepancy in calculation)舍入误差备注: 数值的真实值和其所取近似值（如四舍五入）之间的差值roundup, also UK: round-up n (cattle drive)聚拢牲口The cowboy was in the middle of a roundup when it started to rain.roundup, also UK: round-up n (summary)综述The family watched the sports roundup on the evening news.roundup, also UK: round-up n (gathering up)召集；聚合The police's roundup of suspects didn't result in an arrest.routinize [sth], also UK: routinise [sth] vtr (make [sth] a regular occurrence)使…成为惯例row house (US), terraced house (UK), terrace house n (type of dwelling)联排住宅Large numbers of terraced houses are now standing empty.rubberize [sth], also UK: rubberise [sth] vtr (treat [sth] with rubber)给…涂上橡胶；用橡胶处理rubberized, also UK: rubberised adj (coated with rubber)涂有橡胶的rubdown (US), rub-down (UK) n (body massage)按摩rubdown (US), rub-down (UK) n (act of buffing or cleaning)磨光ruggedize [sth], also UK: ruggedise [sth] vtr mainly US (make to protect against shock, etc.)加固ruggedized, also UK: ruggedised adj mainly US (made tough, hard-wearing)加固的, 耐用的rummage sale (US), jumble sale (UK) n (sale of unwanted items)杂物拍卖These old clothes of mine are only fit for a jumble sale.rumor (US), rumour (UK) n (unverified information)小道消息；道听途说的消息The current rumor is that he's planning to resign next week.rumor (US), rumour (UK) n uncountable (gossip)流言蜚语；谣言Rumor has it that you're expecting another baby.rumor [sth], rumor that [sth] (US), rumour [sth], rumour that [sth] (UK) vtr usually passive (spread by rumor)据传It is rumoured that a new housing development will be built on the outskirts of town next year.rumor to do [sth] (US), rumour to do [sth] (UK) v expr usually passive (report by rumor)据传要做某事The actor is rumoured to be in talks with that major studio.rumor [sb] into [sth] (US), rumour [sb] into [sth] (UK) vtr + prep often passive (pressure by rumors)某人因谣言压力陷入The politician was rumoured into resigning.rumored to do [sth] (US), rumoured to do [sth] (UK) expr (believed, reported)据传，据说The company is rumored to be launching a new smartphone later this year.rumormonger, gossipmonger (US), rumour-monger, gossip-monger (UK) n informal (person who spreads gossip)传播流言者Don't listen to all those rumour-mongers in the canteen.run for office (US), stand for election (UK) v expr (try to get elected to a public position)竞选run in circles, go around in circles, also UK: go round in circles v expr figurative, informal (make no progress) (比喻未取得进展)原地打转；没有进展This conversation just keeps going around in circles; we're not getting anywhere.saber (US), sabre (UK) n (sword)佩剑Kayla is a fencer and uses a saber during competitions.凯拉是一名击剑手，比赛中使用佩剑。saber [sb] (US), sabre [sb] (UK) vtr (attack with a sabre)用马刀砍，用军刀砍The soldier quickly sabered the prisoner without waiting for an explanation.士兵不待解释便飞快地用军刀砍向囚犯。saber saw (US), sabre saw (UK) n (portable electric jigsaw)手提电锯；便携电锯saber-rattle (US), sabre-rattle (UK) vi figurative (try to intimidate)恐吓，威胁You can sabre-rattle all you want; you won't change my mind.saber-rattling (US), sabre-rattling (UK) n figurative, disapproving (threats of military action)战争叫嚣，军事恐吓saber-toothed cat (US), sabre-toothed cat (UK) n (prehistoric feline)剑齿虎saber-toothed tiger, saber-tooth tiger (US), sabre-toothed tiger, sabre-tooth tiger (UK) n colloquial (prehistoric cat) (史前猫科动物)剑齿虎备注: Colloquial term for the saber-toothed cat.safe harbor (US), safe harbour (UK) n (refuge for ships) (船的)避风港Fortunately, the fishermen on board the SS Nelly found a safe harbor and escaped the hurricane.safe harbor (US), safe harbour (UK) n figurative (place of refuge) (人的)避风港In times of trouble, one's one home often becomes a safe harbor.sail (US), fin (UK) n (top part of submarine) (潜水艇)帆罩The submarine's sail protruded from the water.sailboat, sail boat (US), sailing boat (UK) n (yacht, small vessel with a sail)帆船My dad took his new sailing boat out on the lake today for the first time.From our window we watched sailboats in the harbor.我父亲今天第一次开着他的帆船游湖。//透过窗户，我们能看见港口的帆船。sailfish, also UK: sail-fish n (fish with long dorsal fin) (一种海鱼)旗鱼salability (US), saleability (UK) n (ability to be sold)适销性salable (US), saleable (UK) adj (fit to be sold)适合销售的；畅销的After the scandal, the company had no salable merchandise left.sales clerk. store clerk (US), sales assistant, shop assistant (UK) n (store attendant)售货员If you need help locating something in the store, just ask a sales clerk.saltcellar (US), salt cellar (UK) n (shaker for table salt)盐瓶；盐罐The table was empty except for the saltcellar and pepper mill.saltpeter (US), saltpetre (UK) n (potassium nitrate)硝石sanitary pad, also US: sanitary napkin, also UK: sanitary towel n (menstrual protection)卫生棉；卫生巾Women's restrooms have special containers for used sanitary napkins.sanitize [sth], also UK: sanitise [sth] vtr (make hygienic, clean)使清洁；使卫生；消毒Hospital staff sanitize the waiting areas every 6 hours.sanitize [sth], also UK: sanitise [sth] vtr figurative (make less offensive) (比喻)删除…中的不当内容，净化The album is a collection of songs that have been sanitized for kids.satirize [sth/sb], also UK: satirise [sth/sb] vtr (mock, ridicule)讽刺；讥讽The play satirizes modern politics.savable (US), saveable (UK) adj (capable of being saved)有救的；可挽救的savior (US), saviour (UK) n (religious savior) (宗教)救主，救世主Christians look upon Jesus Christ as a savior.the Savior, our Savior (US), Saviour (UK) n (religion: Jesus Christ) (指基督耶稣)救主，救世主Now let us pray to Jesus Christ the Savior.savior (US), saviour (UK) n (rescuer)救星；拯救者；挽救者He was an absolute savior to me when I lost my job.savor [sth] (US), savour [sth] (UK) vtr (enjoy the taste of)品尝；品味Eat the chocolate slowly so you can savor it.savor [sth] (US), savour [sth] (UK) vtr figurative (enjoy fully)尽情享受；畅享You won't live forever, so savor your time together.人生苦短，要珍惜你们在一起的时光。savor (US), savour (UK) n (taste, flavor)滋味, 味道Can you taste the light savor of sesame oil?你能尝出淡淡的麻油味吗?savor (US), savour (UK) n figurative (quality, sensation)质量；感觉；意味The couple experienced the savors of the local culture while they were on their honeymoon.savory (US), savoury (UK) adj (salty, not sweet) (美式拼法)咸的，香辣的Some people make savory oatmeal, but most prefer it sweetened in some way.savory (US), savoury (UK) adj (taste, smell: pleasant) (美式拼法)（品尝起来）美味的，可口的；香气扑鼻的，香的A savory smell drifted from the kitchen.sawed-off (US), sawn-off (UK) adj (gun: having a shortened barrel)枪身锯短的sawed-off (US), sawn-off (UK) adj informal, potentially offensive (shorter than average)矮小的sawed-off (US), sawn-off (UK) n informal (sawed-off shotgun)截短霰弹枪，短管霰弹枪sawed-off shotgun (US), sawn-off shotgun (UK) n (rifle with a short barrel)短管霰弹枪scalawag (US), scallywag (UK) n (mischievous person)无赖；淘气鬼scandalize [sb], also UK: scandalise [sb] vtr (offend [sb] morally)冒犯…的道德观念The news of her granddaughter's pregnancy scandalized the old woman.sceneshifter, also UK: scene-shifter, scene shifter n (stagehand: moves scenery)换布景者The sceneshifters quickly changed the set between scenes.scepter (US), sceptre (UK) n (ceremonial rod) (美式拼法)权杖，节杖schematize [sth], also UK: schematise [sth] vtr (organize, systematize [sth])使系统化school counselor (US), school counsellor (UK) n (person employed to advise students)学校辅导员school vacation (US), school holiday (UK) n (spring break, etc.) (寒暑假等)学校假期备注: British English also uses "school holidays" in the plural.Most kids love school vacation because they get to stay up late and watch TV.多数孩子都喜欢学校放假，这样他们就能熬夜看电视了。schoolbag, also UK: school bag n (schoolchild's satchel)书包Bobby put his pencil case and his books in his schoolbag.Girl Scout, Scout (US), Girl Guide, Guide (UK) n (member of girls' youth group)女童子军成员Paula is a scout.宝拉是女童子军成员。screw anchor (US), wall plug (UK), Rawlplug ® (UK) n (small reinforcing rod)锚定螺栓screwdriver, also UK: screw driver n (tool)螺丝刀；起子Have you got a screwdriver? I need one to put up this shelf.你有螺丝刀吗？我安装这个搁板需要。scrutinize [sb/sth], also UK: scrutinise [sb/sth] vtr (examine closely)仔细检查；细看Let's scrutinize these figures and see if they add up.secobarbital, also UK: quinalbarbitone n (drug)司可巴比妥；速可眠second thought, on second thought (US), second thoughts, on second thoughts (UK) interj informal (change of mind)重新考虑I need to speak to the kids about this; on second thoughts, perhaps I'll wait until my husband gets home.secondhand, also UK: second-hand adj (previously owned, used)旧的；用过的；二手的Iris loves to shop at secondhand book stores.secondhand, also UK: second-hand adj (indirect)间接的；非直接的I only know some secondhand gossip, but I'll give you the gist of what I've heard.secondhand, also UK: second-hand adv (from previous owner)二手地Mason's suit looks new, but he bought it secondhand.secondhand, also UK: second-hand, second hand adv (by indirect means) (消息、信息等)间接得来地，二手地I can't be sure the rumour is true, as I heard it secondhand.我不确定谣言是不是真的，因为我也是听别人说的。secondhand clothes, also UK: second-hand clothes npl (used clothing)二手衣服；旧衣服I buy second-hand clothes in charity shops; you can get great bargains there.secondhand clothing, also UK: second-hand clothing n (previously-owned clothes)二手服装secondhand smoke, also UK: second-hand smoke n (involuntarily inhaled smoke)二手烟Second-hand smoke can cause respiratory problems in non-smokers.secondhand stoned, also UK: second-hand stoned adj slang (from [sb] else's drug-smoking)吸入二手烟的The air was thick with cannabis smoke, and everyone was second-hand stoned.secularization, also UK: secularisation n (diminishing status of religion) (宗教)现世化，世俗化secularization, also UK: secularisation n (removal from ecclesiastical control)脱离教会控制；变为非教会所有secularize [sth], also UK: secularise [sth] vtr (make [sth] separate from religion)使与宗教分离；使脱离宗教影响seesaw, teeter-totter (US), see-saw (UK) n (child's playground toy) (一种儿童的玩具设施)跷跷板The sisters played on the seesaw together.seesaw (US), see-saw (UK) n figurative (back-and-forth situation or struggle)摇摆不定, 反复波动My last boyfriend was very moody; our relationship was an emotional seesaw.seesaw (US), see-saw (UK) vi (move back and forth, up and down)上下移动；前后移动seesaw (US), see-saw (UK) vi figurative (move back and forth, up and down)上下动；来回动；来回往复地运动The price of the company's stocks seesawed after a leak revealed a possible change in management.self-centered (US), self-centred (UK) adj (concerned only with yourself)以自我为中心的；自我中心的I'm so tired of your self-centered behavior!self-colored (US), self-coloured (UK) adj (of uniform colour)单色的；纯色的；原色的Keith keeps and races self-coloured pigeons.self-defense (US), self-defence (UK) n (justifying yourself)自行辩护；自辩self-defense (US), self-defence (UK) n (skill: fending off attack)自我防卫；自卫self-defense (US), self-defence (UK) n (law: protecting self and family)正当防卫, 自卫self-fulfillment (US), self-fulfilment (UK) n (satisfaction of one's ambitions)自我实现self-realization, also UK: self-realisation n (fulfilment of own potential)自我实现Self-realisation is important for happiness.self-rising (US), self-raising (UK) adj (flour: with baking powder added) (面粉)自发的；自然发酵的This flour isn't labeled, so I don't know if it is self-rising or all-purpose.self-rising flour (US), self-raising flour (UK) n (flour with baking powder)自发酵面粉selfing, self-fertilization, UK also: self-fertilisation n (plants: self-fertilization) (植物)自交selvage (US), selvedge (UK) n (self-finished edge of woven or knitted fabric) (衣物的)镶边；semifinal, also UK: semi-final n (contest that determines final)半决赛Unfortunately, our team lost in the semifinal.semiliterate, also UK: semi-literate adj (person: not fully able to read or write)半文盲的, 稍能读写的semiliterate, also UK: semi-literate adj (text: written poorly)写得很差的, 文笔拙劣的semiprecious, UK: semi-precious adj (gemstone: without high value) (指宝石)次等的, 准宝石价值的semiprecious stone, UK: semi-precious stone n (gemstone)次等宝石；半宝石Unlike a diamond, an amethyst is a semiprecious stone.semipro, also UK: semi-pro adj informal, abbreviation (semiprofessional)半职业性的，半专业性的semiprofessional, also UK: semi-professional adj (partly professional)半职业性的；半专业性的semiprofessionally (US), semi-professionally (UK) adv (in a partly professional capacity)半职业性地Tony plays basketball semiprofessionally.semiskilled (US), semi-skilled (UK) adj (worker: with some skills) (工人)半熟练的The company is recruiting semiskilled workers.semiskilled (US), semi-skilled (UK) adj (work: requiring some skills) (工作)所需技术有限的There are a lot of semiskilled positions available at the factory.semisweet, UK: semi-sweet adj (slightly sweetened)半甜的；不太甜的sensationalize [sth], also UK: sensationalise [sth] vtr (overdramatize)使…耸人听闻；以…哗众取宠The news report sensationalized the rally; there was a small conflict, but it wasn't serious.sense of humor (US), sense of humour (UK) n (finding things funny)幽默感Wally has a strange sense of humor: he's always making jokes that no-one else understands.沃力的幽默感很奇怪，他总是讲一些没人理解得了的笑话。sensitization, also UK: sensitisation n (development of an allergy) (医学)敏化，致敏The research team is studying sensitization to food allergies in children.sensitization, also UK: sensitisation n (increased vulnerability to [sth])敏感化The hustle and bustle of the city can lead to a sensitization to the solitude of the countryside.sensitize [sb], also UK: sensitise [sb] vtr (make [sb] sensitive) (人)使...敏感The shocking incident sensitized Tina.sensitize [sb] to [sth], also UK: sensitise [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (make [sb] more sensitive to [sth])使...敏感；使意识到The experience sensitized the children to the reality of the world.sensitize [sth], also UK: sensitise [sth] vtr (make [sth] more sensitive) (物)使...变得更敏感The process sensitizes the cells so they can detect changes in the atmosphere.sensitize [sth] to [sth], also UK: sensitise [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (organism, etc.: make sensitive to [sth])使…对…敏感The scientist sensitized the bacteria to the chemical.sensitize [sth], also UK: sensitise [sth] vtr (photography: make light-sensitive) (摄影)使...感光，使...具有感光性The photographer sensitized the film for artistic effect.摄影师让胶片感光，创造艺术化的效果。sentimentalization, also UK: sentimentalisation n (overemotional, romanticized view)多愁善感；感伤sentimentalize [sth], also UK: sentimentalise [sth] vtr (be overly emotional about [sth])对…多愁善感；为…感伤sentimentalize, also UK: sentimentalise vi (be overly emotional)多愁善感, 感情用事septicemia (US), septicaemia (UK) n (blood poisoning) (美式拼法)脓毒血症，败血病，败血症septicemic (US), septicaemic (UK) adj (relating to blood poisoning)败血症的sepulcher (US), sepulchre (UK) n (tomb) (美式拼法)坟墓，墓穴，墓地，墓serialization, also UK: serialisation n (publication or broadcast in parts)连载；连播The serialization of the novel for TV broadcast was very well done.serialization, also UK: serialisation n (arrangement into a series)序列化；排成序列serialization, also UK: serialisation n (computing) (计算机)串行化serialize [sth], also UK: serialise [sth] vtr (present [sth] in episodes) (小说)连载，分期出版； (电视剧等)连播The novel was serialized in a popular magazine.serialize [sth], also UK: serialise [sth] vtr (arrange in a series)使...成序列；序列化serialize [sth], also UK: serialise [sth] vtr (computing: format for reconstruction) (计算机)串行化sermonize, also UK: sermonise vi (preach) (本义)布道，讲道sermonize, also UK: sermonise vi figurative, pejorative (talk moralistically) (比喻)劝诫，说教service center (US), service centre (UK) n (repair shop)维修服务中心set the table, also UK: lay the table v expr (lay place settings for a meal) (准备吃饭)摆桌子；摆餐具My mother asked me to set the table whilst she cooked our dinner.setup, also UK: set-up n (arrangement)安排；布置You've got a great setup here for working from home.你家中办公室的布置非常好。setup, also UK: set-up n (gathered equipment) (舞台)设备；器具We left our setup on stage for tomorrow night's concert.我们把设备留在了舞台上，方便明天晚上开音乐会。setup, also UK: set-up n informal (hoax, trap)圈套；陷阱They invited you there as a set-up to rob your house.他们把你邀请到那里，是要设下陷阱，抢劫你的住处。setup, also UK: set-up n (computing: installation) (计算机)设置Double-click on the icon to start the setup.双击图标，启动设置。setup, also UK: set-up n (art: arrangement of objects) (艺术)物品摆放；陈设I'm going to paint a simple still life set-up with a vase of flowers and a table cloth.我要画一幅简单的静物摆放画——一个插满花的花瓶和一块桌布。sexualization, also UK: sexualisation n (giving of sexual characteristics)性化；性征化sexualization, also UK: sexualisation n (seeing in a sexual way)从性的角度看sexualization, also UK: sexualisation n (assigning of sexual significance)具有性方面的吸引力sexualize [sth], also UK: sexualise [sth] vtr (give sexual characteristics to)使...带有性的色彩；使...带有性的特征sexualize [sth/sb], also UK: sexualise [sth/sb] vtr (see in a sexual way)带性色彩地看待；从性的角度看待sexualize [sth/sb], also UK: sexualise [sth/sb] vtr (assign sexual significance to)使...有性的特征；使...有性别shadowbox (US), shadow-box (UK) vi (practise boxing alone)独自练拳；与假想敌进行拳击训练shadowbox (US), shadow-box (UK) vi figurative (pretend to deal with a problem)推诿, 打太极shadowboxing (US), shadow-boxing (UK) n (boxing practise alone)太极拳shakeout, also UK: shake-out n (failure of businesses due to competition)重大变革After the shakeout, only a few businesses were left in the city.shantytown, also UK: shanty town n (slums, makeshift housing)贫民窟；贫民区；棚户区The shantytown at the edge of the city has a high crime rate.shell shock, also UK: shellshock n (psychiatry: war trauma)炮弹休克；弹震症shish kabob (US), shish kebab (UK) n (meat and vegetables on skewers)烤肉串The shish kebab was cooked over hot charcoal.shoe store (US), shoe shop (UK) n (shop that sells footwear)鞋店shoeshine, also UK: shoe-shine n mainly US (shoe-cleaning service)擦鞋；皮鞋美容shopping cart (US), shopping basket (UK) n (internet: items selected to buy) (网上)购物车shopping center (US), shopping centre (UK) n (retail complex)购物中心They're going to build a new shopping center on that plot of land.shortchange [sb] (US), short-change [sb] (UK) vtr (return insufficient money to) (找钱时)少找零钱shortchange [sb] (US), short-change [sb] (UK) vtr informal, figurative (cheat out of [sth], deprive of [sth])欺骗, 骗取short-sighted (UK), nearsighted (US) adj (myopic) (本义)近视的，近视眼的The test showed that Toby was shortsighted and needed glasses.short-sighted (UK), shortsighted (US) adj figurative (failing to plan ahead) (比喻)目光短浅的，没远见的，鼠目寸光的Congress' bill to reduce taxes on greenhouse gas companies was shortsighted.short-sightedness (UK), nearsightedness (US) n (vision clear at short distance only)近视short-sightedness (UK), shortsightedness (US) n figurative (inability to plan long-term)鼠目寸光，目光短浅shoveler, UK: shoveller n (person who shovels)挖土工show [sb] around, UK: show [sb] round vtr + adv (guide round a new place)带...参观；领...四处看看Sally was asked to show her new classmate around.show [sb] around [sth], UK: show [sb] round [sth] vtr + prep (guide round a new place)领…参观The real estate broker showed the couple around the apartment.show schedule (US), programme schedule (UK) n (timetable of TV shows)电视节目表show your true colors (US), show your true colours (UK) v expr figurative (reveal real nature)展露真我；展现本色shrimp (US), prawn (UK, AU) n (edible sea creature)虾备注: May be used as a countable or uncountable noun.The children used a net to catch shrimps.孩子们用网捞虾。shrimp (US), prawn (UK, AU) n as adj (relating to larger shrimp)虾的，大虾的Large nets protect the shrimp farm from birds and crabs.大网能保护虾养殖场不被鸟儿和螃蟹祸害。shrimp (US), prawn (UK) vi (catch shrimp)抓虾；捕虾The fishermen were shrimping.渔夫在抓虾。shriveled (US), shrivelled (UK) adj (withered, shrunken)枯萎的shriveled up (US), shrivelled up (UK), shriveled-up (US), shrivelled-up (UK) adj (dried and wrinkled)枯萎的The shriveled-up leaf crumbled to dust in her fingers.shuck [sth] (US), husk [sth] (UK) vtr (sweetcorn: remove husk) (玉米)剥...的壳；去...的皮This machine automatically shucks the corn.这台机器能自动为玉米去壳。shut-off (UK), shutoff (US) n (abrupt stopping of [sth]) (突然的)阻断，切断，中止，关闭shut-off (UK), shutoff (US) adj (for stopping [sth] completely)用来彻底停止…的；用来彻底关闭…的sick bay (US), sickbay, sick-bay (UK) n (infirmary)船上的医务室The soldier reported immediately to sick bay.sick leave, also UK: sickness leave n (time off work for illness)病假Freddy's teacher has been on sick leave for three weeks or more.弗雷迪的老师已经休了三周或者更久的病假了。sickle cell anemia, sickle-cell anemia (US), sickle cell anaemia, sickle-cell anaemia (UK) n (inherited blood disorder)镰状细胞性贫血Sickle cell anaemia is a serious blood disorder which affects many people.sidesplitting (US), side-splitting (UK) adj figurative (hilarious, very funny) (比喻)非常滑稽的，极其搞笑的signaler (US), signaller (UK) n (traffic controller)交通管理员signaler (US), signaller (UK) n (person communicating by signals)信号员；信号兵signalization (US), signalling (UK) n (system of signals)信号系统signalization (US), signalling (UK) n (making something conspicuous)突出；显著化Thanks to Julie's signalling of the problem, I was able to deal with it before it turned into a disaster.signalize [sth] (US), signal [sth] (UK) vtr (indicate)标志着；表明；表示silent partner, also UK: sleeping partner n figurative (business investor with no active role)隐名合伙人；不参加经营的合伙人Dad's only a silent partner in the business: he never gets involved in decision making.silver gray (US), silver grey (UK) n (color: light gray)银灰色silver gray, silver-gray (US), silver grey, silver-grey (UK) adj (light grey in color)银灰色备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the nounsimonize [sth], also UK: simonise [sth] vtr (polish [sth] with wax)给…上光蜡simpleminded (US), simple-minded (UK) adj (person: unintelligent)头脑简单的；想法简单的simpleminded (US), simple-minded (UK) adj (idea: overly simplified) (思想)单纯的，简单的，淳朴的simplemindedness (US), simple-mindedness (UK) n (low intelligence)智力低下，智商低single-story (US), single-storey (UK) adj (building: having one level, floor) (建筑)单层的singletree (US, Can), swingletree (UK) n (crossbar in horse's harness)马车前端的横木sissy, also UK: cissy n pejorative, informal (coward) (非正式用语)胆小鬼，懦夫Don't be a sissy; jump off the bridge!sissy, also UK: cissy n pejorative, informal (effeminate boy) (贬义)娘娘腔Brian's classmates called him a sissy, because he preferred reading to playing sport, but now he's a professor at a prestigious university.布莱恩不喜欢体育运动，而喜欢读书，被同班同学叫作“娘娘腔”，可他现在成了一所知名大学的教授。sissy, also UK: cissy adj pejorative, informal (cowardly)胆小的, 怯懦的sissy, also UK: cissy adj pejorative, informal (effeminate)娘娘腔的The boy is often picked on for being sissy.sister city (US), twin town (UK) n (town twinned with another)姊妹城市；姐妹城市；友好城市Our sister city is in Germany.sixteenth (US), semiquaver (UK) adj (musical time)十六分音符的The overture was full of sixteenth notes, which made it difficult to play.skeleton in the closet, also UK: skeleton in the cupboard n (secret from the past)不可告人的秘密Everyone has a few skeletons in their cupboard that they wouldn't like other people to find out about.skeptic (US), sceptic (UK) n (person who doubts)怀疑者Don is a skeptic when it comes to stories about aliens.skeptic (US), sceptic (UK) n (religion: unbeliever)对宗教怀疑者；对教义怀疑者The church group does not tolerate skeptics.skeptical (US), sceptical (UK) adj (disbelieving, doubting)怀疑性的Frank takes a skeptic view on religion.skeptical (US), sceptical (UK) adj (doubting)怀疑的；不相信的I'm skeptical about your ability to finish this work by tomorrow.skeptically (US), sceptically (UK) adv (in a disbelieving way)怀疑地；不相信地Kevin looked at the detective skeptically, not believing his theory.凯文怀疑地看着侦探，不相信侦探的说法。skepticism (US), scepticism (UK) n (religion: lack of belief) (宗教)怀疑论，对宗教的怀疑Georgina was ostracized from the church for her skepticism.skepticism (US), scepticism (UK) n (attitude of doubt) (态度)怀疑态度，不相信Christina was known for her skepticism and her constant questioning.skepticism (US), scepticism (UK) n (doubt)怀疑态度；怀疑主义It's good to have a little skepticism when listening to others' beliefs.skillfully (US), skilfully (UK) adv (with dexterity)巧妙地；精巧地Gloria skillfully played the piano sonata.skillfully (US), skilfully (UK) adv (showing expertise)娴熟地；熟练地Peter quickly and skillfully finished coding the computer program.skilled labor (US), skilled labour (UK) n (manual work that requires training)技术工skillful (US), skilful (UK) adj (person: with skills)技术高超的；熟练的Elizabeth is very skillful; I'm sure she'll be able to handle this job.usage: ‘skilful’Someone who is skilful at something does it very well.They are a great team with a lot of skilful players.As an artist, he was very skilful with a pencil. Skilful is spelled skillful in American English.skillful (US), skilful (UK) adj (showing skill)制作精良的This cabinet is beautifully made; it's a very skilful piece of work.skillfulness (US), skilfulness (UK) n (artistry, dexterity)技巧；灵巧；娴熟Marta shows skillfulness in software design.skim milk (US), nonfat milk (US), skimmed milk (UK) n (low-fat dairy milk)脱脂乳Drinking skim milk's like drinking white water - I prefer 2% milk.skin color (US), skin colour (UK) n (tone of complexion)皮肤颜色；肤色White and black are the two common skin colours.skip [sth], also UK: skim [sth] vtr (make ricochet)用...打水漂She skipped a flat stone over the surface of the pond.她用扁平的石块在池塘上打水漂。skip stones, also UK: skim stones vtr + npl (make pebbles ricochet)打水漂The children were skimming stones across the lake.skirt around [sth], also UK: skirt round [sth] vi + prep figurative (topic: avoid) (话题)回避He skirted around the subject and managed not to mention it.skirt around [sth], also UK: skirt round [sth] vi + prep (go round edge of)绕过slasher movie, also UK: slasher film n (violent or gory horror film)暴力恐怖片；血腥恐怖片slave labor (US), slave labour (UK) n (slavery, enforced work) (总称)奴隶，苦力；奴隶劳动，苦役Many of the greatest monuments were built by slave labor.slave labor (US), slave labour (UK) n figurative (low-paid work)繁重而报酬微薄的工作For many, working in a fast food restaurant is slave labor.It may be slave labor, but at least it's a job.sled (US), sledge (UK) n (sledge, snow vehicle)雪橇； (英国英语)平底雪橇，长撬The children are out on the sled they got for Christmas.孩子们正在外面玩他们圣诞时获得的雪橇呢。sled, go sledding (US), sledge, go sledging (UK) vi (travel on a sledge)乘雪橇We sledded down the hill all afternoon.整个下午我们都乘坐雪橇在山上滑雪。sleep apnea (US), sleep apnoea (UK) n (interrupted breathing during sleep)睡眠呼吸中止症slenderize [sb/sth], also UK: slenderise [sb/sth] vtr (make slimmer) (人)使苗条，使变得苗条； (物)使变得细长slipcover (US), slipcase (UK) n (hard jacket for book or CD)（书的）封套；书封The slipcover for the CD is cracked.slipped disk, herniated disk, ruptured disk (US), slipped disc, herniated disc (UK) n (herniated spinal disk)椎间盘突出slosh around, also UK: slosh about vi + adv (splash through: mud, water) (在水或泥中)趟着走；踩水走The children were sloshing around in puddles.slosh around, also UK: slosh about vi + adv (water: splash about) (水)拍打I can feel water sloshing around inside my boots.slowpoke (US), slowcoach (UK) n pejorative, informal (person who does things slowly)动作迟缓的人, 行动缓慢的人smart-ass, smartass, smart ass (US), smart-arse, smartarse, smart arse (UK) n pejorative, vulgar, slang (arrogant person)自作聪明者；自以为是的人；自以为了不起的人If we invite that smart-ass, he'll just spoil the party.smart-ass, smartass, smart ass (US), smart-arse, smartarse, smart arse (UK) n as adj pejorative, vulgar, slang (person: know-it-all, arrogant)自作聪明的；自以为是的；自以为了不起的My smartass brother is always giving me unhelpful advice.smart-ass (US), smartass, smart ass, smart-arse (UK), smartarse, smart arse n as adj slang, pejorative, vulgar (comment, reply: arrogant, clever) (指回答、评论)自作聪明的When Tia's father asked why she was home so late, she gave a smartass reply, so he grounded her.smash-up (UK), smashup (US) n informal (road accident, wreck) (非正式用语)（车辆）相撞，撞车The traffic was bad because of the smash-up on the highway.smokehouse, also UK: smokery n (building where food is cured)熏肉屋；熏鱼屋；烟熏室smolder (US), smoulder (UK) vi (burn slowly)闷烧，阴燃The campfire smoldered late into the night.smolder (US), smoulder (UK) vi figurative (be moody or resentful)闷闷不乐, 愤怒郁积Dylan smoldered all afternoon as he continued to mull over his girlfriend's accusation.smolder (US), smoulder (UK) vi figurative (be good looking)长相好看The shapely woman smoldered in the tight red dress.smoldering (US), smouldering (UK) n (slow burning)闷烧；阴燃The smoldering from the house fire lasted for days.smoldering (US), smouldering (UK) adj (burning slowly) (有烟无火苗)慢慢烧着的；阴燃的The smoldering coals were hot for hours after the fire went out.smoldering (US), smouldering (UK) adj figurative (looks: intense, brooding)郁郁不乐的，阴郁的Rosa had smoldering dark brown eyes.smoldering (US), smouldering (UK) adj figurative (simmering: with rage, etc.) (愤怒)即将爆发的After being insulted by his boss, Rodney was in a smoldering rage all morning.snap judgment, also UK: snap judgement n (quickly formed assessment)仓促判断；瞬间判断sneaking, also UK: sneaky adj figurative (suspicion, feeling: vague)鬼鬼祟祟的；偷偷摸摸的Perry had a sneaking feeling that his son was lying.snicker (US), sn*** (UK) vi (laugh snidely)窃笑；暗笑The children snickered when their classmate dropped his lunch tray.snicker [sth] (US), sn*** [sth] (UK) vtr (say with a snide laugh)窃笑着说；暗笑着说"You think that's a good painting?" John snickered.snicker (US), sn*** (UK) n often plural (quiet, snide laugh)窃笑；暗笑Whenever the teacher made a mistake, the children tried to hide their sn***s.snickering (US), sn***ing (UK) n (quiet snide laughter)窃笑, 暗笑snickering (US), sn***ing (UK) adj (laughing snidely)窃笑的, 暗笑的sniveler (US), sniveller (UK) n (person who whines)为小事发牢骚的人sniveler (US), sniveller (UK) n (person who sniffles)用鼻子呼哧呼哧呼吸的人sniveling (US), snivelling (UK) n (crying with sniffles)啜泣，抽抽噎噎地哭sniveling (US), snivelling (UK) n disapproving (whining, complaining)哭着抱怨，哭诉sniveling (US), snivelling (UK) adj (crying with sniffles)啜泣的sniveling (US), snivelling (UK) adj disapproving (whining, complaining)哭着抱怨的，哭诉的snorkeler (US), snorkeller (UK) n (swimmer using a snorkel)使用水下呼吸管的潜泳者snorkeling (US), snorkelling (UK) n (swimming with air tube and mask)潜水；潜泳；浮潜The resort offers many activities, including boat trips, snorkelling, and hiking.snow pea, sugar pea, also UK: mangetout n (pea with edible pod)荷兰豆snowplow (US), snowplough (UK) n (machine for clearing snow)扫雪机；清雪机We need a snowplow to clear the streets.我们需要一台扫雪机来清理街道。snowplow (US), snowplough (UK) n (skiing: turning technique) (滑雪)犁式转弯, 犁式制动滑降The skier performed a snowplow and got past the obstacle.滑雪运动员来了个犁式转弯，穿过了障碍物。snowplow (US), snowplough (UK) vi (clear away snow with snowplow)用除雪机除雪The farmer had to use his tractor to snowplow.那个农民用拖拉机来除雪。snowplow [sth] (US), snowplough [sth] (UK) vtr (clear of snow)除雪Snowplows from the city had to be called in to snowplow the roads on the countryside.城里的扫雪机不得不被调来为乡间道路除雪。snowplow (US), snowplough (UK) vi (skiing: perform a snowplow) (滑雪动作)犁式转弯, 犁式制动滑降The beginning ski students were learning to snowplow.socialization, also UK: socialisation n (adjustment to society)使适应社会生活；社会化Counselors work with the prisoners to help with their socialization.socialize, also UK: socialise vi (interact with others)社交；社会交往；交际We only find time to socialize on weekends.socialize with [sb], also UK: socialise with [sb] vi + prep (interact with others)与…社交；与…交际The factory owner never socializes with his workers.socialize [sb], also UK: socialise [sb] vtr (child: teach to interact)使适应社会；使学会与人交往Public schools have a big responsibility to socialize children.socialized healthcare, also UK: socialised healthcare n US (funded health service)公费医疗保健socialized medicine, also UK: socialised medicine n US, uncountable (universal health care system)公费医疗socializing, also UK: socialising n (interaction with others)交往；交际David hates socializing and usually avoids parties.socioeconomic, also UK: socio-economic adj (of society and economics)社会经济的；社会经济学的Despite their socioeconomic differences, the two are best friends.socioeconomic status, also UK: socio-economic status n (social and economic class or position)社会经济地位soda (US), fizzy drink (UK) n (carbonated beverage)苏打水；汽水The adults had wine and the kids had sodas with the meal. A lot of fizzy drinks contain artificial sweeteners.成年人随餐配酒，孩子们则是汽水。许多汽水都含有人造甜味剂。soda pop (US), fizzy pop (UK) n (carbonated drink) (地方用法)苏打水，汽水，碳酸饮料I think I'll settle for just a hamburger and a soda pop for lunch.sodomize [sb], also UK: sodomise [sb] vtr (perform anal sex)对…肛交；鸡奸softbound (US), soft-bound (UK) adj (book: paperback) (指书)软皮的，平装的solemnization, also UK: solemnisation n (act of making [sth] serious in tone)庄严化solemnization, also UK: solemnisation n (act of making [sth] formal)隆重化；隆重庆祝solemnize [sth], also UK: solemnise [sth] vtr (make [sth] serious in tone)语气严肃地说solemnize [sth], also UK: solemnise [sth] vtr (make [sth] formal)使庄严；庄严化soliloquize, also UK: soliloquise vi (perform a monologue)念独白；独白表演somber (US), sombre (UK) adj (person: grave, serious) (人)严肃的，不苟言笑的She looked so somber that I asked her what was wrong.somber (US), sombre (UK) adj (mood: serious, gloomy) (情绪)低落的，闷闷不乐的What's put you in such a somber mood this morning?somber (US), sombre (UK) adj (color: dark, subdued) (颜色)暗淡的，素的During the rainy season the sky is always dull and somber.somberly (US), sombrely (UK) adv (without humor, seriously)严肃地；不苟言笑地somewhere around, also UK: somewhere about prep (in an unspecified nearby place)在附近I know I left my keys somewhere around here!somewhere around, also UK: somewhere about adv (approximately)大约；大概The world population is somewhere around five billion.I can meet you somewhere around noon on Friday for lunch.sound judgment, also UK: sound judgement n (good sense)正确的判断；明智的判断sour cream, also UK: soured cream n (soured dairy product)酸奶油The trick to a rich devil's food cake is to use some sour cream or buttermilk.制作风味十足的巧克力蛋糕的诀窍就是制作时使用一些酸奶油或者脱脂乳。soy, also UK: soya adj (relating to or made from soy)大豆制的Lisa is vegan, and when we go to the coffee shop she has a soy latte.soy bean, UK: soya bean n (edible legume)黄豆；大豆soy milk, soybean milk, also UK: soya milk, soya bean milk n (liquid obtained from soybeans)豆奶，豆浆soybean (mainly US), soy bean (mainly US), soya bean (mainly UK) n (food: soybean seed) (食物)黄豆，大豆They serve edible soybeans as an appetizer.soybean (mainly US), soy bean (mainly US), soya bean (mainly UK) adj (made of soybeans)黄豆做的Have you tried this new soybean dip?spare tire (US), spare tyre (UK) n (extra wheel cover)备用轮胎, 备用车胎, 备胎I keep a spare tyre in the boot of my car.；spare tire (US), spare tyre (UK) n figurative, slang (fat stomach)肚子上的脂肪, 腰部赘肉, “游泳圈”I've got to watch what I eat: I need to lose this spare tire.spark plug, also UK: sparking plug n (device that ignites an engine)火花点火引擎；火花塞There was nothing seriously wrong with the car – we just needed to change the spark plugs.special favor (US), special favour (UK) n (act of preferential kindness)特别恩惠；特别优惠；特殊照顾As a special favour he was allowed to stay up late on his birthday.specialization, also UK: specialisation n (specialized subject, major)专业Marie's specialization is ancient European history.specialization, also UK: specialisation n (area of expertise)专业领域；专长Brian is a linguist whose specialization is phonology.specialization, also UK: specialisation n (refinement)特化The specialization of the operation was praised by the president.specialize, also UK: specialise vi (have a field of expertise)有专长；有专门研究方向It's ok to start university without deciding on a major, but sooner or later you need to specialize.specialize in [sth], also UK: specialise in [sth] vi + prep (study [sth] as main subject)把…作为专业；专修Tina decided she wanted to specialize in education.specialize in [sth], also UK: specialise in [sth] vi + prep (be an expert)专攻；专门研究As a lawyer he specialized in trademark law.specialize in doing [sth], also UK: specialise in doing [sth] v expr (be an expert in doing [sth])专门研究；专门从事Pediatricians are doctors who specialize in treating children.specialized, also UK: specialised adj (education, training: narrow, focused) (培训等)专门的，专项的，特别的Candidates receive specialized training in using the equipment.specialized, also UK: specialised adj (tool: for specific purpose) (工具)专用的You'll need a specialized tool to remove the casing.specialty (US), speciality (UK) n (forte, best thing)专长, 拿手； (品牌、企业等)拿手产品, 特色产品Baking cakes is Dan's speciality.specialty (US), speciality (UK) n (food: special dish)特产；特色菜Spaghetti bolognese is Karen's specialty.specialty (US), speciality (UK) n (medicine: area of expertise) (医学)专科，（医生）专攻方向This doctor's specialty is gastric bypass surgery.specialty (US), speciality (UK) n as adj (product, etc.: special)特产, 土特产, 名产The roast duck is the chef's specialty dish.specialty store (US), speciality shop (UK) n (specialized goods)专卖店They only sell golf shoes in that specialty store.那家专卖店里只出售高尔夫球鞋。specter (US), spectre (UK) n (ghost)鬼；鬼魂；鬼怪The girls swore that a specter appeared in the graveyard.the specter of [sth] (US), the spectre of [sth] (UK) n figurative (unpleasant idea or image)挥之不去的可怕念头；萦绕心头的忧惧The specter of humiliation haunted Emma long after the embarrassing event.spider web, UK: spider's web n (structure spun by spider) (美式拼法)蜘蛛网I hate walking into spider webs in the forest.spiderweb (US), spider web (mainly US), spider's web (mainly UK) n (structure spun by a spider)蛛网；蜘蛛网The hikers encountered many spiderwebs on the little-used trail.spiralize [sth], also UK: spiralise [sth] vtr (vegetables: cut into strips)切成螺旋形；呈螺旋形spiralizer, also UK: spiraliser n (vegetable-cutting tool)螺旋切丝器spit-up rag (US), spit-up cloth (US), burp cloth (UK) n (to catch baby's vomit)拍嗝巾；口水巾splendor (US), splendour (UK) n (magnificence) (美式拼法)壮观，壮丽The splendor of the spring morning delighted the travelers.spoiled, also UK: spoilt adj (child, person: overly pampered)被宠坏的；被惯坏的That child's parents have let her have her own way too much; she's spoiled. Their kids are a bunch of nasty, noisy, spoilt brats.那个孩子的父母随便她想干什么就干什么，她被惯坏了。他们的孩子就是一群又吵闹又讨厌的被惯坏了的熊孩子。spoiled, also UK: spoilt adj (food: rotten, bad) (食物)变质的，腐败的Gareth poured the spoiled milk down the sink. Did you know there's some spoilt meat in the fridge?加雷斯把变质的牛奶倒进了水槽。你知道冰箱里有些变质的肉么？spoiled brat, also UK: spoilt brat n pejorative, slang (unpleasant or greedy child)被惯坏的顽皮孩子；被宠坏的熊孩子Children with no siblings are often thought of as being spoiled brats.spoiled child, also UK: spoilt child n (child: unpleasant, greedy)被惯坏的孩子If you always give in to him, he'll become a spoiled child.spoiled milk, also UK: spoilt milk n (milk that has gone sour)变质牛奶sports (US), sport (UK) n (physical activity)运动；体育锻炼备注: Used with a singular verbI like reading and sport, but have too little time for either.我喜欢读书，也喜欢体育，但时间干哪个都不够。sport center (US), sports centre (UK) n (venue for physical activity)体育中心sport shoe (US), sports shoe (UK) n usually plural (sneaker, trainer)运动鞋You can't go to the mayor's ball wearing sports shoes!square kilometer (US), square kilometre (UK) n usually plural (area: 1km x 1km)平方公里；平方千米square meter (US), square metre (UK) n usually plural (area of 1m x 1m) (美式拼法)平方米My garden measures about 30 square meters.square millimeter (US), square millimetre (UK) n usually plural (area of 1mm x 1mm)平方毫米The surgeon removed eight square millimetres of tissue from the affected area.stabilization, also UK: stabilisation n (act of becoming, making more stable)稳定stabilize [sth/sb], also UK: stabilise [sth/sb] vtr (make stable, steady)使稳定；使稳固；使平稳The doctor was able to stabilize the patient's heart rate with medication.stabilize [sth], also UK: stabilise [sth] vtr (make even)使平稳；使稳住The ship's crew was able to stabilize the angle of the deck after the storm damaged it.stabilize [sb], also UK: stabilise [sb] vtr (patient: make condition stable) (病人)使...状况稳定；使某人病情稳定下来Doctors have succeeded in stabilising him.stabilize, also UK: stabilise vi (become steady)稳定；稳固；使平稳The underpinning should help the wall to stabilize.stabilize, also UK: stabilise vi (condition: not worsen) (状况)稳定The patient's condition has stabilized.stabilizers (UK), stabilisers (UK), training wheels (US) npl (bicycle training wheels)儿童自行车稳定轮，儿童自行车辅助轮stabilizer, also UK: stabiliser n (thing: support)使…保持稳定的物；稳定装置stabilizer, also UK: stabiliser n (food additive)稳定剂stabilizer, also UK: stabiliser n (chemical: prevents reaction)稳定剂stabilizer bar, antiroll bar, antisway bar, sway bar, also UK: stabiliser bar n (automotive) (汽车)稳定杆，防倾杆stale check (US), stale cheque (UK) n (bank order cashed late)失效支票standard behavior (US), standard behaviour (UK) n (what is normally done)标准行为；标准做法standardization, also UK: standardisation n (making [sth] conform)标准化Preserving varieties of language is important, but standardization is crucial for understanding.standardize [sth], also UK: standardise [sth] vtr (make [sth] conform)把…标准化Teachers were sent to the country's outlying islands in order to standardize the national language.standardized test, also UK: standardised test n (same test for everyone)标准考试；标准测试The SAT is a standardized test that is widely used for college admissions.standardized testing, UK: standardised testing n (assessment according to set criteria)标准化考试This state has introduced standardized testing in all public schools.standby, also UK: stand-by n (electronic device: low power setting) (电子设备)待机模式，待机状态After 20 minutes, the TV switched to standby.20分钟后，电视会切换到待机模式。standoffishness (US), stand-offishness (UK) n (being unfriendly, awkward)冷漠，冷淡，疏远starstruck, also UK: star-struck adj figurative (awed by fame or celebrities) (比喻)对名望充满敬畏的，对名流充满敬畏的The first time I met my hero in person, I was a little starstruck.start with a clean slate, also UK: start with a clean sheet v expr figurative (be allowed a fresh start)从头开始；改过自新；重新开始startup, also UK: start-up n (computing: switching on) (计算机)启动You should check which programs run automatically at startup.startup, also UK: start-up n (machine: activation) (机械)开动；启动The machine makes an odd sound on startup.startup, startup company, also UK: start-up, start-up company n (new business)新兴公司；新创企业；初创公司Kirsten quit her job at a software company to join a startup.Most start-up businesses fail within the first two years.startup, also UK: start-up n as adj (relating to starting)起动阶段；起动阶段的The entrepreneurs arranged a meeting with the bank to secure their startup capital.startup business (US), start-up business (UK) n as adj (new business) (企业或工程)起始阶段的，启动时期的startup costs (US), start-up costs (UK) npl (for a new business)启动成本；开业成本stat (US), stats (UK) n as adj abbreviation, informal (relating to statistics) (statistics的缩略形式，非正式用语)统计的Kevin dropped out of stat class because it was so difficult.statewide, also UK: state-wide adj (across a state)全州的；全州范围的statewide, also UK: state-wide adv (across a state)全州地The measure was popular locally, but not statewide.steel gray (US), steel grey (UK) n (dark metallic colour)钢灰色；金属灰steel gray, steel-gray (US), steel grey, steel-grey (UK) adj (of a dark metallic colour)钢灰色的；金属灰的备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the nounstep lively (mainly US), look lively (mainly UK) v expr informal (hurry)快点，赶紧stepmom (mainly US), step-mom (mainly US), stepmum (UK), step-mum (UK) n informal (parent's wife)继母；后母sterilization, also UK: sterilisation n (removal of germs)除菌；灭菌；杀菌sterilization, also UK: sterilisation n (procedure to make [sb] infertile)绝育手术sterilize [sth], also UK: sterilise [sth] vtr (make free of germs)消毒；除菌Surgeons' tools must be sterilized before they operate.sterilize [sb/sth], also UK: sterilise [sb/sth] vtr (make infertile)使无法生育，使失去生育能力，使绝育；使成不毛之地，使贫瘠It was discovered that the clinic sterilized many women without their consent.sterilizer, UK: steriliser n (device for eliminating bacteria)杀菌设备；灭菌设备stew in your own juice (UK), also US: stew in your own juices v expr informal, figurative (suffer consequences of actions)自作自受；自食其果stigmatization, also UK: stigmatisation n (treatment as a disgrace or sign of inferiority)丢脸；耻辱；污辱stigmatize [sb/sth], also UK: stigmatise [sb/sth] vtr (disgrace, mark out)使受耻辱；使蒙羞Albinos were stigmatized for a long time because of superstition.stigmatized, also UK: stigmatised adj (disgraced, marked out)被侮辱的, 蒙羞的Overweight people are a stigmatized group within society.stillbirth, also UK: stillbirth n (birth of dead baby)死产The couple was devastated by the stillbirth of their first child.stink bug, stinkbug, stink-bug, also UK: shield bug, shieldbug, shield-bug n (bad-smelling insect) (书面语)蝽象； (口语)放屁虫，臭大姐stockbroker, also UK: stock broker n (stock market agent)股票经纪人；证券经纪商Most of these securities are only available through stockbrokers.stockinette, stockinette stitch (US), stocking stitch (UK) n (knitting stitch)隔行正反针编织法stop the presses (US), hold the presses (US), stop press (UK), hold the press (UK) interj (introducing breaking news)加入最新消息Stop the presses: the White House has just issued an update.stop the presses (US), hold the presses (US), stop press (UK), hold the press (UK) interj figurative (making announcement or update)播出最新消息Hold the press! James has just texted to ask me on a date!stopover, also UK: stop-over n (brief visit)短暂中途停留We made a short stopover in New York, but unfortunately we didn't have much time for sightseeing.stopover, also UK: stop-over n (stopping place)短暂中途停留地Seattle was our stopover on our way to Hawaii.store-bought (US), shop-bought (UK) adj (purchased ready-made)买来的Shop-bought bread lasts longer than home-made.storekeeper (US), shopkeeper (UK) n (manager of a shop)经营零售商店的人Local shopkeepers all favour the Sunday opening rules.storekeeper (US), shopkeeper (UK) n (owner of a shop)店主The storekeeper swept the sidewalk in front of the shop before opening for business.-storied (US), -storeyed (UK) adj as suffix (with a given number of floors)...层的The street was lined with beautiful four-storied houses.story, plural: stories (US), storey, plural: storeys (UK) n (floor, level of a building)楼层；层，楼This building has five stories.这栋楼有六层。story, plural: stories (US), storey, plural: storeys (UK) n (layer, tier)层；分层Their wedding cake had five stories.他们的婚宴蛋糕有五层。-story (US), -storey (UK) n as adj as suffix (storied: with a given number of floors)…层的备注: Used in combination with a number.Locals objected to the proposed construction of a 20-storey building in the city centre.当地居民反对在市中心修建一栋20层建筑的提议。-story (US), -storey (UK) n as adj as suffix (with a given number of tiers, layers)…层；…楼备注: Used in combination with a number.They had a five-story cake at their wedding.他们的婚礼有个5层的大蛋糕。strain at the leash (US), strain at the lead (UK) v expr (dog: pull against lead)扯紧牵狗绳The dog was so determined to chase the cat, it was straining at the leash.straw colored, straw-colored (US), straw coloured, straw-coloured (UK) adj (hair: golden yellow)稻草色的，麦秆色的备注: The hyphen may be omitted when the adjective follows the noun.streetlamp, also UK: street lamp, street-lamp n (light mounted on a post in street)路灯；街灯A car crashed into a streetlamp during the snowstorm.streetlight, also UK: street light n (lamp illuminating a road)路灯；街灯The streetlights come on at 6:30 p.m.strut around, also UK: strut about vi + adv (go about self-importantly)大摇大摆地四处走，趾高气扬地走The bully was strutting around the playground as if he owned the place.The boxer strutted about as if he had just won the title.studio apartment, also UK: studio flat n (one-room dwelling)单室公寓；工作室型公寓She could only afford to rent a small studio apartment.stylization, also UK: stylisation n (applying a particular style to [sth]) (语言、风格、文体等)程式化, 类型化The artist used an Impressionist stylization, so the painting lacks realism but has beautiful colors and shapes.stylize [sth], also UK: stylise [sth] vtr (give [sth] a certain style)使具有某种风格；赋予…某种风格subassembly, also UK: sub-assembly n (assembled parts)子装配体，子组件subbranch, also UK: sub-branch n (subordinate company branch)支行, 分支subentry, also UK: sub-entry n (below main accounting entry)分项；子项sublieutenant, also UK: sub lieutenant, sub-lieutenant n (military rank below lieutenant)少尉subplot, also UK: subplot n (secondary story)分支情节；次要情节The novel has an interesting sub-plot about the main character's daughter.subsidization, also UK: subsidisation n (funding, financial support)补贴；津贴；补助subsidize [sth/sb], also UK: subsidise [sth/sb] vtr (fund)赞助；资助State governments subsidize education at all levels.subsidized, also UK: subsidised adj (funded)有津贴的，有补助的，受资助的I'm considering buying a subsidized electric car.subsidizer, UK: subsidiser n (provides financial support)提供资金支持的人；资助人substitute teacher (US), supply teacher (UK) n (educator: replaces [sb] temporarily)代课老师succor (US), succour (UK) n (help, aid)帮助；援助；救助succor [sb/sth] (US), succour [sb/sth] (UK) vtr (help, aid)救助..., 帮助...sugarcoat [sth] (US), sugar-coat [sth] (UK) vtr figurative (disguise [sth]'s unpleasantness)美化，粉饰，使...变得容易接受Although the teacher tried to sugarcoat it, the students understood the seriousness of the news.尽管老师试图掩饰，但是学生们都清楚这则消息的严重性。sugarcoat [sth] (US), sugar-coat [sth] (UK) vtr (cover with sugar)给…裹上糖衣The chef sugarcoated some grapes to decorate the top of the cake.厨师将一些葡萄裹上糖衣，作为蛋糕的顶层装饰。sugarless (US), sugar-free (UK) adj (gum, soda: artificially sweetened)无糖的；不含糖的；不加糖的suit of armor (US), suit of armour (UK) n historical (protective battle gear)一身铠甲，盔甲sulfa, UK: sulpha adj (relating to sulfanilamide)磺胺的；含有磺胺的sulfa, UK: sulpha n (drug: antibiotic) (药品)磺胺类药物sulfate (US), sulphate (UK) n (chemical compound)硫酸盐sulfate [sth] (US), sulphate [sth] (UK) vtr (chemistry: treat with sulfate)用硫酸盐处理...sulfate [sth] (US), sulphate [sth] (UK) vtr (chemistry: convert to sulfate)使...硫酸盐化sulfate [sth] (US), sulphate [sth] (UK) vtr (form lead-sulfate deposit)使在...上形成硫酸铅沉淀sulfate (US), sulphate (UK) vi (form lead-sulfate deposit)硫酸铅沉淀sulfonamide (US), sulphonamide (UK) n (drug type)磺胺，磺胺类sulfur (US), sulphur (UK) n (sulphur: chemical element) (美式拼法，一种化学元素)硫（磺）Sulfur has a very strong smell.sulfur [sth] (US), sulphur [sth] (UK) vtr (treat with sulphur)使…硫化，用硫来处理…If you sulfur the apples, they will stay fresh longer.sulfur dioxide (US), sulphur dioxide (UK) n (gas)二氧化硫sulfur mine (US), sulphur mine (UK) n (site where sulfur is excavated)硫矿The sulfur mine was opened in 1968.sulfurous (US), sulphurous (UK) adj (containing sulfur)含有硫磺的sulfurous (US), sulphurous (UK) adj figurative (pungent, acrid)辛辣的, 尖刻的, 刻薄的summarization, also UK: summarisation n (act of summarizing)作总结；进行总结The professor's summarization of the lecture was brief.summarization, also UK: summarisation n (summing-up)总结；概括The last slide in the presentation contains a summarization of the main ideas.summarize [sth], also UK: summarise [sth] vtr (sum [sth] up at end)总结The lecturer summarised everything she had said in the last ten minutes of the lecture.讲师对自己课堂最后十分钟的所讲内容进行总结。summarize [sth], also UK: summarise [sth] vtr (say [sth] briefly)概述；综述The chair summarized the report for the board.主席为董事会概述了一下报告。summarizing, also UK: summarising n (act of summing up)概括，概述，总结Summarizing is a difficult but important function of a conclusion.概括是做结论时一项困难但却重要的能力。summary judgment, also UK: summary judgement n (judge's decision: without jury)即决审判；简易判决summer vacation (US), summer holiday (UK) n (long holiday period over the summer)暑假备注: British English also uses "summer holidays" in the plural.summer vacation (US), summer holiday (UK) n (tourist trip taken in the summer)夏日度假sunburned (US), sunburnt (UK) adj (burned by sun's heat)晒黑的；晒伤的Heather got sunburned when she went skiing, can you believe it?supermom (US), supermum (UK) n informal (successful working mother)超级妈妈surefire, also UK: sure-fire adj informal (certain to succeed) (非正式用语)必定成功的surf the Internet (US), surf the internet (UK) v expr (browse the world wide web)上网；网上浏览swan dive (US), swallow dive (UK) n (into water)直体向前跳水；燕式跳水He took a swan dive into the pool from the diving board.swan dive (US), swallow dive (UK) n figurative (economics: decrease) (比喻，经济等)跳水，直线下降，暴跌At the very beginning of the recession world stock markets took a swan dive.swan dive (US), swallow dive (UK) n figurative (loss of prestige, etc.) (比喻，声望等)跳水，直线下降，暴跌The politician's campaign took a swan dive when he revealed his affair with the secretary.swap, also UK: swop n informal (exchange, trade)交换Since you'd prefer this dessert and I'd prefer yours, how about a swop?既然你想要这份甜点，我又喜欢你的那份，那何不交换一下？swap [sth], also UK: swop [sth] vtr informal (exchange, trade)交换；与…作交换Billy swaps football cards with his friends.比利和朋友们交换球星卡。swap [sth] for [sth], also UK: swop [sth] for [sth] vtr + prep informal (trade one item for another)用…换…，用…交换…The coffee shop has swapped its plastic cups for eco-friendly paper ones.那家咖啡馆用环保的纸杯替换了本身的塑料杯。swim cap (US), swimming cap, swimming hat (UK) n (swimmer's waterproof hat)游泳帽；泳帽swim coach (US), swimming coach (UK) n (person who trains swimmers)游泳教练swim goggles (US), swimming goggles (UK) npl (glasses worn for swimming)游泳镜，泳镜swim lane (US), swimming lane (UK) n (area marked off in a pool)泳道swim lesson, also UK: swimming lesson n (class in how to swim)游泳课swim team, also UK: swimming team n (competing group of swimmers)游泳队swim trunks (US), swimming trunks (UK) npl (men's swimsuit shorts)游泳短裤；泳裤If you forget your swimming trunks, you can wear a pair of shorts.swimming pool, also UK: swimming bath, swimming baths n (public pool)游泳池Young children are forbidden to go into the deep end of the swimming pool.小孩子禁止进入游泳池的深水区。swimsuit, also UK: swimming costume n (woman's one-piece bathing outfit) (女士穿的、一体式的)泳衣Julie changed into her swimsuit and ran into the sea.朱莉换上了泳衣，跑向了大海。switchblade, switchblade knife (US), flick knife (UK) n (retractable pocket knife)弹簧刀The police discovered that the murder weapon was a switchblade.swiveling (US), swivelling (UK) adj (rotating)旋转的Sam sat down in the swiveling barber chair.symbolization, also UK: symbolisation n (representation by symbols)象征symbolize [sth/sb], also UK: symbolise [sth/sb] vtr (be a visual symbol of)成为…的象征；成为…的标志The sun figure symbolizes daytime or daylight.symbolize [sth], also UK: symbolise [sth] vtr (represent)象征，标志着；用象征性的事物表示These protests symbolize the people's discontent.sympathetic to [sth/sb], sympathetic toward [sth/sb], also UK: sympathetic towards [sth/sb] adj + prep (showing understanding)对...谅解的；同情...的The teacher is sympathetic to the problems of her teenage students.老师对她十几岁学生所造成的问题表示谅解。sympathize, also UK: sympathise vi (be compassionate)同情；怜悯When you talk about the difficulties of being unemployed, I sympathize.sympathize with [sb], also UK: sympathise with [sb] vi + prep (understand [sb]'s feelings)同情I sympathize with anyone who has experienced the death of a spouse.sympathize with [sth], also UK: sympathise with [sth] vi + prep (cause: agree with, support)赞同；支持More people have begun to sympathize with the strikers' cause.sympathizer, UK: sympathiser n (politics, cause: supporter)支持者；拥护者；同意者Communist sympathizers were prosecuted by the government.synchronization, also UK: synchronisation n (timepiece: setting to same time) (钟表)校准Check the clocks around the office for synchronization; they all need to have the same time.synchronization, also UK: synchronisation n (simultaneous behaviour)同时性；同时发生；同步发生The swimmers were in perfect synchronization.synchronize [sth], also UK: synchronise [sth] vtr (watches: set to same time) (钟表)校准…时间We synchronized our stopwatches in order to conduct the experiment accurately.synchronize [sth] with [sth], also UK: synchronise [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (watch: set to same time) (钟表)将…的时间与…的时间对准Synchronize your watch with mine so we won't be late.synchronize [sth] and [sth], also UK: synchronise [sth] and [sth] vtr (make simultaneous)使…同时；使…同步The gymnastics team needed to synchronize their movements with the music.synchronize [sth] with [sth], also UK: synchronise [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (make [sth] simultaneous with [sth])使…与…同步The theater synchronized the broadcast of the play with the live performance.synchronize, also UK: synchronise vi (be simultaneous)同时发生, 同步发生The six swimmers synchronised perfectly.synesthesia (US), synaesthesia (UK) n (confusion of senses)联觉；通感synthesize [sth], also UK: synthesise [sth] vtr (amalgamate)综合；总结I'm trying to synthesize my ideas in essay form.synthesize, also UK: synthesise vi (chemistry: be combined) (化学)合成Chemists are trying to get the enzymes to synthesize.synthesizer, UK: synthesiser n (music: electronic keyboard)电子合成音响设备The band uses a synthesizer for special sound effects.systematization, also UK: systematisation n (process of organizing as a system)系统化；体系化systematize [sth], also UK: systematise [sth] vtr (organize, order [sth])使系统化；使有条理table football (UK), foosball, table soccer (US) n (tabletop game)桌上足球tag, UK: tig n uncountable (chasing game)捉人游戏Tag is a popular playground game.take a bath, also UK: have a bath v expr mainly US (bathe)洗澡I prefer to take a shower, while others like to take a leisurely bath.take a vacation (US), take some holiday, take time off (UK) v expr (take time away from work)休假take center stage (US), take centre stage (UK) expr figurative (be the focus of attention)成为万众瞩目的中心London took centre stage in 2012 when it hosted the Olympic Games.take offense (US), take offence (UK) vtr + n (be upset or shocked)生气；不快I take offence at being given orders by my underlings.takeout, take-out, also UK: takeaway, take-away n (food, drink consumed off premises)外带食品, 外卖I can't be bothered to cook tonight; let's order a take-out.今晚我懒得做饭，我们叫份外卖吧。takeout, take-out (US), takeaway, take-away (UK) adj (food, drink: to be consumed off premises) (食品、饮料等)外卖的，外带的After the film we went to the Chinese restaurant for some take-away food.看完电影后，我们去中餐馆买了些外卖食物。take out the trash (US), put the dustbin out, put the bin out, put the rubbish out (UK) v expr (take refuse can outdoors)把垃圾桶拉出去Remember to put the dustbin out tonight; the rubbish is collected early tomorrow morning.take the cake, also UK: take the biscuit v expr figurative, informal (be uncalled for, excessive)过分；失当Jack's idea to build his own observatory really takes the cake!take [sth] with a grain of salt (US), take [sth] with a pinch of salt (UK) v expr figurative (be slightly skeptical)半信半疑；不完全相信Steven's known to exaggerate: I'd take anything he says with a grain of salt.takeoff, also UK: take-off n (aircraft: departure, launch) (飞机或航天器)起飞，升空The pilot and flight crew prepared for takeoff.；takeoff, also UK: take-off n figurative, informal (sharp rise, increase) (经济)腾飞，增长Lately there has been a takeoff in the number of teenage mothers.takeoff, also UK: take-off n mainly UK, informal (parody) (针对动作语言)滑稽模仿The film is a takeoff of a classic Dickens novel.talebearer, also UK: tale-bearer n dated (person who gossips)散播谣言的人；搬弄是非的人talk show (US), chat show (UK) n (TV interview program)现场访谈I don't recognise any of the celebrities on this talk show.我不认识这个脱口秀节目里的任何一位名人。tamable (US), tameable (UK) adj (capable of being tamed)可以驯服的；可以驯养的tantalization, also UK: tantalisation n (temptation)引诱；引逗tantalize [sb], also UK: tantalise [sb] vtr (tease, torment [sb])撩拨；吊胃口； (使某人望而不及)折磨The children weren't allowed any of the freshly baked pie and the smell tantalized them.tantalizing, also UK: tantalising adj (tempting)诱人的They made me such a tantalizing offer I could hardly refuse.tantalizing, also UK: tantalising adj (teasing)挑逗的；逗弄的；使干着急的She makes a lot of tantalizing suggestions but never follows through.tap (UK), faucet (US) n (water faucet)水龙头；阀门Robert turned on the tap and let the water run into the sink.罗伯特把水龙头打开，让水流进水槽内。tater (US), tattie (UK) n often plural, slang (potato) (俚语)土豆tattoo parlor (US), tattoo parlour (UK) n (tattooist's premises)纹身店taxi stand, also UK: taxi rank n (place where taxis wait)出租车停靠点n；出租车站There is a taxi stand a block from here. Megan needed to get home and the last bus had gone, so she went to the taxi rank.离这里一个街区远的地方有个出租车站。梅根没赶上回家的最后一堂公交车，所以去出租车站打车了。tearaway, also UK: tear-away n UK, informal (reckless person)莽撞行事的人, 狂暴冲动的人A couple of tearaways graffitied the school walls.有几个行事莽撞的人在学校墙上涂鸦。tearaway, also UK: tear-away adj UK, informal (reckless)莽撞行事的, 狂暴冲动的Some tearaway teens vandalized the park last night.昨晚，几名冲动的青少年破坏了公园。technicolor, also UK: technicolour n as adj (vivid, colorful)色彩鲜艳的；色彩丰富的teenage, also UK: teenaged adj (person: aged 13-19)年龄在13到19岁之间的Mark and Sophie have a teenage boy and a toddler.teenage boy, also UK: teenaged boy n (male aged between 13 and 19)少年；少男teenage girl, also UK: teenaged girl n (female aged between 13 and 19)少女teetotaler (US), teetotaller (UK) n (person who does not drink alcohol) (美式拼写)禁酒主义者，滴酒不沾者telecommuting, UK: teleworking n (working on computer at home)（利用电脑）远程工作；居家上班Telecommuting is convenient, but unfortunately not many companies offer the option.television show (US), television programme (UK) n (programme broadcast on TV)电视节目Television shows from the 70s seem pretty stupid to me now.70年代的电视节目在我现在看来太滑稽了。tell time (US), tell the time (UK) v expr (read the hour on an analog clock)报时，读表telltale (UK), tattletale (US) n informal (informant, gossip)告密者；泄密者The gang eventually found the telltale and killed him.Bobby is a tattletale who always reports his brother's wrongdoing to his mother.temporize, also UK: temporise vi formal (stall, delay a decision)拖延temporizer, UK: temporiser n (person: waits for right time)拖延时间者；等待时机者tenderize [sth], also UK: tenderise [sth] vtr (meat: soften)使变嫩；使嫩化tenderizer, UK: tenderiser n (tool for softening meat)柔嫩剂；嫩肉剂tenderizer, UK: tenderiser n (additive: softens meat)嫩肉粉terrorize [sb], also UK: terrorise [sb] vtr (fill with terror)恐吓；威胁；使...恐惧The extremists were terrorizing the population.terrorize [sb/sth], also UK: terrorise [sb/sth] vtr (frighten)使害怕；使惊吓；使...恐惧Billy thought it was funny to terrorize his younger sister.terry, terry towel (US), terry towelling (UK) n (absorbent fabric) (用于制作毛巾)毛圈织物Danielle wears a bathrobe made of terry when she gets out of the shower.terry, terrycloth, terry cloth, terry towel (US), terry towelling (UK) n as adj (made of toweling)毛巾布的terry cloth, terrycloth, terry towel (US), terry towelling (UK) n (toweling: absorbent fabric)毛巾布These towels are made of terry cloth and are nice and soft.Dacron, dacron (US), Terylene, terylene (UK) n ® (synthetic fabric)涤纶备注: As registered trademarks, “Terylene” and "Dacron" should be capitalized, but they are sometimes not capitalized in informal communication.tesselated (US), tessellated (UK) adj (like a mosaic)仿如马赛克镶嵌的tesselated (US), tessellated (UK) adj (relating to a mosaic)镶嵌花纹的tesselation (US), tessellation (UK) n (repeated shape pattern)镶嵌状格局textbook, also UK: text book, text-book n (book for study) (书籍：教材)课本，教科书My physics textbooks cost over £100.textbook, also UK: text-book n as adj informal (typical, characteristic)典型的；可做典范的The doctor said I had a textbook case of shingles.Irena is a great tennis player; her serve is always textbook.the cat's meow (US), the cat's whiskers (UK) n figurative, informal (person: important)妄自尊大；自命不凡Look at her, strutting about! She really thinks she's the cat's meow!the other way around, also UK: the other way round expr (physically reversed)反方向；颠倒；反过来the other way around, also UK: the other way round expr (opposite situation)相反；反过来；反而theater (US), theatre (UK) n countable (where plays are staged)剧院；戏院There are two theaters standing empty in my hometown.在我的家乡，有两个空荡荡的剧院。theater, the theater (US), theatre, the theatre (UK) n uncountable (industry: stage)戏剧界，戏剧行业The whole family's been in theatre for generations.这一家子数代人都是搞戏剧的。theater arts (US), theatre arts (UK) npl (performing arts)戏剧艺术theater critic (US), theatre critic (UK) n (reviews stage productions)戏剧批评家theater designer (US), theatre designer (UK) n (visuals for plays, etc.)剧场设计；舞台设计theater lighting (US), theatre lighting (UK) n (illumination of a stage)舞台灯光Theater lighting is meant to produce a very specific mood on stage.theater lover (US), theatre lover (UK) n (person who enjoys going to plays)戏剧爱好者theater of operations (US), theatre of operations (UK) n (military: field of action)战区Eisenhower was in control of the entire European theatre of operations.theater props (US), theatre props (UK) npl (objects, scenery used onstage)戏剧道具；舞台道具theater-in-the-round (US), theatre-in-the-round (UK) n (arena theater)三围剧场备注: 舞台起码有三面被席次包围的剧场theatergoer (US), theatre-goer (UK) n (person who goes to see a play)爱看戏的人theatergoer (US), cinemagoer (UK) n (person who goes to see a film)剧院常客；经常去看戏的人theorize, also UK: theorise vi (speculate, form theories)创建理论；进行理论上的推论；推理Galileo theorized about the speed of the Earth's rotation.theorise that, also UK: theorise that vtr (with clause: form a theory)创建理论Newton theorized that two bodies in the universe attract each other.Thermos flask, thermos flask (UK), Thermos bottle, thermos bottle (US) n ® (bottle for keeping drinks hot)保温瓶，膳魔师保温杯备注: As a registered trademark, “Thermos” should be capitalized, but it is frequently not capitalized in informal communication.I took a Thermos bottle of hot coffee with me on the trip.thighbone, also UK: thigh bone n (anatomy: femur)大腿骨；股骨think out loud, also UK: think aloud v expr (say what you are thinking)自言自语thirty-second note (US), demisemiquaver (UK) n (music: 1/32 of a whole note)三十二分音符three-story apartment (US), three-storey apartment (UK) n (flat with three floors)三层的公寓thrift store (US), charity shop (UK) n (sells second-hand items)廉价旧货商店I bought these vintage shirts at a thrift store.Charity shops are a great place to find second-hand books.这些复古衬衣我是在一家廉价旧货店买的。廉价旧货店特别适合淘二手书。throw [sb] off center (US), throw [sb] off centre (UK) v expr figurative (disorient)使某人方寸大乱；使某人感到迷惘；使某人不知所措It threw me off center when my parents told me to pack my bags.throw pillow (US), scatter cushion (UK) n often plural (small cushion)抱枕，靠垫thumb a ride, also UK: thumb a lift v expr (hitchhike)搭便车；搭顺风车We had to thumb a lift to Glasgow as we had no money left for the bus.tic-tac-toe, tick-tack-toe (US), noughts and crosses (UK) n (simple game: X's and O's)井字棋；井字游戏ticket office, also UK: booking office n (booth or kiosk selling tickets)售票处tidbit (US), titbit (UK) n (morsel of food)量小而味美的食品When I was younger, my mother wouldn't let me leave one tidbit of food on my plate at mealtimes.tidbit (US), titbit (UK) n figurative (piece of information)趣闻；珍闻；珍闻I only read a tidbit, so I don't know all the details of the story.tiebreaker, tie-breaker, also UK: tie-break n (sports, game: [sth] that resolves a draw) (体育比赛的)决胜局tights (UK), pantyhose (US) npl (women's pantyhose) (女性服装)紧身裤，连裤袜It was a bit chilly, so Linda put on a pair of tights under her skirt.天气有点冷，所以琳达在裙子下穿了一条紧身裤。timber (US), timbre (UK) n figurative (person: character, temperament)人才；…的料The candidate must convince voters that he is of prime ministerial timbre.候选人必须说服选民，让他们相信自己有做总理的能力。time-honored (US), time-honoured (UK) adj (long-established custom)历史悠久的tip the scale, turn the scale (US), tip the scales, turn the scales (UK) v expr figurative (cause [sth] to be more likely)起决定作用；打破平衡tiptop, also UK: tip-top n informal (highest point) (非正式用语)最高点，顶点，顶峰tiptop, also UK: tip-top n informal (highest degree)顶尖；顶峰tiptop, also UK: tip-top adj informal (superb, excellent) (非正式用语)最好的，绝好的tiptop, also UK: tip-top adj informal (situated at the top)顶端的；顶尖的tire (US), tyre (UK) n (rubber around wheel)轮胎I need to buy two new tyres for my car.我需要给我的车买两个新轮胎。tire cover (US), tyre cover (UK) n (covering for a tire) (美式拼写)轮胎罩tire gauge (US), tyre gauge (UK) n (device: measures tire pressure) (美式拼写)轮胎气压计The tire gauge showed that the tires were under-inflated.tire iron (US), tyre iron (UK) n (metal tool for removing a tyre)撬轮胎棒I've got the jack but I can't find the tyre iron.tire pressure (US), tyre pressure (UK) n (air pressure inside tire)胎压；轮胎气压titer (US), titre (UK) n (concentration of a solution)滴定液；滴定度The chemist prepared the titer for the test.titer (US), titre (UK) n (concentration of antibody)抗体滴度The doctor told me that my titers are low right now.tizzy, UK: tizz n informal (fit of overexcitement or panic) (非正式用语)紧张，惊慌，不安Don't go into a tizzy! It's just a bug!ton (US), tonne (UK) n (metric ton: 1000 kg) (1000公斤)公吨The vehicle weighed four tons.这辆车重四公吨。tone color (US), tone colour (UK) n figurative (music: timber)音色topical anesthetic (US), topical anaesthetic (UK) n (numbing an area of the body)局部麻醉；局麻A topical anesthetic is applied to the earlobe before piercing.totalizator, UK: totalisator n (device: calculates totals)总额计算器totalizator, UK: totalisator n (computer: calculates betting returns) (赌博)赌金计算器totalizer, also UK: totaliser n ([sth] that totals)加法计算器，累加器totalizer, also UK: totaliser n ([sth] that adds and subtracts)积算仪touch football, also UK: American touch football n (simplified US football)触身式橄榄球Touch football is a version of rugby without tackling.tow-colored (US), tow-coloured (UK) adj (hair: light yellow) (头发)亚麻色的，浅黄色的，淡黄色的toweling (US), towelling (UK) n (fabric used for towels)毛巾布toxemia (US), toxaemia (UK) n (blood poisoning)血毒症toy store (US), toy shop (UK) n (store selling children's playthings)玩具商店；玩具店In the weeks before Christmas, toy shops are packed.；track pants (US), tracksuit trousers, tracksuit bottoms (UK) npl (athlete's long tracksuit trousers)田径裤；运动长裤tractor trailer, tractor-trailer (US), articulated lorry (UK) n (vehicle with linked sections)拖拉机拖车traffic offense (US), traffic offence (UK) n (driving violation)交通违规trailer park, trailer camp (US), caravan site (UK) n (mobile home site)活动房屋停放场Due to the light weight of trailers, tornadoes often cause the most damage in trailer parks.train wreck (US), train crash (UK) n (railroad accident)火车事故training wheels (US), stabilizers, stabilisers (UK) npl (on a bicycle) (自行车的)支撑轮tranquilize [sb/sth] (US), tranquillize, tranquillise (UK) vtr (calm [sb] with drugs)用药物让…镇定；用药物让…安静tranquilizer (US), tranquillizer, tranquilliser (UK) n (calming drug, sedative)镇静剂；镇静药物tranquilizer (US), tranquillizer, tranquilliser (UK) n (sedative dart)麻醉飞镖transistorize [sth], also UK: transistorise [sth] vtr (fit [sth] with a transistor)在…上装晶体管trapezium (US), irregular quadrilateral (UK) n US (shape without parallel sides)不规则四边形trapezium (UK), trapezoid (US) n (shape with parallel sides)梯形trash can (US), dustbin, rubbish bin (UK) n (receptacle for refuse)垃圾桶；垃圾罐Take those stinky shoes outside and throw them in the trash can!把那双臭气熏天的鞋子拿到外面去扔进垃圾桶！trash collector (US), refuse collector (UK) n (person employed to collect refuse)收垃圾的人；垃圾收集者trash truck (US), dustbin lorry, rubbish lorry (UK) n (refuse collection vehicle)垃圾车；收垃圾的卡车traumatize [sb], also UK: traumatise [sb] vtr (distress, upset [sb])使受精神创伤The events of 9/11 traumatized a lot of people.travel expenses, also US: traveling expenses, also UK: travelling expenses npl (costs incurred during travel)旅费；旅行费用traveled (US), travelled (UK) adj (person: experienced in travel)游历四方的，周游四方的；旅行经验丰富的备注: Often used in combination: e.g., well-traveledClare is highly travelled thanks to her job as a flight attendant.traveled (US), travelled (UK) adj (road, path: used) (指道路)走过的，经过的；踏过的；驶过的；旅行过的备注: Often used in combination: e.g., less traveledThis path through the mountains is little travelled in the winter months.traveler (US), traveller (UK) n (person: makes journeys)旅客；旅行者The weary travelers stopped in a small town for dinner.traveler's check (US), traveller's cheque (UK) n (cheque: exchanged for currency) (美式拼法)旅行支票Bob believed that traveler's checks were safer than carrying cash.traveler's diarrhea (US), traveller's diarrhoea (UK) n (disgestive disorder)旅行者腹泻traveling (US), travelling (UK) n (activity: journeying)旅行；旅游They say that traveling broadens the mind.traveling (US), travelling (UK) adj (circus, etc: on the road) (马戏团等)巡回的，巡回表演的The traveling circus stopped coming here in 1990.traveling (US), travelling (UK) adj (salesperson: door-to-door)作旅行推销的；进行巡回推销的I never saw my children when I was a traveling salesman.traveling (US), travelling (UK) adj (itinerant, nomadic)流动的；不断迁徙的；巡回的Traveling workers come around the time of the potato harvest.traveling (US), travelling (UK) n (basketball: rule violation) (篮球)走步The player cursed after being called for traveling.traveling salesman (US), travelling salesman (UK) n (male business representative)旅行推销员tricolor (US), tricolour (UK) adj (having three colors)三种颜色的；三色的tricolor (US), tricolour (UK) n (flag with three colors)三色旗trivialization, also UK: trivialisation n (making [sth] seem unimportant)使显得琐碎；使显得不重要trivialize [sth], also UK: trivialise [sth] vtr (treat [sth] as unimportant)使…显得不重要；轻视The artist trivialized the horrific events of the war in the satirical painting.tryout, also UK: try-out n (sports trial)选拔赛；预赛Charlie is practicing for the upcoming soccer team tryouts.tryout, also UK: try-out n (test, trial run)测试；试运行If the tryout goes well, it will turn into a weekly programme.tularemia (US), tularaemia (UK) n (infectious disease) (美式拼写)土拉菌病，兔热病tumor (US), tumour (UK) n (physiology: abnormal growth)肿瘤；肿块The scan revealed a tumor in my lung.tuna, also UK: tunny n (fish) (动物)吞拿鱼，金枪鱼The fishermen were trying to catch tuna.渔民正在试图捕捞金枪鱼。tunneler (US), tunneller (UK) n (person who digs tunnels)隧道挖掘工；隧道挖掘机tunneler (US), tunneller (UK) n (animal that burrows)穴居动物turn around, also UK: turn round vi + adv (move to face away)转身If you turn around, you'll see a beautiful sunset.如果你转身，就能看见美丽的日落。turn around, also UK: turn round vi + adv (spin, rotate, revolve)转动The record turns around at 33 rpm.唱片每分钟转33转。turnout, also UK: turn-out n (number of people gathered)出席人数，到场人数The turnout was much better than we expected.turnout, also UK: turn-out n (number of people voting)投票人数Voter turnout was much higher than at the last general election.turnout, also UK: turn-out n (person's dress)一套服装；装束At the gala George's turnout was exceedingly formal.turtleneck, turtleneck collar (US), polo-neck, polo neck (UK) n (rolled-down collar)高翻领衣服Sweaters with turtlenecks make Caleb feel constricted and uncomfortable.turtleneck sweater (US), turtleneck jumper, polo-neck jumper, polo-neck sweater (UK) n informal (sweater with a rolled-down collar)高领套头毛衣；翻领毛衣With his turtleneck jumper, William looks like a 1950s intellectual.turtleneck sweater, UK: turtleneck jumper n (sweater with a rolled-down collar)高翻领毛衣Angela wore a thick turtleneck sweater and a scarf to fight the cold.TV show (US), TV programme (UK) n informal, abbreviation (television programme)电视节目I enjoy watching TV shows about nature.My favorite TV show of all time is "Scrubs".我喜欢看自然类的电视节目。// 一直以来，我最喜欢的电视节目是《实习医生风云》。two-story (US), two-storey (UK) n as adj (building: having two floors)两层的two-cycle (US), two-stroke (UK) adj (relating to certain engine type) (发动机类型)二冲程的，两冲程的tyrannize [sb], also UK: tyrannise [sb] vtr (oppress, rule)对…实施暴政；对…进行集权统治The authoritarian leader tyrannized the citizens of the country, restricting access to food and medicine.tyrannize over [sb], also UK: tyrannise over [sb] vi + prep (rule all-powerfully)对…进行集权统治；对…进行专制统治The way the ancient king tyrannized over his subjects is shocking to modern people.uberization, also UK: uberisation n (transformation of service industry model)优步化；去除中介uberize [sth], also UK: uberise [sth] vtr (transform a service industry model)优步化UK, the UK n initialism (United Kingdom) (联合王国：英格兰、苏格兰与爱尔兰)英国How long have you lived in the UK?ultrasound (UK), sonogram (US) n (medical: scan of unborn baby)超声波检查The doctors did an ultrasound to check that the baby was developing normally.unappetizing, UK: unappetising adj (food: not appealing)引不起食欲的Amanda looked sadly at the unappetizing plate of food in front of her.unarmored (US), unarmoured (UK) adj (not reinforced or protected) (美式拼写)没有防御的，没有装甲的unauthorized, also UK: unauthorised adj (unofficial)未经授权的The unauthorized biography is more interesting than the official one.unauthorized, also UK: unauthorised adj (without permission)未经许可的；未经批准的Unauthorized personnel must not enter the construction site.unbaptized, also UK: unbaptised adj (not christened)未经洗礼的；未受洗的uncivilized, also UK: uncivilised adj (savage, primitive)野蛮的；原始的The story is about some explorers who are attacked by an uncivilized tribe living deep in the jungle.uncivilized, also UK: uncivilised adj (uncultured)未受教育的；未接受文明的；未开化的Aunt Gladys complains about uncivilized people who don't appreciate art galleries and museums.uncolored (US), uncoloured (UK) adj (without added colour) (英式英语为uncoloured)未被染色的；本色的uncolored by [sth] (US), uncoloured (UK) adj + prep figurative (not influenced)未被影响的；未受影响的underpants, also UK: pants npl (underwear)内裤Jeff put on his pants and vest and a pair of jeans.Brian packed five pairs of underpants in his suitcase.杰里米穿上内裤，背心和一条牛仔裤。// 布莱恩在箱子里装了五条内裤。understory, plural: understories (US), understorey, plural: understoreys (UK) n (vegetation beneath forest)下层植被；下层林木underutilized, also UK: underutilised adj (not used to the full)未得到充分利用的unequaled (US), unequalled (UK) adj (not rivaled)无与伦比的；无可匹敌的uneven bars (US), asymmetric bars (UK) npl (gym: exercise apparatus)高低杠unfavorable (US), unfavourable (UK) adj (bad, adverse, negative) (美式拼法)不利的，不适宜的Unfavourable weather conditions prevented the climbers from reaching the summit.unfavorably (US), unfavourably (UK) adv (in a negative way)不利地，负面地This company's salaries compare unfavorably with those offered by the competition.unfertilized, also UK: unfertilised adj (egg: not joined with a male cell) (指卵子)未受精的unfertilized, also UK: unfertilised adj (soil: without added enrichment) (指土壤)未施肥的unflavored (US), unflavoured (UK) adj (food: without added flavoring) (指食物)未加佐料的uninstall [sth], also UK: uninstal [sth] vtr (remove: computer software) (电脑软件)卸载It's easy to uninstall the software; you just have to click on that icon.unionization, also UK: unionisation n (creation of a labour union)成立工会；组成工会unionize, also UK: unionise vi (create a labour union)创建工会；成立工会unionize [sth], also UK: unionise [sth] vtr (workers: organize into a union)吸收...进工会unionized, also UK: unionised adj (workers, workplace: in a trade union)加入工会的United Kingdom n (Great Britain and Northern Ireland)大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales make up the United Kingdom.大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国由英格兰、苏格兰、北爱尔兰以及威尔士组成。unitize [sth], also UK: unitise [sth] vtr (assemble [sth] into a whole)聚合；整合；统一；联合unitize [sth], also UK: unitise [sth] vtr (be divided up, separated)分开；分裂；分离universalize [sth], also UK: universalise [sth] vtr (generalize, make [sth] universal)使普遍；普及universally recognized, also UK: universally recognised adj (familiar everywhere)普遍熟知的；可放之四海的Certain facial expressions, such as a smile, are universally recognized.universally recognized, also UK: universally recognised adj (accepted everywhere)普遍认可的An MBA is a universally recognized qualification.unlabeled (US), unlabelled (UK) adj (not marked or tagged) (美式拼法)未标记的，没有标签的unlearned, UK: unlearnt adj (not learned: innate)天生的；非习得的unlearned, UK: unlearnt adj (not learned or ignored)未受教育的；无学问的unlicensed (US), unlicenced (UK) adj (person: not legally qualified)无照的；没有执照的；未获当局许可的The police have warned tourists not to use the unlicensed taxi drivers who operate on the island.unlicensed (US), unlicenced (UK) adj (restaurant, etc.: no alcohol)无照经营的The restaurant is unlicensed so you have to bring your own alcoholic drinks.unlikable, also UK: unlikeable adj (not personable)不讨人喜欢的unmatted (US), unmounted (UK) adj (picture: not matted)未装画框的；未装饰起来的unneighborly (US), unneighbourly (UK) adj (unfriendly)不友善地，不友好地The unneighborly behavior of the family next door includes playing loud music at 3 am.隔壁家庭的不友好行为包括在凌晨3点大声播放音乐。unorganized, also UK: unorganised adj (not structured, unarranged)无组织的；未安排布置的The company picnic was unorganized and no one knew what they were supposed to be doing.unorganized, also UK: unorganised adj (chaotic, untidy)凌乱的；混乱的；紊乱的I've never seen a more unorganized mess; clean this up immediately!unorganized, also UK: unorganised adj (person: disorganized) (指人)缺乏条理性的My parents used to scold me constantly for being so unorganized.unpasteurized, also UK: unpasteurised adj (milk, etc.: not treated) (指牛奶等)未经消毒的Some soft cheeses are made with unpasteurized milk.unpracticed (US), unpractised (UK) adj (not experienced, unskilled)没有经验的；不熟练的unrealizable, UK: unrealisable adj (not achievable or attainable)不能达到的；不能实现的Some people believed that equality was an unrealizable dream.unrealized, also UK: unrealised adj (not achieved, unattained)没有实现的；没有达到的The goal of finding a cure for the disease remains unrealized.unrecognizable, UK: unrecognisable adj (unable to be identified)认不出来了的；无法辨认或识别的The city centre was unrecognizable after it was modernized.unrecognized, also UK: unrecognised adj (person: not identified) (指人)认不出的The famous actor put on dark glasses and walked down the street unrecognized.unrecognized, also UK: unrecognised adj (not acknowledged, unrewarded)未被承认的；未得到认可的The artist's genius was unrecognized and he died in poverty.unrivaled (US), unrivalled (UK) adj (best, having no equal)无与伦比的；无可匹敌的The school's facilities are unrivalled in this city.unsalable, UK: unsaleable adj (not fit to be sold)销路不好的；卖不出去的unsavory (US), unsavoury (UK) adj (distasteful) (美式拼法)难吃的，味道不好的Richard's unsavory comment upset Lillian.unsavory (US), unsavoury (UK) adj (not tasting good)味道不佳的George sent back the unsavory meal and asked for a refund.unskilled labor (US), unskilled labour (UK) n (work requiring no training)粗活；不需要专门技能的工作unskilled labor (US), unskilled labour (UK) n (workforce doing untrained jobs)非熟练工；粗活工人unskillful, UK: unskilful adj (clumsy, inept)笨拙的；不灵巧的；不熟练的unspoiled, also UK: unspoilt adj (pristine, not damaged)未被破坏的；未损坏的；纯净的Tourists come to the region to enjoy the unspoiled countryside.游客前来这一地区享受纯净的郊外风光。unspoiled, also UK: unspoilt adj (food: still fresh) (食物)新鲜的, 未变质的The supermarket will now be donating its unspoiled food to local charities.unspoiled, also UK: unspoilt adj (person, child: uncorrupted)未毁坏的；自然美的Miranda was a charming girl, unspoiled by the world's sordid ways.untrammeled (US), untrammelled (UK) adj (not hindered) (美式拼法)不受阻碍的，没有束缚的，无拘无束的，自由自在的untraveled (US), untravelled (UK) adj (inexperienced in travel) (美式拼法)未出过远门的，未（出远门）旅行过的，没有旅行经验的up your alley, right up your alley (US), up your street, right up your street (UK) expr slang (the sort of thing you like)正适合你That new film looks as though it'll be up your alley. You're going to love this new club: it's right up your alley!updraft (US), updraught (UK) n (upward air current)上升气流；向上的气流The birds were riding an updraught.upper story, plural: upper stories (US), upper storey, plural: upper storeys (UK) n (building: higher floor) (建筑物)上层，较高层urban center (US), urban centre (UK) n (town or city area)城市中心urbanization, also UK: urbanisation n (growth of cities)城市化；城市化进程Urbanization has resulted in increased air pollution in major cities.urbanize [sth], also UK: urbanise [sth] vtr (build up, develop: an area)使城市化；使都市化urbanize, also UK: urbanise vi (area: undergo development)城市化；都市化urbanized, also UK: urbanised adj (area: built up, developed)城市化的，都市化的uremia (US), uraemia (UK) n (urea in the blood)尿毒症uremic (US), uraemic (UK) adj (relating to uremia)尿毒症的utilizable, UK: utilisable adj (that can be used, useful)可利用的utilization, also UK: utilisation n formal (use)用；使用Land utilization is strictly controlled by tribal councils.utilization, also UK: utilisation n formal (use of [sth] for profit)利用Utilization of timber on a commercial scale began in the late eighteenth century.utilize [sth], also UK: utilise [sth] vtr formal (put [sth] to practical use)将…投入实用；应用Two methods were utilized to estimate the population.utilize [sth], also UK: utilise [sth] vtr formal (make, find use for [sth])利用；使用The school utilized the old stables and converted them into three classrooms.utilized, also UK: utilised adj (used)可用的；可利用的Please ensure you reference all utilised sources correctly.vacation pay (US), holiday pay (UK) n (salary paid during holidays)假日工资，节日薪酬vacation spot (US), holiday spot (UK) n (place popular with holidaymakers)度假胜地vacuum [sth], also UK: Hoover, hoover vtr (clean by vacuuming)用吸尘器打扫Julia vacuumed the carpet. I vacuum the living room every day.茱莉亚用吸尘器打扫地毯。我每天都用吸尘器打扫客厅。valence, also UK: valency n (chemistry: capacity) (一种化学性质)化合价，原子价valence, also UK: valency n (substance: ability to interact) (物质的相互作用力)效价valor (US), valour (UK) n (courage, heroism)英勇, 勇猛People admired Leonidas because of his valour in battle.valorization, also UK: valorisation n (fixing of price, value)限价，稳定价格valorization, also UK: valorisation n (validation)认可，肯定valorize [sth], also UK: valorise [sth] vtr (ascribe value to [sth])给…定价；给…估价valorize [sth], also UK: valorise [sth] vtr (fix the price of [sth])限定…的价格value judgment, also UK: value judgement n (subjective evaluation)价值判断She's always making value judgements on things she knows nothing about.vandalize [sth], also UK: vandalise [sth] vtr (public property: damage) (对公共财物)肆意破坏，任意损坏The police have arrested two youths who vandalized a statue.vapor (US), vapour (UK) n (gas, steam)水汽, 水蒸气Vapour was coming out of the air vent.vaporization, also UK: vaporisation n (conversion to gas)蒸发；汽化；挥发vaporize [sth], also UK: vaporise [sth] vtr (turn [sth] into vapour)使蒸发；使汽化；使挥发vaporize, also UK: vaporise vi (become vapour)蒸发；汽化；挥发vaporizer, UK: vaporiser n (inhaler, atomizer)喷雾器；蒸馏器；汽化器You can use a vaporizer for a wide variety of respiratory problems.vapory (US), vapoury (UK) adj (resembling a vapor) (美式拼法)雾状的，似雾的，似蒸汽的varicolored (US), varicoloured (UK) adj (variegated, multi-coloured) (美式拼法)杂色的，多色的，五颜六色的，斑驳的verbalization, also UK: verbalisation n (putting [sth] into words)用言语表达verbalize [sth], also UK: verbalise [sth] vtr (articulate, express [sth] in words)用语言表达；描述；表述veterinarian, also UK: veterinary surgeon n formal (vet, animal doctor)兽医She became a veterinarian to take care of her family's horses.victimization, also UK: victimisation n (harassment, targeting [sb])迫害There is an urgent need to raise awareness about victimization of people with severe mental illness.victimize [sb], also UK: victimise [sb] vtr (persecute, target as victim)使受害；迫害Identity theft victimizes people of all ages and income levels.video store, UK: video shop n dated, US (shop selling videocassettes) (旧时用语)音像销售店，盒式录像带销售店video store, UK: video shop n dated, US (place for renting videocassettes) (旧时用语)音像租赁店，盒式录像带租赁店I'm going to the video store to get a movie for tonight.vigor (US), vigour (UK) n (energy)精力, 活力John may be nearly 80 years old, but he's still full of vigour.viremia (US), viraemia (UK) n (virus in the blood)病毒血症virtue signaling (US), virtue signalling (UK) n pejorative (stating opinions to appear moral)释放美德信号备注: 以某种言论显示自己站在道义一方visitor center, tourist information center (US), visitors' centre, tourist information centre (UK) n (tourist information office)游客信息中心visualization, also UK: visualisation n (act of picturing [sth] in the mind) (脑中对事物的想象)形象化Many athletes find visualization to be helpful before competitions.visualization, also UK: visualisation n ([sth] pictured in the mind) (脑海中想象出来的)形象We are using a 3D visualization on the computer to learn about the anatomy of the human heart.visualize [sth], also UK: visualise [sth] vtr (picture in the mind)在脑中设想A sketch will help you to visualize your garden design.visualizer, UK: visualiser n ([sb] good at forming mental images)视觉型的人；擅于对抽象的东西作形象化想像的人vitalization, also UK: vitalisation n (invigoration, enlivening)激发活力；注入生命力vitalize [sth], also UK: vitalise [sth] vtr (enliven, invigorate [sth])使…活跃；给…以活力；使充满生机vocalization, also UK: vocalisation n (voicing, uttering of [sth])发声vocalize [sth], also UK: vocalise [sth] vtr (voice, say [sth] aloud)大声说出；大声发出…声音voided check (US), voided cheque (UK) n (cancelled cheque)作废支票volatilize [sth], also UK: volatilise [sth] vtr (chemistry: make volatile) (化学)使…挥发also UK: volatilise vi (chemistry: become volatile)挥发vulcanization, also UK: vulcanisation n (heat-treating process for rubber) (橡胶)硫化，硬化vulcanize [sth], also UK: vulcanise vtr (rubber: subject to heat treatment) (在橡胶中掺入硫磺加热使其硬而结实)使硫化，使硬化vulcanized rubber, also UK: vulcanised rubber n (strengthened rubber for tyres, etc.)硫化橡胶；硬化橡胶Automobile tires are made of a strong vulcanized rubber.vulgarization, also UK: vulgarisation n (process of popularization)俗化；通俗化；通俗化vulgarization, also UK: vulgarisation n (process of debasing)庸俗化, 低俗化vulgarize [sth], also UK: vulgarise [sth] vtr (popularize [sth])使…通俗化；使…大众化；使…普及化vulgarize [sth], also UK: vulgarise [sth] vtr (debase, make [sth] vulgar)使…庸俗化；使…粗俗化；俗化…vulgarizer, UK: vulgariser n (person: makes [sth] popular) (美式拼法)使（某事、某物）通俗化的人vulgarizer, UK: vulgariser n (person: debases [sth])使（某事、某物）庸俗化的人wading pool (US), paddling pool (UK) n (shallow water pool for children)儿童浅水池The children took off their shoes and walked around in the shallow wading pool.wage labor (US), wage labour (UK) n (paid work done for an employer)雇佣劳务，有偿劳动wagon, also UK: waggon n (horse-drawn vehicle)四轮运货马车；四轮载人马车；大篷车They loaded all their possessions onto a wagon and left.他们将所有财产装上马车，然后离开。wagon, also UK: waggon n (child's toy vehicle)玩具拖车The children took turns pulling each other in a wagon.孩子们轮流坐在玩具拖车里互相拉着玩。wagon, station wagon, also UK: waggon, station waggon n US, informal (station wagon)旅行车；客货两用小汽车；小型客车We don't need a wagon now that the children are grown.现在孩子们都长大成人了，我们也就不需要旅行车了。wagon, also UK: waggon n UK (freight carriage)铁路货车The wagons were stopped on the tracks, blocking traffic.货运列车停在铁轨上，堵塞了交通。wander around, UK: wander about vi + adv (stroll aimlessly)徘徊；游荡I had some free time, so I decided to wander around the city.warm color (US), warm colour (UK) n (bold color such as red)暖色；暖色调Colin is going to paint the room in warm colours.wash bag, also UK: sponge bag n (bag for toiletries)洗漱包wasp nest (US), wasp's nest, wasps' nest (UK) n (structure built by wasps)蜂窝；黄蜂窝Take this spray into the steeple and take care of that wasp nest.wasteland, also UK: waste ground n (barren terrain)荒原；荒野；荒地The local council is planning to transform a piece of wasteland into a children's play area.water vapor (US), water vapour (UK) n (steam)水蒸气Water vapor is produced by boiling liquid water or sublimating ice.water-bus, also UK: waterbus, water bus n (small passenger boat on canal or river)水上巴士，公共交通艇watercolor (US), watercolour (UK) n often plural (water-based paints)水彩颜料The artist used watercolours in his paintings of the English countryside.watercolors (US), watercolours (UK) n uncountable (paint: water-based medium)水彩This sketch was done in pen and watercolor.；watercolor (US), watercolour (UK) n (painting done in watercolours)水彩画The watercolours show scenes from a wide variety of places.watercolor (US), watercolour (UK) n as adj (painted in watercolours)水彩的；水彩画的I prefer your quick watercolor sketches to your finished oil paintings.weaponize [sth], also UK: weaponise [sth] vtr (adapt [sth] as a weapon)将…用作武器；将…改作武器wear the pants (US), wear the trousers (UK) v expr figurative (have control of [sth])当家，掌权weasely (US), weaselly (UK) adj figurative, pejorative (sneaky, evasive)鬼鬼祟祟的；躲躲闪闪的wedding favor (US), wedding favour (UK) n (gift for guests at a marriage)结婚回礼welfare program (US), welfare scheme (UK) n (government benefits scheme)福利计划Social Security is a US government welfare program for the elderly.well-organized, well organized, also UK: well-organised, well organised adj (event, etc.: coordinated efficiently)组织有序的；协调有序的备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the noun.well-organized, well organized, also UK: well-organised, well organised adj (objects: tidy, in order)整洁的，整齐的，井然有序的备注: The hyphen may be omitted when the adjective follows the noun.well-traveled, well traveled (US), well-travelled, well travelled (UK) adj (person: who has traveled widely)游历甚广的，行万里路的备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the noun.well-traveled, well traveled (US), well-travelled, well travelled (UK) adj (road: used by many) (道路)交通繁忙的备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the noun.wellhead, also UK: well head n (source of a well)井头；井口；源泉wellhead, also UK: well head n figurative (fountainhead, primary source)源头, 本源, 来源wellhead, also UK: well head n (top of oil or gas well) (油井、气井)井口Western civilization, also UK: Western civilisation n (European culture, thought)西方文明westernization, also UK: westernisation n (increasing influence of the West)西化；西方化；欧美化westernize [sth/sb], also UK: westernise [sth/sb] vtr (impose Western culture)欧化；西化The band embrace Japanese culture in their sound rather than trying to westernize it.这个乐队在自己的音乐中拥抱了日本文化，而不试图去西化它。whiskey (US), whisky (UK) n (liquor made of a grain) (爱尔兰酒)威士忌酒Dave went to the bar and ordered a whiskey.coffee with milk (US), white coffee (UK) n (coffee with milk added)加牛奶的咖啡I don't like tea; I prefer white coffee with sugar.white-collar crime, US: white-collar offense, UK: white-collar offence n (law: nonviolent crime) (利用职务便利的非暴力犯罪)白领犯罪whole (US), semibreve (UK) adj (musical time)全音符的whole wheat, whole grain, whole meal, also UK: wholewheat, wholemeal, wholegrain n (whole grain)全麦All our bread is made using whole wheat.所有我们的面包都用全麦制作。whole-wheat, whole-grain, whole-meal (US), wholewheat, wholemeal, wholegrain (UK) n as adj (containing wheat kernel)用全麦做的；全麦的Wholewheat bread has a lot more flavour than white bread.全麦面包比白面包味道更好。widemouthed (US), wide-mouthed (UK) adj (gaping)张开的；裂开的；张大嘴的widemouthed (US), wide-mouthed (UK) adj (having a wide mouth) (壶等)嘴大的，口大的，宽口的willful (US), wilful (UK) adj (person: stubborn)固执的Adam was a wilful child who did not like obeying authority.willful (US), wilful (UK) adj (action: deliberate)任性的Edward committed a wilful act of disobedience.willfully (US), wilfully (UK) adv (stubbornly)执拗地；固执地Henry willfully refused to see a doctor even though it was obvious that he was ill.willfully (US), wilfully (UK) adv (deliberately)故意地The boss of the company willfully neglected the health and safety of his workers.willfulness (US), wilfulness (UK) n (person: unruliness) (人)任性willfulness (US), wilfulness (UK) n (action: deliberateness) (行为)故意windshield (US), windscreen (UK) n (vehicle's front window)挡风玻璃Ben had a crack in his windshield, so he had to get it replaced.windshield washer (US), windscreen washer (UK) n (device: cleans car windshield)挡风玻璃清洗器I need to put some more screen wash in the windscreen washer.windshield wiper (US), windscreen wiper (UK) n usually plural (device: wipes car windshield)挡风玻璃刮水器；雨刷It started to rain, so I turned on my windscreen wipers.winter vacation (US), winter holiday (UK) n (holiday taken in winter)寒假；冬季休假备注: British English also uses "winter holidays" in the plural.with flying colors (US), with flying colours (UK) expr figurative (pass: brilliantly, extremely well)出色地；成功地Much to their relief, most of the class passed the exam with flying colors.witness stand (US), witness box (UK) n (in a law court)证人席The defendant lied when he was put on the witness stand.womanize, also UK: womanise vi (man: try to seduce many women)追求女色；与女人鬼混；与女人鬼混womanizer, also UK: womaniser n (man who pursues many women) (同时追求多个女子的男人)花心的男人，花花公子，沉湎于女色的男人She knew he was a womanizer when she married him.woolen (US), woollen (UK) adj (made of wool)羊毛制的；羊毛的；羊毛织的Simone is wearing a woollen pullover.woolens (US), woollens (UK) npl (items made of wool)羊毛制品；羊毛织物What is the best way to wash woollens without shrinking them?wooly (US), woolly (UK) adj (animal: covered with fleece)毛茸茸的；长满长毛的Wooly mammoths have been extinct for thousands of years.wooly (US), woolly (UK) adj (made of wool)羊毛的；羊毛制品的It got warm so we put away all of our wooly things.wooly (US), woolly (UK) adj (fabric: like wool) (织物)羊毛一样的，羊毛似的It feels quite wooly but it's actually synthetic.wooly (US), woolly (UK) adj (thing: looks, feels like wool) (物品)似羊毛的This wooly fabric keeps you really warm.这仿羊毛的面料能为你保暖。wooly (US), woolly (UK) adj figurative, pejorative (idea, thinking: unclear, confused) (思想等)模糊不清的，困惑不解的This problem can't be solved with that kind of wooly thinking.work surface, also UK: worktop n (kitchen: surface for food preparation) (厨房)操作台；工作台The work surface in the kitchen is easy to clean.workaround, also UK: work around n (method: bypasses [sth]) (绕开问题的)替代办法，变通办法The software engineer developed a workaround to deal with the problem temporarily.working vacation (US), working holiday (UK) n (work while on vacation)带工休假；工作假期worldline (US), world-line, world line (UK) n (physics: particle path) (物理学)世界线备注: 粒子在四维时空中的运动轨迹worldwide, also UK: world-wide adj (spanning the world)全世界的，全球的The worldwide shortage of rare metals is a threat to manufacturing.世界范围内的稀有金属短缺对制造业来说是个威胁。worldwide, also UK: world-wide adv (all over the world)遍及全世界；遍及全球Gus has travelled worldwide and has friends everywhere.格斯周游了世界，好友遍及五湖四海。worshiper (US), worshipper (UK) n (churchgoer, [sb] praising a god) (美式拼法)做礼拜的人，参加礼拜者，参拜者wrongheaded (US), wrong-headed (UK) adj (person: misguided) (人)判断错误的，坚持错误想法的wrongheaded (US), wrong-headed (UK) adj (policy, idea: ill conceived) (政策、意见、想法等)错误的，不对的yearlong (US), year-long (UK) adj (lasting all year)整整一年的；持续一年的；全年的The patient died after a yearlong struggle to overcome cancer.yellow ocher (US), yellow ochre (UK) n (yellow-brown earth pigment)黄赭色颜料yellow ocher (US), yellow ochre (UK) adj (yellowish-brown in color)黄赭色yogurt, also UK: yoghurt n (dairy product) (中国大陆)酸奶； (香港)乳酪； (台湾)优酪乳，优格，发酵乳； (新加坡)酸乳酪Do you want yogurt with your breakfast?你早餐想喝酸奶么？Your Honor (US), Your Honour (UK) n (law: title to address judge) (称呼语)法官大人We find him guilty, Your Honour.youth center (US), youth centre (UK), youth club n (recreation place for young people)青年俱乐部；青年活动中心youth theater (US), youth theatre (UK) n (drama staged by young people)青年剧院zee (US), zed (UK) n (Z: 26th letter of the alphabet) (字母表最后一个字母)Zzero, 0, also UK: nought n (cardinal number: 0) (基数)零Five times zero is zero.五乘以零等于零。zero, 0, also UK: nought n (symbol for 0)数字零The teacher wrote a zero on the board.zero, 0, also UK: O, oh n (in phone number: 0) (电话号码)零My number is five nine zero three eight two.zip (UK), zipper (US) n (type of fastening)拉链Trevor did up the zipper on his jacket.特雷弗拉上夹克衫的拉链。zip [sth] (UK), zipper [sth] (US) vtr (fasten with a zipper)给…拉上拉链；拉上…的拉链Grace zippered her bag shut.格蕾丝拉上了提包拉链。zucchini (US), courgette (UK) n (green vegetable)绿皮西葫芦（一种美洲南瓜）Zucchini is a versatile summer vegetable.绿皮西葫芦是一种用途多样的夏季蔬菜。 |
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Fahrenheit英汉词典共收录926129条英汉词条，基本涵盖了全部常用汉语及英语词汇的翻译、用法及例句，是中英文学习的有利工具。