| 词汇 | sth |
| 释义 | sth 主要翻译 [sth] pron abbreviation (something)某事 动词短语 abide by [sth] vtr phrasal insep (obey)遵循；遵守Cathy decided to abide by the rules.凯茜决定要遵守规章制度。；account for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (explain)作出解释；作出说明How do you account for the fact that no one can confirm your alibi for that night?你能解释一下为什么没有人能确认你那天晚上的不在场证明。 account for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (justify)为…作出解释，为…作出说明We were asked to account for our actions.要求我们为自己的行为作出解释。account for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (cause)导致，引起She wondered what could account for his sadness.她想知道是什么让他如此悲伤。account for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be total of) (在数量方面)占，共计达到Women in Britain now account for almost half of the workforce.如今，英国的女性几乎占到了其劳动力的半数。act on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (respond)根据…行事；作用于；影响Olga acted on the email she received.奥尔加根据她收到的邮件行事。act on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (have effect)对…起效；对…产生效果；对…起作用The engraving was the result of the acid acting on the metal.该雕刻是酸对金属起作用的结果。act [sth] out, act out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (enact, perform)表演；演出来Edward and Diana acted out the first scene of the play. On the training course, employees were asked to work in pairs and act out common workplace scenarios.爱德华和戴安娜表演了这出戏剧的第一幕。训练课程上，员工们两两一组，用动作将不同的工作场景表演出来。act upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep (do [sth] in response)根据（某人的命令、要求等）行事Harry acted upon Alice's request.act upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep (have an effect on)对…有效；对…有作用The drug acts upon the nervous system.acted upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep (responded to, followed)响应…的；按…行事的The suggestions were made, but they were never acted upon.add [sth] in, add in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (include)加上；加Hot chocolate tastes especially good if you add in a little salt.add [sth] on, add on [sth] vtr phrasal sep (charge [sth] in addition)加收；将…加收进去备注: A hyphen is used when the term is or modifies a nounRestaurants add on sales tax after the bill is calculated.餐馆在结算账单后还加收了销售税。add on [sth], add [sth] on vtr phrasal sep (append [sth]) (邮件附件)附加Before sending the email, Irene added on a document.add up to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (total)加起来总和是The opposite sides of a die add up to seven.骰子对边加起来为七。add [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (calculate total)把…加起来When you add up the numbers in this column, you should get 500.把这列数字加起来，总和应为500。add up to [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (indicate, lead to)意味着；等同于The evidence adds up to a clear attempt to steal the goods.证据显示确实有人企图偷窃货物。advance upon [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (invade, move in to attack)入侵The swarm of killer bees advanced upon the unsuspecting cow that was grazing in the pasture.advert to [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep formal (make reference to)提到；论及advert to [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep formal (turn your attention to)注意到The committee adverted to the second item on their agenda.委员会注意到了他们议程上的第二项。；agree to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (consent)同意；对…表示同意The patient has agreed to the procedure.air [sth] out, air out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (expose to air)使暴露于空气中When spring comes, we air out all the heavy winter blankets.allude to [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (make reference to)提及；提到He alluded to his predecessor's scandals without mentioning them directly.amp [sth] up, amp up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (increase the power of)提升；放大；增强angle for [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (try to obtain indirectly) (用手段)谋求，谋取Angling for a raise, Darren worked overtime for several weeks in a row.为了谋求加薪，达伦连续加了几周班。；answer for [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (face consequences)对…负责；担保；保证He's committed a crime and he'll be forced to answer for it.answer for [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative, informal, US (be adequate)适合..., 符合...The back porch will have to answer for a bedroom.ante [sth] up vtr phrasal sep US (poker: contribute to betting pot)下注I had to ante up $100 just to stay in the game.；auction [sth] off, auction off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (sell at an auction)拍卖掉；竞拍掉To settle the bankrupts' debt, they are going to auction off all of his belongings.avail of [sth] vtr phrasal insep Ire (make use of)使用；利用average out at [sth] vi phrasal + prep (have an average of)平均数为...The overall average monthly salary in Finland averaged out at €2 947.average [sth] out, average out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (calculate average)算出…的平均数We averaged out the scores from the two tests.awaken to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (experience on waking)在…中醒来I was awakened to the rude sounds of someone pounding on my door.awaken to [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (become enlightened about)觉察到；醒悟到；认识到The young maiden was slowly awakened to feelings of her sexuality.back out of [sth] vi phrasal + prep (promise: break) (承诺)违背；退出；退出The couple buying our house backed out of the purchase at the last minute.这对夫妇在最后时刻放弃了购买我们的房子。back out of doing [sth] vi phrasal + prep (withdraw from)退出；停止Sue backed out of helping us paint the house.苏不再帮助我们粉刷房子。back over [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (vehicle: run over in reverse)倒车撞倒Oh no! I think I just backed over my son's bike.back [sth] up, back up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (computing: make copies)备份备注: The single-word form is used when the term is or modifies a noun.It is advisable to back up all the files on your computer regularly, in case of breakdown.建议定期备份电脑上的所有文件，以防发生故障。back [sth] up, back up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (confirm: fact, argument)支持The accused man insisted that his wife would back up his story and give him an alibi.被告坚称他的妻子会证实他所述的事件经过，为他提供不在场证明。back [sth] up, back up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (vehicle: reverse) (车辆: 倒退行驶)倒It's difficult to back up a truck when a trailer is attached.带拖车的卡车很难倒车。bail [sth] out, bail out [sth], also UK: bale [sth] out, bale out [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (help with money) (某机构)出资帮助…摆脱困境The government bailed out many large banks during the recession.在经济衰退期间，政府出钱援助了许多大银行。bail [sth] out, bail out [sth], also UK: bale [sth] out, bale out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (boat: empty water)把...舀出去The canoe is so full of water, it's about to sink; time to bail it out!独木舟里全是水，马上要沉了，该把水都舀出去。bail out of [sth], UK: bale out of [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal, figurative (end involvement)从…中摆脱Eric bailed out of the project when the firm didn't pay him.ball [sth] up, ball up [sth] (US), balls [sth] up, balls up [sth] (UK) vtr phrasal sep slang (do [sth] badly) (俚语)把…搞得一团糟备注: In the UK, 'balls up' may be offensive to some.I've really balled up my computer this time; I'll have to call tech support.ball [sth] up, ball up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (shape into a ball)成球；揉成团bandy [sth] about, bandy about [sth], bandy [sth] around, bandy around [sth] vtr phrasal sep (spread ideas about [sth/sb])四处散播bandy [sth] around vtr phrasal sep (word, term: use carelessly)将…丢来丢去；来回投掷bang on about [sth] vi phrasal + prep UK, informal (talk insistently about [sth])啰嗦…；唠叨…；喋喋不休地说…Tanya is always banging on about how awful her boss is.bang [sth] out, bang out [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (produce rapidly)快速制作出George banged out the letter as quickly as he could on the computer.乔治在电脑上以最快速度起草了一封信。bang [sth] up vtr phrasal sep US, slang (damage)撞坏I really banged up the car when I hit that moose.bargain for [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (expect to get)企图获得；指望When I married my wife, I hadn't bargained for the fact that her mother would also come to live with us.bargain on [sth], bargain on doing [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (expect)指望；预期I hadn't bargained on retiring at 59, but here I am, retired!barge in on [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (interrupt [sth]) (对事)打扰It was rude of you to barge in on their family reunion.barge in on [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal, figurative (conversation: interrupt)打断（谈话）What makes you think you can just barge in on someone else's conversation?barter [sth] away, barter away [sth] vtr phrasal sep (trade [sth] for [sth] else)用…易货The farmer bartered all of his goats away.bash [sth] in, bash in [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (break by hitting)砸坏；打坏As I couldn't find the key to the shed, I had to bash the door in.bask in [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (enjoy, take pleasure in) (温暖、爱等中)沐浴在；处在令人愉快的氛围中I bask in the warmth of my family's love.bat [sth] around, also UK: bat [sth] about vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (discuss casually)随便谈论；非正式地讨论batten [sth] down, batten down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (batten: close securely)将…封起来batter [sth] down, batter down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (hit until it collapses)击垮；击溃be on about [sth] vi phrasal + prep UK, slang (talk incessantly)不停地说What on earth are you on about?beam [sb/sth] up, beam up [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (science fiction: transport) (科幻)传送…bear [sth] away vtr phrasal insep (carry off after winning)获得；赢得The winning team bore away the trophy.获胜队伍赢得了奖杯。bear down on [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep (push, press on)用力压在…上；加压力于Bear down on the pen to make clear carbon copies.bear down on [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep UK (rush towards)冲向，撞向The truck came bearing down on the brothers as they were crossing the street.bear on [sth], bear upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep formal (be relevant to)与…有关bear [sth] out, bear out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (confirm: a fact)支持；证实；证明These figures bear out the fact that more children are becoming obese nowadays.这些数字证实了现在越来越多的孩子变肥胖的事实。beat [sth/sb] back, beat back [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep (push, repel)击退We were able to beat back the flames before they reached the house.beat [sth] down vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (price: negotiate lower) (价格)把…压低We beat the price down to $45.我们把价格压到45美元。beat [sth] down, beat down [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (suppress)抑制；克制Deborah beat down her fear of flying and got on the plane to visit her daughter in Australia.黛博拉抑制住了自己对于飞行的恐惧，登上飞机，去往澳大利亚看望女儿。beat out [sth], beat [sth] out vtr phrasal insep (strike: a rhythm)敲奏；为...打拍子Rufus began beating out a rhythm on the drums.鲁弗斯开始用鼓打出节奏。beaver away at [sth] vi phrasal UK, informal (work diligently)努力工作become of [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (happen to [sb], [sth])境遇（如何）；出了（何事）Whatever became of Joe Hill? Do you know where he is now?bed [sth] out, bed out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (horticulture: plant) (园艺)移栽beef [sth] up, beef up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (make stronger, augment)增强；加强The Indian spices beef up this vegetarian dish.那种印度香料增强了这道素食菜品的风味。beg off on [sth] vi phrasal (excuse yourself)请求解除beg off [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (excuse yourself)请求免除；believe in [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (think real)对…信以为真；相信…的存在Even though she's ten, she still believes in fairies.即使她十岁了，她还是相信精灵的存在。believe in [sth] vtr phrasal insep (support)信奉；信仰As a vegan, Oliver believes in animal welfare.作为一名素食主义者，奥利弗信奉动物福利。belong to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be a member: of [sth])归…所有；属于She belongs to the chess club她是象棋俱乐部的成员。belong to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (to be part of [sth])是...的一部分；属于...That cup belongs to my mother's tea set.belt [sth] out vtr phrasal sep informal (sing loudly)大声高歌；大声奏乐I like to belt out pop songs when I drive.bend [sth] back vtr phrasal sep (curve [sth] backward)把…向后弯bid [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (bidding higher on [sth])为...竞出高价；为...抬价；哄抬…的价格Simon bid his own lot up to make as much as possible on it.big [sth] up vtr phrasal sep slang (exaggerate greatness)夸大…bind [sth] off, bind off [sth] vtr phrasal sep US (knitting: cast off to finish) (编织)给…收针bind [sth] up, bind up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (bandage securely)包扎You should bind up that wound to stop the bleeding.bind [sth] up, bind up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (wrap with string, etc.)捆绑好Bind up the package with string.bite back [sth], bite [sth] back vtr phrasal sep figurative (suppress response)收回，忍住不说He bit back a groan.他忍住了，没有呻吟。bite into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (reduce in value) (比喻)吃掉（利润等）；损及Falling oil prices are biting into the profits of energy companies.bite [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (sever with teeth)咬掉；咬下来During the fight, one of the boys bit off a piece of the other boy's ear.black [sth] out, black out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (obscure light source)遮蔽；掩盖备注: The single-word form is used when the term is or modifies a nounDuring times of war, many civilians have to black out their windows so the enemy won't know where to bomb.在战时，许多平民将窗户涂墨，让敌人不知道该往哪里轰炸。black [sth] out, black out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (city, house: turn off lights) (城市，房子)熄灭灯光，熄灭灯火The entire city had to be blacked out when the air raid siren sounded.空袭警报响起时，整座城市都熄灭了灯光。black [sth] out, black out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (obscure to prevent reading)用墨涂去；涂黑During wartime, censors often blacked out huge sections of soldiers' letters to their families.战争期间，审查官员经常将士兵发给家人信件的大部分内容用墨涂去。blank [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (cover up)删除；掩盖I blanked out the student's name on the test before I made copies for the class.blank [sth] out vtr phrasal sep informal (forget)忘记；忘光blast [sth] away vtr phrasal sep (remove forcefully)炸开，炸掉They will blast away the rocks with dynamite.blaze [sth] abroad vtr phrasal sep (make known, broadcast)传播bleach [sth] out, bleach out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (remove color from)把…漂白，使…褪色bleep [sth] out, bleep out [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (replace [sth] offensive, personal)将...和谐；将...删除；将...屏蔽When the radio station played the song, they bleeped out the swear words.blend in with [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (fit, match)与…协调，与…匹配；与…融为一体Her new sofa blends in perfectly with the rest of her stylish apartment decor.她的新沙发与她时尚的公寓装潢完美融为一体。block [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (art: fill in masses)大概地画出；画出…的草图First I do a rough sketch on the canvas, then I block in the major colors.block [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (make inaccessible, blockade)封闭；封锁They blocked off the main road so that the President's motorcade could drive through securely.block [sth] out, block out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (artist: draw rough shapes)画草图；粗画出轮廓The artist begins the drawing by blocking out a rough sketch.画家先画出一幅草图，然后才开始作画。block [sth] out, block out [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (outline or plan roughly)概述；粗略地计划The writer starts by blocking out her story.作者从构思故事开始。block [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (obstruct)阻塞；挡住；阻挡He had blocked up the exit so we couldn't leave.他堵住了出口，所以我们无法离开。blot [sth] out, blot out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (shut out, exclude, block)屏蔽，遮挡Suddenly there was a gust of wind and a dark cloud blotted out the sun.突然，一阵狂风吹来，乌云遮住了太阳。blot [sth] out, blot out [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (forget)抹去…的记忆，完全忘记She tried to blot out the memory of his murder.她试图忘却他被谋杀的事情。blow [sth] apart, blow apart [sth] vtr phrasal sep (destroy)摧毁The blast from the bomb blew the building apart.blow [sb/sth] off vtr phrasal sep slang (reject or ignore) (俚语)赶走；拒绝；无视I smiled at Rita and said hi, but she blew me off; maybe she didn't recognise me.我朝丽塔微笑并打了招呼，但她却将我赶走，可能她没有认出我。blow [sth] off, blow off [sth] vtr phrasal sep slang (cancel: plan, obligation)取消Since I was feeling better, I blew off my appointment with the doctor.因为感觉好多了，所以我取消了与医生的预约。blow [sth] out, blow out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (extinguish)将…熄灭；吹灭She blew out the candles on her birthday cake.她吹灭了生日蛋糕上的蜡烛。；blow [sth] up, blow up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (detonate)引爆；炸掉，爆破They blew up the enemy's ammunition dump.他们爆破了敌方的军火库。blow [sth] up, blow up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (inflate)给...充气Karen blew up the airbed for her guests.凯伦为她客人的充气床充了气。blow [sth] up, blow up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (photograph: enlarge) (照片)放大Small photos may have to be blown up if they are not identifiable.如果无法识别的话，小照片可能需要被放大。blurt [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (say on impulse)脱口说出；冲口而出To his mother's horror, he blurted out all the details of her illness.他忽然冲口说出了自己母亲病情的所有细节，让母亲非常惊恐。board [sth] up, board up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (cover temporarily with panels)用木板封住…They boarded up the windows before the hurricane arrived.bog [sth] down, bog down [sth] vtr phrasal sep usually passive, informal (vehicle: mire)使…止步不前，使…陷入泥潭The jeep got bogged down in a huge mud puddle.boil [sth] down, boil down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (liquid: reduce) (液体)把 ... 煮稠，把…煮浓The cook boiled the drippings down to a rich gravy.厨师将汁水煮到浓稠。boil down to [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative, informal (be essentially)归结为；归根结底到What it all boils down to is a failure to plan.这一切都归结于计划的失败。boil [sth] down, boil down [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (information, argument: reduce) (信息，论点)缩短，压缩If you boil down Machiavelli's philosophy, he is saying that the end justifies the means.如果归纳一下马基雅维利的哲学，他所表达的是目的决定手段。boil [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (cook)煮This weekend, we'll boil up a big pot of crawfish.bolt [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (fasten, secure [sth])用螺栓拧紧Bolt down that metal plate so that it doesn't vibrate.bolt [sth] down vtr phrasal sep slang, figurative (eat [sth] quickly)狼吞虎咽Jerry was late for class, so he bolted down his breakfast.bomb out [sth], bomb [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (destroy [sth] by bombing) (某物)炸毁…bone up on [sth] vi phrasal + prep slang (revise knowledge of)复习；温习If you're going to be that picky, I'd better bone up on basic grammar.bone up on [sth] vi phrasal + prep slang (learn about) (考试前)突击背诵，突击学习，为…临阵磨枪The students boned up on psychology terms before the exam.book [sb] in, book [sb] in for [sth] vtr phrasal sep (make appointment)为…预约；为…预约…I've booked you in at midday for a cut and blow dry.book into [sth] vtr phrasal sep (check into: hotel, etc.)登记入住book [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (reserve fully)已订满There was no room at the hotel; they were completely booked up for the summer.boot [sth] up, boot up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (switch on: computer) (电脑)启动border on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be adjacent to)接壤；相邻；邻界Our house borders on conservation land that no one can build on.border on [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (be almost)近似；接近；差不多His bizarre behavior borders on the insane.bottle [sth] up, bottle up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (repress: feelings, energy)抑制，压制，克制；压抑It is not emotionally or physically healthy to bottle up one's emotions.压抑个人情感无论是之于心理上还是生理上，都是不健康的。box [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (pack)将…装箱brazen [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (face shamelessly)厚着脸皮把…撑过去，硬着头皮把…挺过去Rather than keep a low profile until the scandal died down, she brazened out several TV interviews.break into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (enter by force)强行闯入；破门而入Criminals broke into the house.break [sth] apart vtr phrasal sep (disassemble)拆开；分拆break [sth] apart vtr phrasal sep figurative (destroy)分裂；使...分崩离析This zoning issue will break apart the community.break away from [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep figurative (separate: from group) (团体)脱离，离开Several members broke away from the party to form their own extremist group.几名党员脱离了该党派成立了自己的极端主义组织。break away from [sth] vi phrasal + prep (detach, fall off)从…掉下来；从…分离When Sue went to take her cakes out of the oven, the handle broke away from the door.当苏将蛋糕从烤箱里取出时，把手从门上脱落下来。break [sth] down, break down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (door, wall: knock down) (将门、墙等)摧毁，捣毁，破坏The police broke down the door when they raided the house.当对房屋进行搜查时，警方破门而入。break [sth] down, break down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (substance: disintegrate)将…分解成化学成分Stomach acid breaks down food during digestion.消化时，胃酸会将食物分解成化学成分。break [sth] down, break down [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (analyze)对…进行分解分析We can break down the process into a number of separate stages.我们能够将整个过程分解为一系列独立的阶段。break [sth] in, break in [sth] vtr phrasal sep UK (horse: tame, train)驯（马等）Matt breaks in horses for the racetrack.马特为赛马场训练马匹。break [sth] in, break in [sth] vtr phrasal sep US (car, engine: run in, use when new) (新汽车、新引擎等)通过使用使其慢慢合用It's best to break the engine in slowly.最好慢慢发动引擎。break [sth] in, break in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (shoes, etc.: soften by wearing) (新鞋)穿一阵使其慢慢合脚It sometimes takes time to break new shoes in.有时新鞋需要时间来磨合。break into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (building: enter by force)破门而入；闯入Thieves broke into the house and stole several items of jewellery.窃贼破门而入，偷走了几件珠宝首饰。break into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (smile, song, run: start suddenly)忽然开始（大笑、哭等）I was surprised when the old lady suddenly broke into song.当那位老太太忽然开始高歌时，我吓了一跳。break into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (conversation: interrupt) (对话)打断Gary broke into our conversation to announce that dinner was ready.盖里打断了我们的谈话来通知我们晚饭准备好了。break into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (field of work)克服困难进入（某个领域）Joanna wants to break into digital marketing to advance her career.乔安娜想要克服困难进入数字营销领域，以此来提升自己的事业。break [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (snap, detach)掰下；折断Olga broke off a large piece from the chocolate bar.奥尔加从那板巧克力上掰下一大块儿。break [sth] off vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (terminate)断绝（往来）；绝（交）；终止，结束，中断Matt and Glenda have decided to break off their engagement.马特和格伦达决定解除婚约。break out of [sth] vi phrasal + prep (escape)逃离；从…逃出去The prisoner broke out of jail by digging a tunnel.囚犯挖了条地道，逃离了监狱。break [sth] out, break out [sth] vtr phrasal sep US (divide into categories)分为；分成break out in [sth] vtr phrasal insep (develop: a rash, spots)突然出现break [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (cause to separate)使破裂；使分手；使分手She blamed his mother's constant interference for breaking up their marriage.她指责他妈妈不断干涉来使他们的婚姻破裂。break [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (fight: intervene)制止（打架）；将（打架者）分开The head teacher stepped in and broke up the fight between the two boys.班主任介入并将打架的两个男孩子分开。break [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (crumble)粉碎；使…成碎片Break the biscuits up into small pieces and put them in a food processor.把饼干弄成小碎片，并将碎片放到食物调理机里面。break with [sth] vtr phrasal insep (stop complying with) (物)和…分离break with [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (group: withdraw from) (组织)与…脱离关系breathe [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (inhale)吸入；吸进A number of workers fell ill after breathing in poisonous gas.breathe [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (exhale)呼出Carlos lit a cigarette and breathed the smoke out through his nostrils.breeze through [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative, informal (do easily)轻松完成Don't worry about the exam - I'm sure you'll breeze through it.brew up [sth], brew [sth] up vtr phrasal insep (make: tea, beer)酿造brew up [sth], brew [sth] up vtr phrasal insep figurative (create)创造brick [sth] up, brick up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (close off with a wall)用砖围砌bridge [sth] over, bridge [sth] over vtr phrasal sep US, figurative (compensate for: deficit)足够应付This loan should be enough to bridge over the shortfall for a good three months.这笔贷款应足以补足三个月的短缺。bridge over [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (overcome differences)克服, 跨越I think our marriage is strong enough to bridge over this incident.brighten [sth] up, brighten up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (make cheerfully attractive)使...明亮起来；使...明快Some colourful curtains and cushion covers will brighten this room up.brighten [sth] up, brighten up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (make more cheerful)让...愉快起来；让...高兴起来That wonderful news has brightened up my week.bring [sth] about, bring about [sth] vtr phrasal sep (cause)引起；造成；导致He promised that he would bring about change.他承诺说，自己会有所作为，带来改变。bring [sth] about, bring about [sth] vtr phrasal sep (change direction of ship)改变航向bring [sth/sb] along, bring along [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep (carry or take: to a given place)将…带过来This is not a private dinner so please invite your friends and bring along a bottle of wine.这不是一场私人晚宴，所以请你邀请好友，并带一瓶葡萄酒过来。bring [sth] back vtr phrasal sep (return with [sth])带…回来；捎…回来Do you want me to bring back some snacks from the store?你想让我从商店捎点零食回来么？bring [sth] back vtr phrasal sep informal (reintroduce [sth])再次提出；重新提出；恢复The murderer's lenient sentence led to calls to bring back hanging.那名谋杀犯的从轻判处导致大家呼吁恢复绞刑。bring [sth] back vtr phrasal sep informal (make [sth] popular again)使…再流行；使…再受欢迎Designers in Paris have decided to bring back mini-skirts.巴黎的设计师们决定要使迷你裙再度流行。bring [sth] back, bring back [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (past, memories: revive)使回忆起；唤起对…的回忆Listening to that song brings back happier days.听着那首歌，唤起对那些快乐的老日子的回忆。bring [sth] back up vtr phrasal sep (topic: raise again)再次提出bring [sth] back up vtr phrasal sep informal (food: vomit)呕吐bring [sb] before [sb], bring [sth] before [sb] vtr phrasal sep (take to: court)把…带上法庭受审；提审The Senator was brought before the High Court on charges of racketeering.bring [sb/sth] down vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (cause demise)打倒；击败The scandal brought down the government.这件丑闻击垮了政府。bring [sth] forth, bring forth [sth] vtr phrasal sep (produce, create)生产；产出；推出bring [sth] forward vtr phrasal sep (reschedule for earlier)提前I hope the doctor's surgery can bring my appointment forward, as I'll be on holiday next week.我希望可以把我预约的医生手术提前，因为我下周开始放假。bring [sb/sth] in, bring in [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep (transport to a place)带来；推来The nurse brought in an ECG machine.护士拿来一台心电图仪器。bring [sth] in, bring in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (introduce, initiate)推行；发起In 2007, the British government brought in a ban on smoking in all enclosed public spaces.2007年，英国政府出台了一项禁令，禁止在所有封闭的公共场所吸烟。bring [sth] in, bring in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (make: money)赚钱, 获利My online greetings card shop brings in £300 a month.我线上贺卡商店每月能赚300英镑。bring [sth] off vtr phrasal sep informal (succeed in carrying [sth] out)办完, 完成We didn't think that he could bring it off, but the success of his business proved us wrong.bring [sth] on vtr phrasal sep (prompt, cause)引起；导致His allergies brought on the asthma attack.他的过敏引起了哮喘。bring [sb/sth] on vtr phrasal sep (performer, act: send on stage)通过介绍将（演员或节目）引上舞台It was time to bring on the next act.是时候介绍下一个节目了。bring [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (elicit)使…呈现出来；使显现A squirt of fresh lemon will bring out the flavor of that grilled salmon.淋上一点新鲜的柠檬汁能凸显烤三文鱼的味道。bring [sth] out vtr phrasal sep figurative (emphasize)使突出That eye shadow brings out the blue in your eyes.那个眼影能突出你眼睛中的蓝色。bring [sth] out vtr phrasal sep informal (publish, release)出版，发行；推出J.K.Rowling brought out her first novel at the age of 31.J·K·罗琳在31岁时发行了她的第一部小说。bring [sth] up, bring up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (raise: a subject)提出（某个话题）以讨论It is not a good idea to bring up politics with my family.最好不要和我的家人讨论政治话题。bring [sth] up, bring up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (vomit)呕吐The baby is ill and keeps bringing up her food.宝宝生病了，不停地呕吐。brisk [sth] up, brisk up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (make livelier or faster)使变轻快；使变活跃The company has lowered its shipping rates in order to brisk up trade.为让生意更加兴旺，公司降低了运费。bristle with [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (react with: irritation, offence)被…激怒；因…而怒发冲冠Victoria bristled with indignation at the suggestion that she had lied.维多利亚因为有人说她撒谎而怒发冲冠，一发不可收拾。bristle with [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep figurative (be full of)布满；充满The town square is bristling with tourists.市镇广场上人山人海，充满了游客。brown [sth] off, brown off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (cook until brown)把…烹饪至棕色；brush against [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (touch lightly in passing)轻触brush [sth] aside, brush aside [sth], brush [sth] away, brush away [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (dismiss, not consider)不理会；无视；对…不予考虑The Prime Minister brushed aside any suggestion that the government had failed to deal with the problem.brush [sth/sb] aside vtr phrasal sep (sweep to one side)扫开；把…拂开Andrea brushed aside her hair.brush [sth] back vtr phrasal sep (baseball)（为迫使击球员退开而）投出头侧球brush [sth] off, brush off [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (disregard: [sth])不理，漠视；不予理会；轻轻带过I was really upset; I had put a lot of work into that project, and my boss just brushed it off.我真的很沮丧。我在那个项目上花了很多精力，但老板却不屑一顾。brush past [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (skim in passing)与…擦肩而过brush up [sth], brush [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (refresh knowledge, skill)温习； (生疏的技能和知识等)重新拾起Gary wants to brush up his Spanish before going to Madrid.盖理想在去马德里之前温习一下西班牙语。brush up on [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (refresh knowledge of [sth]) (已生疏的知识、技能)温习，重新拾起Janice joined the course to brush up on her maths skills.珍妮丝参加这门课程是为了重新拾起她的数学知识。buckle to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (prepare to tackle: a task)准备处理；着手对付buckle [sth] down vtr phrasal sep informal (fasten: shoe, seatbelt)用搭扣扣紧Will you please buckle down the car seat so it doesn't move around?bugger [sth] up, bugger up [sth] vtr phrasal sep UK, slang, vulgar (bungle)把...搞糟build [sth] around [sth] vtr phrasal sep (base on)以…为基础建立build [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (incorporate)内置build on [sth], build upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (develop further)以…为基础The beginners' course will give you a good base which you can build on.该初学者课程能给你打下一个良好的基础，你能以此为基础继续学习。build [sth] up, build up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (business, etc.: develop)逐步扩大；逐步发展壮大Johnson gradually built up his business empire.约翰逊逐渐建立起他的商业帝国。build [sth] up, build up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (muscles, physique: develop) (体质，肌肉)增强Jason does weight training to build up his arm muscles.杰森做负重训练来强化手臂肌肉。build [sth] up, build up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (confidence: strengthen) (信心等)使逐渐增强The victory will help the team to build up its confidence.这场胜利将有助于球队建立信心。build up to [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (work gradually towards [sth])逐渐达到The race was building up to an exciting finish.比赛即将迎来令人激动的最终时刻。build upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (develop further)基于；在…基础上The new head coach said he would build upon the team's existing strengths.build [sth] upon [sth] vtr phrasal sep (base on)在...上建造；以...为基础建造They built the city upon firm foundations.bump against [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (collide with [sth/sb])撞上bump into [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (collide with)碰撞I have a huge bruise where I bumped into the corner of the table.I bumped into the car in front of me on the way to work.我撞到桌角的部位出现一块巨大的淤青。我在上班的路上撞上了我前面的车。bump [sth] up, bump up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (increase)增加；提高The hotels always bump up their prices during the holiday weekend.bump [sth] up, bump up [sth] vtr phrasal sep US, informal (move to a higher position)提高（名次等）This win bumped the team up into third place in the league.bundle [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (wrap together)捆扎The man bundled up my fish and chips in newspaper.那个人用报纸将我的炸鱼和薯条包了起来。；bung up [sth], bung [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (seal with a stopper)堵住，塞住bunk off [sth] vtr phrasal insep UK, slang (play truant from: school, work) (学)逃…； (工)旷…I bunked off school with my mates to go to the mall.burn [sth] away, burn away [sth] vtr phrasal sep (destroy by fire)烧毁, 烧光burst into [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (enter)闯入The angry man burst into the room.那个生气的家伙闯入了房间。burst out from [sth] vi phrasal + prep (spring out)从…跳出来；从…冒出来He burst out from behind the wall, surprising everyone leaning against it.他从墙背后跳出来，吓到了所有靠着墙的人。burst out of [sth] vi phrasal + prep (emerge, break out)冲出…，从…出来；从…摆脱出来The chick finally burst out of its shell.小鸡终于破壳而出。burst upon [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (leap, pounce)冲上，撞上burst upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (appear)突然来到，忽然出现Tara Lipinski burst upon the world of gymnastics as a bouncy fifteen-year-old.bust [sth] out vtr phrasal sep US, slang (take out for use)拿出…Let's bust out a bottle of the good wine for our anniversary!bust [sth] up vtr phrasal sep US, slang, figurative (end)终结Seems like I have to bust up a fight between those kids every day.butt into [sth] vtr phrasal insep slang (interrupt: a conversation)打断When Mary and I are talking, please don't butt into our conversation.button [sth] up, button up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (fasten buttons) (纽扣)扣紧；扣上Button up your jacket; it's cold outside.button up about [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative, slang (keep silent)不做声；对某事保持沉默You'd better button up about the missing cookies.你最好对饼干失踪这件事默不作声。buy [sth] back, buy back [sth] vtr phrasal sep (seller: repurchase [sth] sold)买回Redeemable shares come with an agreement that the company can buy them back at a future date.buy [sth] in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (purchase [sth] in large quantities)大量收购The shop bought in extra stock to meet the heavy demand from customers.那家商店大量收购额外商品来满足顾客的大需求量。buy into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (accept as valid)接受；相信It is difficult trying to get people to buy into the idea.buy into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (invest in)买入…的股份；出钱入股This is an opportunity for investors to buy into a fast-growing company.buy [sth] out, buy out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (purchase entire stock)全部买下；买光We bought out the store's entire stock of the product.我们把商店这种商品的所有存货全部买下了。我把商店这种商品的所有存货买光了。buy [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (purchase all of [sth])全部买下We bought up all the store's balloons for the party.calculate on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (expect, intend for [sth])期望；期待；期待We're calculating on your being here for dinner.call for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (demand, request)要求The senator called for an investigation. The judge's bailiff called for silence in the courtroom.参议员要求展开调查。法官的法警要求大家在庭内肃静。call for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (require)需要The recipe calls for brown sugar, not white sugar. The situation calls for a calm, deliberate response.菜谱需要的是红糖粉而不是白砂糖。这种情况需要的是冷静、慎重。call for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (forecast)预测；预见The forecast calls for clear skies and warm temperatures.天气预报预测说天气暖和，晴朗无云。call in at [sth] vi phrasal + prep UK (visit briefly)去；拜访I just need to call in at the office on the way home to pick up some paperwork.We called in at Bristol on our way to London.我只需要在回家的路上去趟办公室拿些文件。//我们去伦敦途中在布里斯托尔作了短暂停留。call [sth] in, call in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (loan, debt: demand repayment) (贷款，债务)要求偿还The bank called in Stuart's loan and he had to sell his house to repay it.银行要求斯图尔特偿还贷款，他不得不卖掉房子来偿付。call [sth] off, call off [sth] vtr phrasal sep often passive (cancel)取消；停止；宣告终止The town's annual picnic was called off due to rain.由于下雨，小镇一年一度的野餐活动被取消了。call on [sb] for [sth], call upon vtr phrasal insep (seek help)请求；向某人求助John called on his friends for support.约翰请他的朋友支持他。call on [sb] to do [sth], call upon [sb] to do [sth] vtr phrasal insep (request that [sb] do [sth])要求某人做某事The union called on the workers to support a strike.工会号召工人支持罢工。cancel [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (counteract, make ineffective)抵消cancel [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (charge: make void) (费用等)冲销，销账cap [sth] off vtr phrasal sep informal (round off, finish)结束某事capitalize on [sth], also UK: capitalise on [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (make the most of)最大化利用carry [sth] along vtr phrasal sep (bring)携带carry [sth] around vtr phrasal sep (take everywhere)随身携带carry [sth/sb] away vtr phrasal sep (tide, river: sweep off)冲走The boy dropped a stick in the river and the current carried it away.那个男孩将一根棍子扔进了河里，接着被河流冲走了。carry [sth] forward, carry forward [sth] vtr phrasal sep (sum: transfer to next column)过账；结转Carry the number forward from the units to the tens column.carry [sth] forward, carry forward [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (cause to progress)使…继续向前推进A team of experts is being assembled to carry the project forward.carry [sb/sth] off vtr phrasal sep (abduct, kidnap)挟持；绑架She was carried off by persons unknown and never seen again.她被几个不明身份的人挟持了，那之后就再也没过她。carry [sth] off vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (succeed in doing) (非正式用语)成功完成，成功对付；驾驭Not everyone can wear a red hat with purple shoes, but you really carry it off in style.不是每个人都能驾驭红帽子配紫鞋子的，不过你穿起来却很时髦。carry on with [sth] vi phrasal + prep (continue [sth])继续The teacher told us to carry on with the exercise she had assigned while she prepared a test.老师让我们继续做她布置的练习，并且准备了测验。carry on [sth], carry [sth] on vtr phrasal sep (preserve, continue)继续；维持His daughter plans to carry the business on just as it was before.他的女儿打算像以前一样把生意经营下去。carry [sth] out, carry out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (perform, conduct)进行；实行；执行The army sometimes carries out mountain rescues in this area.有时军队会在这个地区执行山地救援。carry [sth] out, carry out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (bring to fruition)完成；实现The executor of a will carries out the wishes of the deceased.遗嘱执行人执行死者的遗愿。carry [sth] over, carry over [sth] vtr phrasal sep (sum: transfer to next column) (数学进位)向高位进Carry over the number "4" and put it at the top of the next column.将数字“4”进位，加到下一列的最上面。carry [sth] over, carry over [sth] vtr phrasal sep (vacation allowance: use next year)结转；累积My boss won't allow me to carry over my vacation time to next year so I must take holidays now.老板不允许我将假期结转至明年，所以我必须现在就休假。carry over to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (be extended)延迟，延续；延期His frustration at work carried over to his home.他工作上的挫败感延续到了家里。carry [sb] through, carry [sb] through [sth] vtr phrasal sep (help to endure, survive)帮助…渡过难关；carve [sth] out, carve out [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (career, etc.: build up) (职业生涯等)开拓，开创，用辛勤的劳动创造出Jack hopes to carve out a career in software development.杰克希望在软件开发领域开创一番事业。carve [sth] out for yourself, carve out [sth] for yourself vtr phrasal sep figurative (career, etc.: build up)开拓；开创She's succeeded in carving out a nice career for herself in marketing.她成功地在市场营销方面为自己开创了一番不错的事业。carve [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (cut into pieces)把…切成块，切开备注: A hyphen is used when the term is a nouncarve [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative (divide)瓜分，分割After the war, the victors carved the defeated nations up into new administrative regions.carve [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative, slang (drive fast along: road)在…飞速行驶He enjoys carving up the road in his flashy sports car.cash [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (exchange for money) (换成现款)兑换；兑现I was short of ready money so I cashed in my shares in M&S.cash in on [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (profit)趁机利用；以…获利；靠…赚钱The witness wrote a book about his experiences to cash in on his fame.cast about for [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (seek)寻找I'm casting about for some really good example sentences.cast [sth] aside vtr phrasal sep (throw away, discard) (物)抛弃，丢弃cast [sth] away vtr phrasal sep (discard)丢弃；丢掉cast [sth] off, cast off [sth] vtr phrasal sep UK (knitting: bind off to finish) (编织，针织)收针One way of shaping sleeves when knitting a sweater is to cast off a certain number of stitches at the beginning of each row.编织毛衣时，袖子成型的一种方法是在每一行开织的地方收一定数量的针。cast [sth] off, cast off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (get rid of)摆脱；解脱The key to having a great vacation is to cast off your worries and concerns.度过一个美好假日的关键是摆脱烦恼和忧虑。cast [sth/sb] out vtr phrasal sep (banish)驱逐；逐出；赶走Exorcism is a ceremony for casting out demons.cast up [sth], cast [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (ocean: wash [sth] ashore) (海洋: 某物)把…冲上岸cast up [sth], cast [sth] up vtr phrasal sep dated (add up: numbers) (数字)把…加起来catch at [sth] vtr phrasal insep (reach for [sth]) (球类运动)抓住，接住Jane caught at Pete's arm and pulled him back onto the sidewalk as a car zoomed past.catch up with [sb/sth], also US: catch up to [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (go as fast as)追上；赶上I walk faster than he does, so I wait at each corner for him to catch up with me.我走得比他快，所以我在每个转角都会等他赶上来。catch up with [sb], also US: catch up to [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (join, reach)追上, 赶上You go on ahead; I'll catch up with you as soon as I've finished my work here.你先走，我一完成这里的工作就去找你。catch up on [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative, informal (compensate for time lost)赶上；赶完Audrey sighed when she saw that she had to catch up on a huge pile of work.看到自己必须赶完一大堆工作时候，奥黛丽叹了口气。catch up on [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative, informal (get up to date)了解…的最新情况I phoned my brother to catch up on the latest news back home.我给哥哥打电话，以了解家里面的最新情况。cater for [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (provide food)为…提供餐饮服务My mother used to cater for weddings.我妈妈过去常常为婚礼提供餐饮服务。cater to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (meet demands)满足…的需求；迎合Just because he's the boss he thinks I have to cater to his every desire.center around [sth] (US), centre around [sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep (be based on, concerned with)围绕；以...为中心center in on [sth] (US), centre in on [sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep (focus on)聚焦于Now that the camera's shown us the whole pitch, centre in on just the coach.center on [sb/sth], center upon [sb/sth] (US), centre on [sb/sth], centre upon [sb/sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep (have as main topic)以…为中心, 重点在于…His talk centered on one key issue.center on [sb/sth] (US), centre on [sb/sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep (have as main purpose)围绕；以…为中心My grandfather's life centered on his family.chalk out [sth], chalk [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (make a sketchy plan of)制定计划；草拟方案chalk up [sth], chalk [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative (achieve [sth])得到，取得Fangio chalked up many victories in motor racing.chalk up [sth], chalk [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (write [sth] in chalk)用粉笔写下, 用粉笔记下chalk up [sth], chalk [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (rub chalk on: billiard cue) (台球)磨杆备注: 在台球游戏中，为防止球杆击球时打滑，常用一种含有石灰粉的小块打磨球杆顶端，称为磨杆chalk [sth] up to [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (attribute, ascribe [sth] to [sth])将...归咎于；将...归因于Don accidentally ran a red light; he chalked it up to tiredness.chance on [sth], chance upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep (unexpectedly encounter [sb/sth])偶然遇到；偶然见到Walking throught the woods, I chanced upon young rabbits cavorting in the tall grass.change [sth] back, change back [sth] vtr phrasal sep (reverse a change)将...变回；将...改回The event changed its name to the Emirates Rally in 1989, but changed it back the following year.change over to [sth] vi phrasal (switch)对调；对换I work until midnight for a week and then I change over to the morning shift.charge up [sth], charge [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (renew battery power of)给…充电It is so annoying that I have to charge up my cordless drill every twenty minutes if I want it to work well.；chase after [sth] vtr phrasal insep (seek [sth] unrealistic) (某些不切实际的事)追求John is rather homely, but he's always chasing after the pretty girls.chase [sb/sth] out, chase out [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (force to leave)驱赶The wife's scoldings chased the husband out of the house.chase [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (check, assist progress)追查；追踪Those books should have arrived yesterday; could you please chase the order?这些书昨天就应该到了。你能帮我查询一下订单进度吗？cheat on [sth] vtr phrasal insep US (be dishonest on [sth])在…方面欺诈The teacher gave Bobby an F when she found out that he had cheated on the test.老师发现鲍比考试作弊后，她给了他一个F。check for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (inspect for presence of)检查Ann checked the document for errors before printing it out.check [sth] in, check in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (luggage: register) (行李)登记At the airport, I checked in my bags at the desk and was given my boarding pass.在机场，我在服务台办理了登机手续，拿到了登机牌。check into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (sign or book into: hotel, etc.) (酒店)登记住宿My flight arrived late so I had to check into a hotel near the airport.check into [sth] vtr phrasal insep US (investigate)调查；查询We are checking into discount flights to London.check [sth] off, check off [sth] vtr phrasal sep mainly US (mark checklist item with a tick)给…打勾，给…打上核对号check on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (verify state, progress of [sth])检查；核查；调查When Janet left the children alone at home, she called frequently to check on them.如果珍妮特把孩子留在家里出门，就会频繁地给家里打电话，检查孩子们的状况。check [sth] out, check out [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (try to verify)查证；核实；查实The inspector checked out the suspect's alibi by questioning his friends.通过质询嫌疑人的朋友，调查员查证了嫌疑人的不在场证明。check [sb/sth] out, check out [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (investigate, examine)看看When you're in New York, be sure to check out that camera store I told you about.到了纽约，一定要去看看我跟你说过的那家相机店。check [sth/sb] out, check out [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep slang (look at)观察，查看Check out that guy in the top hat!查看那个戴高顶礼帽的人！check [sth] out, check out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (book, etc.: borrow from library) (图书等)借出，借取I checked out two books from the library last week and I've lost one of them.我上周在图书馆借了两本书，但其中一本丢了。check up on [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (observe progress)校对；检查；检查When it's very hot, remember to check up on your elderly neighbors every couple of hours.chew [sth] over, chew over [sth] vtr phrasal sep (think about or discuss thoroughly)详细讨论；仔细考虑David chewed over the matter for a few days before making a decision.chew [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (grind with teeth)咀嚼…；嚼…chew [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (use rapidly)很快地消耗…Using 4G chews up the battery life of your phone.chicken out of [sth] vi phrasal + prep slang (not be brave enough for)临阵退缩I can't believe you made me sign up for skydiving and then chickened out of it yourself!我真不敢相信你让我报名跳伞，自己却临阵退缩了！chime with [sth] vtr phrasal insep UK, figurative (be consistent)与...一致Her speech chimed perfectly with my own opinions.chip away at [sth] vtr phrasal insep (hack pieces off)凿掉；敲掉Michelangelo created statues by chipping away at marble with a chisel and hammer.chip away at [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (decrease gradually)逐步削弱The bullying he was subjected to throughout his childhood chipped away at his self-confidence.chip in [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (money: contribute) (钱)凑，共同出They each chipped in 100 euros and bought their mother a trip to Greece.他们每人出了100欧元为母亲购买了一趟希腊之旅。chip [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (remove by chiselling)凿下chivvy [sb] into [sth], chivvy [sb] into doing [sth] vtr phrasal sep UK (hurry or harass [sb] into action)催促...做某事；不断唠叨某人做某事choke [sth] back, choke back [sth] vtr phrasal sep (suppress: emotion, words)忍住，控制住choke [sth] down, choke down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (eat with difficulty)强咽…下去choke [sth] down, choke down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (suppress: words, feelings)将…抑制choke [sth] off, choke off [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (restrict [sth] severely)制约，限制；打断，终止We believe that the government's economic policy has choked off the recovery.choke on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (have stuck in one's throat)噎在喉咙处，噎住The old man choked on his food and almost turned blue before the waiter arrived to help him.choke on [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (be unable to say)话噎在喉咙里，哽噎难以成语He didn't want to mess up the marriage proposal but was afraid that he'd choke on the words when the time came.chomp down on [sth] vi phrasal + prep (bite [sth] forcefully)把...猛咬一口chop [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (tree: fell, cut down) (树)砍倒Pioneers would chop down trees to build their homes.chop [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (sever)切开Before I cook broccoli, I chop off the stems.chop [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (cut into small pieces)剁碎Chop up the onions and add them to the pan.chuck [sth] away, chuck away [sth] vtr phrasal sep (discard [sth], throw away)扔掉，放弃chuck [sth] in, chuck in [sth] vtr phrasal sep UK, informal (quit doing [sth])放弃做chuck [sth] out, chuck out [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (throw away)扔掉，抛弃I went through my things and chucked out anything I no longer needed.churn [sth] out, churn out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (produce, manufacture)粗制滥造；大量炮制，快速机械地生产The factory churns out thousands of cans of baked beans every day.这家工厂每天都会快速机械地生产成千上万的烘豆罐头。clamp down on [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep figurative (be strict, enforce rules)严厉打击，严格压制；严厉扼制The city is clamping down on gang violence.class [sth] up, class up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (make more stylish)使...更时髦；提升时尚度claw [sth] back vtr phrasal sep figurative (recover: financial loss) (经济损失等)弥补claw [sth] back vtr phrasal sep figurative (recover: [sth] lost)夺回；追回Considering its dismal sales figures and recent bankruptcy, General Motors will have to claw its way back to viability.鉴于惨淡的销售数据和近期发生的破产，通用汽车公司不得不努力恢复其生存能力。clean [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (place: clean)把…打扫干净Jack cleaned out the stables and fed the horses.杰克将马厩打扫干净并喂了马。clean [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (place: empty)清空，把…腾空If you don't clean out the garage soon I won't be able to park my car.如果你不马上把车库清空，我将无法停车。clean [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (items: clear)打扫，清扫I cleaned out all the children's old toys and gave them to charity.我理出了所有孩子们的旧玩具，将它们送给了慈善机构。clean [sb/sth] out vtr phrasal sep figurative, slang (take all money)使…失去所有钱财Their business failed and cleaned them out.他们的生意失败，失去了所有的钱财。clean [sb/sth] up, clean up [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep (remove dirt)清洁；把…清洗干净Clean up your face and change your clothes before dinner.先去把脸清洗干净，再换套衣服，然后再吃晚饭。clean [sth] up, clean up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, slang (rid of undesirable things)清扫；清除（不良现象）；整顿The governor vowed to clean up the state and put an end to the trafficking rings.州长发誓要整顿这个州，还要终结贩毒团伙。；clear [sth] away vtr phrasal sep (put away neatly) (云、雾等)消散，散去；清除走（以腾出空间），（饭后）收拾碗筷After the meal, Fiona began clearing away the plates.clear out of [sth] vi phrasal + prep slang (leave: a place)离开My landlord's given me a week to clear out of my flat.我的房东给了我一周的时间搬离公寓。clear [sth] out, clear out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (space: remove clutter)把…清空；清掉Anita cleared out all the closets in preparation for the move.为搬家做准备，安妮塔把所有壁橱都清空了。clear [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (make tidy)整理；清洁；清扫Maria told the children to clear their toys up when they'd finished playing with them.玛利亚让孩子们玩儿完玩具后要整理好它们。clear [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative (clarify)消除（嫌疑等）；澄清；说清楚I was hoping that you could clear something up for me.我有件事想请你澄清一下。cling on to [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (hold tightly)紧紧抓住clip [sth] on vtr phrasal sep (attach [sth] with a clip)把…夹住clock up [sth], clock [sth] up vtr phrasal insep mainly UK (get to a large number of)达到…clog [sth] up, clog up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (block)堵塞Pouring melted fat down the drain will clog up the pipes. The rush hour clogs up the freeway.将溶解的油脂倒入下水道会堵塞管道。上下班高峰导致高速公路堵塞。close [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (prevent [sth] from operating)使停业；关闭，关掉The Women's Anti-Exploitation League vowed to close down the porno shop.妇女反剥削联盟发誓要关掉那家色情服务店。close in on [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (pursuit: get closer)逼近Drive faster! The cops are closing in on us!close in on [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (make claustrophobic) (比喻)迫近Inside the small room, he felt like the walls were closing in on him.close [sth] off, close off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (block, shut off)封锁；使与外界隔绝The police closed off the road due to a bad accident.close [sth] out vtr phrasal sep US (account: terminate)关闭（账户）close [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (sport: bring to end)使…结束The team closed the game out with a goal in the final minute to win 3-1.close [sth] out vtr phrasal sep US (bar tab, etc.: settle)结清close [sth] up, close up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (shut)关闭；关上Nina closed up the shop and went home.尼娜关了店，然后回家。；clue [sb] in on [sth], also UK: clue [sb] up on [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (inform)告诉某人某事Can you clue me in on what's going on?clump along [sth] vtr phrasal insep (trudge along: a road, etc.)步履艰难地走clump [sth] together, clump together [sth] vtr phrasal sep (gather, stick together)将...结成块；将...聚在一起clutch at [sth] vtr phrasal insep (try to grasp)试图抓住，抓向clutter [sth] up, clutter up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (fill untidily)凌乱地堆放着Please take your belongings with you. You don't need to clutter up my car.cobble [sth] together vtr phrasal sep (assemble clumsily)拼凑出，粗制滥造出cock [sth] up, cock up [sth] vtr phrasal sep UK, slang (botch [sth])把…弄得一团糟collapse [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (dismantle or disassemble)使…散架collapse [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (cause to fold together)折叠collect [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (objects: pick up)捡起，拾取She collected up the toys that the children had left scattered around the room.comb [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (remove [sth] by combing)用梳子梳掉Using conditioner makes it easier to comb out the tangles in your hair.come across [sth] vtr phrasal insep (encounter [sth])偶然发现I came across an interesting article in the newspaper today.今天我在报纸上偶然读到了一篇有趣的文章。come after [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (pursue, chase)追；追逐The police came after the robbers in a patrol car.come around, also UK: come round to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (revise your opinion)改变观点；改而接受…的观点Steve eventually came round to my opinion.最终，史蒂夫改而接受我的观点了。come back with [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (retort)反驳；反击James wanted to come back with a witty retort, but couldn't think of one.詹姆斯本打算机智地反驳一下，但却想不出任何点子。come before [sth] vtr phrasal insep formal (appear in court)出（庭）The defendant came before the court for sentencing.come between [sth] vtr phrasal insep (separate, obstruct)出现在…之间；隔开；分隔A brick wall came between the wooden building and the store.come by [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (find, obtain by chance)偶然找到；碰巧获得，偶然获得We came by these old coins in our garden when we were digging over the vegetable plot.当我们在菜地翻土的时候，偶然获得了这些旧硬币。come down on [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (collapse)落到, 降落到, 坍塌到The bedroom ceiling came down on us during the hurricane.在龙卷风期间，我们的卧室屋顶塌了下来。come down to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (be essentially)归根结底是…What this strike comes down to is a failure to communicate with your staff.come down with [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative, informal (fall ill) (比喻，非正式用语)染上…病，患…病I've just come down with a cold.我刚患上感冒。come into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (money: acquire, inherit)获得（钱财等），继承He came into a large inheritance when he was quite young.他年轻时就继承了一大笔遗产。come off [sth] vtr phrasal insep US ([sth]: finish period of) (演出等)停止上演The country is coming off a year of huge economic growth.该国家刚刚结束了经济高速增长的一年。come off [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (stop using: drugs)停止（服毒、酗酒等）Dave came off heroin two years ago and he has been clean ever since.戴夫两年前戒掉了海洛因，从那时起他就一直没再碰过。come out of [sth] vtr phrasal insep (emerge)从…出来，出现Bears generally come out of hibernation in the Spring.熊通常在春天时从冬眠中醒来。come out of [sth] vtr phrasal insep (costs: be subtracted) (开支等)从…中出，从…中扣除The cost of that broken lamp is going to come out of your pay check.那盏坏掉台灯的费用将会从你的工资中扣除。come out of [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (result)有…结果Let's hope that something good can come out of this.希望这件事能够有个好的结果。come out with [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (say, utter) (非正式用语)说出，讲出I couldn't believe she came out with that remark.come out with [sth] vtr phrasal insep (introduce: new product) (产品)引入；把…投入市场销售The company has come out with a new miracle drug.come through [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative, informal (survive, endure)脱险；安然度过；熬过The road to recovery is a difficult one, but you're strong enough to come through it.恢复的路很艰难，但你非常坚强，熬过来了。come up against [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (encounter: opposition, obstacle)遭到…的反对The work is behind schedule because we came up against some unexpected problems.我们遇到了一些意想不到的问题，因此工作延期了。come up to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (reach as high as)变得跟…一样高，到…的高度Don't worry if you can't swim; the water will only come up to your knees.即便不会游泳也不用担心，那里的水只会到你的膝盖那么高。come up to [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (meet: standards, expectations) (标准、要求等)达到；达成No matter what he did, he wasn't able to come up to his father's expectations.无论做什么，他都无法达到父亲的预期。come up with [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (devise, invent) (非正式用语)设计出，发明出；想出I'll have to come up with a plan.我得想出一个计划。come up with [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (deliver, produce)送抵，交付Will you be able to come up with the cash by the end of the month?你能在月底交付那笔现金吗？come upon [sth], come on vtr phrasal insep (find by chance, encounter)偶然遇见；偶然发现The kids were thrilled to come upon a small gingerbread house in the woods.孩子们在树林里偶然发现一座姜饼屋，兴奋不已。complain of [sth] vtr phrasal insep slightly formal (describe as a symptom) (病患)主诉The patient complains of pain in her lower back.病人主诉着自己后腰的疼痛。；conceive of [sth] vtr phrasal insep (imagine)设想，想象concentrate upon [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep slightly formal (focus your attention on)专心于；集中注意力于The last thing I remember is the hypnotist telling me to concentrate upon the watch.conjure [sth/sb] up, conjure up [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep (magic: make appear) (魔法)变出，召唤出The audience yawned as the magician conjured up yet another rabbit from the hat.当魔术师从帽子里又变出一只兔子时，观众都打哈欠了。conjure [sth] up, conjure up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (evoke)引起；唤起；勾起The movie conjures up the excitement of being a teenager in 1960s London.这部电影让人想起20世纪60年代伦敦青少年的欢乐时光。conjure [sth] up, conjure up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (produce) (比喻)制造；取得Despite being outplayed in every way, the team still managed to conjure up enough goals to win the match.尽管在各方面都处于劣势，但这只球队还是想方设法取得足够多的进球来赢得比赛。conjure [sth] up, conjure up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (invent)捏造，假造，创造She conjured up several excuses, but none of them was credible.她编造了几个借口，但没有一个是可信的。connect up [sth], connect [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (link or join together)相连；连接；接通I'm having trouble connecting up my new speakers.consist of [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be made of)包括；由…构成What does life really consist of?生活到底包括些什么？consist of [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be made up of, comprise)由…组成This family consists of a husband, a wife, and a child.这个家庭由一个丈夫、一个妻子和一个孩子组成。；contract [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (outsource) (工程、项目等)外包；将...包出去；承包给某人contract [sth] out to [sb] vtr phrasal sep (outsource)将某事外包给某人；让某人承包某事contribute to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (make bigger)促成；有助于Better cost control has contributed to the increase in the company's profits.改良的成本控制促成了公司利润的增长。contribute to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be responsible for [sth])对...负有责任；是造成...的原因之一The newspaper report says that drugs contributed to the crash.报纸称毒品是造成车祸的原因之一。converse in [sth] vtr phrasal insep (talk in a given language) (语言)用...交谈He did not speak Italian and her Spanish was poor so they conversed in English.cook [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (devise, invent) (非正式用语)编造，捏造，虚构，找借口Let's cook up a plan.cook [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (cook in improvised way) (非正式用语)快速烹制Come on over, I'll cook up some fried rice.cool [sth/sb] down vtr phrasal sep (make less hot)使凉快下来；使冷却下来Ben took a cold shower to cool himself down after the race.比赛结束后，本冲了个冷水澡让自己冷却下来。cop on to [sth], cop onto [sth] vi phrasal + prep UK, slang (fact, idea: realise, grasp)意识到，理解到She didn't cop on to the fact that the girl he was describing was her sister.cope with [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (person: handle, deal with)对付；处理It is astonishing the way she manages to raise a family, hold a full-time job and cope with a bed-ridden mother, all at the same time.她要拉扯儿女，同时拥有全职工作，还要照顾患病在床的母亲，真不知道她是如何做到的。cope with [sth] vtr phrasal insep (machine, etc.: handle a volume, load) (机器: 负载, 负荷)处理My washing machine can only cope with small loads.我的洗衣机只能洗少量衣物。copy [sth] down, copy down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (write [sth])把…记下来cordon [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (restrict access to, seal off)布置警戒线以进行隔离；封锁The police cordoned off the area around the accident site while investigators tried to establish its cause.警察封锁了事故现场周围的地区，调查人员正在寻找事故发生的原因。cost out [sth] vtr phrasal insep (determine cost in advance)估算出…的费用cotton on to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (realise)认识到；明白She finally cottoned on to the fact that they were teasing her.cough [sth] up, cough up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, slang (pay: debt) (比喻还债)支付Stan finally coughed up the money he owed us.cough [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (expel from throat)咳出She coughed up the fish bone which she had swallowed by accident.count down to [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (prepare for, anticipate [sth])为…作最后的准备As soon as one birthday is over, Tommy starts counting down to the next one.count [sth] down vtr phrasal insep (count backwards to event)倒计；倒数It was almost midnight on New Year's Eve; the crowd in Times Square was counting down the seconds.count on [sb] to do [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (trust, rely on)指望某人做某事；相信You can count on her to be on time.你可以相信她会准时到场。count on [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (expect, be confident of)料想；预期（某事会发生）The fans were counting on victory today after the Manchester United's recent successes.在曼联最近的几次成功之后，球迷们可以对今天的胜利有所预期。count out [sth], count [sth] out vtr phrasal sep informal (exclude)除却；不计；不带count out [sth], count [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (distribute)清点数目；数出；盘点He counted out the ten euros he owed me in one euro coins.count toward [sth], count towards [sth] vtr phrasal insep (contribute to total)计入…总数Holly's German class doesn't count toward graduation credits; she's simply taking the class for fun.count upon [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (depend on, rely on)信赖；依靠I should like to thank you for your help, and assure you that you may count upon my support at any time.couple [sth] with [sth] vtr phrasal sep often passive (add, combine)加上；伴随When icy temperatures are coupled with thick fog, driving conditions become hazardous.凛冽的严寒加上浓雾，让驾驶条件变得非常危险。cover [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (put a covering over)遮盖；遮住Please cover up the leftover food so we can eat it later.She tried to cover up her bruise with make-up.请盖好剩菜剩饭以便我们之后食用。 // 她试图通过化妆来遮住淤青。cover [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative (truth: hide) (真相)掩盖The candidate tried to cover up his affair with a woman.竞选者试图掩盖他和一位女性的婚外情。cover up for [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep (hide [sb]'s guilt)包庇；掩盖（错误）Her co-workers tried to cover up for her many mistakes.她的同事试图包庇她的多次过失。crack [sth] apart, crack apart [sth] vtr phrasal sep (break open or in two)将...分开；把...一分为二crack down on [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (not tolerate)打击；制裁The principal is starting to crack down on unexcused absences.校长开始严厉打击无故旷课。crank out [sth], crank [sth] out vtr phrasal sep figurative (produce like a machine)迅速拼凑；粗制滥造Every six months, the author cranked out another book.crank [sth] up, crank up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (start by turning a handle)转动手柄启动，转动曲柄起动Can you believe people once had to crank up cars before they would start?crank [sth] up, crank up [sth] vtr phrasal sep slang, figurative (intensify, increase) (俚语，比喻)加快；增加They will never win the match if their offense doesn't crank up the pressure a bit.crawl into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (creep inside)爬进He crawled into bed as quietly as possible so as not to wake his wife.crawl out of [sth] vi phrasal + prep (creep outside)爬出She crawled out of her sleeping bag to see if it was a bear making all the noise outside her tent.cream [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (cream: skim off)撇走…的奶油cream [sth] off vtr phrasal sep figurative (profits: take) (利益)攫取credit [sb] with [sth] vtr phrasal sep (attribute: [sth] to [sb])把…归功于credit [sb] with doing [sth] vtr phrasal sep (acknowledge: [sb])认为…做…He credits his parents with awakening his love of music.credit [sb] with [sth] vtr phrasal sep (acknowledge: [sb])认为…具有，认为…是creep into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (move stealthily inside)悄悄爬进；蹑手蹑脚地进入；溜进The man in black crept quietly into the bushes.黑衣人悄悄躲进了灌木丛中。creep into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (thought, feeling: slowly enter)不知不觉地进入A pessimistic tone has crept into his recent novels.creep over [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (figure: rise higher than)慢慢超过creep over [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (light, darkness: cover slowly) (光、黑暗)慢慢覆盖creep under [sth] vtr phrasal insep (crawl beneath)爬到...下面When the thunder started, the dog crept under the bed and stayed there until it stopped.creep up on [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (approach stealthily)悄悄接近，偷偷上前She startled her sister by creeping up on her and shouting "Boo!"；crop [sth] out, crop out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (eliminate: from an image) (从图片上)裁剪；截去cross [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (mark as done) (表示已做完)（从列表中）划掉Make a list of things to do and cross off each item once you have completed it.cross out [sth], cross [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (put a line through)删掉；划掉With a pencil you can erase; with a pen you have to cross out your mistakes. Cross out the wrong answers.用铅笔的话，你还能用擦子擦，用钢笔的话，你就得划掉你的错误了。请划掉错误答案。cross over to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (change loyalties)转而站到…的一边；转而投向The senator crossed over to the opposition.那名参议员转而站到反对党的一边。cross over into [sth], cross over to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (defy genres) (音乐等)混合；融合Run DMC were one of the first rap acts to cross over into the rock charts.Run DMC是最早融合摇滚的说唱乐队之一。cross over to [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (music, film: appeal diversely)吸引各种听众；吸引各种观众The film has enough appeal to cross over to a wider audience.这部片子有足够的魅力，能吸引各种层面的观众。crowd [sb/sth] out vtr phrasal sep (leave no room)将...挤出去crowd [sth] out vtr phrasal sep figurative (economics: reduce) (经济)挤出，排挤crumble [sth] up, crumble up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (break into tiny pieces)将...捏碎；将...撕碎cry [sb/sth] down, cry down [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep dated (disparage)贬低；贬损cry off [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (cancel)取消cry [sth] out, cry out [sth] vtr phrasal insep (shout, yell)大声说出；叫喊出The captain cried out the order for the soldiers to begin firing at the enemy.上尉大声向士兵们下令，开始朝敌军开火。cry out for [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (call aloud)大声呼喊When the child was scared she would cry out for her mother.cry out for [sth], call out for [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (need) (比喻)迫切需要，急需The house was in poor condition and crying out for repair.cuddle up with [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (snuggle next to)抱着；拥着Nancy cuddled up with her favorite doll and fell asleep.；cue [sb] in on [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (inform about)暗示某人做某事cue [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (stage lights, music: prepare) (舞台应用的灯光、音乐、装置等)准备好curtain [sth] off, curtain off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (create barrier with curtain)用帘子隔开cut across [sth] vtr phrasal insep (traverse via a short cut)抄近路穿过；径直通过The children cut across a wheat field to get home faster.cut across [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (defy definitions or boundaries) (比喻)超越, 越过, 略过Concern about this issue cuts across traditional political divisions.cut back on [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (reduce: to economize)减少…；削减…Now that I am unemployed we are going to have to cut back on our spending.cut down on [sth] vi phrasal + prep (reduce, consume less of)削减对…的消耗；减少对…的消费It's hard to cut down on alcohol when my friends keep inviting me out for drinks.在朋友一直邀请我外出喝酒时，就很难减少对酒精的摄入。cut [sth] down, cut down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (reduce)削减；减少When the team decided to cut down their roster, everyone was upset.当队伍决定裁员时，每个人都很沮丧。cut [sth/sb] off vtr phrasal sep figurative (disconnect)切断（网络、电力等）的供应While on the net, we were cut off.正在上网时，我们断网了。cut [sth] out, cut out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (remove by cutting)切除，割除；剪下The doctors cut the tumour out, removing the cancer.Audrey cut the picture out of the magazine.医生切除了肿瘤，移除了癌细胞。// 奥德丽从杂志里剪下了那张图。cut [sth] out, cut out [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (text, scene: excise) (文字场景等)剪去, 删去The director cut the scene out from the final version of the film.导演从电影最终的版本中剪去了那个镜头。cut [sth] out, cut out [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (eliminate)戒掉；不再食用She was told to cut out starchy carbs from her diet.她被告知不要再食用淀粉类碳水化合物。cut [sth] out, cut out [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, slang (stop) (俚语, 比喻)停止；摒除；抛却Hey, cut out all that noise! I'm trying to sleep.别吵了，我要睡觉！cut [sth] out, cut out [sth] vtr phrasal sep US, informal (turn off)关掉；切断…的电流cut [sth] over vtr phrasal sep (computing: transfer) (计算机)迁移…The library will cut over the catalogue to its new software in September.cut [sth] short, cut short [sth] vtr phrasal sep (interrupt, finish prematurely)中断；打断；突然停止We had to cut the vacation short when Jim broke his ankle.吉姆脚踝骨折了，我们不得不提前结束休假。cut [sth] up, cut up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (chop, slice)切开，切碎You have to cut up the chicken into smaller pieces if you want to feed everybody.如果想让每个人吃到，你必须把鸡肉切成小块。cut up about [sth] vi phrasal + prep US, figurative, slang (make jokes about)拿…开玩笑The girls were cutting up about their embarrassing parents.dam [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (block flow)筑坝蓄水We need to dam up the river to prevent a flood.dam [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative (feelings: repress) (情感)压抑；郁积damp [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (fire, etc.: smother) (火等)使…减弱；阻止dash [sth] off vtr phrasal sep informal (write, compose hastily) (非正式用语)匆忙写好If you leave your homework to the last minute then dash the essay off in half an hour, you mustn't be surprised if you get poor marks.date back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (exist since)追溯到…The fossils dated back to the Precambrian eon.deal in [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (be concerned with [sth])关心；操心deal in [sth] vtr phrasal insep (trade)做…的生意；买卖He made his fortune dealing in illegal weapons.；deal with [sth] vtr phrasal insep (address, resolve) (事)设法解决The problem was brought to my attention and I dealt with it.这个问题引起了我的注意，我来设法解决它。deal with [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be concerned with)关于This book deals with history.这是一本关于历史的书。deal with [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (cope)应付；承受I can't deal with all this stress right now.我现在无法承受这些压力。deck [sth] out, deck out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (decorate, adorn)装饰She was very trendy, always decked out in the latest fashions.defer to [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (concede to authority, etc.)遵从；服从；听从Rachel's boss didn't agree with her idea so, as he had more experience, she deferred to his judgement.deliver on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (fulfil, go through with)履行；实行；完成Mark is very reliable, as he always delivers on his promises.delve into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (investigate, research)深入研究；钻研He was eager to delve into the ancient archives discovered in the monastery.他等不及要钻研在那所修道院发现的古代卷宗。depend on [sth], depend upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be determined by [sth])取决于Whether the heating will be fixed today depends on the repairman's schedule.暖气今天能不能修好取决于维修人员的日程安排。depend on [sth], depend upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be assured of)相信；确信You may depend absolutely upon your solicitor's discretion.你可以完全信赖你的律师的决断。depend on [sth], depend upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep (trust in [sth]) (对事物)相信，信任I depended on her ability to keep a secret.我相信她能够保守秘密。descend on [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (visit [sth] en masse) (非正式用语)造访，到访Thousands of protestors descended on the capital to demonstrate against big government.detract from [sth] vtr phrasal insep (take away from [sth])减损A scratch in the paint detracted greatly from the painting's value.diddle around with [sth] vi phrasal + prep US, informal (waste time on [sth])在…上浪费时间The teenager spent the afternoon diddling around with his phone.这位少年花费了一个下午的时间在摆弄手机。dig into [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (eat heartily)狼吞虎咽；埋头大吃The apple pie looks delicious; I can't wait to dig into it.那个苹果派看来很美味，我已经迫不及待要埋头大吃了。dig into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative, informal (investigate)仔细调查；详查；挖掘The detective started digging into the suspect's past.侦探开始仔细调查嫌犯的过去。dig into [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (press into)陷入；勒进David's trousers were too tight and the waistband was digging into him.戴维的裤子太紧了，裤带勒进了肉里。dig [sth] into [sth] vtr phrasal sep (press into)把...插进；把...戳进Sally dug her hands into the soil.赛莉将双手插进土里。dig [sth] out, dig out [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (rediscover, produce)找出I dug out one of my old school reports.我找出了一份我过去学校的报告。dig [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (unearth, remove from the ground)掘出，挖出They dug up the body to get a DNA sample.他们挖出尸骸，提取DNA样本。dig [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative (uncover, reveal: a secret)揭露出The tabloids are constantly trying to dig up embarrassing facts about celebrities.八卦小报总是试图揭露出名人的尴尬事实。dip into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative, informal (read, sample briefly)浏览, 草草翻阅； (比喻)蜻蜓点水Whenever I have quarter of an hour to spare I like to dip into Saki's 'Collected Short Stories'.dip into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative, informal (savings: make use of) (存款)动用I'm so short of money at the moment that I keep having to dip into my precious savings.dish [sth] out, dish out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (serve: food) (食品)端上；提供Dish me out some mashed potatoes, please.dish [sth] out, dish out [sth] vtr phrasal sep slang, figurative (dispense: [sth] unpleasant) (指令人不快的事)对他人做某事；提供He can dish out the teasing but he can't take it.dish [sth] up, dish up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (provide) (比喻)提供；给出If you dish up the same old excuses, it is no wonder nobody believes you any more.dish up [sth] vtr phrasal insep (serve a meal) (食品)端上, 提供When I visit my mom, she always insists on dishing up a large plate of spaghetti for me.dispense with [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (do without)省去；不用We're all friends here - I think we can dispense with formalities.dispense with [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (get rid of)免除，省去；放弃；摆脱During the recession the company had to dispense with many employees.dispose of [sth] vtr phrasal insep (throw away)丢弃；扔掉After the funeral, we have a whole houseful of stuff to dispose of.葬礼结束后，我们有一屋子的东西要丢掉。dispose of [sth] vtr phrasal insep (get rid of)将…处理掉；消除The dealers tried to dispose of the evidence by flushing the drugs down the toilet.毒贩将毒品冲入下水道，企图毁灭证据。dispose of [sth] vtr phrasal insep (give away)把…送人Adam disposed of all his worldly goods before entering a monastery.在进入修道院前，亚当送出了他所有的财产。dispose of [sth] vtr phrasal insep formal (deal with conclusively)解决；处理好Let's dispose of this matter once and for all.让我们彻底地处理好这件事。dive into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (undertake enthusiastically) (比喻)热切地着手做某事；全身心投入I couldn't wait to dive into my favorite author's latest book.divide [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (distribute fairly, share out)分配；分发They were lost and the first priority was survival, so they divided out their food and water among themselves equally.divide [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (apportion)分配The thieves divided up the proceeds of the robbery before fleeing the country.；divvy [sth] up, divvy up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (divide, share out)瓜分；分发How will we divvy up the spoils?do away with [sth] vtr phrasal insep slang (eliminate, get rid of) (俚语)摆脱；消除，排除，废除To improve the overall quality of our milk, we wanted to do away with the use of antibiotics on our cows.为了提升牛奶的总体质量，我们想废除在奶牛身上使用抗生素的做法。do [sth] in vtr phrasal sep UK, slang (injure)在...时伤到了；在...中...受伤I did my ankle in playing tennis.do [sth] out vtr phrasal sep informal (decorate)装饰…do [sth] out in [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (decorate)以...装饰...do [sth] over vtr phrasal sep (redo, do again)重做The report was a mess, and the boss made me do it over.报告一塌糊涂，老板命令我重做。do [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (redecorate) (非正式用语)修缮, 修饰Mike is doing up the house in order to sell it.为了卖掉房子，迈克正在进行修缮。do [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (zipper, buttons: fasten) (非正式用语)扣上, 系紧Do up your buttons; it's freezing outside.把扣子扣上，外面特别冷。do [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (garment: fasten) (衣服)扣好，系好Come on honey, let grandma do up your coat.快点，亲爱的，让奶奶帮你扣好大衣。do without [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (endure not having)没有…将就；离开...过活James can't do without his morning coffee, so he has bought himself an espresso machine.詹姆斯无法做到早上不喝咖啡，所以他给自己买了一台浓缩咖啡机。dole out [sth], dole [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (distribute)少量地发放The pittance that they dole out wouldn't keep a dog alive.；double [sth] back vtr phrasal sep (fold back)将...折起来double down on [sth] vi phrasal + prep mainly US, figurative (become more stubborn about [sth])在…上加倍努力；在...方面更加执着When the interviewer questioned her, she doubled down on her support for the President.采访者质疑她时，她更为坚定支持总统。drag [sth] down vtr phrasal sep figurative (lower the status, reputation of)使（名声、地位等）下降Marrying that reprobate will certainly drag down her reputation.drag [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (cat: bring indoors) (指猫)把…拖进来；将...捉回家Last night Tiddles dragged in three voles, a mouse and half a woodpecker.昨天晚上咪咪捉了三只田鼠、一只家鼠和只有一半的啄木鸟回来。drag [sb] into [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (involve [sb] in [sth])把...拖下水；使...卷入drag [sth/sb] off vtr phrasal sep (carry away)把…拖走drag [sth] out vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (prolong)拖延Let's not drag out the meeting any longer than it has to be.让我们不要将会议拖得太久了。drag [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (old subject: raise again)旧话重提；重新提起（令人不快的往事）Did you have to drag up her infidelity?draw from [sth] vtr phrasal insep (takes, gets ideas from) (灵感等)从…中获取, 从…中借鉴；从...中汲取This biography draws from a wealth of historical texts.draw ahead of [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (gradually pass [sb/sth])领先draw [sth] down, draw down [sth] vtr phrasal sep mainly US (military: reduce number of troops)撤军The army will gradually draw down the troops in the war-torn region this year.draw [sth] down, draw down [sth] vtr phrasal sep mainly US (deplete: supplies) (物资)耗尽draw on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (resources: use) (事物)利用，使用Henrietta drew on her experience as a hockey captain when asked to lead the project.亨丽埃塔应要求担任了这个项目的领导角色，在工作中，她利用了之前当冰球队长时获得的经验。draw [sth] out, draw out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (prolong)拖延；拖长I signed up for a Masters course because I wanted to draw out being a student for as long as possible.我报了一个硕士课程，因为我想尽可能延长我的学生生涯。draw [sth] out, draw out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (elicit)套出某事；引人开口讲述The psychiatrist drew out her long-buried secrets.精神病医生让她说出了埋藏已久的秘密。draw [sb/sth] out, draw out [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep (lure, esp. out of hiding) (尤其是从藏身之处)引…出来The pest control technician used smoke to draw out the wasps.害虫防治技术员使用烟雾来引出黄蜂。draw [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (draft, plan out)草拟；拟订It is desirable that any important legal documents be drawn up by a qualified solicitor.我们希望由合格律师起草任何重要法律文件。draw [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (pull forward)把…拉近；拉Draw up a chair and I'll show you my holiday pictures.拉把椅子过来，我给你看我的度假照片。draw [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (pull upwards)把…向上抬；把…向上拉She drew her knees up to her chest and lay there in a foetal position.她将膝盖贴在胸前，似胎儿一样躺在那里。draw upon [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (use as source or resource)利用To pass the final exam, the students must draw upon everything they have learned in the course.要想通过最终测验，学生们必须利用课堂所学的全部内容。dream [sth] up, dream up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (invent: [sth] outlandish)凭空设想；空想How did you ever dream up a silly idea like that?dredge [sth] up, dredge up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (uncover: facts, information) (比喻)揭露，发掘，挖出Try to dredge up something from his past that we can use against him.dredge [sth] up, dredge up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (mention: [sth] unpleasant) (比喻，指不愉快的事)提及；重提I wish you wouldn't dredge up the past every time we have an argument.dress [sb] down for [sth] vtr phrasal sep US, informal (scold)因...而斥责；因...而训斥dress [sb] down for doing [sth] vtr phrasal sep US, informal (scold)因...而斥责；因...而训斥My boss dressed me down for being rude to the client.dress up as [sth/sb] vi phrasal (in costume)打扮成；装扮成My son likes to dress up as a pirate.我儿子喜欢打扮成海盗的样子。dress [sth] up, dress up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (embellish, enhance)修饰；添枝加叶地加工The film director dressed up the story to make the characters more appealing to the audience.电影导演对故事进行修饰来让角色更吸引观众。drift from [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (digress or be distracted from)偏离He seemed to be unsure of the point of his speech and drifted from the topic regularly.drift into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (gradually become involved in)不知不觉地卷入；渐渐被牵扯到I drifted into teaching after I failed my exams to become a doctor.drill down through [sth] vi phrasal + prep (computing: go through lower data levels) (数据)钻取；细分drill down through [sth] vi phrasal + prep US, figurative (focus on)将注意力集中在…上；将精力集中在…上drill up through [sth] vi phrasal + prep (computing: go through higher data levels) (计算机)通过...向上钻取drink [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (beverage: finish quickly)把…一饮而尽，把…一口喝下I know the medicine tastes bad, but drink it down and then you can have some candy.drink [sth] in vtr phrasal sep figurative (absorb attentively) (比喻)陶醉于，沉醉于The lecture was fascinating and the audience drank in every word.drink [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (beverage: finish)喝光；喝完Drink up your juice - it's time to go.；drive [sth] down vtr phrasal sep figurative (force to decrease)压低The current economic crisis will drive down house prices.drive [sth] forward vtr phrasal sep figurative (propel)推进The new legislation was driven forward by fears of mass immigration.drive [sth] forward vtr phrasal sep (vehicle: steer ahead)向前开...drive into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (enter: in a vehicle)开车进入；驶入You will receive a ticket when you drive into the parking garage.drive into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (crash: a vehicle)开车撞上The drunk driver drove into a wall.drive [sth/sb] out vtr phrasal sep (force to leave)赶走；驱逐出去The natives were driven out of their villages by the foreign invaders.当地居民被外来侵略者赶出了自己的村庄。drive [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative (price: cause to rise) (价格)使…上涨，抬高…Demand for housing is driving house prices up.对住房的需求正在推动房价上涨。drone on about [sth] vi phrasal + prep (talk boringly about [sth])喋喋不休地说；唠叨Clive was droning on about his problems at work.drop around, also UK: drop [sth] round vtr phrasal sep informal (bring [sth])把...带来As you'll be passing my house anyway, could you drop that paperwork around?反正你要经过我家，能不能顺便把那份文件带来？drop by [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (pay a casual visit to)去Could you please drop by the pharmacy and pick up my medication?你能顺道到药房去拿下我的药吗？drop [sth] off, drop off [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (take [sth] somewhere)把…放在；把…送到Don't forget to drop the keys off at your mother's before you go.你走之前别忘了把钥匙送到你妈妈家。drown [sth/sb] out vtr phrasal sep (be louder than) (声音)压过，压倒，盖倒； (声音)淹没The helicopter drowned out the screaming of the people below.drum [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (instill by repetition)将…反复灌输进去；填鸭般灌输The teacher made her pupils recite their seven times table over and over to drum it in.drum [sth] into [sb] vtr phrasal sep (instill by repetition)向…反复灌输…，向…反复讲述…The teacher was trying to drum the information into the students.drum up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (obtain or produce)引起；鼓吹；鼓动The company ran lots of TV commercials to drum up interest in their product.那家公司投放了大量的电视广告来引起顾客对产品的兴趣。dry [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (make dry)弄干；使...干燥After he dropped his cell phone in the pool, he dried it off using a blow dryer.dry out [sth], dry [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (make dry)干透；变干Overcooking meat dries it out.肉煮时间太长会干的。duck out of [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (leave secretly) (非正式用语)偷偷离开；悄悄溜走She managed to duck out of the lecture without anyone seeing her.duck out of [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal, figurative (avoid inclusion) (非正式用语)巧妙地避开；逃避He would often try to duck out of his boss's motivational meetings.dumb [sth] down vtr phrasal sep informal (present in less educated way) (非正式用语)把…简单化You may need to dumb down your presentation for this audience.为照顾这群听众，你可能需要将演讲内容简单化。dummy [sth] up, dummy up [sth] vtr phrasal sep US, informal (create a model of [sth], falsify)伪造；假造；dust [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (wipe clean)把灰尘从...上掸掉dust [sth] down vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (use: [sth] neglected) (比喻)从箱底拿出；长期搁置后重新使用dust [sth] off, dust off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (wipe or brush clean)掸去；掸干净Just dust off the car; we don't have time to wash it.我们没时间洗车了，掸掸干净就行。dust [sth] off, dust off [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (use after a long period) (非正式用语)长期搁置后重新使用； (比喻)把...从箱底拿出来Dust off your shoulder pads - the '80s are coming back!快把垫肩从箱底拿出来，80年代风格又流行回来了！earth [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (cover with earth)把…用土埋起来It's time to earth up the potatoes.earwig on [sth] vtr phrasal insep UK, informal (eavesdrop on, listen in to)偷听；窃听ease [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (install or insert gently)使（新人）逐渐熟悉工作等；潜入；悄悄进入Open the battery compartment and ease the battery in.ease into [sth] vi phrasal figurative (get into easily)轻松进入The top seed eased into the semi-finals with a straight-sets victory.ease off [sth] vtr phrasal insep (reduce pressure on)减少；渐渐消退To slow the car down gradually, ease off the gas pedal.ease [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (remove gently or slowly)把…悄悄赶走；（使）悄然离开Doris gently eased the cork out of the wine bottle.eat [sth] away, eat away [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (gnaw at, erode)锈蚀；腐蚀The chalk cliffs are being eaten away slowly by the action of the sea.eat away at [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep informal, figurative (worry)烦扰Raskolnikov's crime ate away at his peace of mind and, ultimately, his soul.eat away at [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (erode)侵蚀；腐蚀The river eats away at the sand banks every time there's a flood.eat into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (use or consume part of)侵蚀，腐蚀；消耗，吞噬；令人难过，不安Increasing costs are eating into the company's profits.eat [sth] up, eat up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (consume food completely)吃光；把…全吃完If you eat up all your vegetables, you can have dessert.如果你吃光了蔬菜，你就能吃甜点。eat [sth] up, eat up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (consume in great quantities)（大量）消耗That new printer eats up our paper supplies at an alarming rate.那台新的打印机以惊人的速度消耗着我们的储备纸张。eat [sth] up, eat up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (enjoy)很享受；为…感到高兴Everyone was praising him for a job well done and he was eating it up.所有人都在赞扬他工作做得很好，他也很享受。eat [sth] up, eat up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (believe)完全相信；全盘接受He lied about everything but he was so charming about it that she ate it up.他满嘴谎话，却因为把谎言说得迷人动听，她就全盘接受了。echo back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (computing: relay or send to) (计算机)对…做出应答echo back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (recall, bring to mind)想起..., 记起...The band's latest album echoes back to the cheerful uptempo music of their first album twenty years ago.edge away from [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (distance yourself)（因为怕羞而）避开；躲开I tried to edge away from the drunk man on the bus.edge [sb] out, edge [sth] out, edge out [sb], edge out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (displace, remove)取代…，挤掉...edit [sth/sb] out vtr phrasal sep (remove from text, film)（从文本中）删掉；划掉Following legal advice, the publisher edited out a number of passages in the text.eke [sth] out, eke out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (money, food: use sparingly)节省；小心使用；省着用They had to eke out their food rations so they would last a whole week.他们不得不节省自己分配到的食物，以便撑过一周。empty [sth] out, empty out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (container, pockets: take out contents)倒空；清空We emptied out the entire bottle of red wine.；encroach upon [sth], encroach on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (property: trespass) (房产)非法侵入encroach upon [sth], encroach on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (rights: infringe) (权利)侵犯encroach upon [sth], encroach on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (infringe on land) (土地)侵占Their oak tree has begun to encroach on my property.end up with [sth] vi phrasal + prep (have eventually)最终落得…下场；最后居然I would never have gone skydiving if I'd known I was going to end up with a broken leg.要是我知道最后会摔断一条腿，我就不会去跳伞了。enlarge upon [sth], enlarge on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (go into more detail about)详述；进一步阐述In this book, the author enlarges upon some topics she mentioned briefly in her previous book.equate to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be equal)等同于Wealth doesn't equate to moral authority.even [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (make flatter or smoother)使...平坦；使...光滑even [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (make more balanced or equal)使…更平衡或更均衡even [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (make balanced, fair)使…平衡；experiment with [sth] vtr phrasal insep (try, experience: drugs, etc.)尝试；试用；试验explain [sth] away vtr phrasal sep (account for)为某事辩解face [sth/sb] down, face down [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep (overcome by confronting)压倒；降服I faced down my attacker and he ran away.face up to [sth] vi phrasal + prep colloquial (acknowledge: [sth] unpleasant)正视You need to face up to reality, and deal with the matter swiftly.你需要正视事实，并且迅速处理问题。factor [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (include in calculation)把…计算在内We forgot to factor in the cost of air conditioning.factor [sth] into [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (include)在...中包括；在...中考虑到factor [sth] out, factor out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (exclude from a calculation)析出因数factor [sth] out, factor out [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (exclude)将…剔除掉；将...排除fade in on [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep (camera: show gradually)渐显...fade in on [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep (viewer: see gradually appear)逐渐看见At the opening of the movie, we fade in on a scene of a family at the dinner table.fall on [sth/sb], fall upon [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (attack, assault)袭击The group of men fell on Pete, punching and kicking him.一群人袭击了皮特，对他拳打脚踢。fall on [sth], fall upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (eat hungrily)狼吞虎咽I could tell by the way the homeless man fell upon the burger that he hadn't eaten all day.我从这个流浪汉狼吞虎咽的样子就可以看出他一天都没吃过东西。fall on [sth], fall upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (opportunity: grab enthusiastically) (机会)激动地抓住Being a huge fan of the band, Stella fell upon the chance to see them in concert.作为这个乐队的超级粉丝，斯特拉拿到了看他们演唱会的机会。fall across [sth] vtr phrasal insep (find [sth] by chance) (指物)偶然找到；碰巧找到fall away from [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (abandon)抛弃；背弃；离弃As he got older he fell away from the church.fall back on [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep informal, figurative (resort to, rely on)转而依靠；求助于；向…求助Whenever I am in trouble, I know that I can always fall back on my friends and family.无论何时我身陷困境，我知道我总是能向朋友和家人求助。fall in with [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (accept: plan, idea)同意；赞成She is convinced that everyone will fall in with her plan once they understand it.fall into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be categorized as)被归类为；属于The reform bill falls into the category of well-intentioned but ultimately misguided projects.这套改革法案属于那种本意良好、最终走偏的项目。fall on [sb/sth], fall upon [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (attack)袭击…；攻击…The two men fell on their victim as he was walking down the street.fall on [sth], fall upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (food: eat eagerly) (食物)扑向…The man fell on the crust of bread as though he had not eaten for days.fall out over [sth] vi phrasal + prep (quarrel because of)为了…争吵；因为…争吵Ian and Gavin fell out over a girl and haven't spoken to each other for a month.伊恩和加文因为一个女孩闹翻了，已有一个月没说过话了。fall under [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be categorized within)属于…；归入…类fall under [sth] vtr phrasal insep (come within control, jurisdiction of)属于…的管辖范围；归…负责The crime of desertion falls under the jurisdiction of the military justice system.fall within [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be classified under)归为…fall within [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be included in)在…内All of your vital sign readings fall within the normal range for your age.farm out [sth], farm [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (subcontract)把...外包出去；招人承包...He just made the units and farmed out the maintenance to a subcontractor.fatten [sth] up, fatten up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (feed animal for slaughter)养肥The farmer fattened up the pig and sold it at the local market.fatten [sth] up, fatten up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (increase depth of sound) (声音)使...浑厚；增加...厚度The engineers fattened up the sound of the track in the studio.fear for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (worry about the loss of)为…担心，为…担忧feast on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (eat with pleasure)享用…feast upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep (eat with pleasure) (食品)尽情享用；尽情享受；feed back into [sth], feed back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (affect in turn)反作用于；反馈于The results of the student survey feed back into future teaching practices.学生调查的结果能够反过来指导未来的教学实践。feed into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (help to perpetuate)导致，助长Too much praise really feeds into his need for constant approval from others.feed off [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (thrive thanks to)因…而得到滋养The band fed off the energy of the crowd.观众的热情点燃了乐队的激情。feed on [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (eat [sth]) (生物)吃…生存，以…为食The tabloid newspapers feed on scandal.feed [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (fatten: an animal)养肥（动物）；供给（动物）食物They would feed up their cattle before sending them for slaughter.在将牛群送去屠宰之前，他们会先将牛群养肥。feel [sth] out, feel out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (ascertain nature of situation)试探…；摸清…The President travelled to the provinces to feel out the mood of the people.fence [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (animals: confine) (动物)用围栏把…围起来fence [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (area: enclose) (区域)把…围起来They fenced in the yard in the hope of keeping foxes away from their chickens.fence [sth] off, fence off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (partition with fence)用围栏隔开…fend [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (defend yourself against [sth])抵挡；抵御；抵抗The politician fended off the interviewer's accusations of fraud.政客对采访人员关于欺诈的指控予以回击。fend [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (avoid [sth])规避；避免The manufacturers hope to fend off stricter government regulation.制造商希望规避更加严格的政府监管。ferret [sth] out, ferret out [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (find by searching)搜寻出；侦查出The reporter was known for her uncanny ability to ferret out a story.这位记者以其搜寻新闻的出众能力而闻名。fess up to [sth], 'fess up to [sth] vi phrasal + prep slang, abbreviation (admit)承认fiddle around with [sth], also UK: fiddle about with [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (play absent-mindedly with)心不在焉地拨弄She fiddled around with the things on her desk while I was talking.fiddle around with [sth], also UK: fiddle about with [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (alter or adjust unhelpfully)摆弄..., 捣鼓...He loved to fiddle about with old cars, but never actually fixed them up.fight back against [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep (try to combat)抵抗；反击fight back against [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep figurative (try to combat)反抗；回击fight for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (war: defend)为…而战斗My grandfather fought for his country in World War II.fight for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (struggle to attain)为…而奋斗；为…而抗争Black Americans had to fight for the right to vote.fight [sb/sth] off, fight off [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep (defend yourself from)击退；打败（对手）The 26-year-old woman bravely fought off her attackers with several kicks and punches.通过几次拳打脚踢，那名26岁的女性勇敢地击退了几个袭击者。fight [sb/sth] off, fight off [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (competition) (竞赛中)击退，打败（对手）Dannii fought off the competition to win the prize.达尼在竞赛中打败对手，赢得大奖。fight [sth] off, fight off [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (infection)抵抗（感染）Doctors are realizing that to successfully fight off sinus infection, medication alone isn't enough.医生们意识到要想成功抵抗鼻窦感染，光凭药物是不够的。fight over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (have a physical struggle for)争夺；争抢The players fought over the loose ball.fight over [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal, figurative (argue, quarrel)为…争吵；为…争执Let's not fight over who does the dishes tonight!figure on [sth] vtr phrasal insep mainly US, informal (expect, plan)打算vtr；想I figure on traveling around Europe when I'm through with college.我在计算出正确数额的当儿，请安静一点。figure [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (solve)算出；计算出How did you figure out that math problem?你是怎么算出那道数学题的？figure [sth] out vtr phrasal sep informal (understand)搞懂；理解；弄清楚He finally figured out why his car wouldn't start.他最后终于搞懂了为什么他的车子启动不了。figure [sth] up, figure up [sth] vtr phrasal sep US (calculate)计算；算出Figure up the total cost for the trip, and I'll pay you back.file [sth] away vtr phrasal sep (put in folder)把…归档；把…存档You should file away your receipts after a business trip.file [sth] away vtr phrasal sep figurative (keep in memory)记下；记住It was an interesting piece of information which he filed away for future reference.fill [sth] in, fill in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (complete: a form, blank) (在表格中)填写If you don't fill in every answer on the form, the inspector will be suspicious.如果你不把表格上的所有回答都填满，检查员会起疑心的。fill [sth] in, fill in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (details, information: provide in writing) (信息)填写Please fill in your name, address and email so we can get back to you.请填写您的姓名、地址和电子邮箱，以便我们与您联系。fill [sth] out, fill out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (complete: a form) (表格等)填写I am going to fill out an application for the job.我要去填写一份该工作的申请表。fill [sth] up, fill up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (make full) (汽油等)装满，加满； (水，淤泥等)塞满，积满Fill up your cup before they stop serving tea.在他们停止上茶之前，把你的杯子装满。fill [sth] up, fill up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (petrol tank: fill) (油箱)加满Alison filled up the petrol tank.艾莉森给油箱加满油。find [sth] out, find out that vtr phrasal sep (discover)发现，查明；明白，得知I just found out that my sister is pregnant.我才发现我妹妹怀孕了。find out about [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (learn about)了解关于…的情况I read his biography to find out about his life.为了解他的生平，我读了他的传记。find out about [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (learn news or truth of)了解，知道；搞清...的情况I have just found out about your mother; I'm so sorry for your loss.我刚知道你妈的情况，请节哀顺变。finish [sth] off, finish off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (complete, perfect)做完；完成Finish off the report before you go home.在你回家之前做完这份报告。finish [sth] off, finish off [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (consume all of)吃光；全部吃完John finished off his meal and then left the house.约翰吃光饭后便离开了家。finish [sb/sth] off, finish off [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (kill) (非正式用语)杀死；使疲惫不堪That 30-mile walk has just about finished me off.那30英里的步行已使我筋疲力尽了。finish [sth] off, finish off [sth] vtr phrasal sep slang (destroy, kill)毁灭The hitman was hired to finish off the mafia boss.那个杀手是被雇来干掉黑手党老大的。finish [sth] up, finish up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (complete)彻底完成；彻底结束I have to finish up my homework before going to the mall.finish [sth] up, finish up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (eat all of)吃完；吃光You have to finish up your vegetables before having dessert.fink out on [sth] vi phrasal + prep US, slang (break: a promise, deal)违背对某事的承诺；打破对某事的承诺fire [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (shot)开（火）；开（炮）；开（枪）The gunman fired off three shots before the police captured him.fire [sth] off vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (letter, e-mail: write and send quickly)恶狠狠地发出（电子邮件）；匆忙寄出（信件）Tom fired off an e-mail to the sales manager.fire [sth] off vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (rapid questions)机关枪似地问出一连串（问题）You fired off ten questions but didn't listen to the answers.fire up [sth], fire [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (start ignition of)点火, 点燃I pressed the starter button, fired up the engine, and took off into a cloudless blue sky.我按下启动按钮，发动引擎，飞向那万里无云的蓝天。fire up [sth], fire [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative (stimulate)使...兴奋；使...激动A walk through the forest on a chill day fires up my senses.在寒冷的日子里步行穿过森林让我感到兴奋。fire up [sth], fire [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative (start: computer system, etc.) (电脑)启动, 打开Lucie fired up her computer and clicked on the email icon.露西打开了电脑，点击了电子邮件图标。firm [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (make toned)使（肌肉）变结实You really need to firm up your muscles.firm [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (details: confirm)确定；敲定（合同的细节）The managing director is keen to firm the contract up.fish [sth] out vtr phrasal sep informal (retrieve, pick out)捞出, 取出, 拿出fish [sth] out of [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (retrieve, pick out)从...里捡出；从...中捞出He fished the twenty pound note out of the toilet.fish [sth] up vtr phrasal sep US (from the water)捞起fish [sth] up vtr phrasal sep US, figurative (dubious information)搜寻；捞取（信息等）I'll see if I can fish up any ideas for my next article.fit [sth/sb] in vtr phrasal sep (make room for)插入，放入I think we can fit one more in at this table.我觉得在这张桌子上我们还能再放一个。fit in with [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (be easily assimilated)适合…His lifestyle doesn't fit in with the group.他的生活习惯并不适合这个群体的人。fit into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (be well-suited or assimilated)适合，适应，融入；符合When Quinn moved to a new town, she immediately fit into her new high school.一搬去新的城镇，奎恩立马就融入了新的高中生活。fit out [sth], fit [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (equip)装配；配备；为…装备He fitted out the whole house with new furniture.他为整栋房子装配了新家具。fix on [sth] vtr phrasal insep US, informal (date, venue: choose) (选定时间、地点)确定，选定Have you fixed on a church for the wedding?fix up [sth], fix [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (repair, restore)修理, 修补, 翻新We'll fix up the living room with new curtains and a new rug. She fixed up her house in order to sell it.我们将用新窗帘和地毯来翻新起居室。为了卖房子，她将其修整了一番。flag [sb/sth] down, flag down [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep (stop by signalling: taxi, etc.)给信号使停下；挥手拦车It's hard to flag down a taxi during the rush hour. Julie was lost and had no signal on her phone; she had to flag down a passing car to ask for help.在上下班高峰时段很难叫到一辆出租车。朱莉迷路了，手机也没信号，她不得不拦下一辆过路的汽车寻求帮助。flash back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (show scene from past) (电影等)闪回到Suddenly the film flashed back to a scene from the main character's childhood.flee from [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (run away from, try to escape)从…逃离；逃走The criminals tried to flee from the police in a stolen car.flesh [sth] out vtr phrasal sep figurative (make more detailed)详细说明，详述，增添细节；充实； (比喻)让...有血有肉This report isn't convincing enough; can't you flesh it out with something from the internet?这篇报告不太具有说服力，你能从网上找些什么来填补细节吗？flick [sth] on, flick on [sth] vtr phrasal sep (turn on device) (设备)开启…，打开…fling [sth] off, fling off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (clothing: remove quickly) (衣物)快速脱去flip over to [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (change: TV channel)转到；跳转到I wasn't enjoying the film so I flipped over to the sports channel.我不喜欢看这部电影，所以我换到体育频道。flirt with [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (experiment with, try: [sth] risky)不严肃看待；不认真考虑Fred liked to flirt with death and enjoyed things like skydiving and cliff jumping.弗雷德不严肃看待死亡，并喜欢高空跳伞和悬崖跳水运动。fluff [sth] up, fluff up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (make appear fuller)使…蓬松fog [sth] up, fog up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (window, mirror: cover with steam) (窗户、镜子)使…起雾fold [sth] in, fold in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (cookery: stir in gently) (烹饪)拌入…，加入…When the eggs and butter are well mixed, fold in the flour.fold [sth] into [sth] vtr phrasal sep (cookery: stir gently into [sth])把...拌入...，调入Fold the egg whites into the batter with a whisk till they are thoroughly blended.fold [sth] up, fold up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (make smaller by creasing) (如纸张等)将…折起来Roger folded up the piece of paper and put it in his pocket.罗杰将那张纸折起来，放进了口袋里。fold [sth] up, fold up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (collapse for portability) (折叠桌等)将…折叠起来，把…折叠起来Fold up the table and put it in the truck, please.请把那张桌子折叠起来放进卡车。follow from [sth] vtr phrasal insep (come as a logical result)承接…；承…而来This logically follows from the given evidence.follow on from [sth] vi phrasal + prep (be the next step)接着；在...后继续This action follows on from the decision taken last month.上个月做出决策后，接着就进行了这项举措。follow [sth] out, follow out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (directions: carry out) (指示)遵照，贯彻，执行follow through with [sth] vi phrasal + prep (continue [sth] to completion)完成Sam is always making plans but she never follows through with any of them.萨姆总是在制定计划，但她从未将任何一个坚持做完。follow [sth] through vtr phrasal sep (continue [sth] to completion)完成A good manager ensures that their team is able to follow a project through.一个好的经理会确保他们的团队能够坚持完成一个项目。follow up on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (investigate)对…进行进一步调查；追查The detective followed up on the lead.侦探对这则线索进行进一步调查。fool around with [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (amuse yourself)拿…玩乐，拿…自娱Ben spent the afternoon fooling around with his new camera.fool with [sth] vtr phrasal insep slang (tamper or interfere with)乱摆弄When his car refused to start, he knew his son had been fooling with the engine.当他的汽车发动不了时，他就知道他儿子一直在乱摆弄发动机。fool with [sth] vtr phrasal insep slang (play with)玩弄, 捣鼓The kids were fooling with matches and accidentally set the house on fire.孩子们在玩火柴，一不小心把房子点着了。force [sth] down, force down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (eat with difficulty)勉强吃下…force [sth] down, force down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (airplane: force to land) (飞机)使…迫降force [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (expel, push out)驱逐, 把…赶走He didn't want to admit it, but he forced the words out.；forge ahead with [sth], forge on with [sth] vi phrasal + prep (do with determination)锐意进取；努力开拓Forge ahead with your life; don't let negativity get the better of you.fork out [sth] vtr phrasal sep slang (produce, hand over: money owed) (不情愿地)花钱；掏钱；付钱I can't believe we forked out two hundred bucks a ticket to see this lousy show.我真不敢相信我们花了两百美元买一张票，就是为了看这么一场糟糕的演出。fork [sth] over, fork over [sth], fork [sth] out, fork out [sth] vtr phrasal sep US, slang (hand over, give: money owed) (不情愿地)花钱；掏钱；付钱You've got the money you owe me, so fork it over!你已经拿到了欠我的钱，把钱交出来吧！foul [sth] up, foul up [sth] vtr phrasal sep slang (bungle)弄糟；搞坏；搞砸You have completely fouled up our business presentation.found [sth] on [sth] vtr phrasal sep (base on, build on a basis of)将…建立在…的基础之上Gandhi's movement was founded on the premise of non-violence.frame [sth] up, frame up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (create a frame for)给…装上框freak out about [sth] vi phrasal + prep slang (get angry about)为了…生气；为了…抓狂Dad freaked out about the mess which the kids had made in the kitchen.孩子们把厨房弄得一团糟，爸爸气坏了。free [sth/sb] up vtr phrasal sep informal (make [sth] available) (非正式用语)腾出来，空出来The rental company said all their cars were reserved, but they might be able to free up a sedan in the afternoon.租车公司说所有车都被预定了，不过他们可能在下午能腾出一辆轿车来。freshen [sth] up, freshen up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (refresh)使...焕然一新；翻新frighten [sb/sth] off vtr phrasal sep (scare away)把…吓跑；吓走Tina's clingy nature frightened off all potential boyfriends.fritter [sth] away, fritter away [sth] vtr phrasal sep (waste, squander)浪费You can't fritter away your time and expect to accomplish anything.front onto [sth] vtr phrasal insep (building, town: face)面向；朝着This house fronts onto the courtyard.frown on [sth/sb], frown upon [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep figurative (disapprove of)不赞成Teachers frown on students being late for class.Management frowns upon employees socializing at the water cooler.fry [sth] up, fry up [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (cook by frying)把…热一下，煎一下f*** [sth] up vtr phrasal sep vulgar, offensive, slang (spoil)损坏；毁坏，破坏；毁掉备注: A hyphen is used when the term is a nounI wish my parents would stop f***ing up my life!我希望父母不要再破坏我的人生了。f*** [sth] up vtr phrasal sep vulgar, offensive, slang (do badly)瞎弄；搞糟；搞砸She f***ed up the exam.她这次考试搞砸了。funnel down (into/through [sth]) vi phrasal (be channelled)灌入；导入；传导；输送funnel out (into [sth]) vi phrasal (be channelled out)输送出fuss over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (fret trivially about)对…过分焦虑；对…大惊小怪；对…过分担心Don't fuss over things that you can't control.fuss over [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (be overly attentive to)过分体贴；为...过分操心The little boy's mother fussed over him when he hurt himself.gad around [sth], gad about [sth] vtr phrasal insep (wander or travel around a place)游荡；闲逛We decided to gad around town for a while.我们决定在城里闲逛一阵。gain by [sth], gain by doing [sth] vtr phrasal insep (take advantage or profit by)通过…获得；赢得What have you got to gain by lying about it?gain upon [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (catch up with)赶上；逼近gas [sth] up, gas up [sth] vtr phrasal sep US, informal (vehicle: fill tank with petrol)给...加汽油，给…加油； (马来西亚，新加坡)为（汽车）添油，为（汽车）打油Anne gassed her car up on her way to work.gear [sth] down vtr phrasal sep US, figurative, informal (reduce, scale down)减弱, 降低With this economic crisis, we're going to have to gear down our business plans.由于经济危机，我们不得不放缓执行我们的商业计划。gear up for [sth] vi phrasal + prep (put on clothing, kit)为…换上行头The players were starting to gear up for the big game.参赛选手们已经开始为大赛换上行头。gear up for [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative, informal (mentally: get ready)为…做好心理准备I'm trying to gear up for my final exams on Monday.我正试着为周一的期末考试做好心理准备。gear up to do [sth] vi phrasal figurative, informal (increase work rate)提高效率以做某事This business needs to gear up to beat our competitors.这项业务需要提高效率以打败我们的竞争对手。gen up on [sth] vi phrasal + prep UK, informal (become informed about)了解；补习；做功课get across, get [sth] across vtr phrasal sep informal (convey)传达；向…讲清楚；使人了解He tried to get his point across but it was so convoluted, no one could understand.他试图传达自己的观点，不过实在太过复杂，没人能够理解。get ahead of [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (overtake)超过He ran faster and got ahead of his sister just as they reached the car.他跑得更快，并在抵达车子的时候超过了姐姐。get ahead of [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (be more successful)领先于；胜过；比…更为成功The firm developed a multimedia game system that allowed it to get ahead of its rivals.该公司开发了一种多媒体游戏系统使自己领先于竞争者。get along without [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (not need)缺少…而对付着；凑合着I can get along without luxuries in this economy.get around [sth], also UK: get round [sth] vtr phrasal insep (circumvent)绕道而行；绕开；规避You can't get around the problem by pretending it doesn't exist.你不能假装没有问题来回避。get around to [sth], also UK: get round to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (find time)抽出时间Bill eventually got round to the washing-up.get around to doing [sth], also UK: get round to doing [sth] vtr phrasal insep (find time)抽出时间做某事One of these days, I will get around to making the trip to Paris.get at [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (intend to say, imply) (非正式用语)想说，意指I don't understand what you are getting at.我明白你想说什么。get away from [sth] vtr phrasal insep (place: leave)离开It's great to get away from London sometimes.get away with [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (not be punished)逃脱…的惩罚；不受…处罚；逃避…责罚；逍遥法外The murderer got away with his hideous crime.犯下滔天罪行的谋杀犯却逍遥法外。get [sth] back, get [sth] back from [sb] vtr phrasal sep (have [sth] returned)取回；还给，交还给I took my watch to be repaired and I'll get it back on Tuesday.我把手表送去维修了，我会在周二的时候取回来。get [sth] back vtr phrasal sep (receive [sth] in return)取回；拿回When Sue does a favour for someone, she always expects to get something back.帮了别人的忙后，苏总是希望得到一些回报。get back at [sb] for [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (take revenge on)为某事向某人复仇；向某人报某事的仇get back to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (resume)恢复；继续；重新开始I'd love to talk more but I have to get back to my work now.我很想再聊会儿，不过我得继续工作了。get back to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (return)回到；返回It would be nice to get back to my hometown one day.要是有一天能回到我的家乡就好了。get behind [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep informal (support: a cause, etc.)支持, 赞助If you promise not to change your mind, I'll get behind your efforts to clean up the park.如果你保证不改变主意，我会支持你清理公园的活动。get by in [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (language: speak at a basic level) (一门外语)可用...勉强应付My French is really hopeless so I was glad to discover that I could get by in simple English in Paris. I speak English and Spanish, and can get by in Italian as well.我的法语真的没希望了，但我很高兴地发现我在巴黎能用简单的英语勉强应对。我能说英语和西班牙语，意大利语也勉强够用。get [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (write [sth] down)写下；记下When inspiration strikes, get the idea down before you forget it.灵感来的时候，在忘记前赶快记下来。get [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (swallow [sth])吞下；咽下A glass of water will help you to get those pills down.喝一杯水可以帮助你吞下那些药片。get down to [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (start)开始；着手办理Let's get down to the important matter of choosing our new chairperson.让我们开始着手挑选新主席吧，这才是重要的事。get hooked on [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative, slang (become addicted to [sth])对…上瘾He'd gotten hooked on the new video game.get in on [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (obtain a share in)参加；加入She's always trying to get in on the action.get in with [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep informal (start to associate with)与…开始交往；与...开始熟悉He got in with a bad crowd and started skipping school.get into [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (become interested in) (俚语)开始喜欢，开始对…有兴趣I can't get into this book because the first chapter is so boring.因为这本书的第一章太过乏味，所以我实在没办法喜欢上它。get into [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (discuss in detail)详细讨论；全面探讨get off [sth] vtr phrasal insep (alight: from train, etc.) (火车等)从…下来Here, it is common for passengers to thank the driver as they get off the bus.在这里，乘客下车时向司机道谢非常常见。get off on [sth] vi phrasal + prep slang (take pleasure in)享受；以…为乐趣He really gets off on seeing other people suffer.他以看到别人受苦为乐。get off with [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (lenient punishment)得到宽大处理He got off with just a warning.get off with [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (steal)偷走The boys were able to get off with an apple in each hand before the farmer chased them away.get on to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (progress to [sth])继续到；转至Let's get on to the next item on the agenda.get on with [sth] vtr phrasal insep (do without delay)赶快做Don't watch TV. Just get on with your homework!不要看电视了。赶快去做你的家庭作业！get onto [sth], get on to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (discuss)骑上（马等），登上（车等）；与…联系，接触；学会，掌握；察觉，发现（秘密等）My boss always becomes defensive when we get onto the subject of a pay rise.get out [sth], get [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (take [sth] from somewhere)拿走The man got out his phone to call for a taxi.那人拿出手机叫出租车。get out of [sth] vi phrasal + prep (extricate oneself from) (本义)从...逃走，从...逃离The children could not get out of the building because it was on fire.由于大楼着火，孩子们没有办法从楼内逃离。get out of [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative, informal (free yourself from an obligation) (非正式用语)避免承担…的责任； (责任、义务等)逃避，摆脱I need to get out of my meeting this afternoon because I have a doctor's appointment.The teenager tried to get out of his homework by pretending to be ill.我下午预约了要去看医生，所以得缺席会议了。// 那位青少年假装生病，想逃避做家庭作业。get out of [sth] vtr phrasal insep (exit a vehicle)下Audrey parked near the beach and got out of the car.奥黛丽把车停在沙滩附近，下了车。get over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (recover from)克服, 恢复I hope you get over your flu really quickly. By spring he had got over the virus which troubled him for much of the winter.我希望你的流感能很快好起来。到了春天，他已从冬天大部分时候困扰他的病毒中恢复过来。get over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (accept, believe: [sth] surprising) (出人意料的事)接受, 相信Paul is so gorgeous; I'm still trying to get over the fact that he asked me out.保罗太帅了。我仍在试着接受他要约我出去的事实。get past [sth] vtr phrasal insep (move beyond: an obstruction)从…边上过去；绕过The driver was unable to get past the roadblock.get past [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative, informal (recover from [sth] negative)纾解, 缓过来I couldn't get past my disappointment that the trip had been cancelled.get [sth] right vtr phrasal sep informal (be correct about)确保…正确，把…弄清楚Let me repeat it back to you to make it sure I got it right.get [sth] right vtr phrasal sep informal (do correctly)正确地去做…, 做对I practised the music over and over to be sure to get it right in the performance.为了确保在演出时能演奏好，我一遍又一遍地练习着这首曲子。get through [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (ordeal: survive)（想办法）通过（考验等）；尽力渡过（难关）The global recession has been tough on everyone, but we will get through it.全球经济衰退对所有人来说都很艰难，但我们会度过难关。get through [sth] vtr phrasal insep (work, task: complete) (工作，任务)完成I have so much work to get through this week—I don't know how I'm going to do it all! I still have more studying to get through before the exam.这个星期我有这么多的工作要做，我都不知道该怎么做了！而且考前我还有很多功课需要完成。get [sth] together vtr phrasal sep (items: collect)收集Ed got his belongings together ready to go home.艾德把他的东西收拾好准备回家。get under [sth] vtr phrasal insep (go underneath [sth])到…下面The dog dug a hole to get under the fence.get under [sth] vtr phrasal insep (reach underneath [sth])到了…下面It was raining and the damp got under the car bonnet.get under [sth] vtr phrasal insep (achieve lower score)达到…以下No matter how much I practice golf, I can't get under 85.get [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (summon: courage, etc.) (勇气)鼓起； (力气)使出I couldn't quite get up the courage to ask him on a date.我没能鼓足勇气约他出去。get up to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (do: [sth] mischievous) (常指不好的事情)做，干Katie has locked her bedroom door; what's she getting up to in there?凯蒂锁了卧室的门。她在里面干什么呢？get with [sth] vtr phrasal insep slang (grasp, appreciate)理解；明白；了解ginger [sth] up, ginger up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (make livelier or more exciting)使…活跃起来，使…更有活力Let's ginger up the office party by hiring a professional entertainer to host it.；give [sth] away vtr phrasal sep (make a gift)将…捐出去She put her old clothes in a bag and gave them away.她把旧衣服放进一个袋子然后将其捐了出去。give [sth] away vtr phrasal sep figurative (reveal)把…泄露出去When you tell a joke, you can't give away the punch line until the end.当你讲一个笑话的时候，不到最后，你都不能把包袱泄露出去。give [sth] back, give [sth] back to [sb] vtr phrasal sep (return: [sth] to [sb])归还，交还，还Did you give me back the pen I lent you? You took my sweater? Give it back!你还了我借你的笔了么？你拿了我的毛衣？还给我！give in to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (yield: to feeling, temptation) (感觉，诱惑)屈服于, 向…屈服The children wanted to stay up until midnight, but one by one, they gave in to sleep.孩子们想熬到半夜，但他们一个接一个地睡着了。give in to [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (submit, surrender)屈服于；向…投降After the last scandal, the mayor gave in to the pressure and resigned.上次丑闻发生后，市长迫于压力辞职了。give [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (emit: heat, smell)散发出；排出Judy gives off a strong smell of perfume when she passes by.当朱迪经过时，她身上撒发出一股强烈的香水味。give out [sth], give [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (heat, warmth: radiate) (热量)释放，发射，散发Stars give out heat and light.恒星发出热和光。give out [sth], give [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (distribute)分发；分派The teacher gives out the worksheets to the students.老师把练习题发给学生。give out, give out about [sth] vi phrasal + prep Irish, informal (complain about)抱怨；发牢骚Mary is always giving out about the noisy neighbours.玛丽总是抱怨那些吵闹的邻居。give over to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (yield to [sth], give in)忍不住…起来The little girls gave over to laughter when they saw the man slip and fall on a patch of ice.give [sb/sth] over to [sth] vtr phrasal sep (dedicate to, grant use of)把…交给…，允许…使用…备注: Often used in the passive.During the war, the university was given over to the hospital to make room for more patients.give [sth] up, give up doing [sth] vtr phrasal sep (stop trying)放弃；舍弃；不再努力I gave up trying to get them to believe me.我不再尝试让他们来相信我。give [sth] up, give up doing [sth] vtr phrasal sep UK (habit, addiction: quit)放弃；舍弃It'll be hard, but I'm going to try giving up chocolate for Lent.这很难，但我还是尝试为了大斋节戒掉巧克力。give up on [sth] vi phrasal + prep (abandon: a cause)放弃做某事You should never give up on your dreams.你永远都不应放弃你的梦想。glide through [sth] vtr phrasal insep (slide across or over)滑过glide through [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (do or undergo easily)轻松地做某事；轻松地度过gloss over [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (deal with superficially)潦草处理；对…敷衍了事The article merely glosses over the surface of this complex subject.gloss over [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (make [sth] look better)掩盖, 掩饰We'll have to encourage the media to gloss over some of the nastier issues.go to [sth] vi phrasal (resort: to [sth])诉诸于；通过They went to great effort to get here on time.他们费了好大劲才准时赶到这里。go about [sth] vtr phrasal insep (approach, tackle: a task)着手做；从事Isn't it time you went about fixing the broken table?How am I to go about painting the ceiling when I have no ladder?你该去修理那张破桌子了吧?没有梯子，我怎么粉刷天花板？go across [sth] vtr phrasal insep (cross, traverse)横穿过；跨过We sometimes go across the road for a drink at the pub.go after [sth] vtr phrasal insep (pursue)追求；追逐；攻读Mark is now going after a Master's degree in science.马克现在正在攻读理学硕士学位。go after [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (be next, follow)随后就到；下一个，紧接着In the alphabet, the letter B goes after the letter A.字母表内，字母B是字母A的下一个。go against [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (not comply with)违背；不遵守If you go against his wishes, he will make things difficult for you.go against [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (be in opposition to)反对；与…相对To go against the mob takes courage.go ahead of [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (lead, overtake)超过go along with [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (permit, consent to)许可，允许；同意，赞成I usually just go along with what she says to avoid any arguments.通常她说什么我就赞成什么，以避免发生争执。go along with [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (support, agree with)支持；同意；赞同Rachel is happy to go along with Harry's suggestion.瑞秋很乐意支持哈利的建议。go at [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (do energetically) (精神百倍或热情洋溢地)扑向Chris was hungrily going at his food.go back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (return to: a place)重回；回到I'd like to go back to Paris one day.总有一天我想要重回巴黎。go back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (revert) (恶习等)再度，重新开始，故态复萌Ted seems to have gone back to his bad habits of drinking and gambling.特德似乎再度开始他酗酒和赌博的恶习了。go back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (be in the past)追溯到That song goes back to the Second World War.那首歌可以追溯到第二次世界大战。go back over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (review, revise)复习，温习Mick is going over his notes to prepare for the exam.go back over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (events: recall) (事件)回想，回忆The police officer asked the witness to go back over what he had seen.go back over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (work: redo) (工作)重做The teacher asked Rosa to go back over her essay and correct the spelling mistakes.go beyond [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (exceed)超出；超越（预期等）To succeed, you must go beyond what the customer expects.go beyond [sth] vtr phrasal insep (travel further than)越过；穿越She went beyond the border.go by [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (move past)经过；路过The funeral procession went by the town hall.送葬队经过了市政厅。go down [sth] vtr phrasal insep (stairs, hill: descend) (楼梯、山)下If you go down these stairs, you'll find yourself in the basement.下了这些楼梯后，你就到了地下室。go down with [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (be defeated with [sb/sth])与…一起被打败，与…一起被打倒If our company goes down, our subsidiaries will go down with us.如果我们的公司垮掉了，那我们旗下的子公司也会同我们一道破产。go down with [sth] vtr phrasal insep (become ill)因…而病倒；感染上；染上Roger went down with flu.罗杰染上了流感。go easy on [sth] vi phrasal informal (use with moderation)适度；有节制go for [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (choose)选择She went for the blue car instead of the red one.她选择了蓝色的汽车而不是红色的。go for [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (attack)攻击；攻打Suddenly the dog went for him, snarling fiercely.那条狗突然向他扑去，拼命地叫嚷着。go for [sth] vtr phrasal insep slang (try to achieve)去争取；去试图赢得That athlete is going for the gold medal.那个运动员想要争夺金牌。go in for [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (tend to enjoy)喜欢, 偏爱, 对…有兴趣If you go in for thrillers, you'll love this book.如果你喜欢惊悚片的话，你会爱上这本书的。go in with [sth] vtr phrasal insep (have at start)开始时有We went in with three points on which we agreed.go into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (enter: a building, room)进入I went into the house.我走进了房子。go into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative, informal (discuss, explain [sth])详细论述It's a long story; let's not go into it right now.说来话长。现在我们先谈这个。go into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative, informal (pursue a career in [sth]) (职业，事业)从事Nina is studying Business Administration and plans to go into retail.尼娜正在攻读工商管理，打算从事零售业。go off [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep UK, informal (lose liking for) (非正式用语)对…失去兴趣I used to really like him, but since I heard about his strange habits I've gone right off him.我过去真的很喜欢他，但自从听说他那些古怪的爱好后，我对他完全失去了兴趣。go off with [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (steal [sth] and leave with it)拿走了…go on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (embark on, begin: a journey) (旅游、度假等)去I can't wait to go on this road trip.我等不及要开始这次公路旅行。go on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (visit: website) (网站)访问I went on the WordReference website to check the meaning of a word.我访问WordReference网站，查询一个单词的意思。go on about [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep UK, informal (talk unintelligibly about)嘟囔，含糊不清地说When my sister goes on about programming, I can't understand a word she is saying.我姐妹嘟囔着编程，但她说的我一个字也听不懂。go on about [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep UK, informal (talk incessantly about) (俚语)喋喋不休地说，无休止地说The teacher went on about the topic he had chosen regardless of the fact that many students were asleep.go on with [sth] vtr phrasal insep (continue to do, say)继续…I apologised for the interruption and he went on with his story.go over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (review in detail)仔细查看；检查For hours afterwards, she kept going over and over what he'd told her but it still made no sense.在那之后的几个小时里，她一遍又一遍地回想着他告诉她的话，但仍然不清楚他的意思。go over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (time: use more than allotted)超时；用时过多The first speaker went over his allotted time, putting the day's events behind schedule.第一位发言人超过了规定的时间，使当天的活动落后于计划安排。go over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (exceed, use more than allowed)超过；多于规定数量If your answer goes over the maximum number of words allowed, points will be deducted.如果答案超过了规定的最多字数，就会被扣分。go over to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (switch to)转向I went over to another cell phone provider because I didn't like the one I had been using.；go through [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (use up)用光；用完I went through all my clean clothes for the week!我这周所有的干净衣服都没了！go through with [sth] vi phrasal + prep (do as planned)完成；实行The city council is going through with its plans to widen the road.go without [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be deprived of, not have)不再有；失去A camel can go without water for a week.Personally, I can go without television.骆驼能坚持一周不喝水。就我自己而言，我可以不看电视。gobble [sth] down vtr phrasal sep informal (eat hungrily)狼吞虎咽They gobbled down their dinner.gobble [sth] up, gobble up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (eat hungrily)狼吞虎咽；大口地吃The way he gobbled up all that food, you would think he hadn't eaten for days.gobble [sth] up, gobble up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (use up rapidly)吞耗；吞噬The main problem with the program is that it gobbles up memory by the megabyte.goof [sth] up, goof up [sth] vtr phrasal sep US, slang (bungle)犯错误备注: A hyphen is used when the term is a noun.grasp at [sth] vtr phrasal insep (try to grab)试图抓住；努力抓住John grasped at the rim of the pool as his friends tried to pull him away.约翰努力抓住泳池边缘，而他的朋友则试图将他拉开。grasp at [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (seize opportunity) (机会等)抓住，把握Kyra grasped at the opportunity to represent her school at the undergraduate research conference.凯拉抓住机会，代表学校出席本科研讨会。grasp for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (try to grab)迫切地试图抓住；急切地寻求gray [sth] out (US), grey [sth] out (UK) vtr phrasal sep (computing: disable) (计算机)使…呈现灰色而禁用grind away at [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative, informal (work laboriously at)全力做某事；奋力做某事Tom ground away at his job for years to pay off his house.grind [sth] down, grind down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (make into powder)磨碎The builder uses a power tool to grind down the stone.grind out [sth], grind [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (extinguish: a cigarette, etc.) (香烟等)摁灭He ground out the stub of his cigarette in an ashtray.grind out [sth], grind [sth] out vtr phrasal sep figurative (produce in routine manner)例行公事地做Politicians go on grinding out the same old platitudes.grind [sth] up, grind up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (make into powder)把…磨成粉grow into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (become when mature)渐渐成长为If it survives, a tadpole will grow into a frog.grow into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (get better at a [sth])变得熟练；变得有经验I'm finding the new job rather difficult at the moment, but I'm hoping to be able to grow into it as time goes by.grow into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (become big enough for: clothing) (衣物等)长大能穿grow [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (hairstyle: allow to lengthen)留长发Last year I cut my hair very short, but now I am letting it grow out.去年我把头发剪得很短，不过现在我又开始留长发了。grow out of [sth] vtr phrasal insep (clothing: outgrow)由于长大而不适于Children at that age grow out of their clothes so quickly.那个年龄的孩子很快就穿不下衣服了。grow out of [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (habit: outgrow) (习惯)因长大而改掉，因长大而消失Richard grew out of the habit of sucking his thumb.理查德逐渐改掉了吮拇指的习惯。grow out of [sth] vtr phrasal insep (originate, develop)源于；来自The idea grew out of discussions between leading organizations in the environment sector.环境领域的主要组织讨论后产生了这个想法。guard against [sth] vtr phrasal insep (prevent)保护，保卫；防御，防卫Wear a sunhat to guard against sunburn.gum [sth] up, gum up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (ruin [sth])搞乱，搞砸Hallie really gummed this whole project up when she decided to give the boss our plan before we had a chance to revise it.我们还没来得急修改，海莉就决定把计划上交给老板，她真的把整个项目都搞砸了。gum [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (cause [sth] not to operate properly)使...出乱子；弄糟Orange juice has gummed up the toy's gears.橙汁弄坏了玩具的齿轮。hack away at [sth] vi phrasal + prep (keep chopping at [sth])劈；砍The loggers hacked away at the conifers.hack away at [sth] vi phrasal figurative (decrease [sth] over time)不断减少hack [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (sever)砍掉；切断；砍下The polar explorer hacked off his gangrenous finger with a penknife.极地探险者用小刀切下了他那生了坏疽的手指。hack [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (cut up, chop)劈；剁The cook hacked up the meat into several pieces.hack [sth] up vtr phrasal sep slang (bring up by coughing)把…咳出来I'm so glad I've never smoked after seeing what he's just hacked up.hack [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (computing: modify quickly) (计算机)快速建立，快速修改hail from [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be from, come from)自…来；来自His grandfather hailed from Greece.ham [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (be ridiculous, draw attention)夸张地表演；过火地表现hammer at [sth] vtr phrasal insep (bang repeatedly)反复敲打Joanne hammered at the door to get John's attention.hammer away at [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal, figurative (persist)锲而不舍；不懈努力If you want to finish your novel, you need to just hammer away at it every day.hammer [sth] down, hammer down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (UK, sell at a auction)拍卖出售hammer [sth] in, hammer in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (nail: bang with a hammer) (钉子等)用力敲入I hammered in a nail to hang the picture on.hammer [sth] in, hammer in [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (instil by repetition)反复灌输She meticulously reviewed her flashcards to hammer in the new vocabulary words before her exam.hammer [sth] out, hammer out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (beat: a rhythm)开始演奏；弹奏出The drummer hammered out a rhythm and the band began to play.hammer [sth] out, hammer out [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (work hard to negotiate)经详细讨论做出, 仔细推敲出Though they had differing viewpoints, John and Sally hammered out a compromise.hand [sth] back, hand back [sth] vtr phrasal sep (return, give back)递回；交还The immigration official handed back the passport without comment. The teacher handed back the corrected exams.移民官员没有任何评论，就把护照还给了他。老师把批改好的试卷发了回来。hand [sth] down, hand down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (pass on to a successor)把…传下去；流传Before I die, I will hand down to you, my son, my entire estate.我的儿子，在我死之前，我会将王位传给你。hand [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (submit) (作业、试卷等)交The students handed in their assignments to the teacher.学生们向老师交了作业。hand [sth] off, hand off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (American football: pass to opponent)给球The quarterback handed off the ball to the running back.四分卫把球传给跑卫。hand [sth] off, hand off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (project: pass to [sb] else)送给；传送给；传递给The editor handed off the final text to the printers.编辑把最后的文稿交给印刷商。hand [sth] on, hand on [sth] vtr phrasal sep (pass on, transmit)传递I always hand on my favourite books to my sister.我总是把最喜欢的书传给妹妹。hand [sth] out, hand out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (distribute)分发；散发；派发Volunteers in Haiti are handing out food and water to earthquake victims.海地的志愿者们正在向地震受灾人员分发食物和水。hand [sth] over, hand over [sth] vtr phrasal sep (object: give, relinquish)交出，让出；送交，递交，移交The police officer persuaded Taylor to hand the knife over.警察说服泰勒交出刀。hand [sth/sb] over, hand [sb/sth] over vtr phrasal sep figurative (territory, child: surrender)交出Damascus has given the kidnappers of eight Syrian workers until Tuesday to hand the hostages over.大马士革要求绑架八名叙利亚工人的绑匪在星期二前交出人质。hang on to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (retain, keep)保留, 保有These old books are worthless, but I hang on to them because they remind me of my childhood.hang on to [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (cling to)紧握住；紧紧抓住The slope was so steep and slippery that I had to hang on to a tree to avoid falling.hang on to [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (attend very closely to)仔细注意；密切留意hang [sth] up, hang up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (suspend from a high place)挂起The children hung up their coats at the back of the classroom.孩子们将自己的外套挂在教室后面。hang [sth] up, hang up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal, US (delay, impede) (非正式用语)耽搁，延误The car accident near the highway off-ramp hung up traffic for several hours.高速公路匝道口附近的车祸使整个交通耽搁了数小时。hang upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep (depend on)取决于；有赖于Success or failure hangs upon this one small detail.happen by [sth] vtr phrasal insep (chance upon)偶然遇到Whilst in town, I happened by a photographic store and bought myself a new digicam.happen on [sth/sb], happen upon [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep dated, literary (find, encounter)偶然发现；偶然遇到I happened on an interesting article about Cuba in the newspaper.hark back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (recall the past)提醒；令人想起James is always harking back to what he calls "the good old days".hark back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (be like [sth] from the past)与过去的...相似The story harks back to the ancient epics.harp on about [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (talk incessantly about [sth])喋喋不休；唠唠叨叨harp on [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (talk incessantly about [sth])喋喋不休地说；唠叨；絮聒The politician keeps harping on his opponent's age.hash [sth] out, hash out [sth], hash [sth] over, hash over [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (negotiate, discuss [sth])充分讨论后决定；仔细商量后决定Peter and Frank hashed out their differences and are friends again. Ella and I have finally hashed out the details of our business plan.彼得与弗兰克仔细讨论，求同存异，又成了朋友。艾拉和我在充分讨论后，终于将我们的商业计划细节定下来了。haul [sth] around vtr phrasal sep (carry: [sth] heavy or cumbersome) (重物等)拖We will leave our luggage at the hotel, as we don't want to have to haul it around with us all day.haul away [sth], haul [sth] away vtr phrasal sep (transport away, esp. by truck) (尤指用卡车)将...运走haul away [sth], haul [sth] away vtr phrasal sep (carry, pull away)将...带走；将...运走haul [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (transport [sth] large to a place) (尤指大型物品)运送；运输haul in [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (obtain a large quantity)囤积…have at [sth] vtr phrasal insep slang (undertake enthusiastically)积极投入，努力从事have [sth] done vtr phrasal sep (command)完成…Have it done by noon.have [sth] on vtr phrasal sep UK, informal (have planned)有...的计划I've got nothing on tonight, so I could meet you for a drink, if you like.have [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (resolve through discussion)通过谈论来解决We need to have it out about your girlfriend.head for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (go towards, go to)走向；朝…方向走To find the party, head for the noise!要想找到派对，就朝吵闹的方向走！head [sth] off, head off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (redirect by blocking path)拦截；阻拦He tried to head off the charging bull by closing the gate.他试图通过关上大门来拦截那头猛冲过来的牛。head [sth] off, head off [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (avert, prevent)阻止；阻挠With torrential rain forecast, emergency measures have been put in place to try to head off a disaster.预报有暴雨，紧急措施已经到位，以防止灾难的发生。head toward/towards [sth] vtr phrasal insep (go in direction of)向…走去；向…进行；向…发展We last saw them heading toward Los Angeles.head [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (lead)领导，领头，领队Rick was chosen to head up the band, perhaps because he played the drums so well.也许是因为里克鼓打得很好，因此他被选为乐队领队。heap [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (form into pile)聚积；累积；堆积hear about [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (learn latest news)听说；知道关于…的消息Did you hear about the earthquake in Japan?hear of [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be told about [sth])得知…；听说…；获悉…If I hear of any jobs opening up I will let you know.如果我获悉任何职位空缺的消息，我就会通知你。heat [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (food: warm through) (食物)加热I'll heat up your dinner whenever you get home.只要你一回家，我就给你热晚餐。heave [sth] up, heave up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (vomit food)呕吐；吐出hedge [sth/sb] in vtr phrasal sep (enclose, surround)将…围起来；包围help [sth/sb] along vtr phrasal sep (give assistance to)有助于发展；促进hem [sb/sth] in, hem in [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep (confine, enclose)包围；围住Troops were dispatched to hem in the enemy, until artillery could be brought up to pound them into submission.hew to [sth] vtr phrasal insep US (adhere, conform to)坚持；遵守The politician has promised to hew to the wishes of her constituents.这位政治家承诺遵从选民的意愿。hide [sth] away vtr phrasal sep (keep concealed)将…藏起来According to legend, the pirates hid the treasure away, but nobody knows where.hide behind [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (use to conceal yourself)躲在...后面His friends, who were all hiding behind the door, leaped out and shouted "Surprise!"hide behind [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep figurative (use as excuse)以...为借口；假借...之名She always hid behind her intellect so as not to show her emotional vulnerability.hike [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (clothing: pull up) (将身上所穿衣物等)向上挪动, 向上拉动Peter told his son to hike up his pants before they went into the restaurant.彼得告诉他儿子在进饭店前把裤子提一提高。hike [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (prices, interest rates) (物价、利率)飞涨, 提高The banks hiked the interest rates up.银行提高了利率。hike [sth] up, hike up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (raise or lift quickly)向上移, 向上升She was such a flirt, always hiking up her dress whenever a handsome man would walk by.hike [sth] up, hike up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (prices, interest rates) (价格等)涨，上涨；上调，调高The store just hiked up its prices by 20%, due to increasing costs.hinge on [sth], hinge upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (rely, depend on [sth])依赖于，取决于The business deal hinges upon securing a loan.这笔生意能不能成，取决于能否获得贷款。hire [sth] out, hire out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (make available for rental)出租We hire out the white limousine for weddings.；hit back at [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (respond to criticism)反驳..., 回击...The pop star has hit back at her critics with a series of tweets.hit off [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (describe aptly)刻画；恰当描述hit off [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep US (imitate in order to satirize) (为了讽刺)模仿hit on [sth], hit upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep (idea, plan: devise, discover)忽然想到；偶然想到；偶然发现I have hit upon a great way to save money: stay in bed all day!我忽然想到一个省钱妙计，那就是整天都躺床上不动！hitch [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (animal: fasten, harness) (指牲畜)将...套在车上，给...套上车具hive [sth] off, hive off [sth] vtr phrasal sep UK (business: transfer ownership) (商业: 转让所有权)转让hoke [sth] up vtr phrasal sep US, slang (make deceptively impressive) (俚语)编造；为...添油加醋The politician hoked his speech up with phony statistics.hold [sth] back vtr phrasal sep (restrain, keep under control) (怒火等)克制He held back his anger until the children had gone to bed.She had had such a bad day, she couldn't hold back the tears any longer.他忍住怒火，直到孩子们全都睡下。//她过了糟糕的一天，再也忍不住了，流下了眼泪。hold [sth] back vtr phrasal sep figurative (not divulge [sth])对…有所隐瞒；隐瞒She said she had told him all about her previous marriage, but he suspected she was holding something back.她说她已将她的前一段婚姻状况都告诉他了，但他仍怀疑她有所隐瞒。hold [sth] back vtr phrasal sep (withhold, not give [sth])扣住He didn't give me all the money today, he's holding back half of it till the work is finished.今天他没有把所有的钱全都给我，留了一半等工作完成后支付。hold down [sth/sb], hold [sth/sb] down vtr phrasal sep (restrain) (本义)把…按住让其不能动弹Hold his arms down so he'll stop hitting me!把他手臂按住，这样他就不能继续打我了！hold [sth/sb] down, hold down [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep (restrain or repress)压制；控制；限制I find it hard to hold down my anger when I see someone drop litter.看到有人乱扔垃圾时，我发现很难控制住自己的怒气。hold down [sth], hold [sth] down vtr phrasal sep figurative (keep from losing)保住（工作等）I've been fired four times. I just can't hold down a job!我已经被开除过四次了，我就是保不住自己的工作！hold down [sth], hold [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (food: not eject as vomit) (食物等)忍住未吐出Though she still felt a little sick, Lisa managed to hold down her lunch.虽然仍然觉得有点不舒服，但丽莎还是忍住未将午饭吐出。hold fast to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (firmly, tightly)牢牢系在...上；紧紧固定在...上The rope held fast to the boat.hold fast to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (uphold: principle, idea) (宾语多为表原则、信念之词)坚持，坚守He holds fast to his socialist principles.hold [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (restrain, repress)克制；抑制I can't hold in my feelings any longer!hold off doing [sth], hold off from doing [sth], hold off on doing [sth] vtr phrasal insep (postpone, delay)拖延；克制，节制，忍住Please hold off playing the drums until after I've gone!请克制一下，等我离开后再打鼓吧！hold [sth/sb] off vtr phrasal sep (prevent attack)抵挡The soldiers managed to hold off the attacking forces for three days.士兵们成功抵挡了攻击部队三天之久。hold on to [sth/sb], hold onto [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (grasp, clutch)抓住…不放If you think you are going to slip, hold on to my arm.如果你觉得自己要滑倒了，就牢牢抓住我的手臂。hold onto [sth], hold on to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (keep, maintain despite difficulty)保持，保住；挺住，坚持住In all the years of poverty, she managed to hold onto her dignity.在这漫长的贫穷的岁月里，她设法保住了自己的尊严。hold out against [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep (continue to resist)持续抵抗；持续抵制The remote mountain village held out against the foreign armies.I'm holding out against joining Facebook.这偏远的山村顶住了外国军队的进攻。//我坚决不加入Facebook。hold out for [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (wait) (以便得到自己想要的)坚持，拖延James did not accept the job straight away because he was holding out for a better offer.詹姆斯没有马上接受那份工作，因为他在等待更好的录用机会。hold [sth] over vtr phrasal sep informal (postpone)推迟hold [sb] to [sth] vtr phrasal sep (expect [sb] to honour [sth])使某人遵守某事He said he would come and see me and I'll hold him to that.You made a promise and we will hold you to your word.hold to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (refuse to abandon or change)执着于；忠于hold [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (support)支持；支撑The pillar is holding up the roof.柱子支撑着屋顶。hold [sth] up, hold up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (delay)延误；耽搁A hailstorm held up the start of the football match.一场冰雹让足球开赛推迟了。hold [sth/sb] up, hold [sth/sb] up vtr phrasal sep (rob at gunpoint)持枪抢劫Two masked men tried to hold up a bank, but police arrived and arrested them.两个戴面具的人企图持枪抢劫一家银行，但警察赶来后便将他们逮捕了。hollow [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (make hollow, scoop out)挖空We learned to hollow out a log to make a canoe.hollow [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (scoop, dig: a hole, etc.)在...里挖洞；在...中凿洞hollow [sth] out in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (scoop, dig: a hole, etc.)在...中凿出；在...中挖出He hollowed out a place in the earth to bury the treasure.home in on [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep (go towards: a target, etc.)导向目标追踪Airplane pilots use radar, wind speed and direction, and air traffic reports to home in on the destination airport.home in on [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep figurative (focus attention on)集中注意力于hone in on [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep US, nonstandard but common (go towards: a target, etc.)向...走去；向...集中备注: The correct form is "home in on".备注: 虽然属于不正确用法，但非常常见hook into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (computing: connect to) (计算机科学)连接I'm trying to hook into the local area network.hook into [sth] vtr phrasal insep US, informal, figurative (access)接入If we could find a way to hook into the club's records, we could find out who was responsible.如果我们有办法查看俱乐部的记录，我们就能找出是谁干的。hook [sth/sb] up, hook [sb/sth] up vtr phrasal sep (connect, attach)连接；接通The nurse hooked the patient up to a machine to monitor his heart rate.护士将病人与一台机器上连接来监测他的心率。hook [sth/sb] up to [sth], hook [sb/sth] up to [sth] vtr phrasal sep (connect, attach)将…连接到I had to hire an expert to hook up my computer to the office network.我需要请一位专家将我的电脑连上办公室的网络。hook [sb] up with [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (put [sb] in touch with a person or group)让...与...建立联系；让...与...交流hop off [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal, figurative (get off [sth])离开，抛开hop on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (jump onto)跳上；跳到…上When I go into the town centre I usually hop on a bus rather than take the car. Hop on my back, I will carry you to school.去市中心的时候，我通常会搭乘公车而不坐小汽车。跳到我背上来，我背你去学校。hop [sth] up, hop up [sth] vtr phrasal sep US (improve [sth], increase power)改进；改善He acquired his skills in bodywork while hopping up his car in high school.horn in on [sth] vi phrasal + prep (intrude)唐突某人；干涉hose [sth/sb] down vtr phrasal sep (spray [sth] clean)用软管浇，淋；用软管冲洗Sailors hosed down the decks with seawater.hover over [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (float, be suspended above)盘旋于；在…上空盘旋A police helicopter hovered over the building in which the terrorists had taken refuge.hunt [sb/sth] down vtr phrasal sep (find criminal)搜寻；搜索；追捕The cop swore he would hunt down the murderer.那警察发誓一定要找到凶手。hunt for [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (seek, search for)寻找；搜寻I was hunting for the keys, but they won't appear. The detectives hunted for the clue that would finally solve the crime.我一直在找钥匙，但它却不见了。侦探们在搜寻最终破案的线索。hunt for [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (scavenge for, track down)猎取My cat hunts for mice every night.hunt [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (track down, locate)努力找出, 试图发现hunt through [sth] vtr phrasal insep (search among)把…找遍I hunted through all the dusty, discarded papers in the attic, hoping to find my grandfather's birth certificate.hunt up [sb/sth], hunt [sth/sb] up vtr phrasal sep informal (find [sb/sth])搜寻；寻找Steve hunted up some wood to put on the fire.hurry [sth] along vtr phrasal sep (speed [sth] up)尽快…hurry [sb/sth] away, hurry away [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep (quickly make [sb/sth] leave)让…迅速离开The bride was hurried away so her fiance wouldn't see her in her wedding gown before the ceremony.hush [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (suppress mention of [sth])保密；隐瞒hype [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (promote enthusiastically)宣传…idle [sth] away vtr phrasal sep (time, hours: pass lazily)虚度光阴；懒散度过The teenagers idled the summer away in the house instead of making themselves useful.；impress [sth] on [sb], impress [sth] upon [sb], impress upon [sb] [sth] vtr phrasal sep (stress the importance of)使...明白...的重要意义；使...牢记...的重要性I must impress upon you all the need for complete secrecy. Ken tried to impress the importance of hard work on his children.我必须使你们牢记严格保密的重要性。肯想使自己的孩子明白勤劳的重要性。imprint on [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (bird, person: attach psychologically) (心理)依恋；喜爱The birds had imprinted on their keeper, and followed him around the yard.improve on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (refine, develop)提高；改进The teacher wants you to improve on your math skills before the next test.improve upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep (do better than, make better)改进；改善；改良The unions have given the company three days to improve upon their offer before calling for all-out strikes.indulge in [sth] vtr phrasal insep (treat yourself to [sth])让自己享受一下；纵容自己享受一下I usually indulge in a nice glass of wine with my dinner. Mary indulged in a massage before her big presentation.indulge in [sth] vtr phrasal insep (allow yourself to do)放纵自己去做；沉溺于If you indulge in illegal activities, you should not be surprised if you end up in trouble with the police.ink [sth] in, ink in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (drawing: go over in ink)用墨水涂画；用墨水写ink [sth] in, ink in [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (schedule decisively)果断决定；果断计划insert [sth] in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (put into)插入；iron [sth] out, iron out [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (resolve) (比喻)处理，解决Let's sit down and iron out the problems with this report. There are many issues that we need to iron out before we can make progress.让我们坐下来，一起解决这份报告中的问题。取得进展之前，还有许多需要我们处理的问题。；jack [sth] in vtr phrasal sep UK, slang (abandon, quit)放弃, 舍弃Ali plans to jack in his job as soon as he starts his MA.阿里计划在硕士项目开始后就辞掉工作。jack [sth] up, jack up [sth] vtr phrasal sep literal (raise)用千斤顶托起When you have to change a tire, you must first jack up the car until the wheel is off the ground.jack [sth] up, jack up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (increase) (比喻价格等)提高, 涨, 抬高Some restaurants jack up the price of cold drinks during spells of hot weather.jam on [sth] vtr phrasal sep (slam on)猛按，猛压；猛踩Nancy jammed on the buttons, trying to get something to work.南希猛按按钮，试图让其恢复工作。jam [sth] in, jam in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (cram [sth] into [sth])将…挤进，将…塞入jam [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (block, overload)堵塞For some reason, this type of paper always jams the photocopier up.jazz [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (make more exciting)使…变得更生动有趣一些Mary decided to jazz up the room with some pictures.jerk [sth] up vtr phrasal sep UK (raise abruptly)把…猛地向上拉join in [sth] vtr phrasal insep (participate in)参与；参加We should ask the other students to join in our activities.我们应该邀请其他学生来参与我们的活动。join in with [sth] vtr phrasal insep (participate in)加入…，参加…join [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (connect)连接；联结join with [sth] vtr phrasal insep (accompany)和…一起；和…共同jot [sth] down vtr phrasal sep informal (write, make a note of)草草记下I'll just jot down the address.我就把地址记下来。juice [sth] up, juice up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (make more exciting)使人喝醉；增加活力；增加活力Roger has juiced up the website with more content.jumble [sth] up, jumble up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (mix up) (非正式用语)混淆；jut out from [sth] vi phrasal + prep (protrude or extend from)从…突出；从…伸出Arthur grabbed hold of a piece of rock that was jutting out from the wall of the cliff.keep ahead of [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (manage in advance)预先处理，提前处理；提前完成Jill is trying to keep ahead of the weeds in her garden.keep at [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (continue)继续做Eva struggled at first, but kept at it, and passed her driving test at the first attempt.keep [sth/sb] back vtr phrasal sep (prevent getting closer)使无法靠近A fence around the racing track keeps spectators back.keep [sth] back vtr phrasal sep informal (save)留出；留下It's a good idea to keep some money back for unexpected needs.keep [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (repress [sth])控制；抑制；压制；镇压The teacher asked the boys to keep the noise down.老师要求男孩子们小声点。keep [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (digest with difficulty)勉强吞下；勉强咽下；勉强吃下Although my stomach was upset, I kept my breakfast down.尽管我的肚子不舒服，不过我还是勉强吃下了早餐。keep [sth] hidden vtr phrasal sep (conceal)隐瞒Sara kept her diary hidden so that her little sister wouldn't read it.keep [sth] in, keep in [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (repress, restrain: emotion, etc.) (感情等)抑制，压制，控制Tim could barely keep his excitement in as he told us the news.蒂姆告诉我们这个消息的时候，他几乎无法抑制兴奋之情。keep [sth] in, keep in [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (withhold, prevent from getting out)保守住；瞒住Tania was bursting to tell Audrey the secret, but somehow she managed to keep it in.塔尼亚迫不及待地想将这个秘密告诉奥黛丽，但不知什么原因她还是忍住了。keep [sth] intact vtr phrasal sep (safeguard)保护；保全keep [sth] intact vtr phrasal sep (prevent from breaking)保证…不受损伤I tried to keep the cake intact until you arrived but I'm afraid my husband ate a piece while I wasn't looking.keep off [sth] vtr phrasal insep (do not walk on)不接近；避开；避免（践踏）Please keep off the grass.请避免践踏草坪。keep off [sth] vtr phrasal insep (resist, not indulge in)防止；避开；使…免受影响He is an alcoholic, and it is a daily struggle for him to keep off the booze.他是个酒鬼，他的日常就是努力防止大饮特饮。keep on doing [sth] vtr phrasal insep (persist: in doing [sth])继续做…Why do you keep on talking after I've asked you to be quiet?我都已经告诉你保持安静了，为什么你还要继续说话。keep [sb/sth] out vtr phrasal sep (prevent from entering)防止…进入；使…不能进入A waterproof jacket will keep the rain out.防水夹克能够防止雨水进入。keep [sb/sth] safe vtr phrasal sep (avoid harm coming to)使…保持安全；防止…遇到危险I promised to always keep you safe and I meant it. Would you keep my camera safe while I go for a swim, please?我承诺过会一直保护你，我是认真的。我去游泳时，你能帮我保管好相机吗?keep [sth] secret vtr phrasal sep (conceal, not divulge)保密Government information should be kept secret.keep [sth] up, keep up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (maintain, continue)使…保持良好状态；保养Rita still keeps her gardening up even though she's in her eighties.虽然丽塔已经八十多岁了，但她仍坚持保养花草。keep up with [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (go as fast)跟上…的步伐The old woman struggled to keep up with her agile young granddaughter.那位老妇人努力跟上她敏捷的小孙女。keep up with [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (stay informed) (潮流、形势等)跟上Are you keeping up with all the news from Copenhagen?你能始终了解哥本哈根的所有新闻吗？keep up with [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (not fall behind)跟上；不在…方面落后It's hard to keep up with my studies when I have to work at the restaurant every evening.If you don't keep up with your loan repayments, your home may be repossessed.每天晚上我都必须去餐馆打工，这样我很难保持学习不落后。//如果你无法保持按时偿还贷款，你的家可能会被收回。key [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (enter by typing)键入Key in your name and email address on the online application form.key on [sb/sth], key in on [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep US (single out as important)盯防The basketball team keyed in on their opponent's star player.kick against [sth] vtr phrasal insep (rebel against or resist)反抗；对抗Jesse has always had a tendency to kick against authority.kick [sth] around, kick around [sth], kick [sth] about, kick about [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (consider, debate: an idea) (想法)谈论，讨论kick [sth] back vtr phrasal sep slang (profit: share as bribe)付（钱）作为回扣After taking their cut, the two men kicked the money back to corrupt government officials.kick [sth] in, kick in [sth] vtr phrasal sep US, informal (contribute; money)捐献，捐助；（为筹资而）拿出We're asking everyone to kick in $5 towards the boss's gift.为了筹资给老板买礼物，我们要每个人拿出5美元。kick [sth] off vtr phrasal sep figurative, slang (begin)使开始They are going to kick off the new season with a big party.他们将以盛大派对开启新一季。kick [sb/sth] out, kick out [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (expel or eject)赶走，把…踢走；开除The teacher kicked me out of class for refusing to turn off my iPod.因为我拒绝关掉iPod，所以老师把我从教室里赶了出去。kick [sth] over, kick over [sth] vtr phrasal sep (knock over with the foot)踢翻；启动（引擎）；启动（引擎）Liam accidentally kicked over a plant pot.kick up [sth], kick [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (lift or stir up with one's foot)踢起，扬起。I ran along the beach kicking up the sand as I went.我沿着海滩奔跑，一路扬起沙尘。kick up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, slang (instigate, provoke)引起，激起He kicked up a fuss because the driver wouldn't let him on the bus.由于驾驶员不让他上公交车，他便开始大吵大闹，引起了骚乱。kill [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (exterminate)消灭；灭绝I have finally killed off all the bugs on my tomato plants.kiss [sb/sth] off, kiss off [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep US, figurative, slang (disregard, consider lost)放弃；死了...的心Kiss off your inheritance: your mother left everything to her cousins twice removed.knit [sth] together vtr phrasal sep (knitting: combine in one stitch) (编织)将...织在一起Knitting two stitches together is a common way to decrease.knit [sth] together vtr phrasal sep figurative (medicine: join together, mend) (医药)合并；融合knock [sth] around, also UK: knock [sth] about vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (consider, debate: an idea)探讨；探究knock [sth] back, knock back [sth] vtr phrasal sep slang (drink greedily)狂饮, 痛饮, 很快喝掉knock [sb] back [sth] vtr phrasal sep UK, slang (cost)使某人付出某物；让...破费That new car must have knocked you back a fair amount!knock [sth] down, knock down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (demolish)拆毁，摧毁，拆除The old office building was knocked down to make place for a new shopping mall.那栋老旧办公楼被拆除了，来给要新盖的商场腾地。knock [sth] down, knock down [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (reduce the price of)压低…的价格，降价No one was buying anything so they decided to knock down the prices.没有人购买商品，所以他们决定降价。knock down [sth], knock [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (cause to fall to the ground)撞倒，推倒；拆毁The objective of bowling is to knock down as many pins as possible.打保龄球的目标就是要尽可能多地撞倒保龄球瓶。knock [sth] in, knock in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (demolish, break down)拆毁Before adding the extra room to the house, they had to knock in the kitchen wall.为房子增加额外空间前，他们需要先拆掉厨房的墙。knock [sth] off vtr phrasal sep slang (finish rapidly)完成, 结束I knocked off a politics essay while I was waiting for her to get ready.我在等她准备好的同时，完成了一篇政治论文。knock [sth] off vtr phrasal sep UK, slang (brand: copy)仿；仿造They're knocking off designer brands and selling the goods in the local market.他们正在仿造设计师品牌，并在当地市场销售相关商品。knock [sth] off vtr phrasal sep slang, figurative (price: reduce) (价格)降低，降There's a button missing from this dress. Could you knock a couple of pounds off the price?这件衣服少了一颗扣子。能便宜几英镑吗？knock [sth] out vtr phrasal sep slang (do hurriedly)匆匆做完，草草做完Ben quickly knocked the essay out.本草草写完了论文。knock [sth] over, knock over [sth] vtr phrasal sep (from upright position)撞倒I got mad at the little girl for knocking over my statue.那个小女孩儿把我的雕塑撞倒了，我很生气。knock [sth] over, knock over [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (rob)抢劫；抢夺knock [sth] up vtr phrasal sep UK, informal (make or put together hurriedly)草草制作；匆忙制作knuckle down to [sth] vi phrasal + prep slang (apply yourself)埋头工作；埋头苦干We don't have much time for this project. We'd better knuckle down to work.lace [sth] up, lace up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (tighten, close up with laces)用带子绑紧；束紧lack in [sth] vtr phrasal insep (not have, be deficient in)缺乏；缺少Whoever decorated this room is lacking in good taste.What we lack in experience, we make up for in enthusiasm.ladle out [sth], ladle [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (distribute with ladle)舀出ladle out [sth], ladle [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (money, goods) (钱、商品)发，发放lap [sth] up, lap up [sth], lick [sth] up, lick up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (drink by licking)舔饮The dog thirstily lapped up the water from its water bowl.lap [sth] up, lap up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (take in eagerly) (比喻)欣然接受He keeps flattering her, and she is lapping it up.lash out on [sth] vi phrasal + prep UK, informal (extravagantly spend money on)大手大脚地在…上花很多钱For his 50th, James lashed out on a sports car.在他50岁生日的时候，詹姆斯花大价钱买了一辆跑车。last out [sth], last [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (endure)忍受，忍耐last through [sth] vtr phrasal insep (endure, survive)坚持过去；撑过The dog is very ill and we are not sure whether he will last through the night.latch on to [sth/sb], latch onto [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (cling)缠住…不放Sea lampreys latch on to passing fish, sharks, and even humans.latch on to [sth], latch onto [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (idea, etc.: adopt, understand)理解The student began to latch on to the idea of Socialism.latch on to [sth], latch onto [sth] vtr phrasal insep (baby: grab nipple with mouth)吸住；吸着不放lather [sb/sth] up vtr phrasal sep (cover with lather)给…涂上泡沫；laugh [sb/sth] down, laugh down [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep (ridicule [sb/sth])嘲笑；嘲讽laugh [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (dismiss as not serious)对…一笑而过John laughed off the suggestion that he change his behavior.lay about [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep UK (attack, beat)打…lay [sth] aside, lay aside [sth] vtr phrasal insep (put temporarily to one side)将...暂时放在一边I had to lay aside my wedding plans until after my mother recovered.lay by [sth], lay [sth] by vtr phrasal insep US (money: save up) (钱)存…； (钱: 口语)攒…lay [sth] down, lay down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (surrender, give up: weapons) (武器等)放下；投降The President pleaded with the terrorists to lay down their arms.总统请求恐怖分子放下武器。lay [sth] down, lay down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (establish: law, rules, etc.) (法律，规则等)制定，规定Good parenting involves laying down clear rules.好的父母会设立明确的规则。lay [sth] in, lay in [sth] vtr phrasal sep US (store for later use)储备I am laying in plenty of food and drink for the Christmas period.lay off [sth] vtr phrasal insep slang (stop indulging in)戒掉He needs to lay off the booze for a while.他需要暂时戒酒。lay [sth] on vtr phrasal sep informal (exaggerate)夸大；夸张Your brother can really lay on the drama!你兄弟真会装腔作势!lay [sth] on vtr phrasal sep (apply)把…涂抹在…上The builder laid the plaster on with a trowel.建筑工人用泥刀铺上灰泥。lay [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (arrange, set out)安排；布置Before packing his bag for the trip, he carefully laid out the clothes he wanted to take.在打包外出旅行之前，他仔细地安排好了要带哪些衣物。lay [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (explain, present: a plan)解释，陈述During the murder trial, the prosecutors carefully laid out the state's case against the defendant.在谋杀案审理期间，检察官谨慎地陈述了国家对被告的指控。lay [sth] out vtr phrasal sep informal (spend: money)花费Her father will have to lay out a lot of money to pay for her wedding.她爸爸将会为她的婚礼花费一大笔钱。lay [sth] up vtr phrasal sep US (store for future use)储备；储藏；贮藏We need to lay up plenty of firewood for the winter.lay [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (vessel: put in dock) (船只)泊靠，系泊lead [sth/sb] away vtr phrasal sep (guide elsewhere)将...引开；把…引到别的地方lead [sth/sb] back vtr phrasal sep (show way to original location)将...带回I've forgotten the way to the hotel: could someone lead me back, please?lead into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be prelude to)引入；引向Opening titles lead into a movie.lead off from [sth] vi phrasal + prep (room: adjoin) (房间)与…相连，紧挨…； (书面语)与…毗连lead off into [sth] vi phrasal + prep (room: continue into) (房间)通向，通往lead on to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (progress to)带来We hope that this early success will lead on to further triumphs.lead up to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (events: come before)作为…的先导；引起The days leading up to the wedding were so busy, with many details to finalise.lead up to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (events: culminate in)导致；致使In court, the police officer recounted the events leading up to the defendant's arrest.lead up to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (introduce: a subject) (话题等)引入，导入The speaker led up to the topic by telling the audience about some of the historical background.Tessa kept beating about the bush and her brothers wondered what she was leading up to.lead with [sth] vtr phrasal insep (begin with a subject)把...作为重要报道；将...作为头条lead with [sth] vtr phrasal insep (boxing: start attack with)以...开场；一上场就打出leaf through [sth] vtr phrasal insep (flip the pages of)匆忙浏览；匆匆翻阅I was leafing through an old magazine when the doctor came in.lean toward [sth/sb], lean towards [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep figurative (tend towards, prefer) (比喻)倾向于In the upcoming election, he is leaning towards the Democrats.leave [sth/sb] behind vtr phrasal sep (fail to bring)拉下；忘带It wasn't until I got to the airport that I found I had left my passport behind.等到了机场，我才发现没带护照。leave [sb/sth] behind vtr phrasal sep (get ahead of)超过；把…抛在后面The sprinter from Nigeria left all the other runners behind.尼日利亚的短跑运动员把所有的其他运动员都甩在了后面。leave [sth/sb] behind vtr phrasal sep (shed, escape [sth/sb] unwanted)摆脱；逃脱；逃离Brian has a good job now and has left his days of poverty behind him.现在布莱恩有了一份好工作，摆脱了贫困的日子。leave [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (omit)落下；遗漏The bread did not rise because I left out the yeast by mistake.面包没有发起来，因为我漏放了酵母。leech [sth] off [sb] vtr phrasal insep figurative (obtain [sth] from [sb] else)从…处搞到Trevor leeched a few dollars off his friend so that he could buy some ice cream.let [sth] down, let down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (lower gradually)把…逐渐往下放The girl let down a rope and her boyfriend climbed up into her room.女孩放下一根绳子，让她的男朋友爬进了她的房间。let [sth] down, let down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (clothing: lengthen at hem) (衣服褶边)放长The seamstress let down the skirt so that it fell to just below Sally's knee.女裁缝把裙子放长，刚好落在莎莉的膝盖以下。let [sth] down, let [sth] down vtr phrasal sep UK (release air from: tire, etc) (轮胎等)放气When Jim's car would not start, he discovered that someone had let down his front tyres.吉姆的车发动不起来，他发现有人把他前轮胎的气放了。let [sth] into [sth] vtr phrasal sep (put [sth] flush into a surface)把...嵌入let off [sth], let [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (fire: explosive, gun, etc.) (枪炮)开，开火； (炸弹)引爆It is against the law to let off fireworks in the street.在街上放烟花是违法的。let [sth/sb] out vtr phrasal sep (allow to exit)放出去；放走Don't forget to let the cat out before you lock up for the night!晚上锁门前别忘了把猫放出去！let [sth/sb] out, let [sth/sb] out vtr phrasal sep (free from captivity)释放The government finally let out the political prisoners.政府最终释放了政治犯。let [sth] out, let out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (clothing: make larger) (衣物)加大，加宽Could you let out the waistband of these trousers, please? I seem to have put on some weight since I last wore them.能麻烦你把这条裤子的裤腰放大一点吗？我好像比上次穿的时候又胖了些。let out [sth], let [sth] out vtr phrasal insep (emit, utter) (水，空气等)放出，释放； (声音)发出； (气)呼出Anna let out a scream when the cat jumped onto her out of nowhere.那只猫不知从哪儿蹦到安娜身上时，她尖叫了一声。let [sth] out, let out that vtr phrasal sep informal (reveal accidentally)泄露I'll get in trouble if you let out the secret.如果你泄露了这个秘密，我将会有麻烦。let [sth] slip, let slip [sth] vtr phrasal sep (tell a secret)无意中说出…，无意中透露…level [sth] off, level off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (make even)使变平坦，使变平整Mark used sandpaper to level off the surface of the wood.马克用砂纸将木材表面磨平。lie with [sb/sth] vi phrasal archaic (have sex with)与...有性关系；与...做爱The man was discovered lying with a woman who was married to another.lift [sb/sth] out, lift out [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep UK (outsource: a team) (团队)外包light on [sth], light upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep (find, discover [sth])找到；发现Ned lit on the perfect solution to his problem.light on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (land on [sth])停落于light [sth] up, light up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (brighten) (比喻)照亮I love you - you light up my life.我爱你，你照亮了我的生活。light up [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (cigarette: apply flame)点燃Rob lit up a cigarette.罗伯点燃了一根烟。limber [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (make supple or ready for action)使身体变柔软灵活；热身The baseball pitcher limbered up his arm before the game.line [sth] up, line up [sth] and [sth] vtr phrasal sep (align)对齐；使...成一条直线Please line up the pictures on the wall so they are all straight.请将墙上的照片对齐，呈一条直线。line up with [sth] vi phrasal + prep (be aligned with [sth])与…对齐；与…成一条直线The two holes did not line up with each other, so I could not insert the bolt.这两个孔没有对齐，所以我无法插入插销。；line [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative (schedule, arrange) (比喻)排队等候I've lined up a lot of activities for us this week.这周，我为我们安排了很多活动。listen out for [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (try to hear)注意听；留心听live [sth] down vtr phrasal sep informal (embarrassment: get over)通过努力让人们忘记自己的尴尬事His friends ensured that he could never live down the day he accidentally wore his sister's pants.live for [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (take as one's reason for living)为…而活live off [sth] vtr phrasal insep (survive on, be supported by)靠...过活The widow lives off her late husband's pension and Social Security checks.那个寡妇靠她过世丈夫的退休金和社保过活。live on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (use for money)靠…为生My mother gives me a monthly allowance but I couldn't live on just that.我妈每个月会给我零用钱，不过我不能就靠那个为生。live out [sth] vtr phrasal insep (live for the duration of)度过She lived out her last years in the same small town.她在同一个小镇上度过了晚年。live out [sth] vtr phrasal insep (enact, fulfill) (如梦想等)实现，完成He urged his students to live out their dreams.他力劝学生们要去实现自己的梦想。live through [sth] vtr phrasal insep (experience or endure)经历Our grandparents lived through the War and know what it is like to lose everything.live up to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (be as good as)达到…标准；不辜负She made every effort to live up to her ideals.她尽一切努力来达到自己的理想。liven [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (make more lively)使气氛活跃起来The organist plays the hymns too slowly. She needs to liven things up.load [sb/sth] down, load down [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep often passive (make carry [sth] heavy)使承担重负；使负荷沉重The farmer loaded the donkey down.load [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (charge, fill)装载；加载We loaded up the car and set off for the beach.load [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (put: [sth] to be transported)装好；装载I have to help load up the luggage for our camping trip.lock [sth] away, lock away [sth] vtr phrasal sep (thing: keep safe, hidden)将…锁起来；把…收藏起来；把…收起来Lock away this box of chocolates before I eat them all!lock [sth] down, lock down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (make secure)把…固定住；把…锁住Please securely lock down the skis on the roof rack.请将滑雪板牢牢地固定在车顶的行李架上。lock [sth] down, lock down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (restrict movement within area)封锁；封闭lock [sth] in, lock in [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (interest, price: fix) (利率、价格等)锁定lock [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (waterway: close with a lock)用水闸锁住lock [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (close off area)封锁；隔绝lock [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (button, setting: disable securely)安全关上；安全关闭lock on to [sth], lock onto [sth] vtr phrasal insep (follow closely) (比喻义)锁定lock [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (object: keep safe)锁好；锁上The custodian locked up the school at the end of the day to prevent vandals from entering.一天结束后，管理人员锁好了学校的大门，以防破坏公物者入内。log into [sth], log onto [sth] vtr phrasal insep (computing: sign into site) (计算机登录网站)登录到To log into the network, you'll need the password.你需要密码来登陆网络。log onto [sth] vtr phrasal insep (access: an internet site) (访问网站)登录To read this forum, just log onto wordreference.com.look after [sth] vtr phrasal insep UK (pet, plant: tend) (宠物，植物)照看Will you look after my fish while I'm away?我不在的时候，你能照顾我的鱼吗？look after [sth] vtr phrasal insep UK (concern yourself)关心He's looking after his own interests, as usual.他像往常一样只关心他自己的利益。look after [sth] vtr phrasal insep UK (manage, run)照看；照料；管理Could you look after the shop for ten minutes while I run a few errands?我要外出办点事，你能帮我看十分钟店吗？look around for [sb/sth], also UK: look round for [sb/sth], look about for [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (seek in surrounding area)四处寻找I misplaced my keys, so I'll have to look around for them.look back on [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (recall, reminisce about)回首；回顾；回忆I look back on my years in school and smile.look beyond [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (consider more than)看远一些；往远处看；展望未来Look beyond his looks; consider his personality.look down on [sth], look down upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (consider inferior)看不上These were rich girls who looked down on cheap clothes.这些有钱女生看不起廉价的衣服。look for [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (search for, seek)搜寻；寻找Some people look for love on the internet. I looked for you, but I couldn't find you.有些人在网上寻找真爱。我想找你，但是没找到。look forward to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (await [sth] with excitement)期盼；企盼We look forward to our summer holiday every year.我们每年都期盼着暑假。look forward to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (long for [sth])期待；等待I look forward to the day when I can afford to retire.我期待着我能退休的一天。look in on [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (visit or check in passing)短暂拜访某人While I'm in town I should look in on my parents.Please look in on the baby and make sure she's tucked in.look into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (try to find)试图找到；尝试找出We are looking into ways of increasing our effectiveness.我们正在寻找提高效率的方法。look into [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (investigate) (非正式用语)调查，研究The detective looked into the murder.We have received your complaint, and we will look into it.侦探对这起谋杀进行了调查。/ /我们收到您的投诉，我们将调查此事。look on [sb] as [sth], look upon [sb] as [sth] vtr phrasal insep (regard, consider: as)把…视为；把…看成I always looked upon him as a brother.我总是把他视作兄弟。look out for [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (stay vigilant)提防；留神，小心You must look out for snakes when walking in these hills.走在这些小山上时，你须要提防蛇类。look past [sth] vtr phrasal insep (disregard, not be distracted by)不理睬；忽略It was difficult to look past the unsightly mole on his face.look through [sth] vtr phrasal insep (observe via: [sth] transparent)透过…看You can see the individual cells if you look through the microscope. Look through the window and tell me what you see.如果你透过显微镜，你就能看到一个个的细胞。透过窗户往外看，把你看到的告诉我。look through [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep figurative (appear not to see, be oblivious to) (比喻)目光穿过I said hello but he looked right through me.我向他打招呼，不过他目光穿我而过，似乎看不见我。look through [sth] vtr phrasal insep (search through, survey)翻阅遍，查阅遍；浏览；调查；查找Can I look through those old clothes before you throw them out in case there is something I like? My boss looked through the papers before signing them.在你扔掉之前，我能看一下那些旧衣服吗？里面或许有我喜欢的。在签署文件之前，我老板仔细翻阅了它们。look [sth/sb] up vtr phrasal sep (seek information)查有关…的信息If you don't know who Ada Lovelace was, look her up online.如果你不知道Ada Lovelace是谁，可以上网查一下。look [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (word: find meaning)查阅；查找If I don't understand a word, I look it up in the dictionary.如果我不懂一个词的意思，我就去查字典。look upon [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (regard, consider: as)看成；看待I look upon television as a bad influence.我将电视看成一种不良影响。look upon [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep literary (gaze at, take in)（带着某种情绪）看The sculptor looked upon his latest creation with pride.雕刻家自豪地看着自己最新的作品。loosen [sth] up, loosen up [sth] vtr phrasal sep literal (make [sth] loose)把...弄送；使...变松Roy loosened up his tie and undid the top button of his shirt.lop [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (cut off)砍掉，砍下The movie's hero lopped the villain's head off.lose out on [sth] vi phrasal + prep (miss: an opportunity) (机会)错失；失去The team lost out on a chance to play in the final.那只球队失去了踢决赛的机会。；louse [sth] up, louse up [sth] vtr phrasal sep slang (botch, ruin) (俚语)搞砸；搅黄Nathan loused up his grades when he forgot his homework.The new guy's loused up this project; I'll have to redo it.mail [sth] out, mail out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (send by post)寄出…，把…寄出去You need to mail the package out before the train leaves.make for [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (head towards)前往We turned the boat around and made for the nearest harbour.我们调转船头，向最近的港口驶去。make for [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (produce, create: situation)致使；导致Good teamwork makes for greater productivity in the workplace.良好的团队合作能提升工作效率。make for [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (be, count as)是；算That reply makes for a good example of sarcasm.那个回答是一个很好的讽刺例子。make off with [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (take away)顺手偷走；顺手牵羊The thief made off with over a thousand dollars.make [sth] out vtr phrasal sep informal (with object: see, perceive)看清，勉强辨认出I can't make out the sign from this far away.我离得太远，看不清那个牌子。make [sth] out to [sb/sth], make out [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep (cheque: address to) (支票)把…开给Please make your cheque out to "James Stephenson".请将你的支票开给“詹姆斯·斯蒂芬森”。make [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (decipher)辨认；认出I can't make out what you've written here; is that an o or a u?make [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (understand)理解；理清John had heard both sides of the story, but he still couldn't make out what had really happened between the two brothers.make over [sth], make [sth] over vtr phrasal sep (room or building: renovate)对（房间、建筑等）进行翻新They made their kitchen over and now have granite countertops.他们对厨房进行翻新，现在厨房有了花岗岩台面。make [sth] over, make over [sth] vtr phrasal sep (property: transfer ownership)移交；转让…的所有权Thomas made the property over to his brother Francis.托马斯转让了财产的所有权给弟弟弗朗西斯。make [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (invent, imagine)编造；虚构You should be a writer, you make up such interesting stories.你真该去当个作家，你能编造出如此有趣的故事。make [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (assemble, put together)将…组装到一起The Red Cross made up emergency kits for the earthquake victims.红十字协会为救援地震受灾群众将急救药包组装到一起。make [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (comprise)构成；组成The cast was made up of amateurs.演员阵容是由业余选手构成的。make up for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (compensate)补偿；弥补She made up for being rude to me yesterday by inviting me out for coffee.她邀请我出去喝咖啡，为昨天对我的无礼进行补偿。make up for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (counter, outweigh)弥补He'll never be able to make up for his lack of natural ability.他永远都无法弥补他本能的缺失。make with [sth] vtr phrasal insep US, dated, slang (provide, produce)提出；产生Make with the beers, would you? We're in a hurry!map [sth] out vtr phrasal sep figurative (plan)规划；制订The general mapped out a strategy with his advisors.将军和军师们一起制订了战略。march against [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (demonstrate, protest about)向…进军The protesters went to Washington to march against increased taxes.mark [sth] down, mark down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (give lower grade to)给…打低分The teacher marked my paper down because I misspelled so many words.mark [sth] down, mark down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (reduce price of)标低…的价格The store marked down the Christmas merchandise in January.mark [sth] down, mark down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (record, note)记下Mark down your dentist appointment on the calendar so you don't forget it!mark [sth] off, mark off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (delineate, outline)划出，划开；区分Mark off the area to be tiled and find the centre.They marked off the area of the garden that was to be laid to lawn.mark [sth] out, mark out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (delineate, define: boundaries)划出Animals mark out their territory with a variety of visual and scent signals.动物会用视觉和嗅觉信号划出自己的领地。mark [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (increase price)提价；抬价Hotels mark up their prices whenever there is a national holiday.每到全国性假期，酒店的价格就会上涨。mark [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (text: indicate changes)标记；修改Please mark up your document to indicate bold, italic, or underlined.请在文件上标出粗体、斜体或下划线。marry into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (become part of: a family)嫁入；因婚姻成为…的成员Sophie married into an Italian family.marry into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (acquire through marriage)通过婚姻进入；借助婚姻获得William married into a life of wealth and privilege.marry [sth] up, marry up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (join, connect)使…结合，使…联合，和…会和mash up [sth], mash [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (mix music samples) (音乐，非正式用语)混搭；混音mash up [sth], mash [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (crush, reduce to a pulp)捣碎，捣烂I'm going to mash up a banana to give to baby Alex.match up with [sth] vi phrasal + prep (be similar to)与...相似The computer will check to see if anyone's interests match up with yours.电脑会查询是否有人与你的兴趣相似。match up to [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep UK, figurative, informal (be as good as)比得上；和…一样好Sadly, the reality of modelling did not match up to Tracy's dreams.遗憾的是，真实的模特职涯与特雷西的梦想千差万别。max [sth] out vtr phrasal sep mainly US, slang (use to the limit) (俚语)使...达到最大极限；耗尽，用完He spent so much I thought he would max out his credit card!measure [sth] out, measure out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (measure and divide [sth])把…测量后分配The man measured the grain out into four equal portions.measure up to [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (match, be equal to)达到…的要求；符合…的标准Rodgers has proved that he is capable of measuring up to the demands of the job.measure [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (calculate dimensions of)度量；测量Go ahead and measure up the next ten boards to be cut.meet with [sth] vtr phrasal insep (response) (回应)收到，得到The president's speech to Congress met with mixed reactions; one party cheered, the other booed.总统在国会的发言反应不一，一方欢呼，另一方喝倒彩。meet with [sth] vtr phrasal insep (experience)和…会面；遭受；遭遇He met with an accident on his way to the court.他在去法庭的路上出了事故。meet with [sth] vtr phrasal insep (conform to: standards, etc.)符合；达到We were forced to sack Pete because his work did not meet with our standards.我们不得不解雇皮特，因为他的工作不符合我们的标准。melt [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (substance)核反应堆核心熔毁Melt down used wax and pour it into molds to make new candles.melt into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (disappear into)消失在； (比喻)融化在After looking at me for a few seconds, she melted into the crowd. She was gone.melt [sth] into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (dissolve into)将...融化于Stir the mixture over a low heat until the chocolate melts into the cream.mess around with [sth], also UK: mess about with [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (tamper, play with)摆弄；玩弄He enjoyed messing around with boats.他喜欢摆弄船只。mess around with [sth], also UK: mess about with [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (spoil by fussing)瞎摆弄；瞎玩弄Your painting is fine now; don't mess around with it any more or you will ruin it.你的画已经完工了，别瞎摆弄了，否则你会毁了它的。mess [sth] up, mess up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (make untidy)弄乱The wind messed up the neat piles of papers, scattering them all over the room.风把整齐堆叠的文件吹乱了，在房间里散落一地。mess [sth] up, mess up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (spoil, botch)把...搞砸，把...弄糟This is important, so try not to mess it up.这件事很重要，所以尽量不要搞砸。mess with [sth] vtr phrasal insep slang (meddle with)干涉；干预I'm sick of you messing with things that don't concern you!我讨厌你把那些与你无关的事情弄得一团糟！mete [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (inflict: punishment) (惩罚)施以We had a teacher at school who would mete out punishment for the most minor offences.mete [sth] out vtr phrasal sep rare (distribute) (罕见用法)分配；分发Her manager liked to mete out the most interesting tasks to employees who praised him.mind out for [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep UK (pay attention to)注意；当心；小心minister to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (serve needs)满足（需求）The downtown shelter ministers to the needs of homeless people.miss out on [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (be denied: an opportunity, etc.)错失Milly was laid up with the flu, so she had to miss out on the party.米莉得了流感卧床不起，所以她不得不错过了这次派对。miss out on [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (fail to get: an opportunity, etc.)错失； (机会等)没有得到I missed out on the teaching job I wanted, but I'm sure there'll be other opportunities.我错过了我想要的老师工作，但我确信会有其他的机会。mix with [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (be sociable, mingle)与...交往；与...交际The politician mixed with the crowd, saying hello to everybody.mix [sth] in, mix in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (blend or stir in)混合进mix up [sth], mix [sth] up, mix up [sth] and [sth] vtr phrasal sep (mistake)弄错；搞混My grandfather is always mixing up his words.我爷爷总是弄错要用的词语。mix [sth] up with [sth] vtr phrasal sep (mistake, confuse) (事)将…与…搞混A lot of people mix up the meaning of 'imply' with the meaning of 'infer'.许多人将“暗示”与“推断”的意思搞混。mix [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (make disorderly)把…搞乱；弄乱Please don't mix up my chess pieces.请不要把我的象棋子搞乱。mix [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (concoct) (调制饮料)搅拌，搅匀；混合调制I'm going to mix up some strawberry milkshakes.我要去混合调制一些草莓奶昔。；mock [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (create a model of)仿制，仿造；模仿，模拟；制作…的实体模型I can mock up a model of that program in just a few hours, but the real product will take months to finish.我能在短短几个小时内模拟出这个程序的模型，但真正的产品需要几个月才能完成。monkey around with [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (play or tamper with [sth])摆弄；把玩He monkeyed around with the carburettor for a while, then found the problem in the spark plug.monkey with [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (tamper with [sth])瞎弄；乱搞moon over [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (think of [sb/sth] too much)思念，想念mop [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (clean up)清理；打扫I'll mop up the milk you spilled.mop [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (wipe up)擦干；拖干Serve with plenty of bread to mop up the gravy.mop [sth] up vtr phrasal sep slang, figurative (handle consequences) (俚语)做扫尾工作；给...擦屁股First they will have to mop up the mess created by the outgoing administration.mop [sth] up vtr phrasal sep slang, figurative (defeat) (俚语)彻底击败；击溃；大败Allied troops were still trying to mop up resistance in the south of the country.mouse over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (computing: hover mouse over [sth])鼠标悬停；鼠标移过mouth off about [sth] vi phrasal + prep slang (give opinion loudly)高声谈论...move [sth] apart, move [sth] and [sth] apart vtr phrasal sep (separate)分开The teacher moved the two boys apart because they were always talking in class.那两个男孩总是上课说话，所以老师将他俩的座位分开了。move in on [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (move closer to attack or capture)向…逼近；准备攻击When the signal was given the police quickly moved in on the suspect and arrested him.move in on [sth] vi phrasal + prep (intrude)进入；侵入The salesman lost customers when a competitor moved in on his territory.由于竞争对手的进入，那位销售员损失了许多客户。move into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (take up residence in)搬进；搬入They moved into their new home last week.move on to [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (progress to)进入；转向After the children have mastered addition they will move on to division.孩子们掌握了加法后，他们将继续学习除法。move past [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (pain, etc.: get over) (痛苦、困难等)度过Natalie has moved past the disappointment of splitting up with her last boyfriend, and is much happier now.move past [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (go by, pass)超过Thompson moved past the other runners into first position in the race.muck about with [sb/sth], muck around with [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep UK, slang (waste time on)瞎摆弄；与...瞎混；在...上浪费时间I've spent an hour mucking about with passwords and haven't even managed to log into the website yet!muck [sth] out vtr phrasal sep mainly UK (clean: animal stall) (畜舍)清理We muck out the stalls daily.muck [sth] up, muck up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (make dirty)搞脏，弄脏；搞乱muck [sth] up, muck up [sth] vtr phrasal sep UK, slang (plans: spoil, complicate)搞砸；把...搞糟muck [sth] up, muck up [sth] vtr phrasal sep UK, slang (botch, fail)弄坏，弄脏，把…搞得乱七八糟I need to stop before I muck up the whole thing.muddle through [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (accomplish by improvisation) (非正式用语)胡乱应付muddle [sth] up vtr phrasal sep UK, informal (mix things up)混淆，弄混，搞乱muddle [sth] up vtr phrasal sep UK, informal, figurative (ideas: confuse, mix up) (想法)弄错，混淆，搞错mug [sth] up, mug up [sth] vtr phrasal sep UK, informal (study)攻读；学习；研究mull [sth] over, mull over [sth] vtr phrasal sep (ponder, consider)仔细考虑；反复琢磨He paused to mull over his various options before making a decision.mumble on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (chew ineffectively)用牙龈费劲地咬The toothless old man mumbled on a piece of bread.muscle in on [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (get involved in, try to take over)挤进；强夺Solar technology is trying to muscle in on the crowded energy market.mush [sth] up, mush up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (turn [sth] into mash or puree)把…弄烂，把…搅成泥I never get taken to restaurants because I have a habit of mushing all my food up.muss [sth] up vtr phrasal sep US (make messy, untidy)搞乱；弄脏muster up [sth], muster [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (build up: energy, courage)鼓足；鼓起muster up [sth/sb], muster [sth/sb] up vtr phrasal sep (gather up: people, supplies, etc.)聚集；汇集muster up [sth], muster [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (make: a meal) (指饭菜)做出，制作；烹饪We've got some onions, a tin of chickpeas, and a tin of tomatoes. I think I can manage to muster something up using that.nail [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (fasten with nails)用钉子把…钉牢I need to nail down a few loose boards in the flooring.nail [sth] down vtr phrasal sep figurative (identify precisely)搞清楚；搞确实；确定We need to nail down exactly how much money was embezzeled by our accountant.narrow [sth] down, narrow down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (possibilities: limit)缩小...的范围Giving the police as detailed a description as you can of the mugger will narrow down their search.尽可能详细地向警方描述抢劫犯的样子，可以帮助警方缩小搜寻范围。neaten [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (make [sth] tidy)整理；收拾干净nip [sth] off, nip off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (remove)掐断；掐掉The gardener nipped off the dead flower heads.园丁掐掉了几个枯萎的花冠。；nose around [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (pry, snoop)打探；刺探The detective decided to nose around the slums to see what mischief was afoot.nose [sb/sth] out vtr phrasal sep (narrowly defeat)险险胜过；以毫厘之差胜过Horse number seven seemed all set to win, but then number eleven nosed him out.nose [sb/sth] out vtr phrasal sep (detect)嗅出；通过嗅觉找到After the avalanche, bloodhounds nosed out the buried skiers.nose up [sth], nose [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (airplane, etc.)使升起notch up [sth], notch [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (make score marks to count)赢得；获得；达成notch up [sth], notch [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative (accumulate)达到；积累note [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (write for reference)记录；记下Hold on, I'll just note that down.；offer [sth/sb] up vtr phrasal sep (present as a sacrifice)奉献给（上帝）Agamemnon offered up his daughter as a sacrifice to Zeus.；open [sth] up, open up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (make more accessible)开放；放开The school has opened up its swimming pool to the wider community.那所学校将泳池向更多人开放。opt out of [sth] vi phrasal + prep (exclude yourself)选择不加入；决定不参与；退出In 1992, Denmark opted out of the single European currency.1992年，丹麦选择不再使用单个欧洲货币。order [sth] in, order in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (buy for home delivery) (货品)订…上门order up [sth/sb], order [sth/sb] up vtr phrasal sep (military: call [sth/sb] to duty) (军队)命令上战场order up [sth], order [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (government: have [sth] provided)提供；供应order up [sth], order [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (hotel: room service)点菜；叫餐pack [sth] away vtr phrasal sep (tidy away in a box or bag)打包整理pack [sth] away vtr phrasal sep (store in large quantities)大量储存pack [sth] away vtr phrasal sep slang, figurative (eat a lot of [sth]) (俚语)大量吃；饕餮pack [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (make [sth] more compact)压紧；压实Irene packed down the blanket so that it would fit in the drawer.pack [sth] in vtr phrasal sep slang (activity: finish)结束；收工I think I'm going to pack it in for the night, it's been a long day.pack [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (audience: attract)吸引（大批观众）The Black-Eyed Peas really pack them in at their concerts.pack [sth] in vtr phrasal sep slang (fit)容纳；将…纳入How many countries can we pack in during our two-week trip?pack [sth] up, pack up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (tidy away)将…收好；整理The campers packed up their tents and went home.露营者把帐篷收起来，回家去了。pack [sth] up, pack up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (package ready for posting) (供邮寄)打包Helen packed up the gift and took it to the post office.海伦将礼物包装好，送去邮局。pad [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (written piece: add words) (写作)拉长，增长篇幅pair [sth/sb] off, pair off [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep (match, put together in twos)将...配对The teacher made all the kids groan when he paired the boys off with the girls and made them learn how to dance.pair up [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep (find a match for [sb] or [sth])牵线；牵线搭桥；配对palm [sth] off on [sb] vtr phrasal sep informal (get rid of [sth] by giving it to [sb]) (非正式用语)转手摆脱，转手处理掉The car was such a junker that she couldn't palm it off on anybody.那辆车车况极为糟糕，她没法转手给任何人。pant for [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (desire, long for)盼望；渴望After Glenn double-crossed him, Adam was panting for revenge.paper over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (put wallpaper on top of)在...上贴墙纸I papered over the poster in my new bedroom and the result is very satisfying.paper over [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (try to conceal) (比喻)试图遮掩She's trying to paper over her involvement in the crime.It is difficult to paper over an argument like the one we had last night.parcel [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (divide into sections)分配；分派Emily parcelled the estate out among her children.parcel [sth] out, parcel out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (divide, distribute)分配，把…分成几份pare [sth] away vtr phrasal sep figurative (peel off: fruit skin, etc.)去皮；削去pare [sth] away vtr phrasal sep (remove: [sth] unnecessary)去除；删除pare [sth] down vtr phrasal sep figurative (reduce to the essentials)削减，减少pare [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (peel off: fruit skin, etc.)剥除；削皮part with [sth] vtr phrasal insep (give up, give away)放弃；送走；与...分别I just couldn't part with my childhood teddy bear.pass [sth] along vtr phrasal sep (hand round, circulate)传送；传递Please pass along these hints for healthy living.pass by [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (go past)从 …旁边经过It's hard to pass by a mirror without looking at your reflection.从镜子旁边经过的时候能难不去照一下。pass by [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (ignore, overlook)不予理会；忽略The shoppers passed by the tomatoes even though they were reduced in price.购物者们忽略了那些番茄，即便它们在降价处理。pass [sth] down vtr phrasal sep often passive (property, etc.: be bequeathed) (财物等)将...传下来My mother gave me a quilt that had been passed down over many generations.妈妈给了我一个通过好几代传下来的小被子。pass [sth] down vtr phrasal sep usually passive (genetic: be inherited) (基因)遗传The gene responsible for red hair has been passed down through Ron's family.红发的基因已经在罗恩的家族里遗传下来了。pass into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (become part of)成为；进入After the king's death, the power passed into the hands of his son.pass [sth/sb] off as [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep informal (present falsely)把…冒充成He tried to pass himself off as an expert, but we could tell he didn't know much.他试图把自己冒充成专家，但我们看得出他只有一知半解。pass [sth] on vtr phrasal sep (bequeath)遗赠；传给The house and all its belongings were passed on to her.这栋房子和所有的财产都传给了她。pass [sth] on vtr phrasal sep (give to next person)把…给下一个人Take a cookie and pass them on.拿一块饼干，然后传下去。pass on [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (reject, not take)拒绝，放弃I'm afraid I must pass on your kind invitation - I'm not free that evening.我恐怕必须拒绝你的盛情邀请，那天晚上我没空。pass out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (distribute, hand out)分发The priest is passing out the communion wafers.牧师正在分发圣餐pass over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (not discuss)对…不加讨论；避开；避而不谈Mary glibly passed over the topic Eric most wanted to discuss.玛丽顺利地避开了埃里克最想讨论的话题。pass over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (fly over)飞过We live near the airport and hundreds of planes pass over our house every day.我们住在机场附近，每天都有成百上千架飞机从我们的屋顶飞过。pass over [sth] vtr phrasal sep (rub lightly with [sth] to clean)用…轻轻擦干净Mark passed the cloth over his spectacles to give them a quick clean.马克用布快速地将眼镜擦干净。pass up [sth], pass [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (forgo, deny oneself)放弃（机会等）Val simply couldn't pass up the opportunity to spend the summer in the South of France.瓦尔就是不能放弃去法国南部度过夏日的机会。paste [sth] on, paste on [sth] vtr phrasal sep (stick or affix)将…粘上；粘到…上The children pasted glitter and small shapes onto the paper to make a birthday card.paste up [sth], paste [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (stick to a wall or board)把…粘上； (印刷)拼版Paste up the wallpaper with paste made from water and flour.pat [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (flatten with the hand)压扁；拍平；patch [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (mend: clothing, tear)临时修补There are no more mice in the house since I patched up the hole in the wall.pave over [sth], pave [sth] over vtr phrasal insep (surface: a path, road)铺满；铺好Mark paved over his garden so he wouldn't have to cut the grass anymore.pawn [sth] off vtr phrasal sep nonstandard (get rid of [sth])处理掉；扔掉pay [sth] back vtr phrasal sep (return money)还…I can't afford to pay back the fifty pounds he lent me.我还不起他借给我的五十英镑。pay [sb] back for [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (take revenge for [sth])因为…报复…How shall I pay him back for that dirty trick he played on me?我应该怎么来回报他捉弄我的卑鄙行为？pay [sb] back for doing [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (take revenge for [sth])因为…报复…I still haven't paid you back for humiliating me in front of all my friends.我还没有跟你算在我朋友面前羞辱我的账。pay [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (make a down payment)付...的首付；为...支付头款pay down [sth], pay [sth] down vtr phrasal sep mainly US (partly pay off, pay back: debt)部分偿还...；为...部分还款pay in [sth], pay [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (money: put into a bank)将钱存入I went to the bank and paid in a cheque.pay [sth] in full vtr phrasal sep (pay completely)全额付款I was happy to pay the invoice in full and be free of debt.pay [sth] off, pay off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (pay all of: money owed) (指债务)偿清，还清I've nearly paid off my mortgage. The collection company kept calling me for weeks until I finally paid off my debt.我几乎还清了房屋抵押贷款。催收公司连续几星期给我打电话，直到我还清欠款。pay out [sth] vtr phrasal insep (yield a sum of money)产生巨大收益；带来很多钱This slot machine will pay out a fortune if you hit the jackpot.My pension fund will pay out enough to live on.如果你中了头奖，这台老虎机就给你一大笔钱。//我的养老基金足以支付我生活费用。pay out [sth] vtr phrasal insep (spend: a sum of money)支付巨款I paid out a lot of money for this expensive computer.我花了很多钱买了这台贵重的电脑。peck at [sth] vtr phrasal insep (bird: poke with beak) (鸟)啄The woodpecker pecked at the tree until he had drilled a hole into the bark.peck at [sth] vtr phrasal insep (bird: eat with beak) (鸟)啄食I love to watch birds pecking at the seeds in the park.peck at [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (person: nibble) (比喻)啄食, 啜食He pecks at his food since he lost his appetite during the illness.peel [sth] away vtr phrasal sep (outer layer: remove)剥掉He peeled away the latex mask to reveal his true identity.peel [sth] away vtr phrasal sep figurative (remove: [sth] concealing) (比喻)剥离The author peels away the layers of pretence to reveal the truth about polite 19th-century society.peer at [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (look curiously at)凝视；仔细看Ana peered at her phone but couldn't read the number.peer into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (look curiously into)凝视；仔细看If you peer into the cave you can just about see the bear.peg [sth] on [sb] vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (assign guilt for: [sth] on [sb])把（罪名）认定给They tried to peg the murder on him but his family knew he was innocent.peg [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (attach by pegs to a line)用木桩在地上标出...的界限The maid was attacked by a bird while pegging out the clothes on the washing line.pen [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (enclose)把…围起来The chickens were penned in by a wire fence.pen [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (enclose in a pen, fenced area)把…关起来Cattle are penned up outside the slaughterhouse.pencil [sth] in vtr phrasal sep figurative (schedule tentatively)暂时安排在；暂定于pep up, pep [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (make more exciting or lively) (非正式用语)给...加料I add chilli oil to my food to pep it up when it tastes a bit bland.perk [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (cause to rise quickly)快速抬起…来The dog perked its head up.那条狗快速地抬起脑袋来。peter into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (gradually become)逐渐衰弱成；渐渐消失成When you consider the long history of our friendship, the reasons for our quarrel peter into insignificance.phase [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (involve gradually)逐步参与；逐步涉足；逐步采用phase [sth/sb] into [sth] vtr phrasal sep (introduce in stages)分阶段地将…引入；逐步让…了解phase [sth] out, phase out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (eliminate, withdraw)逐步淘汰；使...逐步停止；逐步结束With the rise of internet banking, cheques are being phased out as a form of payment.随着网上银行的兴起，支票作为一种支付方式正在被逐步淘汰。phone [sth] in, phone in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (inform of [sth] by phone)打电话通知，打电话说明phone [sth] in, phone in [sth] vtr phrasal sep US, informal (do [sth] half-heartedly)敷衍地做phony [sth] up, phony up [sth], phoney [sth] up, phoney up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (fake)伪造；假冒The crooked lawyer phonied up a document to present in court.那位不诚实的律师伪造了一份文件呈交法庭。pick at [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep informal (find fault with) (非正式用语)挑…的毛病Her mother was always picking at her about her appearance.pick [sb/sth] off, pick off [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep slang (kill one by one) (俚语)逐个杀死The police sniper picked off the bank robbers one by one.警方的狙击手瞄准那伙银行抢劫犯，将其逐个瞄准射杀。pick [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (choose)挑出，挑选；辨认出；辨认出They've gone to pick out her engagement ring.他们去挑选她的订婚戒指了。pick over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (choose from among)在...甄选；在...中精选Mrs. Arnolds picked over the barrel of apples to find the juiciest ones.pick [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (fetch)去拿；去取Could you pick up my prescription on your way past the chemist?你经过药店的时候能帮我拿一下处方药吗？pick [sth/sb] up vtr phrasal sep (grasp, lift)拿起；提起I picked up the book which had fallen onto the floor.我捡起掉在地上的书。pick [sth] up, pick up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (acquire: a habit, mannerism) (习惯，言谈举止)学到，养成Maria was worried that her son was picking up some bad habits from the other boys at school.玛丽亚担心她的儿子在学校里从其他男孩身上学到一些不好的习惯。pick [sth] up, pick up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (learn: a language, skill) (语言，技能)学会My brother is so good at languages, he picked up French in a week.我兄弟很擅长语言，他一周就学会了法语。pick [sth] up, pick up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (learn over time, bit by bit)逐渐学会；一点一点地学会Andy picked up his cookery skills while working in his father's restaurant.安迪在他父亲的餐馆打工时逐渐学会了烹饪技术。pick [sth] up, pick up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (detect)检测到；发现The security scanner picked up something strange.The dogs picked up the scent of the deer.安检仪检测到可疑的物品。pick up on [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (detect)注意到，发现；重新回到（已提到过的要点）I made an error in my calculations, but nobody picked up on it.我的计算中有一处错误，不过没有人注意到。pick up on [sth] vi phrasal + prep (talk about: [sth] mentioned)重新谈到（已提到过的要点）Denise picked up on Laura's comment about working mothers.丹妮丝重新谈到劳拉关于要上班的母亲的评论。pile [sth] up, pile up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (place on top of one another)堆积；堆叠The toddler piled up the blocks.那个小孩将积木堆叠起来。pile [sth] up, pile up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (accumulate) (非正式用语)积累；积聚My boss is piling up the projects and I don't know when I'll have time to finish them all.我老板将项目都堆积起来，我不知道什么时候才能全部做完。pin [sb] down on [sth] vtr phrasal 3-part figurative, informal (force to a decision, statement) (非正式用语)迫使…就…明确表态；迫使…就…作出决定The interviewer struggled to pin the Prime Minister down on whether she planned to raise taxes.记者竭尽全力让首相表态是否计划增税。pin [sth] down vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal, often passive (locate, identify) (非正式用语)确定；搞清楚There is a strange noise coming from somewhere in the room but I can't pin down the exact location.The exact time of Julia's disappearance cannot be pinned down.房间某处有一种奇怪的声音，但我无法找到确切的位置。//我们无法确定茱莉亚失踪的确切时间。piss [sth] away, piss away [sth] vtr phrasal sep vulgar, slang (waste)挥霍，浪费Mark won the lottery, but within a year, he'd pissed it all away.This is your last chance to make something of your life, so don't piss it away.；pitch in [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal, figurative (contribute)凑If we each pitch in $5, we'll have enough money.如果我们每个人拿出5美元，那钱就够了。pitch on [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (decide on, choose) (非正式用语)决定，选定The couple eventually pitched on a date for their wedding.place [sth] side by side vtr phrasal sep (align, put next to each other)把…并排摆放plan on [sth], plan on doing [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (intend to)打算I don't plan on being home before midnight.plan on [sth], plan on doing [sth] vtr phrasal insep (count on, expect)预料；预计I planned on going with my sister, but she is sick so I'll have to go on my own.plan [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (organize in detail)策划By the time she was 12, she had her whole life planned out.plant [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (seedling: put in earth)种植；撒...的种子play a role in [sth] vtr phrasal insep (act a part in)在…中扮演角色；在…中起到作用My brother's playing a role in the new production of The Phantom of the Opera.My brother is playing a role in the new theatre production.play against [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (have as an opponent)与…比赛Every time I play against Tom, he beats me in every game.play along with [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep figurative, informal (feign co-operation with)假装与…合作；假装与...配合I don't always do what my mother suggests, but I play along with her plans to make her happy.我并不总是听从母亲的建议，但我还是接受了她的计划，让她开心。play around with [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (tamper)摆弄某物Someone has been playing around with the projector and now it doesn't work.play around with [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (amuse yourself)用…玩耍The dog was playing around with a stick he'd found on the ground.play at [sth] vtr phrasal insep (pretend, make believe [sth])假装The children are playing at doctors and nurses.play [sth] back, play back [sth] vtr phrasal sep (replay)重播；回放Thomas recorded himself playing guitar and then played the song back.托马斯录制了自己的吉他演奏，然后重新回放听。play [sth] by ear vtr phrasal sep (music: not follow a score)不看乐谱演奏；凭记忆演奏I read music well, but I have a hard time playing by ear. He's amazing; he never learned to read music, he just plays by ear.play [sth] down vtr phrasal sep informal (minimize significance of)贬低；淡化In my job interview I played down my previous failures and emphasized my successes.我面试时，淡化自己过去的失败，突出强调自己取得的成功。play for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (sports: represent) (体育)代表…出赛David Beckham played for his country.play for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (compete for prize)为争夺...而参赛The top three teams in the league are all playing for the title.play [sb/sth] off [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep (set against: [sth] else)在...和...挑拨离间The capricious girl played off one suitor against the other.play on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (exploit)利用Many confidence tricksters play on the sympathy of their victims.play [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (enact)表演；将…表演出来The director made the actors play the scene out again with a slightly different emphasis.导演让演员们将这出戏带着稍有不同的侧重点再表演一遍。play [sth] up, play up [sth] vtr phrasal sep US, informal (draw attention to [sth])引起对…的注意；强调，突出；渲染，夸大…的重要性She always used heavy eyeliner to play up her blue eyes.她总是化很重的眼妆来突出她的那双蓝色眼眸。play upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep (exploit, take advantage of)利用play with [sth] vtr phrasal insep (tamper or fiddle with)与（某人）一起玩耍；用（某物）玩耍；戏弄，嘲笑；玩弄Beth was playing with one of her earrings nervously.plow into [sth/sb] (US), plough into [sth/sb] (UK) vtr phrasal insep (crash into [sb] or [sth])撞上；撞入plow through [sth] (US), plough through [sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep figurative (move across with difficulty)艰难地穿过；费力穿过Because of the terrain, we were forced to plow through the enemy's most strongly defended points.plow through [sth] (US), plough through [sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep figurative (vehicle: drive through obstacles) (指机动车)艰难驶过plow through [sth] (US), plough through [sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep figurative (work through: [sth] difficult)努力耕耘；刻苦工作plow through [sth] (US), plough through [sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep figurative (read: [sth] lengthy or heavy)刻苦研读；费力阅读You will just have to plough through the archives until you find what you are looking for.plow [sth] up (US), plough [sth] up (UK) vtr phrasal sep (turn soil of a field)用犁把（土）翻起来pluck [sth] out, pluck out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (feathers, etc.: remove by pulling) (指羽毛等)拔出，拔掉pluck up [sth], pluck [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (courage, nerve: summon) (指勇气、精神等)鼓起，打起pluck up [sth], pluck [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (pull out, uproot)拔出；揪出plug [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (connect to mains supply)给…接通电源备注: A hyphen is used when the term is or modifies a nounHe plugged in the television and switched it on.他插上电视并将它打开。plug [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (hole: block, stopper) (使泄露停止)堵住；塞住plump [sth] down vtr phrasal sep informal (drop, place carelessly)随手放下...Marion plumped the shopping down on the kitchen worktop.plump [sth] up, plump up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (pillow, etc.: make plump) (枕头等)把…弄蓬松Before I get into bed, I always plump up the pillows.；point at [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (indicate with finger)（用手指）指向It was him, said the witness, pointing at the defendant.point at [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep figurative (be evidence for) (证据等)指向All the evidence points at Mr. Smith.point [sth] out, point out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (observe, remark on)评论，说明，讲解The tour guide pointed out the historical monuments as the bus drove past them.大巴驶过历史古迹时，导游会为游客们作相应的讲解。point [sth] out, point out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (identify, draw attention to)指出He pointed out the mistake in her translation.他指出了她翻译中的错误。point to [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (suggest, indicate)表明；说明All the evidence points to his being guilty of the murder.所有的证据都说明他有罪。point to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (cite, give as example)引用，提到He pointed to the recent peace agreement as one of his proudest achievements.他提到最近的和平协议便是他最自豪的成就之一。point [sth] up, point up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (draw attention to, accentuate)强调poke [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (remove by prodding)把…戳出来Be careful with that stick, you'll poke somebody's eye out with it.polish [sth] off, polish off [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (eat all of, consume)快速做完, 迅速吃完He polished off the whole cake without offering a slice to anyone else.polish [sth/sb] off, polish off [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep slang (dispose of, completely kill)杀死；干掉polish [sth] up, polish up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (clean to a shine)擦亮, 擦光I'm going to polish my headlights up so they'll look sleek.polish up [sth], polish [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative (improve)提高, 改善, 润色He handed his essay to the teacher for him to polish it up.poop out of [sth] vi phrasal + prep US, informal (give up)放弃Alice pooped out of the competition.pop at [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (shoot at, try to hit)向…射击, 击打Ralph used to spend a lot of time popping at bottles with a slingshot.pore over, pore over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (peruse, read in detail)认真打量；审视；仔细阅读Deborah was poring over an Italian cookery book.portion [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (divide into portions)把…分成几份Agatha portioned the work out among the team, so that everyone had something to do.posh [sb/sth] up, posh up [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep UK, informal (make more elegant) (物)使…更高雅； (人)使…更优雅；post [sth] up, post up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (display: a notice, etc.) (通知、公告等)张贴；公布；贴出The manager posted up the team selection in the changing room an hour before the game.pot [sth] on vtr phrasal sep (seedling: put in larger pot)移植到更大的花盆He's in the greenhouse, potting on the tomato plants.pound away at [sth] vtr phrasal insep (bang repeatedly)反复击打pound away at [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (persevere with)坚持, 对…孜孜不倦, 不屈不挠地做pound [sth] out, pound out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (produce by typing) (打字)敲出；打出She pounded out the last chapter of her novel in record time.pound [sth] out, pound out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (rhythm: produce by banging) (节拍)敲出；有节奏地击打pour [sth] off, pour off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (drain)流出Pour off the fat and add the garlic and onions.pour out [sth], pour [sth] out vtr phrasal sep figurative (express freely)倾吐，倾诉He often comes to me to pour out his troubles.他总是找我倾诉自己的困扰。power [sth] down, power down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (computer: switch off) (电脑电源)关掉；中断…电源At the end of the working week, the computer should be powered down; you should also power it down during holidays.power [sth] off, power off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (computer: shut down) (电脑等)关闭...电源；关机Before leaving the office, I always power off my computer.Never forget to power your computer off before you go home for the night.power [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (electronic device: switch on)给…通电；启动power [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (machinery, etc.: switch on)给...通电power [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (electronic device: charge)给...充电；prepare to do [sth] vtr phrasal insep (get ready to)准备；为…做准备Prepare to die, scum!preside over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be chairperson of) (会议等)主持The chairman presides over the shareholder's General Meeting.Julia presided over the AGM.preside over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (have authority over)掌管；负责；管理A judge presides over her courtroom.；press for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (demand or request urgently)敦促，迫切要求Campaigners are pressing for a change in the law.pretty [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (adorn, embellish)美化, 装点Your first draft isn't bad, but I think we can pretty it up a bit more.prick [sth] out, prick out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (transplant seedlings)移植As soon as your seedlings are big enough, you need to prick them out.print [sth] off, print off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (make a printed copy of)复印Let me just print this letter off and I will give it to you to sign.print [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (make a printed copy of)打印出来Can you print out that email for me?你能帮我把那份邮件打印出来吗？；profit by doing [sth], profit by [sth] vtr phrasal insep (gain advantage from)从…中获益We can all profit by being patient.profit by doing [sth], profit by [sth] vtr phrasal insep (make money from)从…中获得利润Naylor profited by selling the securities at higher prices than he paid for them.prop [sth/sb] up vtr phrasal sep (support, steady)支撑，撑起；支持，扶持She propped up her book to keep her hands free for knitting.她把书撑起来，以腾出手来织毛衣。；provide against [sth] vtr phrasal insep (guarantee or insure against)以防，为…做准备We keep a cellar full of canned food to provide against shortages.provide for [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (support financially)抚养；赡养He had a family to provide for, and couldn't waste money.他需要供养家庭，不能随便浪费钱。provide for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (make arrangements)为…准备；为…安排；为…筹备We need to provide for any problems that might arise.我们需要为可能发生的任何问题做好准备。provide for [sth] vtr phrasal insep formal (treaty, contract: stipulate) (条约，合同)规定This contract provides for the payment of sick pay.本合同规定支付病假工资。pry [sth] away, prize [sth] away (US), prise [sth] away (UK) vtr phrasal sep (draw away with difficulty)费劲地从...处拉开；费很大力气离开Once my son got his own laptop, I could scarcely pry him away from it.psych [sth] out vtr phrasal sep informal, abbreviation (figure out, understand)了解，明白puke up, puke [sth] up vtr phrasal sep slang (vomit) (俚语)吐出；呕吐出pull ahead of [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (overtake)赶上；赶超；领先pull ahead of [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (excel, outdo)胜过；超越pull [sth] apart, pull apart [sth] vtr phrasal sep (disassemble, take to pieces)撕开, 分开, 拉开, 拆开When she saw that her inquisitive son had pulled apart the stereo, she scolded him.pull [sth] in, pull in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (earn, acquire)获得；赚到The movie pulled in $20 million in its first week of release.这部电影在上映的第一周就收获2000万美元。pull [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (remove: clothing) (衣服)脱下He pulled off his shirt.他脱下了衬衫。pull [sth] off vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (succeed in doing [sth]) (非正式用语)成功做某事, 做到, 顺利完成The spy was able to pull off his mission with none the wiser.He surprised me - I didn't think he could pull it off.那个间谍能顺利完成他的任务，没有人比他更聪明。/ /他让我大吃一惊，我原本不认为他能成功。pull [sth] off vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (look, clothing) (衣服、打扮)驾驭Not many people could pull off that shirt with those trousers, but it actually looks good on you!没有多少人能驾驭那套衬衫搭配裤子，但你穿起来真的很好看！pull [sth] on, pull on [sth] vtr phrasal sep (clothing: put on)穿上She pulled on a sweater and jeans and went to investigate the noise.她穿上毛衣和牛仔裤，去看看那个噪音到底是怎么回事。pull out of [sth] vi phrasal + prep (withdraw involvement in)退出The new president was forced to make a decision as to whether or not to pull out of the war.新总统不得不就是否退出战争作出决定。pull [sb/sth] over vtr phrasal sep often passive (police: stop vehicle) (警察)让…把车停靠路边The police pulled us over for speeding.因为超速，警察让我们靠边停车。pull [sth] to pieces vtr phrasal sep (take or tear apart)撕碎, 把…撕成碎片pull [sth] to pieces vtr phrasal sep figurative (criticize, discredit: idea)批判, 把…说得一文不值, 把…批评得一无是处The teacher pulled my essay to pieces.pull [sth] under vtr phrasal sep (tide: drag beneath the water)把…卷到水底The strong tide pulled the young girl under and she drowned.pull [sth] up, pull up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (draw [sth] nearer)把...拉过来；将...移近pump out [sth], pump [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (emit, produce)发布；刊登The tabloid newspapers keep pumping out stories about celebrities.pump [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (extract by pumping)泵出；用泵抽出Ursula is pumping out her cellar.pump [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (inflate)打气Marilyn is pumping up her bike tyre.玛丽莲在给自行车轮胎打气。pump [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (volume: increase)增加The DJ pumped up the music and people flooded onto the dancefloor.DJ开大音乐，人们纷纷涌入舞池。pump [sb/sth] up, pump up [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, slang (cause excitement)推动, 促进, 提振；给…打气The cheerleaders did a great job of pumping up the crowd.拉拉队员在调动观众情绪方面做得很好。punch [sth] in, punch in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (use keys to enter data) (用键盘)输入...；键入...punch [sth] out, punch out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (make perforations) (用专用工具)打孔；钻孔punch through [sth] vtr phrasal insep (perforate)穿透；击穿The criminals used a power drill to punch through the safe and get the cash.punch [sth] up, punch up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (use keys to enter data)用按键输入The shopkeeper punched up the price on the till.push ahead with [sth] vi phrasal + prep (persevere with)推动...；推进...；推行...；促进...向前push [sth/sb] around vtr phrasal sep (move or shove about)把…推来推去push [sth/sb] aside, push aside [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep figurative (dismiss, disregard)抛开；搁置；把…放到一边She decided to push aside all negative thoughts and thus became a happier person.push [sth/sb] away vtr phrasal sep (shove back) (动作)推开The toddler pushed the bowl of porridge away.push [sth/sb] back, push back [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep (force to retreat)使撤退；迫使后退The Austrians counter charged and pushed the Prussian cavalry back.奥地利人奋起反击，迫使普鲁士骑兵撤退。push for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (create pressure in favour of)强烈地要求；努力促成；为…奋力争取push forward with [sth] vi phrasal + prep (proceed with despite obstacles) (不顾困难)推进，推行Although she did not receive enough financial aid, she pushed forward with her plan to attend the university.push [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (crush [sth])把…推入push on [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep literal (exert pressure against)对…施加压力；用力推push open, push [sth] open vtr phrasal sep (open by leaning or shoving)推开push [sth] out, push out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (launch hastily)推出；出品The company has pushed out their new perfume to coincide with Paris Fashion Week.这家公司推出了全新香水，配合巴黎时装周的到来。push [sth/sb] over vtr phrasal sep (shove to the ground)推倒；把…推翻push [sth] through, push through [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (force to accept)促成；推行；强推The government pushed the bill through despite the protests of many members of their party.政府不顾党内诸多成员的反对，强行通过了这项法案。put [sth] about vtr phrasal sep UK, informal (spread: a rumour) (谣言等)传播, 散布, 谣传It was put about that she was of loose moral character.put [sth] across vtr phrasal sep (convey: message, point)（尤指以欺骗手段）成功地完成；使理解；使…被人接受He put his ideas across neatly and succinctly.他通过简明扼要的方式使自己的观点被人理解。；put [sth] away, put away [sth] vtr phrasal sep (tidy up, put in correct place)把…放好；收好；整理好My dad told me to put away my clothes.我爸爸叫我把衣服收好。put [sth] away, put away [sth] vtr phrasal sep (save: money) (钱)存放；储存Every year, I put away some money for a new car.每年我都会存点钱，用来买辆新车。put [sth] away, put away [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (eat: a large amount) (大量的食物等)吃掉, 喝掉Tacos must be his favorite food because he can sure put them away!玉米饼一定是他最喜欢的食物，因为他能一下子吃掉！put [sth] away vtr phrasal sep US, informal (pet: have killed) (宠物等)杀害, 杀掉Sadly the dog's illness was untreatable, so the vet had to put it away.put [sth] back, put back [sth] vtr phrasal sep (postpone)推迟；延期Dan has gone to Houston on urgent business, so we will have to put back our meeting until next Tuesday.丹因紧急事务去了休斯顿，所以我们不得不将会议推迟到下周二。put [sth] back, put back [sth] vtr phrasal sep (replace, tidy away)把…放回原处；把…放回原地When you've finished the book, please put it back on the shelf.你看完这本书后，请放回书架。put [sth] by vtr phrasal sep (reserve, keep to one side)存放在一边；存放起来put [sth] down vtr phrasal sep euphemism (animal: kill as an act of mercy) (因不忍动物受苦而将其杀死)杀死The vet had to put our guinea pig down because she was very sick.兽医不得不将我们的天竺鼠杀死，因为她病得非常重。put [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (write, make note of)写下；记下I will put down that information in my notebook.我会把那些信息记在我的笔记本上。put [sb] down for [sth] vtr phrasal sep ([sb] promises to contribute [sth])记下…承诺捐赠So, can I put you down for a $20 donation this month? That's very generous of you. Can I put you down for £1,000?那么我能记下你这月准备捐款20美元？你真是太大方了。那我能记下你准备捐款1000英磅吗？put [sb/sth] down as [sth] vtr phrasal sep (consider [sb/sth] to be [sth])认为…是，把…看作put [sth] forth, put forth [sth] vtr phrasal sep (propose, outline) (论点、观点、建议等)提出put [sth] forward, put forward [sth] vtr phrasal sep (propose, suggest)提出；建议；提议The responsibilities were so overwhelming that no-one wanted to put himself forward.要承担的责任太大，没人愿意自告奋勇。put [sth] in, put in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (contribute)拿出, 贡献, 分担If we all put in £15, that will cover the bill.如果我们每人拿出15英镑，那就足够支付账单了。put in [sth], put [sth] in vtr phrasal sep informal (work, make effort)干，工作I put in 15 hours today.我今天工作了15小时。put [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (say, make: a comment)插话；提出"I've got a better idea," Abi put in.艾比说：“我有个更好的主意。”put [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (submit)提交；递交I've put an application in for that job.我已经申请了那份工作。put in for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (submit request)申请；提请Martha put in for 2 weeks of unpaid vacation at work.put into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (ship: enter port)入港；进港口put [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (delay until later)推迟；延迟；拖延I'm busy this afternoon; can we put our meeting off until tomorrow? He was too busy in the morning, so he put his appointment off until the afternoon.今天下午我很忙。我们能将会议推迟到明天吗？他上午太忙了，所以他把预约推迟到下午。put [sb] off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (cause to dislike)使…反感，使…对…失去兴趣That was disgusting; it has put me off my dinner.这太恶心了，我都不想吃饭了。put [sb] off of [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal, nonstandard (cause to dislike)使…不喜欢…He was put off of seafood after getting food poisoning from some prawns.他吃虾导致食物中毒，从此之后就不喜欢吃海鲜了。put [sth] on, put on [sth] vtr phrasal sep (wear: clothing) (衣服、鞋袜)穿上She put on a pretty dress to wear to the party.她穿上一件漂亮的裙子去参加派对。put [sth] on, put on [sth] vtr phrasal sep (switch on: lights, stove, etc.) (灯等)打开Put the lights on, will you? It's getting dark.把灯打开，好吗？天开始黑了。put [sth] on, put on [sth] vtr phrasal sep (set going: music) (唱片等)放, 播放Could you put a CD on? I fancy some music.你能播放一张CD吗？我想听听音乐。put [sth] on, put on [sth] vtr phrasal sep (exhibition, event, show) (展览，活动，表演)上演，举办They're putting on a production of Hamlet at the local theatre.当地剧院正在上演《哈姆雷特》。put [sth] on, put on [sth] vtr phrasal sep mainly UK (gain: weight)体重增加Keith has put on 10 lbs since he split from his wife.自从和妻子离婚后，基思胖了10磅。put [sth] on, put on [sth] vtr phrasal sep (facial expression) (面部表情)露出，做出My dog always puts on a sad face when he wants food.我的狗想吃东西时总是露出一副愁眉苦脸的样子。put [sth] on, put on [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (fake [sth])假装，装出；佯装He put on an annoying high voice to imitate his sister.The footballer pretended to be injured but he was putting it on, hoping to be awarded a penalty.他装出烦人的尖锐声，模仿他妹妹。//这位足球运动员假装受伤，但实际他在演戏，希望骗得一个点球。put [sth] on, put on [sth] vtr phrasal sep (provide a service)提供The activists are putting on coaches to take protesters to London.put [sth] on vtr phrasal sep (apply: makeup)上妆；化妆put [sb] on to [sth], put [sb] onto [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (inform about)向某人报告；将…告知某人put [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (fire: extinguish)熄灭；灭火Quickly! Someone please put out the fire!快！谁能来把火扑灭！put [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (light: switch off) (灯)关，熄I put out the light and within moments, I was fast asleep.我将灯关了，没多久我就睡着了。put [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (body part: extend) (身体部位)伸出Jim put his hand out for Karen to shake.I put my left leg out to show the doctor the strange growth.吉姆伸出手让凯伦握手。//我伸出左腿，给医生看那长出的奇怪东西。put [sth] out, put out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (publish, issue)出版；发行They put out a new issue of the magazine every 5th of the month.每月5号他们就会出版该杂志的新一期。put [sth] over, put over [sth] vtr phrasal sep (convey, communicate)把…表达清楚；阐释；传达The lecturer knows how to put over his theories.讲师知道如何把自己的理论表达清楚。；put [sth] up, put up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (mount on wall)张贴；支起He put a picture up for visitors to see.I need to put up some new shelves in the kitchen.他挂了一幅画供参观者欣赏。//我需要在厨房里安装一些新架子。put [sth] up, put up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (price: increase) (价格)抬高We've been forced to put up our prices to cover the costs of raw materials.我们被迫提高价格来弥补原材料的成本。put [sth] up, put up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (raise)举起Put your hand up if you know the answer.知道答案的请举手。put [sth] up, put up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (erect)搭起；竖立起The scouts put up their tent as soon as they arrived at the campsite.That building firm is putting up a new block of flats near the river.侦察兵们一到营地就支起了帐篷。//那家建筑公司正在河滨盖一幢新的公寓楼。put [sth] up, put up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (sum: contribute) (金额)出资，提供Charlotte's parents put up £1,000 towards her travelling expenses.夏洛特的父母为她提供了1000英镑的旅行费。put up at [sth] vi phrasal + prep (stay, be accommodated at)住在；在…投宿We put up at a lovely hotel just outside of town.我们在城外一家精美的宾馆里住了下来。put [sb] up to [sth] vtr phrasal sep (persuade [sb] to do [sth])唆使某人做某事；怂恿某人做某事Rick was questioned by police but would not reveal who put him up to the crime.里克遭到警方的审问，不过就是不透露出唆使他犯罪的元凶。puzzle [sth] out, puzzle out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (figure [sth] out)思索出puzzle over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be mystified by)对…感到迷惑Since he had been away for the summer, he was puzzled over his high utility bills.puzzle over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (try to solve or understand)为…伤脑筋；为…苦思冥想He puzzled over the equation for weeks before finally finding the solution.quarrel with [sth] vtr phrasal insep (disagree)不同意；不赞同；反对备注: Often used in negative sentences.I'm not quarrelling with Bill's advice; I just think he could have offered it more politely.我不是不赞同比尔的忠告，我只是觉得他提出来时可以更礼貌一些。quarrel over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (argue about)为…而争吵；因…而争执Money was always short in the household, and so the couple quarrelled over bills incessantly.rabbit on about [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep UK, slang (talk incessantly)没完没了地讲Barbara is always rabbiting on about her lazy husband.rack [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (accumulate)添草料；累积得分；累计Canada racked up fourteen gold medals in the Winter Olympics. I travel for business so I rack up a lot of frequent flier miles.加拿大在冬季奥运会上累计获得14枚金牌。我经常商务出差，所以累计了很多常旅客飞行里程。raffle [sth] off, raffle off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (sell by lottery)举行抽奖销售活动；参加抽奖销售活动Our parish church will raffle off a new car to raise money for our youth groups.railroad [sth] through vtr phrasal sep US, informal, figurative (force, push through)强迫通过，强行通过；施压使通过The mayor's trying to railroad the law through the council.raise [sth/sb] up vtr phrasal sep (lift, hold aloft)提起；举起A kid asked me to raise him up so he could see the parade better.一个小孩让我举起他，好让他更清楚地看到游行队伍。rake [sth] in, rake in [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (gather, accumulate)聚集；大量地敛集Since he started his new job he's been raking in the money.rake [sth] out, rake out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (clear using a rake) (清理)把…耙出来Linda raked out the fire.rake over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (think about continuously)反复思虑rake [sth] up, rake up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (clear with a rake)用耙子聚拢, 耙在一起It's a lot of work raking up fallen leaves at this time of year.rake [sth] up, rake up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (bring to notice: [sth] from the past)重新提起, 重翻…旧账He seems to enjoy raking up old family scandals.ramp [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (effort, work: decrease, slow)减少，减低ramp [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (project: bring to a close) (项目)让…收尾，让…进入尾声ramp [sth] up, ramp up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (increase, intensify)加强；提升The company hopes to boost sales by ramping up its advertising.这家公司希望加大广告力度来促进销售。；rap [sth] out, rap out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (say quickly)快速说出The sergeant rapped out his orders to the soldiers.rat on [sth] vtr phrasal insep UK, informal (break: a promise) (承诺)没遵守，违背He ratted on his promise to help me move.他承诺帮我搬家，却没有守诺。ratchet [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative (increase, intensify)增加；变强The candidates ratcheted up their campaigns in the final week.This is an excellent thriller; the author really knows how to ratchet up the tension.离选举还有最后一周，候选人们加大了游说力度。这部惊悚电影非常好，编剧非常擅长营造紧张气氛。ratchet [sth] down vtr phrasal sep figurative (cause to decrease)使...降低；让...变少rattle [sth] down, rattle down [sth] vtr phrasal sep UK, informal (recite)背诵rattle [sth] off, rattle off [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (recite quickly)快速说出...；飞快地说...rattle [sth] out vtr phrasal sep UK, informal (produce [sth] hastily: words, sound)急促地说出；急匆匆地讲出reach across [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (stretch arm over)伸手够，伸手拿Susie knocked my wine glass over when she reached across the table to get the salt.reach across [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (extend over)延伸，延展Graceful elm trees reached across the garden path.reach for [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (turn to, resort to)求助于；找寻Instead of apologising for his mistakes, Don always reaches for excuses.reach out [sth], reach [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (arm, hand: extend)伸出When the girl fell over, her father reached out a hand to help her up.女孩摔倒时，她父亲伸手将她扶了起来。read [sth] again vtr phrasal sep (re-read)重新再读；再读一次read [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (data: transfer) (数据)传输；传送read [sth] out, read out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (recite aloud)大声朗诵；大声读出She read the letter out to me over the phone.电话里，她向我大声读出了那封信。read over [sth], read [sth] over vtr phrasal insep (review, look through)重读；再读Please read over my report and tell me if you notice any glaring errors.Read the instructions over and make sure you understand what you have to do.read through [sth] vtr phrasal insep (document: review, read fully)通读；仔细阅读It is wise to read through any document before signing it.read through [sth] vtr phrasal insep (play, scene: rehearse) (指剧本或台词)通读，试读，排练The cast read through the entire script from start to finish.read up on [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep (research)研究；查找...的信息I like to read up on a subject before expressing an opinion.reason [sth] out, reason out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (justify, rationalize)分析；推论You can solve a logic problem by just reasoning it out.；reckon on [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (count on, rely on)指望，依靠Brian hoped that he could reckon on his wife's support.reckon with [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (take account of [sth/sb])考虑到；想到We thought we'd beat the other team easily, but we hadn't reckoned with their new striker.reckon with [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (deal with [sb/sth])对付；解决Emily was surprised how many small difficulties she had to reckon with as a new mother.reckon without [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (fail to take account of [sth])忽略；未考虑Tony thought taking Nathan's lunch money would be easy, but he had reckoned without Nathan's older brother who was watching from the other side of the playground.recur to, recur to [sth] vtr phrasal insep formal (have recourse to)借助于If they refuse to refund your money, you can always recur to small-claims court.；reduce [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (cookery: boil down)煮浓；熬浓Reduce the sauce down by simmering rapidly.reek of [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (be characterized by: [sth] bad)带有某种明显的特点, 充满The luxury condo building reeks of bad taste.reel [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (fish: catch)收起钓鱼线钓起Once the fish is hooked, reel it in as quick as you can.reel [sth] off vtr phrasal sep informal (recite)剿（丝）；一口气说出；滔滔不绝地讲The award-winner reeled off a long list of all the people he wished to thank.reengage in [sth] (US), re-engage in [sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep (join [sth] again)重新加入；重新参加；register with [sth] vtr phrasal insep (sign up or enrol with)向…登记；向…注册If you wish to vote you must first register with the electoral commission.；rein [sth] back, rein back [sth] vtr phrasal sep (restrain, hold back)牵制，拉回来，控制住rein [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (hold back, control)严加管束；止住Neil galloped to the top of the hill before reining in his mount.rein [sb/sth] in vtr phrasal sep figurative (control, restrain)管制；控制Amanda was getting carried away with the project and was in danger of going over budget, so her boss had to rein her in.relate to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be connected with)与…相关His stories never seem to relate to anything in the real world.他的故事好像从来都不与现实中的任何事物相关。relate to [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep informal (empathize with)感受到；与…感同身受I can relate to his situation.对于他的处境，我可以感同身受。；rely on [sth], rely upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep (depend on)依靠；指靠Can you rely on that car?那辆车你指得上吗？remark [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (programming: delete with comment) (计算机)注释排除，把…标记为注解render [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (reduce by melting)提取；熬成render [sth] up vtr phrasal sep literary (yield)交出，让出，吐露Anne and George explored the secret passage, hoping it would render up its secrets.rent [sth] out, rent out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (hire, offer for rental)租出I've decided to rent out my flat.reply to [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (answer, respond to)回答；回应He remained silent and did not reply to my question.reply to [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (write back to)回信John's letter arrived six weeks ago; I really must reply to him.；resolve to do [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be determined to)下决心They are resolved to vote him out of office.For this New Year, I resolve to lose ten pounds.resort to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (have recourse to) (指某种方法)采取；诉诸某种手段The demonstration was largely peaceful, though a small number of protesters resorted to violence.大部分示威者都很和平，但有小部分人诉诸了暴力。rest on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (depend on, rely on)依赖；取决于The whole deal rests on your ability to keep your promises.rest on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be based on)基于rest upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep (rely on)依赖；取决于You need to rethink your argument, as it presently rests upon a very flimsy premise.result in [sth] vtr phrasal insep (lead to, bring about)导致Failing the test will result in a poor class grade.如果这场考试挂科，将会对你的课堂成绩产生负面影响。rev [sth] up, rev up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (engine, etc.) (引擎等)加速, 加快转速Is it necessary to rev up your engine quite so loudly?rev [sth] up, rev up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (make more active, improve)使...活跃rid [sb/sth] of [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep formal (free of, clear of)从…中清除Henry was a very tidy man and, when he moved in, he rid Amanda's house of clutter.We haven't managed to rid all the children of their head lice yet.亨利是个十分整洁的男人，搬进来的时候，他从阿曼达的房子中清除了一大堆杂物。我们还未清除所有孩子们头上的跳蚤。；rid [sth] up, rid up [sth], redd [sth] up, redd up [sth] vtr phrasal sep US, regional, dated (clean, clear)清扫；清理It's Don's turn to rid up the dishes.ride on [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal, figurative (be at stake in)押在...上；指望There's a lot riding on the outcome of this contest - not least, my reputation!ride [sth] out, ride out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (endure)安全渡过；经受住We rode out the bad weather in the cabin.我们在木屋里安全地渡过了暴风雨。riff on, riff on [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative, informal (improvise on: a theme)即兴重复讲The comedian riffed on current political tensions.rifle around in [sth] vi phrasal + prep (rummage in) (在...翻找) 没有提供翻译 John rifled around in the glove compartment for some spare change.rig [sth] out, rig out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (boat: equip)给（船只）装配就绪This boat has been rigged out for speed.ring up [sth], ring [sth] up vtr phrasal sep US, informal (enter price on cash register)把…记入现金记录机；把…敲入收银机Although it was clearly marked $9.95, the clerk mistakenly rang up $19.95.尽管明确地标着9.95美元，不过店员却错误地把金额19.95美元敲入收银机。rinse [sth] out, rinse out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (wash clear)冲洗干净Do you mind rinsing out the sink? It's a bit greasy.rip off [sth], rip [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (clothes: remove quickly) (衣服)扯掉；快速脱掉Seeing the cool, shimmering surface of the water, Steve ripped off his clothes and dived in.看到闪闪发光的清凉水面，史蒂夫当即脱下衣服，跳入水中。rip off [sth], rip [sth] off vtr phrasal sep slang (steal, plagiarize)剽窃；盗用；抄袭Carol accused Matthew of ripping off her work.卡罗尔指控马修剽窃她的作品。rip [sth] out vtr phrasal sep US, figurative, slang (oath: say angrily)愤怒地说（粗话）The man got angry and ripped out a string of oaths.rip through [sth] vtr phrasal insep (fire: spread quickly) (火)飞速蔓延，快速烧穿Before the fire brigade could get there, the fire had ripped through three houses in the street.rip through [sth] vtr phrasal insep (tornado: move quickly)席卷...The tornado ripped through the town, leaving a trail of destruction in its wake.rip [sth] up, rip up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (tear to pieces)把…撕碎The guards ripped up his passport in front of him.警卫当着他的面，把他的护照撕碎了。rise above [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep figurative (be unaffected by)不受…影响Prudence hoped she could rise above the petty gossip and narrow-minded behavior of those in the neighborhood.rise up against [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (revolt, protest)起义反抗；造反The oppressed people will rise up against their autocratic government.受压迫的民众起义反抗专制的政府。roll [sth] back vtr phrasal sep figurative (reduce: prices)使（物价等）回到原来的状态，下调；下跌；回落They're not rolling back prices; they are still too high.他们并没有下调物价，价格还是异常地高。roll [sth] back vtr phrasal sep figurative (return to previous state)恢复..., 还原...roll [sth] back vtr phrasal sep figurative (postpone)推迟...roll back to [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (revert)回到；返回I rolled back to the previous version of the software and it worked fine.roll in [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal, figurative (have in abundance)大量涌来I grew so many potatoes that I was rolling in them.roll [sth] out, roll out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (introduce [sth] new to public)推出The company plans to roll out its new product range in the spring.这家公司计划在春季推出新品系列。roll [sth] up, roll up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (wind into a scroll)卷起He rolled up the certificates and kept them in a safe place.他将证书卷起来，放到安全的地方。roll up to [sth], roll up at [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal, figurative (arrive somewhere)到达；出现在The drivers rolled up to the starting line and waited for the race to begin.车手们汇集在起跑线上，等待比赛开始。root around in [sth] vi phrasal + prep (rummage in [sth])在...四下翻找He spent hours rooting around in the shed just to find a flowerpot.root around for [sth] vi phrasal + prep (rummage, search)四下里翻找root for [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (support, cheer on) (非正式用语)支持He always rooted for the underdog.root [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (find and eliminate)搜寻，找出；根除It's almost impossible to root out the causes of poverty.root [sth/sb] out vtr phrasal sep (hunt down)找出；挖出The Prime Minister was determined to root out the terrorists and bring them to justice.root through [sth] vtr phrasal insep (search through many things)翻遍rope [sth] off, rope off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (block access to, cordon off)用绳子隔开；用绳子圈起The police roped off the area where the crime was committed.The police roped off the crime scene.rough in [sth], rough [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (drawing, etc.: make a first draft)草拟；为...打草稿rough in [sth], rough [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (building: install the basic pipes, etc.) (指管线等)铺设，架设备注: 指在建筑基础结构完成后，对管道和电线等的铺设rough [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (outline, plan sketchily)拟出…的梗概I can rough out the plans for your house but you have to hire an architect for the finished plans.rough [sth] up, rough up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (make rough)把...弄粗糙；使...变粗糙Rough up the surface of the wood before you paint it.round [sth] down, round [sth] down to [sth] vtr phrasal sep (express as previous whole number) (数字)把…向下舍入The answer was 5.1, so I rounded it down to 5.round [sth] off, round [sth] off with [sth], round [sth] off by doing [sth] vtr phrasal sep (end, conclude)使圆满结束He rounded off his speech with a joke, leaving the audience in a good mood.他以一个笑话结束了他的演讲，为听众带来了愉悦的心情。round [sth] off, round [sth] off to [sth] vtr phrasal sep (express as nearest whole number)以整数计；四舍五入The price was eighty-seven euros, but the clerk rounded it off to eighty-five.价格是八十七欧元，但店员将其四舍五入到八十五欧元。round [sth] off, round off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (make [sth] less jagged)弄圆滑；磨圆滑Lana trimmed her fingernails, then used an emery board to round off the ends.拉娜修剪了她的指甲，然后用磨甲板将指甲尖磨平滑。round [sth] out vtr phrasal sep figurative (make fuller or more complete)使饱满；使丰满起来The volunteer work Dave did last summer really rounded out his resume.round [sth] up, round up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (animals: herd) (指动物)使聚拢，驱拢； (指动物)赶到一起The sheep have scattered, so we must round them up again.羊群散开了，所以我们必须再一次把它们聚拢。round [sth/sb] up, round up [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep figurative (people: bring together) (指人群)集合，召集If we want to play football we must first round up some players.如果想要踢足球，我们首先得召集一些球员。round [sth] up to [sth] vtr phrasal sep (express as next whole number)将…取整为Round the answer up to the nearest 10.将答案取整为10。；rout [sb/sth] out, rout out [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep US (force from a place)将...赶走rout [sth] out, rout out [sth] vtr phrasal sep US (search and find)找到；寻得She dug through the box and routed out a pair of shoes.rub [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (horse: clean away sweat, dust) (马)把…梳洗干净rub [sth/sb] down vtr phrasal sep (rub thoroughly)擦遍rub [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (spread and cause to be absorbed)按摩...以助吸收Apply the ointment and rub it in.rub [sth] in, rub in [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (remind of [sth] unpleasant)反复提...事；哪壶不开提哪壶；触人...的痛处My colleagues kept rubbing in the fact that I'd made a huge mistake.rub off on [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep (be smeared onto [sth] else)擦到...上，蹭上The dirt from his clothes rubbed off on the furniture.他衣服上的尘土蹭到了家具上。rub [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (erase)擦掉；抹掉If you write in pencil, it's easier to rub out your mistakes.如果用铅笔，写错了字就更容易擦掉。rub [sth] up, rub up [sth] vtr phrasal sep mainly UK, dated, rare (refresh memory, revise [sth])忆起；回顾Charles decided to rub up his dance steps before the ball.rule [sb/sth] off vtr phrasal sep (disqualify [sb/sth] from contest)取消...参赛资格rule [sth] out, rule out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (eliminate, exclude)排除；不考虑The police ruled out the obvious suspect because he had an alibi for the time of the murder.Police have ruled out robbery as a motive for the attack.警方排除了那个明显可疑人员的嫌疑，因为他在谋杀案发生时有不在场证明。//警方排除了抢劫的动机。rule [sth] out, rule out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (make impossible)排除…的可能性；使…不可能It hadn't yet snowed, so skiing was ruled out.天没有下雪，所以不可能去滑雪。rummage around, rummage around in [sth] vi phrasal (search using hands)翻找；搜寻I rummaged around in my bag and found a pen.run across [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (encounter by chance)不期而遇, 偶然发现On the writers' weekend, I ran across a guy with a lot of useful contacts in the publishing world.I ran across this quote by Oscar Wilde while studying another author.在作家聚会的周末，我偶然遇到了一位在出版界颇有人脉的人。//在研究另一名作家时，我偶然读到了奥斯卡·王尔德的这句话。run after [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (chase)追赶My dog loves to run after a ball.我的狗喜欢追着球跑。run at [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (charge [sb/sth])冲向run away, run away from [sth] vi phrasal (flee, escape)逃跑；逃走He ran away before the police could catch him.The people ran away from the lion that escaped from the zoo.在警察抓到他之前，他就跑掉了。//人们纷纷逃离那只从动物园里跑出来的狮子。run away, run away from [sth] vi phrasal informal (child: leave home)离家出走, 逃家Sometimes children run away from home when they are mad at their parents.有时孩子在生父母气的时候会离家出走。run away with [sth] vi phrasal (steal [sth])偷走了The masked man ran away with the silver.蒙面之人偷走了银器。run [sth] back vtr phrasal sep (return [sth])归还...；返还...run [sth] by [sb], run [sth] past [sb] vtr phrasal sep informal (check [sth] with [sb])就...问问...的意见；问问...对...的意见I'll run those dates by my boss to make sure he's available then.run [sb/sth] down vtr phrasal sep informal (disparage)贬低，诽谤Mark's girlfriend is always running him down; she never says anything nice about him.马克的女朋友总是贬低他，她从来没说过他的好话。run [sb/sth] down, run [sb/sth] down vtr phrasal sep (hit with a vehicle) (车辆)撞倒A man was injured when a car thief ran him down and sped off.偷车贼撞倒这个人之后迅速逃离，被撞的人也因此受伤。run for [sth] vtr phrasal insep US (stand for: election)竞选Mr Jones is running for election as an independent candidate.run from [sth] vtr phrasal insep (try to escape or evade [sth])逃避You can run from your problems, but that won't solve them.run in [sth], run [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (printing: add without indenting) (印刷)接排run [sth] in, run in [sth] vtr phrasal sep UK (car, engine: break in, use when new) (新车)磨合run into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (encounter [sth])遭遇；陷入The project has run into some difficulties.这个项目遭遇了一些困难。run into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (reach)达到...The damages run into hundreds of thousands of pounds.损失达到几十万英镑。run [sth] off, run off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (copies: print, duplicate)打印；复印Could you please run off a hundred copies of this handout for me?能请你帮我复印100份这个讲义么？run off with [sth] vi phrasal + prep (steal)偷走The housekeeper ran off with the silver.管家偷走了银器。run out of [sth] vi phrasal + prep (use up supplies)耗尽；用完We do need to go shopping as we have run out of teabags.我们的茶包用完了，我们确实需要去购物了。run out of [sth] vi phrasal + prep (exit rapidly)跑出；从…奔出Petra found the film so scary, she ran out of the cinema.佩特拉觉得这部电影太吓人了，所以她跑出了影院。run [sb] out of [sth] vtr phrasal sep (force to leave)把...驱逐出The townspeople ran the horse thief out of town.镇民们把偷马贼赶出了城。run over [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep (vehicle: knock down)撞倒；撞翻I'm so sorry; I accidentally ran over your cat!十分抱歉，我开车不小心碾到了你的猫！run over [sth] vtr phrasal sep (exceed limit of [sth]) (限度)超越；超过This project has run over budget.这个项目超出了预算。run over [sth] vtr phrasal sep (go over)复习；回顾Julie ran over her lines one last time before stepping out onto the stage.Martin ran over the events of the day in his mind.在登台前，朱莉最后过了一遍台词。//马丁在脑子里回想当天发生的事情。run over to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (dash to)向…猛冲；奔向Can you just run over to John's and deliver this card?run through [sth], run over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (rehearse, review)排练；复习We will run through that difficult song once more before the show starts.演出开始前，我们会将那首难唱的歌曲再排练一遍。run to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (cost) (指成本开销)达到...；可达...The cost of a new roof could run to several thousand dollars.run to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (extend to)延长至...；拓展至...The author's final draft ran to over 500 pages.run to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (tend toward)倾向于...；更喜欢...The teenager's taste in movies ran to horror and slapstick comedies.run up to [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep (run to [sth/sb] and stop)跑向；奔向The boys ran up to the front of the church.男孩子们跑向教堂前面。run [sth] up, run up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (incur bill) (账单等)积欠Shawna ran up a huge phone bill last month.肖娜积欠了一大笔上个月的话费。run [sth] up, run up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (make larger, increase)使...快速上涨；令…迅速增加The sudden shortage ran up the prices of butter and cheese.突发的短缺使黄油跟奶酪的价格快速上涨。run up against [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (face: challenges)面对...的挑战；遭遇了The explorers ran up against some serious problems when the weather suddenly worsened.rush into [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (do hastily)仓促地做, 匆匆忙忙作出Don't rush into a decision which you may regret later.rustle [sth] up, rustle up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (food: prepare quickly)急急忙忙弄好；赶快弄好It was difficult, but Linda was able to rustle up dinner for the unexpected guests.sack [sth] off vtr phrasal sep slang (avoid doing) (俚语)避免做某事saddle up [sth], saddle [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (horse: put a saddle on) (马)给...上鞍She saddled up her horse and rode away.sail into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (act vigorously)精力充沛地做某事sail through [sth] vtr phrasal insep (easily endure, succeed easily)轻而易举地通过...；顺利通过...Mark sailed through his driving test without any problems.salt [sth] away, salt away [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (save, keep in reserve)贮存；蓄存；保存；save up for [sth] vi phrasal + prep (put money aside for)为…存钱；为…攒钱I am trying to save up for a new car.我在设法存钱买一辆新车。save [sth] up, save up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (accumulate [sth])积攒, 积累Have you been saving all that work up for me?你把所有的工作都留给我吗？saw [sth] off, saw off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (sever by sawing)锯掉；锯下scale [sth] down, scale down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (reduce, downsize)按比例缩减scale up [sth], scale [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative (increase, upsize)按比例增加Now that the business is turning a profit, it is time to scale up operations.现在企业开始盈利，是时候扩大经营规模了。scare [sb/sth] away vtr phrasal sep (frighten off [sb], [sth])吓走The scarecrows in the garden did nothing to scare away the rabbits.scare [sb/sth] away from [sth], scare [sb/sth] away from doing [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (deter [sb], [sth])使…望而却步I don't mean to scare you away from taking this class, but it'll be a lot of work.scare [sb/sth] off vtr phrasal sep (frighten away)吓走The scarecrow was used to scare off birds.scare [sth] up, scare up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (gather)凑合Things are a bit quiet at the moment, so I'm trying to think of ways to scare up more business.；scope [sth/sb] out vtr phrasal sep informal (investigate)调查...；观察...；检查...We scoped out the restaurant to see if it would be a good place to celebrate Clive's birthday.scramble up [sth], scramble [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (mix up)把…搅混起来；把…混合The teacher scrambled the words up and asked the children to put them in the correct order.scrape through [sth] (UK), scrape by [sth] (US) vtr phrasal insep figurative, informal (only just succeed in [sth])勉强通过某事；压线通过某事scrape [sth] together, scrape together [sth], scrape [sth] up, scrape up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (struggle to gather [sth])勉强凑齐If we had only scraped together a little more money, we'd be living in our dream house.Jim and Emily managed to scrape up the deposit for the flat they wanted.screen [sth] out, screen out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (eliminate)清除；剔除；屏蔽Employers often screen out applicants who give incomplete information or who are obviously not qualified.screw [sth] in, screw in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (twist into place)拧进The light bulb broke as he was screwing it in.screw [sth] up, screw up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (twist)扭曲The kids screwed up their faces when I suggested they tidy their rooms.当我让孩子们整理房间的时候，他们朝我做鬼脸。screw [sth] up, screw up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (do badly)犯大错We've only got one chance so don't screw this up.我们只有一次机会，所以不要搞砸了。screw [sth] up, screw up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (ruin or spoil)搞糟, 弄糟I've totally screwed up this soup by putting too much salt in it.我在汤里放了太多盐，把它完全毁了。scrimp on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (use sparingly)在…上节俭；在…上吝啬My client told me not to scrimp on anything when I redid the front reception area.我客户跟我说在重装前台区域时无需节省开支。scrub [sth/sb] down, scrub down [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep (clean thoroughly)清洗scrub [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (clean by rubbing)擦净These water stains are impossible to scrub out.scrub [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (erase by rubbing)擦掉The teacher scrubbed out the list of vocabulary she had written on the board.scrunch [sth] up, scrunch up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (crumple)揉皱；把…弄皱；把…揉成一团The writer scrunched the paper up and started over from scratch.作者把纸张揉成一团并从头开写。seal [sth] in, seal in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (close within tightly)封入The nurse sealed the blood sample in a small plastic container.seal [sth] off, seal off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (isolate, cordon off)封锁；封闭The scene of the road traffic accident has been sealed off by the police.警方已经封锁了道路交通事故现场。seal [sth] up, seal up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (make water- or air-tight)密封When making preserves it is important to seal up the jars to prevent air getting in and contaminating the fruit.seal [sth] up, seal up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (enclose, shut away)把…封起来The ancient Egyptians sealed up the tombs of the Pharaohs along with the goods they would need in the next world.search [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (hunt for, seek)找出；查出We spent months searching out the best Thai restaurant in the city.search [sth] up, search up [sth] vtr phrasal sep colloquial (look [sth] up online)上网搜索see about [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (attend to, deal with)办理；处理；安排Our guests will be here soon, so I'd better see about getting some food prepared.see about [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (consider)考虑You want to go out tonight? Well, we'll see about that when you've finished all your homework.see after [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep US (look after, take care of)照顾；照料see into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (predict: the future)预见A clairvoyant can see into the future.see into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (look inside)看…的内部I could see into the house through the ground-floor window.see into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (know real nature of)看穿I could see into the politician's real motives by closely examining his parliamentary speeches.see over [sth] vtr phrasal insep UK (building: tour, inspect)查看；观看；观察see past [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal, figurative (disregard: negative aspects of)看淡see past [sth] vtr phrasal insep (not be mislead by)看透see [sth] through vtr phrasal sep informal (task, project: complete)把…做完；把…坚持到底It won't be easy, but we'll see this project through.虽然会很难，不过我们会把这个项目做完的。see to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (tend or attend to)照顾；照料；护理Your bicycle has a flat tire, sir? We'll see to it right away.先生，您的自行车胎漏气了。我们马上进行护理。；seek after [sth] vtr phrasal insep (search for, try to find)追求；寻求seek [sth/sb] out, seek out [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep (search, hunt)找出，找到After moving to a new city, she decided to seek out like-minded people.搬到一个新城市之后，她决定去找与自己志同道合的人。seize on [sth], seize upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (adopt, exploit)抓住；利用A great tennis player will seize upon his opponent's mistakes and use them to his own advantage.sell [sb] [sth] vtr phrasal sep mainly US (persuade to buy)将...推销给As hard as he tried, he couldn't sell her the car.虽然他很努力，但还是没能将车推销给她。sell [sb] on [sth] vtr phrasal sep mainly US (convince) (非正式用语)使某人同意某事； (想法等)把某事成功推销给某人；使某人赞成某事As hard as he tried, he couldn't sell her on the idea.虽然他很努力，但还是没能把那个想法成功推销给她。sell [sth] off, sell off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (dispose of by selling)减价出售The company will sell off some of its assets to raise cash. If he needs money he should sell off his collection of paintings.这家公司将会减价出售其资产来筹措现金。如果他缺钱的话，他就应该减价出售自己的画作收藏。sell [sth] out, sell out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (stock: discount)（降价）清仓（库存）Year-end clearances are when they sell out the current car models.年末清仓就是指商家开始降价清仓处理现有车型的时候。send [sth] back, send back [sth] vtr phrasal sep (return: an item)归还，送还；寄回If mail-order clothes do not fit, you can usually send them back to the supplier.如果邮购的衣服不合身，你完全可以将它们寄回给卖家。send [sb] for [sth] vtr phrasal sep (ask or order: [sb] to fetch [sth])派…去取，派…去拿；派…去买The doctor sent his assistant for some warm water.send for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (order for [sth] to be brought)订购Spring is almost here; it's time to send for my seeds.send forth [sth], send [sth] forth vtr phrasal sep (release, issue)出版，发行send forth [sth], send [sth] forth vtr phrasal sep (emit, give off)发出，散发send [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (post, mail)邮寄send [sth] off, send off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (mail, post)寄送；邮寄I went to the post office and sent off a package to my friend.我去邮局给我朋友寄送一个包裹。send [sth] out, send out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (distribute by mail) (信件)发送，发出Political campaign teams send out letters of thanks to financial donors.政治竞选团队向资金捐赠人发出感谢信。send out for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (food: order to be delivered) (如点餐)点，订send [sth] over vtr phrasal sep (transmit, transfer)传送；发送Let me know your email address and I'll send the report over.send [sth] through vtr phrasal sep (convey or transmit)发送The cell phone towers are down because of the natural disaster, so we can't send calls or messages through.The server was down, so we were unable to send messages through.send [sth/sb] up, send up [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (mock, parody)取笑, 嘲弄In 1962 and 63, the programme "That was the week that was" would send up politicians on BBC television.；serve out [sth], serve [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (dish up, distribute: food) (食物)分发The lunch ladies in the cafeteria serve out the day's meal of meatballs.serve out [sth], serve [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (complete: a prison sentence)服满...的刑期serve [sth] up, serve up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (dish up, distribute: food)端上...的饭菜；备了...的饭菜Helen served up a delicious meal of chicken and roast potatoes.set about doing [sth] vtr phrasal insep (start: doing)开始做Julius set about arranging his collection of butterflies.朱利叶斯开始整理自己的蝴蝶收藏。set [sb] against [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep (cause to oppose [sb] or [sth])使某人与…对立Please don't set him against me by spreading rumors that I talk about him behind his back.set [sth] against [sth] vtr phrasal sep (contrast with)把…和…进行比较This amount of money looks very small if you set it against what we spend each year on marketing.set [sth] against [sth], set [sth] off against [sth] vtr phrasal sep (offset: cost, damages) (成本或损失等)将...与...抵销，以...补set [sth] apart vtr phrasal sep (distinguish, make different)区别；区分Stein's intelligence sets him apart from other soccer players.斯坦因的才智让从其他足球运动员中脱颖而出。set [sth] apart, set apart [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (reserve, put aside)留出The family set one bedroom apart for use by guests.这家人留出一间卧室供客人使用。set [sth] aside, set aside [sth] vtr phrasal sep (put to one side)放在一边；搁置I set aside my work to check on the baby. Set your pencils aside and read through the test first.我暂时放下手中的工作去看看宝宝。请暂时将你的铅笔放在一边，先通读试卷。set [sth] aside, set aside [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (disregard temporarily) (比喻)放下Set your fears aside and jump into the water.放下你的恐惧，大胆地跳进水里去。set by [sth] vtr phrasal sep (save, put aside for later)留出；搁起来以备将来之需Estelle set by some sandwiches in case she felt hungry later in the day.set [sth] down, set down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (place, put on a surface)放在；放置；放下She set down the book on a nearby table.她将书放在附近的一张桌子上。set [sth] down, set down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (put in writing)写下；记下If you set your thoughts down on paper first, it helps you to think about things more clearly.如果你能先把自己的想法写下来，这样就能更有条理地进进行思考。set [sth] forth, set forth [sth] vtr phrasal sep (present, describe)陈述；讲述In his autobiography, he sets forth the story of his life.在自传中，他讲述自己的人生故事。set off on [sth] vi phrasal + prep (begin: a journey) (旅程)开始That morning, we set off on our trip to California.那天早上，我们开始了加州之旅。set off for [sth] vi phrasal + prep (begin a journey)动身去；出发去I usually set off for work at 8 a.m.我通常早上8点出发去上班。set [sth] off, set off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (trigger, switch on)触发；启动He set off an alarm when he opened the back door.他打开后门时触发了警报。set [sth] off, set off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (event: cause to happen)引发；触发The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand set off the First World War.弗朗茨·斐迪南大公遇刺引发了第一次世界大战。set [sth] off, set off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (highlight by contrasting)衬托That colour looks good on you; it sets off your eyes.你用那个颜色很好看，它能衬托你的眼睛。set [sth/sb] on [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep (let loose)让…对…发起袭击；使…袭击；释放……，放出……，放开……The hunters set the dogs on the scent.猎人放出猎犬来追踪气味。set [sth/sb] on [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep (urge to attack)让…攻击…If you go into that garden, the owner will set his dog on you.如果你进到花园里，花园的主人就会让狗攻击你。set [sth] out, set out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (lay out, arrange)安排；准备Isabelle set out the cutlery for dinner.伊莎贝尔准备了晚餐用的餐具。set [sth] out, set out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (present)提出, 阐明Each member of the committee set out their ideas, then they all took a vote.该委员会的每个成员都陈述了自己的想法并进行了投票。set [sth] out, set out [sth] vtr phrasal sep often passive (law: specify)明确规定The constitution sets out the council's decision-making procedures.本章程规定了委员会的决策流程。set out for [sth] vi phrasal + prep (leave for, go to)动身前往, 去往, 出发去Columbus set out for Asia in 1492, but ended up in the Bahamas.set out on [sth] vi phrasal + prep (begin, esp. a journey)开始，着手；启程去，上路去Jason and the Argonauts set out on their quest for the Golden Fleece.set out to do [sth] vtr phrasal insep (intend)想要做；打算要做I didn't set out to hurt you; I'm sorry if what I said was upsetting.我不想伤害你。如果我说的让你难过，我对此表示歉意。set out to do [sth] vtr phrasal insep (undertake)着手做；动手做He set out to mend the fences, but ran out of wire before he was halfway done.set to doing [sth] vtr phrasal insep (start: doing)开始做某事；开始干某事备注: A hyphen is used when the term is a nounLena did not have a dress for the prom, so she took out her sewing machine and set to making one.莉娜没有参加舞会的礼服，所以她拿出了缝纫机，准备做一件。set [sth] up, set up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (arrange)摆放；布置Helen set up the chairs in a semi-circle.海伦将椅子摆放成半圆形。set [sth] up, set up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (organize)组织；安排Can we set up a meeting for 8 November?我们能在11月8日安排一次会议吗？set [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (computing: configure) (计算机)设置The Tech Support engineer set up my new computer.那位技术支持工程师设置了我的新电脑。set upon [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (attack)攻击；袭击The gang set upon their victim without warning.The hounds set upon the fox.set upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (apply yourself to enthusiastically)热情地做, 急切地去；扑在Jose set upon his dinner as though he hadn't eaten in a week.；settle for [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (be content with)勉强满足于，满足于；勉强接受Don't settle for second best. I'd love a 54-inch TV, but I'll settle for a 32-inch one.别满足于第二名。我其实想要一台54英寸的电视，不过我会勉强满足于一台32英寸的。settle for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (accept as payment)勉强接受（价格等）I was hoping to make more by selling the couch on eBay, but I settled for $100.我是希望能在易趣网上把这个沙发卖个好价钱的，不过最后我勉强接受了100美元的成交价格。settle on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (decide on, choose)决定；选定We've settled on Majorca for our summer holiday this year.The children settled on the chocolate chip cookies instead of the peanut butter ones.sew [sth] up, sew up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (stitch together)将…缝补起来；将…缝合在一起I need to sew up this hole in my pants.sew [sth/sb] up, sew up [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep (wound, patient: stitch)给（病人）缝合伤口；将（伤口）缝合起来The surgeon finished the operation and sewed the patient up.sew [sth] up, sew up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (deal: conclude)达成（协议）We had to drop the price to sew up the deal.sex [sth] up, sex up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (make more exciting)向...里添油加醋；大肆渲染The newspaper sexed up the story in order to make it more interesting for their readers.shake [sb/sth] down, shake down [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep slang, chiefly US (search completely)彻底搜查；翻...个底朝天shake [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (loosen muscle)抖动放松It's good to shake out sore muscles after exercising.shake [sth] up, shake up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (mix by shaking)摇匀You must shake up the medicine before drinking it.喝药前，你必须把它摇匀。shake [sth] up, shake up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (reorganize, reform)改组, 整顿Members of the new party say they aim to shake up the political system.新党成员表示，他们的目标是改革政治体制。sharpen [sth] up, sharpen up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (hone, refine)将...加强，将...改善Molly is speaking at a conference next month and needs to sharpen up her public speaking skills.shell [sth] out, shell out [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (spend, pay)支付（钱）；交（款）I shelled out a lot more than the used car was worth.shift into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (gear: change) (驾驶)换（挡）When driving a car down a steep hill, it's best to shift into a lower gear.shift into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative, informal (new way, style: take on)换成；转而Rosa felt that she was ready to shift into a new stage of her career.shine through [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (be clearly seen)通过…显现出来His kindness shines through everything he says.ship [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (send, post)发送；运送；发出shoot [sth] back, shoot back [sth] vtr phrasal sep (reply: send)（生气地）回复（邮件等）I read Ken's email, then shot back an angry reply.shoot [sth] down, shoot down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (aircraft: attack with gunfire)击落、We were ordered to shoot down the military aircraft.shoot [sb/sth] down, shoot down [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (discredit)击破…的论点；驳倒His idea was immediately shot down by the director.shoot out of [sth], shoot out from [sth] vi phrasal + prep (appear suddenly, rapidly)从...忽然射出；从...突然生出；突然发生A mouse shot out of the hole and scuttled across the kitchen floor.shoot [sth] up, shoot up [sth] vtr phrasal sep US, slang (riddle with bullets)开枪扫射The killer threatened to shoot up the place if anyone approached him.凶手威胁说，如果有人靠近他，就在这个地方开枪扫射。shop [sth] around, shop around [sth] vtr phrasal sep US, informal (attempt to sell)兜售；兜销She's in New York, shopping her new novel around.shop for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (look to purchase [sth])打算购买His old car broke down, so he is shopping for a new one.shore [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (support)支撑The miners used props to shore up the sides of the tunnel.矿工们用支柱支撑矿道两侧。shore [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative (stop [sth] failing)支持The new minister needs to shore up the government's policy on benefit cuts.新部长需要支持政府出台的削减福利的政策。shout [sth] out, shout out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (say aloud)大叫；大喊The teacher told her to put up her hand instead of shouting out the answer.老师告诉她不要喊出答案，而是举手回答。show [sth/sb] off vtr phrasal sep (display proudly)展示；炫耀When his famous mother came to school, he showed her off to all his friends.他那位有名的母亲来到学校时，他向所有的朋友炫耀她。show [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (draw attention to)展示；突显He bought a close-fitting shirt that showed off his newly developed muscles.他买了一件紧身衬衫来展示他新练出的肌肉。show [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (make visible, obvious)使显现出来；使突显This picture really shows up Caroline's beautiful features.这张照片很好地凸显了卡罗琳的美貌。shrink away from [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep figurative (be reluctant to face)逃避；躲避Paul always shrinks away from confrontation.shrink from [sth] vtr phrasal insep (avoid, retreat from)因害怕而回避A good leader never shrinks from a challenging situation.shrug [sth] off vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (disregard)对…不予理会；对…不屑一顾My wife always shrugs off my suggestions.shuffle [sth] around vtr phrasal sep (move [sth] quickly around)快速移动；迅速来回移动The man shuffled the cups around and asked the audience to say which one the ball was under.shuffle [sth] off, shuffle off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (get rid of, shirk)摆脱；把...推开My boss was in the habit of shuffling his work off onto the rest of us.shut [sth/sb] away vtr phrasal sep (keep confined)躲起来，与外界隔绝；把…藏起来Victor keeps his priceless wines shut away from prying eyes.shut [sth] down, shut down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (close: business operation)关闭；停业I plan to shut down the business next month.我计划下月停业。shut [sth] down, shut down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (switch off: a machine, engine) (机器、发动机)关闭, 关掉Remember to log out of your user account before shutting down your computer.请记得关闭电脑前登出你的用户帐户。shut [sth] down, shut down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (switch off: a computer) (计算机)关闭To shut down your computer properly, do not simply use the power switch.为正常关闭电脑，请不要直接使用电源开关。shut [sth/sb] in vtr phrasal sep (enclose, confine)把…关起来We always shut the cat in when she's eating so that the dog doesn't disturb her.shut [sth] off, shut off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (disconnect, stop supply)切断；关闭Shut off the electricity at the mains when you go away on holiday.外出度假时，请切断总电源。shut [sb/sth] out vtr phrasal sep (leave outside)把…关在外面Nancy always shuts the cat out at night.晚上，南希总是把猫咪关在外面。shut [sb/sth] out vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (not listen)不听；对…充耳不闻Brian shut out what Kate was saying; he didn't want to know.布莱恩对凯特正在说的话充耳不闻，他就是不想知道。shut [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (sound, sight: block)阻断；将…隔绝在外Lauren tried to shut out the images in her mind.劳伦想要将脑内的画面隔绝在外。shut [sb/sth] out vtr phrasal sep figurative (person: exclude)把…拒之门外The most exclusive sorority on campus usually shuts out most applicants.校园里最排外的姐妹会通常把绝大多数申请者拒之门外。shut [sb/sth] out vtr phrasal sep US (team: prevent scoring) (比赛)使…不能得分；阻止…得分The team's failure to shut the opposition out was extremely worrying.队伍没能阻止对手得分，很令人担忧。shut [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (close: premises)关闭；关上…的门窗Patel was shutting the shop up when the two men attacked him.帕特尔正在关门时，两名男子袭击了他。shy away from [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep (keep distance)避开The horse shied away from the elephant.那匹马避开了那只大象。shy away from [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (avoid [sth])躲避；逃避He's never been one to shy away from hard work.他不是那种会逃避艰苦工作的人。shy away from doing [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (avoid doing [sth])躲避做；逃避做Kiera is insecure; she tends to shy away from meeting new people.基拉缺乏安全感，她不愿结交新朋友。sift [sth] out, sift out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (remove by sieving)用筛子筛除In most countries, farmers sift out grain from husk manually.sift [sth] out, sift out [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (remove, eliminate)去除, 除掉The hiring department will sift out the candidates who are not suitable for the position.sign [sth] away vtr phrasal sep (rights: give up)签字放弃Leyla signed away all rights to her father's estate.sign [sth] away vtr phrasal sep figurative (give up, lose)放弃Johnson signed away his chances in the next election when he approved such an unpopular law.sign in to [sth] vi phrasal + prep (computing: log in) (计算机)登录到My home page looked unfamiliar; then I realised I had signed in to the wrong account.我的主页看起来有点陌生，然后我意识到登错了账户。sign off with [sth] vi phrasal + prep (end a letter) (信件)以…结束My father always signed off with "love and kisses, Dad".我的父亲总是用“爱你亲亲，爸爸”来结尾。sign off with [sth] vi phrasal + prep (end a broadcast)以…结束一天的广播Ed Murrow always signed off with the words: "Good night, and good luck".埃德·穆罗总是这样来结束广播节目：“晚安，祝你好运”。sign off on [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (authorize)认可，同意，批准The director must sign off on the project before work can begin.主管必须批准项目后方可开始工作。sign [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (borrowing [sth])签字登记借出Have you signed that piece of apparatus out?你的那件仪器借出时签字登记了吗？sign up for [sth] vi phrasal + prep (enrol, register)注册；报名参加Have you signed up for the French translation course next spring?你注册了明年春季的法语翻译课程么？sign up for [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal, figurative (consent)签字同意；签名同意More than 120 patients signed up for the clinical trial.超过120名病人签字同意参与临床实验。sing along with [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep (accompany [sth/sb] vocally)与...一起唱；跟着...唱sing [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (call, say loudly)喊出single [sb/sth] out, single out [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep (select specifically)挑出；捡出The teacher always singles me out and I never know the answer to her questions.老师总是单独叫我，但我从来不知道她问题的答案。sink into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be absorbed)被…吸收The rainwater sinks into the dry earth.sink into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (be overwhelmed by: feeling, state) (感情等)被…淹没The widow sank into a state of grief.The accident victim sank into a coma.sink into [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (get comfortable in)陷入sink [sth] into [sth], sink [sth] in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (invest)用...投资sit for [sth] vtr phrasal insep US (take: an exam)参加I'm sitting for my A-level exams next month.sit for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (pose for: photograph, portrait)为（拍照、画像）摆造型When the family sat for a formal photo, it was impossible to get all five children to keep still.sit in on [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (observe, be present at)列席（会议）；旁听I was allowed to sit in on the meetings, but with neither voice nor vote.You may sit in on university courses if you pay an auditor's fee.sit on [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative, informal (keep silent about, not divulge)保持沉默；缄口不言My conscience will not let me sit on this crime.要是对这其起犯罪缄口不言，我会良心不安的。sit [sth] out, sit out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (not take part in)坐在一边不参加He sat out that game but will play the next one.sit [sth] out, sit out [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (endure)等着...过去；坚持到...过去As the ship was tossed by waves, the crew could do nothing but sit out the storm.sit through [sth] vtr phrasal insep (endure the whole of)熬过；挨过size [sth/sb] up vtr phrasal sep (assess, estimate)估计；估量Before a fight, I size the other man up to determine if I can beat him.拳击比赛前，我先估量一下对手，看能不能打败他。size [sth/sb] up vtr phrasal sep (person: measure)打量；量The assistant sized Liz up and brought her a selection of jeans to try on.那名店员打量了一下丽斯的尺寸，给她拿来一条牛仔裤来试穿。skate around [sth], skate over [sth], UK: skate round [sth] vtr phrasal insep (avoid discussing: problem)一带而过；轻描淡写sketch [sth] out, sketch out [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (describe briefly)简述；简要描述Please sketch out what you've planned for the holidays.sketch [sth] out, sketch out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (draw roughly)概要画出；画出…的草图The artist sketched out his idea for his next painting.skim [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (remove from the surface)把…撇去The housewife skimmed the cream off the fresh milk to make butter.skim [sth] off vtr phrasal sep figurative (take [sth] valuable)捞取；偷走The accountant had been skimming off a few thousand dollars a month before the employer caught on.skim over [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (read quickly)浏览Don't just skim over the text when studying, read it carefully.Skim over the music score to see where the clarinet starts playing.skim over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (move just above)掠过；在…上掠过It's amazing to watch a flying seagull skim over the waves.skim through [sth] vtr phrasal insep (read in a cursory way)略读；速读Read chapter 1 carefully, but just skim through chapter 2.skip by [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (pass quickly)快速走过；快速经过We just skipped by the pizza shop, so we would not be tempted to eat pizza.skip out on [sth] vi phrasal + prep US, informal, figurative (avoid)逃避He told me he was going to skip out on the exam today.skip out with [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep US, informal, figurative (leave: taking [sb], [sth])带着…离开skip over [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal, figurative (dismiss, disregard)略过, 跳过Read chapter 2 and chapter 4, but skip over chapter 3.slack off [sth] vtr phrasal insep (nautical: loosen)放松；松开Richard slacked off the mainsheet to reduce the boat's speed.理查德松开主帆索，将船的速度降下来。slam on [sth], slam [sth] on vtr phrasal sep (brakes: use suddenly)猛踩；猛推The driver slammed on the brakes to avoid hitting a deer.slam [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (violently put down)摔掉；重重掷下Andy angrily slammed down the telephone receiver.slap [sth] on vtr phrasal sep slang (apply hastily)匆匆地涂, 草草地抹；随意戴上I didn't have much time, so I just slapped on my nametag and left.slave away at [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (work hard at)苦干, 拼命干He slaved away at his paper all week, but he got it done on time.sleep [sth] off vtr phrasal sep informal (recover from by sleeping)睡一觉就好了；通过睡眠来恢复；通过睡眠来消除He had a lot to drink last night, and is still sleeping it off.slice [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (cut into thin pieces)切片；切成薄片Slice up the onion but add the olives whole.slick [sth] back vtr phrasal sep (hair: smooth back) (头发)把…向后梳He slicks back his hair like a 1950s greaser.slim [sth] down vtr phrasal sep figurative (reduce) (体重)减轻；缩减We're going to have to slim down the staff.slip [sth] back vtr phrasal sep (return secretively)悄悄放回After reading the secret document, he slipped it back into its folder.After removing the cash, the pickpocket slipped the man's wallet back into the owner's pocket.slip [sth] off vtr phrasal sep informal (clothing: remove quickly) (衣服等)快速脱掉I'm going to slip off these riding boots and put on more comfortable sandals.Harry came into the warm room from outside and slipped off his coat.slip [sth] on, slip on [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (clothing: put on quickly) (非正式用语)快速穿上（衣服等）I dashed upstairs to slip on something less formal.我冲上楼，快速换上一身不那么正式的衣服。slip out of [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (place: leave discreetly)悄悄地从…溜走He slipped out of the meeting and headed home.他悄悄地从会议中溜走，回家去了。slip out of [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (clothing: remove quickly) (衣服)快速脱掉Let me slip out of this monkey suit.快让我脱掉这礼服。slip over to [sth] vi phrasal + prep US, informal (make a short trip to)去...短期旅行；快速去一趟I'm going to slip over to the store to get some milk.slip over to [sth] vi phrasal + prep US, informal (go without being noticed)悄悄去；溜到The young lovers slipped over to the lake for some privacy.slip through [sth] vtr phrasal insep (pass easily through)滑过；溜走I thought I had a hold of it, but it just slipped through my fingers.slog away at [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (work hard at)努力，拼命备注: Most commonly used in continuous tensesslot [sth/sb] in vtr phrasal sep figurative (find time for)（寻找机会）以让…插入；为…安排时间I can slot you in between lunch and my afternoon class.slot [sth] into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (slide in)把...插进Richard slotted the book back into its place on the shelf.slot [sb] into [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (find time for)抽时间做, 给…安排时间I think I can manage to slot you into the director's schedule; I'll have a look and call you back.slough off, slough [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (shed, discard)剥去；脱去I sloughed off the dead skin with a skin brush.slough off, slough [sth] off vtr phrasal sep figurative (discard: [sth] undesirable) (坏习惯、坏毛病等)戒掉；戒除He was forced to slough off the terrible comments he heard about his friend.slow [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (reduce speed of: [sb] or [sth])减慢；使…慢下来；使...放缓The economic crisis slowed down the hot housing market.金融危机放缓了过热房地产市场的劲头。slow [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (make slower, hinder)使…慢下来, 使放慢slug [sth] out vtr phrasal sep slang, literal (settle with a fistfight)用打架来解决The two men couldn't settle their argument and ended up slugging it out in the street.slug [sth] out vtr phrasal sep slang, figurative (compete strenuously for)奋力拼搏It was hard work, but we slugged it out and achieved our goal.smack of [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal, pejorative (be reminiscent of)让人想起；有…的意味Your proposal smacks of fraud.smack of [sth] vtr phrasal insep (have smell or flavour of)有…味道；带有…意味The salty air smacked of the sea.smarten [sth/sb] up vtr phrasal sep (make neater, tidier)将…弄得更整洁；将…打扮得更齐整My mother-in-law's coming to dinner so I need to smarten the house up a bit.smash [sth] in vtr phrasal sep informal (destroy, break)打破, 把…砸坏A vandal smashed in my windshield.The bully said he would smash her face in if she told anyone.smash into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (collide with, hit)撞到…上；撞上Under the effect of drink, he veered off the road and smashed into a tree trunk.smash [sth] up, smash up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (destroy, break into pieces)砸坏；弄碎He smashed up his car in an accident on the highway.smell of [sth] vtr phrasal insep (have the scent of)带有…气味；闻出…的味道The perfume, which my friend uses, smells of roses.smell of [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (be suggestive of)带有…的意味Your story about what happened to the cookies smells of deception to me!smell [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (animal: detect by sniffing) (狗)嗅出, 闻出…味道, 凭嗅觉查出Pigs are very good at smelling out truffles.smell [sth] out vtr phrasal sep figurative (detect: identify or locate)发现, 察觉, 查出smoke [sb/sth] out, smoke out [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep (drive out using smoke)用烟把…熏出smooth [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (make flat and even)抚平；把…弄平整；拉平He smoothed down his shirt, trying to hide the creases.smooth [sth] vtr phrasal sep (remove creases, bumps) (褶皱、突起等)抚平, 弄平He smoothed out the sheets.smooth [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (ease, resolve: disagreements)平息, 缓和Arbitration is one way that different parties can smooth out their differences.smooth [sth] over vtr phrasal sep (surface: make level)缓和；调解The waves smoothed over our footprints in the sand.snap out of [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative, informal (stop being upset, unhappy) (消极情绪、行为)从...中走出来，停止I know you lost your job and your girlfriend left you, but I think it's time you snapped out of your self-pity and got on with your life.snap [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (rush to obtain)抢先获得；抢购；哄抢The tickets were snapped up the morning they were put on sale.那些票在开售的当天早晨就被哄抢一空。snarl [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (make tangled)使…缠结；使…混乱I snarled up my headphones when I took them out of my backpack.我将耳机从背包里取出的时候，我把它们缠在了一起。sniff at [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (show contempt)对…嗤之以鼻The fans sniffed at the choice of new manager for the club.sniff [sth] out vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (detect)发觉；察觉到A good auditor can sniff out the problems an accountant has disguised.sniff [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (locate by smell)嗅出The K9 corps really does a great job of sniffing out hidden drugs.snow [sth] under vtr phrasal sep (cover with snow)用雪覆盖；用雪掩盖snuff [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (flame, etc.: extinguish) (火焰)熄灭You should snuff out any candles before you go to bed, or they could start a fire.snuff [sb/sth] out vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (end: [sb/sth]'s life) (某人的生命)结束；扼杀, 杀死snuff [sth] out vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (put an end to [sth])扼杀soak [sth] up, soak up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (absorb: liquid) (指液体)吸收，吸入，吸取You can use a sponge to soak up water.你可以用一块海绵来吸水。soak [sth] up, soak up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (take in: information, experience) (比喻知识、信息等)吸收；学习；了解； (比喻知识、信息等)摄取Children pay attention to more than we realize, soaking up everything around them.孩子们的注意力比我们所想的更为集中，吸收着周围的一切信息。sock [sth] away, sock away [sth] vtr phrasal sep US (save, reserve for future)储存；蓄存；保存sop up, sop [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (absorb)吸干；擦干She sopped up the last of her soup with some bread.sort [sth] out, sort out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (organize, plan)整理，理清；计划，安排Julia intended to go home early in order to sort out the dinner arrangements.茱莉亚打算早些回家，以便安排晚餐。sort [sth] out, sort out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (arrange, put in order)把…分门归类，分门别类地放；使井井有条；整理My son needs to sort out the clothes in the closet.我儿子需要将衣柜里的衣物分门别类地放好。sort [sth] out, sort out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (problem, difficulty: resolve) (问题、困难)解决；克服There's a problem with the wifi; hopefully Tech Support can sort it out.WiFi出问题了，希望技术支持人员能解决这个问题。sort through [sth] vtr phrasal insep (examine while searching)整理；归置Justin was sorting through a pile of papers, trying to find the electricity bill.sound [sth] out, sound out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (pronounce carefully: letters, etc.)认真拼读The little boy had difficulty reading the word, so his teacher told him to sound out each letter.sound [sth] out, sound out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (measure the depth of) (深浅)探测soup up [sth], soup [sth] up vtr phrasal sep slang (enhance: an engine, etc.) (俚语)加强…，加大（马力）The car had been souped up with twin exhaust pipes and a fancy spoiler.space [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (set apart)使…均衡地间隔开The exam desks must be spaced out.spark [sth] off, spark off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (cause, provoke)引起；引发Her comments sparked off a furious debate in the media.speak about [sth] vtr phrasal insep (talk on the subject of)谈及；论及She was asked to speak about the topic for 30 minutes.speak about [sth] vtr phrasal insep (discuss or consult: with [sb])讨论；商讨speak out about [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep (state one's opinion on)谈论；提起I don't hear you speaking out about the unfairness of that service fee, so don't complain to me!speak out against [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep (state one's opposition to)坦率地发言反对Many people speak out against domestic violence.speak to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (respond to a question about: [sth])针对...发表意见；就…问题来说；就…进行评论I don't know how severe the damage was, so I can't speak to the cost of repair.speak to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (give evidence of)为...作证；证明This book speaks to the experience of being a miner in 1980s Britain.speak up for [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (defend)发言支持；为…辩护My big brother spoke up for our sister when Mom was scolding her.speed [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (cause to move more quickly)加快…的速度Could you please speed it up a bit? There are people waiting behind you.能请你加快些速度么？你后面还有很多人等着呢。spell [sth] out, spell out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (say how to write: a word)口头拼出Please spell your name out for me. Is it "s-m-i-t-h" or "s-m-y-t-h-e"?麻烦口头拼出你的名字。是“s-m-i-t-h”还是“s-m-y-t-h-e”？spell [sth] out, spell out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (form: a word)拼出；拼写出The child proudly read the word by spelling it out: "C-A-T... Cat!".“C-A-T, Cat!”那个孩子自豪地拼出了那个单词。spell [sth] out, spell out [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (say explicitly)解释清楚；说明白I had to spell out exactly how to do his job for him.我必须详细地为他解释清楚如何做他的工作。spice [sth] up, spice up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (make more exciting)使…更兴奋They brought some vodka to spice up the evening.spill over with [sth] vi phrasal figurative (be full of: emotion) (感情)满溢着He is spilling over with happiness since she asked him to marry her.自从她向他求婚以来，他洋溢着幸福的感觉。；spin [sth] off, spin off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (create from [sth] existing)派生出；衍生出The production company plan to spin off a series about the show's most popular couple.spin [sth] off, spin off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (turn into separate company) (公司)分立；将...分离spin [sth] out, spin out [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (prolong)延长, 拖延The children tried to spin out their supper in an effort to stay up longer.spirit [sb/sth] away vtr phrasal sep (carry off, sneak away)把…悄悄带走spit [sth] out, spit out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (eject by spitting)吐出His mother made him spit out the gum so he wouldn't swallow it.妈妈让他把口香糖吐出来，以免他吞下去。spit [sth] out, spit out [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (bring yourself to say) (比喻说出信息，非正式用语)吐出，吐口He knew she would spit out the truth sooner or later.他知道她迟早会吐出真相。spit [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (produce by spitting)咳出；咯出He was spitting up blood so I called the doctor.splash out on [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative, slang (spend extravagant sum of money on)在…上花一大笔钱We've just splashed out on a luxury holiday.我们刚刚花了一大笔钱，享受了一个奢侈的假日。split off from [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep (separate from group)从...分裂出去；从...独立出去A number of left-wing politicians split off from the party to form a new one.split [sth] open vtr phrasal sep (cleave, cut apart)劈开；分开；切开He split the coconut open with a hammer.split [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (share out)分配；分割The thieves decided to split up the money equally among themselves.小偷们决定把钱均分。sponge off [sb/sth], also UK: sponge on [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (obtain money, help)揩…的油Edward's friends are getting fed up with him sponging off them.spring for [sth] vtr phrasal insep US, informal (pay for [sth])支付，支付…的费用spruce [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (smarten)把…弄整洁, 把…打扮得整洁漂亮A new, trendy pair of shoes can really spruce up last year's fashion.spy [sth] out, spy out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (find, spot)找到；发现spy [sth] out, spy out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (examine, scope)检查；观测；观察square [sth] away, square away [sth] vtr phrasal sep US, informal (get sorted)整装待发；收拾好square [sth] up, square up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (angles: make straight)将...摆正；将...弄直square [sth] up, square up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (settle a bill) (非正式用语)结清账目，结账，付清账Can you pay the bill? I'll square it up with you later.square up to [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (prepare to fight [sb/sth]) (指为了打架)对...摆好架势，对...摩拳擦掌The wrestler squared up to his opponent.square up to [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (prepare to solve a problem) (指解决问题)正视square with [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (be consistent)与…相一致The evidence doesn't square with the defendant's story.squeak by [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (be barely within limit)勉强通过squeeze [sb/sth] in, squeeze in [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep (manage to fit inside)把…塞进去The box was beginning to bulge but he managed to squeeze in two more books.squeeze [sb/sth] in, squeeze in [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (fit in schedule) (日程)把…安排进去The dentist was busy, but he managed to squeeze me in.squirrel [sth] away vtr phrasal sep figurative (hide, save)把...储存起来；把...藏起来Agnes squirrels away part of her salary every month, so she'll have some money if she ever needs it.stake [sth] off, stake off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (area: mark off)标出...的边界stake [sth] out, stake out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (keep under surveillance)监视The police staked out the suspect's house, hoping to catch him unawares.stake [sth] out, stake out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (assert a claim to)占有；主张拥有stamp on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (tread heavily on)踩在…上；踏上I will stamp on any insects I see.stamp [sth] out, stamp out [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (eradicate, banish)消灭，消除；清除，根除The priests of the Spanish Inquisition hoped to stamp out any heresy.西班牙宗教法庭上的牧师希望根除所有的异端邪说。stand against [sth] vtr phrasal insep (resist, oppose)抵抗；反对stand behind [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep figurative (vouch for the trustworthiness of)支持；做...的后盾stand by [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (remain firm about [sth] said)坚持I stand by my decision to sack Richard; it was the right thing to do.我坚持解雇理查德的决定。这样做是对的。stand for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be short for) (字母缩写)代表，表示，是…的缩写The "U" in USA stands for "united".USA中的U代表“united（联合的）”。stand for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (represent)代表This party stands for fair pay and workers' rights.这次聚会代表公平薪资以及工人权利。stand for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (tolerate, accept)容忍；忍耐I won't stand for any more of Richard's racist comments.我再也无法容忍理查德那些种族主义的评论。stand for [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep US (advocate)支持；主张I will stand for you whatever happens, you can rely on me.不管发生什么，我都会支持你，你可以依赖我。stand for [sth] vtr phrasal insep UK (run for: election)参加...的选举My uncle wants to stand for office.我叔叔想要竞选公职。stand in for [sth] vi phrasal + prep (be a substitute for [sth])代表Trying to explain the accident to his friends in the bar, Gavin used the beer glass to stand in for the car and the mat to stand in for the pedestrian.加文在酒吧里试着向他的朋友解释事故，他用啤酒杯代表汽车，用杯垫代表行人。stand over [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (oversee)监督；监管；监视stand up against [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (oppose actively)站出来反对We must stand up against racism.stand up against [sth] vtr phrasal insep (withstand: wear, stress)经得住；耐得住Concrete construction is used in the tropics because it will stand up against hurricanes and insects.stand up to [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (confront)对抗；抵抗；反抗Kate stood up to the bully by telling her loudly to stop.凯特反抗那个恶霸，大声叫她停下来。stand up to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (withstand: wear, stress)经久耐用；经得起They ran many trials to ensure the fabric would stand up to the extreme weather conditions.他们做了许多测试以确保这种织物能经得起极端气候条件。start after [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (begin chasing [sb/sth])开始追赶start [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (cause to begin)开始；引起；导致Tom and Stan had a big row today; I'm not sure what started it off.汤姆和史丹今天大吵了一架，至于是什么引起的，我不太清楚。start off with [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (begin with)以…开始；首先进行I think I will start off with an appetizer and then have a main dish.start on [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (begin attacking)发起对…的攻击, 开始攻击She started on carving the turkey with a vengeance.start on [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (begin talking about)开始谈论She started on again about her boyfriend, I'm tired of listening.start [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (machine: switch on) (电脑等)启动； (引擎等)起动Start up your computer and log in to the network.启动你的计算机并登录到网络。start [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (business: open, form) (公司等)创立，成立Melissa has started up a business from her home.梅丽莎在家里开始做生意。start [sth] up, start [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (project: initiate) (工程、项目等)开工, 动工, 开创, 开始The village had no cricket club, so Mike decided to start one up.这个村没有板球俱乐部，所以迈克决定开办一个。；stash away, stash [sth] away vtr phrasal sep (store or hide for future)把...存起来，把...藏起来I'm trying to stash some money away for a summer holiday.stave [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (prevent, ward off)预防；防止They say that if you take extra vitamins, you may be able to stave off the flu.据说多补充维他命可以预防流感。stay in [sth] vtr phrasal insep (continue to participate in)继续留在，继续参加I realised to stay in the competition, I had to work harder.我意识到要想继续参加竞赛，我就得更加努力。stay off [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (avoid, keep away from)躲开, 避开I trained my dog to stay off the furniture.stem from [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be caused by)源于；始于These problems stem from the terrorist attack a few years ago.这些问题源于几年前发生的那场恐怖袭击。step in [sth] vtr phrasal insep (tread in, put your foot into)走入，踩进；进入I stepped in a mud puddle and ruined my new shoes.我踩进了个泥坑，弄坏了新鞋子。step into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (enter)进入；走进Step into my parlor, said the spider to the fly.step off [sth] vtr phrasal insep (alight from)从…走下来；走下I stepped off the train.step on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (tread on) (本义)踏上，踩上，踩到Careful, you might step on the dog's tail!小心，不要踩到狗狗的尾巴！step on [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative, often plural (drugs: adulterate)掺假；掺入杂质The drug dealer stepped on the coke to increase his profits.step [sth] up, step up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (increase)增加；加快As demand grew for its environmentally friendly products, the business had to step up production. I had to step up my training regime as the day of the race approached.随着比赛临近，我必须增加训练量。随着对其环保产品需求的上涨，该公司不得不加快生产。stick by [sth] vtr phrasal insep (not change)坚持...；执着于...Joel stuck by his opinion, despite all the arguments to the contrary.stick [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (seal with an adhesive)把…粘在一起；粘住Nowadays you don't have to lick the edge of an envelope before you stick it down.stick [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (project, cause to protrude)伸出If you stick your tongue out again, a bird may come and roost on it.如果你再把舌头伸出来的话，鸟儿可能会来上面栖息。stick [sth] out vtr phrasal sep slang (endure to the end)坚持完成；坚持到底By the twentieth mile of the marathon, Adam was exhausted, but he stuck the race out and finally made it to the finish line.跑完马拉松比赛的第20英里时，亚当已筋疲力尽，但他还是坚持下去，最终到达了终点。stick [sb/sth] up, stick up [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (carry out armed robbery on) (俚语)持枪抢劫A gang stuck up that bank over there last week.上周，有一伙歹徒持枪抢劫了那家银行。stick up for [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (defend, support) (非正式用语)维护，保护，支持，为…辩护When the bullies came around, he stuck up for his little sister.stick with [sth], stick at [sth], stick to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (not vary or deviate from) (非正式用语)坚持做某事，继续做某事；遵守If I stick with this diet, I should be able to wear my favorite pants again by Christmas.只要能继续坚持这样的膳食计划，我应该就能在圣诞节前再次穿上我最喜欢的裤子了。stink [sth] out, stink out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (cause to smell bad)让…发臭That camembert is stinking the fridge out!stink [sth] up, stink up [sth] vtr phrasal sep US, slang (make a place smell bad)使发臭The garbage was stinking up the yard.stint on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be sparing)吝啬；节俭If you want to throw a good party, don't stint on the booze.stir [sth] in, stir in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (mix or blend)混入；掺入；掺杂进stir up [sth], stir [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative (provoke, incite)激起；搅起；煽动起The protest was a device to stir up public interest in the issue. Her bombastic speech was guaranteed to stir up raw emotions.这次抗议行为是为了要激起民众对该问题的兴趣。她夸饰的言论是为了激起人们的原始情感。stitch [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (sew a wound) (伤口)缝合The doctor stitched up my cut in no time.stoop to, stoop to (do) [sth] vtr phrasal insep (debase yourself, condescend)自贬身份；屈尊降贵I wouldn't stoop to respond to a question from them.stop by [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (visit)去Could you stop by the drugstore for me on your way home?你回家的路上能帮我去趟药店吗？stop over at [sth] vi phrasal + prep (stay overnight at)中途在…停留It's fun to stop over at DisneyWorld on the way to Miami.stop [sth] up, stop up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (plug)塞住；堵塞The sailors worked desperately to stop up the leak in the side of the ship.store [sth] up, store up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (save, keep in reserve)储存；储备；贮藏stow [sth] away, stow away [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (eat or drink a lot of [sth])饕餮；大吃大喝straighten [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (make straighter)把…弄直The edge of the flower bed curves too sharply; can we straighten it out?straighten [sth] out vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (matter: settle)理顺；厘清We need to straighten out this disagreement before we go any further.straighten [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (tidy)整理；收拾整齐I straighten up the house whenever company is coming.strap [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (bandage, bind)包扎，捆扎The nurse strapped the wound up.strike [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (law, ruling: invalidate)取消（规定等）The Supreme Court struck down state segregation laws.strike [sth/sb] off vtr phrasal sep (delete, remove: from a list) (从名单上)删去, 删掉, 划掉I don't like them any more, strike them off the party list.strike on [sth], strike upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep (suddenly have an idea)突然想到strike [sth] out, strike out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (put a line through)划掉The teacher struck out the misspelled word.老师将拼错的单词划出来。strike out at [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep (hit, attack)攻击；袭击A coiled snake will strike out at anything that threatens it.盘绕着的蛇会攻击任何威胁它的东西。strike out at [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep figurative (criticize)抨击；（语言）攻击When he was a candidate for mayor, Bob would strike out at all his opponents.鲍勃作为市长候选人，抨击了他所有的对手。strike [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (law: delete a claim)因程序错误而导致（诉讼）无效strike through [sth] vtr phrasal sep (cross out)删掉；划掉He struck through the irrelevant sentences.strike up [sth] vtr phrasal insep (initiate)开始（建立友情等）During our visit to Africa I struck up a friendship with our guide.在我们去非洲访问的期间，我和导游建立了友谊。strike up [sth] vtr phrasal insep (begin to play: music) (演奏音乐等)开始The orchestra struck up a cheerful waltz.管弦乐队开始演奏一支欢快的圆舞曲。string [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (place at intervals)排列；排开string [sth] out vtr phrasal sep UK, informal (prolong, protract)拖延；延长string [sth] up, string up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (hang as decoration)将…吊起来做装饰Every Christmas, we string up the lights outside the house.strip [sth] from [sth] vtr phrasal sep (remove: wallpaper) (除去墙纸)剥去, 去除Strip the wallpaper from the wall.strip [sth] away vtr phrasal sep (remove entirely)去掉；去除We'll have to use the sandblaster to strip away all that paint.strip [sth] away vtr phrasal sep figurative (remove)移除，除去；褪去Strip away all the glitz and glamour, and celebrities are just ordinary people, like you and me.strip down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (remove paint or wallpaper from)剥去油漆或墙纸strip [sth] down to [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (reduce: to essentials or basics)去芜存菁；使精炼In these economic hard times, many families have stripped their grocery budget down to a few staple items.struggle against [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (try to combat)与…作斗争stub [sth] out, stub out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (cigarette: extinguish) (指香烟)掐灭；熄灭James stubbed his cigarette out in the ashtray.stuff [sth] up vtr phrasal sep UK, AU, slang (ruin, mess up)破坏；让...告吹；让...告吹This dreadful weather has certainly stuffed our plans for the weekend up.stumble on [sth], stumble upon [sth], stumble across [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative, informal (discover, encounter by chance)意外发现；偶然遇到The other night I happened to stumble on an old photo album.stumble on [sth], stumble over [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (get stuck)结巴；（说话）磕磕绊绊I always stumble on the words to the national anthem when I try to sing it.stump up [sth] vtr phrasal insep UK, informal (pay: cash for [sth])为…支付现金If he wants me to book him a ticket for the concert he had better stump up the cash first.suck at [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative, slang (be unskillful at [sth])不擅长；对...不精通sum [sth] up, sum up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (summarize)概括；总结I would like to sum up my position by saying I'm right and you're wrong. To sum up the situation, we're in big trouble!我的立场概括来说就是：我是对的，你错了。将情形总结一下就是：我们有大麻烦了！summon [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative (courage, etc.: gather) (勇气)鼓起She finally summoned up the courage to tell her boss that he was wrong.summon [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative (call to mind, evoke)唤起, 使想起, 使浮现surfeit on [sth] vtr phrasal insep archaic (consume too much of [sth])在…上过度消费；在…上过度沉溺At Easter, the villagers surfeited on rich foods.suss [sth] out vtr phrasal sep informal (figure out)搞清楚；弄明白swallow [sth] up, swallow up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (envelop completely)吞并，侵吞，吞没；用尽，花光The jungle vines completely swallowed up the temple ruins.；swear by [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (have complete faith in)坚信；主张My grandmother swore by honey as a hayfever remedy.swear off [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (renounce, give up)发誓戒掉；保证放弃Ken keeps promising he'll swear off the booze.I have so much bad luck with men, I think I'll swear off dating altogether.sweat [sth] off, sweat off [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (weight: lose by exercising)通过出汗来减肥After the holiday season I'm going to need to sweat off a few kilos at the gym.sweat [sth] out vtr phrasal sep slang, figurative (wait anxiously)通过出汗来治疗（感冒）；艰难地把…应付过去，吃力地完成；艰难地把…应付过去；吃力地完成Sweating out the results is often more difficult than taking the test itself.sweat [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (fever: get rid of)通过出汗来治疗（感冒）；艰难地把…应付过去，吃力地完成；艰难地把…应付过去；吃力地完成Using a steam room or sweat lodge helps one to sweat out accumulated toxins.sweat over [sth] vtr phrasal sep (work hard on)努力做某事，在…上下苦功Wendy sweated over that essay, so I'm sure it must be good.sweep [sb/sth] along, sweep along [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, often passive (involve)使...卷入, 使...陷入Sarah didn't mean to get involved, but she was swept along by the enthusiasm of the crowd.sweep [sth/sb] aside, sweep aside [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep (ignore [sth/sb])忽视；搁置一旁；不予理会swim across [sth] vtr phrasal insep (river, etc.: traverse by swimming) (河等)游过，横渡swing [sb/sth] around, also UK: swing [sb/sth] round vtr phrasal sep (turn [sb/sth] around quickly)使转过来switch between [sth] vtr phrasal insep (alternate between: [sth] and [sth])在...之间切换switch [sth] on, switch on [sth] vtr phrasal sep (turn on power to) (电源)打开It was getting dark, so Rahul switched the light on.天快黑了，拉胡尔开了灯。switch [sth] over, switch over [sth] vtr phrasal sep (swap round, exchange)转接；替换I'm going to switch my website over to a new domain.swot up on [sth] vi phrasal + prep UK, informal (study [sth] hard) (尤指考试前)刻苦学习Ron needs to swot up on the Tudor period if he wants to do better in his next history test.tack on [sth], tack [sth] on vtr phrasal sep informal, figuraitve (add, append)添加Airlines like to make their fares seem low, but then they tack on a bunch of extra fees.；take [sth] apart, take apart [sth] vtr phrasal sep (dismantle, disassemble)拆开She was a good mechanic and could take an engine apart in less than three hours.她是一位出色的机械工，不到三小时就能把发动机拆开。take [sth] apart, take apart [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (analyze)仔细分析；剖析The critic took the film apart scene by scene.那位剧评家按一个场景一个场景地仔细分析这部电影。take [sb/sth] apart, take apart [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (criticize)批评；抨击The tabloid took the actress apart for her appearance.那份小报对这位女演员的外貌进行了抨击。take [sth] away, take away [sth] vtr phrasal sep (number: subtract from another)减去What do you get if you take 63 away from 100?100减63等于多少？take away [sth] vtr phrasal insep UK (buy to consume off premises)带走食用Shall we buy some chips to take away?我们买些薯片外带好吗？take [sth] away, take away [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (glean, learn)学到The lesson to take away from this story is that everyone is special in some way.从这个故事学到的教训是每个人在某些方面都有特别的才能。take away from [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (detract)减损Her foul mouth takes away from her attractiveness.take [sth] back, take back [sth] vtr phrasal sep (retract [sth]) (声明等)撤回；收回I wish I could take back what I said in anger.You can never really take back an insult once you've made it.我真希望能收回我生气时说的话。//一旦你做出了侮辱他人的行为，那就再也无法收回了。take [sth] back, take back [sth] vtr phrasal sep (reclaim [sth])回收；收回In the upcoming tennis championships, Roger hopes to take back the title he lost last year.在即将开始的网球锦标赛中，罗杰希望夺回他去年失去的冠军。take [sth] back, take back [sth] vtr phrasal sep (return bought item)退回；退Simon's new watch turned out to be faulty, so he took it back for a refund.西蒙的新手表发生了故障，他拿回去要求退款。take [sth] down, take down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (make a written note of)记下；记录The policeman took down his name and address and told him not to leave town.警察记下了他姓名和住址并告诉他别离开这个城市。take [sth] for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (consider to be)认为，把…看作；把…误当成I will take that for an answer.take [sth/sb] for [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (mistakenly believe to be)认为，把…看作；把…误当成She took me for her servant! Do you take me for a fool?take [sth] forward vtr phrasal sep (advance, progress)推进；促进Steve has a great idea for a business, he just needs to find some investors to help him take it forward.take [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (understand, absorb)理解；领会I'm not sure I took it all in but I understood most of it.我不确定我是否全部理解了，但我理解了大部分。take [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (clothing: make narrower) (指衣服)改小，改瘦The pants are too loose; they'll need to be taken in.裤子太松了，需要改小。take [sb/sth] in, take in [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep (provide a home for)收容；收留Bella took in a stray cat four years ago and it has lived with her ever since.贝拉四年前收养了一只流浪猫，自那以后她就与它生活在一起。take off for [sth] vi phrasal + prep (plane: start flying to)飞向Air France flight 123 is due to take off for Paris at 22:00h.The plane will take off for New York at 09.35am.take off for [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal (depart for)动身去，出门去Edith and I like to take off for the beach early in the morning.The bank robbers took off for parts unknown.take [sth] on, take [sth] on vtr phrasal sep (assume, accept)接受；接纳；采用，采纳Taking on the directorship was his first mistake.接受董事职务是他犯的第一个错误。take [sth/sb] on, take on [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep (confront, oppose)同…较量；与...对峙He took on management in an attempt to improve conditions for the workers.他接手管理工作，尝试改善工人的工作环境。take [sth] out, take out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (apply for, open: insurance, etc.)申请办理We advise you to take out travel insurance before you leave.我们建议你在出发前办理旅行保险。take over [sth], take [sth] over vtr phrasal sep (take control, charge of [sth])接管；接手Take over the meeting for me, I'll be back in a moment.你替我主持一下会议，我一会儿就回来。take over [sth], take [sth] over vtr phrasal sep (assume the management of [sth])接管Paul is buying shares in a bid to take over the company.保罗正在购买股份以收购该公司。take over as [sth] vi phrasal + prep (take control, charge as [sth]) (职位等)接管；接手Tom took over as manager after Jim was fired.吉姆被解雇后，汤姆接任经理一职。take pleasure in [sth] vtr phrasal insep (enjoy)以…为乐；从…中得到乐趣They seemed to take pleasure in my obvious discomfort.take [sb] through [sth] vtr phrasal sep (guide through: a procedure, etc.)带某人领略...；带某人经历...take to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (come to enjoy)开始喜欢；开始沉湎于She has taken to her new job with enthusiasm.她热情洋溢地投入新工作。take to [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (start liking)开始喜欢The little girl took to her new puppy dog. They are now inseparable.小女孩喜欢上了她新买的小狗，现在都时刻在一起。take [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (start: hobby) (兴趣爱好)开始培养He took up woodworking after inheriting his grandfather's tools.继承祖父的工具后，他开始从事木工工作。take up [sth], take up [sth] vtr phrasal insep (accept: offer, challenge)接受They took up the company's offer to pay for additional training.他们接受了公司提供额外培训费用的提议。take [sth] up, take up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (use: time, resources)占用；占去That project will take up most of your time.那个项目将占用你的大部分时间。take [sth] up, take up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (occupy: space, room)占用；占据The double bed takes up most of the space in our hotel room.talk [sth] away vtr phrasal sep (spend hours, day, night, etc. talking)成天聊；不断地说talk [sth] down, talk down [sth] vtr phrasal sep UK, figurative (speak disparagingly of)以居高临下的姿态讲话；批评，批判The politician spends a lot of time talking down his rival's policies, but not much talking about his own.这位政客花了许多时间来贬低对手的政策，但却很少谈论自己的政策。talk of [sth] vtr phrasal insep (discuss possibility of)讨论…的可能性；考虑要They talk of invading that country.talk of [sth] vtr phrasal insep (speak about)谈到；谈及talk on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (speak publicly about)谈及；就…发表言论I'm going to talk on American literature next Thursday.The president introduced the first speaker, who was going to talk on price rises.talk [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (resolve through discussion)把…谈透；详尽讨论；把…讨论清楚Jen and her husband are seeing a counsellor to try and talk out their differences.talk over [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (speak more loudly than)大声说话盖住；说话声音盖过I hate it when people talk over me at meetings. Quit trying to talk over me.我不喜欢开会的时候人们大声说话盖过我的发言。别想提高嗓门盖住我说的话。talk over [sth] vtr phrasal sep (discuss)讨论，商量Let's talk over your college plans.让我们来讨论一下你的大学计划。talk through, talk [sb] through [sth] vtr phrasal sep (guide through: a procedure, etc.)指导某人做某事talk [sth] up vtr phrasal insep informal (promote)大肆宣传tally [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (add up, calculate total of)加；加上The judges will now tally up the scores.tangle [sth] up, tangle up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (make knotted or intertwined)使缠在一起I tangled up the wool to annoy my mother.tangle with [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep informal, figurative (get involved with)与…争吵（争论）You don't want to tangle with the Mafia: it could get you killed.tank [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (refuel: a vehicle)给…加满一油箱的油tap into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (find way of using)设法利用，设法使用Paula wished she could tap into Rachel's enthusiasm.宝拉希望她能够利用蕾切尔的满腔热情。tap [sth] out, tap out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (type)将…打出来George tapped out an email to his boss.tap [sth] out, tap out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (beat: a rhythm)打拍子The drummer tapped out the rhythm.tape [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (apply adhesive tape)用胶带粘住，用胶带缠住Joan taped up the parcel, ready to go in the post.；tart [sth] up vtr phrasal sep slang (decorate, make fancy)将…装饰得华丽The young couple bought a house, tarted it up, and sold it for a profit.team up with [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (join forces with)与…联手, 与…合力The US teamed up with Britain to defeat Germany in World War II.美国与英国联手在二战中击败了德国。tear [sth] apart, tear apart [sth] vtr phrasal sep (rip to pieces)撕碎, 撕破, 撕开He tore apart the green pear with his bare hands.他徒手把青梨给掰开了。tear [sth] apart, tear apart [sth] vtr phrasal sep (destroy)摧毁，夷为平地Ten years of war has torn the city apart.十年战争摧毁了这座城市。tear [sth] apart, tear apart [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (give negative opinions of)数落，指摘，把…数落得体无完肤The art critic just tore apart the painting.艺术评论家将这幅画数落得一文不值。tear [sth] down, tear down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (dismantle, demolish)拆除，卸下The government must tear down several houses to build the highway.要修建高速公路，政府必须拆除好几栋房屋。tear [sth] down, tear down [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (destroy)破坏，毁坏，摧毁His cutting remarks tore down her fragile self-esteem.他尖酸刻薄的评论摧毁了她脆弱的自尊心。tear [sb/sth] down, tear down [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (criticize harshly)严责；强烈指责Bran's partner is always tearing him down; he should find someone kinder.布兰的伴侣总是在责备他，他应该找个对他更好的人。tear [sth] from [sth] vtr phrasal insep (pull or rip out of)从…扯下来The story line of the drama was torn from the headlines.tear [sth] off, tear off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (detach by ripping)撕掉；撕下He tore off the wrapping to discover what was inside.他撕掉包装来看看里面有什么。tear [sth] open, tear open [sth] vtr phrasal sep (open by ripping or pulling)拉开；扯开Kids love tearing their gifts open on Christmas morning.tear [sth] out, tear out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (remove by ripping)扯走；撕下He tore out a page from the magazine.When I see a good recipe in the newspaper, I usually tear it out.tear [sth] up, tear up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (rip to pieces)撕碎I'm going to tear up the letter you wrote me.我要撕碎你写给我的信。tease [sth] out, tease out [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (elicit with difficulty)梳理…；提取…；挑出…；套出…We eventually managed to tease the truth out of Brian.我们最终设法从布莱恩口中套出了真相。tell [sth/sb] apart vtr phrasal sep informal (distinguish between)分辨；区分The twins are so alike that it's not easy to tell them apart.；test [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (try, use experimentally)充分检验；充分考验I think I'll test out this new floor polish.thaw [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (defrost) (食品)把…化冻You need to thaw the meat out before you cook it.thin [sth] down, thin down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (make thinner)使…变瘦；使...稀释If you thin that whiskey down, you won't get drunk so fast.think back on [sth] vi phrasal + prep (recall, remember)记起，想起，回想起think [sth] over vtr phrasal sep (consider, deliberate)仔细思考某事；好好考虑某事Think over what I said and let me know tomorrow what your decision is.请仔细考虑我说的话，然后明天再告诉我你的决定。think [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (invent, devise)发明出；想出Hey Jane, I just thought up a solution to your problem!嘿，简！我刚想出你那个问题的解决方案了！thirst after [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (desire keenly)迫切想要；极度渴望Humanity has thirsted after knowledge since the dawn of time.thirst for [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (desire keenly)想喝；渴盼；渴望We thirst for more information about the accident.thrash [sth] out, thresh [sth] out vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (debate intensely)通过讨论解决（问题）Bob and Jane were determined to thrash out their marital problems.Congress has been thrashing it out for months.thresh [sth] out, thresh out [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (discuss thoroughly)详细讨论We still need to thresh out the details for our trip; do you have time to chat tonight?throw [sth] around vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (ideas, etc.: exchange, brainstorm) (想法)抛出，提出，交流throw [sb/sth] around vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (treat roughly)乱丢，乱扔throw [sth] away vtr phrasal sep (dispose of, discard)丢弃，丢掉I had to throw away a lot of old books that nobody wanted.我必须丢掉大量没人要的旧书。throw [sth] away vtr phrasal sep figurative (waste, squander)浪费It would be a shame to throw away your talent by doing nothing with it.如果你什么都不做，完全是浪费自己的才能，那就太可惜了。throw [sth] back vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (drink or consume quickly) (酒等)快速饮I threw back a shot of whisky and then ordered another one.throw [sth] in, throw in [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (include)加入，添入；附赠，附送If you buy this computer, I'll throw in a printer for free.如果你购买这台电脑，我就免费附赠一台打印机。throw [sth] off, throw off [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (free yourself)摆脱；脱离I can't seem to throw off the depression I've been feeling.She managed to throw off her doubts.我似乎无法摆脱长久以来的抑郁情绪。//她成功打消了疑虑。throw [sth] on, throw on [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (clothing: put on hastily)匆忙穿上；快速穿上throw [sth] out, throw out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (dispose of)扔出去，扔掉；撵走，开除；提出；散发出Kate decided it was time to throw out her old running shoes and get new ones.凯特决定该扔掉她的旧跑鞋，买双新的。throw [sth] out, throw out [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (reject, dismiss)扔出去，扔掉；撵走，开除；提出；散发出The case was thrown out of court due to lack of evidence.We can throw out some of the more stupid ideas right away.本案因证据不足而被驳回。//我们立即抛弃一些较愚蠢的想法。throw [sth] out, throw out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (propose or suggest casually)扔出去，扔掉；撵走，开除；提出；散发出I'm just throwing out a suggestion here: what if Liz learned to drive?我只是提出一个建议：如果莉斯学会了开车呢？throw [sth] over, throw over [sth] vtr phrasal sep (abandon, reject)抛弃；放弃；拒绝John wasn't given the materials he needed, so he threw the contract over.throw [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (eject by vomiting)吐出；呕吐When I'm sick, I throw everything up.我生病的时候，吃什么吐什么。throw [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (build)建起The builder threw up the house in less than two months.建造师们不到两个月就建起了那栋房屋。throw up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (generate, produce)产生，发生Our new computer system has thrown up a few problems.我们的新电脑系统已经出了好几个问题。thrust [sth] on [sb], thrust [sth] upon [sb] vtr phrasal sep figurative (impose) (与oneself连用)强行介入, 强加Imogen's parents thrust a career in law on her from a young age.伊摩根的父母从小就逼她往法律行业靠。tick [sth] off, tick [sth] off vtr phrasal sep UK (check off: mark checklist item)在…旁打勾； (指完成事项时从清单上)划去Ella ticked off the tasks on her list as she did them.艾拉边做边在清单的任务旁打勾。tidy away [sth], tidy [sth] away vtr phrasal sep mainly UK (put [sth] away)把...收拾起来；把...整理好tidy [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (organize, put in order)把…整理好It took me three hours to tidy that room up.我花了三小时才把那间屋子整理好。tie in with [sth] vi phrasal + prep (be consistent with)与...一致This pottery fragment is 500 years old, which ties in with what archaeologists believe about the age of the settlement.tie [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (connect with [sth])使连接；与…连起来This is a great idea, but it doesn't seem to fit with the rest of the novel. I'm not sure we can tie it in.这个主意很不错，不过似乎无法与小说的其他部分连起来。我不知道我们能不能把它连接起来。tie in with [sth] vi phrasal + prep (occur at coordinated time with) (指时间)与...合拍，与...协调You want to meet for lunch? We'll be in town at midday anyway, so yes, that ties in with our plans.tie into [sth] vtr phrasal insep US, figurative, informal (get started on)开始做；启动tie [sth] out vtr phrasal sep slang (accounting: match)对账Can you tie out the client's financial statements with his accounts receivable ledger?tie [sth/sb] up, tie up [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep (fasten or secure with rope)用绳子将…捆好备注: A hyphen is used when the term is a noun.Joe wrapped the package and tied it up with string.乔将包裹包起来并用绳子捆好。tie [sth/sb] up, tie up [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep figurative, often passive (keep occupied)将…占住；使无法分身Julia declined the meeting as it would have tied her up for three hours.茱莉亚拒绝了见面，因为这会占用她三个小时的时间。tie [sth] up, tie up [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep figurative (end, bring to a conclusion)完成The writer struggled to tie up his complex story.作者想尽办法来完结他复杂的故事。tighten [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (fasten more securely)将...固定好The knot was coming undone, so Linda tightened it up.tighten [sth] up vtr phrasal sep figurative (make stricter, more restricting)使更严厉, 使更严格We need to tighten up the rules, so this can never happen again.；tilt toward [sth/sb], tilt towards [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep figurative (start to favor)倾向于；偏好Many investors are now tilting towards Chinese markets.许多投资者现在都倾向于中国市场。timetable [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (fit into schedule)把…列入时间表It is important to timetable in some relaxation among all your chores and appointments.除了日常琐事和各种预约外，还应该将一些放松活动列入时间表，这点很重要。tip [sth] over, tip over [sth] vtr phrasal sep (overturn, cause to topple)推翻Jackie tipped over her glass of orange juice and it spilled onto the floor.杰基推翻了她的一杯橙汁，洒了一地。tip [sth] up, tip up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (overturn, cause to topple)推翻tone [sth] down, tone down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (make more subtle)缓和，柔和I toned down the photos because they were too bright.tone [sth] down, tone down [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (subdue)缓和, 柔和tone up [sth], tone [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (muscles: make more defined)使肌肉轮廓鲜明I don't really need to lose weight, I just need to tone up my abs.top [sth] off vtr phrasal sep informal (make complete)完成, 使…完整To top off my bad day, I got a flat tire on the way home.top [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (fill to the uppermost edge)注满；填满There's a little bit left in the bottle. Let me top off your glass for you.top [sth] up, top up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (refill, replenish)充值，储值；注满，再加满，灌满I need to top up my mobile phone because I'm nearly out of credit.因为手机马上要欠费了，所以我需要给它充值。toss [sth] around, toss around [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (ideas, etc.: brainstorm) (想法)抛出，提出，交流The scientists got together to toss around a few ideas.toss [sth] around, toss around [sth] vtr phrasal sep (object: throw about)到处扔；扔来扔去The abusive husband was tossing his wife around as though she were a rag doll.toss [sth] aside vtr phrasal sep figurative (disregard, ignore: [sth])不管，忽略toss [sth] aside vtr phrasal sep (discard: [sth])将某物弃之一旁toss [sth] away, toss away [sth] vtr phrasal sep (discard)扔掉；抛弃toss off [sth], toss [sth] off vtr phrasal sep informal (recite spontaneously)轻松完成；一饮而尽Polly can toss off any poem after just one reading.toss [sth] off vtr phrasal sep informal (produce quickly)轻松完成；一饮而尽John tossed off his essay the night before it was due.toss [sth] off vtr phrasal sep informal (say casually)轻松完成；一饮而尽I don't like the way he tossed off that short apology.toss [sth] out vtr phrasal sep informal, literal (discard, throw away)扔出去, 掷出去toss [sth/sb] out vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (reject, dismiss)拒绝接受；驳回The trade union tossed out the employers' offer after only a short discussion.tot [sth] up, tot up [sth] vtr phrasal sep UK (add, find total of)合计total [sth] up, total up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (calculate combined amount of)计算总数；总计After adding the price of the house, the interest, and the escrow, the bank finally totalled up the mortgage payment for the applicant.touch [sth] off vtr phrasal sep US (trigger)引爆，使爆炸；触发，引发The new virus touched off an epidemic.touch on [sth], touch upon vtr phrasal insep figurative (mention very briefly)提及；谈及In the course of the interview we touched upon the delicate matter of his conviction for assault.touch [sth] up, touch up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (improve by making minor changes)润色I touched up my English paper right before turning it in.touch upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (mention very briefly)触及；提及Her lecture did not touch upon the details of accounting.The teacher touched on each tested subject area.toughen [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal ([sth]: make stricter)严抓；使...更严格We are going to toughen up the rules. No more goofing off!tow [sth] away, tow away [sth] vtr phrasal sep (haul away: a vehicle)拖走The car was illegally parked, so the police towed it away.tower above [sth/sb], tower over [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (be above)高耸；高出tower above [sth/sb], tower over [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep figurative (be taller than)比...高出一大截He's very tall and towers above everyone else.trace [sth] back, trace back [sth] vtr phrasal sep often passive (identify origin, originator)追溯I have only been able to trace my family tree back five generations.我的家谱只能追溯五代人。track [sth/sb] down vtr phrasal sep (locate, hunt for)追踪到；追查到；追捕The posse used bloodhounds to track down the fugitive.武装队用警犬追捕逃犯。track [sth/sb] down vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (find)找到；追踪到I'll see if I can track down that recipe for you.我看能不能帮你找到那份菜谱。trade in [sth] vtr phrasal insep (sell, deal in)买卖, 出售, 做…生意He trades in stocks and bonds.trade [sth] in, trade in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (exchange as part-payment for [sth]) (旧商品)以旧换新；以...抵价换新商品I traded my old car in for a new one.trade off [sth] vtr phrasal insep (exploit for sales)以某物换取某物；牺牲...换取Counterfeiters trade off brand name reputations.销售假冒伪劣商品的商家以品牌声誉换取钱财。trade on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (exploit)利用；占...的便宜trade [sth] up, trade up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (exchange for [sth] of higher value) (指用价低之物换进价高之物)用...交换；用...交易traffic in [sth] vtr phrasal insep (sell, deal in) (常指非法交易)买卖, 做…生意Many criminal enterprises traffic in illegal drugs and prostitution.；travel over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (cross, traverse)穿越…旅行；游历If you travel over the Alps, you'd better take plenty of blankets.travel through [sth] vtr phrasal insep (cross, traverse)穿越…旅行；游历If you travel through the desert, you'd better take plenty of water.travel to [sth] vtr phrasal insep (go or journey to: a place)旅游至...；去...旅游；trick [sth] out, trick out [sth] vtr phrasal sep US, informal (dress up, deck out) (非正式用语)打扮，装饰The street racer tricked out his car with a new paint job and florescent lighting.trigger [sth] off, trigger off [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (prompt, provoke)激起, 触发, 引起trim [sth] down, trim down [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (edit, cut length of)删减；裁减The author's publishers asked her to trim down her novel.triumph over, triumph over [sth], triumph against, triumph against [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (overcome: difficulty) (困难等)克服We'll triumph over these hard times as long as we don't give up.trot [sth] out, trot out [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal, usually pejorative (opinion, story: repeat)喋喋不休；老是反复诉说trot [sb/sth] out, trot out [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep informal, usually pejorative (present for display)显摆；炫耀true [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (make level, align)摆正；调整；校准The wall is five degrees out of line; we have to true it up.trump [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (fabricate: charges)编造；捏造Joe was released from jail when his lawyer proved that the charges against him were trumped up.try [sth] on, try on [sth] vtr phrasal sep (clothing: test for fit) (衣服)试穿I tried the shirt on and decided I didn't like it.我试穿了这件衬衫，发现并不喜欢它。try [sth] out vtr phrasal sep informal (sample, experience)体验, 尝试Don't say you don't like it if you haven't even tried it out.你没有尝试过之前，不要说你不喜欢它。try [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (test by using)试用The salesman let us try out the bicycle before deciding whether to buy it.售货员让我们先试骑这辆自行车，然后再决定是否要买。try out for [sth] vi phrasal + prep US (audition for [sth])参加…的选拔Gretchen tried out for the cheer leading squad and made it.格雷琴参加了啦啦队选拔并成功录取。tuck [sth] away, tuck away [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (keep hidden for later)藏起, 收藏I've tucked away some rainy day money, so lunch is my treat.tuck [sth] away, tuck away [sth] vtr phrasal sep slang (eat, consume)大吃, 畅饮My father can tuck away an entire pizza at one sitting.tuck [sth] away, tuck away [sth] vtr phrasal sep usually passive (hide, put somewhere secluded)藏；隐藏；将...藏起来The house is tucked away along a private road.tuck [sth] in, tuck in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (hide loose ends of) (衣物等)把…塞进备注: 如把上衣下襟压进裙子或裤子里Tuck in your shirt; you look sloppy.把衬衣塞好，不然你看起来邋里邋遢的。tuck into [sth] vtr phrasal insep UK, informal (food: start eating enthusiastically) (指用餐)开怀大吃Hungry from his morning walk, James tucked into his bacon and eggs.早晨散步后饿了，詹姆士吃掉了他的培根和鸡蛋。；tumble to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (with object: realise, understand)意识到；得知Ryan is going to be so angry when he tumbles to what we've done behind his back.tune in to [sth], tune into vi phrasal + prep (listen to: [sth] broadcast) (广播、电视节目)收听, 收看tune in to [sth/sb], tune into vi phrasal + prep figurative (be aware of: feelings, needs) (感受、需求等)感觉到, 了解tune [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (musical instrument: adjust pitch) (乐器)给...调音，为...定弦Dave was tuning his guitar up.tune [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (vehicle, engine: adjust) (车辆、发动机)调试，对...进行调整My friend the mechanic tuned my car up for me.turf [sb] out of [sth] vtr phrasal sep UK, slang (remove, eject)将某人从某处赶走They turfed us out of the pub at 2am.turn [sth] around vtr phrasal sep figurative (transform, reform)把…完全改变；彻底改变My sister has turned her life around.我妹妹彻底改变了自己的人生。turn [sth] around vtr phrasal sep figurative (provide or do [sth])交付The factory turns orders around within a week. The translator turned the project around in three days.这家工厂在一周内就交付了那些订单。这名翻译用了三天时间交付了该项目。turn aside from [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep (avert gaze from [sth])避开；从…转过脸来turn away from [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep (face opposite way)转过脸去不看Jane turned away from Peter after she told him to go to hell.简对彼得说了去死后，转头就不理他了。turn away from [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep (move further from [sth], [sb])离开；走开I turned away from the town and set my eyes on new horizons.我离开了镇子，把目光投向了新的方向。turn away from [sth] vi phrasal + prep (avert your gaze from [sth])转过脸去不看Witnesses had to turn away from the grisly sight.目击者不得不转过头不去看那恐怖的景象。turn away from [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (reject)拒绝Don't turn away from my love.You must turn away from a life of crime if you want to stay out of jail.不要拒绝我的爱。//如果不想进监狱，你就必须远离犯罪生活。turn [sth/sb] down, turn down [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep (decline, refuse)拒绝；回绝；婉谢The bank turned down my application for a loan.银行拒绝了我的贷款申请。turn [sth] down, turn down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (sound: reduce volume)关小…的音量；调小…的音量I wish you'd turn down that music!我希望你把音乐关小点声！turn from [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (reject)排斥；对…感到厌恶turn [sth] in, turn in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (submit, hand in)上交；提交Emma lost marks for turning in her homework a day late.艾玛因迟交了一天作业而扣了分数。turn off [sth] vtr phrasal insep (exit: a road)离开；转往另一条路We turned off the main road and drove into the country.我们离开了主干道，驶入了乡村。turn [sth] on, turn on [sth] vtr phrasal sep (switch on) (开关等)打开；开启；接通Carl turned on the radio to listen to the news.卡尔打开收音机听新闻。turn [sth] out, turn out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (light: switch off) (灯)关，熄Ana put down her book and turned out the bedside light.安娜放下书，关了床头灯。turn [sth] out, turn out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (company, etc.: produce) (公司等)生产，制造This factory turns out 20,000 toothbrushes every day.这家工厂每天生产20000支牙刷。turn [sth] out, turn out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (tip out contents of)倒出Gina turned out her handbag and rummaged through her things for the car keys.吉娜打开手提包，翻找车钥匙。turn over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (earn)赚The company turns over 3 million dollars a year.这家公司每年赚300万美元。turn [sth] over, turn over [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (ponder)反复思考；翻来覆去考虑She turned the idea over in her mind.她在脑中反复琢磨这个想法。turn to [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (resort to: a course of action)诉诸Josie turned to therapy to deal with her emotional problems.乔西转向去治疗她的情绪问题。；type [sth] out, type out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (write using keyboard) (指用键盘)输入；录入type [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (document: type quickly) (指用键盘)快速打出；快速录入；快速写出Harry quickly typed up a rough draft of his presentation script.use [sth] up, use up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (consume completely, exhaust)用光；耗尽I used up nearly everything in the refrigerator for this meal. Mary used up all my gas and didn't refill the tank.为了做这顿饭，我几乎用光了冰箱里所有东西。玛丽用光了我的汽油，也没有重新去加油。usher [sth] in, usher in [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (signal, herald)预示…的到来The fall of the Berlin wall ushered in a new period in Germany's history.vamp [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal (improve, make more exciting)使...更好看I need to vamp up my look - maybe get some brighter lipstick and a new hairstyle.vamp [sth] up vtr phrasal sep US, slang (invent: an excuse, etc.) (借口等)编造You'd better vamp up a good excuse for not being at the meeting.verge on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (be almost equal to)接近Going into business with someone who has a conviction for fraud is verging on insanity!；vote [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (proposal: defeat)投票否决An overwhelming majority of committee members have voted the proposal down.wad up, wad [sth] up vtr phrasal sep US (paper, fabric: roll up)揉成一团；卷成一团Wad up the bedclothes and leave them by the washer.wade in on [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative, informal (weigh in on: offer an opinion about)在...问题上提出自己的看法；就...发表己见Charlie couldn't resist wading in on the discussion, even though he had no expertise in the subject.wade in with [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative, informal (weigh in with: offer opinion, support)对...发表自己的看法；对...表示支持waffle on [sth], waffle over [sth] vtr phrasal insep US (be indecisive about)在…方面犹豫不决，在…问题上瞻前顾后The senator waffled on the decision for months.几个月来，这个参议员一直犹豫不决，难以作出决定。wait [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (be patient while [sth] is in progress)等待某事过去；等待某事平息wake up to [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (become aware of)有所察觉；开始了解After seeing the note in his pocket, Marsha woke up to the fact that her husband was having an affair.发现口袋里的纸条后，玛莎察觉到她丈夫有了婚外情。；walk away with [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (escape)轻松获得，轻易取胜；顺手牵羊，顺手拿走The car was totalled, but the driver walked away with minor injuries.walk away with [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (take, steal)轻松获得，轻易取胜；顺手牵羊，顺手拿走The ruling party walked away with the election after the opposition decided to boycott it.walk by [sth] vtr phrasal insep (go past on foot)路过；走过I have walked by that shop a hundred times but I've never gone in.walk by [sth] vtr phrasal insep (stroll by the side of)与...共行；和...并肩走walk down [sth] vtr phrasal insep (go along on foot)沿着…向下走Walk down Elm Street then turn left at the corner.沿着榆树街向下走，然后在拐角处左转。walk in on [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (catch unawares)撞见The boss walked in on one of the workers sleeping at his desk.walk into [sth] vtr phrasal insep (enter: on foot)走进I walked right into his trap.walk into [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (bump against: [sb] or [sth])无意撞上A woman walked into me in the street and didn't even apologise.I wasn't looking where I was going, and walked right into the wall.walk into [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (encounter unexpectedly)意外遇上I just happened to walk into your brother at the store. He looks great!walk [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (calories, fat: burn by walking) (消耗脂肪、热量等)通过走路来消耗I've just had a heavy lunch so I suppose I'd better go and walk it off.我才吃了一顿丰盛的午餐，所以我最好去走走来消耗一下摄入的热量。walk off with [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (take, steal)轻松获得，轻易取胜；顺手牵羊，顺手拿走After he broke into the house, the thief walked off with all my jewelry.walk off with [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (win)轻松赢得...walk out on [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (refuse to fulfil obligation) (比喻)离开，退场（以示抗议）The player denied that he had any intention of walking out on his contract.walk over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (cross on foot)穿过；走过Just walk over the bridge to get to that part of town. I've had to walk all over York to find your house.要想到小镇的那一边，只需要穿过那座桥即可。为了找到你的住处，我不得不穿过整个约克郡。wall up [sth], wall [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (close off [sth])封住，封锁，封闭The house's new owners walled up the old fireplace.wall [sth/sb] in, wall in [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep (enclose)筑墙围住He used bricks to wall in the garden.wall [sth/sb] in, wall in [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep figurative (surround)把...围住The film star was walled in on all sides by his bodyguards.wall [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (separate with wall)用墙把…隔开；用墙隔断waltz through, waltz through [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (do easily)轻松做到；轻松完成She waltzed through her geography exam thanks to all those months of revision.want for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (need, be without)缺乏；需要备注: Usually with negative.My cute little sister never wants for attention.我可爱的小妹妹从不缺乏关注。want to do [sth] vtr phrasal insep (have a desire to)想要做某事If you want to come, get in the car!如果你想来，就上车！ward against [sth] vtr phrasal sep (defend against)守护；阻止The magician muttered incantations to ward against evil spirits.ward [sth/sb] off, ward off [sth/sb] vtr phrasal sep (keep away)挡开；使…不靠近This spray will help ward off the mosquitoes.这种喷雾能够使蚊子不再靠近。warm [sth] over, warm over [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (food: reheat) (指食物)再热, 重热They warmed over some food that was left from the night before.warm [sth/sb] up vtr phrasal sep (make warmer)使变热，使暖和I lit a fire to warm up the house.我点燃了火炉来使房子暖和起来。warm [sth] up, warm up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (heat, reheat)加热Sally warmed up a piece of pie for dessert.萨利加热了一块派作为甜点。warm up to [sth] (US), warm to [sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep (become more in favour of)适应；逐渐喜欢上；慢慢习惯wash [sth] away, wash away [sth] vtr phrasal sep (remove by cleaning with water)洗去；洗净Saliva helps wash bacteria away from the teeth.口水能帮助洗去牙齿上的细菌。wash [sth] down, wash down [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (food: accompany with a drink)伴着饮料吃下I need some milk to wash down these cookies.wash [sth] down, wash down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (clean thoroughly)冲洗Wash down the cutting board with hot water and plenty of soap to kill the bacteria.Since the water restrictions have gone into effect we will no longer be able to wash down the sidewalks on a daily basis.wash [sth] out vtr phrasal sep figurative (make faded)清洗，清洁，洗掉；被冲走，冲垮；洗得褪色All that sunshine washed out my hair.阳光将我的发色冲淡。wash over [sth] vtr phrasal insep (water: cover)冲过, 流过, 溢过wash over [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (have little impact on)影响甚微wash [sth] up, wash up [sth] vtr phrasal sep UK (clean: dishes)洗（餐具）Scrambled eggs make the pan hard to wash up.炒过鸡蛋的平底锅很难清洗。watch for [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (be vigilant for, careful of)留心；密切注意Watch for falling rocks along that road.She appears to be uninjured after her fall but we should watch for any signs of a concussion.watch out for [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (remain vigilant for, beware of)注意；留心；提防Watch out for pickpockets when you're in a crowd.In this neighborhood you need to watch out for children playing in the street.watch over [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep (keep under surveillance)看守；监视；监视Watch over him while I call the police.看好他，我来打电话叫警察。water down, water [sth] down, water down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (dilute) (本义)掺水于，用水把…冲淡；往...兑水I don't like this orange juice; it's too watered down!我不爱喝这款橙汁，它兑太多水了。water down, water [sth] down, water down [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (make weaker)削弱；使减弱；弱化John's publishers advised him to water down his polemic.约翰的出版商建议他不要有太强烈的论辩。wave [sb/sth] aside, wave aside [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep (dismiss with hand gesture)挥手示意…退下，挥手示意…离开wave [sb/sth] away, wave away [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep (dismiss [sb/sth])挥手告别；挥手拒绝wave [sb/sth] down, wave down [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep (signal [sth/sb] to stop)挥手示意…停下wave [sb/sth] off vtr phrasal sep (gesture goodbye to)挥手告别The onlookers waved the train off as it left the station.wave [sb/sth] off vtr phrasal sep figurative (dismiss, disregard)挥手赶走；挥手驱去wear [sth] away vtr phrasal sep (erode)使受到磨损或侵蚀Over time, the wind and rain wear away the stone of buildings.wear [sth] away vtr phrasal sep figurative (pass time) (指时间)打发，度过They wore the night away with stories of their youth.wear [sth] down vtr phrasal sep (erode)使磨损，使损耗，使磨坏She wore down the blade by using it so often.因为经常使用那把刀，她把刀锋都磨坏了。wear on [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (annoy)让人烦The clock's ticking is beginning to wear on my nerves.wear [sth] out, wear out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (destroy through use)用坏；用破I loved that album when I was a kid; I played the tape until I wore it out.当我还是个孩子的时候，我喜欢那张专辑。我不停地播放着磁带，直到用坏为止。wear [sth] out, wear [sth] through vtr phrasal sep (make a hole in [sth])磨破；穿破Our children have worn out the knees of their trousers.我们孩子已经把裤子的膝盖都磨破了。weasel out of [sth] vi phrasal + prep (get out of [sth])从...退出；逃避weed out [sth], weed [sth] out vtr phrasal sep figurative (eradicate [sth])剔除，消除，根除；淘汰We're not going to weed out all the bad influences by stopping the free flow of information.我们不会通过阻止信息的自由流动来根除所有负面影响。weigh [sb/sth] down, weigh down [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep often passive (be heavy)令...承重；令...负重I was weighed down with all the shopping I did today.The weight of her rucksack weighed Sarah down.weigh in on [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (offer an opinion about)发表对...的意见；提出对...的看法Dave weighed in on the discussion about marketing, even though it wasn't really his field.weigh in with [sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (offer: opinion, support) (观点等)提出，提供，发表The senator weighed in with his opinion on the bill.weigh out [sth], weigh [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (measure out a certain amount)称出weigh [sth] up, weigh up [sth] and [sth] vtr phrasal sep (compare)权衡In making my decision, I had to weigh up the advantages and disadvantages.做决定时，我不得不权衡利弊。weigh [sth/sb] up vtr phrasal sep (assess, evaluate)估量The boxer weighed up his opponent.那名拳击手估量了他的对手。weight [sth] down, weight down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (hold down with a weight)使…负重；wheel [sb/sth] out, wheel out [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep (use to support argument)用…来论证wheel [sb/sth] out, wheel out [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep (present repeatedly)反复使用；故技重施while [sth] away, wile [sth] away vtr phrasal sep (time: spend idly) (时间)消磨I whiled away a few minutes looking in shop windows.whip [sth] out, whip out [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (produce quickly)快速生产The traffic warden whipped out his pad and wrote me a parking ticket.whip [sth] out, whip out [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (produce suddenly or unexpectedly)忽然拿出, 突然取出；忽然变出The conjuror whipped a rabbit out of his hat.whip [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (generate, stir up)煽动, 激起The tabloids are whipping up a fuss about immigration.小报在移民问题上煽动情绪。whip [sth] up vtr phrasal sep (produce rapidly or ingeniously)迅速或巧妙地做出Elizabeth whipped up a costume for the fancy dress party out of a few pieces of old material she had in a drawer.伊丽莎白从抽屉里取出几块旧布料，迅速做了一套化装舞会的服装。whip [sth] up vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (food: cook or prepare rapidly) (饭菜)很快做出，很快准备好You just sit there and I'll whip up some breakfast for us.你就坐在那里，我来准备一点早餐。whisk [sth] away, whisk [sth] off vtr phrasal sep (remove, take away)迅速拿走Rachel whisked away the dishes from the main course, before producing a wonderful dessert.蕾切尔快速收掉主菜，然后上了一道美味的甜点。whittle [sth] away vtr phrasal sep figurative (reduce, eliminate)逐渐削减，慢慢削弱whittle away at [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (reduce)逐渐消减whittle [sth] down vtr phrasal sep figurative (cut, reduce)削减；削弱；逐渐减少；逐渐降低win back [sth/sb], win [sth/sb] back vtr phrasal sep (retrieve, recover)重新获得；赢回After a long legal battle, the singer finally won back total control over his recorded output.If you want to win back your girlfriend you have to show her you're sorry.wind [sth] back, wind back [sth] vtr phrasal sep literal (tape, film: rewind)卷回wind [sth] back, wind back [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (return to previous state)回到；恢复至wind [sth] down, wind down [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (bring to gradual end)使…逐渐停止The company is winding down its operations in that part of the world.这家公司正在逐渐减少那个地区的业务。wind [sth] up, wind up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (power by turning)上You have to use a special key to wind the clock up.你必须用一把特殊的钥匙给钟上发条。wind [sth] up, wind up [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal, figurative (end)终结, 结束It's time for lunch - I wish they'd wind up this boring meeting!该吃午饭了，我希望他们能结束这个无聊的会议！wink at [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal, figurative (tolerate, ignore)假装没看见；默许The boss tends to wink at people going home early on a Friday, as long as they've finished all their work.wipe [sth] away, wipe away [sth] vtr phrasal sep (remove by wiping)擦去Let me wipe away your tears.wipe [sth] away, wipe away [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative (get rid of, erase)消灭，去除You can't expect to wipe away your past misdeeds as if they were dust on a mirror.wipe [sth] off, wipe off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (remove by rubbing)擦掉；擦去They were able to wipe off the graffiti with a wet sponge.他们用一块湿海绵擦掉了涂鸦。wipe [sth] out, wipe out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (eradicate, eliminate)彻底摧毁；消灭，歼灭With this new weapon we'll be able to wipe out our enemies.用这款新型武器，我们能将敌方彻底歼灭。wire [sth] up, wire up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (connect to cables)给…接通电源I didn't know how to wire up the speakers.wire [sth] up, wire up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (connect: equipment) (机器或设备等)给...接线，给...连线；组装；安装wise up to [sth] vtr phrasal insep US, informal (realise)意识到；认识到I hope you wise up to his tricks before you get hurt.wise [sb] up (to [sth]) vtr phrasal sep US, informal (make aware)令...认识到；令...意识到wish [sth] away, wish away [sth] vtr phrasal sep (problem: expect to disappear) (问题)希望…消失；希望...不再存在备注: Usually used with a negative.wish [sth] away, wish away [sth] vtr phrasal sep (spend time waiting for future)不停地表示愿望；不停地盼望着Don't wish away your time here; enjoy where you are now.wish for [sth] vtr phrasal insep (desire, long to have)渴望；想要；渴求I've always wished for a better life for my family.wonder about [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep (ponder)想知道；对…感到奇怪Sometimes I wonder about the origins of the universe and where we came from.；work around [sth], also UK: work round [sth] vtr phrasal insep (avoid, bypass)避免；避开；绕过They worked around the software bug by eliminating some features.work [sth] down, work down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (negotiate lower price)议…的价；对...讨论降价After negotiating for fifteen minutes, Sam worked the price down to $200.work [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (insert)把…穿插进去；掺入；加入I like the report, but could you somehow work in a mention of John's contribution?报告写得不错，但是你能多少把约翰的贡献也穿插进去提及一下么？work [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (insert with difficulty)把…穿插进去；插入，掺入Drill a hole in the base and then gradually work the rod in the hole.在底座上钻一个洞，然后逐渐将长杆插入洞中。work [sth] in vtr phrasal sep (find time)安排时间；腾出时间I'm pretty busy, but I think I can work in a movie tonight. I hope the doctor's office can work me in today.我希望今天那个医生能为我腾出时间。work [sth] off, work off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (get rid of by physical effort) (通过体力消耗)摆脱；除掉；处理掉Walking around the neighborhood should work off some of that meal.在街区附近走走，应该多少能消耗掉刚刚那顿饭摄入的热量。work [sth] off, work off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (pay back through work) (通过工作)除去；消除work on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (put effort into)致力于You really need to work on controlling your temper.I really need to work on my patience.你真的需要控制你的脾气。//我真的需要锻炼一下我的耐心。work on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (car, appliance, etc.: fix) (车，器械等)修理Lucas spent the whole weekend working on his car, but the engine is still making a strange noise.卢卡斯整个周末都在修理他的汽车，但现在发动机仍会发出奇怪的声音。work on [sth] vtr phrasal insep (puzzle: try to solve) (难题)设法解决Alan Turing worked on the Enigma Code during the Second World War.在第二次世界大战期间，艾伦·图灵研究过恩尼格玛密码。work [sth] out, work out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (solve)解答；解决I'm still trying to work out this last crossword clue.我还在努力找出最后一组填字游戏的线索。work [sth] out, work out [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (calculate)算出；计算出I finally worked out my income taxes, and now I have to send the government a check.我终于计算出了我的所得税，现在我需要给政府寄一张支票。work [sth] out, work out [sth] vtr phrasal sep informal (resolve)解决They have a lot of problems to work out with their marriage.Things are very hostile between management and the union; it isn't clear how they will work out this dispute.他们有很多婚姻问题要解决。/ /管理层和工会间非常敌对，不清楚他们会如何解决这一争端。work through [sth] vtr phrasal insep (manage, deal with)完成；处理；解决I worked through my budget, and decided to spend less. Just work through the first part of the problem for now.我完成了预算，决定减少开支。目前，才刚解决了问题的第一部分。work through [sth] vtr phrasal insep (resolve)解决好He spent years working through the death of his parents in an accident.他花了好几年才解决好父母在一场事故中身亡的事情。work [sth] up, work up [sth] vtr phrasal insep (produce, generate)引起；产生I'm so unfit that I work up a sweat just walking down to the corner.我仅仅走到街角的时候就出汗了，这样很不健康。work [sth] up, work up [sth] vtr phrasal insep (prepare)精心制作；详细制定Susan will try to work up a sketch by Friday.苏珊将在周五前制作一份草案。work [sth] up, work up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (develop [sth])发展The artist worked up his drawing by adding greater detail.work up to [sth] vtr phrasal insep informal (gather courage)鼓起勇气I'm still working up to asking her out on a date.worm out of [sth] vi phrasal + prep informal, figurative (avoid a task, duty) (任务、职责)逃避As usual, Simon managed to worm out of the morning meeting.wrap [sth] up, wrap up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (cover, envelop)包住；包裹住I'll wrap it up securely and put it in the post to you.我会把它包好，然后寄给你。wrap [sth] up, wrap up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (gift-wrap, turn into a parcel) (用美丽的纸张及缎带等)包装I have to wrap up the birthday presents.我得把生日礼物包装好。wrap [sth] up, wrap up [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (complete, summarize)圆满结束；顺利完成Let's wrap the meeting up - I have a plane to catch.让我们结束会议吧，我要去赶飞机。wriggle away from [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep figurative (person: escape)从...逃脱wriggle out of [sth] vtr phrasal insep figurative (evade: a duty)摆脱Joey could not wriggle out of the consequences of his lies.wriggle out of [sth] vtr phrasal insep (escape)摆脱I scraped my hands and knees wriggling out of the narrow cave.write [sth] down, write down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (transcribe, put in writing)写下；记下That was a great idea! Let's find some paper and write it down. You should write the phone number down before you forget it.那真是个好点子！让我们找张纸把它写下来。你应该将那个电话号码写下来，以防忘记。write [sth] down, write down [sth] vtr phrasal sep (reduce value of asset)减记，划减；减少The company's assets were written down by $20m last year.去年，这家公司的资产缩水了2000万美元。write [sth] in, write in [sth] vtr phrasal sep (inscribe [sth] inside)在…题写，在…题赠write [sth] off, write off [sth] vtr phrasal sep (record as total loss) (将收不回的坏账列作损失)冲销；一气呵成地写出We're going to have to write off the warehouse that burnt down.我们要将烧毁的仓库作为坏账冲销掉。write [sth] off, write off [sth] vtr phrasal sep UK, informal (car, vehicle: completely wreck) (车辆)将…报废Brian had an accident and he wrote his car off.布莱恩出了车祸，车报废了。write [sth] off, write off [sth] vtr phrasal sep figurative, informal (discount, dismiss)不考虑；略过We can certainly write off his opinion: he never knows what he's talking about!我们可以不用考虑他的意见，他从来不知道他在讲什么！write off for [sth] vi phrasal + prep (send, apply for [sth])发信索取，发信订购Joe wrote off for the skin cream he'd seen advertised in a magazine.乔写信订购在杂志广告上看到的那种护肤霜。write [sth] out vtr phrasal sep (transcribe in full)全部写出，完整写出I signed my name and wrote it out in block capitals underneath.我签了名，并在下方以大写字母完整写出了姓名。write [sth] up, write up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (write out in full)详细描写；详细记述Please write up your notes from the classroom observation.请将课堂观察的笔记写下来。write [sth] up, write up [sth] vtr phrasal sep (write a critique of)写...评论Jessica writes up movies for her school newspaper.杰西卡为校报撰写电影评论。yell [sth] out, yell out [sth] vtr phrasal sep (cry, shout)喊叫；大喊I yelled out "Stop!" just as she was about to drive through the red light.zip [sth] up, zip up [sth] (UK), zipper [sth] up, zipper up [sth] (US) vtr phrasal sep (close with a zip fastener)拉上；用拉链扣上Zip up your jacket!zoom in on [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep (focus closely on)聚焦于；镜头拉近至 复合形式： a certain amount of [sth] n (modicum, small quantity)少量的某物You need to use a certain amount of caution when using that product. a certain amount of [sth] n (specified quantity)一定量的某物 a cut above [sth/sb] prep (superior to)优于；比…更好；比…略胜一筹He is a cut above the rest. a dab hand at [sth] n informal (person skilled at [sth])...的能手；很擅长...My sister's coming to put up some shelves for me. She's a dab hand at DIY. be a far cry from [sth] expr informal (very different from)与…大不相同的；大相径庭的Life in Canada is a far cry from what she's used to in Haiti.在加拿大的生活和她从前在海地的生活大相径庭。 a great deal of [sth], a good deal of [sth] expr (large amount of [sth])大量Her presidential campaign had a great deal of success at the local level.她的总统竞选在地方一级取得巨大成功。 a great one for doing [sth] n informal (person: does [sth] frequently)擅长做某事者He's a great one for telling stories. a heartbeat away from [sth] expr US, figurative (very close)非常近；接近I'm sure you're only a heartbeat away from success now. a quarter till [sth], a quarter 'til [sth] (US), a quarter to [sth], quarter to [sth] (UK) expr (15 minutes before the hour)差十五分钟到…（点）I'll meet you at a quarter till one... in the afternoon, of course. a smidgen, a smidgin of [sth], a smidgeon of [sth] n (tiny amount of [sth])一点点；一丁点She added a smidgen of cinnamon to the pie. a smidgen, a smidgin of [sth], a smidgeon of [sth] n figurative (tiny amount)一点点；一丁点It's a cliché, but there's a smidgen of truth in it. a stone's throw from [sth], within a stone's throw of [sth] expr figurative, informal (near)离…一箭之遥；离…不远The shop is just a stone's throw from my house. A-Z of [sth] n (glossary, informative list)...的术语表The A-Z of Medical Terms covers the most common words used in the medical world. abandon [sth] vtr (place: leave, neglect)弃置；离弃；抛弃The family abandoned their house and fled the country.这一家人抛下了自己的房子，逃离了这个国家。 abandon [sth] vtr (object: leave) (物品)丢弃，丢下Susan abandoned her book on the train.苏珊把书丢在火车上了。 abandon [sth] vtr (stop doing, working on [sth])停止；放弃I won't abandon this project; I plan to see it through to the end.我是不会放弃这个项目的，我打算坚持到底。 abandon [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep (give up control of)把...的控制权让给...；把...的控制权丢给...The army abandoned the territory to the indigenous peoples. abandon hope of doing [sth] v expr (give up all hope of doing)对...不抱希望, 不再奢望...Jim abandoned hope of seeing Sarah again. abandon yourself to [sth] v expr (surrender to [sth]: desires, etc.)屈从于；沉溺于 abase [sb/sth] vtr (degrade)降低…的地位；卑躬屈膝His years of living in Paris seem to have completely abased him.他在巴黎的这几年生活好像完全让他陷入了自卑。 abate [sth] vtr formal (lessen)减弱；缓和I could give no excuse that would abate the headmaster's anger. abbreviate [sth] vtr (make shorter)缩写，缩略It is hard to abbreviate the name "Ian."想要简化姓名“Ian”很难。 abdicate [sth] vtr (give up, renounce) (权力、要求、责任)放弃，舍弃Dorothy abdicated all responsibility for her son the moment he started stealing to fund his drug habit.从她儿子开始偷钱来满足药瘾的那刻起，桃乐茜就推卸掉对他的所有责任。 abet [sth] vtr (assist or enable: a crime)教唆；怂恿Mark was charged with abetting the murder.马克因教唆谋杀而受到控告。 abhor [sth/sb] vtr formal (detest)厌恶，讨厌；憎恨，痛恨I abhor the perpetrators of this evil act. not abide [sth/sb] vtr (not tolerate)不容忍，不忍耐I can't abide his smoking in the house. "I won't abide insolence or bad behaviour," said the schoolteacher.我不能容忍他在房子里吸烟。“我不能容忍傲慢无礼的举动和不良行为，”那位老师说。 abjure [sth] vtr (renounce)宣布放弃Galileo was forced to abjure his belief that the earth moves round the sun. ablate [sth] vtr formal (medicine: remove) (医学)切除，摘除The surgeon ablated the patient's tumor.外科医生切除了病人的肿瘤。 able to do [sth] expr (capable of doing)能做到，能够做到The only people able to afford to buy a house in this area are millionaires.只有百万富翁才能买得起这一片的房子。 be able to do [sth] v expr (can, have the ability to do)能，能够Claire wasn't able to reach the jar on the top shelf.克莱尔够不到最上层的罐子。 abnegate [sth] vtr (give up, renounce)放弃；拒绝 go aboard [sth] vi + prep (enter: a ship, vehicle)上船；上车The passengers were waiting to go aboard the ship. abolish [sth] vtr (eradicate, end)废除，废止；彻底破坏The company has pledged to abolish these unfair practices.公司承诺废止这些不公平的做法。 abominate [sth/sb] vtr formal (loathe)痛恨；仇恨；厌恶Mrs. Howell abominates people with low morals.豪厄尔女士非常厌恶道德低下的人。 abort [sth] vtr (pregnancy: terminate)做人工流产；堕胎She aborted an unwanted pregnancy at age 17.她在17岁时因意外怀孕堕过一次胎。 abort [sth] vtr (rocket launch: stop) (火箭发射等)中止，中途取消Technicians aborted the launch when two tests failed.在两次测试失败后，技术人员中止了发射。 abort [sth] vtr (process, project: end) (项目、计划等)使夭折，中止The sooner we abort this foolish project the better.我们越快中止这项愚蠢的计划，对我们越有利。 abound with [sth] vi + prep (be filled with [sth])充满；满是The hotel cellars were abounding with vermin.这家酒店的地窖里满是寄生虫。 abound in [sth] vi + prep (have a plentiful amount of [sth])充满The fields in this area abound in wildflowers. be about [sth/sb] v expr (be on the subject of)关于；有关My presentation is about the effects of alcohol.This book is about a king who loses his crown.我的报告内容是关于酒精影响的。//这本书讲述的是一名国王丢掉皇位的故事。 be about to do [sth] v expr (on the point of doing)正要做…的时候，正准备做…时I was just about to step into the bath when the doorbell rang.我正要进入浴室时，门铃响了。 about to become [sth] v expr (on the point of being)即将成为；即将变成She is about to become the youngest scientist to win the Nobel Prize. abrade [sth] vtr (rub, wear)擦掉；使…磨损Claire used sandpaper to abrade the rough edges of the wood.卡莱尔用砂皮来磨平木块的毛边。 abreast of [sb/sth] adv (level, side by side)与...持平地, 与...并排地 abreast of [sth] adv figurative (up to date with: events, etc.) (事件等)保持对最新...的了解；与时俱进地Keep me abreast of any changes to the plan. abridge [sth] vtr often passive (cut, shorten: a text) (文本等)缩写，略写，摘要，简写The publisher has abridged the novel for recording as an audiobook.出版商删减了小说，以便录制成有声读物。 abrogate [sth] vtr (abolish)废除；废止 abseil down [sth] vi + prep (descend using a rope)绳降；绕绳下降Sharon abseiled down the side of a skyscraper to raise money for charity. absence, absence of [sth] n (lack)缺乏；没有There was an absence of remorse in John's apology.约翰的道歉中缺乏悔过之情。 absent from [sth] adj + prep (not present at)未出席…的Jasmine was absent from the party on Sunday.贾斯敏没有出席周日的聚会。 absent yourself from [sth] v expr formal (leave)离开，离席If you feel unwell, simply absent yourself from the table.如果你感觉不适，从餐桌离席就好。 absent, absent yourself from [sth] v expr formal (not attend)缺席；不能到场Mr Smith sends his apologies for having to absent himself from today's meeting.史密斯先生为缺席今日的会议而表示歉意。 absolve [sb] of [sth], absolve [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep (religion: free from sin) (宗教)赦免…的罪The priest absolved the man of all his sins. absolve [sb] of [sth], absolve [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep (free from guilt)宣判...无罪；判定…无责The court absolved Richard of any blame for the accident. absorb [sth] vtr (soak up: liquid) (液体)吸，吸收The towel absorbed the excess water.毛巾把多余的水吸收了。 absorb [sth] vtr (sound: take in without echo) (声音)吸，吸收The walls of this room absorb sound.这间房间的墙壁能吸收声音。 absorb [sth] vtr (soften: impact)减少；缓冲Bumpers on a car absorb the impact of a collision.汽车的保险杠能够减少撞击时产生的冲击。 absorb [sth] vtr figurative (take on: ideas)理解；汲取The students absorbed the professor's radical ideas.学生们汲取了教授激进的理念。 absorb [sth/sb] vtr figurative, often passive (assimilate)兼并；吞并The corporation gradually absorbed the smaller firms in the area.这家公司逐渐吞并了这片地区比它小的公司。 absorb [sth] vtr figurative, often passive (consume)消耗；用掉If demand continues to absorb the available supply at this rate, we are headed for disaster.如果需求以这个速度，继续消耗可用的供给，结果将是灾难性的。 absorb [sth] vtr figurative (take in: info, experience) (信息)吸收；理解；体验The tourists spent the morning absorbing the sights and smells of the local market.游客们整个早上都在体验当地集市的风情，欣赏集市的景象、品味集市的气息。 absorb [sth] vtr figurative (pay for)承担...费用His company absorbed the losses of the business it acquired. absorbed in [sth] adj + prep figurative (person: concentrating)集中精力于；全神贯注于She was so absorbed in the novel that she didn't hear the telephone ring. absorbed in doing [sth] adj + prep figurative (person: engrossed in) (人)全神贯注于，全神贯注地做某事Fiona was absorbed in painting a portrait. be absorbed into [sth] v expr (be integrated, assimilated)专注于The police lost sight of Tom when he was absorbed into the crowd. abstain from [sth] vi + prep (refrain from, not indulge in)戒除；戒绝Roman Catholics abstain from eating meat on Fridays during Lent. abstention from [sth] n (not partaking of [sth])戒除If you are driving, abstention from alcohol is the only way to be safe. abstract [sth] vtr (condense, summarize in writing)做…的摘录概要；对…进行摘要；总结The handout will abstract the main points of the speech.分发的资料中对演讲的要点做了摘要。 abstract [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (consider out of practical context)从...中将...抽离出来It is difficult to abstract Baroque music from its religious context.巴洛克音乐和其宗教背景密不可分。 abstract [sth] vtr (extract, remove [sth])抽出；提取Farmers have rights to abstract well water.农民拥有取井水的权利。 abstract [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (obtain [sth] from a source)从...中抽取...；从...中提取...The data is abstracted from online news stories. abundance of [sth] n (large quantity of)富足；富有；富裕We have such an abundance of tomatoes this year.今年，我们有足够多的西红柿。 abuse [sth] vtr (drugs, alcohol: take)过度使用；超量服用My uncle is in treatment because he abuses alcohol.我叔叔酗酒，正在接受治疗。 abuse [sth] vtr ([sth]: use wrongly)滥用；妄用The dictator is accused of abusing his power.那位独裁者被指滥用权力。 abuse [sth] vtr (object, device: misuse)粗暴地使用；不爱惜Please do not abuse the keyboard by pounding on the keys.请不要使劲敲键来糟践键盘。 abut [sth] vtr (architecture: support) (建筑物)支撑，承受…的重量The beams abut the wall.房梁支撑着墙。 abut [sth] vtr (geography: adjoin) (地理)毗邻，紧靠，邻接Our property abuts an abandoned lot.我们的房产临近一处废址。 accede to [sth] vi + prep formal (agree to [sth])答应；同意We refuse to accede to the terrorists' demands. accede to [sth] vi + prep formal (join a treaty, organization)加入The Czech Republic acceded to the EU in May 2004. accede to [sth] vi + prep formal (take on power, office)任职The young prince acceded to the throne when he came of age. accelerate [sth] vtr (hasten)加快；加速Global warming is accelerating the disappearance of glaciers.全球变暖加速了冰川消逝。 accent [sth] vtr (add to letter)加重音符号Make sure you accent the "e" when you write the word "risqué."请确保在写单词“risqué”时在“e”上加重音符号。 accent [sth] vtr (add flair)提升魅力；增加吸引力The woodwork in this room accents the unique architecture.这间房间的木工装饰增加了独有建筑风格。 accent [sth] vtr (accentuate, emphasize)强调It is important to accent this point.强调一下这一点很重要。 accent [sth] vtr (syllable: emphasize) (音节)重读You should accent the first syllable in the word "lightning."在"lightning“这个词中，你应当重读第一个音节。 accentuate [sth] vtr (speech: stress, emphasize)重读When learning a new word in a foreign language, it's important to know which syllable to accentuate.学习外语的新单词时，了解哪个音节需要重读非常重要。 accentuate [sth] vtr (feature: emphasize) (设计等)突出，强调He accentuates the macabre in his short stories.他在所著的短篇故事中突出了恐怖部分的描写。 accept [sth] vtr (answer affirmatively)答应；接受He accepted the invitation to the party.他们接受了宴会邀请。 accept [sth] vtr (as payment) (支付方式)接受，认可We accept cash and credit cards as payment for merchandise.我们接受以现金和信用卡来支付货款。 accept [sth] vtr (consent to)接受；同意The losing army accepted the terms of surrender.战败的军队接受了投降条件。 accept [sth] vtr (believe)接受；相信I can't accept your excuse; it doesn't make sense.你的托辞根本没有道理，我无法接受。 accept [sth] vtr (receive)接受；收下；收到She accepted the shipment from the deliveryman.她收下了送货人送来的货物。 accept [sth], accept that vtr (tolerate, agree with) (认为正确而接受)相信，接受She cannot accept that he is married to someone else now.她不能接受现在他要和其他人结婚的事实。 accept [sth] vtr (accommodate: an insert) (机械设备等)使用；用得了；匹配This lamp only accepts specialized light bulbs. accepting of [sth/sb] adj + prep (tolerant of [sth])包容This community is accepting of people of all cultures and backgrounds. access [sth] vtr (gain access to: information) (计算机)访问，存取Can you access that file or is it blocked?您能访问那个文件吗？文件是不是被屏蔽了？ access [sth] vtr (reach, get into: a place)进入In order to access the computer room, students have to use a special swipe card.要进入计算机室，学生必须使用一张特制的磁卡。 accession [sth] vtr US (add to collection)入藏；新增藏品The librarian accessioned all of the new books and added them to the shelves.图书管理员录入所有新书并将它们放置在书架上。 accessorize [sth/sb], also UK: accessorise [sth/sb] vtr (adorn with accessories)用饰品装饰A colourful scarf is the perfect way to accessorise an outfit.；accessorize [sth] with [sth], also UK: accessorise [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (furnish [sth] with accessories)给…装配（附件等）Adam has accessorized his home with antique lamps, mirrors and rugs. acclaim [sb/sth] as [sth] vtr + prep often passive (praise, applaud)称许，称赞，赞扬；向…喝彩Critics acclaimed her as the greatest actress of the 20th century.评论家都称赞她为20世纪最伟大的女演员。acclaim [sb] [sth] vtr (recognize, acknowledge as)拥护；认可The people acclaimed him their leader.acclimate to [sth] vi + prep (become accustomed to [sth])适应；习惯acclimate [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (make accustomed to [sth])使适应；使逐渐习惯于acclimatize to [sth], also UK: acclimatise to [sth] vi + prep figurative (become accustomed to [sth])使适应；使习惯于People in the city have been forced to acclimatize to increased security controls.acclimatize [sb/sth] to [sth], also UK: acclimatise [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (accustom to [sth])使适应；使习惯于If you have cats and you move house you need to keep the cats indoors for at least a few days to acclimatize them to their new home.acclimatize [sb/sth] to [sth], also UK: acclimatise [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (accustom to climate)使...适应气候；使…服水土Before planting out your young seedlings, take them out of the greenhouse for a short period, then increase each day, to acclimatize them to the colder conditions outdoors.accommodate [sth] vtr (fulfill: need, request)完成We can no longer accommodate requests for transfers.我们已经无法完成更多转账请求了。accommodate [sth] vtr (adapt to)适应；顺应；照顾到The schedule must be able to accommodate last-minute changes.日程必须考虑到临时变化的可能性。accommodate [sb/sth] vtr (provide for)供养，支持，满足…所需The new rules accommodate people of all age groups.be accompanied by [sb/sth] v expr (go in company with)有...陪同的be accompanied by [sth] v expr (coexist with)一同发生或存在的accompany [sth] vtr often passive (go with food)佐（餐）；配...一起吃I ordered a side of sweet potatoes to accompany my steak.Our omelettes are accompanied by salad or chips.我点了一道红薯，配牛排一起吃。//我们的煎蛋卷佐了沙拉和薯片。accompany [sth] vtr (happen at same time)伴随；与…同时发生Rumbling thunder accompanied the sudden downpour.雷声轰鸣，同时大雨也在顷刻之间倾盆而下。accomplish [sth] vtr (reach a goal)达到，实现Adam accomplished his goal of passing the algebra course.亚当实现了自己的目标，成功通过了代数课。accord with [sth] vi + prep (correspond)与...相符；与...一致Make sure your behavior accords with the company's code of conduct.确保你的行为符合公司的行为准则。accord [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (grant)将某物授予某人We hereby accord to the petitioner the relief that she requests.我们现授予申请人所要求的救济金。account [sth], account [sth] [sth] vtr (report to be)报导；报道The critics accounted it a good play.account [sb/sth] [sth] vtr formal (consider)把…看作；认为...是...This restaurant is accounted the best in town.大家认为这家是镇上最好的餐厅。account for [sth] vi + prep (count up)解释；说明He could account for every penny he had spent.他能够就自己的每一笔开支作出解释。account yourself [sth] vtr + refl formal (consider yourself) (正式用语)认为自己是；把自己看作He accounts himself poor.accounting for [sth] expr (considering)考虑到；把…考虑在内Even accounting for the bad weather, the number of visitors to the park has been very low.即使把糟糕的天气考虑在内，来公园的游客数一直以来也太少了。accountable for [sth] adj + prep (obliged to justify)对...负有责任的Students are accountable for their behavior in school.学生对其在校行为负有责任。accouter [sb] with [sth] (US), accoutre [sb] with [sth] (UK) vtr + prep (equip or furnish)为...装备...accredit [sth/sb] vtr (award credits to)给予...荣誉accredit [sth/sb] vtr (certify, authorize)授权；委任accroach [sth] vtr US, archaic (law: hook, usurp) (法律)侵占accrue [sth] vtr formal (collect)收集；积攒My grandmother accrued a fine collection of art in her lifetime.我祖母一生中积攒了一批精致的艺术品。accrue to [sth] vi + prep (fall naturally to)自然获得；自然形成A better salary is one of the benefits that accrue from higher education.高等教育能自然带来的好处之一就是更高的薪资。acculturate [sb] to [sth], acculturate [sb] into [sth] vtr (assimilate: into a culture)使...融入...文化；使...适应...文化accumulate [sth] vtr (gather)积聚；积累；积攒He's accumulated thousands of books over the course of a lifetime.他一生收藏了上千本图书。accuse [sb] of [sth] vtr + prep often passive (law: charge with a crime)控告某人…；指控某人…Mr Robertson's former employer has accused him of fraud.罗伯森先生的前雇主指控他诈骗。accuse [sb] of doing [sth] v expr (blame for doing)指责；责备They accused me of not setting aside enough time.他们因我没有抽出足够时间而指责我。accuse [sb] of doing [sth] v expr (law: charge with a crime) (司法)控告He's accused of embezzling thousands of pounds.他因挪用数千英镑而受到控告。accustom [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (habituate)使…习惯Years of living in Morocco have accustomed me to hot weather.在摩洛哥生活多年让我适应了炎热的天气。ace [sth] vtr slang (exam: do very well) (考试中)取得A等成绩Despite the difficulty of the math exam, Mary aced it.尽管这次数学考试很难，但是玛丽还是取得了高分。acerbate [sth] vtr archaic (make bitter)使变得更苦ache for [sth] vi + prep figurative (yearn for)渴望；向往After many years abroad, Bob ached for his homeland.海外漂泊多年后，鲍勃渴望回到故乡。ache to do [sth] v expr (yearn, long to do)渴望做（某事）；想做（某事）When it's this cold, I ache to go to the Bahamas.冷成这样的时候，我就很想去巴哈马群岛。achieve [sth] vtr (accomplish)完成；实现；成就There are many things I'd like to achieve.我想完成的事情有很多。achieve [sth] vtr (reach)达到，实现Tony achieved his goal of becoming department head.托尼实现了自己当上部门一把手的目标。acidify [sth] vtr (turn into acid)酸化；使变酸acknowledge [sth], acknowledge that vtr (admit, accept as true)承认； (对权威、地位、主张等)承认I acknowledge that I could have made better decisions.我承认我本来应该可以做出更好的决定。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 我们一致承认他是我们城市最有威望的人。acknowledge [sth] vtr (recognise)承认；认可The father acknowledged his paternity of the child, based on a strong physical resemblance.因为两人长得很像，那位父亲承认了自己与那个孩子之间的亲子关系。acknowledge [sb], acknowledge [sb] for [sth] vtr (thank [sb] for)感谢；向…致谢The president acknowledged her contributions in a ceremony.在一次庆典上，总裁对她的贡献表示了感谢。acknowledge [sth] vtr (confess)承认；供认The killer acknowledged his guilt in court.acknowledge receipt of [sth] v expr (confirm you have received [sth] sent)确认收讫；确认收到Please acknowledge receipt of this letter.请确认收到本信件。acquaint [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (introduce, make familiar)使…熟悉Once Mark had acquainted his assistant with the computer program, she was able to work on her own.acquaint yourself with [sth] v expr (become familiar with)逐渐熟悉；变得熟悉Read the book, and acquaint yourself with Shakespeare's work.acquaintance with [sth] n (knowledge of a subject)对...的了解；对...的熟识An acquaintance with modern history would be useful for those wishing to take this course of study.对于那些想要学习这门课程的人来说，对近代史的了解十分有用。be acquainted with [sth] v expr formal (be familiar with [sth])知晓；明白；了解；熟知Audiences in Ancient Greece were acquainted with the idea of a hero having a tragic flaw.伟大的英雄会有悲剧性的缺陷——这是古希腊人非常熟知的理念。acquiesce to [sth] vi + prep formal (consent: to a request)默许；默认The principal finally acquiesced to the students' demands.acquiesce in [sth] vi + prep formal (submit, consent to: an event)默认If you don't oppose what's happening, you acquiesce in it.acquire [sth] vtr (obtain) (事物)取得 ， 获得That record is rare and difficult to acquire.那份记录极为罕见，很难获得。acquire [sth] vtr (business: another business) (公司)收购The corporation acquired two smaller firms in the deal last month.这家公司在上个月的一笔交易中收购了两家小企业。acquire [sth] vtr (contract disease) (疾病)罹患The vet gave the dog a vaccine to prevent it from acquiring rabies.兽医给狗注射了疫苗，以防其患上狂犬病。across from [sth/sb] prep (opposite)在…对面；在…另一边My office building is just across from the mall.我的办公大楼就在商场对面。act [sth] vtr (perform)表演；演出；上演The troupe will act a few scenes from Shakespeare.这家剧团要演几场莎士比亚的戏剧。act as [sth/sb] vi + prep (perform function)担当；担任When they first met each other, it was her sister who acted as matchmaker.The man's trousers were held up by a bit of rope that was acting as a belt.act in the interests of [sb/sth] vtr (act to protect or help)为了…的利益而采取行动An attorney will always act in the best interests of her client.action [sth] vtr (request: deal with, act upon)处理；受理Your request will be actioned within 48 hours.您的请求会在48小时内受理。activate [sth] vtr (machine: start) (机械)启动，使开动Activate the machine by pressing this button.按下这个按钮启动机器。activate [sth] vtr (program, membership: make active) (会员资格等)使处于活动状态，激活Click on this link to activate your membership.点击该链接，激活您的会员资格。activate [sth] vtr (military: organize to action) (军事)组建部队行动；动员The National Guard is activating two units to help with the flooding.国民警卫队动员两个部队帮助抗洪。actualize [sth], also UK: actualise [sth] vtr (make real)实现；使成真actuate [sth] vtr (provoke, motivate)激励；激发；驱使actuate [sth] vtr (machine: activate) (机器)启动，开动actuate [sb], actuate [sb] to do [sth] vtr (motivate [sb] to do [sth])激励...做...ad-lib [sth] vtr Latin (improvise)即兴表演，即兴发表；即兴创作出，即兴作出I lost my notes, so I had to ad-lib my entire speech.我遗失了我的笔记，所以我不得不进行全篇即兴演讲。adapt [sth] vtr (change)修改；修订The lawyer adapted the contract to suit his new client's needs.为了符合新客户的需要，律师修订了合同。adapt [sth] vtr (story: rewrite as movie, play) (故事)改编 ， 改写The studio adapted the novel for a movie.那个工作室将小说改编成了电影。adapt yourself to [sth] v expr (get used to)逐渐习惯；逐渐适应adapt yourself to doing [sth] v expr (get used to doing [sth])使自己适应...；使自己习惯...adapt yourself to [sth] v expr (change to accommodate)改变自己以适应adapt yourself to doing [sth] v expr (change to accommodate)改变以适应...You need to adapt yourself to living with other people.adaptable to [sth] adj + prep (person: flexible) (人)善于适应...的；能灵活适应...的You have to be adaptable to changing rules to succeed in this job.be adapted from [sth] v expr (story, movie: be based on [sth]) (故事、电影等)根据…改编而成的The film "Invictus" is adapted from a book by John Carlin.电影《成事在人》是根据约翰·卡尔林所著之书改编而成。add [sth] vtr (mathematics: find total of) (数学)加，把…加起来I will use a calculator to add the numbers.我用计算器把数字加起来。add [sth] vtr (join, put in)增加；添加The family added an extension to their home.这家人对自己家进行了扩建。add [sth] vtr (say as well)补充说明，补充Do you have anything to add to the debate?对此次辩论，你还有什么要补充的吗？add to [sth] vi + prep (supplement)增加，增添Herbs will add to the flavour of the soup.香草能给汤增添香味。add [sth] to [sth] vtr (contribute, enhance)给…添加；给…增加Seasoning adds flavour to food.调味料能给食物添加风味。add to [sth] vi + prep (increase)增多；增加The knowledge of how he died only added to his family's suffering.知道他是怎么死的只能徒增家属的苦痛。add [sth] and/to [sth] vtr (mathematics: calculate total) (数学)将…与…加起来If you add one and six, the total is seven.如果你将一与六加起来，总和就为七。add [sth] to [sth] vtr (join, put in)把…加进Jim plans to add his work to the project.吉姆计划将自己的工作加进项目中来。add [sth] vtr (contribute, enhance)增加；增强The seasoning in this dish really adds depth.add [sth] onto [sth], add on [sth] to [sth] v expr (charge in addition) (uuu)测试看看viThis restaurant automatically adds a service charge onto the bill.just a testadd [sth] onto [sth], add on [sth] to [sth] v expr (append)将...添加到；将...附加到add [sth] together, add together [sth] and [sth] vtr + adv (calculate the total)将...与...相加Add these numbers together and divide the total by three.add [sth] together, add together [sth] and [sth] vtr + adv (combine)将...与...组合；把...和...混合起来Add together the eggs and milk and whisk them until thoroughly mixed.addle [sb/sth] vtr (confuse)使…糊涂；使…头脑混乱Fred is talking nonsense; too much whisky has addled his thinking.佛瑞德在讲胡话，喝了太多威士忌后，让他思维混乱了。address [sb], address [sb] as [sth] vtr (use a title) (头衔)称呼某人，用…来称呼某人"Your Holiness" is the correct way to address the Pope.“陛下”是对教皇的正确称呼。address [sth] vtr (give attention to [sth])致力于，应对，处理We need to address the problem of absenteeism.我们需要处理旷课的问题。address [sth] vtr (write destination on mail) (信件、包裹等)在…上写收件人的姓名和地址You must address the package correctly if you expect it to be delivered.要想包裹送达，收件人的姓名和地址必须写对。address [sth] to [sb] vtr (indicate mail is intended for [sb])在…上写…的地址；将（信）寄给Joyce addressed the letter to her sister.乔伊斯将信寄给妹妹。address [sth] to [sb] vtr (remark: say to [sb])向某人就某事发表讲话O'Neill addressed his remarks to the business owners in the audience.奥尼尔向在座听众中的企业主们发表了讲话。address [sth] to [sb] vtr (consign, entrust)将...交付给；委托…代理The cargo was addressed to the freight forwarder.address [sth] to [sth] vtr (computers: direct data to)把（数据）输入电脑的特定位置；编（址）The server addressed the data to the mainframe.address [sth] vtr (golf: take a stance) (高尔夫球)瞄准，准备击（球）A golfer must first address the ball.adduce [sth] vtr (put forward, cite)引证；举例；援引adept at doing [sth] adj (skilled)内行的；专业的；专业的She's very adept at helping people develop their strengths.adhere to [sth] vi + prep (stick to)粘附；附着Mud adhered to the tires of the truck.卡车轮胎上粘附着泥土。adhere to [sth] vi + prep figurative (rules: abide by, follow) (规则等)遵守，遵照If you don't adhere to the rules, you will be in trouble.如果你不遵守规则，就会自找麻烦。adhere [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (make [sth] stick)使粘附Please adhere the poster to the other side of the door.请把海报贴在门的另一面。adios [sth], adiós [sth] expr US, humorous, Spanish, informal (get rid of)除去；丢弃adjacent to [sth] adj + prep (beside [sth])与...相邻的；与...位置相近的A modern skyscraper is adjacent to the historical church.adjoin [sth] vtr (be connected or joined with)毗邻A small study adjoins the library.小书房临近图书馆。adjourn [sth] vtr (postpone the rest)使延期；使推迟Let's adjourn the meeting until we know for sure that this project has the go-ahead.让我们将会议延期吧，直到我们确定该项目拿到许可。adjourn to [sth] vi + prep (move to another place)换地方；去...The men adjourned to the living room for brandy and cigars.adjudge [sth] vtr (decree, consider)裁决；判决The case was adjudged invalid.该案件被判无效。adjudicate [sth] vtr (settle: dispute) (解决争议)裁断，裁定The judge who adjudicated the case refuses to reopen it.裁决本案的法官拒绝重开案件。adjudicate on [sth] vi + prep (settle a dispute)裁决, 审判adjunct to [sth] n ([sth] additional)附属物；附件；附加物The professor uses multimedia as an adjunct to classic teaching methods.教授将多媒体作为经典教学方法的补充。adjure [sb] to do [sth] vtr (appeal or command: [sb] to do [sth])命令...做某事；要求...做某事adjust [sth] vtr (change, modify: [sth]) (物)调整 ， 校准Zelda adjusted the color on the computer monitor.泽尔达调整了电脑显示器的色彩。adjust [sth] vtr (put right)调整；调正位置The picture on the wall is crooked; please adjust it.墙上的画歪了; 请调整一下。adjust to [sth] vi + prep ([sb]: adapt, get used to [sth])适应Dexter found it impossible to adjust to an office job.德克斯特发现无法适应办公室的工作。adjust to [sth] vi + prep ([sth]: can be modified)可调节至；可调整以适应The seatbelt adjusts to the desired length using this buckle.用这个搭扣可以把安全带调节到所需的长度。adjust [sth] vtr (insurance claim: settle) (决定（保险索赔）中的应付金额)理算, 核算Our records show that we have already adjusted your claim.我们的记录显示我们已核算过您的理赔。adjust for [sth] vi + prep (adapt in consideration of)根据...进行调整When calculating prices, remember to adjust for inflation.administer [sth] vtr (manage, oversee)掌管；管理Who administers your computer system?谁在管理你的电脑系统？administer [sth] vtr (justice: apply, use)执行；施行The court's job is to administer justice.法庭的工作是主持正义。administer [sth] vtr (medicine: give, provide)给（药）；上（药）The nurse showed family members how to administer the medicine.护士向家人们演示如何上药。administrate [sth] vtr (manage, coordinate)管理；协调admire [sth] vtr (be impressed by)欣赏；为...感到赞叹The tourists admired the architecture of the cathedral.游客欣赏了大教堂的建筑。admit [sth] vtr (confess)承认；供认；招认She admitted her love for him.她承认了自己对他的爱慕。admit to [sth] vi + prep (confess to: a crime)供认；承认Cross admitted to the theft of the money.克罗斯承认是自己偷了钱。admit to [sth] v expr (acknowledge: feelings)承认（某种感情）Dave had admitted to being jealous of his younger brother.戴夫承认他嫉妒自己的弟弟。admit [sth], admit that [sth] vtr (with clause: confess)承认；坦白Audrey admitted that she had started the rumours.奥德丽承认流言是她带头传播的。admit [sth] vtr (accept validity of)承认…的有效性；接受I admit the logic of your argument, though I still disagree with your conclusion.我接受你论点的逻辑，尽管我仍然不同意你的结论。admit [sth] vtr (concede)承认；接受The candidate admitted defeat.那位候选人承认了自己的失败。admit [sb] to [sth] vtr often passive (place in an institution)接纳…入（院）；把…收入医院；接受...住院Have you ever been admitted to a hospital?你有没有住过院？admit [sth] vtr (permit)（认为有效、合法而）允许；接受The judge admitted the evidence.法官接受了证据。admit to [sth] vi + prep formal, UK (door, gate: provide access to)通往；通向The gate admits to the courtyard.admit [sth] to [sb] vtr (confess)向…承认；向…供认Ken admitted his part in the robbery to the police.admit [sb] to [sth], admit [sb] into [sth] vtr (allow entry)让…得以进入The night watchman has to go to the door to admit you into the building.admit [sb] to [sth], admit [sb] into [sth] vtr (as a member)准许…加入；允许…加入He was admitted into the golf club as a member.admit [sth], admit that [sth] vtr (with clause: accept)承认；接受I admit that I was wrong.admix [sth] vtr (add to create a mixture)混合admonish [sb] for doing [sth] v expr (reprimand for doing)责备The teacher admonished the student for being late to class yet again.admonish [sb] to do [sth] v expr (warn [sb] about doing [sth])警告；告诫The judge admonished the witness to tell the truth.adopt [sth] vtr (assume: an attitude, etc.)摆出...的样子；作出...的态度Brook adopted an air of nonchalance.布鲁摆出了一副漠不关心的样子。adopt [sth] vtr (use: an idea)采取；采用；采纳The committee adopted the proposal immediately.委员会立刻采纳了那个提案。adopt [sth] vtr (give a home to: a pet) (动物)收养Rachel decided to adopt a dog from the shelter.雷切尔决定从收容所领养一条狗。adopt [sth] vtr figurative (sponsor: an animal) (动物)助养You can adopt a gorilla by giving the zoo a small monthly donation.adore [sth] vtr informal (really like)非常喜欢Serena adores chocolate; she eats it every day.赛琳娜很爱巧克力，天天都吃。adorn [sth] vtr (decorate)装饰；修饰Baubles and tinsel adorned the Christmas tree.小饰物和亮片装饰了圣诞树。adorn [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep often passive (decorate with)用…装饰My mother likes to adorn the house with flowers.adsorb [sth] vtr (attract to surface)吸附adulterate [sth] vtr (substance: make impure)使…不纯；掺杂；掺假adulterate [sth] vtr (corrupt, contaminate)使…变坏；污染adumbrate [sth] vtr (outline [sth])勾画出轮廓adumbrate [sth] vtr (foreshadow)预示；预兆adumbrate [sth] vtr (overshadow)遮蔽；在…上投下阴影advance [sth] vtr (move forward)推动…前进；使…向前移动In the chess game, he advanced his pawn forward two spaces.下国际象棋时，他让兵前进了两格。advance [sth] vtr (further)促进；推进He advanced his career by winning clients.他通过赢得客户来推进自己的事业。advance [sth] vtr (propose)提出I have a proposal that I want to advance to you.advance [sth] vtr (hasten)加速；加快Let's advance our departure because a hurricane is coming.advance [sth] vtr (lend)预付His boss advanced him three hundred dollars.advance [sth] vtr (increase)提高；增加You can advance the price, but you might lose sales.the advent of [sth] n (arrival)到来The advent of spring always gets me excited about gardening.春天的到来总能让我对园艺工作充满热情。advertise for [sth], also US: advertize for [sth] vi + prep (solicit via advertisement)为…做广告宣传；为…打广告Linda was struggling to pay her mortgage, so she decided to advertise for a lodger.琳达正在拼命还房贷，正因如此，她决定发布一则租房广告。advertise [sth], also US: advertize [sth] vtr (product: promote) (产品、商品)为...做广告宣传，为…打广告Companies often use celebrities to advertise their products.公司常常雇用名人来为他们的产品打广告。advertise [sth], also US: advertize [sth] vtr (fact: make known)宣传；公布Vera did not advertise the fact that she was ill, so her death came as a shock to everyone.薇拉没有公布过自己患病的消息，所以她的死让公众震惊不已。advertisement for [sth] n (promotion of [sth])为...做的广告Bob's first acting role was in an advertisement for jeans.鲍勃扮演的第一个角色是为牛仔裤打广告。advertisement of [sth] n (public indication of [sth])公开表明，等同于公开宣告The scandal served as an advertisement of the company's internal problems.这桩丑闻等于是向公众宣告该公司内部存在问题。advise [sb] on [sth] vtr + prep (counsel [sb] on [sth])就某事给某人提供建议He was hired to advise the Queen on matters of state.他被雇来就国事向女王谏言献策。advise [sb] to do [sth] v expr (counsel [sb] to do)建议某人做某事I advised him to eat before the flight.我建议他在上飞机前吃点东西。advise [sb] of [sth] vtr + prep formal (notify [sb] of [sth])告知某人某事；告诉某人某事；通知某人某事Newcastle Council have advised us of a series of road closures.纽卡斯尔市政厅已通知我们会有多条道路封路。advise against [sth] vi + prep (warn [sth] is unwise)忠告；建议（某人不要…）I'd advise against that course of action.advise against doing [sth] v expr (warn not to do [sth])告诫不要做...I'd advise against travelling alone in the desert.advise [sb] against [sth] vtr + prep (warn [sb] [sth] is unwise)建议某人不要做某事I'd advise you against that approach, which can be costly.advise [sb] against doing [sth] v expr (warn [sb] not to do [sth])告诫；警告I'd advise you against sailing today; the weather is turning nasty.advise [sb] on [sth] vtr + prep (warn about or recommend)就某事向某人提出建议Eddie advised us on the best restaurants to visit.advocate [sth] vtr (promote, recommend)主张；建议；建议He advocates a return to the old business model.他主张回到原有的业务模式。aerate [sth] vtr (expose to the air)使…暴露在空气中aerate [sth] vtr (supply with air or gas)使充满某种气体；充气affect [sb/sth] vtr (have an effect on)影响；起作用The government's plan will affect a lot of people.政府的计划将影响到很多人。affect [sth] vtr (pretend to have, feel)假装有，装出Pierre sometimes affects a southern accent.皮埃尔有时会假装自己带有南方口音。affiliate with [sth] vi + prep (associate yourself with [sth])使发生联系；使自己隶属于The lawyer wanted to affiliate with a foreign firm.；affiliate [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (associate, connect)使隶属于；使附属于The owner has been trying not to affiliate the company with any political parties.affiliated with [sth/sb] adj + prep (associated with)与…相关的The attack was carried out by an individual claiming to be affiliated with a known terrorist group.affirm [sth] vtr (state, assert)声称；声名In his speech, the CEO affirmed the company's commitment to diversity.在演讲中，首席执行官声称公司将致力于多元化发展。affirm [sth] vtr (law: uphold a judgment)维持原判The court of appeals affirmed the ruling.affix [sth] to [sth] vtr (stick, attach)把…粘到；贴上Remember to affix sufficient postage to your envelope.请谨记在信封上贴上足量的邮资。afflict [sb/sth] vtr (affect badly)折磨，使…痛苦，使…苦恼This disease afflicts more and more people every year.每年，这种病症让越来越多的人受苦。afford [sth] vtr (have money to buy)买得起备注: "Afford" in this sense usually follows a derivative of "can" or "be able to."We can't afford a large house.我们买不起大房子。afford to do [sth] v expr (have enough money)承担得起…的费用；买得起Now that I'm unemployed I can't afford to go on holiday.我失业了，承担不起度假的费用了。afford to do [sth] v expr figurative (be able to do)有余力做…备注: "Afford" in this sense usually follows a derivative of "can."The army cannot afford to fight on two fronts at once.部队无力同时两线作战。afford to do [sth] v expr figurative (risk)担负得起做某事带来的风险，经受得住做某事带来的后果备注: "Afford" in this sense usually follows a derivative of "can" or "be able to."He can't afford to let her speak badly of him.他担负不起任由她说自己坏话的后果。afford [sth] vtr (spare: time) (时间)抽得出备注: "Afford" in this sense usually follows a derivative of "can" or "be able to."Can you afford a few minutes to help me?你能抽出几分钟帮帮我吗？afford [sth] vtr formal (provide, give) (机会等)给予，提供This apartment affords a fine view of the city.从这间公寓能看到城市的美丽景色。afforest [sth] vtr (forest, plant trees in)在…植树造林affront to [sth/sb] n ([sth] that offends)冒犯Samantha took the remarks as an affront to her family.afire with [sth] adj + prep figurative (passionate, excited)对...非常热情；对...非常激动Susannah was afire with enthusiasm for her new job.afraid of [sth/sb] adj (scared of [sth], [sb])害怕…的；怕…的When I was younger I was afraid of spiders.我年轻时害怕蜘蛛。afraid of doing [sth] adj (scared to do [sth])害怕做某事的Joanne is afraid of trying new things in case she fails.乔安妮因为担心失败而不敢尝试新事物。afraid of doing [sth] adj (worried about [sth] happening)担心做某事的；害怕做某事的Sam was afraid of losing his job.山姆担心丢了自己的饭碗。afraid to do [sth] adj (hesitant)不敢做某事的；害怕做某事的I'm afraid to jump from the bridge into the river.我不敢从这座桥上往水里跳。be after [sth/sb] vi + prep informal (search for [sth], [sb])搜寻，寻找I'm after a new service provider; which one would you recommend?我现在正在寻找一个新的服务商，你推荐哪一家？be after doing [sth] v expr Ire (be about to do)刚要；打算做be after doing [sth] v expr Ire (have just done)刚做；正好做be against [sth/sb] vi + prep (oppose)反对；不赞同Many Americans are against the war.许多美国人反对打这场战争。age [sth] vtr (wine, whiskey: mature)使…发酵；酿熟The distillery ages its whiskey in oak casks.酿造厂在橡木桶内将威士忌酿熟。aged from [sth] to [sth], aged between [sth] and [sth] adj + prep (in a given age range)年龄范围This program is designed for young people aged from 18 to 25.agglutinate [sth] vtr (cause to stick together)使粘合agglutinate [sth] vtr (linguistics: join to form words)用粘着法构词aggrandize [sth], also UK: aggrandise [sth] vtr (exaggerate importance of [sth])夸大某事的重要性aggrandize [sth], also UK: aggrandise [sth] vtr (make larger)扩大；增大aggravate [sth] vtr (make worse)使恶化；使变得更糟Scratching the itch will only aggravate it.抓痒只会越抓越痒。aggregate [sth] vtr (bring together)集合；综合The psychologists have aggregated the collective wisdom of past scholars to develop a new theory.心理学家综合了过去学者们的集体智慧，提出了一种新理论。aggression on [sth/sb] n (attack, infringement)攻击；侵犯This recent violence against a minority is an aggression on our society as a whole.最近针对少数族裔的暴力事件是对对我们整个社会的一种侵犯。agitate [sth] vtr (shake: liquid, etc.)摇动；搅动The chemist agitated the solution and noted down what she observed.agitate for [sth] vi + prep (strive to make happen)煽动The political party is agitating for a change in leadership.agitate [sth] vtr (rouse public awareness of)鼓动, 煽动The protesters are trying to agitate the question of gender equality.抗议者不断尝试鼓动有关性别平等的问题。agonize over [sth], agonize about [sth], also UK: agonise over [sth], agonise about [sth] vi + prep (struggle with decision)为…而纠结痛苦I was very unsure about whether or not to give up my job and I agonised over the decision for weeks.agonize over doing [sth], also UK: agonise over doing [sth] v expr (struggle with decision)为…而挣扎；为…而困扰The tickets were expensive, so I agonized over going on the trip for months.agree with [sb] about [sth], agree with [sb] on [sth] v expr (have same opinion about)在某事方面同意某人的观点；赞同某人所做的某事We all agreed with Jack about the colour of the new chairs.我们一致赞同杰克为新椅子选的颜色。agree with [sth] vi + prep (grammar: have concordance) (语法)与…一致，与…相呼应In French, the adjective must agree with the noun.在法语里，形容词必须与名词一致。agree on [sth] vi + prep (decide mutually)在…问题上意见统一；就…达成一致Both sides agreed on a truce.交战双方都同意停战。agree upon [sth] vi + prep slightly formal (decide mutually)就…达成一致The two men agreed upon a price for the secondhand car.这两人就二手车的价格达成一致。agree to do [sth] v expr (consent)同意做…；对做…表示同意Olivia's parents agreed to let her go to the party.agreeable to [sth] adj + prep (person: willing)愿意…的；同意…的The police officers found the suspect agreeable to questioning.警方发现嫌疑人愿意接受审讯。agreeable to [sth] adj + prep ([sth]: suitable)适合…的；合适…的The doctor hired someone agreeable to the job of receptionist.医生雇用了一位适合接待员这份工作的人。ahead of [sth/sb] adj + prep (in front, before)在...前面The truck ahead of ours has a flat tire.There were fifteen people ahead of me in the queue.我们车前面的卡车轮胎瘪了。ahead of [sth] prep (prior to, earlier than) (事物)早于，在...之前Thank goodness we finished that project ahead of the deadline.谢天谢地，我们在截止日期前完成了那个项目。ahead, ahead of [sb/sth] prep (superior to)优于；比…好Jon is ahead of the other children in his reading ability. This car is far ahead of the others in overall handling and safety.乔恩的阅读能力优于其他小孩。在整体操作和安全性能方面，这辆车都远优于其他。aid [sb] in doing [sth] v expr (help)帮助某人做某事Rosa aided her brother in starting his business. Her parents' financial contribution aided Joy in buying the house.罗莎帮她弟弟创业。她父母的经济资助帮助乔伊买下那栋房子。aid and abet [sb/sth] v expr (be accomplice)同谋；伙同作案This type of crime will no longer be tolerated and those who aid and abet the perpetrators will face the full force of the law.我们不再容许这种类型的犯罪，任何伙同罪犯作案的人将面临法律的严厉惩罚。aim [sth] vtr (weapon: point)瞄准The soldier aimed his rifle and fired.战士用步枪瞄准开火。aim [sth] at [sth/sb] vtr + prep (try to hit)用...瞄准；使...对准Although he aimed the arrow at the bull's eye, he hit the outside ring every time.虽然他将箭头瞄准红心，却总是射到外环。aim at [sth/sb] vi + prep (try to hit)瞄准；对准Nathan was aiming at the target with his .40-caliber pistol.南森用.40口径的手枪瞄准目标。aim at [sth] vi + prep figurative (have as a goal)目标在于；目标是Jack's aiming at becoming the president of the company someday.杰克的目标是有朝一日成为这家公司的大老板。aim for [sth] vi + prep figurative (try to reach, achieve)力求；努力达到The students aim for high marks during examinations.考试期，学生们都力求高分。aim to do [sth] v expr figurative (intend, aspire)意图做，打算做，想要做When I play, I aim to win.我玩就是想要赢。aim [sth] at [sb/sth] vtr + prep figurative, often passive (have as intended audience)把…当作目标群体； (指针对某一受众)瞄准；以...为受众The movie is aimed at a younger audience.这部电影的目标群体是更年轻的观众。aim for [sth] vi + prep (try to hit: a target)瞄准Aim for the center of the target.air [sth] vtr (show, broadcast)播出All of the networks will air the debate.辩论会在所有频道中播送。air [sth] vtr figurative (express, vent)表达；发表The students went to the principal to air their grievances.学生们向校长表达了他们的不满。air [sth] vtr (room, space: ventilate)使（房间等）通风；给…透透气Let's open the windows to air the room.我们开下窗，让房间通通气。air-dry [sth] vtr (dry by contact with air)风干；自然干燥air-condition [sth] vtr (cool)用空调给…降温I wish they would air-condition this hot room.airbrush [sth] vtr (spray-paint: an object, etc.)用喷枪喷，喷涂Jess airbrushed the car with metallic paint.杰斯用金属感的喷漆喷涂汽车。airbrush [sth] vtr (spray-paint: a design)用喷枪设计；用喷枪打造Josh airbrushed flames all over his car.airbrush [sth/sb] vtr figurative (image: retouch to conceal flaws)润饰，润色Josh used an image editor to airbrush the model's features.airbrush [sth] vtr figurative (remove unsavory details from)用气笔修Hollywood movies tend to airbrush certain historical events.airbrush [sth/sb] out, airbrush out [sth/sb] vtr + adv (remove by spray-painting) (使用喷漆)修掉airbrush [sth/sb] out, airbrush out [sth/sb] vtr + adv figurative (remove from an image) (图片)从...抹去airbrush [sth/sb] out, airbrush out [sth/sb] vtr + adv figurative (conceal in an account or depiction)隐藏；遮盖airdrop [sth] vtr (provisions: drop from aircraft) (物资)空投An aid organisation airdropped food parcels for the displaced people.一家救援组织向无家可归的人们空投食物包。airlift [sb/sth] vtr (carry or rescue by aircraft)空运；空中救援A helicopter airlifted the injured mountain climber to hospital.直升机将受伤的登山者空运至医院。akin to [sth] adj + prep (like, similar to)类似Jamie's taste in music is akin to mine.杰米的音乐品味和我类似。akin to doing [sth] adj (comparable to doing [sth])与做...相似；就像…一样Wearing these new shoes is akin to walking on a cloud.穿这些新鞋就像在云上行走一样。alert [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (make aware)警告某人注意某事；提醒某人注意某事Milo's boss alerted him to the change in policy.米洛的老板提醒他注意政策变化。alias [sth] vtr usually passive (electronics: cause to be conflated) (信号)混叠；重叠alien to [sb/sth] adj + prep (strange, unfamiliar)陌生的These ideas are alien to our way of thinking.这些理念对我们的思维方式来说很陌生。align [sth] vtr (make level)对齐；使…排列整齐The carpenter aligned the two beams.木匠把两根梁对齐。align [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (make level with)把...与...对齐；使...与...在一条直线上Craig aligned the banister with the adjacent kitchen counter.克雷格把扶手与相邻的厨房柜台对齐了。align [sb] with [sb/sth] vtr figurative (ally)使…与...联盟；与...联合The sudden betrayal aligned Samantha with her former enemy.由于突然遭到背叛，萨曼莎与她以前的敌人联合了起来。align yourself with [sb/sth] v expr figurative (agree with)公开支持；公开赞同By agreeing with the decision to move forward with the plans, I unknowingly aligned myself with Anthony.我同意了推进计划的决定，这使我在无意中公开支持了安东尼。align with [sth] vi + prep (be level with)与...在一条直线上；跟...对齐The bookshelf aligns perfectly with the mantel.书架和壁炉架完全在一条直线上。align with [sth] vi + prep figurative (conform)与...一致；与...相符Crosby's behavior aligns with the culture of the group.克劳斯比的行为与社群的文化相一致。align [sth] vtr (bring into balance)调整；校正The new mechanic aligns wheels for free.alkalize [sth], also UK: alkalise [sth] vtr (chemistry: make alkaline) (化学)使碱化all around [sth/sb] (US), all round [sth/sb] (UK) prep (surrounding)周围；四周David looked all around him, but Eleanor was nowhere to be seen.大卫环顾四周都未看到埃莉诺。all set for [sth] adj (ready, prepared)为…准备好；准备就绪Are you all set for opening night?allay [sth] vtr (emotion: calm, ease) (情绪)缓和，放松What can we tell them to allay their fears about the operation?我们能说什么来减轻他们对手术的害怕？allay [sth] vtr (pain: relieve) (病痛)减轻，缓和The medication should allay your pain for eight hours or so.这药应可以让你的疼痛减轻八小时左右。allege [sth] vtr (assert as true)宣称；据称The newspaper alleged that the couple were living apart.It has been alleged that the attackers were part of a terrorist network.报纸宣称，那对夫妻现在分居中。// 据称，袭击者属于一个恐怖分子网络。allegorize [sth], also UK: allegorise [sth] vtr (interpret [sth] as allegory)寓言化；用寓言来诠释allegory of [sth] n (symbolic representation)象征Marianne is a French national symbol; she is an allegory of freedom and justice.玛丽安娜是法国的国家标志，象征着自由和公正。allergic to [sth] adj + prep (person: having an allergy)对...过敏He is allergic to strawberries.allergic to [sth] adj + prep figurative (person: showing disinclination)对...反感Scott is allergic to work; the moment any effort is required, he disappears.alleviate [sth] vtr (pain, suffering) (痛苦)减轻；缓解Aspirin is proven to alleviate mild headaches for most people.阿司匹林已证实可以减轻大多数人的头痛症状。alleviate [sth] vtr (relieve)减轻；缓和Katya's new secretary alleviated much of her heavy work load.卡佳的新秘书很大程度上减轻了她沉重的工作负担。allocate [sth] vtr (distribute, share)分派；分配We are waiting for the finance department to confirm how it will allocate funding.我们正在等待财务部确认资金的分配方法。allocated [sb] [sth] vtr (distribute to, share among)给...发放；将..分配给；向...发派The teacher allocates each student an exercise book.老师给每位学生都发了一本练习本。allocate [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (distribute to, share among)为...分配；为...调拨The government allocates resources to those who prove they are in need.政府会被那些能证明自己有需要的人发放资源。allocate [sth/sb] vtr (assign, provide)指定；指派；提供The government will allocate 10,000 troops to the war-torn country.政府将指派10,000名军人奔赴那个战火纷飞的国家。allocate [sth] to [sth/sb] vtr + prep (devote: funds to [sth])把...拨给；把...划给The committee will allocate funds to the charity project.委员会将把资金拨给慈善项目。allot [sth] vtr (assign, allocate) (任务等)分派；划拨；拨给Let's allot 30 hours for this project.让我们分配30个小时给这个项目。allot [sth] vtr (distribute, share out) (按份额)分发，分配，配给The committee will decide how to allot the prize money among all the winners.委员会将决定如何在获奖人间分配奖金。allow [sb], allow [sb] to do [sth] vtr (let: [sb])同意；允许；许可Will your parents allow you to go to the dance?你爸妈让你去舞会吗？allow [sth] vtr (permit: [sth])允许；准许Smoking is allowed, but only on the balcony.可以抽烟，不过只能在阳台上。allow [sth] vtr (set aside)预留…You should allow two hours for travel to the airport.你得为去机场预留两个小时的时间。allow for [sth] vi + prep (make provision)考虑到；留余地We must make room to allow for expansion.我们必须为扩建预留空间。allow [sth] vtr (grant)允许；授予；同意The judge may allow leave to appeal the sentence.allow [sb] [sth] vtr (let have)允许给予；让…得到You may be allowed travelling expenses.allow [sth], allow [sth] to do [sth] vtr (enable by neglect) (因疏忽)任凭；听任By not applying the handbrake, he allowed the car to roll down the hill.allow [sb/sth] to do [sth] v expr (make possible to do)使…能够做The new tramline will allow residents of this neighbourhood to reach the city centre in just ten minutes.新铺设的电车轨道将使这个社区的住户能够在十分钟内到达市中心。allow me to do [sth] interj (offer)允许我Miss, allow me to open the door.allow yourself [sth] vtr + refl (indulgence)放纵Even while dieting, I allow myself the occasional dessert.allow yourself [sth] vtr + refl (enough time) (充足时间)给自己Please allow yourself 15 minutes to complete the second part of the test.alloy [sth] with [sth] vtr (mix metal with [sth])将...与...合铸The scientist alloyed tin with copper to make bronze.这个科学家将锡与铜合铸制成青铜。ally with [sb/sth] vi + prep (join)结盟Brenda reluctantly allied with her former enemy to solve the problem.布兰达不得不和之前的敌人结盟来解决这个问题。ally [sth/sb], ally [sth/sb] and [sth/sb] vtr (join together)使联盟；使联合The continuing crisis allied the two nations and strengthened their relationship.持续危机让两国联合起来，加强了彼此的合作关系。ally [sth/sb] with [sth/sb] vtr + prep (join together)把...和...联合在一起；把...和...联结在一起The army's approach to combat allied military strength and cunning.这只军队进攻的方式就是把军事力量和狡诈联合在一起。alongside [sb/sth] prep figurative (work, etc.: in cooperation with) (工作、合作等)和...并肩Skylar is lucky to be able to work alongside his father.斯凯拉很幸运能够和他的父亲并肩工作。alongside [sb/sth] prep figurative (at the same time as)与...同时；和…一起Katie is going to go alongside Nora.凯蒂要和诺拉一起去。alongside of [sb/sth] prep US, informal (beside, alongside)在…旁边'Come sit alongside of me,' said Minnie to the new boy.“来，坐到我旁边。”米妮对新来的男孩说。alphabetize [sth], also UK: alphabetise vtr (arrange in alphabetical order)按照字母顺序排列alter [sth] vtr (modify)改变；改动The bride would like to alter the seating arrangements.新娘想要改变座位安排。alter [sth] vtr (clothing: adjust to fit) (衣服)改；改...的尺寸（或款式）Jane altered the hem of her skirt so it would not drag on the ground.简改了裙子下摆的尺寸，以免拖到地上。alter [sth] vtr US, AU (animal: neuter)阉割Allison's pet cat was altered at that animal clinic.艾莉森的宠物猫在动物诊所进行了阉割。alternate between [sth] and [sth] vi + prep (switch between options)时而...时而...；在...和...中交替进行In some spas, people alternate between hot and cold baths.alternate with [sb/sth] vi + prep (take turns with [sb])与...轮班；与...交替做Shannon alternated with Joan as pitcher in the big game.alternate [sth] and [sth] vtr (cause to change by turns)轮流；使交替In this part of the song, we will alternate playing loudly and and playing softly.我们将刚柔交替地演奏歌曲的这个部分。alternate [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (cause to change by turns)用...交替..；使…与…更迭I stay interested in exercising by alternating running with swimming.alternative to [sth] n (only other choice)唯一的替代方案；唯一的其他选择In this case, the alternative to fighting is dying.在这种情况下，除了战斗，唯一的选择就是牺牲了。amalgamate [sth], amalgamate [sth] and [sth] vtr (blend, mix)将…混合在一起Brass is obtained by amalgamating copper and zinc.amalgamate [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (blend [sth] with [sth])将…与…混合到一起The scientists amalgamated the metal with mercury.amalgamate [sth], amalgamate [sth] and [sth] vtr (combine) (组织、机构)使…合并We workers will have greater power if we amalgamate our two main unions.amalgamate [sth], amalgamate [sth] and [sth] vtr (business, etc.: merge)合并amass [sth] vtr (collect, gather)积累；积聚The businessman amassed great wealth by investing in rental property.那位商人通过投资租赁房产，积累了巨额财富。ambush [sb/sth] vtr (launch a surprise attack)埋伏；伏击The jaguar ambushed the sleeping hunter.那只豹子伏击了睡梦中的猎人。ameliorate [sth] vtr formal (make better)改进；改善The ambassador's intervention may just ameliorate the situation.大使的介入有可能改善当前状况。ameliorate [sth] vtr nonstandard (alleviate: pain, etc.)减轻, 缓解备注: Ameliorate ('to improve/make better') is sometimes used where alleviate ('to make easier to bear') would be more appropriate.The doctor prescribed a medication to help ameliorate the pain in Ryan's leg.amenability (to (doing) [sth]) n (willingness)服从amenable to doing [sth] expr (willing to do)乐意做某事的；愿意做某事的Ben is amenable to changing the date of the party.本很乐意改变聚会的日期。amenable to [sth] adj + prep (open to)乐意的；愿意的My boss is always amenable to my suggestions.老板总是很乐意听取我的建议。amenable to [sth] adj + prep (liable to be called to account)有义务服从…的；有责任遵守…的All of the residents of the state are amenable to its laws.该州所有居民都义务服从州立法律。amend [sth] vtr (correct, modify)修改，修订The official amended the policy to include the new residents.该官员修改了政策，将新居民包含在内。Americanize [sb/sth], also UK: Americanise [sb/sth] vtr (make American in character)使美国化amortize [sth], also UK: amortise [sth] vtr (pay off debt over time)对…进行分期付款The mortgage is amortized over 30 years.amortize [sth], also UK: amortise [sth] vtr (reduce cost, value over time)摊销You can get a tax deduction if you amortize your equipment.amount to [sth] vi + prep (total)合计，总计The bill might amount to more than you can afford.总账单可能会高到你负担不起的程度。amount to [sth] vi + prep figurative (be the same as)等于；相当于Slander or libel, it amounts to the same thing.不论是口头的还是书面的诽谤，都是一回事。amount to [sth] vi + prep figurative (become)成就，达到…的价值He was told he would never amount to much.他被告知自己永远也不会有什么出息。amplify [sth] vtr (make louder) (声音)放大, 扩大The megaphone amplified the mayor's voice so that everyone could hear him.扩音器放大了市长的声音，这样每个人都能听到他的声音。amplify [sth] vtr (intensify)增强Luke's arrival amplified the tension at the party.amputate [sth] vtr (sever surgically) (外科手术)截断，切断The doctors were unable to save the patient's leg and were forced to amputate it.医生无法保全病人的腿，不得不进行截肢。an analog of [sth], an analog to [sth] (US), an analogue of [sth], an analogue to [sth] (UK) n ([sth] comparable)与…类似之物，与…相似之物；与…类似的情况analogize [sth] to [sth], also UK: analogise [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (compare)将…与…进行类比analogous to [sth], analogous with [sth] adj + prep (comparable to [sth])可比拟的analogous to [sth] adj + prep (next to another color on color wheel) (颜色)相邻的Yellow is analogous to yellow-orange on the color wheel.analyze [sth] (US), analyse [sth] (UK) vtr (study closely)细察；细查；仔细研究The students have to analyse a passage from Shakespeare for their exam.学生们必须在考试中仔细研究莎士比亚的一段话。analyze [sth] (US), analyse [sth] (UK) vtr (investigate)分析Investigators tried to analyze the cause of the accident.调查人员试图分析事故的原因。anatomize [sth], also UK: anatomise [sth] vtr (deconstruct, analyse)剖析；分析anchor [sth] vtr (boat: moor)抛锚停泊（船）；使（船）停泊The captain anchored the boat near shore.anchor [sth] vtr (fix [sth] in ground)使稳固；将…固定住The campers hurriedly anchored the corners of the tent as the storm approached.随着暴风雨的迫近，露营者匆忙地固定好帐篷的四角。anchor [sth] vtr mainly US (host a news programme) (新闻报道)主持 ， 新闻主播Della is anchoring the evening news now on that station.anchor [sth] vtr figurative (make steady, secure)使…固定；使...稳当The crew anchored the beam in place with brackets and heavy-duty bolts.anchor [sth] vtr (provide solid basis for)成为支柱；支持be anchored in [sth] v expr figurative (have a strong link to)扎根于；立足于ancillary to [sth] adj + prep (supplemental to [sth])从属于...的；附属于...的Classroom assistants are ancillary to the teaching staff.助教从属于教职员工。ancillary to [sth] adj + prep (subordinate to [sth])隶属于…的；是...的下属These services are ancillary to the company's main business.这些服务是隶属于公司主营业务的。and a half, a [sth] and a half n informal (extreme example)不得了的事；了不起的东西You have to do all of that by Sunday? That's a task and a half!anesthetize [sth] (US), anaesthetize [sth], anaesthetise [sth] (UK) vtr (body part: make numb) (身体局部)使...麻醉This injection will anaesthetize the area around the tooth.angle [sth] vtr (bend)转变角度；弯折Please angle the pipe cleaner to shape it like a triangle.请弯折洗管器，使其呈三角形。anglicize [sth], Anglicize, also UK: anglicise [sth], Anglicise [sth] vtr (make English)使英国化；使英语化angry about [sth], angry at [sth] adj + prep (cross about [sth])因为…生气，因为…感到愤怒He was angry about his son's failure.他因为儿子的失败而生气。angry with [sb] for doing [sth], angry at [sb] for doing [sth] expr (cross with [sb])为某事生某人气I am angry with my sister for taking my book.妹妹拿了我的书，我很生气。anguish over [sth] vi + prep (worry)感到痛苦；极度忧虑Christine anguished over the low grade she received on her math exam.克里斯丁数学考试得了低分，她感到非常痛苦。animadvert on [sth/sb] vi + prep formal (criticize)批评；指摘The author animadverted on his rival's work.animate [sth] vtr (make: cartoon) (动画、卡通等)制作；绘制At work today I animated the flapping motions of flying birds for our new video game.今天工作中，我为我们新电子游戏制作了飞鸟的振翅动画。animate [sth] vtr (enliven)使...有活力；使...活泼The announcement animated the entire gathering and everyone began to cheer.这则通知振奋了所有集会人员，每个人都开始欢呼。animate [sth/sb] vtr (motivate)激励；鼓舞Richard tried to animate his friends to go out and do something with him.理查德尝试鼓动他的朋友跟他一起出门去做一些事。animate [sb/sth] vtr (bring to life)赋予...生命；使...有生命Frankenstein is a story about a scientist who builds a man and animates him using electricity.《科学怪人》是讲述一位科学家制造出一个人并利用电能赋予其生命的故事。anneal [sth] vtr (glass, metal: heating process) (金属、玻璃)给…退火anneal [sth] vtr (biochemistry: recombine DNA strands) (基因)黏合annex [sth] vtr (incorporate: territory) (领土)兼并 ， 吞并At the end of World War II, the Dutch planned to annex parts of Germany.第二次世界大战结束后，荷兰计划吞并部分德国。annex [sth] vtr (attach to [sth] larger)将…并入；吞并The boutique owner decided to expand the business and annexed the empty store space next door.annihilate [sth] vtr (destroy completely)彻底消灭；完全歼灭An overnight bombing attack annihilated the city.一整晚的轰炸摧毁了这座城市。annihilate [sb/sth] vtr figurative, informal, often passive (sport, etc.: defeat) (用于运动、游戏等)击败，打败The other team annihilated us 5-0.另一队以5比0击败了我们。annotate [sth] vtr (write comments on)给…做注；为…写注解announce [sth] vtr (tell, make public)公开宣布；公布Rebecca couldn't wait to announce her engagement to James.丽贝卡迫不及待地要公布她与詹姆斯订婚的消息。announce [sth] vtr (declare winners, names)宣布；公布（优胜者等）The MC will announce the winners of the raffle at 11:00.主持人将在11:00时宣布彩票获奖者。announce [sth] vtr figurative (herald, indicate [sth])预示；预告Crocuses announce the arrival of spring.番红花开了，说明春天到了。be annoyed at [sb/sth], be annoyed with [sb/sth] adj + prep (irritated, angry)对...感到恼怒，对...感到气恼I'm annoyed at my brother for leaving the room in such a mess.弟弟把房间搞得一团糟，让我大为光火。annualize [sth], also UK: annualise [sth] vtr (convert to yearly rate) (收益等)年化annul [sth] vtr (invalidate, make void)宣告…无效；废除，废止anodize [sth], also UK: anodise [sth] vtr (metal: coat with oxide)对…作阳极氧化处理anoint [sth/sb] vtr (apply ointment to)涂膏于The doctor anointed the suture with an antibiotic ointment.医生在缝合处涂上了抗菌药膏。anoint [sb/sth] vtr (apply oil to)涂油于；搽油于The priest anointed the man's forehead.牧师在那个男人前额涂了油。anonymize [sth], also UK: anonymise [sth] vtr (remove identifying details)对…进行匿名化处理；answer [sth] vtr (respond to a question)答复，回答，答复The teacher tried to answer all of his students' questions.老师设法回答学生的所有问题。answer [sth] vtr (solve [sth])解答…；解决…The students worked hard to answer all of the maths problems.学生们很努力地解答所有数学题。answer [sb/sth] vtr (reply, respond)回答；回应Kate answered Ben with a nod of her head.凯特点点头，算是回答本。answer [sth] vtr (respond in writing) (信件等)回复I hope Robert answers my letter.我希望罗伯特能回复我的信。answer [sth] vtr figurative (satisfy a need) (需求)满足Our service answers a need for quality at-home care.我们的服务能满足高质量家庭护理的需求。answer [sth] vtr (phone: respond)接（电话）Why isn't she answering her phone?她为什么不接她的电话？answer [sth] vtr (door, doorbell, knock: respond) (敲门)应答Even though it was midday, Eugene was still in his pyjamas when he answered the door.尽管都中午了，尤金应门的时候还穿着睡衣。answer to [sth] vi + prep (respond to a name)以...回答His name is Timothy but he answers to Timmy.answer to [sth] vi + prep (try to satisfy a need)满足For many teenagers, the youth club answers to a need for a feeling of community.answerable for [sth] adj + prep (accountable for [sth])有责任的；应负责任的Is the government answerable for this economic crisis?政府应对这次经济危机负责吗？antedate [sth] vtr (predate, precede) (日期)先于；早于The excavation has unearthed remains thought to antedate the Roman period.挖掘出土了被认为是早于罗马时期的遗迹。anthologize [sth], also UK: anthologise [sth] vtr (collect in an anthology)编撰…的选集anthropomorphize [sth], also UK: anthropomorphise [sth] vtr (animal, etc.: see as human)把…拟人化anticipate [sth] vtr (expect)预期；预料；预计会有The police anticipate trouble at the protest march.警方预计抗议游行会有麻烦。anticipate [sth] to do [sth] v expr (expect)预期；预料；预计The doctor anticipated the results of the blood work to arrive on Tuesday, but they were delayed.医生预计血液检查的结果将在周二拿到，但最后却推迟了。anticipate doing [sth] v expr (expect to do)期望做某事，盼望做某事；预料做某事，预期做某事I never anticipated retiring at age 59.我从未盼望59岁退休。anticipate [sth] vtr (act to pre-empt)预计到，料到；提前做，提前采取行动The chess master anticipated his opponent's next move and swiftly blocked it.国际象棋大师料到了他的对手的下一步棋，并迅速把它截了下来。anticipate [sth] vtr (do [sth] before requested or ordered)赶在...前面行动The capable assistant anticipated the printer running out of paper, and restocked it ahead of time.antidote to [sth] n figurative (remedy, cure)补救方式，矫正方法The boys' mother suggested they go for a walk as an antidote to the hours they had spent playing computer games.那些孩子的母亲建议他们出门走走，作为玩游戏几小时后的调节方式。antidote [sth] vtr (poison: counteract)对治；解毒antiquate [sth] vtr (make out of date)废弃；弃用antithesis, the antithesis of [sth] n (exact opposite)对立；对立面The antithesis of beauty is ugliness.美丽的反面是丑陋。antonym, antonym of [sth], antonym for [sth] n (word with opposite meaning)反义词The antonym of "severe" is "moderate." Can you think of an antonym for "reverential"?“剧烈”的反义词是“温和”。那你想下“恭敬”的反义词是什么？be anxious about [sth] v expr (be nervous about [sth])对…焦虑Claire is anxious about her appointment with the dentist tomorrow.克莱尔对明天跟牙医的预约感到焦虑。be anxious to do [sth] v expr (be eager)渴望做某事，急迫地想做某事The avid fans were anxious to meet their favorite author.狂热的粉丝们急迫地想见到他们最喜欢的作家。apathetic towards [sth], apathetic about [sth] adj + prep (indifferent about)对...冷漠的The receptionist seemed apathetic about her job and barely smiled at us.ape [sb/sth] vtr (mimic)模仿Billy disrespectfully aped his teacher in front of his classmates.比利当着全班的面模仿他的老师，毫无尊重可言。apocopate [sth] vtr (omit final sound)省略...的尾音apologist, apologist for [sth/sb] n (person who publicly defends [sth])辩护者；辩解者apologize for [sth], also UK: apologise for [sth] vi + prep (say sorry for [sth])因为…道歉；为了…说对不起Mark apologized for the delay in replying to my email.马克因为推迟回复我的邮件而道歉。apologise to [sb] for [sth], also UK: apologise to [sb] for [sth] v expr (say sorry to [sb] for [sth])为了某事向某人道歉You ought to apologize to Stephen for the way you treated him yesterday.你应该为自己昨天对待史蒂夫的方式向他道歉。apologise to [sb] for doing [sth], also UK: apologise to [sb] for doing [sth] v expr (say sorry to [sb] for doing [sth])因为做…向…道歉Jane apologized to me for calling me a liar.简因为叫我谎话精而向我道歉。an apology for [sth] n (poor example)勉强的代用品；聊以充数之物Frankly, this place is an apology for a hotel.老实说，这不是酒店，只算是勉强的代用品罢了。apology for [sth/sb] n formal (apologia: defence of [sth], [sb])为...所做的辩护The biography reads as an apology for its subject's crimes.这本传记读起来像是在为主人公所犯下的罪行辩护一样。apostrophize [sb/sth], also UK: apostrophise [sb/sth] vtr formal (address by apostrophe)向…诵诗；向...述说appeal for [sth] vi + prep (ask for help)恳求；求助She appealed for his help.她恳求他的帮助。appeal to [sb] for [sth] v expr (ask for help)为某事向某人求助The state governors appealed to the President for help in stopping the riots.为平息暴乱，州政府向总统寻求帮助。appeal to [sb] to do [sth] v expr (ask)呼吁某人做某事；请求某人做某事The Senator appealed to his fellow legislators to vote for more aid to the poor.参议员呼吁其他议员投票，同意为穷人提供更多帮助。appeal [sth] vtr (law: request review of) (法律)就...提起上诉，就...提起申诉The murderer appealed his forty-year sentence.凶手被判刑四十年，就此提出上诉。appear to be [sth] v expr (seem, look)看起来像；似乎；表面上看Ken appears to be very dedicated to his family.肯似乎对家庭很有奉献精神。appear to do [sth] v expr (seem to do)看起来像；似乎Jenny appears to know what she's doing.珍妮似乎知道她在做什么。appear to be doing [sth] v expr ([sth]: seem)看起来正在The rain appears to be easing off.雨看起来要停了。appear to have done [sth] v expr (person: seem) (人)看起来已经I appear to have lost my umbrella.看起来我是把伞搞丢了。appear in [sth] vi + prep (play a role, perform) (电影、电视)在…里扮演角色，在…里参与演出，在…上公开露面He has appeared in several television shows.他曾在几个电视节目中露面。appear in [sth] vi + prep (be published)发表于，在…上发表The picture appeared in many newspapers.这幅照片发表在很多份报纸上。appease [sth] vtr (avoid conflict)平息；使和缓The government sent an envoy in an effort to appease tensions.appease [sth] vtr (hunger, etc.: satisfy)解（饿）；充（饥）；填（饱）Samantha munched on some fresh peaches to appease her hunger.append [sth] vtr (attach)增补Once she had appended the skirt, the dress was finished.当她加上裙摆后，裙子就完成了。append [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (attach to [sth] else)附加The attorney appended two additional exhibits to the pleadings.律师在诉状中又附加了两份证据。appertain to [sth] vi + prep (relate, belong)和…有关；属于appetite for [sth] n figurative (desire) (对其它东西的)欲望 ， 胃口Frank has an appetite for luxury cars and stereo equipment.弗兰克向往高档车和立体声设备。applaud [sth/sb] vtr (clap in approval of)为…鼓掌，替…鼓掌；为…喝彩，向…叫好The enthusiastic audience applauded each contestant.热情的观众为每一位参赛者鼓掌。applaud [sth/sb] vtr figurative (show approval of)赞成，赞同，赞许；支持，拥护We applaud the council's decision to revoke their alcohol license.我们赞同委员会撤销他们酒类许可的决定。appliance [sth] vtr usually passive (equip with devices)给…配备装置The kitchen is applianced with an electric cooker and refrigerator.厨房装配了电炉和冰箱。applicable to [sth/sb] adj + prep (relevant)可应用的, 适用的The requirements are applicable to everyone, no matter their age or sex.不管年龄或性别，本规定适用于所有人。applique [sth], appliqué [sth] vtr from French (sew decorative patches to [sth])在衣服上缝上贴花Mark has appliqued his jacket with patches from every country that he has visited.马克将他到过的每个国家的图案贴花都缝在他的夹克上。applique [sth] on [sth], applique [sth] to [sth], appliqué [sth] on [sth], appliqué [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep from French (decorative patch: sew on to [sth])缝饰apply [sth] vtr (spread [sth] on)涂抹；涂擦Please apply sunscreen before going outside.请在出门前涂抹防晒霜。apply [sth] to [sth/sb] vtr (spread [sth] on [sth/sb])将...涂抹在...上；往...上搽...Apply the moisturizer liberally to your face and neck.请将保湿液大量地涂抹在你的面部和颈部。apply [sth] vtr (use, employ [sth])运用；应用Audrey is applying the same method as last time.We need to apply a little common sense here.奥德莉使用的方法和上次一样。我们要运用常识。apply [sth] to [sth] vtr (put [sth] to use)将…运用到；将…应用于She was able to apply her skills to the new project.她能够将她的技术运用到这个新项目上。apply [sth] vtr (impose: a law)实施（法律）A judge's job is to apply the law, not to make new laws.一名法官的工作是实施法律，而非设立新的法律。apply to [sb/sth] vi + prep (be relevant to [sb], [sth])适用于；适合The guidelines do not apply to this case.这个指导方针并不适用于这个案子。apply to [sth] vi + prep (send a request)申请Cathy applied to three universities but none of them accepted her.凯茜申请了三所大学，不过没有一所录取她。apply [sth] to [sth] vtr (put to use)把…运用在；把…应用于Gordon applied his mechanical skills to building and flying aircraft.戈登将自己的机械技艺运用在飞机的制造与驾驶上。apply to [sth] vi + prep (submit job application)求职；向…申请工作My brother applied to Microsoft and they offered him a job.我哥哥向微软申请工作，然后成功了。apply for [sth] vi + prep (request formally)申请Thomas applied for a credit card.托马斯申请了一张信用卡。apply pressure to [sth] vtr + n (press firmly on [sth])按压...Applying pressure to the cut will stop the bleeding.apply yourself to [sth] vtr + refl (make an effort, work hard)全力以赴；专心致志I am really going to apply myself to my studies.appoint [sb] as [sth] vtr + prep (give a role, job)任命…为；指派…担任The board of directors appointed Mark as head of the party-planning committee.董事会任命马克为党委计划委员会主任。appoint [sb] [sth] vtr (give a role, job)任命...为；指派...担任The President has appointed Jim his chief of staff.总统已任命吉姆为他的幕僚长。appoint [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (give a role, job)任命...为；将...委任给The Queen appoints members to the House of Lords.女皇将各成员任命为上议院议员。appoint [sth] vtr (fix a time, date) (时间、日期)选定，确定，约定，指定Jenny appointed a time and date for the big meeting.珍妮为大型会议选定了一个时间和日期。apportion [sth] vtr (distribute)分摊；分配We are going to apportion the money from the award among all of the team members.apportion [sth] vtr (responsibility, etc.: assign)分配It is down to the court to apportion responsibility for the factory worker's death.apportion [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (responsibility, etc.: assign to)分派The president apportioned the open cabinet seats to his closest colleagues.appose [sth] vtr (put next to)放在…附近，置于…旁边appraise [sth] vtr (judge)评价；评判The celebrity judge appraised the evening's dance performances.那位明星评委评价了当晚的舞蹈演出。appraise [sth] vtr (house, object: value)估价The Andersons' house was appraised at well below market value.安德森家的房子估价比市值低很多。appreciate [sth] vtr (be grateful for)感激；感谢I really appreciate all the help you've given me.我真心感谢您给我的所有帮助。appreciate [sth] vtr (understand)理解…；体会…；领会…I hope that you can appreciate my point of view.我希望你能够理解我的看法。appreciate [sth] vtr (acknowledge)认可；承认I appreciate all the work you have put in, but now I need to take over.appreciative of [sth] adj (person: grateful)感激的；感谢的We're appreciative of all the help you've given us.我们对所有你提供给我们的帮助表示感谢。apprehend [sth] vtr (understand)理解；领悟There is so much about space that we cannot yet apprehend.关于太空，我们还有许多未解的领域。be apprehensive about [sth] adj + prep (be nervous about [sth])对…忧虑；对…担心I'm apprehensive about moving to Japan; I have never lived abroad before.我对移居日本感到担心; 我以前从未在国外生活过。apprentice [sb] to [sth/sb] vtr + prep (place with employer)让...当学徒Several boys in the family were apprenticed to the factory.家里让几个儿子都去工厂当学徒。apprise [sb] of [sth], apprize [sb] of [sth] vtr + prep formal (notify [sb])通知；告知apprize [sth], also UK: apprise [sth] vtr archaic (estimate value of)给…估价approach [sb/sth] vtr (move closer physically) (空间)移近，接近，靠近The boxer approached his opponent carefully.拳击手小心地接近对手。approach [sth] vtr figurative (move closer in time) (时间上)接近，靠近As we approach the end of the school year, I hope you'll remember to stay focused on academics.随着学年的尾声接近，我希望你们能别忘了，要把主要的心思放在学业上。approach [sth] vtr figurative (tackle)处理…；解决…Einstein approached problems in a unique way.爱因斯坦以独特的方式来处理问题。approach [sth] vtr figurative (be similar)近似于…，类似于…，有点像…He spoke in a manner that was approaching sarcasm.他说话的口吻有点像嘲讽。appropriate for [sth] adj + prep (suited, right)适合…的The treatment is appropriate for all types of hair loss.该治疗方式适合所有类型的脱发。appropriate to [sth] adj + prep (befitting)与…相一致的；和…相称的The General reacted as is appropriate to a man of his rank.这名将军的反应与他自己的军衔相称。appropriate [sth] vtr (seize)没收The government will appropriate the property of people who do not pay taxes.不交税者政府会没收其财产。appropriate [sth] vtr (funds: assign)拨出（资金），拨（款）Our school should appropriate funds to buy new computers.我们学校应该拨款购买新电脑。appropriate [sth] vtr (funds, money: embezzle)挪用；侵吞The treasurer was appropriating the club's funds for his own use.此财务主管不断地将俱乐部的资金挪作私用。；approve of [sth/sb] vi + prep (consider good, acceptable)满意；喜欢Her parents did not approve of her new boyfriend.她的父母不喜欢她的新男友。approve [sth] vtr (consent, agree to)赞成；赞同Leslie will never approve the idea of smoking inside restaurants.莱斯利绝不会赞成在餐厅内吸烟的主意。approve [sth] vtr (ratify)批准；通过The Senate quickly approved the bill.参议院很快批准了立法提案。approve [sth] vtr (say yes to)同意Although it took a long time, the committee ultimately approved Jessica's grant proposal.尽管历时很久，但是委员会最终同意了杰西卡的拨款提案。approving of [sth] adj + prep (person: who approves) (人)赞许的，同意的备注: Often used in negative sentences.My parents haven't always been approving of my relationships.我的父母一直不同意我谈恋爱。approximate [sth] vtr (be similar to)近似This sauce approximates the one we had last summer in Italy.这酱汁近似我们去年夏季在意大利吃的那个。apropros [sth], apropos of [sth] prep formal (with regard to)关于Apropos your visit, do you know when you will be arriving?关于拜访，你什么时候会到？arbitrate [sth] vtr (mediate in)对…进行裁判；仲裁arch over [sth] vi + prep (form an arc over)在…上方形成弓形，在…上方形成拱形Stately elm trees arched over the boulevard.宏伟高大的榆木树在林荫大道上方形成拱形。architect, architect of [sth] n figurative (person responsible for [sth]) (计划方案等)设计师；缔造者；罪魁祸首The overly ambitious Macbeth was the architect of his own downfall.野心过于庞大的麦克白正是自己败落的罪魁祸首。architect [sth] vtr (design)设计John architects software systems.约翰设计了软件系统。archive [sth] vtr (store)存档；归档After one year, the paper records are archived for safekeeping.文件将在一年后归档，妥善保管。archive [sth] vtr (computing: store, save) (计算机)存储，保存You should archive your hard drive once a month.你应该每个月存储一次硬盘资料。argue about [sth], argue about [sth] with [sb] vi + prep (disagree)因某事与某人争吵My friend always argues about money with her husband.我朋友总是因钱的事和她丈夫争吵。argue for [sth] vi + prep (give reasons in favour)陈述理由；辩解The school principal argued for more teachers at the last board meeting.校长在上次董事会上陈述了增加老师数量的理由。argue [sth] vtr (with direct speech: assert)坚称；主张"That's simply not true," she argued.“那根本不是真的，”她坚称。argue [sth] vtr (case, point of view: put forward)为…辩护；论证The defendant hired a lawyer to argue his case before the court. Nancy likes to argue her point of view.被告雇佣了一名律师，在法庭上为自己的案子辩护。南希喜欢论证自己的观点。arise from [sth], arise out of [sth] vi + prep (result)从…产生；起因于；由...造成Several complications arose from the surgery.这场手术造成了多种并发症。arm [sb] with [sth] vtr (equip with weapons)用…武装…The suspect was armed with several firearms.嫌犯持有几支枪。be armed to the teeth with [sth] v expr figurative (be equipped with [sth])用...全副武装armor [sth] (US), armour [sth] (UK) vtr (cover with armor)用...装甲aromatize [sth], also UK: aromatise [sth] vtr (give a pleasant smell)使…变芳香aromatize [sth], also UK: aromatise [sth] vtr (chemistry: turn into aromatic compound) (化学)使芳构化arouse [sth] vtr (senses, emotions)激起；唤起The touching scene in the movie aroused Dave's emotions, and tears came to his eyes.电影里那一幕感人的场景激起了大卫的感情，让他热泪盈眶。arpeggiate [sth] vtr (chord: play notes individually)用琶音演奏arrange [sth] vtr (put in order)整理；排列He arranged the books in alphabetical order.他按字母顺序把书整理好。arrange [sth] vtr (plan)安排，筹备We are arranging a company barbecue for the springtime.我们正在筹备公司的春季烧烤会。arrange to do [sth] v expr (schedule)安排做某事，计划做某事I haven't seen you in a very long time. We should arrange to do something.我已经很久没有见到你了。我们应该安排一下。arrange for [sb] to do [sth] v expr (make preparations)安排某人做某事They arranged for a babysitter to take care of the children.他们安排了一位保姆来照顾孩子。arrange [sth] vtr (agree)达成（协议）；商定The two sides arranged a deal.双方达成协议。arrange [sth] vtr (music: adapt)改编（乐谱等）The composer arranged the score for the symphony concert.作曲家为此次交响音乐会改编了乐谱。arrange [sth] vtr (marriage: parents decide) (婚姻)安排，包办In some cultures, it is customary for parents to arrange their child's marriage.在某些文化中，父母包办子女的婚姻是一种习俗。array, array of [sth] n (display) (陈列整齐的)大量，一批His shelves held a vast array of Star Wars action figures.他的书架上陈列着大量《星球大战》的活动人偶。array, array of [sth] n (variety, range)多种；各种The company provides an array of services for its customers.这家公司为其客户提供多种不同的服务。array [sth/sb] vtr (troops: line up) (军队)列（队），整（队）The general arrayed his troops in anticipation of battle.将军整列好自己的军队，为战斗做好准备。array [sth] vtr (display)陈列；展示The seamstress arrayed the richly-colored fabrics in front of her client.女裁缝在自己的顾客面前展示出多种色彩艳丽的面料。array [sb] in [sth] vtr often passive (dress)给...穿上华美服饰；盛装装扮...The geisha was arrayed in a deep purple kimono with intricate embroidery.这位艺伎身着带有复杂刺绣的深紫色和服。arrayed in [sth] adj + prep literary (dressed in, wearing)穿着；打扮着；装饰着arrest [sth] vtr (to slow or stop something)阻止…；中止…；使…减缓或停止The levee arrested the progress of the floodwaters.堤岸阻止了洪水的进犯。arrest [sth] vtr (to catch and hold) (注意力)吸引，抓住The fireworks arrested the attention of the crowd.arrest [sth] vtr (medicine: stop growth) (医药)抑制…，阻止…，使…停止（生长）We hope that the chemotherapy will arrest the growth of the tumour.arrive at [sth] vi + prep figurative (conclusion, etc.: reach)到达（相对较小的地方）The mathematician worked to arrive at the answer.arrogate [sth] vtr (assume, appropriate)冒称；霸占；僭取be arsed to do [sth] v expr UK, vulgar, slang (willing to make effort)愿意做…；乐意做…备注: Used in the negative, in questions, or when there is doubt.The story's quite good so far, but I don't think I can be arsed to read the whole thing.arsenal of [sth] n figurative (store, supply) (比喻)聚集，储备，堆积This brochure has a whole arsenal of ideas for Christmas gifts.这本手册收录了非常多圣诞礼物的创意。articulate [sth] vtr (express something well)明确有力地表达Katherine found it difficult to articulate her feelings when she was tired.凯瑟琳发现，劳累的时候，很难明确有力地表达自己的感受。articulate [sth] vtr (make [sth] stand out)突出表达；明确强调Craig articulated the main point of his speech well.as an alternative to [sth] prep (instead of)作为…的替代；代替Soy milk can be used as an alternative to cows' milk for some recipes.as compared with [sb/sth] expr (in comparison to)与…相比As compared with American English, British English seems more formal.as much as [sb/sth] expr (the same amount as)像…一样多Nobody can eat as much as my brother!没有人能比我兄弟吃得更多！as much [sth] as [sb/sth] expr (an equal amount of)和...等量I can't eat as much cheese as my sister.我吃不了和姐姐等量的奶酪。as much [sth] as expr (with clause: the same amount as)和...等量的事物I would love to earn as much money as you do.我也想挣和你一样多的钱。as part of [sth] prep (in the wider context)作为…的一部分As part of a school project, we must write and perform a short play.作为学校项目的一部分，我们必须自编自演一出短剧。as part of [sth] prep (as a member)作为…的一份子；做为…的成员As part of a team, you must be able to work together with other people.作为团队的一份子，你必须要能与他人合作共事。ascend [sth] vtr (go up)攀登；攀爬；爬高We ascended the mountain at dawn, before it got hot.我们在黎明时登上山峰，当时还不热。ascertain [sth] vtr (verify)查明；弄清The journalist ascertained the facts by speaking with the police directly.那位记者直接联系了警方，查明了事实真相。ascribable to [sb/sth] adj (can be credited to)归因于ascribe [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (attribute [sth] to [sb])归因于，认为是由于；把…归属于，认为是…所写How can you ascribe such motives to me without any evidence?你怎么能在没有证据情况下就说我有这样的动机？ashamed of [sth/sb] adj + prep (embarrassed)对…感到羞耻；为…感到羞愧I was ashamed of my boyfriend's rude behavior at the dinner party.我对男友在晚宴期间的粗鲁表现感到羞耻。ask [sb] [sth] vtr (with object: enquire)询问某人某事A man stopped me in the street and asked me the time.一个男子在街上叫住了我，并向我询问时间。ask [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (request [sth] from [sb])向某人要某物；向某人索求某物The homeless woman asked me for money.这名无家可归的女性向我要钱。ask for [sth] vi + prep (request)要求；请求；索取The policeman asked for my license and registration.警察要了我的执照和注册信息。ask [sb] to do [sth] v expr (request that [sb] do [sth])请求某人做某事My sister asked me to pass the salt.我妹妹请我把盐递过去。ask [sb] about [sth] vtr (request information from [sb])询问某人某事；向某人咨询某事，向某人打听某事He asked his father about jobs in the factory.他向父亲打听那家工厂的就业机会。ask about [sth] vi + prep (request information)询问…的信息；问…的消息The journalist was asking about the director's latest film.记者正在打听这位导演最新作品的消息。ask for [sth] vi + prep figurative, informal (invite: trouble)招惹，自找备注: This sense of "ask for" is often used with the continuous form of the verb - e.g., "He was asking for trouble" or "You're asking for it."I wouldn't do that if I were you! You're just asking for it.我要是你我就不会那么做！你这纯粹是自找的。ask [sth] back vtr + adv (pose question in return)反问Audrey asked me a question, but I wasn't sure what she meant, so I asked her a question back.asphalt [sth] vtr (put surface on roads)用柏油铺The new parking lot has not been asphalted yet.aspirate [sth] vtr (suck out, clear by suction)抽出；吸出aspirate [sth] vtr (phonetics: with puff of air)送气发音aspire to [sth] vi + prep (strive for [sth])为…努力；渴望实现Any writer who aspires to greatness should study the classics.任何追求卓越的作者应学习古典文学。aspire to do [sth] v expr (aim to do [sth])热望；渴望I aspire to master at least one foreign language.我渴望掌握至少一门外语。assail [sb/sth] vtr (attack verbally, criticize)抨击；言语攻击The politician's rivals have been constantly assailing him in public speeches.该政客的对手不断地在公开演说中抨击他。assay [sth] vtr (assess)评估；评价It's important to assay the situation before making a decision.做决定前评估情况很重要。assay [sth] vtr (analyze)分析；化验The mineral sample will be assayed by a geologist.地质学家将对这份矿物样本进行化验。assemble [sth] vtr (object: put together)组装Christina was proud that she had assembled the dresser by herself.克里斯丁娜靠一己之力将衣柜组装起来了，她感到很骄傲。assemble [sth] vtr (people, team: gather)集合；聚集；召集Marnie has already assembled a team for the charity run next year.玛尼已经召集了一个团队，打算组织明年的慈善活动。assent to [sth] vi + prep (consent, agree to [sth])同意...Lucy assented to the plan but later changed her mind.assent to do [sth] v expr (consent, agree to do [sth])同意；赞成She said that she had never assented to marry the man.她说她从来没有答应嫁给那个男人。assert [sth] vtr (insist on: rights, etc.) (权利等)坚持，维护Seth asserted his right to a fair trial.Joe wanted to go to his friend's house, but his father asserted his authority and said no.塞斯坚称他有权获得公正审判。// 乔想去朋友家，但父亲却坚持己见不同意他去。assess [sth] vtr (evaluate)评价；评估The consultant assessed the situation.顾问对情况进行了评估。assess [sth] vtr (appraise: value)为…估值，为…估价The value of the property was assessed at one million Euros.该处房产的估价为一百万欧元。assess [sth] vtr usu US (impose a tax or fee on) (税收等)核定He was assessed 300 dollars for property tax.asseverate [sth] vtr formal (assert) (正式用语)断言，严正声明assign [sth] vtr (task: give)布置；指派The history teacher frequently assigns massive amounts of homework.历史老师经常布置非常多的家庭作业。assign [sth] to [sb] vtr (task: give to [sb])把…分配给；指派…负责The manager assigned the task of interviewing job candidates to her assistant.经理将面试求职者的任务分配给了助理。assign [sb] [sth] vtr (charge with a task)指派…做；任命…负责Sarah's supervisor assigned her the task of writing the company newsletter.莎拉的主管指派她编写公司通讯稿。assign [sb] to do [sth] v expr (charge with a task)分配；指派；选派（某人做某事）They assigned Cheri to bake cookies for the luncheon.他们指派谢利为午宴烤饼干。assign [sth] vtr (allocate)分配；给予；配给The volunteers at the refugee camp worked on assigning rations fairly.难民营的志愿者们在公平分配口粮。assign [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (allocate to [sb])将…指派给…负责；将…分配给…做City council has assigned resources to five new charity groups this year.市议会今年已将资源分配给了五个新的慈善团体。assign [sth] to [sb] vtr (law: transfer) (法律)把...转让给，把...让渡给assign [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (allocate [sth] to [sth])将…分配到；将…分派到Theodore assigned numbers to the items on the list based on the order of importance.西奥多根据重要性顺序，为列表上的项目分配了号码。assign [sth] as [sth] vtr + prep (categorize [sth])把...列为；把...归属于The councilman assigned the upcoming campaign as the top priority.议员把即将开展的活动列为重中之重。assimilate [sth] vtr (absorb, incorporate)吸收；接受；纳入Some people assimilate caffeine faster than others.有些人吸收咖啡因比其他人都要快。be assimilated into [sth] adj (be absorbed or integrated into [sth])与…融合；被...同化Foreigners stand out for a while, but then they are assimilated into the host culture.assist in [sth] vi + prep (help with)帮助...，为...提供协助Officer Blue assisted in the recent murder investigation.布鲁警官为最近的谋杀案调查提供了协助。assist in doing [sth] v expr (participate, help with)帮助做...，协助做...A passerby assisted in giving the woman medical attention.一名路人协助为这位女士提供医疗看护。assist [sb] in doing [sth] v expr (help to do)帮助某人做某事，协助某人做某事Naomi's cousins assisted her in making preparations for the wedding.直美的堂兄妹们帮她置办婚礼。assist with [sth] vi + prep (help with)帮助做某事Rupert teaches French at the college; he sometimes assists with Spanish lessons too.鲁伯特在大学教授法语，他偶尔也会帮助教授西班牙语课程。assist [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (help to do)帮助...做...We persuaded a neighbour with a large van to assist us with our move.我们说服了一名有大货车的邻居帮助我们搬家。associate [sth/sb] with [sth/sb] vtr (connect mentally)联想；联系For some reason, I associate Max with peanut butter.不知道什么原因，我一看到花生酱就会联想到马克思。associate, associate of [sth] n (subordinate member of institution)准会员Ginny is an associate of the Royal Academy of Arts.金妮是皇家艺术学院的准会员。be associated with [sth/sb] v expr (be related to)与...有关；关乎For many people, Christmas is associated with gifts and shopping.对许多人来说，圣诞节关乎礼物和购物。associated with [sb/sth] adj + prep (related, connected to)与…有关系的；与…有联系的Although they work in similar fields, Charlie is not associated with Bob. She is not associated with the college, so you cannot have her as your advisor.虽然查理和鲍勃在相似的领域工作，但他们与彼此没有联系。她与大学没有关系，所以不能做你的顾问。assort [sth] vtr (classify, put in a group)为…分类；给…归类assuage [sth] vtr formal (calm, allay: fear) (恐惧等)使…平息下来The Prime Minister made a speech aimed at assuaging people's fears following the attack.总理做了演讲，目标是减轻人们在袭击后的恐惧。assuage [sth] vtr formal (satisfy: hunger, etc.)充饥；解渴The pub landlord offered Neville a beer to assuage his thirst.酒馆老板给了内维尔一杯啤酒来解渴。assuage [sth] vtr formal (ease: pain) (痛苦等)缓和，减轻Mike needs some medicine to assuage his pain.麦克需要一些药物来缓解疼痛。assume [sth] vtr (suppose)假定；假设Until we have evidence that Jake committed the murder, we must assume his innocence.直到有证据证明杰克就是杀人犯之前，我们必须假定他是清白的。assume [sth] vtr (take for granted)理所当然地认为This course assumes a basic knowledge of Spanish.课程认定大家都已具备西班牙语的基础知识。assume [sth] vtr (take up: office or role) (职务)担任；就（职）The elected politician assumed the office of the President.该政客当选了总统。assume [sth] vtr (take up: a position) (姿势)采取Please assume a foetal position for this dance exercise.在这一舞蹈练习中，请采取胎儿式蜷缩姿势。assume [sth] vtr (adopt, take on)采用；呈现This mythical snake was said to assume human form.神话传说中的这条蛇可以化为人形。assume [sth] vtr formal (acquire)承担When she bought her house, Anna assumed the previous owner's mortgage.assume command, assume command of [sth] vtr + n (take charge, responsibility)担任指挥；负起责任When the captain was killed, the lieutenant assumed command of the ship.船长去世后，副船长肩负起船只的指挥任务。assure [sb] of [sth] vtr + prep (guarantee [sth])向...保证；使...确信Marcus tried to assure Liz of the reliability of the car, but she didn't believe him.马库斯试图向利兹保证汽车的可靠，但利兹不相信他。assure [sth] vtr (make certain)确认；确保The contract assures the forgiveness of the debt in the event of death.合同中确认，如果发生死亡，债务就会注销。assure [sth] vtr UK (insure against loss)给...上保险They assured an amount that will triple in the event of death occurring during a business-related trip.assure yourself [sth] v expr (secure for yourself)使自己确信；确实弄清楚；确保asterisk [sth] vtr (mark with an asterisk)用星号标记；加星号于；标注星形符号The author has asterisked the term and defined it in a footnote.作者用星号标记了这个术语并在脚注处给出了定义。be astonished at [sth/sb] v expr (be amazed by)因...吃惊；为...感到惊讶Onlookers were astonished at the firefighter's bravery.消防队员的勇敢让旁观者大为惊叹。at a tangent to [sth] expr (line: touching a curve)与...呈切线at ease with [sb/sth] adj (comfortable)自在；不拘束Chris was very friendly, and I instantly felt at ease with him.克里斯为人友好，所以在他面前时，我马上就觉得很自在。have [sth] at heart v expr (consider, be concerned with)关心；记挂I have your best interests at heart.at liberty to do [sth] adj (unconstrained)不受限制的；不受支配的；自由的The police were not at liberty to discuss details of the case with the press.at odds with [sth] adj (not corresponding)与…意见不一致；起争执Your opinion is at odds with the facts.at risk of, also US: at risk for [sth] expr (having increased chance of: [sth] bad)处于...的危险境地；有...的危险People who smoke are at increased risk for cancer.at the beginning of [sth] expr (at the starting point of)在…的开头；在…伊始In the old days, most of the credits were shown at the beginning of a movie.过去大多数演员表都在电影开头时出现。be at the bottom of [sth] v expr figurative (be the cause of [sth])是…的原因；是造成…的原因Childhood experiences are often at the bottom of adult complexes.be at the bottom of [sth] v expr (be at the lowest part of [sth])在…底部The village is at the bottom of the mountain.at the center of [sth] (US), at the centre of [sth] (UK) prep figurative (focus of controversy, etc.)在...的中心；处于...的核心at the core of [sth] expr figurative (at the center or heart of)在核心；在中心at the cutting edge of [sth], on the cutting edge of [sth] adv figurative (at the forefront of [sth])走在...的前端；处于...的前沿In 1440 Gutenberg's printing press was at the cutting edge of technology.at the end of [sth] expr (at [sth]'s conclusion)在…的最后阶段；在…结束时At the end of the race, the runner fell exhausted to her knees.比赛结束后，赛跑者精疲力尽地跪倒在地。at the expense of [sth] prep figurative (to the disadvantage of [sth]) (事)以...为代价；靠牺牲at the forefront of [sth], in the forefront of [sth] adv (in the vanguard)在…的前沿Yves Saint Laurent was at the forefront of haute couture for years.at the heart of [sth] prep (at the centre of [sth])在…中央；处于…的核心部分；位于…的中心At the heart of the financial crisis there was a lot of greed.at the mercy of [sth] prep (helpless)在…面前毫无办法；任由…摆布Without fuel the ship's engines failed and the vessel was at the mercy of the violent storm.at the stroke of [sth], on the stroke of [sth] prep (at exactly: a given hour)正当...的时候；刚好...的时刻The party ended at the stroke of midnight.at the vanguard of [sth], in the vanguard of [sth] expr figurative (at the forefront of)处于...的前沿This writer is at the vanguard of modern English literature.We've always been in the vanguard of technological innovation.be at variance with [sth] adj (not corresponding)与…不一致，与…有出入Your opinion is definitely at variance with the facts.at war with [sth] expr figurative (ideas, desires: in conflict with) (思想、观念)与…冲突at work on [sth] adj (working on)正在处理；正在从事The show is a great success, and its writers are already at work on the second season.这部剧大获成功，编剧已经开始着手准备第二季。at [sb]'s disposal, as the disposal of [sb/sth] adv (available for your use)供你自由使用；由你自由支配I'll leave the computer at your disposal.我会把电脑留给你，供你自由使用。atmosphere [sth] vtr rare (give ambiance to)为…营造氛围The director had atmosphered the movie to make it scary, through clever use of lighting and background music.atom-bomb [sth] vtr (drop atom bomb on place)向...投掷原子弹atomize [sth], also UK: atomise [sth] vtr (turn into tiny particles)使分裂成微粒；使粉碎；使原子化The nozzle atomizes the perfume when you spray it.atomize [sth], also UK: atomise [sth] vtr (destroy with nuclear bomb)将...轰成原子；用核弹轰炸；对...进行核轰炸atomize [sth], also UK: atomise [sth] vtr figurative (divide)划分；细分atone for [sth] vi + prep (make amends for [sth])为...赎罪；补偿；弥补Christians believe that Jesus atoned for our sins.attach [sth] vtr (connect)附加；加上The seamstress attached the buttons as the last step in mending the dress.作为修补裙子的最后一步，女裁缝缝上了纽扣。attach [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep (connect to)把...系在...上，把...拴在...上，给…系上The children attached hooks to the ornaments before placing them on the Christmas tree.孩子们给饰品系上挂钩后，把它们挂到圣诞树上。attach [sth] to [sth/sb] vtr + prep (fasten)把...紧紧绑在...上；把...固定在...在Jamie attached a note for her son's teacher to his sleeve so he would not forget.杰米把给儿子老师的字条绑在了儿子的袖口，这样他就不会忘了。attach [sth] vtr (append, enclose)附寄；附加When Tina sent the email, did she attach the photos?蒂娜发邮件的时候，附上照片了么？attach [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (append, enclose)把...附带进...里；随...附上The hacker had attached a computer virus to the email.黑客将电脑病毒附带进这封邮件里。attach to [sth] vi + prep (be fastened)系上；挂上；缚上A carabiner attaches to your belt or bag strap so that you can easily carry keys, a water bottle or other equipment.你可以在腰带或者背包带上挂一个铁钩，方便携带钥匙、水壶或其他装备。attach yourself to [sb/sth] v expr figurative (individual, group: follow around)依恋，依赖；缠着...不放Dave attached himself to our group in the first week of college, but none of us really like him.大学第一周，大卫一直缠着我们的小组，但我们中没有人喜欢他。attach yourself to [sth] v expr (be associated with)参加，参与；加入；成为...的一份子Will attached himself to the new business venture.威尔自己也参加了这场全新的商业冒险。attach [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep often passive (military: assign) (军事)将…调配到， 将…配属给The sergeant attached Rick to a special ops unit.队长将里克调配到一支特别行动组。attach [sth] vtr (law: seize, transfer) (法律)扣押The judge decided to attach a percentage of his salary for unpaid child support.法官决定扣押他工资的一定百分比，偿付拖欠的子女抚养费。attach [sth] to [sth] vtr figurative (ascribe)把...归于；把...归属于The appraiser attached a value of $5,000 to the old grandfather clock.鉴定师对那座老式的落地钟的估价为5000美元。attach [sb] as [sth] vtr often passive (officially appoint)指派…为；任命…为They attached Melinda as a security officer for the department.他们指派梅琳达为该部门的安全长官。attach importance to [sth] v expr (consider [sth] significant)重视；认为…很重要I refuse to attach importance to his lying testimony.attached to [sb/sth] adj + prep figurative (fond of)喜欢…的My daughter is very attached to her stuffed bear.我女儿很喜欢她的毛绒熊。attached to [sth] adj + prep military (military: assigned to a unit) (军事)归属的，附属的，隶属于的The sergeant is an advisor, attached to a foreign military unit.attack [sth] vtr figurative (set about vigorously)全力解决；全力对付He attacked the problem with enthusiasm.attain [sth] vtr (achieve, accomplish)完成；实现；达到We are so close to attaining our goal of raising two million dollars.我们非常接近实现筹集200万美元的目标。attain [sth] vtr formal (reach)达到；获得；活到Marlene's grandmother attained the age of ninety-nine before she passed away.马琳的祖母一直活到九十九岁高龄才去世。attain to [sth] vi + prep literary (achieve) (书面用语)完成；达成Few empires, before or since, have attained to such power as this one.纵观古今，很少有其他帝国能像它一样势力鼎盛。attempt [sth], attempt to do [sth] vtr (try)试着；尝试；努力I will attempt to talk to him on Monday.我会在周一试着跟他谈谈。attempt [sth] vtr (try to do)尝试做；试图做We're attempting something that's never been done before.我们正尝试做以前没人做过的事情。attempt [sth] vtr (try to reach: top of [sth])试图寻找；尝试到达In the morning, they attempted the summit of the Matterhorn.早晨，他们尝试登上马特洪峰的山顶。attend [sth] vtr (be present at)出席；参加；到场I hope to attend the opening night.我希望能出席晚上的开幕式。attend [sth] vtr (school, church: go regularly)定期去（教堂、学校等）Edith attends church every Sunday.伊迪斯每周日都会去教堂。attend [sth] vtr formal, usually passive (accompany)伴随着…，随…出现She had a high temperature, attended by a cough.她发高烧并伴有咳嗽。attend to [sth] vi + prep (take care of) (对事)料理，处理Please excuse me while I attend to a business matter.attend to [sth] vi + prep formal (pay attention to) (对事)关注，留意，注意The students were told to attend to his instructions very closely as he carried out the experiment.attended by [sb/sth] adj + prep (accompanied)由…陪同The queen was attended by six ladies in waiting.attentive to [sth/sb] adj + prep (courteous, considerate)对…体贴周到的；对…态度殷勤的The staff at the hotel are quite attentive to guests' needs and desires.酒店的工作人员对客人的需求和愿望非常体贴周到。attenuate [sth] vtr (lessen)使…变少；减轻The jury were asked to consider whether these circumstances were sufficient to attenuate the offence.陪审团被要求考虑这些情节是否足以减轻罪行。attenuate [sth] vtr (make smaller, thinner)使…变小；使…变细；使…变瘦attest to [sth] vi + prep (testify to)为...作证；证明...是真的I can attest to the truth of that statement.attest [sth] vtr (be witness to [sth])作目击证人；作证A vet will need to attest your pet's certificate of health insurance.兽医需要为你宠物的健康保险作证。attire [sb] in [sth] vtr + prep formal (dress)为...穿上The ladies-in-waiting attired the queen in a lavish silk ball gown.侍女们为女皇穿上一件奢华的丝绸舞会礼服。attract [sth] vtr (draw: attention or crowd)引起…的注意；吸引The clown's juggling act attracted a crowd.小丑的杂耍表演吸引了一群观众。attract [sth] vtr (force: pull)吸引The sun's gravity is strong enough to attract comets from the Kuiper belt to it.太阳的引力足以吸引柯伊伯带的彗星。attract [sth] vtr (provoke, arouse)引起；激起The portrayal of Lady Macbeth has attracted accusations of misogyny.对麦克白夫人的描绘引起人们的纷纷指责，认为这个形象有厌女的嫌疑。be attracted to [sth] v expr (interested by: an idea, etc.) (想法、观念等)被...吸引；对…非常感兴趣I am attracted to medieval European history; I find it absolutely fascinating.我认为欧洲中世纪史非常引人入胜，让我非常感兴趣。be attracted to [sth] v expr (physics: drawn to: [sth]) (物理)被吸引的The positive and negative points of magnets are always attracted to each other.磁铁的正负两极总是相互吸引。attributable to [sth/sb] adj + prep (can be ascribed to)由…引起Philip's disruptive behavior is attributable to his parents' divorce.attribute [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (ascribe)把…归因于To what do you attribute your early success as a singer?你把自己歌手生涯的成功归因于什么？attributed to [sth] adj + prep (ascribed)归因于；被认为是；由…引起的The higher gas prices can be attributed to a greater demand for oil.attribution of [sth] n uncountable (act of assigning)归因；归属The board's attribution of blame to an obvious scapegoat outraged the workers.董事会将责任归咎于明显是替罪羊的人，该行为惹怒了工人们。attrit [sb/sth] vtr US, informal (wear down)损耗；使疲劳attrit [sb/sth] vtr US, informal (decrease in number)消耗；削弱The army was able to attrit the enemy forces.attune [sb/sth] vtr often passive (make receptive)使…和谐；使…协调attune [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep often passive (make receptive to [sth])习惯于…The politician is known for being attuned to the desires of the people.attune [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep often passive (acclimatize [sb] to [sth])使…适应The program is designed to attune teachers to new teaching methods.attuned to [sth] adj + prep (sensitive to, aware of [sth])对...敏感Babies are attuned to their mothers' voices.attuned to [sth] adj + prep (acclimatized to [sth])对...适应Mary is not yet attuned to the more formal work environment.au courant with [sth] adj + prep Gallicism (person: aware, cognizant of)熟悉…；了解…au fait with [sth] adj + prep Gallicism (experienced, knowledgeable)熟悉…；精通…auction [sth] vtr (sell [sth] through bidding)拍卖The autism awareness group auctioned donated items to raise money.自闭症宣传组织拍照捐献品来筹集资金。audiotape [sth] vtr (sound: record on tape)用磁带录...She audiotapes the interviews and transcribes them later.audit [sth] vtr (accounts: inspect) (会计)审计Mario has to audit the sales accounts in October.马里奥需要审计十月份的销售账目。audit [sth/sb] vtr (government: conduct a review of)审查；检查Last year, Harry and Sally were audited by the IRS.去年，哈利和萨丽接受了国税局的审查。audit [sth] vtr US (course: sit in on) (课程)旁听Elsa is studying biology, but she also audits some fine art lectures.augment [sth] vtr (number: increase)增加；增长Our party was augmented by the arrival of several latecomers.因后来几位人员的加入，我们的派对人数更多了。augment [sth] vtr (size: enlarge)扩大；增大I need to do something to augment my income.我需要做一些事情来增加我的收入。augur [sth] vtr (predict, promise)占卜；预言；预测The election of a new leader augurs a fresh beginning for the party.augur [sth] vtr (indicate by omens)预示；预兆Dreams about gold are said to augur prosperity in the coming year.据说，梦到金子就预示着来年会发财。auscultate [sth] vtr (examine by listening)听诊auspice, auspice of [sth] n (good omen)吉兆；好兆头authenticate [sth] vtr (verify, confirm as genuine)证明…是真实的；鉴定The jeweller authenticated the gemstone as a diamond.珠宝商证实这块宝石是一颗钻石。the author, the author of [sth] n (person who wrote [sth])作者The author of the book was famous, but nobody recognized him.这本书的作者很有名，但没有人认出他来。author [sth] vtr (write)撰写；创作She authored two of the magazine articles.她撰写了两篇杂志文章。author, author of [sth] n figurative, rare (creator)制造者，责任人He is the author of all his problems.author [sth] vtr figurative, rare (originate)导致了He has authored all his own problems.他造就了自身的所有问题。authoritative on [sth], authoritative about [sth] adj + prep (knowledgeable about)对...有权威的My history teacher is particularly authoritative on the Tudor period.authority on [sth] n (authoritative publication)权威著作；权威出版物The famous astronomer's book is considered to be the authority on black holes.authorize [sth], also UK: authorise [sth] vtr (permit officially)正式批准；官方准许The mayor has authorized plans for a new city park.authorize [sb] to do [sth], also UK: authorise [sb] to do [sth] v expr (permit officially to do)授权…做…Marla authorized her assistant to file the papers with the city.authorize [sb] for [sth], also UK: authorise [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (permit access)授予...进入...的权限Jack's boss authorized him for entry to the secured area.autoclave [sth] vtr (put in autoclave)用高压设备消毒...autocorrect [sth] vtr (correct automatically)自动更正autograph [sth] vtr (celebrity: sign)签名Players autographed pictures for fans after the practice.automate [sth] vtr (make automatic)使…自动化；使…自动操作automatize [sth], also UK: automatise [sth] vtr (make automatic)使自动化avail yourself of [sth] v expr (make use of)利用Buster failed because he did not avail himself of the help offered to him.avalanche of [sth] n figurative (large amount) (比喻)蜂拥而至的一批, 大量涌来的一批, 大量As a celebrity, Kim receives an avalanche of requests to make public appearances.avenge [sth] vtr (take revenge for sthg) (为某事)为…报复He lives only to avenge the murder of his family.他活着只是为了找杀害他家人的凶手复仇。aver [sth] vtr formal (affirm)断言；主张The witness averred that the defendant was not known to him.证人坚称他不认识被告。average [sth] vtr (calculate the mean of)平均化，求…的平均数The easiest way to find the answer is to average the data.找出答案最简单的方法是求出数据的平均数。average [sth] vtr (total on average)平均为Fresh blackberries average around a half-kilo per pint.averse to [sth] adj + prep (opposed to)反对的If you're not averse to waiting, I'll be finished soon.如果你不介意等一下的话，我会很快结束。avert [sth] vtr (avoid: sthg bad) (危险、危害等)避免；避开How can we avert delays in the production process?我们如何避免生产过程中的延误？avert [sth] vtr (eyes, gaze: turn away) (视线等)移开；转移I averted my eyes when I saw she was naked.看到她一丝不挂，我移开了目光。avoid [sth/sb] vtr (stay away from)避免；避开The kayakers avoided the rocks in the river.皮艇避开了河中的礁石。avoid [sth/sb] vtr (escape, evade)逃脱（追捕等）；逃避某人The fugitive avoided arrest.该逃犯逃脱了追捕。avoid [sth] vtr (not do [sth])逃避；躲避I've been avoiding work all day.我一整天都在逃避工作。avoid doing [sth] vtr (not do [sth])逃避；避开；躲避Ruth has avoided speaking to Chris since yesterday morning.从昨天早上起，露丝就避免与克里斯说话。avoid [sth] vtr (tax, etc.: evade) (税务等)逃避；规避He avoided the tax laws with the help of his accountant.avoid [sb/sth] like the plague v expr informal (stay away from)不惜一切代价避开；无论怎样都要避免Jenny is the most annoying person in the office; I avoid her like the plague.avoid doing [sth] like the plague v expr informal (not do)无论怎样都要避免；想尽一切办法避免Many teenagers avoid cleaning their room like the plague.avouch [sth], avouch that vtr (avow, assert openly)公开声明；公开断言avow [sth] vtr formal (with object: declare, confess)公开声明；宣布；承认The Chief Inspector avowed her intention to bring the murderer to justice.检察长宣布她将把这位杀人犯交付审判。await [sth] vtr (wait with anticipation)等待；期待Brad anxiously awaited her reply.布拉德焦急地等待她的回答。awake to [sth] adj + prep figurative (alert)对...保持警惕Parents of children and teenagers should be awake to the dangers of social media.小孩的父母以及青少年应该对社交媒体的危害保持警惕。awake to [sth] vi + prep (become aware of)意识到，察觉到Ian awoke to feelings he didn't know he had.伊恩意识到一些自己以前都不曾察觉的感觉。awaken [sth] vtr figurative (arouse: emotion)激起；唤起Her stories awakened memories of my childhood.她的故事唤起了我童年的记忆。award [sb] [sth] vtr (give [sb] a prize)给…颁（奖）；授予某人某物He was awarded the Nobel Prize for peace.他被授予诺贝尔和平奖。award [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (give a prize to [sb])给予…某种奖励，授予…某项奖励They awarded the Oscar for Best Picture to "12 Years a Slave".他们将奥斯卡最佳影片奖授予了《为奴十二年》。award [sb] [sth] vtr (grant, give [sb] [sth])给予；允许She was awarded the Advanced Literature class because of her teaching skills.因为她的教学技巧，她被允许开设高等文学班。award [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (grant, give [sth] to [sb])给予，给The government awarded the contract to the small company.政府把合同给了那家小公司。aware of [sth] adj (conscious: of [sth])意识到…的；留神...的Drivers must be aware of the other cars on the road.驾驶员必须注意道路上的其它车辆。aware of [sth] adj (informed)明白的，了解的Is it good for young children to be aware of current affairs?让儿童了解当前事件是否是有好处的？awash with [sth] adj figurative (filled with [sth]) (物)充斥的，泛滥的This director's films are awash with violence.这位导演的电影充斥着暴力。away from [sth/sb] prep (at a distance)从…离开；远离Away from the earthquake's epicentre there was less damage.远离地震震中的区域，损毁程度较轻。away with [sth] interj (end or remove [sth])废除；去掉babbitt [sth] vtr (cover with Babbitt metal)用巴氏合金覆盖baby [sb/sth] vtr (treat gently)像照顾婴儿般照料；细心照料She went to the spa, where the staff would pamper and baby her.babyproof [sth], baby-proof vtr (make safe for babies)使…对婴儿安全back of [sth] n (rear)（某物的）后部I can sit in the back of the car and you can sit in the front.我可以坐在车的后座，而你可以坐在前面。back [sth] vtr (move in reverse)使后退；使倒退He backed the car down the driveway ... right into a lamppost.他在车道上倒车……正撞到街灯柱子上。back [sth] vtr (support [sth])支持You should back your argument with facts.你应该用事实来支持自己的论点。back [sth/sb] vtr (wager on)下赌注于；押注于Which horse should we back?back [sth] vtr (form background of)构成…的背景The field is backed by a row of trees.back [sth] vtr (mount)作…的底板（衬里）；在背后加固She backed the photo with grey card.back into [sth] vi + prep (enter by reversing)倒退进入Jeff looked into the rear-view mirror as he backed into the parking space.back [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (vehicle: reverse into)倒车入；把车倒进My wife always has trouble backing the car into the driveway.back into [sth/sb] vi + prep (hit by reversing)倒退撞上He wasn't paying attention and backed into the bollard.back [sth] into [sth/sb] vtr + prep (vehicle: hit while reversing)倒车时撞上...Matt accidentally backed his car into a lamppost.back-burner [sth] vtr US, informal (give low priority to, delay)把…搁置一边，搁置back-order [sth] vtr (order [sth] out of stock) (期货)订货backbone of [sth], [sth]'s backbone n figurative ([sth/sb] that supports)主心骨；支柱；中坚力量Jerry is the backbone of this office; it would never succeed without him.杰瑞是办公室的主心骨，没有他是无法成功的。backcomb [sth] vtr (hair: towards scalp)把...向后梳backdate [sth] vtr (mark with an earlier date)在…注上比实际日期更早的日期The tax office backdated my benefits, as I had been eligible for them for six months already.税务办公室将我的补贴日期倒推，因为我在六个月前已经符合资格。backdrop [sth] vtr (be the background to)作为...背景backlight [sth] vtr (light from behind)从后方照亮；从后方照明backlist [sth] vtr (put on a backlist)记入库存书籍目录backscatter [sth] vtr (physics: deflect)反向散射backstop [sth] vtr (support)支持；支援backtrack on [sth] vi + prep figurative (change your opinion about [sth])改变观点When the investigation began, the politician quickly began to backtrack on his previous remarks.be bad at [sth] v expr (unskilled at [sth])不擅长，…做不好Why is Britain so bad at tennis?英国人为什么乒乓球打得这么糟？a bad feeling about [sth/sb] n (misgivings)对…有不好的预感；对…有不详之感I have a bad feeling about this place; I think we should leave.a badge of [sth] n figurative (distinguishing feature)象征；标识That company's logo is a badge of quality.那家公司的商标就是质量的象征。badge [sth] vtr (put a badge on) (徽章)戴上；别上badger [sb] into doing [sth], badger [sb] to do [sth] v expr (pester to do [sth])缠着...做...；纠缠...做...My children badgered me into taking them to the playground.孩子们缠着要我带他们去游乐场。baffle [sth] vtr (sound, light, etc.: reduce)阻挡；隔绝The heavily insulated walls are meant to baffle the noise from the nearby highway.bag of [sth] n (potatoes, etc.: sack) (土豆等)一袋Maria went to the store and bought a bag of potatoes.玛利亚去商店买了一袋土豆。bag of [sth] n UK (potato chips: packet) (薯片)一袋Ian opened his bag of crisps.伊恩开了一袋薯片。bag of [sth] n UK (candy: packet) (糖果)一袋A bag of sweets weighing 545g contains approximately 100 sweets.一袋重545克的糖果含有将近100的糖。bag [sth] vtr (purchases: put into a bag)把…装进袋子A store employee will bag your groceries for you.bag [sth] vtr (kill, catch)捕获We bagged a pheasant on our hunting trip.bags of [sth] npl figurative, informal, mainly UK (large amount: of [sth])很多；许多；大量There's no need to rush - we've got bags of time.bag [sth] vtr informal, figurative (obtain)获得；得到；搞到We managed to bag a good deal for a package holiday to Malta.我设法搞到了一个划算的马耳他度假套餐。bagsy [sth] vtr UK, dated, informal (claim [sth])先说先占My brother bagsied the biggest slice of chocolate cake.bail [sth] vtr (remove: water from boat)往外舀水After the canoe hit a large rock and got a hole in the bottom, we had to bail water.独木舟撞上大礁石后，在底部出了个窟窿，我们不得不往外舀水。bait [sth] vtr (attach lure to: fishing hook)把饵装在...The way you bait your hook may determine how many fish you catch.你是怎么样把饵装在鱼钩上的，决定了你能抓到多少鱼。bait [sth] vtr (set dogs upon: an animal)放狗袭击；放狗咬In Elizabethan times, people baited bears for entertainment.在伊丽莎白女王一世时代，人们放出狗来攻击熊，以供娱乐。baize [sth] vtr (cover with baize)给...盖台面呢bake [sth] vtr (cook in the oven)烤，烘烤，烤制Bake the cake for half an hour, then check to see if it is done. My grandma bakes delicious cakes.先烘烤半小时，然后检查蛋糕是否烤好。我祖母能烤制出美味的蛋糕。bake [sth] vtr (heat in a kiln, etc.)烘热；晒热Pottery is baked in a kiln.陶器在土窑里烘烤。bake [sth] vtr (harden by heat)晒干；晒硬The driveway is muddy now, but the sun will bake it soon.车道现在泥泞不堪，不过阳光很快就能晒干它。bake [sth] in vtr + adv (computing: integrate) (计算机)植入；加入bake [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (computing: integrate into) (计算机)将...植入；将...加入balance [sth], balance [sth] on [sth] vtr (place precariously)小心翼翼地放…以保持平衡，小心翼翼地将…稳当地放在…上The hiker balanced his water bottle on a rock.徒步者小心地将水杯稳稳地放在石头上。balance [sth] with [sth], balance [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep (offset)用…平衡…，用…来补偿…；用…来抵消…Mindy balanced her long hours at work with a visit to the spa.明迪用做水疗来平衡长时间工作。balance [sth] vtr (debits, credits: equalize)结平（账目），把（账）做平The firm's accountant always balances the debits and credits.公司会计总是把账做平。balance [sth] vtr (create harmony in)调和；使…协调Sheila is trying to balance the energy in her house using Feng Shui.bale [sth] vtr (bundle: hay, straw, etc.)捆；将...打包The farmer bales the hay and stores it in a barn as animal feed.balk at [sth], also UK: baulk at [sth] vi + prep (reject, recoil from)拒绝；犹豫The board of directors will certainly balk at this risky proposal.balk at [sth], also UK: baulk at [sth] vi + prep (refuse to go on or do)拒绝...Joanne balked at the thought of sharing a hotel room with Nancy again.balk at doing [sth], also UK: baulk at doing [sth] v expr (refuse to go on or do)拒绝做...The passenger balked at having to change seats because of the train company's error with her booking.balk [sth], also UK: baulk [sth] vtr (hinder)阻止His enemies tried everything they could to balk his scheme.他的敌人尽一切努力阻止他的计划。ballast [sth] vtr (ship: stabilize)给...装压舱物Part of the crew is responsible for ballasting the ship.部分船员负责给船装压舱物。ballot [sb/sth] vtr (select by vote)用投票方式选出；用投票方式决定The homeowners' association will ballot a new secretary soon since the previous one moved away.前任秘书搬走之后，业主协会即将投票选出新秘书。ballot for [sb/sth] vi + prep (make selection by vote)给...投票；就...投票The club will ballot for new officers at the next meeting.ballyhoo [sth] vtr US (publicize or promote loudly)大肆宣传...The government ballyhooed its new reforms but we're not seeing any real improvement.ban [sth] vtr (prohibit)禁止The city banned the sale of alcohol for fifty years.该市禁止销售酒类五十年。ban [sb] from doing [sth] v expr often passive (prohibit)禁止某人做某事Students are banned from chewing gum in class at this school.这所学校禁止学生上课嚼口香糖。ban [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep (expel, exclude)禁止某人进入某地After he was caught stealing books, Richie was banned from the library.瑞奇偷书被抓后，被禁止再进入图书馆。band [sth], band [sth] with [sth] vtr (tie)捆扎；绑，系He banded the package with a thick string.band [sth], band [sth] with [sth] vtr (mark with a band)给...系上标记Band the stalks of the flowers you want to buy.bandsaw [sth] vtr (cut with band saw)锯bandage [sth] vtr (injury: cover with bandage)用绷带绑扎The doctor bandaged the wound on his patient's arm to prevent infection.医生用绷带绑扎了病人的胳膊，防止感染。bandy [sth] vtr (words, etc.: exchange) (指谣言等)传播，散布The men sat in the pub, sipping pints and bandying views.那些男人坐在酒吧里，边啜饮着酒边发表见解。bang [sth] vtr (hit, knock [sth])重击；猛击The noisy courtroom became quiet when the judge banged the gavel.法官猛击木锤，嘈杂的法庭安静了下来。bang [sth] vtr (close noisily)砰地一声关上Be careful not to bang the door!关门的时候轻一点！bang into [sb/sth] vi + prep (collide with, bump into) (某人)遇到, 碰见； (某物)撞到, 撞上Sara banged into the table, bruising her knee.莎拉不小心撞到桌子，碰青了膝盖。bang [sth] vtr (propel by hitting)猛击；猛打Leah banged it out of the park--it's a home run!bang [sth] vtr UK (make stock prices fall) (股票)使...价格下降，使...价格下跌bang [sth] vtr (sell stocks quickly) (股票)抛售bang [sth] vtr US (cut hair in fringe)将...剪出刘海Did you see Rachel? She banged her hair yesterday.bang [sth] vtr (crop horse's tail)修剪（马的）尾巴Before the horse show, the groom banged the horses' tails.banish [sth] vtr figurative (dispel, expel an emotion) (情绪)祛除, 甩掉Her reassurances finally banished my anxiety.她的安慰最终让我消除了不安。bank [sth] vtr (deposit)将…存入银行；存储I'll bank the day's receipts.bank [sth] vtr colloquial (save) (口语)把（钱）存起来She banked the money that she won in the lottery instead of spending it.bank [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (fire: cover)用...将...扑灭； (指火焰等)用...将...覆盖Bank the fire with sand before you go into your tent.进帐篷之前，你应当用沙子将火扑灭。bank [sth] vtr (mound up)在…堆积（泥土）；给...填土When planting the seedlings, you should bank soil around their roots.bank on [sth/sb], bank upon [sth/sb] vi + prep figurative (rely, bet)依靠；指望I'm banking on the stock market recovering; otherwise I won't have enough retirement funds.bank at [sth], bank with [sth] vi + prep (have an account with: a bank) (银行)在…开户He banks at Citibank.他在花旗银行开了户。bank [sth] up, bank up [sth] vtr + adv (make pile of [sth])堆…；堆积…bankroll [sth] vtr (finance)资助bankrupt of [sth] adj + prep figurative (lacking good qualities)完全丧失...的；完全没有...的Those who criticize her lifestyle are bankrupt of any sort of empathy.那些批评她生活方式的人是完全没有同理心的。bankrupt of [sth] adj + prep UK (lacking in)缺乏...的；...不足的Based on his poor life choices, Shane must be bankrupt of intelligence.就看他差劲的人生选择，肖恩一定是个缺乏才智的人。bankrupt [sb/sth] vtr (ruin financially)使...破产This mistake will bankrupt the company.这个错误会使公司破产的。banner [sth] vtr (display, proclaim prominently)打广告；公布The newspapers bannered the announcement on their front pages.报纸在他们的首页发布这则通知。baptize [sb] [sth], also UK: baptise [sb] [sth] vtr often passive (christen, name)给…授以教名The priest baptised the little girl Eleanor.牧师为这个小女孩取名为埃莉诺。bar, bar of [sth] n (snack: block of [sth]) (小吃、零食等)（一）块，（一）条Sandy treated herself to a bar of chocolate. I usually have a cereal bar for breakfast.桑迪奖励了自己一块巧克力。我早餐一般吃一块杂粮棒。bar [sb] from doing [sth] vtr + prep often passive (exclude, ban from doing [sth])禁止某人做某事The judge barred Lewis from driving for a year.法官禁止路易斯开车一年。bar [sth] vtr (shut with a bar)闩住；锁住；栓住For safety, Simon bars his door every night.bar [sth] vtr (obstruct)堵住；封堵The security officers barred the entrance to the bank.bar [sth] vtr (draw stripes on)在...上画条纹I am going to paint this wall white, then bar it in black.bar [sth] vtr (shut in or out)挡住；堵住；封锁All of the exits had been barred, and there was no way to escape.所有的出口都被封锁了，逃不掉了。barbarize [sth], also UK: barbarise [sth] vtr (make [sth] less civilized) (事物)使变粗俗barbecue [sth] vtr (cook outdoors)在户外烧烤You barbecue the burgers and I'll make a salad.barbecue [sth] vtr (cook in strong sauce)用烧烤汁烧烤Let's barbecue the chicken instead of baking it tonight.bare [sth] vtr (uncover, show)透露，使公开；揭露Before long, the truth will be bared to all.不久之后就将真相大白。bare of [sth] adj + prep (devoid of [sth])没有barely see [sth] adv + vtr (have difficulty seeing)几乎看不见备注: Usually preceded by "can"She could barely see the road through the thick snow.bargain over [sth] vi + prep (haggle over price)就…讨价还价，就…讲价The two farmers went back and forth bargaining over the cow.两个农夫就那头牛的价格前前后后讲了好几次价。bargain [sth] for [sth] vtr + prep (exchange, pay for [sth])用...换...Frank bargained his old truck for a tractor.弗兰克用自己的旧卡车换了一辆拖拉机。barge into [sb/sth] vi + prep informal (shove)撞，推挤I was standing at the bus stop when some idiot barged into me and knocked me off my feet.barge into [sth] vi + prep informal (enter rudely, uninvited)冲进；闯进barge into [sth] vi + prep informal, figurative (interrupt)插话Don't barge into her conversation; wait till she's done talking and then you may speak.barge your way into [sth] v expr (enter by force, pushing)强行闯入某处Sarah has a bad habit of barging her way into places.barge your way through [sth] v expr informal (move forcefully, push)通过...挤过去You can't simply barge your way through the crowd like that.bark [sth] vtr figurative (orders, etc. shout)大声喊叫；厉声说出；大声喝令Will barked orders to his assistants all morning.威尔整个早上都在大声对他助理发号施令。a barrage of [sth] n figurative (torrent of: questions, abuse, etc.)一连串；一大堆The suspect endured a barrage of questions during the investigation.在调查过程中，嫌疑犯熬过了一系列问题。barrage [sb/sth] vtr (shoot artillery fire)以密集炮火进攻Enemy fire barraged the scout party.敌人的炮火集中攻击侦察队。barrage [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep figurative (subject to: questions, etc.)向…问一大堆问题The police barraged the child with questions about what he witnessed.警方就目击情况向那个孩子问了一系列问题。barren of [sth] adj + prep (lacking)缺乏的；缺少的Critics found the film to be barren of interesting material.barricade [sth] vtr (block, obstruct)设路障阻挡；阻拦The prisoners barricaded the doors with tables and chairs in protest at poor living conditions.囚犯用桌椅挡住门以示对生活条件差的抗议。barrier to [sth] n figurative (obstruction: to progress, etc.) (比喻)障碍The manager's disapproval is a real barrier to the plan.经理的反对是该计划真正的障碍。barter for [sth] vi + prep (haggle)为…讨价还价；就…砍价；就…讲价Fiona bartered for a hand-woven blanket.菲奥娜为了一块手工毛毯讨价还价。barter [sth] for [sth] vtr + prep (trade, exchange)以物换物；物物交换The refugees were obliged to barter their personal belongings for food.难民被迫用他们的私人物品以物换物获得食品。base [sth] on [sth], base [sth] upon [sth] vtr + prep often passive (use as evidence)某事以…为根据；某事以…为依据备注: "Base on" is more common than "base upon." These expressions are often used in the passive voice--e.g., "My opinion is based on facts, not rumor."She based her conclusion on close examination of the evidence.她的结论建立在对证据仔细检验的基础上。base [sth] on [sth], base [sth] upon [sth] vtr + prep (adapt from)让...以...为根据；让...建立在...的基础上备注: "Base on" is more common than "base upon." These expressions are often used in the passive voice--e.g., "The movie is based on a true story."They will base the film on a short story written by Mark Twain.他们会根据马克·吐温写的一个短篇故事来拍摄这部影片。be based on [sth] v expr (be founded on [sth])建立在…上；以…为基础His political ideas are based on his conservative beliefs.Ideally, your decision should be based upon sound reasoning.他的政治理念是以其保守信念为基础。理想情况是您的决定应以合理推论为基础。be based on [sth], be based upon [sth] v expr (be adapted from [sth])改编自；基于Many movies are based on true stories.The play is based on the novel of the same name.很多电影改编自真实故事。// 这个剧本是改编自同名小说。based on [sth], based upon [sth] expr (founded on)建立在…的基础上Some countries have laws based upon state religions.based on [sth], based upon [sth] expr (adapted from [sth])基于；以…为根据Based on a true story.baseline [sth] vtr US, informal (establish reference point)建立…参考点；建立…基准点bash [sth/sb] vtr literal, informal (hit hard)重击；重打The toddler accidentally bashed her babysitter with a toy.那个幼童不小心用玩具重重打到了保姆的头。bash [sb/sth] vtr informal, figurative (criticize severely) (比喻)抨击；严厉批评Hector bashed the presentation for nearly an hour afterwards.演示结束后，海克托抨击了将近一个小时。bash into [sth/sb] vi + prep informal (collide with)撞上；撞到Walter neglected to watch where he was going and bashed into a wall.沃尔特走路时不小心看路，还撞到墙上了。bash [sth] vtr informal (dent)把...撞出凹坑；把...撞出凹痕Another driver bashed my car in the parking lot.bask in [sth] vi + prep (enjoy exposure to: light, warmth) (阳光下)沐浴在；晒太阳Meerkats enjoy basking in the sun.bastardize [sth], also UK: bastardise [sth] vtr (corrupt, debase)使…变低劣；使…退化Some people think that texting jargon is bastardizing the English language.baste [sth] vtr (moisten during cooking) (烘、烤食物时)往…上抹油When roasting a turkey, you should baste it every half an hour.在烤火鸡时，你需要每隔半小时为其上油。baste [sth] vtr (sewing: tack, stitch loosely) (缝纫)粗缝，用长针脚疏缝The tailor basted a removable label inside the jacket's lapel.裁缝将可拆卸的标签缝在夹克翻领的内侧。bastion of [sth] n figurative, often ironic (stronghold or defender of [sth])据点，堡垒The party leader referred to his opponent jokingly as a bastion of honesty.该政党领导人被其反对派戏称为诚信的捍卫者。bat [sth] vtr (hit [sth])用球棒打Emily batted a pop-fly to left field.艾米丽朝左外野击出一记高飞球。batch [sth] vtr (send in groups)批处理，分批助理This program will batch the data in compressed files.该程序将对压缩文件中的数据进行批处理。batch [sth] vtr (process as a bundle)对...进行批处理You will save time if you batch the files before copying them to a new location.bate [sth] vtr archaic (restrain or restrict)压制bath [sb/sth] vtr UK (bathe: wash in a tub) (在浴缸里)给...洗澡Fiona checked the temperature of the water before bathing the baby.菲奥娜在给婴儿洗澡前检查了水温。bathe [sth] vtr (cleanse, soothe [sth] with liquid) (用药液等)冲洗，浸泡Bathe the wound with hydrogen peroxide twice a day.每天用双氧水冲洗伤口两次。bathe [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep (immerse)在…里浸泡；将…浸泡在…中Bathe the chicken in a mixture of water, salt, vinegar, and brown sugar.将鸡浸泡在水、盐、醋和红糖混合液中。bathe [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep figurative, usually passive (immerse in sunlight) (比喻说法，指在阳光中)沐浴The room was bathed in warm sunlight.整个房间沐浴在温暖的阳光中。bathe in [sth] vi + prep figurative (relish)沐浴在...；被笼罩在...Lena bathed in the praise showered upon her after her performance in the play.batten [sth] vtr (secure closed, fasten)用木板固定某物Mark battened his house's windows to prepare it for the hurricane.马克用木条加固他房子的窗户，以应对飓风的到来。batten on [sth], batten upon [sth] vi + prep rare (grow fat on)养肥The sheep are battening well on the rich grass in the meadow.batten on [sth], batten upon [sth] vi + prep (feed greedily on)贪吃The revellers sat down at the table and battened upon the food.batter [sb/sth] vtr (hit repeatedly)不断击打Hail battered the cars in the parking lot.冰雹不断击打着停车场的车。batter [sth] vtr (cover with batter)糊上面糊We batter the shrimp before deep-frying them.我们给虾糊上面糊，然后用油炸。a battery of [sth] n figurative (large number: of [sth])许多；大量The patient underwent a battery of medical tests.患者在医院做了大量的检查。battle [sb/sth] vtr (fight: person, group)和…搏斗They battled the enemy for two weeks.他们和敌人搏斗了两个星期。battle [sth] vtr figurative (struggle against [sth])与…抗争（从而争取到）He's battling cancer.他正在与癌症做斗争。battle against [sth] vi + prep figurative (strenuously oppose) (与事)与…做斗争，与…抗争He battled in vain against the factory closures.battledore [sth] vtr (toss back and forth)把...扔来扔去bay for [sth] vi + prep figurative (demand noisily)厉声要求；吼叫着要求The angry crowd were baying for the suspect's incarceration.BBQ [sth] vtr written, informal, initialism (barbecue: cook on outdoor grill) (非正式用语，首字母缩略语)烧烤；烤be a part of [sth] v expr (be involved)参与；成为...的一部分Taking part in the protest made John feel that he was a part of something big.be a stumbling block to [sth] v expr figurative (hinder progress)成为绊脚石The issue proved to be a stumbling block during the peace talks.be accustomed to [sth] v expr (be familiar with [sth])习惯于I grew up in India, so I am accustomed to spicy food.be accustomed to doing [sth] v expr (be used to doing [sth])习惯于；对...习以为常be across [sth] vi + prep UK, AU, informal (be informed about)告知；使...知晓We need to make sure all team members are across these changes.be afoul of [sth/sb] v expr (be in conflict with [sth] or [sb])有冲突；相抵触The defendant was well aware that in accepting the bribe, he was afoul of the law.被告很清楚，他接受贿赂的行为是违法的。be aimed at [sth/sb] v expr (be intended for)目的在于；被用于This series of videos is aimed at preschool-aged children.be allowed to do [sth] v expr (have permission to)被允许；可以If you do not have your passport, you will not be allowed to enter the country. Once they had finished their exams, the students were allowed to leave.如果你没有带护照，你将无法进入该国。学生完成考试后可离去。be bogged down in/by [sth] v expr figurative (encumbered or oppressed) (比喻)陷入，被陷在The lawyer was bogged down in paper work.be descended from [sth] v expr (have evolved from)由…进化而来；起源于The domestic dog is descended from the wolves of Europe and Asia.be duly informed of [sth] v expr (be notified of [sth])被告知When he was arrested, Gary was duly informed of his rights by the policeman.be equivalent to [sth] v expr (be the same as)等同于；相当于What you just did is equivalent to stealing.be equivalent to [sth] v expr (equal, equate to)等于A litre is equivalent to 0.264 US gallons.be faithful to [sth] v expr (adhere closely to)忠实于Try to be faithful to your principles.be followed by [sth/sb] v expr (precede, come before)在…之前；先于The calm is always followed by the storm.be headed for [sth] (US), be heading for [sth] (UK) v expr (be going towards [sth])前往，朝…出发The tour group is currently headed for Central Park, located in the center of Manhattan.be headed for [sth] (US), be heading for [sth] (UK) v expr figurative (have [sth] as likely consequence)很可能招致，很可能面临They are heading for disaster; the company has run out of cash and they have no assets to sell.be hell on [sb/sth] v expr (cause extreme difficulty)让...尝尝厉害；给...点颜色看看be in contact with [sb/sth] v expr (communicate with)与...联系The man suspected of the bombing attack had been in contact with a foreign terrorist organization.be in contact with [sth] v expr (touch)与...接触I develop a rash if my skin is in contact with nickel for too long.be in for the long haul, be in [sth] for the long haul v expr (be committed to [sth] long-term)长期投入；长期专注be known for [sth] vtr (be identified or famous for)因…而出名That restaurant is known for its excellent seafood.be led by [sth] v expr (be guided)由…引导；遵循...的指导I will be led by my doctor's advice.be led to do [sth] v expr (be prompted)引向We were led to believe that the chemical was not dangerous, but it turned out to be highly toxic.be named after [sth/sb], be named for [sth/sb] v expr (be given the same name as)以…命名I was named after my mother's best friend. The park was named for the town's mayor.我以我母亲最好的朋友的名字来取名。这个公园以该城镇市长的名字命名。be of a mind to do [sth] v expr (be disposed to do [sth])有做某事的想法；有意做某事be out to do [sth] v expr informal (aim, be determined to)设法做某事；试图做某事The candidate is out to make her opponent look weak and unreliable.be out to [sth] v expr (cricket: lose wicket) (板球)出局John was out to a fast ball from the bowler.be powered by [sth] v expr (run or function on)由…供能，由…驱动Most cars are powered by petrol.be said to be [sth] vtr (be described as)据说是…It´s said to be a very good restaurant.be set to do [sth] v expr (be ready to: do [sth])准备好做We were all set to leave, but Ann made us wait while she looked for her cell phone.be tainted by [sth] v expr figurative (experience: be spoiled by [sth])被…败坏的； (体验等)被…破坏的；被...搞砸的My memories of the wedding are tainted by the argument that broke out at the reception.be the death of [sth] v expr figurative (cause the decline of [sth])使...消逝Online news may prove to be the death of print media.be the life and soul of [sth], be the heart and soul of [sth] v expr figurative (be the source of animation, vitality)...的灵魂人物；...的核心人物be the same as [sth/sb] vtr (be identical to)与…相同The blouse that I wore was the same as my sister's. Christmas dinner was the same as always: ham, potatoes, and salad.我穿的衬衫与我姐妹的相同。圣诞晚餐一直以来都一样：火腿、土豆和色拉。be the soul of [sth], be the very soul of [sth] v expr (personify or exemplify [sth])成为...的灵魂；成为...的精髓Mother Teresa was the very soul of Christian charity.be to do [sth] v expr (be supposed to do [sth])应该Students, you're to arrive at 8:00 so that we can take a group photo.同学们，你们应该8:00集合照集体照。be used to [sth/sb] v expr (familiar with) (事物)习惯于, 对…习以为常； (人)对…很熟悉, 习惯了Jen is used to noise; she has six children.珍习惯了吵吵闹闹，因为她有六个孩子。be used to doing [sth] v expr (accustomed to doing)习惯于做某事I'm used to skipping lunch because I'm always so busy.因为我总是很忙，所以我习惯不吃午饭。be willing to do [sth] vtr (agree freely to)自愿去…；愿意…I'm willing to finish the report myself, but you'll have to give me more time.我愿意自主完成那份报告，不过你得多给我些时间。be wont to do, be wont to do [sth] v expr formal (be in the habit of doing)习惯于做某事the be-all and end-all of [sth], the be-all end-all of [sth] expr (most important part or goal)最重要的；最核心的Helping kids to make the best of themselves should be the be-all and end-all of education.beach [sth] vtr often passive (wash up onto beach)把…冲上岸，使…搁浅，把…拖上岸The whale was beached off the coast of Scotland.The crew beached the boat and went ashore.这条鲸鱼被冲上苏格兰海岸。// 船员将船拖上岸。bead [sth] vtr (attach beads)用珠装饰Leah beaded her purse in bright colors.利亚用珠子装饰她的亮色钱包。bead of [sth] n figurative (droplet) (量词)滴Beads of dew decorated the grass on that summer morning.那个夏日的早晨，露珠点缀了草地。beaded with [sth] adj + prep figurative (covered with droplets)带小滴液体的Jack was panting and his face was beaded with sweat.杰克气喘吁吁，连上挂满了汗珠。beam [sth] vtr informal (image: transmit) (图像)传播，传送Traffic came to a stop when an image of a gun was beamed onto an overpass.当一幅枪支的图像被投射到天桥上时，交通就停止了。beam [sth] vtr (transmit signal)发出...的信号；发送...的信号With this device, we can beam our radio show all the way to China.通过这台设备，我们能将我们广播节目的信号一路发送到中国去。beaming with [sth] adj + prep figurative (person: smiling with pride, etc.)面带笑容；面带...表情I was beaming with pride as I watched my son's graduation.beaming with [sth] adj + prep figurative (face: bearing a smile of pride, etc.)因...感到自豪而笑bear [sth] vtr (support weight)支撑；支持；承受The bridge must bear the weight of the cars and trucks.桥梁必须要承受得住各类车辆的重量才行。bear [sth] vtr (endure [sth])承受；忍受He could hardly bear the suspense.他急着想知道结果，简直忍受不了。bear [sth] vtr (produce flowers, fruit)结（果）；开（花）This plant bears pink flowers in the spring.在经过数年干旱后，这棵苹果树终于结果了。bear [sth] vtr (give birth to: a child)生（孩子）The queen bore fourteen children, but only three survived childhood.女王生下十四个孩子，不过只有三个孩子活了下来。bear [sb] [sth] vtr (give [sb] with an heir)给…生（孩子）The Queen bore her husband three daughters.女王给丈夫生了三个女儿。bear [sth] vtr (withstand, stand up to)经得起（审查），经得住（推敲）He knew his alibi would bear scrutiny, so he had no problem telling it to the detectives.他知道自己的不在场证明经得起审查，所以毫不犹豫地告诉了侦探。bear [sth/sb] vtr (carry [sth], [sb])运送；携带；负荷The donkey had to bear the load to the camp.bear [sth] vtr (assume)承担；担负I will bear the responsibility for my decisions.bear [sth] vtr (ill will, resentment: harbor)怀有；持有George doesn't bear any ill will towards people whose views are completely different from his own.对于那些与自己观点截然相反的人，乔治也不会怀有任何恶意。bear [sth] vtr (display, show [sth])显示；显露；表现The warrior's face bore several deep scars.这战士的脸上有着几道深深的伤疤。bear [sth] vtr (have: name, title)拥有（姓名、称号）；以（某人的名字）命名He bears his father's name.他以父亲的名字命名。bear [sth] vtr (finance: attempt to lower price) (证券)卖空The brokers were trying to bear the stocks.经纪人正试图卖空股票。bear a grudge against [sb] for [sth] v expr (be resentful)因某事对某人怀恨在心Julie bears a grudge against her neighbour for cutting down a hedge that was actually on Julie's property.bear in mind that, bear [sth] in mind v expr (consider, take into account)记住，牢记Bear in mind that we already have an enormous sum invested in the project.请牢记，我们已经往该项目投资了一大笔资金。bear no resemblance to [sth/sb] v expr (be totally unlike)与…完全不像The boy bears no resemblance to his father or his other brother.bear testament to [sth], be testament to [sth] v expr (confirm, be evidence of [sth])证明；是…的明证The examination results bear testament to everyone's hard work.bear the brunt of [sth], take the brunt of [sth] v expr (take the worst of [sth]'s impact)承受…的打击bear the cost of [sth] v expr (pay)支付...的费用bear the expense of [sth] v expr (pay)支付...的费用Her father is bearing the expense of the wedding.bear upon [sth] vi + prep formal (be relevant)与...有关；相关How will these new findings bear upon our approach to educating children?bear witness to [sth] vtr + n (testify)作证；证明beat [sth] vtr (strike, pound)打；敲；击He beat the desk with his fist to try to get his point across.他用他的拳头敲桌子，尝试让大家能理解他的观点。beat [sth] vtr (eggs: whisk) (蛋)快速搅拌（蛋液等），打（蛋）Before you scramble eggs, you have to beat them.在炒鸡蛋前，要先将其打散。beat [sth] vtr (wings: flap)拍打（翅膀），扇动（翅膀）A hummingbird beats its wings many times a second.蜂鸟每秒扇动翅膀很多次。beat [sth] vtr slang (be preferable)好过；优于；超过Nothing beats a chocolate cake fresh from the oven.没有比刚出炉的新鲜巧克力蛋糕更好的东西了。beat doing [sth] vtr slang (be preferable)比…好，比…强；胜过Playing in a band as a professional musician beats doing a boring office job. Sitting here in the coffee shop with you sure beats working!跟你一起坐在这家咖啡馆里当然比工作好啦！作为一名专业的音乐人在乐队里演奏，胜过一份枯燥的办公室工作。beat [sth] vtr (tap out: a rhythm)有节奏地敲打The drummer beat the rhythm on the bass drum.beat [sth] vtr (metal: flatten) (金属)反复敲打，捶打The craftsman beat the piece of metal until it was very thin.beat [sb] to [sth] vtr (arrive before)领先…到达；比…先到达Thompson beat the other runners to the finish line.汤普森比其他赛跑选手先到达终点。beat [sth] vtr (hunting: rouse game) (协助打猎)敲打灌木；扫灌木丛A group of local boys were paid to beat the undergrowth for pheasants.beat [sb/sth] hollow, also US: beat [sb/sth] all hollow v expr (defeat)彻底打败；大获全胜beat [sb/sth] off, beat off [sb/sth] vtr + adv (repel, fight back)击退；赶走The pensioner fought back and succeeded in beating off his attackers.beat off [sth], beat [sth] off vtr + adv figurative (defeat)击退；打退；逐走He managed to beat off intense criticism from both left and right en route to the nomination.beat the crap out of [sb/sth] v expr slang, figurative, vulgar (beat physically) (俚语)锤爆；打扁He threatened to beat the crap out of me if I didn't pay him by the end of the week.beat the drum for [sth] v expr figurative (promote)极力鼓吹The environmental activist goes around the world beating the drum for energy reform.beat the s*** out of [sb/sth] v expr slang, figurative, vulgar (beat physically) (比喻义、俗语)把…打得屁滚尿流，把…打出屎来We got into a fistfight and he beat the s*** out of me.beat [sb/sth] to death v expr (cause death by hitting repeatedly)殴打致死；打死The thieves beat the man to death in order to steal his wallet.beautify [sth/sb] vtr (adorn, make beautiful)美化；使…变美The council wants to beautify the town's ugliest spots by planting flowers.市政会想通过栽种花卉来美化城镇最不堪入目的地点。becalm [sth] vtr (ship: make motionless) (航海)因无风而停驶becalm [sth] vtr (make calmer or still)使平静；使安静；使静止beckon [sb] to do [sth] v expr (call, summon to do)示意；召唤The king beckoned his servant to bring him a drink.国王召唤他的仆人去为他拿喝的。becloud [sth] vtr (confuse, obscure)蒙蔽；迷惑become [sth/sb] vi (grow to be [sth], [sb])变成；成为；变得That client is becoming quite a problem.那位客户变得让人很难伺候。become [sth] vtr (change into [sth], [sb])改变成为…，变成…，变为…The caterpillar became a moth.毛毛虫变成了蛾子。become a member of [sth] v expr (join: a group, club)加入；成为...的一员become accustomed to [sth] v expr (become familiar with [sth])习惯于；适应become accustomed to doing [sth] v expr (become used to doing [sth])习惯于做某事；适应做某事become acquainted with [sth] v expr figurative (familiarize yourself with [sth])熟悉It takes some time to become acquainted with the rules of the game.become attached to [sb/sth] v expr figurative (grow fond of)依恋；恋慕At first I didn't like him, but I've since become really attached to that dog.become aware of [sth/sb] v expr (notice)开始认识到；开始意识到Sheila became aware of someone following her.bed [sth] vtr (lay flat)把…放平；使…卧倒To make the garden path, Lucy bedded the stone tiles into the ground.为建花园小路，露西将石瓦铺入地面。bed [sth] vtr (place in a layer)将…放入一层…中If you bed the glasses in straw it will protect them.bed [sth] vtr (horticulture: plant) (园艺)把…栽入苗床，在苗圃中培育It is time to bed out the seedlings.bedaub [sth] vtr (cover or smear with [sth])涂抹；涂污；弄脏bedeck [sth] vtr (adorn, decorate)装扮；装饰bedevil [sb/sth] vtr literary (plague, trouble)使…折磨；使…苦恼；使…困扰Financial problems have bedevilled the project since it was first announced.自这个项目第一次公布以来，一直受到财政问题的困扰。bedew [sth] vtr literary (moisten with dewdrops) (露水)沾湿bedight [sth] vtr archaic (decorate)装饰bedim [sth] vtr literary (dull, make dim) (书面语)使变暗，使不清楚；遮蔽bedizen [sth] vtr (bedeck, decorate)华丽地装饰；俗气地打扮bedraggle [sth/sb] vtr (make soggy and dirty)使...又脏又湿；把...弄得稀脏the bedrock of [sth] n figurative (solid foundation)根基，根底，基础，基本事实My wife and children are the bedrock of my life; I don't know what I would do without them.我的妻子和孩子是我生活的根本，如果没有他们，我不知道该做什么。beef about [sth] vi + prep mainly US, slang (complain) (俚语)抱怨，因为…发牢骚He's always beefing about work.他总是抱怨自己的工作。beep [sth] vtr (horn: sound) (喇叭)使…发出嘟嘟声Drivers caught in the traffic jam were beeping their horns in frustration.陷入交通阻塞的司机非常受挫，不断按着喇叭发出嘟嘟声。befit [sth/sb] vtr formal (be appropriate to) (正式用语)适合于，合适，适宜The princess does a lot of work for charity, as befits a member of the royal family.befog [sth] vtr figurative (confuse, obscure) (比喻)使迷惑，使糊涂befoul [sth] vtr (soil, dirty)弄脏；污染；玷污beg [sb] to do [sth] v expr (plead with [sb] to do [sth])恳求某人做某事She begged her parents to buy her the toy.她求父母给她买那个玩具。beg [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (implore [sb] for [sth])乞求；恳求；哀求He keeps begging his mother for a new phone, but she says she can't afford it.他乞求母亲给他买台新手机，但是他母亲说她买不起。beg [sth] vtr (request food, money)乞讨；讨要It was a poor city and there were people begging money on almost every street corner.那是个贫穷的城市，基本每个街角都有人乞讨。beg [sth] from [sb] vtr + prep (request food, money)向某人乞讨某物The poor boy begged food and money from strangers on the street.这名贫困的男孩在街上向陌生人讨要食物和钱。beg for [sth] vi + prep (plead to obtain)乞求；哀求beget [sth] vtr figurative, formal (lead to, create)导致，引起Alcoholic drink begets sin.含酒精饮料会催生罪恶。begin [sth] vtr (start: an activity)开始Liz begins her homework as soon as she gets home.丽兹一回到家便开始做家庭作业。begin [sth] vtr (start off)使开始The priest begins the church service with a song.牧师以一首歌开始了教会崇拜活动。begin doing [sth] vtr (start: doing)开始做某事In any discussion, Wendy is always first to begin disagreeing.不管讨论什么，温迪总是第一个开始提反对意见的。begin to do [sth] vi + prep (start: to do)开始做The water began to boil in the pan.锅里的水沸了。begin by doing [sth] vi + prep (do first)从做…开始When learning a new recipe, it is best to begin by reading all the way through.begrime [sth] vtr (soil, make dirty)弄脏；污染begrudge [sb] [sth] vtr (resent, envy)嫉妒；嫉恨I don't begrudge Lisa her success; she has worked hard for it.我并不嫉妒丽萨的成功，她一直为之努力工作。beguile [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (deceive)欺骗；哄骗；蒙骗In Greek mythology, the gods beguiled Heracles into killing his own family.在希腊神话中，众神欺骗赫拉克勒斯杀死他自己的家人。on behalf of [sb/sth], on [sb/sth]'s behalf, also US: in behalf of [sb/sth], in [sb/sth]'s behalf prep (in place of [sb])代表；站在…的立场备注: "On behalf of, on sb/sth's behalf" is currently much more common than "in behalf of, in sb/sth's behalf."I'm phoning on behalf of my daughter, who has lost her voice.The millionaire sent somebody to bid on the painting on his behalf.behold [sth] vtr literary (see, observe) (书面语)看见；看到We were in awe when we first beheld the Rocky Mountains.第一次看到落基山脉，我们都惊呆了。behoove [sb] to do [sth] (US), behove [sb] to do [sth] (UK) v expr (be right or necessary)对…有必要做；理应做…It behooves me to acknowledge the debt I owe to my precedessor in this role.bejewel [sth] vtr literary (adorn with precious stones)以珠宝装饰备注: American English: bejeweled, bejeweling; British English: bejewelled, bejewellingPrecious stones bejewelled the queen's crown.贵重宝石被用于装饰女王的王冠。belabor [sth] (US), belabour [sth] (UK) vtr (overwork, overstate [sth])过多地讨论；反复讨论belay [sth/sb] vtr (secure with a rope)用绳子栓牢；把…系住；belch [sth] vtr (expel in a gush)喷射；喷出；涌出The volcano is belching smoke and ash over the city below.火山喷出浓烟和灰烬，笼罩着山下的城市。belch of [sth] n (gush or burst of [sth])喷出；喷射A belch of exhaust fumes came out of the tailpipe.beleaguer [sb/sth] vtr (surround with military)围困；困扰belie [sth] vtr (give a false impression of)掩饰Clive's youthful looks belie his years of experience as a teacher.belie [sth] vtr (contradict)证明…不正确；与…相冲突Ron's calm facial expression belies his jittery hands.罗恩冷静的面部表情与他紧张不安的双手不相符。believe [sth] vtr (trust)相信；信任I never believe the TV weather forecast.我从不相信电视的气象播报。believe in doing [sth] v expr (advocate doing)相信做某事的好处，相信做某事的效用；支持做…I believe in giving to charities that keep their administrative costs to a minimum.我支持捐款给那些保持最低管理费用的慈善机构。belittle [sth] vtr (minimize importance of)降低...的重要性；轻视He belittled the budget shortfall as if it didn't matter.他并不重视预算不足，好像这事一点都没关系。the belle of [sth] n dated (most charming girl present)最美的女人，最美的女孩When she was younger, Emily was the belle of the town. Cinderella was the belle of the ball.当她年轻的时候，艾米丽是这个镇最美的姑娘。辛德瑞拉是舞会中最美的那一位。bellow [sth] vtr (person: shout) (人)吼叫，咆哮Mr. Smith bellowed, "Take your seats now!"史密斯先生吼道：“马上坐下！”belly [sth] vtr (swell)使…鼓起；使…凸出；使…张满bellyache about [sth] vi + prep slang (complain about [sth])抱怨；满腹牢骚Fred is always bellyaching about the long hours he has to work.belt [sth] vtr (tie a belt around)用带子系...一圈；用带子围绕...Christine belted her coat tightly around her.克莉丝汀把外套紧紧地裹在身上。belt [sth/sb] vtr (attach with a belt)把...用带子系上；拴住；用带子将...捆住备注: followed by a preposition: in, into, to, on, ontoClint belted the crates securely into the truck.克林特用带子将板条箱牢牢地捆在卡车里。belt [sb/sth] vtr figurative, informal (hit hard)狠抽，猛揍，暴打；猛击，猛撞"How dare you!" cried Isabel, and belted Alan across the face.“你怎么敢这样！”伊莎贝尔哭喊到，然后狠抽了艾伦一记耳光。bemire [sth] vtr (soil)弄脏；玷污；污损bemire [sth] vtr archaic (cause to sink into mud) (古语)使陷入泥沼bemoan [sth] vtr (complain about, regret)哀怨；对…哀哀不满Instead of bemoaning what's wrong in your life, you should be grateful for what you've got.与其抱怨生活不如意，你不如对你所获得的表示感激。bench [sth] vtr (show animal at contest)在动物展上展示...David is going to bench his sheep this year at the fair.今年，大卫要在动物展上展示自己的绵羊。benchmark [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep (measure against a standard)定标；以...作为...评价基准The state's department of education benchmarks their salary scale against those of other government agencies.该州教育部门把其他政府机构的薪级表作为评价他们薪级表的基准。bend [sth] vtr (make curved)使弯曲，将…掰弯The machine bent the metal bar at a sharp angle.机器将铁条掰歪成锐角。bend [sth] to [sth], bend [sth] toward [sth] vtr + prep (direct, turn)使…转向Alfie bent the lamp towards his book.阿尔菲将台灯转向他书本的方向。bend to [sth] vi + prep figurative (submit to)屈服于；投降于The warriors bent to the superior power of the outlaws that surrounded them.道高一尺，魔高一丈。战士们被强大的匪徒包围，被迫屈服了。bend [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep figurative (cause to submit, manipulate)使…屈从于…The king vowed to bend the rebel army to his will.国王发誓要使反叛军屈从于他的意志。bend over [sth/sb] vi + prep (lean over)趴在…上；伏在…上Sam bent over the fence to try to reach the ball which had landed in his neighbour's garden.萨姆趴在篱笆，尝试去够落在邻居院子里的那个球。bend [sth] over vtr + adv (fold)折叠；折起He bent over the corner of the page to mark his place in the book.他折了下书页角，记下他看到了哪里。bend over backward to do [sth] (US), bend over backwards to do [sth] (UK) v expr figurative (make every effort)尽力做某事Linda bent over backwards to please her boss.benefit from [sth] vi + prep (derive advantage)得益于；获益于；得利于The company will benefit from the growth in sales.公司会得益于销售额的增长。benefit [sb/sth] vtr (be of use)对…有用；使…受益；帮助The work of the volunteers benefits the community.志愿者的工作让社区受益良多。benefit [sb/sth] vtr (do good to)对…有好处；使…受益；有益于More exercise will benefit your body.bent on [sth] adj + prep (be determined)一心要…的；决意…的The victim's father is bent on revenge.bent on doing [sth] adj (be determined to do [sth])一心要做…的；决意要做…的That cousin of yours is bent on doing as much damage as he can.be bent on [sth] vtr (be determined about [sth])一心要…的；决意…的benumb [sth/sb] vtr (make numb)使麻木，使失去知觉；使反应迟钝benumbed by [sth] adj + prep literary (made numb by: cold, etc.)因...而麻木的bequeath [sth] vtr (property: leave in will)遗留；遗赠；立遗嘱将…赠予The man died poor and didn't have any property to bequeath.这个男人死时很穷，没有任何财物可供遗赠。bequeath [sb] [sth] vtr (property: leave to [sb] in will)遗赠给My great-aunt bequeathed me her antique wooden cabinet.bequeath [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (property: leave to [sb] in will)把...遗赠给The old lady surprised everyone by bequeathing all her worldly goods to her cat.bequeath [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep figurative (hand down) (后代)将…传给My mother bequeathed her jewelry to me and my sisters.我母亲将她的首饰传给我和我姐妹。bereave [sb] of [sth/sb] v expr (deprive [sb] of)剥夺；使...失去The First World War bereaved the couple of both their sons.bereft of [sth] adj + prep (person: deprived of [sth])被剥夺了…的；丧失了…的The game left me bereft of a hundred dollars.这个游戏让我失去了一百美元。bereft of [sth] adj + prep (devoid of [sth])缺乏…的；缺少…的Your latest idea is utterly bereft of common sense.berth [sth] vtr (moor, dock: a ship) (船)使...停泊The captain berthed the ship with ease.船长轻松地停泊了船。berth [sth] vtr (assign docking place)为…提供泊位beseech [sb] to do [sth] v expr literary (beg with [sb] to do) (文学)向...祈求The thief beseeched the king to spare him execution.beset [sth] vtr figurative (afflict)困扰Crime has beset the inner city for many years.be beset by [sth/sb] v expr (under attack: from enemy)被围攻的，被敌人包围的The campers were beset by a family of bears.露营者被一群熊包围了。be beset by [sth] v expr (surrounded by)被...包围的；被...围住的The farmhouse is beset by a dense forest.be beset by [sth] v expr figurative (assailed: by difficulties, doubts, etc.)包围Joan was suddenly beset by doubts as to her brother's motives.be beset with [sth] v expr (studded with jewels, etc.)嵌满...的；镶满...的The crown was beset with rubies and diamonds.王冠上镶满了红宝石和钻石。beside yourself with [sth] prep figurative (out of your senses)情绪失控的；精神失常的My mother was beside herself with worry when I didn't call.besiege [sth/sb] vtr (surround)包围，围住；围攻，围困Enemy troops besieged the castle.敌人的军队包围了城堡。besmear [sb/sth] vtr figurative, literary (defame, speak ill of)诋毁，败坏，诽谤besmear [sb/sth] vtr literary (soil, make dirty)弄脏，污染，玷污。besmirch [sth/sb] vtr figurative (tarnish, smear)诽谤，中伤，玷污…的名誉The scandal has besmirched the reputation of this previously highly respected man.该丑闻让这位之前深受尊敬的人名誉受损。bespangle [sth] vtr (decorate, make sparkly)用亮闪闪的东西装饰bespattered with [sth] adj + prep literary (covered with [sth])溅上…的bespeak [sth] vtr literary or formal (indicate)指出Her lined face bespoke a life of hardship.bespeak [sth] vtr archaic (order [sth] in advance)预订；预约best [sb/sth] vtr often passive (do better than, beat)胜过；超过After practicing every day, Marc bested his sister at their last tennis match.通过每天的练习，马克在上一场网球比赛中战胜了他的姐妹。best able to do [sth] expr (most capable of)在…方面最出色；在…方面最能干The promotion should go to the one best able to handle the responsibility.best before [sth] adj + prep (food: fresh until a specified date) (食物)在…前最佳Milk is best before the expiration date.bestow [sth] vtr formal (present, give: an award, gift)颁发；授予When will the queen bestow the award?女王什么时候颁发奖赏？bestow [sth] on [sb], bestow [sth] upon [sb] vtr + prep formal (present, give [sb]: an award, gift)给...颁发...，将…颁发给…；将...赠送给...；授予某人...The head of the Board of Education bestowed the Outstanding Teacher of the Year award on Mrs. Hall.The king bestowed knighthoods on his most loyal subjects.教育委员会主席给霍尔夫人颁发了年度杰出教师奖。//国王给最忠诚的臣民授予了爵位。bestrew [sth] vtr poetic (scatter about) (诗歌用语)散布, 撒满bestride [sth] vtr (straddle)骑；跨bet [sth] vtr (wager an amount)下…的注；以…打赌The odds are 11/2, so if you bet £2 and your horse wins, you'll get £11 back.赛马场上，瑞塔在一匹马上下了十美元的注。bet [sb] [sth] vtr (wager with [sb])与某人打某物的赌；与某人以某物打赌I'll bet you one hundred dollars.我跟你赌100美元。bet on [sth] vi + prep (place a wager on)在...押注；投注在...上Rita bet on a horse at the race track.丽塔在马场上押注了一匹马。bet on [sth] vi + prep figurative (be totally confident of)确信；断定My holiday starts tomorrow, so you can bet on it raining!我明天开始休假，明天绝对会下雨！bet against [sth] vi + prep (wager against [sth])打赌...不会赢；下注...会输Oscar lost his money because he bet against the winning horse.因为奥斯卡打赌不会赢的马是冠军，所以他输了钱。bet against [sth] vi + prep figurative (assume [sth] will fail)打赌...不会发生；断定...会失败I wouldn't bet against his getting the promotion.我敢打赌他一定会升职。bet the farm, bet the farm on [sth] v expr (risk everything)冒险；冒着风险I'm not going to bet the farm on such a risky investment.beta test [sth] vtr (software: trial again) (电脑硬件、软件发行上市前的试用)进行β测试The company is looking for volunteers to beta test the software upgrade.betake [sth] vtr archaic (take, move) (古语)使前往bethink [sth] vtr archaic (think, reflect) (古语)想, 思考, 考虑betide [sth/sb] vtr archaic (happen to) (古语)发生在…身上，将临到…头上betoken [sth] vtr (indicate or symbolize)预示；表示；象征betray [sb/sth] vtr (be disloyal)背叛 ， 出卖；失信于 ， 辜负Charles I of England was executed for betraying his country.英格兰查尔斯一世因为背叛自己的国家而被处决了。betray [sth] vtr (go against ideals)背叛（信仰、理想等）She refused to betray her own values by eating meat just to avoid offending her host.她不吃肉，拒绝为了不冒犯东家而背叛自己的理念。betray [sb/sth] vtr (expose treacherously)出卖；背叛Chad was betrayed by his best friend, and was subsequently arrested.查德被他最好的朋友出卖，之后被捕了。betray [sth] vtr figurative (reveal)泄露；暴露Though she smiled as she spoke, her quavering voice betrayed her fear.虽然她说话时面带微笑，但颤抖的声音泄露了她的恐惧。betray [sth] vtr figurative (indicate)显示，显露；表明The crack in the wall betrays the questionable structural integrity of the building.墙上的裂缝表明了这座楼的结构有问题。better [sth] vtr (improve)改善；提高She spent her life trying to better the living conditions of the poor.她一生致力于改善穷人的生活条件。better [sth] vtr (surpass)超过；胜过Let's see if I can better my previous score.the better part, the better part of [sth] n (most of [sth])一大半，…的大半部分，大部分They spent the better part of the vacation hiding from the rain.bevel [sth] vtr (cut on a slant)将...切出一个斜面The framer bevelled the edges of the mount.框架工人在基座上切出一个斜面。bevy of [sth] n (flock: of birds or animals) (指鸟类或动物)一群A bevy of quails was foraging for seeds.一群鹌鹑正在搜寻种子。bevy of [sth] n figurative (group: of people) (人)一群As the exonerated man emerged from the court, he was greeted by a bevy of reporters.被免罪的男人刚出现在法院，一群记者就涌了上来。bewail [sth] vtr (bemoan, lament)为…哀伤；为…悲痛beware of [sth/sb] vtr + prep (be careful, mistrustful)谨防；注意提防Beware of fraudulent emails requesting access to your bank details.注意提防那些请求获取你银行账户信息的诈骗邮件。beware [sth/sb] vtr (be careful, watch out)谨防；当心Beware the broken glass on the sidewalk.当心人行道上的碎玻璃。bewitch [sb/sth] vtr (cast spell on)施魔法于；下魔咒于In the past, people believed it was possible to bewitch somebody with a magic spell.过去，人们相信对某人施以魔法是可能的。bias for [sth/sb] n (inclination: in favour)偏心, 偏袒, 偏向His bias for attractive employees was obvious.他明显偏袒漂亮雇员。bias in favor of [sth/sb] (US), bias in favour of [sth/sb] (UK) n (inclination: in favor)偏袒The electoral system suffers from bias in favour of one particular party.选举存在偏见，偏向了其中一党。bias against [sth/sb] n (prejudice: against)对…的偏见；对…的成见；对…的歧视The manager was fired because of his bias against women.因为对女性的偏见，那个经理被开除了。bias [sb] in favor of [sb/sth] (US), bias [sb] in favour of [sb/sth] (UK) v expr (prejudice, influence in favor)某人因偏见而认同；某人因偏见而支持Steph's upbringing has biased her in favour of left-wing causes.由于成长过程中接受的教育，史蒂夫更加偏好左翼理念。bias [sb] against [sb/sth] vtr + prep (prejudice, influence [sb] against)使…对…产生偏见The media may have biased people against voting for Taylor.媒体可能让人们产生了偏见，导致人们未将选票投给泰勒。bias [sth] vtr (electronics: give a bias) (电子学)给…加偏压I biased the circuit to run from 1.0V to 5.0V.我把电路偏压从1.0V加到5.0V。bicker about [sth], bicker over [sth] vi + prep (quarrel about)为...争吵My brother and I often bicker over which TV channel we want to watch.bid [sth] for [sth] vtr + prep (auction: offer) (拍卖，买方)出价…买，喊价…买He bid one hundred euros for the painting at the auction.拍卖会上，他出价100欧元买那幅画。bid for [sth], bid to do [sth] vi + prep (offer services)为…喊价；为…出价；为…竞标Three construction companies are bidding for the prestigious contract.三家建筑公司都在为名声显赫的合约竞标。bid for [sth] vi + prep (compete)争取，争夺Twenty competitors are bidding for the title of "World's Strongest Man".20名竞争者都在争夺“世界最强壮男子”的头衔。bid [sb] (to) do [sth] vtr formal, dated (direct, command)要求；命令When your mother bids you tidy your room, do so.bid [sb] [sth] vtr (speak as greeting)对…说问候的话；向…致意The arriving guest bid his host a good evening.bid [sth] vtr (cards: make a bid) (纸牌游戏)叫（牌）He bid three tricks, though he was pretty sure that he could win more.bid on [sth] vi + prep (make an offer to buy [sth])出价购买Sheila bid on a vase at an auction.希拉在一场拍卖会上出价购买了一个花瓶。bid [sth] away vtr + adv (outbid [sb] for)以更高的出价得到；出更高的价格挖走bid [sth] farewell, bid farewell to [sth] v expr figurative (leave: a place)离开；告别In 1860, my great-grandfather bid farewell to his native Poland and emigrated to South Africa.bid [sth] farewell, bid farewell to [sth] v expr figurative (lose)失去；丧失With that defeat, the team bade farewell to their chances of winning the event.bid for [sth] vi + prep (make an offer to buy)投标；竞拍Sarah went to the auction and bid for lot number 305.bid [sb/sth] good riddance, bid good riddance to [sb/sth] v expr (get rid of [sb], [sth] undesirable)摆脱...是对的；让...走太好了be big on [sth], be big on doing [sth] v expr informal (be keen on, consider important)非常热衷；非常重视My maths teacher is big on learning by rote, so his lessons are pretty dull.bigger than [sb/sth] adj + conj (larger)比…大；比…高大When he gets older, he will be bigger than his father.bigger than [sb/sth] adj + conj figurative (more important)比…更重要；比…影响更大The Beatles were even bigger than Elvis.bilk [sb] out of [sth] v expr (swindle out of)诈骗某人某物bill [sb] [sth] vtr (charge)给某人开某物的账单；要求某人为某物付账I can't believe the hospital billed me ten thousand dollars.我不敢相信医院给我开了10000美元的账单。bill [sb] [sth] for [sth] vtr + prep (charge)要求某人为某事付...（钱）；向某人收取...（钱）的...费用The lawyer billed him three hundred dollars for the service.那名律师向他收取300美元的服务费。bill [sth] as vtr (advertise)宣传；推广The band was billed as the next Beatles.billions of [sth] adj (thousands of millions in number)数十亿个人或物There are billions of cells in the human body.人体体内有数十亿个细胞。a billion [sth] adj figurative, informal (many)无数的；数不尽的I can think of a billion things I'd do if I didn't have to work.billions of [sth] adj figurative, informal (many)成千上万个人或物Kieron comes up with billions of excuses not to do his homework.bin [sth] vtr UK, informal (throw away, discard)扔掉；丢掉Do you think this milk is still good? No, you'd better bin it.你觉得这牛奶还能喝吗？不能了吧，你最好把它扔了。bin [sth] vtr UK, usually passive (store [sth])储存；储藏We bin the potatoes and onions.bin [sth] vtr UK, figurative, informal (idea, etc.: discard)放弃；废弃It looked like rain, so we binned the idea of a picnic in the park and had lunch at home instead.天看起来要下雨，所以我们放弃去公园野餐的想法，在家吃午餐。bind [sth] vtr (tie, fasten securely)捆绑 ， 捆扎；束 ， 系Workers bind the logs together before they are transported to the factory.工人将木头捆起来后再运到工厂。bind [sth] vtr (wrap, strap up tightly)包裹；裹住Colleen binds her ankles for stability.科林把脚踝紧紧地裹住来保持稳定。bind [sth] vtr (provide a binding for a book, etc.)装订Arthur knows how to bind books; perhaps he can repair the cover on that one.亚瑟知道如何装订书籍，说不定他能修好那本书的封面。bind [sth] vtr (secure with band)用带子扎；用带子绑Gymnasts with long hair usually bind it before competitions.长发的体操选手赛前通常会将头发扎起来。bind [sth] vtr (finalize or seal an agreement) (交易、协议等)最终确认，使成定局The couple bound their marriage by exchanging rings.bind [sb/sth] vtr (govern) (合同等)对…构成约束The contract binds Isabel's activities under the agency for a period of 5 years.按照合同的约束，伊莎贝尔必须为该机构效力5年。bind to [sth] vi + prep (stick to)粘在...上；与…和在一起In this recipe, the eggs bind to the flour.这份菜谱中写到，鸡蛋要跟面粉和在一起。bind [sth] vtr (sewing: create border for garment)给...锁边；给...镶边The traditional method of sewing in this village involves binding garments in a decorative way.这座村庄传统的缝纫方式是通过装饰性的方式给服饰锁边。bind [sb/sth] together, bind together [sb/sth] vtr + adv (cause to feel connected)将…连为一体binge on [sth] vi + prep (eat [sth] to excess)狂吃；暴食When I'm feeling down, I binge on chocolate.当我情绪低落时，我会狂吃巧克力。binge on [sth] vi + prep (indulge in [sth] excessively)过分沉溺于On weekends I like to curl up on the couch and binge on a box set.周末我喜欢窝在沙发上刷剧。binge-watch [sth] vtr (watch one TV show for hours)大量观看，不停观看bioassay [sth] vtr (subject [sth] to bioassay)给…作生物鉴定bird-dog [sb/sth] vtr US, informal (investigate)调查bird-dog [sb/sth] vtr US, informal (seek out)寻找, 找出birdie [sth] vtr (golf hole: play one under par) (高尔夫球)低于标准杆的一击He birdied the last hole and finished two under par.bisect [sth] vtr (geometry: divide into two)把…对半分；把…分成两等份；二等分bisect [sth] vtr (land, etc.: cut across)横贯The path bisects a large field.这条道路横贯一大片土地。a bit of [sth] n (small amount)一点儿，少许I added a bit of cinnamon to the recipe.我在食谱里面加了少许肉桂。bitch about [sth] vi + prep vulgar, slang (complain about [sth])抱怨The employees stood at the coffee machine and bitched about their pay.员工站在咖啡机旁抱怨着他们的薪酬。bite [sth/sb] vtr (clamp teeth onto)咬住；咬紧The snapping turtle bit the dog's tail and wouldn't let go.那只啮龟咬住了狗狗的尾巴，毫不松口。bite [sth] vtr (cut with teeth)咬；咬出；咬成You have to bite the apple hard to get through the peel.你要使劲咬才能咬破这个苹果的皮。bite into [sth] vi + prep (acid: corrode) (酸等)腐蚀The acid bites into the metal, etching a pattern.酸会腐蚀金属，蚀刻出图案。bite into [sth] vi + prep (dig teeth into)咬；咬入；咬进She bit into the apple with vigor. Please bite into the wax so it can make a mould of your teeth.bite into [sth] vi + prep figurative (acid: corrode)腐蚀The acid bites into the metal.bitt [sth] vtr (nautical: wrap [sth] around a bitt) (航海)把...系在缆柱上bitter [sth] vtr (give [sth] a bitter taste)使…变苦；使…产生苦味The special hops bittered the beer.bituminize [sth], also UK: bituminise [sth] vtr (convert into, treat with bitumin)把…加沥青处理，把…用沥青处理blab about [sth] vi + prep slang (divulge carelessly)泄密；透露秘密The secretary blabbed to the newspapers about her affair with her boss.blab [sth] vtr slang (divulge carelessly) (因不谨慎)泄露I confided in Carrie, but she blabbed my secret to the whole school.我将秘密告诉卡丽，但是她将我的秘密泄露出去，搞得全校皆知。blabber about [sth] vi + prep informal (talk incessantly about)就...喋喋不休Mrs. Wilson is always blabbering about what her neighbours are up to.威尔逊女士总是喋喋不休讲述她邻居在做的事情。black [sth] vtr (polish with black)用黑色鞋油擦The shoeshine boy blacked the shoes.blacken [sth] vtr figurative (bring into disrepute)抹黑，诋毁，诽谤The incident blackened the player's reputation in the eyes of cricket fans.这次事件让这位球员在板球球迷眼中的名声扫地。blackjack [sb] into doing [sth] vtr US, informal, figurative (coerce)胁迫...做...blacklist [sb/sth] vtr (ban or bar)把…列入黑名单blacktop [sth] vtr (put tar on surface)用沥青铺...blag [sth] vtr UK, slang (obtain through persuasion)通过哄骗获得blag [sb] into doing [sth] v expr UK, slang (persuade [sb] to do)哄骗...做...blame [sb/sth] (for [sth]) vtr (hold responsible)责备；责怪Don't blame me! It wasn't my fault!别怪我！这不是我的错！blame [sth] on [sb/sth] vtr (attribute: [sth] bad)将…怪罪于；把…怪到…身上He blamed his lack of concentration on having slept badly that night.他把自己注意力不集中怪罪于前一晚没睡好。blanch [sth] vtr (cookery: soften by boiling) (烹调)用沸水把食物烫得发白Blanch the almonds and then remove the skins.将杏仁烫到发白，然后去壳。blanket, blanket of [sth] n figurative (cloud, snow, fog: covering layer) (云、雪、雾等的)覆盖层，一层A fresh blanket of snow lay on top of the grass. Fog lay over the city in a thick blanket.草坪上盖着一层初雪。厚厚的一层浓雾将城市笼罩。blanket [sth/sb] vtr figurative (cover thoroughly)布满，覆盖A layer of frost blanketed the plants.一层霜覆盖在植物上。blanket [sth] vtr figurative (sound, etc.: suppress) (声音等)压制，阻碍The snow blanketed the sound of our footsteps.blanket [sth/sb] vtr technical (nautical: take wind from other's sails) (航海)抢...的上风blaspheme [sth] vtr (disrespect: [sth] sacred)亵渎blast, blast of [sth] n (sudden gust) (疾风、冷空气等)一阵，一股Alex opened the door and was met with a blast of cold air.亚历克斯打开门，一股冷空气扑面而来。blast [sth/sb] vtr (shoot [sth], [sb])轰击；开枪击打James blasted the target four times in a row. The victim was blasted by a masked gunman.詹姆士连续四次击中目标。受害人被一名蒙面枪手击中。blast [sth] vtr (blow [sth] up)引爆；炸掉The demolition crew is planning to blast that building.拆迁队正计划炸掉那栋建筑。blast [sth] vtr (make loud noise)使发出巨响The group of teenagers blasted rock music on the stereo.一群年轻人用立体声音响大声地播放摇滚乐。blast [sth/sb] vtr figurative (criticize harshly)猛烈抨击；严厉批判The professor blasted the poorly-written essay.那篇成文十分糟糕的论文遭到了教授的猛烈抨击。blast [sth] vtr (wither)使枯萎；使凋谢The disease blasted a large number of trees in the region.疫病使区域内大片大片的树木枯萎。blather about [sth/sb] vi + prep (talk pointlessly about)喋喋不休的说My dad likes to blather about football to anyone who will listen.a blaze of [sth] n figurative (anger, etc.: intense burst) (怒火等)爆发，迸发Graham yelled at his son in a blaze of anger.格雷厄姆爆发了，对儿子大喊大叫。blaze [sth] vtr (mark a trail) (指路用)在...刻记号The hiking trail was blazed by the Boy Scouts.blaze [sth] vtr literary, dated (make known) (过时用语，书面用语)宣告；公告Robert feared Valerie would blaze his secret.罗伯特害怕瓦勒莉将他的秘密公诸天下。blaze past [sb/sth] vi + prep figurative (pass rapidly)飞驰而过blaze past [sb/sth] vi + prep figurative (sportsperson, team: defeat)战胜, 赢They blazed past the opposing team to win their first victory of the season.blazon [sth] vtr (display proudly or defiantly)卖弄地展示；夸示blazon [sth] on [sth] vtr (display proudly or defiantly)用...装饰...bleach [sth] vtr (clean, whiten: washing)漂白You can bleach the sheet to remove the stain.你可以把床单上的污渍漂白掉。bleach [sth] vtr figurative (remove colour from)漂白；脱色Shawna bleached the sleeves of her shirt.肖娜漂白了自己衬衣的袖子。blear [sth] vtr (blur, make bleary)使模糊不清bleat about [sth] vi + prep figurative, pejorative (complain about)抱怨There is no point in bleating about the weather; we can't change it.bleed [sth] vtr (radiator, brake: remove air, fluid)给...放气；从...排掉液体It's nice and warm in here since I bled the radiators.自从我给暖气片放气后，屋内就十分温暖了。bleed into [sth] vi + prep figurative (start to affect [sth])渗透进When you work from home, it is easy to let work bleed into your family time.bleed [sth] vtr (plants: seep sap, etc.) (植物)渗出（树液），流出（树液）The branch was sticky because it was bleeding sap.bleed [sth] vtr informal, disapproving (acquire money or goods)榨取；骗取The criminals bled thousands of dollars from unsuspecting elderly people.bleed [sth] vtr (draw substance from [sth])抽取；提取The mechanic bled the brake lines.bleed off [sth], bleed [sth] off vtr + adv (draw or extract)放掉；排掉bleep [sth/sb] vtr informal (words: replace)掩盖；替换When the man mentioned his victim's name in a TV interview, they bleeped him.blemish [sth] vtr figurative (spoil: [sb]'s image, reputation)损害；玷污（名誉等）The rumors blemished Harry's reputation as an honest person.那些谣言玷污了哈利诚实的声誉。blemish [sth] vtr (leave a mark on)弄脏 ， 弄上污渍；给…留下疤痕The artist accidentally bumped the wet canvas and blemished the painting.艺术家不小心撞翻了湿画布，弄脏了画作。blend [sth] vtr (combine thoroughly)把…混合在一起Blend the ingredients to make a smooth batter.把各种原材料混合在一起，搅拌成顺滑的糊状物。blend [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (merge into)将...混入..；使...与...融合Blend the blue paint into the green using a soft brush.用软刷将蓝色混入绿色。blend with [sth] vi + prep (color, etc.: merge imperceptibly) (颜色)与...融为一体；与...融合The point where orange blends with yellow in this painting is very gradual.这幅画中，橙色与黄色的融合点非常柔和自然。blend [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (mix)使…与…混合You can blend flour with a little water to make glue.你可以通过使少量的水与面粉混合来制作胶水。blend [sth] vtr (tea, etc.: mix to create new flavor) (茶叶、酒等)混合，调和备注: 将不同的茶叶或酒混合在一起调配出新口味。The tea shop downtown blends green tea and herbal tea to make their signature mix.市中心的茶叶店将绿茶和花草茶混合，做成自家的招牌混合茶。blend [sth] vtr (phonics: combining letter sounds) (音节)合成Children learn the sounds of individual letters before being taught to blend them together.blend [sth] in vtr + adv (mix, combine [sth])将…融入Put the softened butter in a bowl, and slowly blend in the sugar.将软化的黄油倒入碗里，慢慢地加糖混合。blend [sth] in with [sth] v expr (mix, combine [sth] with [sth])将…与…混合Use a wooden spoon to slowly blend the chocolate in with the butter.用木勺慢慢地把巧克力和黄油混合在一起。blend into [sth] vi + prep figurative (be assimilated) (文化等)融入In most cultures, minority groups are expected to blend into the mainstream.blend into [sth] vi + prep figurative (be indistinguishable)交融；融合到一起Without the usual school routine, the days seem to blend into one another.blend [sth] together, blend together [sth] vtr + adv (mix, combine)混合, 融合If you blend yellow and blue together, you get green.bless [sth] vtr (place, object: make holy)祈佑The holy man blessed the new house.那位神职人员为新房祈福。bless [sb/sth] vtr (ask God to protect [sb/sth]) (祈求上帝)庇佑，保佑Please bless this house.请保佑这座房子。bless [sb/sth] vtr often passive (give health or happiness to [sb/sth])使…幸福；赐福于Joan has five children and ten beautiful grandchildren; life has blessed her.琼拥有五个子女和十个漂亮的孙子女。生活赋予了她幸福。bless [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep often passive (endow, gift: with [sth])赋予；赐予Nature has blessed her with good looks and intelligence.大自然赐予了她美貌和智慧。bless [sth/sb] vtr (worship: God) (对上帝)赞美，称颂"Bless the name of Jesus", sang the choir.唱诗班唱道：“称颂耶稣之名”。be blessed with [sb/sth] v expr (be lucky to have)庆幸有；幸而有Jane and Simon are blessed with three wonderful children. I am blessed with a good memory.简和西蒙很庆幸，自己有三个很棒的孩子。 我庆幸有很好的记性。blether, blether about [sth/sb] vi + prep UK, regional (talk pointlessly about)絮叨，讲关于...的废话blight [sth] vtr figurative, often passive (ruin)毁坏；摧残The abuse he received as a young boy blighted the rest of his life.小时候受虐待的经历毁了他的余生。blind to [sth] adj + prep figurative (oblivious to [sth])对…注意不到，对…视而不见Mina loves Graham so much, she is blind to his faults.米娜非常喜欢格雷厄姆，对他的缺点视而不见。blind to [sth] adj + prep figurative (refusing to recognize [sth])对…视而不见Ecologists say we can no longer remain blind to the damage we are doing to our planet.生态学家指出，对于我们人类正在对地球母亲所造成的破坏，我们不能再继续视而不见了。blind bake [sth], blind-bake [sth] vtr (pastry: cook before filling)盲烤；预烘焙not blink at [sth], not blink an eye at [sth] v expr figurative, informal (not react to)对…无动于衷；冷眼旁观； (比喻)眨眼Joshua is so rich, he doesn't blink at paying $800 for a wristwatch.约书亚十分富有，对于支付一块800美元的腕表，他眼睛都不眨一下。blink at [sth/sb] vi + prep (be amazed)对…感到惊愕；对……感到吃惊Rose blinked at the huge pile of Christmas presents.blinker [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep figurative (make narrow-minded about)蒙蔽Ben's privileged upbringing has blinkered him to the poverty that many people face.blinker [sth] vtr (put blinkers on: horse) (马)给...戴眼罩We blinker our racehorses so that they do not become distracted during the race.我们给赛马戴上眼罩，这样他们在比赛过程中就不会受到干扰。blister [sth] vtr (raise a blister on)使…起疱；使...起泡These new shoes have blistered my heels.新鞋磨得脚后跟起泡了。blister [sth] vtr (subject to intense heat)使…受高温；使…受强热A hot summer sun blistered the valley.炽热的夏日阳光照热了山谷。blister [sb/sth] vtr US, slang (defeat, outshine)痛打；击败Our team blistered the opposing team, wining by 20 points.blitz [sth] vtr (bomb heavily)轰炸The government blitzed rebel strongholds last night.政府军昨晚集中火力轰炸了叛军的据点。block [sb/sth] vtr (obstruct)阻挡；阻拦He tried to reach his home but police officers blocked his path.他想要回家，但是警察拦住他的路。block [sth] vtr figurative (prevent)阻止；阻碍；妨碍The President called on Republicans to stop blocking progress on bills to boost the economy.总统发出呼吁，这些法案有助于促进经济发展，请共和党人不要再妨碍其进程。block [sb/sth] vtr (internet: prevent from accessing) (网站)封锁；访问拦截This security software blocks any website with adult content.这款安全软件会对所有含有成人内容的网站进行访问拦截。block [sb/sth] vtr (prevent from contacting)阻止；拦截You should block trolls on social media sites.Zoe kept getting sales calls from the same company, so she blocked their number.你应该拉黑那些在社交媒体上骚扰你的人。同一家公司不停给佐伊打销售电话，因此被她拉黑了。block [sth/sb] vtr (sports: hinder) (运动)拦截The basketball player blocked the shot.篮球运动员拦截了那记投篮。block [sth] vtr (knitting: shape) (织物)给…定型When you've knitted a garment, washing and blocking it will make it look its best.织好一件衣物后将其洗一遍，然后定型，这样能够让新织衣物呈最佳状态。block [sth] vtr (theater: designate positions, action) (戏剧、电影)指挥…的走位The director is blocking the first act this morning.导演今天上午指挥了演员们第一幕的走位。block [sth] out vtr + adv (light: keep out) (光线)遮住，挡住They hung thick dark curtains to block the sunlight out.他们挂上厚厚的深色窗帘挡住阳光。block [sb/sth] out vtr + adv figurative (refuse to listen, think)抹去；忘记Some people abuse drugs or alcohol to block out bad memories.有些人通用滥用药物或酒精来抹去痛苦的记忆。blockade [sth] vtr (close off, obstruct)封锁Protestors blockaded the entrance to the council offices.抗议者堵住了市政办公室的人口。blog about [sth] vi + prep (write online diary about)写关于...博客；围绕...撰写博文Nadia blogs about her life as a new mother.那迪娅在博客中记录了自己新为人母的经历。blog [sth] vtr (write about [sth] online)把…写进博客Lee is a record collector who blogs his new acquisitions.李是一位唱片收藏家，会在博客中记录自己新得的藏品。blood [sth] vtr (hunting dog)给（猎狗）尝（某动物的）血的味道You must blood the hounds so they will hunt the rabbits.bloody, bloody [sth] vtr (stain with blood)使...染上血；使...沾上血The thorns scratched my arm and bloodied my sleeve.荆棘刮伤了我的胳膊，袖子上染上了血。bloody, bloody [sth] vtr (nose, etc.: cause to bleed)使...出血；导致...出血The bullies bloodied his nose and left him with a black eye.他被恶霸打得鼻子出血，眼睛青肿。bloop [sth] vtr (baseball: hit so that it lands just beyond infield) (棒球)把球恰好击过内场blot [sth] vtr (remove excess ink) (多余的墨渍)轻轻擦去，吸掉Charles put down his quill and blotted the paragraphs he had written.查尔斯放下他的羽毛笔，吸干他写好那段文字的墨渍。blot [sth] vtr (remove spillage) (溢出或洒落的液体)轻轻擦掉，吸掉Vicky spilled her wine, so I blotted the carpet with a sheet of kitchen towel.维琪将酒洒了，所以我用一块厨房抹布擦干了酒渍。blot [sth] vtr figurative (disgrace) (使名誉受损)沾污，败坏；使蒙羞，使丢脸The incident blotted the politician's reputation.该事件令这位政客蒙羞。blotch [sth] vtr (stain)弄脏The pen broke and blotched the front of Mark's shirt.blow [sth] vtr (move with breath)向…吹气Blow the pinwheel and watch it spin.吹纸风车并看着它转。blow [sth] vtr (glass: shape using air) (玻璃)吹制At the factory, we watched a man blowing glass into a vase shape.在工厂内，我们见识了师傅将玻璃吹制成花瓶的形状。blow [sth] vtr (wind) (风)吹动； (风)刮起备注: Followed by an adverb or preposition.The wind blew the papers off the table.风吹动了桌子上的纸。blow [sth] vtr (horn, instrument: play) (喇叭、乐器等)吹，吹奏The flautist blew a sweet melody.blow [sth] vtr informal (make explode)炸毁；使…爆炸The army detonation team blew the bridge.blow [sth] vtr slang (squander money) (俚语)挥霍, 浪费The musician had blown his entire fortune, and was poor again.blow [sth] vtr US, slang (bungle) (机会)浪费I bet he will blow this opportunity just as he did the last one.blow [sth] on [sth] vtr (squander money)把...挥霍在…上Sophie blew all her wages on a new dress.索菲把所有钱都挥霍在一条新裙子上了。blow on [sth] vi + prep (direct breath onto [sth])对…吹气Janine blew on her fingernails to dry her nail varnish.简妮对着自己的手指甲吹气，想让指甲油快点干。blow [sth] away, blow away [sth] vtr + adv (wind: carry off)吹走；驱散The wind blew the dollar bill away.那阵风把美钞吹走了。blow by [sb/sth] vi + prep (be swept past) 没有提供翻译 blow [sth] down, blow down [sth] vtr + adv (wind: knock over)刮倒；吹倒The wind blew down our swing set and shade umbrella.狂风刮倒了我们的秋千架和遮阳伞。blow into [sth] vi + prep (breathe)向…吹气Here, blow into this paper bag, it will help you stop hyperventilating.blow [sth] out of proportion v expr figurative, informal (overdramatize)夸大其词；过度渲染Sure, it seems like a lot of snow, but don't blow it out of proportion -- we usually have several inches in April.blow [sth] over, blow over [sth] vtr + prep (topple by blowing)吹翻；吹倒A strong wind had blown over several plant pots.那股强风吹翻了好几个花盆。blow the dust off [sth], blow the dust off of [sth] v expr figurative (use for the first time in ages) (放很久的东西)把...拿出来；翻出Let's blow the dust off this old record and see how it sounds.blow the whistle on [sth] v expr figurative (report [sth])揭发；揭露；披露；blow through [sth] vi + prep informal, figurative (place: visit briefly)短暂造访He blew through town last week. He never stays for long.他上周匆匆来过城镇。他从来不会待很长时间。blow through [sth] vi + prep informal, figurative (change: affect)吹过，在…发生The winds of change are blowing through the Olde Towne club: they have accepted their first woman as a member.blow through [sth] vi + prep slang, figurative (money: spend)花掉The gambling addict blew through his life's savings in two weeks.blow-dry [sth] vtr (use a hair-dryer on)用吹风机吹干There's no point blow-drying your hair – it's pouring down outside!bludge [sth] vtr informal, AU (beg, borrow)讨；讨要；要Mind if I bludge a smoke?bludge [sth] off [sb] vtr + prep informal, AU (beg, scrounge)向…讨要Gary is always bludging cigarettes off me.bludgeon [sb/sth] vtr (beat with a weapon)用大头棒殴打；用武器击打The victim was bludgeoned with a heavy object.受害者遭到重物击打。blue [sth] vtr (make blue)使…变成蓝色；把…染成蓝色The indigo dye blued the shirt.blue [sth] vtr (metal: heat to make blue/grey)将...烧成蓝色The gunsmith blued the barrel of the gun.军械工人将枪管烧制成蓝色。blue-pencil [sth] vtr figurative (edit, censor)删剪，删改blueprint [sth] vtr US (make a blueprint of [sth])为...绘制蓝图Jeff blueprinted the second floor of the building.bluff [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (deceive, fool)骗某人做某事；虚张声势糊弄某人做某事Steve bluffed Joe into doing the laundry all week.史蒂夫骗乔洗了整整一个星期的衣服。blunder [sth] vtr (do, make badly)搞砸；弄糟Frank completely blundered that batch of cookies.blunder [sth] vtr (blurt out)愚蠢地说出；不加考虑地乱说blunder into [sth] vi + prep (come upon [sth] accidentally)无意间遇见；不期而遇blunt [sth] vtr (dull, make less sharp)使变钝Using scissors on paper frequently will blunt the edges.经常用剪刀来剪纸会让刀锋变钝。blunt [sth] vtr figurative (mitigate sensitivity of [sth])减弱；减轻Ice will blunt the pain.冰块能减轻疼痛感。blur [sth] vtr (smudge)弄脏；玷污Pamela blurred the colors of the oil pastel sketch she made.帕梅拉不小心搞脏了自己油画棒草稿的颜色。blur [sth] vtr figurative (confuse)使模糊不清；使难以区分Being inconsistent in punishing children just blurs the rules.在惩罚孩子的问题前后不一会让规则模糊不清。a blur of [sth] n figurative ([sth] busy, confusing)一段忙乱的时间This week has been a blur of parties, awards ceremonies and interviews.本周是段忙乱的时期，派对、颁奖仪式和采访接二连三。blur [sth] vtr (make [sth] less distinct)使模糊；使变模糊Alcohol blurred her judgment, and she ultimately did something she regretted.blur the boundaries between [sth] and [sth] v expr figurative (make less distinct)模糊…和…之间的界限blur the lines between [sth] and [sth] v expr figurative (make less distinct)模糊...和...之间的边界blurt [sth] vtr (say on impulse)冲口而出"It wasn't me!" Jack blurted defensively.“不是我！”杰克脱口而出，保持着戒备。blush [sth] vtr (make [sth] red)使变红The cold air blushed the children's cheeks.board [sth] vtr (get on: vehicle, ship, plane) (车、船、飞机等)登上The Smiths boarded the ship for America.史密斯一家登上了去美国的船。boast about [sth/sb] vi + prep (speak proudly)炫耀；夸耀I'm so bored of Tom boasting about his new car.Jillian is boasting about her children again.我对汤姆老是吹嘘他的新车感到厌烦。// 基莉安又开始炫耀她的孩子了。boast of doing [sth] v expr (speak proudly)炫耀；夸耀She always boasts of having the largest house in the street.她总是夸耀自己的房子是整条街最大的。boast about doing [sth] v expr (speak proudly about achieving [sth])炫耀做过（某事）；夸耀取得过（某种成就）Marcus often boasts about running the Boston Marathon last year.马库斯去年参加了波士顿马拉松赛，时常炫耀。boast of doing [sth] v expr (claim to have done [sth])自称做过某事；自夸做过某事；吹嘘某事He boasted of once catching the biggest trout ever recorded.他自称曾经抓到过破纪录的大鳟鱼。boast [sth] vtr (have: [sth] desirable)自豪地拥有；以拥有…而自傲；引以为傲The hotel boasts an Olympic-sized swimming pool, a sauna, and a gym.酒店配有奥林匹克规模的游泳池、一间桑拿室和一间健身房，引以为傲。boast of doing [sth] vi + prep (claim)吹嘘做某事boast of doing [sth] vi + prep (speak proudly)炫耀做某事a boatload of [sth] n figurative, informal (large quantity)大量的；许多bob [sth] vtr (make [sth] move up and down)使…上下移动The waves bobbed the small rowboat up and down.bob [sth] vtr (head: nod or incline quickly)频频点头The old man bobbed his head in agreement.bob for [sth] vi + prep (try to get hold of [sth])设法用牙咬住悬挂或漂浮的东西bob [sth] vtr often passive (crop [sth] short)截断；裁切The dog's tail had been bobbed.bobble [sth] vtr US (fumble: a ball) (球)漏接bog [sb] down in [sth] v expr figurative, usually passive, informal (person: mire in [sth])让...陷入；让...困在；让...淹溺在My boss is bogging me down in work!bogey [sth] vtr (golf: score bogey on hole) (高尔夫)每洞标准杆数I can't believe I bogeyed that hole after such a terrible drive!boggle at [sth] vi + prep informal (be bewildered or amazed)吃惊；受惊I'm boggling at the complexity of this equation.这个方程式的难度令我感到难以置信。boil [sth] vtr (water, food: heat) (水)煮沸 ， 烧开； (食物)煮 ， 在沸水中煮Boil the mixture for 10 minutes before you add the cream.将混合物煮沸十分钟，然后再加入奶油。boil [sth] vtr (food: cook by boiling) (烹饪手法)煮I like to boil shrimp with potatoes and corn.我喜欢用土豆和玉米煮虾。boil [sth] vtr (kettle, pot: heat contents)煮沸；煮I'll boil the kettle and we'll have a nice cup of tea.我来煮点水，咱们喝杯好茶。boil [sth] away, boil away [sth] vtr + adv (remove by boiling)使…完全蒸发boil [sth] off vtr + prep (liquid: heat to evaporation)煮开以蒸发Boil off the water until you are left with a thick gravy.bold [sth] vtr (put in bold type)加黑，加粗He bolded the important words for emphasis.他把重要的词加黑以示强调。boldface [sth] vtr (font: make bold)使字体加粗I boldfaced the key words in my speech to make them stand out.我加粗了演讲稿中的关键词，让它们更加明显。bollix [sth] vtr UK, vulgar, slang (bungle)搞坏，弄糟bolster [sth] vtr (support)支持；支撑Many office workers use cushions to bolster their backs while sitting at their desks.许多办公室职员久坐办公桌前时，会使用靠垫支撑后背。bolster [sth] vtr figurative (support)支持；支撑The abundant scientific evidence bolsters the argument for the threat of global warming.大量的科学证据支持全球变暖威胁论。bolster [sth] vtr (pad, stuff)填塞Workers bolster the seats to make them more comfortable.bolster [sth] vtr figurative (pad out)支撑，支持The politician bolstered his speech with a lot of empty promises.bolt [sth] vtr (lock door with a bolt)闩上，插上插销Remember to bolt the door at night.记得晚上闩上门销。bolt [sth] vtr (attach [sth] with a bolt)用螺栓固定住Micah bolted the sheet metal to the structure.米卡用螺栓将金属板固定到建筑物上。bolt out of [sth] v expr (exit rapidly)从…冲出去The spooked horse bolted out of the barn.受惊的马匹从马厩里冲了出去。bolt [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (attach [sth] with a bolt)用螺栓把...和...固定在一起Ray bolted the shelves securely to the wall.bolt [sth] vtr (fabric, etc: make into bolts) (布)把...卷成卷，把...卷成匹The cloth is bolted at the factory before being delivered to the stores.在配送到商店前，布料在工厂被卷成卷。bolt [sth] in vtr + adv (fasten tightly with bolt)用绳结系紧；把...捆紧bomb [sth/sb] vtr (drop explosives)轰炸；向...投炸弹The city was bombed repeatedly during the war.战争期间，那个城市遭受了反复的轰炸。bomb [sth] vtr US, figurative, slang (fail: a test)考砸Jack bombed his algebra test.杰克考砸了他的代数测试。bombard [sth] vtr (attack with bombs)炮击The enemy bombarded the city and reduced it to rubble.敌人炮击城市，将其炸成一堆瓦砾。bombard [sb/sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (attack with)用…攻击The kids bombarded the teacher with water balloons.bombard [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep figurative (assail, overwhelm)攻击，猛击，猛烈抨击The journalists bombarded the police spokesman with questions.记者们向警方发言人不断地抛出问题。bombproof [sth], bomb-proof [sth] vtr (make resistant to explosives)为...做防爆处理bond [sth] vtr (stick, join together)使黏合；使黏结；粘合We bond the pieces of the model airplane with glue.我们用胶水把模型飞机的部件黏合到一起。bone [sth] vtr (meat: take out bones)剔除...的骨头Bone the pieces of chicken and then butterfly them.先剔除鸡的骨头，然后切开摊平。bone [sth] vtr (clothing: stiffen using boning) (衣服)用鲸骨或钢架撑After the seamstress bones the bodice of the dress, she will attach the skirt.bone [sth] vtr UK, slang, archaic (steal)偷；盗走bonk [sth] vtr informal (hit, knock)撞击Ouch! I just bonked my elbow on the edge of the table.哎呦！我的手肘刚撞到了桌子边缘。boo [sth] vtr (jeer at) (事物)为...喝倒彩，发嘘声嘲弄The crowd booed his comments.booby-trap [sth] vtr (fit with a trap)设陷阱；设诡雷book [sth] vtr (reserve: seat, place, flight)预订；预约；预定We're going to book seats on the early flight.我们要订早班飞机的票。book [sb/sth] vtr (hire, engage)预雇；预约The parents are going to book a clown for the party.家长们打算预雇一位小丑来聚会上表演。book of [sth] n (pack or set of [sth])一本；一册I purchased a book of stamps at the post office.我在邮局买了一本邮票。bookend [sth] vtr usually passive, figurative, informal (place on the two ends of [sth])作为...的结尾The two episodes that bookend the series contain many identical camera shots.这部剧集第一集和最后一集中有许多相同的镜头。bookmark [sth] vtr (page: put in a marker)在（某页）做标记；在（某页）放书签I'll bookmark the page and read it later.bookmark [sth] vtr (webpage: save as a favourite)把...添加到收藏夹Carol likes to bookmark webpages with her favorite recipes.boop [sb/sth] vtr informal (tap playfully on the nose)轻戳鼻子boop [sb/sth] vtr informal (dog, cat: bump on the nose)碰鼻子boost [sth/sb] vtr (push up)把…往上推Rick boosted Amy out of the water.里克把艾米推出水面。boost [sth] vtr (encourage, support)激励，激起，鼓舞The crowd's cheers boosted the team's spirits.人群的欢呼鼓舞了队伍的士气。boost [sth] vtr (promote, help)推动；促进The government hopes its proposed tax cuts will boost the economy.政府希望自己提出的税收减免能够促进经济发展。boost [sth] vtr (increase engine pressure)给（发动机）加压Installing a better exhaust system will boost your car's engine.boot [sth] vtr (ball: kick) (球)踢Halley booted the soccer ball halfway down the field.哈雷一脚将足球踢到中场。boot [sth] vtr (computer: start) (计算机)启动Joel had to boot his computer five times this morning because of a computer virus.由于电脑病毒，今早乔尔不得不启动电脑五次。boot [sth] vtr (brutally put an end to)不讲理地强行终结；蛮横地突然停止boot [sb] out of [sth] v expr figurative, often passive, slang (remove from: office)将...从...赶走The voters lost confidence in him and booted him out of office.bootleg [sth] vtr (trade illegally in)非法制造；非法贩运；非法买卖For years, she bootlegged passports to illegal immigrants.多年来，她一直向非法移民违法销售护照。bootstrap [sth/sb] vtr figurative, informal (cause to advance)引导备注: Commonly followed by into, out of, toThe new manager bootstrapped the ailing company into making a profit.bop [sb/sth] vtr (hit, strike)击打The boxer bopped his opponent on the nose.拳击手打中了他对手的鼻子。border [sth] vtr (land: adjoin)和…交界；与…接壤The United States borders Canada to the north.加拿大与美国北部交界。border [sth] vtr (form a border with)形成…的边界A river borders our property to the West.bore [sth] vtr (pierce: a hole)在...上钻孔；在...上打孔The carpenter bored a hole in the board.木匠在板子上钻了一个孔。bore [sth] vtr (drill: shaft, tunnel) (井、隧道)挖This machine can bore tunnels through layers of rock.这台机器能够在岩层中挖掘隧道。bore [sth] vtr (expand diameter of hole)扩大（孔、洞）的直径bore into [sth] vi + prep (drill into)钻，钻入Woodpeckers bore into trees searching for insects.bore into [sth] vi + prep figurative (stare piercingly at) (比喻)盯，注视The judge's stare bores into the witnesses' eyes, to intimidate them into telling the truth.bored with [sth], bored of [sth] expr (finding [sth] dull)厌倦；对...感到厌烦I'm feeling bored with my life.born into [sth] adj + prep (having from birth)出身于，生来具有born to [sth], born to do [sth] adj (having natural talent for [sth])生来注定，天生要She was born to sing.borrow [sth] vtr (take, use temporarily)借；借入Can I borrow your pen?我可以借一下你的钢笔吗？borrow [sth] from [sb] vtr + prep (use another's property)向...借...Kathy borrowed a skirt from her sister to wear to the party.凯茜向姐姐借了条裙子，穿去参加派对。borrow [sth] vtr (money: take as loan)借（钱）；贷（款）I will borrow money to pay for the vacation.我要借钱去度假。borrow [sth] vtr figurative (ideas: take, adopt)借用, 借鉴This sci-fi film borrows a lot of ideas from the 'Star Wars' series.这部科幻电影从《星球大战》系列中借鉴了许多。borrow [sth] from [sb/sth] vtr + prep figurative (ideas: adopt from others) (想法、观念等)借用，采用；借鉴Most religions borrow ideas from older ones.大多数宗教都会从更古老的宗教中借用一些理念。borrow from [sb/sth] vi + prep figurative (ideas: take adopt)借用；采用；借鉴His work borrows from many other artists.他的作品借鉴了许多其他艺术家。bot [sth] vtr AU, informal (beg or borrow) (不打算归还)借，讨botch [sth] vtr informal (job, task: do badly)弄糟；办砸；弄坏I trusted Alan to fix the roof, but he botched the job and now the hole is even bigger.我信任艾伦，请他修屋顶，但是他搞砸了这个工作，现在漏洞甚至更大了。botch [sth] up vtr + adv informal (bungle, do badly)把...搞坏；将...弄坏bother to do [sth] v expr (make an effort)费心；费力；麻烦He didn't bother to answer the email.他甚至懒得费心去回复那封电子邮件。the bother of doing [sth] expr (effort of)麻烦；不方便Why go to the bother of cooking a meal when we could just order a takeaway?bothered by [sth] adj + prep (concerned, troubled)因…烦恼；因…担心I am bothered by the way he treats my daughter.他对待我女儿的方式让我感到担心。bothered to do [sth] adj informal (willing to make effort)愿意努力做；愿意费心做I'm trying to decide whether I can be bothered to get up today.我在考虑要有没有必要努力起床。bottle [sth] vtr (put into a bottle)把…装瓶This is the plant where they bottle the beer.他们就是在这个工厂中把啤酒装瓶的。bottle [sth] vtr (put into a container)用瓶子把…装起来They bottled the fireflies and took them home.bottle [sth] vtr UK, slang (fail to do [sth] through loss of courage) (俚语)因为恐惧而未能做成bottle-feed [sb/sth] vtr literal (give food with bottle)用奶瓶喂育…We found a kitten on the street without a mother and bottle-fed it until it was old enough for solid food.bottom [sth] vtr (bring to lowest point)使…达到最低点The pilot bottomed the plane at a thousand feet.bottom [sth] vtr US (work out)探明…的原因；查明…的真相；把…弄个水落石出Let's bottom this matter once and for all.bottom [sth] vtr (put a bottom on)给…装上底面；安装底部于I've nearly finished making the crate - I've just got to bottom it.bounce [sth] vtr (ball: cause to rebound) (球)使跳回The little girl was bouncing a ball as she walked along the street.小姑娘在街上一边走，一边拍球。bounce [sth] off [sth] vtr + prep (cause to rebound off [sth])使...从...表面弹回Catherine bounced the basketball off the side of the building.凯瑟琳在楼边墙上来回弹着篮球。bounce off [sth] vi + prep (rebound)从...弹回；从...跳回The ball bounced off the wall.球从墙面弹回。bounce [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep US, figurative, slang (evict)将…从…驱逐出去；将…逐出…The football players were bounced from the club for starting a fight.由于打架斗殴，那些足球运动员被驱逐出了俱乐部。bounce [sth] vtr informal, figurative (return: a cheque)拒付并退回The bank bounced my check because there wasn't enough money in the account.由于账上的资金不够了，银行拒付并退回了我的支票。bounce off [sth] vi + prep (light: be reflected) (光线等)从...反射回来；反射在...上The glare of headlights bounced off of the shop window.头灯的亮光反射在商店橱窗上。bounce [sth] off [sb] vtr + prep figurative, informal (idea: test)征求关于...的意见（看法）I'll bounce the idea off my boss and get back to you.我将去征求老板的意见，然后再回来找你。bounce [sth] vtr (computing: reboot) (电脑)重启；重新启动bound by [sth] adj + prep figurative (legally obligated) (法律)受约束的，受到义务束缚的We are bound by the terms of the contract.我们受合同条款约束。bound to [sth/sb] adj + prep figurative (legally obligated) (法律)受约束于，受…约束Judges are bound to the law.法官们受法律约束。bound for [sth] adj + prep (heading towards a place)朝着…去；开往The cruise ship was bound for New York.这艘游艇是驶向纽约的。bound for [sth] adj + prep figurative (destined for [sth])一定会...的；注定会...的Luis always knew that he was bound for fame and fortune.路易斯明白他注定会名利双收。bound to do [sth] adj figurative (more than likely to do [sth])肯定会；必然会You left your wallet on the table; someone was bound to steal it.你把钱包落在了桌上，肯定有人会去偷它。bound [sth] vtr often passive (surround, enclose)围着，形成…的边界Hedges bound the field on all sides.绿篱围在空地四周。bound to do [sth] prep informal (likely or certain to)一定会，肯定会That boy is so reckless, he's bound to end up in jail.The vase that was balanced on the edge of the table fell off, which was bound to happen.那个男孩行事太过鲁莽，最后一定会进监狱的。// 不出意料，摆在桌子边缘摇摇欲坠的花瓶摔到地上了。bounded by [sth] adj + prep figurative (limited)被…限制bounded by [sth] adj + prep (surrounded)被…包围bounty of [sth] n literary (plenty)大量；许多The charity fundraiser provided a bounty of supplies for the homeless shelter.慈善筹款会为收容所提供了许多物资。bow to [sth] vi + prep figurative (yield) (某事)向…屈服；对…让步The director bowed to the parents' demands and retracted his new policy.校长向家长的意志屈服，收回了新政策。bowdlerize [sth], also UK: bowdlerise [sth] vtr (expurgate, censor [sth])删改；删节[sth]'s bowels, the bowels of [sth] npl figurative (innermost part: of building, etc.) (建筑等)内部，深处The crew labored in the bowels of the building to repair the plumbing leak.维修工在建筑物的内部辛苦劳作，以修复水管漏水。bowl of [sth] n (bowlful)一碗…I ate a bowl of peanuts as a snack.我吃了一碗花生当零食。bowl [sth] vtr (achieve, score in bowling) (保龄球)投球得…分He bowled a perfect game.他投球得满分。bowstring [sb/sth] vtr (strangle with cord) (如弓弦等)用…勒死box [sth/sb] vtr (punch repeatedly)反复击打Tanner boxed the punching bag with all his strength.box [sth] vtr (put in a box)把…装入盒中I boxed my grandmother's present and posted it to her.我将祖母的礼物放入盒中并邮寄给她。boycott [sth/sb] vtr (refuse to do business with) (贸易)抵制Local parents boycotted the store because of the magazines.当地的父母因那本杂志联合抵制这家商店。braai [sth] vtr S.Africa (grill, roast) (户外)烤，烧烤brace [sth] vtr (support)支住；支撑The wooden beams braced the unsteady walls of the building.木梁支撑着这栋建筑并不牢固的墙。brace yourself for [sth] v expr figurative (prepare for shock)准备迎接（令人震撼之事）Everyone is bracing themselves for the foot of snow forecast for tonight.所有人都在准备迎接今晚天气预报的大雪。brace yourself for [sth] v expr (prepare for impact)做好准备，振作精神Seeing that there was no way to escape, Joel braced himself for the blow of the other man's fist.约珥发现自己无处可逃，便振作精神，做好准备迎击另一人的拳头。bracket [sth] vtr (put in brackets)括入括弧；用括号把...括起来The professor bracketed the dependent clause.教授用括号把独立从句括了起来。bracket [sth] vtr (join [sth] with brace)用支架撑住；用支架托住bracket [sth] vtr (artillery: adjust fire)夹叉射击bracket [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (group together)把...和...归为一类brad [sth] vtr (fasten with brads)用平头钉钉牢brag about [sth/sb] vi + prep (talk boastfully)吹嘘；自夸He is always bragging about his wealth.他总是吹嘘自己多有钱。braid [sth] (US), plait (UK) vtr (hair: put into plaits) (头发、鞭子等)编Maisy braids her hair before she jogs to keep it out of her face.跑步之前，梅西把自己的头发编成辫子，免得头发搭到脸上。Braille [sth] vtr (write in Braille)用盲文写This machine brailles the text onto the paper.the brains of [sth] n figurative, informal (person who masterminds [sth])策划者；智囊I'm the brains of the operation; my brother supplies the brawn.brainstorm [sth] vtr (think up)想出；想到brainwash [sb] into doing [sth] vtr + prep (indoctrinate into doing)给…洗脑The cult brainwashed Brian into leaving his family.braise [sth] vtr (cook in liquid)炖Braise the beef in the oven in a covered dish.将牛肉放在有盖的菜碟上并放入烤炉慢炖。a brake on [sth] n figurative ([sth] that slows progress)阻碍；妨碍Opposition to the minister's bill from his own party was a brake on his plans.部长提出的法案遭到了其自己党派内的反对，他的计划遇到了阻碍。brake [sth] vtr (crush [sth] with brake)用梳麻机压branch [sth] vtr (divide [sth])分开；使…分叉The park rangers branched the hiking trail at the bottom of the hill.守林员在山脚下将徒步旅行路径分出岔路。brand [sth] vtr (mark cattle, etc.)打烙印于The farmer branded the cow with a hot iron.农场主用滚烫的铁在母牛身上打下烙印。brand [sb] [sth], brand [sb] as [sth] vtr (stigmatise)将…指责为；将…抹黑为Because of his radical views, he was branded a revolutionary.由于他激进的观点，人们称他为革命者。brandish [sth] vtr (wield a weapon) (尤指武器)挥舞The warrior strode up to the enemy and brandished his sword.那位战士脚踩敌人，挥舞着他的剑。brandish [sth] vtr (display, show off)炫耀Penny is brandishing a sparkly new engagement ring.佩妮正在炫耀她闪闪发亮的新订婚戒指。brave [sth] vtr (face)勇敢面对，勇敢地去克服We braved many obstacles in our journey.旅途中我们勇敢地克服了很多障碍。brave [sth] vtr (defy)无畏地冒犯，勇敢地向…挑战The soldier braved the odds and managed to escape injury.士兵们勇敢地挑战命运，设法全身而退。braze [sth] vtr (solder with brass)用铜锌合金焊接；用黄铜焊接breach [sth] vtr figurative (break: rule)违反；破坏；破坏The company sued George for breaching the contract.这家公司因乔治违反合约而起诉他。breach [sth] vtr (make an opening, break through)撕裂，在…上撕开口子，冲破The river breached its banks during the heavy rainfall.The attackers have breached the city wall.暴雨期间，河水冲破了堤岸。bread [sth] vtr (cover with breadcrumbs)在…上撒面包屑，在…上涂抹面包屑Sally breaded the salmon with herbs and spices.赛莉将混合着香草和辣椒的面包屑涂抹在三文鱼上。break [sth] vtr (smash: into pieces)打破；打碎If you play ball in the house, you will break something.你要在房子里玩球，会砸破东西的。break [sth] vtr (fracture a bone)折断（骨头）；使（骨头）破裂Alan broke his arm when he fell. Janis broke two ribs when she slipped on the ice.艾伦摔倒时，摔断了手臂。珍妮丝在冰面上滑倒时，摔断了两根肋骨。break [sth] vtr figurative (end [sth])打断；终止The home team broke the champions' winning streak.冠军队连连获胜的好运被主队打断了。break [sth] vtr figurative (promise: fail to fulfill)打破；违反；未能履行break [sth] vtr (infringe)违反；打破；破坏The drag racers broke the speed limit.break [sth] vtr (lessen impact of)减弱vtrThe boxer's blocking move broke the force of his opponent's blow.拳击手的封锁动作削弱了对手的攻击。break [sth] vtr (sever, annul)使…失效；废除；宣告…无效The actor wants to break his contract.break [sth] vtr (destroy)打败；打垮The boxer threatened to break his opponent.break [sth] vtr (set: remove a piece)拆开；拆散The collector doesn't want to break the set.break [sth] vtr US, slang (money: give change) (零钱)兑换；找零Can you break a dollar?break [sth] vtr (penetrate)穿破；钻破The drill broke through the door of the safe.break [sth] vtr (decode)破译（密码等）The army is trying to break the enemy code.break [sth] vtr US, slang (escape)从…逃脱；逃出The convicts broke jail.break [sth] vtr (sports: better a score) (体育)打破（记录）Our team broke the record for number of games won.break [sth] vtr figurative, slang (bankrupt)使…破产The card shark broke the house.break [sth] vtr (baseball: curveball) (棒球)投出（曲线球）；使(球)曲线飞行The pitcher broke a wicked curve that got the corner of the plate.break [sth] vtr figurative (wear [sth] down) (精神、意志)使...垮掉；消磨，摧毁The interrogation broke the soldier's spirit.break [sth] vtr (rupture [sth])撕裂；撕开Bubbles broke the surface of the water.break [sth] vtr figurative (solve [sth])解决No matter what I try, I can't break this problem.break [sth] vtr (animals: tame) (动物)制服, 驯服, 驯养The cowboy tried to break the new stallion.break [sth] vtr (media: publish [sth]) (媒体)公布, 发表A newspaper broke the story.break [sth] vtr (tennis: win when opponent served) (网球)破了对手的发球局The challenger broke his opponent's serve.break [sth] vtr US, slang (disprove)驳倒； (借口、辩辞等)使...不能成立The police broke his alibi.break [sth] vtr (surpass)超出；超过；超越The man was cited for breaking the speed limit.那个人因为驾驶超速而被传讯。break for [sth] vi + prep (pause, interrupt activity)中断去；因…中断After an hour's discussion, the committee broke for a coffee and a bite to eat.在几个小时的讨论过后，委员会成员中断了讨论，去喝咖啡，吃东西了。break free from [sth] v expr (escape)摆脱；从…挣脱出来The two convicts were finally able to break free from the chain gang.这两名罪犯终于挣脱铁链逃了出去。break [sth] open vtr + adj (open a seal)用力打开；撬开Let's break open the champagne to celebrate your success!break [sth] open vtr + adj (force open a lock)撬开（锁）The robbers broke the lock open using a crowbar.break the back of [sth] v expr figurative (do the hardest or biggest part of [sth])完成...最困难的部分；完成...的大部分break the news of [sth] v expr (announce [sth])宣布；公布；将...宣之于众break the record for [sth] v expr (surpass previous highest, best)打破...的记录break the seal on [sth] v expr (open: document, package)开启, 打开I warned him not to break the seal on the envelope before he gave it to the official.break through [sth] vtr + prep (demolish)突出（包围）；冲破（障碍物）The army used tanks to break through the barricades.军队用坦克冲破路障。break your neck to do [sth] v expr figurative (make effort)想尽一切办法We broke our necks to get our candidate elected.breast [sth] vtr (reach top of hill, incline)登上...的顶部；爬上...的顶breast [sth] vtr (move through)穿过；经过a breath of [sth] n figurative (hint)迹象Before we found out that Principal Simon had lied on his CV, there hadn't been a breath of suspicion about his credentials.在我们发现校长西蒙简历作假前，他的资历并未有任何令人怀疑的迹象。breathe [sth] vtr (air: inhale) (空气等)吸入David likes to go hiking to breathe the mountain air.戴维德喜欢去远足，去呼吸山间的清新空气。breathe [sth] vtr (emit)喷；呼出According to the legend, there is a dragon in the mountains who breathes fire.据传说记载，群山间住着一条能够喷火巨龙。breathe [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep figurative (instill, inspire)为...注入...；给...加入...Her writing has breathed new life into a tired old subject.她的作品为陈旧的主题注入了全新的生命。breathe [sth] vtr (whisper)以耳语声说；低声说Susan breathed the instructions into Harry's ear.苏珊低声将指示告诉哈利。breathe [sth] vtr (allow [sth] to rest)让...休息片刻；让...短暂休息After the hard ride, the jockey breathed his horse.一场劳累的骑行后，骑师让马儿休息片刻。breathe life into [sth] vtr figurative (revive, rejuvenate) (比喻)给予生气, 赋予活力The paramedics breathed life into the accident victim.breathe new life into [sth] v expr figurative (reinvent, rejuvenate)给…注入新的活力；让...获得新生Hiring Edie with her fresh new ideas will breathe new life into this company.breed [sth] vtr (raise livestock)饲养，养殖The farmer breeds sheep and cows.农夫养殖绵羊和奶牛。breed [sth] vtr (mate two animals) (动物)使...与...交配This female horse was bred with a male donkey, and she gave birth to a mule.这匹母马与一只公驴进行交配，之后她产下一只骡。breed [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (animal: make reproduce)杂交；配种If you breed a horse with a donkey, you get a mule.如果你让马和驴杂交，它们就会产下骡子。breed [sth] vtr (horticulture: make reproduce) (园艺学)培育，培植Researchers have bred a new type of zucchini plant.研究员成功培植出一种新型的绿皮西葫芦。breed [sth] vtr figurative (engender [sth])引起；造成；带来Boredom breeds discontent, so our school strives to challenge students in all subjects.无聊引起了不满，因此我们学校致力于在各学科为学生带去挑战。breeze into [sth] vi + prep (enter casually)信步走进Roger breezed into the room as though nothing were wrong.brew [sth] vtr (make, ferment: beer) (啤酒)酿造Lars enjoys brewing beer at home and experimenting with different flavors.拉尔斯喜欢在家酿造啤酒，尝试不同口味。brew [sth] vtr (make, infuse: coffee, tea) (咖啡、茶)煮；泡Holly brewed a pot of herbal tea for her guests.霍莉为她的客人煮了花茶。brew [sth] vtr US, figurative (devise, develop: a plan)酝酿，策划；惹（事）The group of teenage boys looked like they were brewing trouble.这群十几岁的男孩貌似要惹事。brick [sth] vtr often passive, informal (computer device: stop working) (电脑)把…变成砖头I bricked my phone when I tried to install that mod.当我尝试安装那个模组时，我的手机变成了砖块机。bridge [sth] vtr (make a bridge over [sth])在...上建桥；在...上架桥bridge [sth] vtr figurative (time: span) (时间等)跨度是，跨过，超过His long time as coach of the team bridged three generations.bridge [sth] vtr figurative (unite, reconcile)调和；和解bridle [sth] vtr (horse: restrain)约束；给...套笼头Pupils at the riding school learn to saddle and bridle their horses.bridle [sth] vtr figurative (control: excitement, etc.)控制；约束Try to bridle the children's excitement while we're in the car.当我们在车里的时候，尝试让孩子们不要过于兴奋。bridle at [sth] vi + prep (react resentfully to)对...愤恨回应；对...表示生气brief [sb] on [sth], brief [sb] about [sth] vtr + prep (apprise of)向某人通告某事的基本情况，给某人做某事的情况简要介绍The chief briefed his agents on the recent developments of the case.这名警长向他的代理人就案件近来的进展做了简要介绍。brigade [sth/sb] vtr (form into brigade)把…编成旅The commander brigaded the troops into a tight formation before beginning the march.brighten [sth] vtr (make brighter)使明亮；使亮起来A coat of fresh paint would help to brighten the room.刷上一层新油漆，有助于提亮房间。brighten [sth] vtr figurative (make more cheerful)使...明亮I took my mother some flowers to brighten her hospital room.brim with [sth] vi + prep (be full of)注满；充溢；充满The children were brimming with excitement. The old lady's eyes brimmed with tears as she spoke of her late husband.孩子们充满了激动的情绪。说到自己已故的丈夫，那位老妇人的眼中充溢着泪水。brimful of [sth], brimful with [sth] adj + prep (almost overflowing with)装满…的；快要溢出的The host handed me a goblet, brimful of wine.这家主人递给我一个装满葡萄酒的酒杯。brimful with [sth] adj + prep figurative (full of)充满...的, 有很多的The lecture hall was brimful of brilliant mathematicians.brimming with [sth] adj + prep (full of, containing [sth])装满了…的The glass was brimming with champagne.brimming with [sth] adj + prep figurative (full of [sth])充满着…的This young teacher is brimming with new ideas.brine [sth] vtr (treat with brine)用浓盐水处理；用浓盐水浸制Recently, many people have been brining their turkeys at Thanksgiving.bring [sth] vtr (carry [sth])拿；搬Bring that chair over here, will you?把那把椅子搬到这边来，好吗？bring [sth] vtr (take [sth] with you) (物)随身携带，带来Should I bring some wine with me?我该带点葡萄酒来吗？bring [sth] vtr (sell for, give: a sum) (利润)卖得；带来Those antiques should bring a good price.bring [sb] to do [sth] v expr (persuade [sb])促使；说服；引导Her speech brought us to accept her point of view.bring [sth], bring [sth] against [sb] vtr (legal: put [sth] forward)起诉；提起…诉讼She brought a lawsuit against her employer.bring [sb/sth] vtr (attract [sb], [sth])把…引来；吸引…前来This new window display should bring a crowd.bring back memories of [sth/sb] v expr (make [sb] remember)使人想起；让人回忆起The photographs brought back memories of Alan's childhood.bring [sth] back to life v expr figurative (reintroduce) (想法、项目等)恢复，重新开展，重新引入The idea, once rejected, has been brought back to life by proponents.bring [sth] home to [sb] v expr (with object: make clear)使...清楚地认识到...My car accident really brought home to me the importance of wearing a seat belt.bring [sth] into alignment vtr figurative (standardize)使标准化bring [sth] into alignment vtr (align, line [sth] up)使对齐bring [sth] into being vtr (create, begin [sth])使某事物产生；使形成bring [sth] into contention v expr (put forward, argue for [sth])为…争辩bring [sth] into focus v expr (visually: make [sth] sharper)把...置于焦点之上，对好焦距bring [sth] into focus v expr figurative (topic: make clear)使突出，使清楚地注意到，使明朗化bring [sth] into focus v expr figurative (topic: make central)使集中于；让...引起关注bring [sth/sb] into line with [sth], bring [sth/sb] in line with [sth] v expr (make [sth] correspond, conform)让...一致；让...协调bring [sth] into play vtr (align, line [sth] up)发挥；调动Artillery was brought into play and this caused the enemy to retreat.我们启用了火炮，因此敌军撤退了。bring [sth] into question v expr (cast doubt on [sth])令人对…产生怀疑bring [sth/sb] over vtr + adv (carry or take: to a given place)将…带过来I will bring the car over to your house if you drive me home afterwards.如果之后你开车送我回家，我就将车开到你家去。bring peace to [sth/sb] vtr + n (settle conflict)给...带来和平He is the latest in a long list of people that have tried to bring peace to the Middle East.bring [sth] to a/the boil v expr (heat [sth] to boiling point)把…煮沸bring [sth] to a close v expr (end or complete [sth])完成；结束Everyone at the meeting was tired and cranky, so we brought it to a close.bring [sth] to an end vtr (conclude, finish)结束；终结The conference was brought to an end in the late afternoon.bring [sth] to [sb]'s attention, bring [sth] to the attention of [sb] v expr (make [sb] aware of)使...注意；引起注意An employee brought the matter to my attention.bring [sth/sb] to bay v expr (hunted animal, person: corner, trap)使...陷入困境；把...困住bring [sth] to bear on [sth] v expr (apply [sth])施加Ali brought all his strength to bear on the heavy door.bring [sth] to completion v expr (complete, finish)结束；终结；完成bring [sth/sb] to fever pitch v expr informal (make frenzied)致使…狂热The crowd were brought to fever pitch when the band walked onto the stage.当乐队上台后，人群变得狂热。bring [sth] to fruition v expr (make a success of, accomplish)实现bring [sb/sth] to heel v expr figurative (subjugate)使...顺从；让...服从bring [sth] to life v expr figurative (enliven)给予…以活力The party was boring until the band started playing and brought it to life.bring [sth/sb] to life v expr figurative (make seem real)将...塑造得栩栩如生A good movie adaptation really brings the characters to life.bring [sth/sb] to life v expr often passive (give life)赋予...生命；让...活过来A fairy brought the puppet Pinocchio to life.bring [sth] to light v expr figurative (reveal [sth] secret)揭露；揭发We should bring his outrageous actions to light.bring [sb/sth] to mind v expr (recall)想起；回忆起The smell of bread baking brings to mind the years I spent in boarding school.bring [sth] to the boil v expr (liquid in pan: heat until boiling)使...沸腾；煮沸bring [sb/sth] together, bring together [sb/sth] vtr + adv (unite)使团结；使走到一起Sunday lunch at my parents' house brings the whole family together.星期天，我父母家的午餐将全家人都聚在了一起。bring [sth] together, bring together [sth] vtr + adv (collect)使集合；聚集；汇集This exhibition brings together all of Picasso's major paintings.本次展览汇集了毕加索所有的主要画作。bring yourself to do [sth] v expr (force yourself to do [sth])强迫自己做某事备注: Usually used in the negativeI can't bring myself to see a film that's that violent.briquette [sth] vtr (shape into briquettes)压煤饼, 做煤球broach [sth] vtr (subject: bring up)谈起；引入I am not sure how to broach the matter of the missing payment with my employer.我不确定如何跟我的老板谈没付钱的事。broadcast [sth] vtr (TV, radio) (电视、广播)广播，播放The local news is broadcast at six o'clock every weekday.周内每天六点播放本地新闻。broadcast [sth] vtr figurative (tell everybody)散布；传播Mallory broadcast her classmate's secret to the whole class.马洛里向全班散布她同班同学的秘密。broadcast [sth] vtr US (seed) (种子)播，撒The farmer plans to broadcast grass seed this weekend in the back field.农夫计划这周末在田地后侧播撒草籽。broaden [sth] vtr (make physically wider)弄宽；加宽The solution to all these traffic jams is to broaden the motorway.要想解决所有这些交通拥堵，那就得加宽高速公路。broaden [sth] vtr figurative (expand: an idea)加大；加宽；拓展The violinist's manager is attempting to broaden the appeal of classical music to a larger audience.那位小提琴家的经纪人想要拓展古典音乐的影响力，让更多的听众喜欢上古典音乐。broadside [sth/sb] vtr (hit on the side, esp. vehicle) (尤指车辆)与…侧面相撞，撞上…的侧面broider [sth] vtr archaic (embroider)刺绣broil [sth] vtr US (grill: cook directly under heat source)烤；炙烤；烧烤Broil the steak over hot coals until it is medium rare.I seared the beef by broiling it at a high temperature.将牛排在热炭上烤至五分熟。// 我用高温把牛肉烤焦了。broker [sth] vtr (deal)安排； (交易等)做成；达成The film studio managed to broker a deal with the agent for a major Hollywood star.那家电影工作室与一位好莱坞大明星的经纪人达成了交易。bronze [sth] vtr figurative (get a suntan)晒成古铜色；晒黑All that Caribbean sun has bronzed you nicely.加勒比的太阳将你晒成了好看的古铜色。bronze [sth] vtr often passive (coat in bronze)上青铜色Sheila bronzed her son's baby shoes as a keepsake.brood [sth] vtr (sit on: eggs)孵化；孵This species broods its eggs for as long as three weeks.这个物种孵化需要三周。brood over [sth], brood about [sth] vi + prep (think too much about)翻来覆去地想；郁闷地反复思索There is no point in brooding over things that have happened in the past. Jamie has been brooding about the outcome of last night's football game all morning.事情已经发生了，再翻来覆去地想也没有意义。杰米一早上都在想昨晚的球赛结果。brood [sth] vtr (bird: cover babies with wings)用翅膀遮盖住...；用翅膀挡住...In the nest, the mother bird broods her young.brook [sth] vtr (tolerate)忍耐；忍受备注: Usually used with negative sentences.Hush! I refuse to brook such insolence!browbeat [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (coerce into doing)恐吓某人做某事brown [sth] vtr (make brown from heat)把…烤得焦黄；使…变成褐色；把…烤成棕色The heat of the oven browned the turkey.brown [sth] vtr (sauté, fry)煎；炒；煸First you need to brown the potatoes.你需要先炒土豆。browse through [sth] vi + prep (publication: look through)翻阅；浏览Arnold smiled as he browsed through his old high school yearbook.阿诺德翻阅着高中的年册，露出了微笑。browse [sth] vtr (navigate: internet, web)上网浏览Ronald enjoys browsing the internet for science articles in his free time.罗纳德喜欢在空闲的时候浏览科学文章。browse on [sth] vi + prep (animals: feed on [sth])以...为食物；啃食The herd of goats browsed on grass and twigs in the pasture.bruise [sth/sb] vtr (person, body: leave a bruise)弄伤；擦伤；伤到I bruised my knee when I walked into the fire hydrant.我不小心撞到了消防栓，伤到了自己的膝盖。bruise [sth] vtr (fruit: damage) (水果)碰伤...You'll bruise the peaches if you handle them that roughly.；bruise [sth] vtr (crush or press food)研磨；捣碎Bruise the herbs before adding them to the mixture.bruise [sth] vtr figurative (injure: [sb]'s feelings) (感情)伤害...Emily bruised Jessica's pride when she won the chess game.bruit [sth] vtr often passive (spread: a rumour) (谣言)传播，散布，散播News that the firm would be closing was bruited around the office.这家公司要关门的消息在办公室里散播开来。brush [sth] vtr (clean, scrub)用刷子刷，用刷子清洁； (头发)梳理She brushed the carpet with a stiff-bristled brush.Selina brushed her long hair until it was shiny.她用一把硬毛刷把地毯刷干净了。// 赛琳娜把自己的长发梳理得顺滑发亮。brush [sth] on [sth], brush [sth] onto [sth] vtr + prep (paint, etc.: apply)把（油漆等）刷在…上The carpenter brushed more paint onto the table.木匠把更多油漆刷在桌子上。brush [sth] off, brush [sth] off [sth] vtr + adv (remove, wipe)掸掉，把…掸掉，把…从…上拭去He brushed the crumbs off his shirt front.他把衬衫前襟上的面包屑掸掉。brush [sth] vtr (touch lightly)轻点；轻触；擦过She gently brushed my arm with the back of her hand.她用手背轻触我的胳膊。brush [sth] vtr (teeth: clean)刷（牙）He brushed his teeth before going to bed.睡觉前他刷了牙。brush with [sth/sb] n (brief encounter)掠过；遭遇；擦肩而过Lily drove much more cautiously after her brush with death.brush [sth] away vtr + adv (remove)擦掉；掸掉；弹掉James brushed away his tears and began to smile.brush [sth] back, brush back [sth] vtr + adv (hair: comb back)把（头发）向后梳Rachel brushed back her hair.brush [sth] off, brush off [sth] vtr + adv (clean)刷去, 拂去Brush off the bench before you sit down.坐下前先把长凳擦一下。brush up [sth], brush [sth] up vtr (improve [sth]'s appearance)润色，改善，改观Shaun took advantage of the time he spent unemployed by brushing up his CV.肖恩利用他失业的那段时期来完善他的简历。brush up against [sth/sb] v expr (touch)轻触；擦碰；触碰I brushed up against him just as he was leaving.Brylcreem [sth] vtr ® (slick with Brylcreem) 没有提供翻译 buck [sth] vtr figurative (oppose, reject)反对；拒绝The students bucked the idea of rescheduling the final exam.buck against [sth] vi + prep figurative (reject, oppose)坚决反对；坚持拒绝Congress bucked against the president's proposal.bucket [sth] vtr (put [sth] in bucket)把...装进桶里；把...放进桶里Bucket the shells and bring them back to the house.把贝壳装进桶里，带回房子里来。bucket [sb/sth] vtr AU, slang (criticize harshly)严厉批评；严厉指责bucket, bucket along [sth], bucket down [sth] vi + prep UK (travel quickly)沿着…快速前进；沿着…高速行进，沿着…高速行驶The car was bucketing along the road.车子沿着道路高速行驶。bucketful of [sth] n (amount of [sth] in a bucket)一桶...Lily dug a hole in the sand and tipped three bucketfuls of water into it.buckle [sth] vtr (fasten)扣上；扣紧The little girl hastily buckled her shoes and dashed out the door.小女孩急忙扣上鞋子冲出了门。buckle [sth] vtr (bend [sth])把...弄弯；使...弯曲The intense heat has buckled the road surface.酷热使路面弯曲变形。buckram [sth] vtr (strengthen with buckram)用硬粗布给…做硬衬bud [sth] vtr (plant: graft)使抽芽；使出芽It is possible to bud roses onto a sturdier stalk to create a stronger plant.budget for [sth] vi + prep (allocate money for [sth])把…编入预算；计划购置Ophelia budgeted for a small economy car, not a full-sized sedan.奥菲利亚计划购置一辆小型的经济型用车，而非全长型的轿车。budget [sth] for [sth] vtr + prep (money: allocate)计划拨款…用于，预算拨款…用于；计划花…用于The agency has budgeted 10 million dollars for humanitarian aid.该代理商计划拨款1000万美元用于人道主义援助。buff [sth] vtr (shine)擦亮；擦净Jimmy buffs his shoes once a week.吉米每周擦亮一次自己的鞋子。buff [sth] vtr (leather: polish)把...擦亮；给...抛光Not many people are experts at buffing leather anymore.buffer [sth] vtr figurative (cushion from an impact)缓和...的冲击；减轻...的影响The fresh snow buffered the impact when Tina fell down.蒂娜摔倒了， 幸好有刚下的雪缓冲了下。buffer [sth] vtr (store, cache: streaming data) (计算机)缓存（数据）Data is buffered in the computer's RAM.数据缓存在计算机运行内存中。buffer [sth] vtr (add chemical buffer to [sth])向...中加入化学缓冲剂Buffer the solution with sodium bicarbonate to increase the pH level.buffer [sb/sth] from [sth] vtr + prep figurative (cushion from impact of)缓冲；减震buffet [sth/sb] vtr (knock around)不停敲打；反复拍击Strong winds buffeted the little boat and it almost capsized.buffet [sth/sb] vtr figurative (assail)击打；猛攻bug [sth] vtr (attach listening device)在...安装窃听设备The FBI bugged the office in order to catch the suspect.美国联邦调查局为了抓捕嫌犯，在这间办公室里安装了窃听设备。bugger [sth] vtr UK, figurative, vulgar, slang (ruin [sth])毁坏；毁灭Downloading that corrupt file has buggered my laptop.build [sth] vtr (construct)修造；修建The construction company built the house in two months.建筑公司在两个月内建好了房子。build [sth] vtr (establish and develop: a career)创立（事业）；建立（事业）He has built an international career for himself in business management.他在工商管理领域为自己创立一项国际事业。build [sth] vtr (cause to be built)建造，修建Donald will build a house on the coast. The builders will start in March.唐纳德要在海边建一座房子。建筑工人将于3月开工。build [sth] vtr (develop)开发；建设We're hoping to build this town into a nice place to live.build [sth] vtr (computing) (计算机程序等)编写Build a copy of the application for that customer, please.build [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (make part of)使…固定于；将...成为...的一部分The carpenter built shelves into the wall.build [sth] up, build up [sth] vtr + adv (construct) (墙等)筑，砌，把…建筑得更高大They built up the wall using bricks made from local stone.他们用本地石料制成的砖砌成了这堵墙。buildup, build-up, buildup of [sth], build-up of [sth] n (gradual increase)逐渐增多Lack of exercise leads to a gradual build-up of fat in the body.buildup, build-up, buildup to [sth], build-up to [sth] n figurative (gradual approach to an event)造势；造势活动I'll be watching the build-up to the big game on the sports channel.bulge with [sth] vi + prep (be full)塞满；装满；放满The boy's pockets were bulging with the conkers he had collected.男孩的口袋里装满了他收集的七叶树果子。the bulk of [sth] n (most, greater part)大部分；大头They are requesting that the bulk of the payment be made in advance.他们正在要求预付大部分的款项。bulk [sth] vtr US (expand)使…扩大；增加The city bulked the police force due to increased crime.bull [sth] vtr (finance: attempt to inflate)企图抬高价格The trader is trying to bull stock in this company.那位交易商企图提高这家公司的股价。bulldog [sb/sth] vtr mainly US, informal (attack roughly)凶猛地攻击...bulldog [sth] vtr US, regional (wrestle steer)抓住双角摔倒...bulldoze [sth] vtr (dig, demolish using a bulldozer)用推土机推倒They bulldozed a row of houses to make way for a supermarket.bulldoze [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep figurative (force to do, intimidate)强迫...做...My colleagues bulldozed me into doing the presentation.bulletin [sth] vtr (make known by bulletin)通过新闻快报公布The authorities bulletined the warning through all TV and radio stations.bulletproof [sth] vtr (make resistant to bullets)使防弹Jones bulletproofed his car after receiving several threats on his life.bully [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep (force using threats)威胁某人做某事；威逼某人做某事Greg didn't want to shoplift, but his classmates bullied him into it.格雷格并不想去商店行窃，不过他的同学们逼他如此做。bully [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (force using threats)威胁某人做某事；威逼某人做某事A group of older girls bullied Lea into handing over her lunch money.一群年长些的女孩威胁莱亚交出她买午餐的钱。bum [sth] vtr slang (obtain by asking, begging)求得，讨到；搭（车）I wound down my car window and the man asked me if he could bum a ride.我把车窗摇了下来，那个男人问我能否搭个便车。bum [sth] off [sb], bum [sth] from [sb] vtr + prep slang (obtain by asking, begging)从...那里求得...；从...那里讨到...Brad is always bumming cigarettes off his friends.布拉德总是从朋友那里讨香烟。bump [sth/sb] vtr (knock lightly) (轻微地)碰，撞Polly accidentally bumped her sister's shoulder.波莉不小心撞到了妹妹的肩膀。bump [sth] vtr (cricket: create high bounce) (板球)投快速反弹球The bowler bumped the ball and the batsman missed.投球手投出高弹球，击球手没有打中。bump [sth] vtr (internet thread, post: send to top) (网络)置顶Susie was banned from the group for bumping her posts more than once a day.由于苏西每天超过一次地置顶自己的帖子，被小组封禁了。bump [sth] vtr (volleyball) (排球)垫传The volleyball player bumped the ball back over the net.bunch of [sth] n (bananas, grapes: clump) (葡萄)一串； (香蕉)一把Marcy had toast and a small bunch of grapes for breakfast.玛茜早餐吃了吐司和一小串葡萄。bunch of [sth] n (flowers: bouquet)一束；一把The magician pulled a bunch of flowers from his sleeve.魔术师从袖子中抽出了一束花。bunch of [sth] n (collection: of keys, etc.) (钥匙等)一串The prison guard had a bunch of keys dangling from his belt.狱警的皮带上挂着一串钥匙。a bunch of [sth] n US, figurative, slang (large amount of [sth])一束；一群I've got a bunch of work to do today.a bunch of [sth] n US, figurative, informal (large number of [sth])一堆；大量Take as many beers as you like; I've got a bunch of them.你想拿多少啤酒就拿多少，我有一堆呢。bundle, bundle of [sth] n ([sth] wrapped for transport)打包好的东西；捆好的东西George put the bundle of firewood in the trunk of his car.乔治把捆好的木柴放进他车子的后备箱里。bundle [sth] vtr (wrap together)捆扎；包裹The steaks were bundled in sheets of brown paper and tied with twine.牛排用牛皮纸包着，外面还系着麻线。bundle [sth] vtr (group products for sale)把...捆绑在一起销售；把...打包销售If you bundle the toy truck, the metal sign, and the antique lamp, I'll give you $200.如果你把玩具卡车、金属标牌以及古董台灯捆绑在一起销售的话，我就付你200美元。bundle [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep (push quickly)匆忙地把…推至（某处）bung [sth] vtr (seal with a stopper)塞住；堵塞I bunged the hole in the wall with a ball of paper.我用一团纸塞住了墙上的孔。bung [sth] vtr UK, slang (put)扔，放The post is here; I'll just bung yours on the table for later.邮递员来了。我就把你的信件放在桌上，你等会来拿。；bungle [sth] vtr (do incompetently)弄糟；弄坏；笨拙地做The gang tried to hold up a bank, but they bungled the robbery and got caught.这帮劫匪企图抢劫银行，但是他们搞砸了并被抓获。bunker [sth] vtr (golf: hit into sand trap) (高尔夫)击球入洞The golfer bunkered her shot.bunker [sth] vtr UK, figurative, informal (hinder)掩体bunker [sth] vtr (nautical: add fuel)加燃料The workers bunkered the shipbunt [sth] vtr (baseball: bat lightly so it hits ground near home plate) (棒球术语)短打bunt [sth] vtr rare (butt, push with head or horns)抵；撞buoy [sth], buoy [sth] up vtr (keep afloat)使浮起；使漂浮备注: Usually followed by "up."The vessel is buoyed up by airbags that surround it.那艘船靠围绕四周的空气袋浮在水面上。buoy [sth] vtr figurative (cheer, hearten)使打起精神，鼓舞，鼓励Our spirits were buoyed when we heard news of the rescue.当我们听到救援消息时，我们都振作起来了。buoy [sth] up, buoy up [sth] vtr + adv figurative (prices, etc., bolster, raise) (价格)提高…的价格buoy [sb/sth] up, buoy up [sb/sth] vtr + adv literal (cause to float)使…浮起burden [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep figurative (impose [sth] troublesome)把某事加诸在某人肩上；用某事劳烦某人Don't burden your mother with your problems.别用你自己的问题去劳烦母亲。burden [sth] with [sth] vtr (load)给…装（货）They burdened the truck with even more weight.他们给卡车装了更多货。burden yourself with [sth] v expr (responsibility)为…所累；使自己承受太多负担Don't burden yourself with the practical side of moving house: leave it to the removal men.不要让自己承担太多实际搬家的工作：把它留给搬运人员。burden yourself with [sth] v expr (concerns)使自己受困扰；为…所烦扰Don't burden yourself with my insignificant problems.不用为了无关紧要的问题而烦恼。bureaucratize [sth], also UK: bureaucratise [sth] vtr (make [sth] bureaucratic)使官僚化burglarize [sth] vtr US, often passive (burgle: a house)入室抢劫；入室行窃The brothers were found guilty of burglarizing four properties in the same street.这对兄弟因入室盗窃同一条街上的四所房子而被判有罪。burglarproof [sth] (US), burglar-proof [sth] (UK) vtr (protect against theft)给...做防盗处理；为...防偷；为...防贼burgle [sth] vtr UK, often passive (enter and steal from)入室行窃；闯入…行窃The police have caught the man who burgled my house.警察抓获了入室盗窃我家的那个人。burke [sth] vtr (suppress indirectly)秘密镇压某事burn [sth] vtr (set afire)烧毁, 烧掉, 烧坏；烧, 使燃烧, 使着火He burned the documents so nobody would ever see them.他把文件烧了，这样就再也没人能看到这些文件了。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 冬天他们烧柴取暖。burn [sth] vtr (energy, calories) (精力、能量等)消耗Let the kids run around so they burn all their energy.让孩子们到处跑跑，这样就会把精力都消耗掉了。burn [sth] vtr (combust fuel)使用…作为燃料The plane must have burned a thousand litres by now.burn [sb/sth] vtr US, slang (sports: beat, score against) (尤指快速得手)击败，在…上得分The Bulls really burned the Knicks in last night's basketball game!在昨晚的篮球比赛中，公牛队彻底击败了尼克斯队！burn [sth] vtr (record on CD) (光盘)刻录I'll burn the music on a CD for you.burn, burn [sth] vtr (scorch)烧焦；烤焦The area was like a desert. The sun's heat had burned all the vegetation.这个区域宛如沙漠一般。太阳的热浪把所有植被都烤焦了。burn [sth] down vtr + adv (destroy by fire)烧毁；焚毁A fire burnt the hotel down.一场大火把那家酒店烧毁了。burn in [sth], burn [sth] in, print in [sth], print [sth] in vtr + adv (photography) (摄影)加深burn [sth] off vtr + adv (use up: energy)消耗（脂肪）；消耗（热量）；燃烧（脂肪）This exercise is a good way of burning off calories.burn [sth] off vtr + adv (remove by fire)烧掉；烧除One method of cleaning up an oil spill is to burn off the oil.burn [sth] off vtr + adv (cause to evaporate)使...蒸发；使...消失burn [sth] to the ground v expr (destroy by fire)把...全部烧毁The fire burned the hotel to the ground.burnish [sth] vtr (rub smooth and shiny) (金属等)将…擦亮The artist burnished the drawing with a white pencil.艺术家用白色铅笔提亮了这幅画。burnish [sth] vtr (image, reputation: enhance) (形象、荣誉)提升；美化burr [sth] vtr (form rough edge on)在…形成毛边If you use the wrong saw you will burr the edges.burr [sth], deburr [sth] vtr (remove burrs from)从…去除毛边Michael burred the edges of the sheet metal.burrow through [sth] vi + prep (move through)挖洞钻过；打洞穿过Badgers burrow through the earth with their claws.獾用它们的爪子打洞穿过地下。burst [sth] vtr (cause rupture)使破裂；使爆裂The stress of her new job caused Carolyn to burst a blood vessel in her eye.来自卡洛琳新工作的压力，让她眼睛里的一条血管破裂了。burst [sth] vtr (break, tear [sth])使绽开，使裂开Larry laughed so hard, he burst his trousers.拉里笑得太过用力，裤子都裂开了。burst of [sth] n (outbreak of gunfire, etc.) (枪火的)爆发He was wounded by a burst of mortar fire.他因为迫击炮的突然开火而受伤。burst of [sth] n (sudden emission)爆发；迸发With a burst of energy, Joy surpassed the other runners and won the race.由于身体机能的突然大爆发，乔伊超越了其他赛跑选手，赢得了比赛。burst through [sth] vi + prep (suddenly enter)突然进入The police burst through the front door, looking for the criminal.burst through [sth] vi + prep (suddenly break and come through)冲开，撞开A dinosaur suddenly burst through the brick wall.be bursting with [sth] v expr figurative (be full of [sth])充满burst with [sth] v expr figurative (feel intense: pride, emotion)突然增加；感受强烈备注: Often used in continuous tenses.bursting with [sth] adj informal, figurative (full of: emotion) (情感)满是；充满When she won the scholarship, her parents were bursting with pride.bursting with [sth] adj informal (container, bag: full)塞满...的, 装满...的bury [sth] vtr (put [sth] under the earth)掩埋；埋藏The teacher buried the time capsule while the students watched.学生们看着老师将时间胶囊埋入土中。bury [sb/sth] vtr (person, animal: inter)埋葬；葬We buried my grandmother on a rainy day.我们在雨天下葬了我的祖母。bury [sb/sth] vtr (snow, debris: cover [sb], [sth])覆盖；遮盖Snow buried the road.雪覆盖了道路。bury [sth] vtr figurative (feelings: suppress)掩藏；压抑After failing the interview, the applicant buried her disappointment and tried to be positive.面试失败后，申请人掩藏了内心的失望，试着保持积极的心态。bury [sth] vtr figurative (secret, bad news: hide)隐藏，隐瞒；掩盖The government used coverage of the earthquake to bury the news about their tax increases.政府通过报道地震的新闻来掩盖他们增税的消息。bury yourself in [sth] v expr figurative (engross yourself in [sth])使...沉浸于；埋头于；置身于On rainy days, the best thing to do is bury yourself in a good book.下雨天，最美好的事情就是把自己埋在一本好书里。bury [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep (embed)嵌入The nail was buried firmly in the wall.钉子深深扎进墙里。bury yourself in [sth] v expr figurative (become immersed in [sth])专注于；全神贯注于bus [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (convey by bus)用公交车将…运送到The kids were bussed to the park for the trip.孩子们乘公交车去公园郊游。bus [sth] vtr US (restaurant: clean tables)餐厅服务员收拾桌子Mark's first job was busing tables at a diner; now he is a chef.马克的第一份工作是在一家餐厅收拾桌子，如今，他已经是名主厨了。bush [sth] vtr (cover [sth] with bushes)用灌木遮盖；用灌木掩盖We should bush the motorcycle to camouflage it.我们应该用灌木遮盖这辆摩托车，为它进行伪装。bushwhack [sb/sth] vtr (ambush, surprise attack)伏击, 埋伏busload of [sth] n (total number of people on a bus)公交车运载人数The driver was transporting a busload of tourists to the ancient ruins.司机搭载一公交车的旅客前往古迹。bust [sth] vtr informal (break)弄坏，打碎，打破Randy busted his new phone already.兰迪已经把新手机弄坏了。bust [sth] vtr slang (police: arrest, raid)逮捕，搜捕，破获；突击搜查Police have bust a major prostitution ring.警方成功破获了一个大型卖淫团伙。bust [sth/sb] vtr (make [sb/sth] bankrupt)使破产；使倒闭The poor economy has busted a lot of new businesses.不景气的经济环境，让很多新兴企业都破产了。bust [sb] out, bust [sb] out of [sth] vtr + adv US, slang (help to escape)帮…逃出来；帮…逃出…His friends will bust him out of jail.bustle with [sth/sb] vi + prep (be busy with: people, activity)充满忙忙碌碌的；到处都是繁忙的On Saturdays, the town square bustles with activity.周六的镇中心广场总是人头攒动，非常热闹。busy with [sth] adj + prep (occupied doing [sth])忙于Tia's parents are busy with preparations for her fifth birthday party.蒂亚的父母正忙于筹办她的5岁庆生派对。busy doing [sth] expr (occupied doing [sth])忙于；忙碌于Simon was busy cleaning the house when the doorbell rang.西蒙正忙着做家务的时候，门铃响了。butcher [sth] vtr (animal: slaughter) (对动物)屠宰，宰杀I don't want to live near a place that butchers animals.我不想住在屠宰动物的地方附近。butcher [sth] vtr figurative (perform badly)将（某事物）弄得一团糟；糟蹋What a racket! You're butchering my favourite song!吵死啦！你简直是在糟蹋我最喜欢的歌！butcher [sth] vtr figurative (botch)糟蹋；弄砸Many of her fans think the director butchered her novel.许多粉丝认为这位导演糟蹋了她的小说。butt [sth/sb] vtr (ram)（用头或角）顶；撞The goat butted the door open with its horns.山羊用角把门顶开了。butt-dial [sb/sth] vtr mainly US, slang (phone by accident)意外拨打；误拨butt up against [sth] v expr (be adjacent to)边缘与...相接；与...前后接连The decorative moulding butts up against the door.butter [sth] vtr (to apply butter)抹黄油；涂黄油Do you butter your bread on both sides?你在面包的两面都涂黄油吗？butterfly [sth] vtr (culinary: split open and spread) (烹饪)摊平；铺平First, you need to butterfly the chicken breast.button [sth] vtr (clothing: fasten)扣上；扣紧Andy quickly buttoned his shirt and put a jacket on.安迪迅速扣上自己的衬衣，穿上夹克。button [sth/sb] vtr usually passive (furnish with buttons)给...钉上扣子；给...缝上扣子The tailor buttoned the silk waistcoat.buttonhole [sb], buttonhole [sb] into [sth] vtr US, figurative, informal (accost, force to converse)强迫…谈论The next thing I knew, he'd buttonholed me into a discussion about taxes.buttonhole [sb] about [sth] vtr + prep US, figurative, informal (accost, force to converse about)强迫…谈论The reporter buttonholed the congressman about budget cuts.buttonhole [sb] into doing [sth] v expr US, figurative, informal (accost, force to do)强迫…做The interviewer buttonholed me into making comments I later regretted.buttress [sth] vtr figurative (reinforce, support)用撑墙加固；支撑；支持Richard quoted a number of experts to buttress his argument.理查德引用了许多专家的说法来支持他的论点。buy [sth] vtr (purchase)买；购买Billy is going to buy a car.比利要买车了。buy [sth] vtr slang (believe) (俚语)相信The policeman didn't buy the suspect's story.警察并不相信嫌疑人的话。buy [sth] vtr (acquire)收购Our company is going to buy its competitor.buy [sth] vtr figurative (enable acquisition of [sth]) (比喻)（花钱）买到, 获得, 换取Money can't buy happiness.buy [sth] vtr (obtain services of [sb])（花钱）享受到…的服务One million euros will buy a good striker.buy [sth] at auction v expr (purchase by bidding)在拍卖会上拍下buy [sth] down, buy down [sth] vtr (rate: lower with a subsidy) (利率)买低备注: 住宅开发商或卖方会向放款人支付补助款，以买低购房者者的实际利率，从而降低他们的每月供款buy [sth] on credit v expr (purchase [sth] now, pay later)赊购I bought my TV set on credit and I'm paying it back in weekly instalments.buzz, buzz about [sth], buzz for [sth] n figurative, informal (interest)对…感兴趣，热衷于There has been a lot of buzz this season for plaid skirts.在这个季节大家都很热衷于格子裙。buzz [sth] vtr ([sb]'s hair: cut with razor)用剃刀剃He buzzed his hair during the summer.夏天，他用剃刀剃掉了头发。buzz [sth] vtr (animal's coat: shear) (动物的毛)修剪，剪掉He buzzed the two dogs' coats so they would stop shedding.他修剪了两只狗狗的毛，这样它们就不会掉毛了。buzz [sth] vtr (fly aircraft low over [sth])在...上空低空飞行The fighter jets buzzed the ship during the military exercises. The rebel plane buzzed the beach and frightened the vacationers.军事演习时，战斗机在轮船上空低空飞行。反叛军的飞机在沙滩上空低空飞行，吓坏了度假的人。buzz around [sth] vi + prep (bee: fly with humming sound) (蜜蜂)嗡嗡地在...周围飞来飞去I don't like it when bees buzz around my head.buzz around [sth] vi + prep informal, figurative ([sb]: move busily) (人)匆忙地做She buzzed around the office, completing task after task.by dint of [sth] prep dated (by means of: work, effort)凭借；借助By dint of brilliant organization, we were able to depart on time.by means of [sth] prep (via)通过；凭借The artist has depicted the light falling on the objects by means of crosshatching.艺术家通过交叉排线的方法来描绘灯光落在物体上的效果。do [sth] by the numbers v expr figurative (do [sth] conventionally, by the rules)按照规定程序；按常规的by the side of [sth] expr (next to)在…旁边Our fishing camp is built by the side of the lake.by way of [sth] prep (going through)通过，途径She flew from Khartoum to Kathmandu by way of Dubai.她从喀土穆，途经迪拜飞往加德满都。by way of [sth] prep (as)作为；当成Glen sent Sandy a box of chocolates by way of an apology.格伦送给桑迪一盒巧克力以表歉意。byline [sth], by-line [sth] vtr (article: attribute) (文章)署名行bypass [sth], by-pass vtr (go around)绕过；越过The truck driver bypassed the small towns in order to arrive quicker.为了快一点到达目的地，卡车司机绕过了那个小镇。bypass [sb/sth] vtr figurative (proceed without regard to [sth])绕过；避开；越过Henry decided to bypass his supervisor and go ahead with his plan.亨利决定绕过他的主管，继续他的计划。a byword for [sth] n (epitome, synonym)典范；代表事物The Italian city of Milan is a byword for fashion.cabbage [sth] vtr informal, dated (steal)偷；偷窃备注: 指小偷小摸cabin [sb/sth] vtr figurative, often passive (confine [sb/sth] in small place)软禁；监禁During the lockdown, the whole family was cabined in their small apartment.在封锁期间，全家人都被困在他们的小公寓中。cable [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep dated (send by telegraph)拍电报把...通知给...；给…发电报通知...Brian cabled a message to his mother.布莱恩给母亲发了条电报。cable [sb] [sth] vtr dated (send a telegraph to)拍电报给...通知...；给…发电报通知...The agent cabled the government an urgent message.那名特工给政府发了一封紧急电报。cable [sth/sb] vtr (provide [sth/sb] with cable)给...配备电缆/钢索cable [sth] vtr often passive (supply with cable television)给…安装有线电视Our house isn't cabled, so we only get local channels.cablecast [sth] vtr (broadcast by cabletelevision)有线电视播送cache [sth] vtr (store in computer memory)高速缓存The browser caches websites to decrease future loading times.浏览器通过缓存网站来降低之后的读取时间。cache [sth] vtr (conceal, hide)藏匿；隐藏Billy cached a secret supply of candy in his tree house.cadge [sth] vtr informal (obtain by begging)通过乞讨得到，讨得I'll get home somehow; probably I'll cadge a ride.不管怎样，我都会回家的，我可能会去问别人搭个便车。cadge [sth] from [sb], cadge [sth] off [sb] vtr informal (obtain by begging)向...讨要Grayson cadged a quarter from his neighbor to feed the parking meter.cage [sth] vtr (animal: keep in a cage)把...关进笼内Pet owners should not cage their pets as punishment.宠物主人们不可以把自己的宠物关进笼里作为惩罚。be cagey about [sth] v expr (evade: an issue)对…回避Why are you being cagey about your plans for tonight?cajole [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (coax, persuade)说服Ron cajoled his parents into allowing him to borrow their car.cake [sth] vtr (form into a cake shape)使…成饼状Cake the explosive mixture, and carefully place it on the table.cake [sth] vtr often passive (cover)覆盖；给…涂满The lorry's tyres were caked with mud.caked with [sth] adj (covered)沾满…的，满是…的The boys' shoes were caked with mud.calcify [sth] vtr (convert into or become lime)使...钙化calcine [sth] vtr (break down by heating)锻烧calculate [sth] vtr (determine, measure [sth])计算Using this formula we can calculate the height of the trees.我们运用这个公式可以计算树的高度。calculate [sth] vtr (compute [sth])计算, 运算It took the computer several hours to calculate the exact distance.计算机用了几个小时来运算准确距离。calculate [sth] vtr (estimate, predict [sth])估计；估算；预测It's difficult to calculate how long the move will take.很难估计搬家需要多久时间。calculate [sth] vtr (consider [sth] carefully)精心策划；仔细考虑You failed to calculate how much your words would upset them.你并未细想过你的话会引起他们的不安。calculated to do [sth] prep (intended)旨在；目的是；打算calendar [sth] vtr US (schedule)规划日程George calendared the meeting for Monday.calibrate [sth] vtr (weapon: set range for) (武器)校准It is difficult to precisely calibrate the range of a cannon.准确地校准加农炮的射程很困难。calibrate [sth] vtr (instrument: set gradations) (仪器)校准；标定In order for the measurements to be accurate, the scale needs to be calibrated.为了测量准确，这个秤需要校准。call [sth] vtr (shout aloud)大声说出；大声读出He called the names on the list and we wrote them down.他大声宣读列表上的名字，我们把名字记了下来。call [sb] [sth] vtr often passive (name [sb] [sth]) (某人)称呼The baby's due in three weeks but we don't know what to call her.宝宝还有三周就出生了，但我们还不知道该叫她什么。call for [sth] n (appeal)请求，要求，呼吁；召唤，呼唤The principal's call for action followed a number of problems at the school.学校出现了许多问题后，校长站出来呼吁要有所作为。call for [sth] n uncountable (demand)需求；需要There's little call for typewriter repair these days.现在打字机修理已经没有什么需求了。call [sb] to [sth] vtr (summon to religious vocation) (宗教)召唤…担任备注: 指上帝召唤人担任神职God called him to the priesthood.call [sth] vtr (proclaim) (裁判)判决The umpire called the ball out.call [sth] vtr (hunting: lure) (捕猎，狩猎)（模仿动物的声音）引诱He called the grouse into the open.call [sth] vtr (demand payment)催…还款；让…还款The debt could be called at any moment.call [sb] [sth] vtr (label)把…叫做How dare you call me a cheat!call [sth] [sth] vtr informal (consider)认为I call it a scandal.call [sth] vtr (convene)召集They've called a meeting for tomorrow morning.call [sth] vtr (order into effect)下令Union leaders called an end to the strike after two weeks.call [sth] vtr (sports: end due to conditions) (比赛等)中止；暂停；停止The game was called due to the rain.call [sth] [sth] vtr informal (estimate)估计Let's call it three miles from here to there.call [sth] vtr (cards: demand to see a hand) (卡牌)叫…开牌；叫…摊牌After the third round, anyone may call the hand.call [sth] vtr (poker: equal a bet) (德州扑克游戏)跟I'll call your ten and raise you ten.call [sth] vtr informal (forecast correctly)提前决定In American pool, you have to call your shot before you play it.在美国的台球比赛中，你必须在击球前报袋。call a halt to [sth] v expr (order an end to, stop)暂停；停止；制止The machine broke, so the foreman called a halt to the work.call at [sth] vi + prep (train: stop at stations)停靠This train will call at Bromley South and London King's Cross.call attention to [sth] v expr (point [sth] out)唤起对…的注意call [sth] into question, call into question [sth] v expr (cast doubt on [sth])质疑…call [sb] out on [sth], call out [sb] on [sth] v expr informal (challenge: on [sth] said, done)就…挑战某人Julia called her uncle out on his offensive remarks.茱莉亚斥责她叔叔的无礼言论。call [sth] to mind v expr (remind)使想起；使记起Your story calls to mind the day I wore my evening gown to a staff meeting.call [sb/sth] to order v expr (request silence)要求…安静call [sth] to order v expr (formally begin session)宣布开会[sb]'s/[sth]'s calling card, the calling card of [sb/sth] n figurative (identifying mark, sign)特点，特征Serena dresses flamboyantly; brightly-colored clothing is her calling card.赛琳娜打扮非常张扬；色彩鲜亮的穿着就是她的特征。callous [sth] vtr (make hard)使变硬；使硬化Years of manual labour had calloused his hands.calm [sb/sth] vtr (make quiet or peaceful)使镇定；使宁静；使平静She patted the excited horse to calm it.她轻拍受惊的马，使它平静下来。calve [sth] vtr (cow: help to give birth) (母牛、母鹿等)生，产The farmer uses this barn for calving the cows.农民借用这个谷仓帮助奶牛产仔。calve [sth] vtr (iceberg, glacier: detach piece)崩解We watched from the ship as the glacier calved an enormous iceberg.camber [sth] vtr (arch [sth])呈拱形；制成弧形camouflage [sth/sb] vtr (disguise, conceal)伪装The soldiers camouflaged their faces with green paint.campaign for [sth] vi + prep (promote a cause)为…开展运动；从事…运动；从事…运动Women were campaigning for the right to vote.妇女们为了争取选举权而斗争。campaign against [sth] vi + prep (protest against [sth])开展反对…的运动The Abolitionists were campaigning against the slave trade.废奴主义者开展了反对奴隶贸易的运动。a can of [sth] n (contents of a tin)一听所装之物I'll just have a can of beans for lunch.can [sth] vtr (preserve in a jar, etc.)将…装入罐中保存They canned most of their peppers for the winter.他们将大部分辣椒装入罐中保存，以备冬天所需。can [sth] vtr US, slang (stop doing)停止做You two! Can that fighting! Now!can't stand [sth/sb] v expr informal (find intolerable)无法忍受；忍受不了I can't stand my overbearing, demanding boss.can stand [sth/sb] v expr (be able to tolerate)能够忍受I hope that noise stops soon - I don't think I can stand it much longer!can stand doing [sth], also US: can stand to do [sth] v expr (be able to tolerate)能忍耐；能忍受备注: Often used in negative sentences.If you can stand to wait another 10 minutes, I'll walk you home.I can't stand seeing you so unhappy.如果你能再忍上十分钟，我就走路送你回家。// 看到你如此难过，我无法忍受。can't be arsed to do [sth] v expr UK, vulgar, slang (unwilling to make effort)懒得做某事I've lost the remote control and I can't be arsed to get up and change the channel.can't be bothered to do [sth] adj informal (unwilling to make effort)嫌麻烦而不愿意做can't help [sth], can't help doing [sth], cannot help v expr (feel compelled to do [sth])不禁…；禁不住…I can't help wondering if she really knows what she's doing.can't wait for [sth] v expr figurative, informal (be impatient for) (表示不耐烦)迫切地希望I can't wait for this day to be over.canal [sth] vtr (dig a waterway)在...挖水道；在...开水渠The country canalled the isthmus.canal [sth] vtr (provide with canal)给...配备水道；给...配备水渠canalize [sth], also UK: canalise [sth] vtr (civil engineering: channel [sth]) (水利)在…开运河，在…修河道，在…开渠cancel [sth] vtr (call off an event) (活动)取消Officials cancelled the game because of rain.因为下雨，裁判取消了比赛。cancel [sth] vtr (end or finish)停止；终止He cancelled his subscription.他停止了订阅。cancel [sth] vtr (mark used or void)盖销（邮票）The post office cancelled the stamp and delivered the letter.cancel [sth] vtr (mathematics) (数学)相约, 约去Solve the equation by cancelling equal terms.candle [sth] vtr (egg: test by holding against the light)用光照法检验The poultry keeper candles the egg to see if there is a chick inside.candy [sth] vtr (sweeten, preserve)将…制成蜜饯；用糖保存She candied orange peels with sugar syrup.她用糖浆将橘皮制成蜜饯。cane [sth] vtr UK, slang (consume a lot of)大量消耗It's not healthy to cane whisky like that every night.cane [sth] vtr (repair or make [sth] with cane)用藤条编制；用藤条修理Mr. Francis caned an antique chair to restore it.cannibalize [sth], also UK: cannibalise [sth] vtr figurative (recycle parts of [sth])拆用…的配件；将…的零部件用于cannot help but do [sth], can't help but do [sth] v expr (find unavoidable)不得不；忍不住；情不自禁I cannot help but notice the enormous coffee stain on the front of your white blouse.canonize [sb/sth], also UK: canonise [sb/sth] vtr figurative (treat [sb], [sth] with reverence)虔诚地对待cant [sth] vtr (tilt)倾斜Stop canting your chair--you'll tip over!不要再让你的椅子倾斜了，你会翻倒的！canter [sth] vtr (ride at a gallop)骑...慢跑The two riders cantered their horses along the beach.canvas [sth] vtr (cover [sth] with canvas)用帆布盖；用帆布遮He canvased the wagon and hitched up the horses.他将马拴好，然后用帆布将马车盖住。canvass [sth] vtr (opinions: survey) (选民等)征求...意见；民意调查We need to canvass a broader sample of the population to get a more accurate result.我们需要征求更多人数的意见作为样本来得出较为准确的结果。cap. [sth] vtr abbreviation (capitalize)大写cap [sth] vtr (set upper limit)给…设定上限The manager capped spending at $50,000.经理规定的开销上限为50,000美元。cap [sth] vtr (put a lid on)盖上...的盖子；给...盖上盖子She capped the bottle.她盖上瓶盖。capable of [sth] adj + prep (mentally able to, inclined to)具备行为能力的Brad doesn't seem capable of murder, in my opinion.我认为布拉德看上去不具备谋杀的行为能力。capable of doing [sth] expr (able to do [sth])有能力做；能够做到My little boy isn't capable of tying his own shoelaces yet.我儿子还不会系鞋带。capable of [sth] adj + prep (situation, etc.: susceptible to [sth])易于…的；有…倾向的；能做到...的I am confident that this problem is capable of resolution.caparison [sth] vtr (cover a horse)给马装饰以马衣；给马披挂caparison [sth] vtr (cover an Indian elephant) (印度大象)给…挂上装饰品；给...披挂capitalize [sth], also UK: capitalise [sth] vtr (put [sth] in uppercase letters)以大写字母书写Please capitalize the first letter of the word.capitalize [sth], also UK: capitalise [sth] vtr (give [sth] an uppercase initial)首字母大写Proper nouns should be capitalized.capitalize [sth], also UK: capitalise [sth] vtr (finance: supply capital for [sth])为…提供资本An anonymous investor capitalized the project.capitalize [sth], also UK: capitalise [sth] vtr (finance: convert to capital)使资本化；将…转化为股本The entrepreneur was able to capitalize his business after two years.capsize [sth] vtr (boat: cause to overturn)使翻；使倾覆He stood up in the side of the boat and capsized it.他站在船的边缘导致了翻船。capsulize [sth], also UK: capsulise [sth] vtr (encapsulate, condense)概括；节略captain [sth] vtr (command, lead)带领；领导；担任Martin captains the finance department.马丁担任财务部门负责人。caption [sth] vtr (put a caption under [sth])给...配文字That website always captions photos with funny dialogue.那个网站总给照片配好笑的文字对话。capture [sth/sb] vtr (catch and hold)捕获；抓住；俘虏The police captured the murder suspect.警方抓住了杀人嫌疑犯。capture [sth/sb] vtr (take by force)夺取；占领Enemy forces captured the city.capture [sth] vtr figurative (record an image) (摄影)捕捉；拍摄到The photographer captured the decisive moment.capture [sth] vtr (chess: take a piece) (象棋)吃，吃掉Never allow your opponent's queen to capture your knight.capture [sth] vtr (computing: store data) (计算机)捕捉（数据）The scanner allows you to capture the data fast and accurately.capture [sth] vtr figurative (encapsulate the essence of [sth]) (用文字、图像等)捕捉，记录，留存The biographer perfectly captured Einstein's personality in her new book.caramelize [sth], also UK: caramelise [sth] vtr (turn [sth] into sugar syrup)加熔使变为焦糖；使…变成焦糖carbon-date [sth] vtr (estimate age from radioactivity)以放射性碳含量测定…的年代，用碳素测定…的年代carbonate [sth] vtr (carbonize)碳化carbonize [sth], also UK: carbonise [sth] vtr (burn to ashes)把…烧成碳；使…碳化；使…焦化carbonize [sth], also UK: carbonise [sth] vtr (coat with carbon)给…涂炭carburize [sth], also UK: carburise [sth] vtr (metal: treat with carbon) (冶金)使渗碳card [sth] vtr (comb wool, cotton etc.) (羊毛、棉线等)梳理Mary cards the wool, and Grace prepares the dye.care about [sth] vi + prep (think is important)注意；关心I care about the issue of global warming.我关心全球变暖的问题。care to do [sth] v expr (be inclined)想；倾向于I don't really care to play golf today.我今天真的不想打高尔夫。care for [sb/sth] vi + prep (like, approve of)关怀；关心；关爱Even though they are no longer together, Sarah still cares for her ex-husband as a friend.尽管分手了，但莎拉还是像关心朋友一样关心她的前夫。care for [sb/sth] vi + prep (take care of)照顾；照料Will you care for me in my old age?我老了你会照顾我吗？care nothing for [sth] v expr (not think important)不在乎；不以为意；不顾careen [sth] vtr (repair or clean ship) (为修理或清洁)将船倾斜careful to do [sth], careful about doing [sth] adj (making sure to do [sth])小心做…的；对…很谨慎He is careful about locking the doors before he goes out.出门前，他小心地锁好了门。careless of [sth] adj + prep (person: inattentive, not mindful) (人)对…漠不关心的，疏忽…的，不顾...Emily is careless of her mother's feelings, and often says hurtful things.艾米丽不关心母亲的感情，经常说伤人的话。caress [sb], caress [sth] vtr (touch affectionately)抚摸Danielle caressed the child's cheek.丹妮尔抚摸着孩子的脸庞。caricature [sb/sth] vtr (portray satirically)把...画成漫画, 用漫画讽刺...The entire audience laughed as the comedian caricatured the president.carpet [sth] vtr (cover with a carpet)铺地毯Mother unexpectedly decided to carpet her kitchen.carpet [sth] vtr figurative (cover thoroughly)在…上铺满The ground was carpeted with flower petals.carpet of [sth] n figurative (covering)一层覆盖物The driveway had a carpet of fresh snow that morning.carpet bomb [sth] vtr (drop many bombs over an area)对…进行地毯式的全面轰炸carry [sth] vtr (move, transport)搬运；运送Could you carry this table from the kitchen to the dining room?能请你把这张桌子从厨房搬到饭厅么？carry [sth] vtr (vehicle: transport)搬运；运送The truck carries cargo across the country.卡车将货物运送到全国各地。carry [sth] vtr (conduct)传送，传输（水、电等）This pipe carries water.这一管道是输水的。carry [sth] vtr (support)支撑，承载The steel beams can carry a lot of weight.铁梁能承重。carry [sth] vtr (transmit)传播（疾病）Mosquitoes carry malaria.蚊子传播疟疾。carry [sth] vtr (keep with you)带；携带He always carries a knife for protection.他总是随身带刀以自我防卫。carry [sth] vtr (stock)有（某商品）出售This shop doesn't carry all brands of clothes.这家商店只出售部分品牌的服装。carry [sth] vtr (involve, entail)导致；带来；承担Robbery carries a ten-year prison term in some countries.carry [sth] vtr (communicate, convey)传达（某种信息）Commercials carry an obvious message.carry [sth] vtr (continue, extend)使…扩大；把…闹大We don't want to carry things too far.carry [sb] to [sth] vtr figurative (cause success of)带领…赢得胜利The star player carried the team to victory.carry [sth] vtr (publication: feature) (通讯、广播等)传输Later editions of the newspaper carried a different headline story.最新一期报纸报道了完全不同的一个标题新闻。carry [sth] vtr (digit: transfer to next column) (数学)使进位Don't forget to carry the two.carry [sth] vtr (golf) (高尔夫球等)将...击过Alan is hoping to carry this sandtrap.carry on doing [sth] v expr (continue doing)继续做；继续进行The teacher ignored Jake's question and carried on talking.老师不理睬杰克的问题，继续讲课。carry [sth] out, carry out [sth] vtr + adv informal (food: take away) (食物)外带；外卖Everything on the menu is also available to carry out.菜单上所有菜都可以外带。carry through with [sth] v expr UK (complete)完成She has good intentions but never carries through with them.；cart [sth] vtr (transport)运送；载送June carted the broken bottles to the recycling center.琼把破碎的瓶运到回收中心。cart [sth] around vtr + adv (move by cart)用推车载送cart [sth] away vtr + adv (remove for disposal)把...运走处理There was so much junk in the garage that she had to rent a truck to cart it all away.carton, carton of [sth] n (amount in a cardboard container)一纸箱的物品There's about one carton of milk in the pan.The orange juice had gone off, so I poured the whole carton down the sink.carton [sth], carton [sth] up vtr (pack into a carton)把…装箱；用纸盒装Carton the eggs securely, please.carve [sth] vtr (material: sculpt)雕；刻The sculptor uses a chisel to carve the marble.雕塑家用凿子雕刻大理石。carve [sth] vtr (shape: sculpt)雕刻With a knife, the man carved flowers and leaves into the wood.凭借一把小刀，那个人在木头上雕刻出花与叶。carve [sth] out of [sth], carve [sth] from [sth] v expr (shape: sculpt from)用...雕刻出...Michelangelo liked to carve huge athletic nudes out of marble.米开朗基罗喜欢用大理石雕刻出健美的全裸巨型雕塑。carve [sth] vtr (meat: cut, slice) (指肉类)切；切割Father always carves the turkey at Thanksgiving dinner.感恩节晚宴上，我父亲总是会切火鸡。carve [sth] vtr (skiing, surfing: make a turn)卡宾滑雪；卡宾转弯carve out a niche for yourself in [sth] v expr figurative (find your role, trade)在…领域找到自己的位置；在…领域开拓自己的空间cascade [sth] vtr (computing: overlap, stagger) (计算机)使层叠Cascade the windows in a diagonal pattern.沿对角线方向层叠窗口。case [sth] vtr US, slang (survey) (做案前)踩点；现场窥探The bank robbers cased the building.case [sth] vtr (put in a case)把…装入容器中The butcher cased the ground beef.case-harden [sth] vtr (harden the surface of)使...表面硬化case-harden [sb] to [sth] vtr figurative, often passive (harden emotionally)使...对...冷酷无情cash [sth] vtr (a cheque)把…兑现Most supermarkets cash paychecks for a fee.大部分超市兑现工资支票需要付费。cashier [sb], cashier [sb] from [sth] vtr US, informal (dismiss from a job)解雇；开除；撤职Marco was cashiered from the military because of the mistakes he made.马可因犯了错被军队开除了。cask [sth] vtr (store in a cask)用桶贮藏The winemakers cask the wine when it is ready.葡萄酒生产商将酿造完毕的酒装入木桶内。casserole [sth] vtr (cook slowly)炖；煮；熬Casserole it at a low heat for four hours.以低热量用砂锅炖煮四小时。cast [sth] vtr literary (throw, fling)扔；投Andie cast the net into the water.安迪将网撒如水中。cast [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep (send forth)将某人从某处赶走；将某人驱逐出某处He was cast from his city and had to live elsewhere.他被赶出了自己的城市，不得不另寻住处。cast [sth] vtr (shape using a mold)浇筑；铸造cast [sth] vtr (mold: metal, etc.) (金属等)铸造；铸件The artist cast the statue from bronze.cast a glance over [sth] v expr (survey quickly)瞟了一眼；匆匆地看了一下；随便看了看Just before her guests arrived, she cast a glance over the table to be sure everything was in place.cast a gloom over [sth] v expr (make [sth] seem depressing)使...看起来压抑cast a pall over [sth] v expr figurative (make gloomy)蒙上一层阴影News of the death of the team's former captain cast a pall over the game.cast a spell on [sb/sth] v expr figurative (enchant, seduce)迷住The skilful musician's passionate performance cast a spell on the entire audience.cast a spell on [sth/sb] v expr (witchcraft: charm or curse)用符咒使某人迷惑，对某人施咒cast aspersions on [sb/sth] v expr (disparage, slander)诽谤；抨击cast doubt on [sth] v expr (dispute the authenticity of [sth])使人们对…产生疑虑，对…提出疑问The recent scientific discoveries cast doubt on previous theories.cast [sth] up vtr + adv (gaze, eyes: look upward)向上看cast your mind back to [sth] v expr (recall the past)回想一下；回忆过去cast your vote for [sth] v expr (vote for)为…而投票Are you going to cast your vote for the liberal or conservative candidate?castle [sth] vtr (chess move) (国际象棋)使（王）车易位He castled the king to protect him.castrate [sth] vtr (remove testicles of)阉割The vet castrates cats and dogs for a small fee.这位兽医阉割猫狗仅收取少量费用。catalog of [sth] (US), catalogue of [sth] (UK) n figurative (record, list)目录，表格，一览表The catalog of his sports achievements is impressive. She read me a catalogue of all the things I was doing wrong.他的体育成就列表让人印象深刻。她为我读了一份我所犯错误的清单。catalog [sth] (US), catalogue [sth] (UK) vtr (compile a list, inventory)编写列表；罗列Can you catalog all the things you need before we start? We catalogued the house's contents for insurance purposes.在我们开始前，你能列一份你所需所有物品的清单吗？为了购买保险，我们罗列了房屋内的物品。catalyze [sth], also UK: catalyse [sth] vtr (speed [sth] up)促进；使加速catalyze [sth], also UK: catalyse [sth] vtr (cause to start, initiate [sth])促成；催化catapult [sth/sb] vtr figurative (propel, launch) (比喻)发射, 猛掷The boy catapulted his peas across the room.The blast catapulted the man clear across the street.catch [sth] vtr (grasp moving object) (移动物体)抓住，接住I can catch the ball with one hand.我可以单手接球。catch [sth] vtr (transport) (交通工具)乘坐，搭乘；赶上Bill needs to catch a bus from town.比尔需要从镇上搭乘公共汽车。catch [sb/sth] vtr (grasp, seize)抓住，捉住Jason caught her by the wrist.杰森抓住她的手腕。catch [sth] vtr (fishing, hunting) (钓鱼、狩猎等)捕获，抓住We caught five salmon in the river.我们在河里抓到了五条鲑鱼。catch [sth] vtr (disease)得了…病，感染上，患...病Leah catches a cold every winter.利亚每年冬天都会感冒。catch [sth] vtr informal, figurative (see) (电视节目或广播等)看到；听到；获悉Did you catch the news last night?catch [sth] vtr informal, figurative (hear)听清楚；了解；理解I didn't catch what you said.我没听清楚你说的话。catch [sth] vtr informal, figurative (see, not miss)看；参观Let's catch the art show at the museum before it closes.catch [sth] in [sth] vtr usu passive (entangle)缠住；绊住The fly was caught in the spider's web.catch [sth] vtr figurative (gesture, likeness) (镜头等)捕捉到；逼真再现The artist caught her expression beautifully.catch [sth] vtr US, informal (take momentarily)暂时拿一下Would you just catch my coat for a second while I make a telephone call?catch [sb] doing [sth] vtr (discover unexpectedly)意外发现某人做某事Alice caught her boyfriend eating cookies in the middle of the night.爱丽丝逮到男朋友半夜偷吃饼干。catch a glimpse of [sth/sb], catch a brief glimpse of [sth/sb] v expr (perceive briefly)瞥见；很快地看…一眼I caught a glimpse of Peter as he walked past my house.catch hold of [sb/sth] v expr (grasp, grab)抓住；握住；抓牢Mr. Jones caught hold of Mark by the collar and dragged him off to see the headmaster.catch sight of [sth/sb] v expr (glimpse, notice)突然看见；瞥见When I caught sight of my appearance in the mirror, I immediately rushed back to my closet to change.当我瞥见自己镜中的模样时，我立马冲回衣柜去换衣服。catch [sb] up on [sth] v expr informal (update [sb] on [sth])让...赶上；使...跟上catch wind of [sth] v expr informal (hear a rumour of [sth])听说；有流言说The employees caught wind of the coming lay-offs, and were very upset.categorize [sth/sb], also UK: categorise [sth/sb] vtr (classify [sth], [sb])将…分类；将…归类How does the law categorize this drug?categorize [sth/sb], also UK: categorise [sth/sb] vtr (define, describe [sth], [sb])定义，定性；归类Krista is difficult to categorize, as she is so changeable.categorize [sth/sb] as [sth], also UK: categorise [sth/sb] as [sth] v expr (define, describe [sth], [sb] as [sth])将…分类Based on Eli's fashion, we categorized him as an outdoors type.cater [sth] vtr (provide food for party)提供饮食及服务A local restaurant catered the wedding.一家本地餐厅为婚礼提供饮食及服务。catheterize [sth], also UK: catheterise [sth] vtr (insert a catheter into part of [sb])将导管插入...be caught up in [sth] v expr (be engrossed in [sth])全神贯注于，沉迷于My mother was caught up in her book and didn't notice what we were doing.be caught up in [sth] v expr (find oneself involved in [sth])卷入Unwittingly, he had got caught up in a corruption scandal inside the company he was working for.caulk [sth], calk [sth] vtr (seal, fill) (缝隙)填塞...使不漏水；用填料密封Kim carefully caulked the base of the toilet.吉姆仔细地用填料密封厕所的底部。cause of [sth] n (causation of)原因；起因；诱因A spark was the cause of the explosion.那次爆炸是由一颗火星儿引发的。cause for [sth] n (reason)原因；缘由；缘故Your exam results are cause for celebration!你的考试成绩值得庆祝！cause [sth] vtr (bring about)引起；造成High inflation caused a panic in the market.高通货膨胀引起市场上一片恐慌。cause [sb/sth] to do [sth] vtr (prompt)致使某人做某事The cat ran out into the road, causing Ellen to swerve and crash the car.那只猫闯入机动车道，导致艾伦急转弯撞坏了自己的车。cauterize [sth], also UK: cauterise [sth] vtr (wound: seal with heat)对（伤口）进行烧灼处理caution [sb] to do [sth] vtr + prep (warn)警告；劝…小心The teacher cautioned her students not to talk to strangers.老师警告学生不要跟陌生人说话。caution [sb] about [sth] vtr + prep (warn)警告某人某事The boss cautioned his employees about time-wasting.老板警告他的员工不要浪费时间。caution against [sth], caution against doing [sth] vi + prep (warn against [sth])告诫某人不要做某事；警告某人不要做某事The doctor cautioned against eating too many sweets.The lifeguard cautioned against the use of floats when swimming in the sea.cease [sth] vtr (stop)停止；终止Cease your whistling immediately!立马停止吹口哨！cease [sth] vtr (suspend: production, publication)暂停；中止；中断That book is difficult to find because the publisher ceased publication many years ago.这本书很难找到，因为出版商多年前就停止出版了。cease to do [sth] vi + prep (stop)停止做某事cease to be [sth] v expr (stop being)不再是I'm sorry to tell you that your conversation has ceased to be of interest to me.cede [sth] vtr (give [sth] over)放弃；让予；割让The country ceded the region at the end of the war.战争结束后，该国割让了那个地区。cede to [sth] vi + prep (give in to [sth])屈服于Evan finally ceded to his boss's demands.celebrate [sth] vtr (commemorate sthg)庆祝；为…庆祝We celebrated winning the World Cup.我们庆祝世界杯获胜。celebrate [sth] vtr (proclaim)宣布；宣告Today we celebrate the beginning of democracy in this nation.celebrate [sth/sb] vtr (praise)赞美；颂扬Today, we celebrate Bob and all the great things he has done for this community.celebrate [sth] vtr (perform rites, ceremonies) (仪式)举行； (宗教的弥撒、圣餐等)主持The priest celebrates mass every day of the week.cement [sth] vtr (join with adhesive)粘合；胶合Use this adhesive to cement the pieces together.cement [sth] vtr figurative (relationship: consolidate)加强；巩固Sharing a near-death experience cemented the two friends' bond.分享濒死的经历加深了两个伙伴间的关系。cement [sth] vtr (join [sth] with cement)用水泥粘；用水泥黏结The builders cemented the fence posts into the ground.cense [sth] vtr (burn incense before: an altar) (香)烧cense [sth] vtr (use incense to add aroma to)用香熏censor [sth] vtr (suppress or expurgate) (对电影、书籍等)审查，审核The last part of his speech was censored by authorities.他演讲的最后部分受到有关机构的审查。censure [sb] for [sth] vtr (criticize, blame)谴责The army censured several high-ranking officers for corruption.census [sth] vtr (conduct a census)进行人口普查；进行人口统计The government will census the general population next year.明年，政府将对总人口进行人口普查。center [sth] (US), centre [sth] (UK) vtr (move to middle)使…位于正中He centered the painting on the wall.他把墙上的画扶正，挂在正中。center on [sth] (US), center around [sth], centre on [sth], centre around [sth] (UK) vi + prep (focus on)聚焦；集中精力于；注重center around [sth] (US), centre around [sth] (UK) vi + prep (cluster around)围绕；以...为中心；包围centralize [sth] also UK: centralise [sth] vtr (government: bring under central control)对...集权控制centralize [sth], also UK: centralise [sth] vtr (make [sth] central)集中；聚集；中心化The city planners decided to centralize the hospital and government buildings.城市规划者们决定集中医院和政府建筑。certain to do [sth] expr (bound, sure to do)一定会Lisa is certain to pass her exams. She's been studying so hard.丽萨一直以来都认真学习，她一定会通过考试的。certified to do [sth] expr (person: qualified) (人)有资质做某事的；经过认证可以做某事的Maddy is certified to teach English.certify [sth] vtr (confirm the truth or validity of)证明…的真实性；证实The appraiser certified the authenticity of the rare book.估价员证实了这本珍藏本的真实性。certify [sth] vtr (check, document: endorse, guarantee)背书；签署保付Don't certify the check until you speak with the bank about our account.在你与银行谈我们的账户前，请勿背书支票。chafe [sb/sth] vtr (fabric, etc.: rub painfully) (粗糙布料)擦伤, 擦红These socks chafe my ankles.这些袜子擦伤了我的脚踝。chafe [sth] vtr (warm: hands, feet) (手脚)搓热I chafed the woman's hands and wrapped a blanket around her shoulders.chain [sth/sb] to [sth/sb] vtr + prep (connect, link)用链条将…栓在…上When you park your bike, remember to chain it to a bike rack or tree.停放自行车时别忘了用链条将车拴在自行车架或树上。chain stitch [sth] vtr (use the chain stitch)用锁针编织chain [sth] up, chain up [sth] vtr + adv (secure with a chain)锁住...chain [sb/sth] up, chain up [sb/sth] vtr + adv (restrain with a chain)拴住...chain-smoke [sth] vtr (light with previous)连续不断地抽；一支接一支地抽She chain-smoked three cigarettes as she waited anxiously outside.chainsaw [sth], chain-saw [sth] vtr (cut with a chainsaw)用电锯割The crew chainsawed the downed tree branches into small pieces.工作人员用电锯将掉落的树枝切成小块。chair [sth] vtr (preside over) (会议)主持The superintendent chaired the meeting.chalk [sth] vtr (rub chalk on: cue) (台球杆头)用白垩粉擦拭The pool player chalked his cue and bent over to line up his shot.那名台球选手用白垩粉擦拭球杆，然后弯腰准备击球。challenge [sb] to do [sth] vtr (demand)要求某人做某事I challenge you to tell the truth!我要求你说实话！challenge [sb], challenge [sb] to [sth] vtr (to a game, etc.) (比赛等)向…挑战Alex challenged me to a game of pool.亚利克斯向我挑战，要和我比赛打台球。challenge [sth] vtr (question)质疑；对…提出异议Other scientists challenge the validity of the experiment.chamber [sth] vtr (martial arts: prepare to execute) (武术)蓄势，准备The fighter chambered his kick.chamfer [sth] vtr (bevel, cut at an angle)切去…的一角Use the saw to chamfer the pieces of wood.用锯子削去木头的角。champ [sth] vtr (chew, bite)咀嚼；咬嚼The dog's been champing on my slippers again.那狗又在咬我的拖鞋了。be champing at the bit to do [sth], be chafing at the bit to do [sth], also US: chomp v expr figurative (person: be impatient)迫不及待地要做..., 急不可耐地要做...I'm champing at the bit to go on my vacation.champion [sth] vtr (idea, cause: support)支持；拥护Today there is a lecture by someone who champions the idea of sustainable living.今天的演讲者支持可持续生活的理念。championship of [sth/sb], championing n (vocal support)对…的支持；对…的拥护；宣扬Sandy has always been very vocal in her championship of healthy living.桑迪总是直言不讳地宣扬健康生活。chance doing [sth], chance [sth] vtr (risk)冒险做某事I need to leave early. I can't chance missing the plane.change [sth] vtr (alter)修改；改变Anna wants to change the agreement.安娜想修改协议。change [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (replace)把...换成...Dan changed his profile picture to a photo of a monkey.丹把自己的头像换成了一张猴子的照片。change [sth] vtr (transform)转变；改变Throughout history, men haven't changed their true nature at all.纵观历史，人类从未改变真正的天性。change into [sth/sb] vi + prep (be transformed)变成，蜕变成The larva changed into an adult.幼虫蜕变成了成虫。change [sth] vtr (clothes) (衣服)换, 更衣I need to change my clothes.我得换换衣服。change [sth] vtr (exchange, swap)交换；互换The two passengers want to change seats with each other.那两位乘客想互相换座。change [sth] for [sth] vtr + prep (exchange, switch)更换；把…换成Don't forget to change your winter clothes for lightweight ones before you depart.change [sth] vtr (exchange currency) (货币)兑换I want to change these dollars for euros.change [sth] vtr (get smaller money)把（大钞）兑换成（零钱）You should change your bills for coins.change [sth] vtr (give smaller money)破开（整钞）Can you change a fiver?change [sth] vtr (change for [sth] new or clean) (脏床单、旧衣服等)更换；换去Change the bed linen at least once a week.每周至少换一次床上用品。change into [sth] vi + prep (switch vehicle gears) (车辆)换挡On the hill, change into second gear.change into [sth] vi + prep (put on: fresh clothes) (新衣服)换上When she gets home from the office, Lisa changes into jeans and a T-shirt.从办公室回到家后，丽莎便换上了T恤和牛仔裤。change [sth] around, change around [sth] (US), change [sth] round, change [sth] round (UK) vtr + adv (rearrange [sth])重新排列…；重排…You can change around the icons on your computer to make them more convenient.The coach changed the players around to balance out the teams.channel [sth] vtr (deliver)（通过某种渠道）输送…They channelled drugs through the border city.他们通过毗邻的城市输送毒品。channelize, channelize [sth], also UK: channelise [sth] vtr mainly US (channel, direct)疏导；分导；形成沟渠以分流chant [sth] vtr (slogan, etc.: repeat)反复有节奏的喊叫；齐呼The crowd chanted, "Encore! Encore!"人群反复齐呼着：“再来一个！再来一个！”chap [sth] vtr (lips, skin: cause to crack) (皮肤等)使皲裂The cold winter wind will chap your lips unless you protect them.寒冷的冬天嘴唇会皲裂，需要好好保护。char [sth] vtr (cookery: scorch, sear) (烹调)把…烧焦，把…烤焦Be careful or you'll char the onions.请小心，否则你会把洋葱烧焦的。char [sth] vtr (singe accidentally) (由于意外)烧焦，烤焦You've charred my best table with your filthy cigarettes!你那肮脏的香烟把我最好的桌子烧焦了！characterize [sth], also UK: characterise [sth] vtr (be typical of [sth])成为…的特征；成为…的特性Hot days and cool nights characterize the summers here.characterize [sth] as [sth], also UK: characterise [sth] as [sb] vtr + prep (depict, portray [sth])描绘…的特征；将…的特征描绘为The mood in the debate could be characterised as hostile.be characterized by [sth], also UK: be characterised by [sth] v expr (have as an identifying trait)以…为特征；...的特征是Summers here are characterized by hot days and cool nights.这里夏季的特点是日间炎热、夜晚凉爽。charbroil [sth] vtr US (chargrill, barbecue)用炭烧烤；炭烤charcoal [sth] vtr (cook over charcoal) (烹饪)在炭火上烧烤Nick charcoaled the tuna steaks until they were seared on the outside.尼克在炭火上烧烤金枪鱼排直到它们的外皮变得焦香酥脆。charge [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (ask for money)因为…向…收费；问…要…的钱The barman didn't charge me for my drink.酒保没有问我要酒的钱。charge [sb] [sth] vtr (ask for money)向某人收钱；收某人钱The taxi driver charged me £15.出租车司机收了我15英镑。charge [sth] vtr (ask as a fee)收费，要价The lawyer charges a hundred pounds an hour.该律师每小时收费一百英镑。charge [sth] vtr (power: battery, etc.)给…充电I need to charge my mobile phone.我需要给手机充电。charge [sth] vtr (debit an amount)把…记在账上；收取The bank charges a fee if your balance falls below a specified amount of money.如果你的余额低于特定数额，银行将收取费用。charge [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (load)装载；装满The lorry was fully charged with electrical goods and could hold no more.charge [sb] to do [sth] v expr (order)命令I charge you to look after the house properly while I am away.charge [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (entrust)赋予…任务The sergeant charged the corporal with command of the squad.charge [sb/sth] vtr (rush towards)朝…冲过去The other team charged the quarterback.charge up [sth] vi + prep (hills, stairs: run up) (小山、楼梯等)跑上去，冲上去The infantry charged up the hill to meet the attack.步兵冲上山头应击来敌。charge [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (debit an amount)把…记在…账上Just charge the bill to my account.账单记我账上就行了。charge [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (accuse)指控；控告The police charged the man with a crime.警方指控该男子有罪。charge [sth] vtr (load)给…装弹药The soldiers charged the cannon and it fired again.士兵给加农炮装上弹药，炮弹又开始发射了。charge [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (order)使…负责；使…承担The prison guard charged him with the cleaning of the latrines.狱卒让他负责清扫厕所。charge into [sth] vi + prep (rush into: a room, etc.) (处所)冲进The robber charged into the bank and shouted "Hands in the air!"charge for [sth] vi + prep (require payment)索价；要价；收费Airlines charge for everything these days; you even have to pay for peanuts!be charged with [sth], be charged with doing [sth] v expr (with crime)被指控犯有…的Tom is charged with robbery.汤姆被指控犯有抢劫罪。be charged for [sth] adj (have to pay money for [sth])被索要…费用；被收取…费用She was charged for a night's stay when she had, in fact, only had dinner at the hotel.chart [sth] vtr (plot a course)用图画出…的路线；在地图上标注…路线The navigator charted the way to the island.领航员画出到该岛的路线图。；chart [sth] vtr (track progress, changes)在图表上记录Use this table to chart your progress as you lose weight.用这张表格来记录你减肥的全过程。charter [sth] vtr (hire: vehicle, boat) (汽车、飞机)包租；租赁John chartered a boat for a fishing trip.约翰租赁了一艘船去钓鱼。charter [sth] vtr (grant charter to [sth])特许；批准chary of doing [sth] expr (wary of doing)当心；小心；在做某事时谨慎The young lady was chary of discussing her business too openly with the stranger.chase [sb/sth] vtr (pursue)追逐, 追捕；追求The dogs chased the rabbit.狗在追兔子。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 他以四处追求女孩为乐。chase [sb/sth] vtr figurative (strive for) (比喻)追求，争取You should never give up chasing your dreams.你不应该放弃对梦想的追求。chase [sth] vtr (metal: engrave) (在金属上)镂刻，雕刻Yvonne is chasing the beautiful silver ring she is making.伊冯正在镂刻自己着手制作的精美银戒指。chase away [sth/sb], chase [sth/sb] away vtr + adv (shoo)驱赶，驱逐；赶走Chase away that dog before it eats your food.chase away [sth/sb], chase [sth/sb] away vtr + adv (scare into running away)赶走；驱逐chase away [sth/sb], chase [sth/sb] away vtr + adv figurative (banish, get rid of) (比喻)驱逐，赶走It was a good luck charm to chase away nightmares.chastise [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (reprimand [sb] for [sth])为...惩戒；为了...批评The headteacher chastised her for her rudeness.chastise [sb] for doing [sth] v expr (reprimand [sb] for doing [sth])责备The boss chastised me for speaking out.chauffeur [sth] vtr French (drive: a private vehicle)开车；驾驶The man chauffeuring the black sedan was tall and wore dark glasses.那个驾驶黑色轿车的男人很高，戴着黑色眼镜。chauffeur [sb] to [sth] vtr (drive: [sb] to a place)为…开车Helen hired a driver to chauffeur her to work.cheapen [sth] vtr figurative (devalue, bring into disrepute)降低…身份，使…受轻视That tacky necklace just cheapens the dress; I think you should wear nicer jewelry with it.那条俗气的项链拉低了裙子的品味。我觉得你应该佩戴更精美的首饰来搭配它。cheat at [sth] vi + prep (do or play dishonestly)在…作弊；在…欺诈；在…出千I can tell you that he cheats at poker every chance he gets.我可以告诉你，他一有机会就会在牌桌上出千。cheat [sb] out of [sth] v expr (take [sth] by deception)从某人身上骗取某物；骗取某人的某物The con man cheated the elderly woman out of her life savings.这个骗子骗取了那位老妇人一生的积蓄。check [sth] vtr (with object: verify [sth])查明；核实；核实Always check the date on any dairy products which you're about to buy.请核一下我的帐户余额，确认至少还有四百美金。check [sth] vtr (examine, inspect [sth])检查；查看The airport staff checked my hand luggage.机场工作人员检查了我的手提行李。check [sth] vtr (test [sth])检测，测试The mechanic is going to check the transmission.机修工这就开始检测传功装置。check [sth] vtr (look inside [sth])查找；查看"I can't find my keys." "Have you checked your pockets?"“我钥匙丢了。”“你找过衣服口袋了吗？”check [sth] vtr (check progress, state of [sth])查收；检查；查看How often do you check your e-mail?你多久查收一次邮箱？check [sth] vtr (restrain [sth])抑制；控制The boxer needs to check his aggression.check [sth] vtr (halt, stop [sth])使…止步；阻止；使…停止The defenders checked the onslaught by the attackers.防御方抵挡住了进攻方的猛攻。check [sth] vtr (control [sth])控制；止住Try to check the flow of water by turning the valve.check [sth] vtr (impede [sth])妨碍；阻碍The rough terrain checked the progress of the hikers.check [sth] vtr (deposit [sth] in safety)存放；寄存；寄放Guests can check their coats at the door.客人可在门口寄放外套。check [sth] vtr (chess piece: put in check) (国际象棋)将…一军My opponent moved his knight and I realised he had checked my king.check [sth] vtr US (mark [sth] with a tick)在…上打勾Check the box that says "I accept".a check on [sth/sb] n (person, thing that restrains)对…的制衡；对…的限制The U.S. Congress acts as a check on the president.美国国会是对总统的一种制衡。check [sth] against [sth] v expr (compare, contrast two things)拿…比照Shannon checked her calendar against her boss's to see if there were any conflicts.check [sth/sb] over, check over [sth/sb] vtr + adv (examine, inspect)查看；检查I always check over the engine carefully before a long car journey.check [sth] through vtr + adv (luggage: put into plane's hold)仔细检查；查看If you have to change flights, the airline can check your luggage through to the final destination.checker [sth] vtr (add grooves to: a gunstock)为...加格纹The gunsmith finished checkering the custom rifle's stock and gave it to the customer.枪匠为定制步枪枪托加完格纹后，将步枪交给了顾客。be checkered with [sth] (US), be chequered with [sth] (UK) v expr figurative (have a feature intermittently)散布着；遍布The beach was checkered with umbrellas.chelate [sth] vtr (chemistry: create a chelate)与…合成螯合物chelate [sth] vtr (medicine: extract a metal from blood)使…生成螯合物cherish [sth] vtr (love: [sth])爱惜Nick cherishes the pocket watch he received from his grandfather.尼克很爱惜祖父送给他的怀表。chest [sth] vtr (football) (球类)用胸部顶；用胸部传He chested the ball to the ground.chew [sth] vtr (eat, masticate)咀嚼；咬Richard chewed the apple slowly.理查德慢慢地咀嚼苹果。chew [sth] vtr (bite)咬；啃Full of anxiety, Sarah chewed her nails while she waited.莎拉心中充满了焦虑，在等待的时候直咬指甲。chicken out of doing [sth] v expr slang (not be brave enough to do)临阵退缩Lee chickened out of going on the roller coaster at the last minute.李在最后一刻放弃了坐过山车。chide [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (tell off, reprimand)斥责；责备The teacher chided the students for disrupting the class.childproof [sth], child-proof vtr (make safe for children)使对儿童无害chill [sth] vtr (food, drink: cool) (食物、饮料等)使变凉，把…冰冻一下，冰镇You should chill white wine before serving it.在上白葡萄酒前你应该先把它冰冻一下。chime [sth] vtr (clock: sound time)报时The clock chimed three.时钟报时三点。chimney [sth] vtr (mountaineering) (攀岩)烟囱攀登chine [sth] vtr (meat: cut along backbone) (分解动物)沿着脊骨切chip [sth] vtr (ice, wood, etc.: break)削成碎片Chip the ice before you put it in the glasses.在放进玻璃容器前，请将冰切碎。chip [sth] vtr (break a small piece off)在…上撞出一个缺口Bob chipped a tooth in the car accident.Molly has chipped a bone in her wrist.鲍勃在车祸中撞掉了一颗牙齿。莫利腕骨碎了一小片。chip [sth] vtr (sport: hit or kick [sth] in an arc) (高尔夫)在球洞附近击打，近穴击（球）The golfer chipped the ball out of the sand trap.chirp [sth] vtr figurative (person: say cheerfully) (人)嘁嘁喳喳；愉快地说话"No problem," she chirped, "I'll just get you another one."“没问题，”她开心地说道，“我会帮你再拿一份。”chisel [sb] out of [sth] vtr figurative, slang (cheat, swindle)从…处骗走…；将…从…手里骗走The guy chiseled twenty bucks out of me.chlorinate [sth] vtr (add chlorine to)将氯加入；使…氯化chloroform [sb/sth] vtr (make unconscious using chloroform)用氯仿麻醉；用氯仿使失去知觉chock [sth] vtr (hold [sth] steady using a chock)用塞块塞；用垫木垫Did you chock the wheels when you parked the car?你停车的时候用垫木卡住了轮子吗？chock-full of [sth/sb] adj + prep informal (completely full: of people, things)挤满了…的；充满了...的The room was chock-full of celebrities and reporters.chocka with [sth] adj + prep UK, slang (completely full of: things, people)满是…的，全是…的chockablock with [sth] (US), chock-a-block with [sth] (UK) adj + prep informal (completely full of: things, people)塞满...的chocker with [sth] adj UK, informal (full of)充满了…的choke on [sth] vi + prep (have airway blocked by food)因...透不过气；因...感到窒息；呛到；噎到Karen was choking on a hot dog.凯伦被热狗噎到了。choke [sth] vtr figurative (stop flow)阻塞The blockade has choked the supply of fuel and food to the area.封锁阻断了这个地区的燃料和食物供应。choke [sth] vtr (enrich fuel mixture) (为获得浓缩的燃料混合物)阻塞...的气门choke [sth] vtr US (sports: grip higher up) (体育)抓握球棒中部击打Choke the bat a little more.choke [sth] vtr (stop growth or movement)堵塞；阻塞The fallen tree is choking the flow of traffic.choke up on [sth] v expr (baseball bat: hold higher up) (棒球)握短棒，前握棒chomp on [sth] vi + prep (bite, chew) (尤指马等动物)咀嚼，大声咀嚼； (尤指马)大声地咬马嚼子The dog lazily chomped on his bone.choose [sth] vtr (select)选择；挑选I think that he will choose the blue sweater.我认为他会选件蓝色的毛衣。choose to do [sth] v expr (decide, prefer)决定He chose to become an architect.他决定当一名建筑师。choose from [sth] vi + prep (decide between)在…中进行选择He needs to choose from the three options.他需要在这三个选项中进行选择。chop [sth] vtr (wood, tree: cut into pieces) (树、木材)砍，劈Charles chopped firewood in preparation for winter.查尔斯劈好柴火，准备过冬。chop [sth] vtr UK (food: mince, cut into pieces) (食物)剁，剁碎Chop the onion before adding it to the stew.先将洋葱剁碎，再放到炖菜里。chop [sth] vtr (weeds: hoe)除（草）；锄（草）The farmer was chopping weeds when his hoe snapped.choreograph [sth] vtr (plan dance performance)为…编舞；为…设计舞蹈动作A famous dancer is working with the actors to choreograph the dance scene in the film.一位知名舞者正在与演员合作为电影设计舞蹈场景。chorus [sth] vtr figurative (say in unison)齐声说；异口同声地说The congregation chorused "Amen" at the end of the prayer.祈祷最后，教众齐声说“阿门”。chow down on [sth] vi + prep US, informal (eat [sth])吃…christen [sb] [sth] vtr informal (give [sb] a name)为…命名They christened their son "Paul" in memory of his grandfather.他们将自己的儿子取名为“保罗”来缅怀他的祖父。christen [sth] vtr figurative, informal (put [sth] to first use)首次使用We christened our kayaks with a paddle on the river.Christianize [sth] vtr (make [sth] Christian)使...基督教化，使...皈依基督教chronicle [sth] vtr (record in detail, report) (详细地)记录，叙述，记载Explorers to the area chronicled their findings.这个地区的探险家详细记录了他们的发现。chuck [sth] vtr informal (throw)抛掷；扔The boy chucked a snowball at his teacher.那个男孩向自己的老师扔雪球。chuck [sth] vtr informal (throw away)丢弃If I were you, I'd chuck those old shoes; they're starting to smell.那些旧鞋子都臭了，我要是你，就把它们全丢弃掉。be chuffed with [sth] v expr UK, informal (be pleased with)对…高兴I'm chuffed with your decision to come!chug [sth] vtr slang (drink in large gulps)一饮而尽Always competitive, the twins had a contest to see who could chug the soda faster.这对双胞胎总是相互竞争，他们比赛看谁能更快地一下子喝完苏打水。chug-a-lug [sth] vtr slang (drink in large gulps)大口喝chunk [sth] vtr (cut into large pieces)切成大块Chunk the carrots and then put them in the soup.将胡萝卜切成大块，然后将它们放入汤中。chunk [sth] vtr figurative (break down: information) (信息等)细分；划分Chunking the information makes it easier to memorise.chunk [sth] vtr figurative (break up: tasks) (工作等)细分； (比喻)掰碎When you chunk your housework into smaller tasks, it is more manageable.churn [sth] vtr (butter)搅拌；搅动Housewives used to spend a lot of time churning butter.在过去，家庭主妇常常花很多时间搅拌黄油。cinch [sth] vtr (grip securely)紧紧抓住；牢牢握住Charlie cinched the rope around the tree trunk with a tight knot.查理抓住绕着树干的绳索紧紧地打了个结。cinch [sth] vtr informal (guarantee: success, etc.)确保The sudden craze for knitting cinched the yarn factory's success.cincture [sth] vtr (encircle)环绕cinder [sth] vtr (spread cinders on)在…铺煤渣In winter the town cinders the icy roads to make them less slippery.cinematograph [sb/sth], kinematograph [sb/sth] vtr UK, historical (record with a motion-picture camera)把...拍成电影，拍摄电影cipher [sth], also UK: cypher [sth] vtr (encode [sth])把…译成密码Cipher the message so that no one but us can understand it.circle [sth/sb] vtr (move around [sth])环绕；绕圈A hawk circled the grove of trees.一只老鹰围着小树林绕圈飞。circle [sth] vtr (draw a circle around [sth])圈出Please circle the correct answer.请圈出正确的答案。circle [sth] vtr (drive around)绕行A brown pick-up truck has been circling the block for the past fifteen minutes.一辆棕色轻运货车已在街区绕行十五分钟了。circularize [sth], also UK: circularise [sth] vtr (make [sth] circular)使成圆形；使成环形Matt circularized the strip of wood.circularize [sth], also UK: circularise [sth] vtr (publicize [sth] using circulars)分发；传阅circulate [sth] vtr (pass around)传递；传阅A group of bullies were circulating an unflattering photo of their classmate on the Internet.一群地痞在网上传播他们同班同学的丑陋照片。circumnavigate [sth] vtr (travel around)环绕…航行Magellan was the first explorer to successfully circumnavigate the globe.麦哲伦是第一位成功完成环球旅行的探险者。circumscribe [sth] vtr (encircle)包围；环绕The clearing was circumscribed by trees and brush.那片林中空地环绕着绿树和灌木。circumscribe [sth] vtr (restrict)限制Students' activities are circumscribed and monitored by teachers.circumvent [sth] vtr figurative (issue, rule: avoid, bypass) (问题、规则等)避开, 绕开, 回避Developers are trying to circumvent the regulations.开发商正在试图规避法规。circumvent [sth] vtr (physically bypass, go around)绕开；避过；绕行There's a route that circumvents the city centre, but it takes much longer.有一条路能绕开市中心，但是路线更长。cite [sth] vtr (refer to)引…为证；举出Can you cite any statistics that back up your claim?你能举出任何统计数据来支持你的主张吗？cite [sb] for [sth] vtr usu passive (military: mention honourably) (军事)因…传令嘉奖He was cited for bravery in battle.clad in [sth] adj + prep literary (wearing [sth])穿着...的The bikers were clad in black leathers.骑自行车的人穿着黑色皮衣。clad [sth] vtr (cover with cladding)给...加层；给...覆盖The builder clad the front of the house with timber.工人用木料覆盖了房子前脸。clad [sth] vtr (metals: bond)堆焊The rollers clad the metals by pressing them together.claim, claim to [sth] n (demand)所有权要求，权利要求His claim to the property was rejected.他对该房产提出的所有权要求被拒。claim, claim on [sth] n (right)权利，所有权I have first claim on the property.我对该房产有优先权。claim to do [sth] v expr (achievement: assert)宣称；声称This paint brand claims to cover a larger area than that rival brand.这个油漆品牌宣称自己产品的涂覆面积比竞争对手的产品大。claim to be [sth] v expr (say that one is)声称；宣称；自称You claim to be a musician, but is this the truth? The young man claimed to be her long-lost son.你说自己是音乐家，真的吗？那个年轻人自称是她很久以前走失的儿子。claim [sth] vtr (demand [sth])要求My father never claimed his visitation rights after my parents got divorced.我父母离异后，我父亲从来没有要求过行使探视权。claim to have done [sth] v expr (achievement: assert)宣称做过Weston claimed to have invented a new method for producing copper.韦斯顿宣称自己发明过一种产铜的新方法。claim [sth] vtr (deserve [sth])值得，应得She claims a right to participate in the finals based on her defeat of all opponents so far.迄今为止她打败了所有对手，因此理应有权进入决赛。claim [sth] vtr (take: [sb]'s life)导致...遇难；夺走...的生命The earthquake claimed the lives of 100 people.claim [sth] back, claim back [sth] vtr + adv (request repayment)要求收回claim for [sth] vi + prep (request payout)要求；索取clamber up [sth] vi + prep (ascend by climbing)攀登clamor for [sth] (US), clamour (UK) vi + prep (demand [sth] noisily)喧闹地要求The children were clamoring for ice cream.clamp [sth] vtr (use a clamp)夹住Clamp the sander to the edge of the work bench.用磨砂机夹住工作台的两边。clap [sb/sth] vtr (strike [sb] lightly)轻拍；轻敲The old man clapped my shoulder in greeting.clap eyes on [sb/sth] v expr informal (see)注视；看见clarify [sth] vtr (make [sth] clear)阐明Please could you clarify your position on this issue?请表明你在这个问题上的立场。clarify [sth] vtr (butter: purify by melting) (黄油)溶解净化，使…变得澄清You clarify butter by melting it so that the solids separate from the liquid.你通过溶解黄油使其变得澄清，如此一来，固体与液体就分开了。clash with [sb/sth] vi + prep (fight)与…发生武装冲突；与…发生武力冲突Three soldiers were killed on Tuesday when security forces clashed with separatists.周二，保安部队与分离主义分子发生了武装冲突，造成三名士兵死亡。clash with [sth] vi + prep (color: contrast with) (颜色)与…不搭配，与…不协调The sweater and skirt are beautiful, but I think the pink clashes with the orange.毛衣和裙子很漂亮，不过粉红色与橙色不太搭。clash with [sth] vi + prep figurative (ideas, aims: conflict) (理念、目标等)与...有分歧，与…冲突I cannot support this cause; it clashes with my religious beliefs.这个目标与我的宗教信仰有冲突，我不敢苟同。clash with [sth] vi + prep figurative (dates: coincide) (时间安排)与...发生冲突I can't come to your party as the date clashes with my piano exam.你的派对跟我钢琴考级时间有冲突，我没法参加你的派对。clash with [sth] vi + prep figurative (conflict with [sth])与…发生冲突；与…互相抵触clasp [sth] vtr (with hand)紧握Victor clasped Mona's hands.维克多紧握住莫娜的双手。clasp [sb/sth] vtr (embrace)拥抱The little girl clasped her doll tightly.小女孩紧紧地抱住她的娃娃。clasp [sth] vtr (fasten)扣紧Could you please clasp my bracelet?能麻烦您帮我扣上手镯吗？class [sth/sb] vtr (classify, sort)分类；归类The law classes drugs according to how harmful they are.class [sth/sb] as [sth] vtr + prep (classify as)把…列入某类；给…分类I would class him as studious but shy.我会将归类为用功学习但却害羞的学生。classify [sth] vtr (sort by class or kind)给…分类；把…分类Classify the students by month of birth.根据学生出生月份进行分类。classify [sth] vtr usu passive (document: make secret) (文件等)把…列入保密级别The report was classified and never released.这份报告被归入保密级别，不得外泄。claw [sth] vtr (animal: dig, scratch at) (动物)用爪子或钳子抓、挖（某物体）Cats sometimes claw the furniture.猫有时会抓坏家具。claw at [sth] vi + prep (animal: dig, scratch) (指动物)抓挠；挖The fox clawed at the dirt at the entrance to the rabbit's nest.狐狸将兔子洞入口附近的泥土挖开。claw at [sth/sb] vi + prep figurative (person: grasp, clutch) (人)抓牢，抓紧clean [sth] vtr (wash, sanitize [sth])清洁；打扫I always use bleach when I clean the kitchen.我总是使用漂白剂来清洁厨房。clean [sth] vtr (organize, tidy [sth])整理，收拾Clean your room and put away your clothes!整理你的房间，把衣物收收好！clean off [sth], clean [sth] off vtr + adv (dirt: remove)从…清除掉；从…清扫掉I hosed the car down to clean off the dirt.我用水管把车冲洗得干干净净。clean [sth] off [sth] vtr + prep (dirt, etc.: remove from) (尘土等)将…从…掸去，把…从…刷掉I cleaned the mud off my boots.我把泥巴从我的靴子上刷掉。clean [sth] off [sth] vtr + prep (tidy away, remove)把…从…清理走The waiter came and cleaned the plates off the table.服务员过来把餐桌上的碗盘收拾干净了。clean [sth] of [sth] vtr + prep (empty of contents)弄光；将…清洗一空Birds cleaned the trees of fruit.cleanse [sth] vtr (clean, remove dirt from)洗涤What do you use to cleanse your lab equipment?你用什么来清洁实验室设备吗？cleanse [sb] of [sth] vtr figurative (remove sin or guilt from)替…洗清罪名，为…辩污Confession is meant to cleanse you of your sins.忏悔意味着替你清洗罪名。；clear [sth] vtr (unobstruct)疏通He had surgery to clear the blocked artery.他做了手术，疏通动脉堵塞。clear [sth] vtr (make tidy or empty)收拾；清理；整理When the family had finished eating, Tom's mother asked him to clear the table.全家人吃完饭后，汤姆的妈妈让他收拾餐桌。clear [sth] vtr (remove)清除；移走The ploughs have to clear snow from the roads.得用除雪机把路上的雪清掉。clear [sth] vtr (remove [sth] unwanted from)从…中清除We will clear the land, and then plant new grass.clear, clear of [sth/sb] adv (away from)远离；保持距离Keep clear of him. He's dangerous.clear of [sth] adj + prep (without debts or obligation)不欠账的；无债务的It's hard to get a loan that's clear of interest.想要得到一笔不付利息的贷款很困难。clear [sth] vtr (make transparent)澄清；使…清澈Clear the water with a fine mesh filter.clear [sth] of [sth] vtr (remove or disperse)驱逐；驱赶The police cleared the street of onlookers.clear [sth] vtr (disentangle) (缠绕在一起的线等)解开Let's clear our lines and resume fishing.clear [sth] vtr (jump over)越过；跃过The runner cleared all of the hurdles.赛跑选手跨过了所有的跨栏。clear [sth] vtr (pass over)越过；飞过The plane cleared the treetops.clear [sth] vtr (pass under)从…下通过The top of the trailer cleared the bridge with inches to spare.clear [sth] vtr (pass by)通过；驶过The lobster boat cleared the shoals safely.clear [sth] vtr (purify)把…过滤干净；使…干净We cleared the air with a filter.clear [sth] vtr (earn after expenses)净赚；获得纯利Anne cleared a million in income this year.安妮今年净收入一百万。clear [sth] vtr (eliminate: a debt)偿清（债务）；使解除债务This final cheque will clear your debt.clear [sth] vtr (bank check: accept) (支票)承兑The bank cleared your check, so the purchase is now official!银行承兑了你的支票，因此现在购买正式生效。clear [sth] vtr (check: pass through) (海关检查)通过；通关We will meet you after you clear customs.clear [sth] vtr (building, land: vacate)撤离；腾出；清空There was a fire alarm and everyone had to clear the building.火灾警报响起，所有人都从大楼撤离。clear [sth] vtr (schedule: make time available)清空（日程安排）；推掉（日程安排）Kate cleared her schedule so that she could visit her mother in hospital.凯特取消了原来的日程安排，好去医院探望母亲。clear [sth] off, clear off [sth] vtr + adv (remove clutter from)清理干净If you clear off the dining table, we can play cards there.clear [sth] off [sth] vtr + prep (clutter: remove)将…从…表面清除；把...上的...收拾干净Mike cleared the papers off his desk.麦克把自己桌子上的纸张收拾干净了。clear [sth] out of [sth] v expr (clutter: remove from a space)将…从…清理出去We need to clear all the junk out of the attic.我们需要将所有垃圾从阁楼清理出去。clear the snow from [sth] v expr (shovel snow away from)从…除雪I must clear the snow from the driveway so I can drive my car to work.clear-cut [sth] vtr (forestry: cut all trees in an area)砍光某区域所有的树Clear-cutting on steep slopes can cause erosion.砍光陡坡上的树可能导致水土流失。cleave [sth] vtr (split)劈开；剁开The geologist carefully cleaved the rock sample in two.地质学家很小心地将岩石样本劈成两半。cleave to [sth] vi + prep literary (cling, stick to)粘住The toffee was sticky and cleaved to the roof of my mouth.太妃糖很粘，黏在了我的上颚。cleave to [sth] vi + prep literary, figurative (belief: adhere to)坚持Many people still cleave to the idea that behaving honourably is important.clench [sth] vtr (muscle, fist, jaw: make tense) (肌肉)使收紧，使绷紧； (拳头)捏紧； (牙齿)咬紧I got scared when he clenched his fists.他捏紧拳头的时候我害怕了。clench [sth] vtr (grasp, grip with hand)捏住；握紧They clenched my arms and started pulling.他们抓紧了我的胳膊，开始拉我。clench [sth] vtr dated (clinch: secure, settle conclusively)胜券在握；确保； (比喻)咬紧The soccer team clenched the victory in the last few seconds of the game.那个球队在比赛最后几秒钟咬紧了胜利。click [sth] vtr (press computer mouse to select [sth])单击；点击Click this link to view a list of FAQs.点击这个链接，查看常见问题列表。click on [sth] vi + prep (computing: mouse) (计算机鼠标)点击，点选Click on the program icon to open it. I never click on links that I receive in emails.点击那个程序图标来将其打开。我从来没有点击过电子邮件里所附的链接。climb [sth] vtr (mountain)爬（山）；登（山）He climbed the mountain.他爬过这座山。climb [sth] vtr (ascend using hands and feet) (脚手并用地)爬He climbed the tree.他爬上树。climb [sth] vtr figurative (go up in organization) (比喻)攀爬He spent 25 years climbing the company's ranks before becoming president of it.climb down [sth] vi + prep (descend by grasping) (登山等)下，爬下She managed to climb down the mountain to fetch help for her injured friend.climb into [sth] vi + prep (enter: vehicle, etc.)爬进climb on [sth] vi + prep (horse, vehicle: get on)爬上Jack climbed on his horse and rode off.climb onto [sth/sb] vi + prep (get on top)爬到…上，登上Emma climbed onto the horse and flicked the reins, but the horse didn't move.climb out of [sth] v expr (exit: clambering)爬出…；从…爬出来climb out of [sth] v expr (exit: ascending)爬出…；从…爬出来climb over [sth/sb] vi + prep (clamber across)爬过；翻过Even if you manage to climb over the prison fence, the dogs will be waiting on the other side.climb up [sth] vi + prep (scale, ascend)爬上The cat climbed up the tree.那只猫爬上了那棵树。clinch [sth] vtr figurative (secure, settle conclusively)达成；成交We're hoping to clinch the deal this afternoon.我们希望今天下午就达成协议。cling to [sth/sb] vi + prep (hold tightly)紧紧抓住；紧紧抱住Knowing they would soon have to part, the lovers clung to one another.情人们知道即将彼此分离，紧紧抱住了对方。cling to [sth/sb] vi + prep figurative (to [sth], [sb]: emotionally)依恋；粘人I don't like the way Roger's new girlfriend clings to him.我不喜欢罗杰的新女友粘他的样子。cling to [sth] vi + prep figurative (belief: be faithful)坚持No matter what happens, religious people cling to their beliefs.不管发生什么事情，信教的人都坚持自己的信仰。clink [sth] vtr (cause to clink)使…发出叮当声"Cheers", she said, and we all clinked glasses.她说“干杯”，然后我们所有人都叮叮当当地碰了杯。clink [sth] together, clink together [sth] vtr + adv (knock with tinkling sound)碰响...He proposed a toast and we clinked our glasses together.clip [sth] vtr (cut)裁剪Alan asked the barber to clip a bit off the length of his hair.艾伦让理发师稍稍剪短了一下他的头发。clip [sth] vtr (cut short)打断Many people don't believe in clipping their dog's ears.很多人不相信给狗剪耳朵的事。clip [sth/sb] vtr (hit lightly)轻击Tina was clipped in the shoulder by a baseball at practice.clip [sth] vtr (shorten a word) (发音或拼写时)省略，截短Susie speaks quickly and clips her words.clip [sth] vtr (animals: trim fur)剪掉；修剪My poodle's hair grows fast, so I have it clipped frequently.我鬈毛狗的毛发长得很快，所以我经常要修剪。clip [sth] off, clip off [sth] vtr + adv (cut physically)切去；削去The electrician clipped off the end of the wire.clip [sth] off, clip off [sth] vtr + adv (cut sound recording)截去；删除The audio software clipped off the beginning of the recording.cloak [sth/sb] vtr figurative (hide)掩盖；掩饰The darkness cloaked the burglar, and he was able to move without anyone noticing.窃贼趁着夜幕的掩盖， 不知鬼不觉地离开了。cloak yourself in [sth] v expr figurative (be concealed)用…遮盖自己；用…掩盖自己Cloak yourself in darkness and sneak in the back way.cloak yourself in [sth] v expr figurative (have an air of)伪装成…的样子Sarah liked to cloak herself in an air of mystery, but that just covered up the fact that she was usually clueless.clobber [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep informal (beat, hit)猛击Brian's little brother clobbered him with a hockey stick.clobber [sb/sth] vtr informal, figurative (treat harshly)严厉对待；粗暴对待clock [sth] vtr (record, measure: time, distance, speed)测量；监测；计算The referee clocked the runner's time at thirty seconds.Wind speeds of 75 mph were clocked overnight.裁判在三十秒处为运动员计时。clock [sth] vtr (attain time, distance, speed) (时间、速度等)记录；记下The runner clocked a time of 15 minutes.clock [sth/sb] vtr (time with stopwatch)用秒表计时；用计时器记录clock [sth/sb] vtr UK, figurative, informal (notice)注意；留意clog [sth] vtr (block)堵塞；堵住Something is clogging the drain.有什么东西堵塞了下水道。clomb [sth] vtr archaic (climb: past tense)攀登，爬clone [sth] vtr (produce genetic copy of)克隆Scientists are able to clone animals, but it isn't done very often.close to [sth/sb] prep (near to)挨着；靠近The bank is close to the post office.这家银行挨着邮局。close [sth] vtr (shut) (门、窗等)关上Please close the window.请把窗户关上。close to [sth] adj + prep (nearly equal, almost)接近的；几乎相等的You and I are close to the same height.close [sth] vtr (fill in)填上；合上The builders closed the wall with the last brick.close [sth] vtr (conclude)结束；终止The final speaker closed the session.close [sth] vtr (block)封锁；堵住Workers have closed the road.close [sth] vtr (join, unite)使…闭合；环闭The people closed the circle by joining hands.close [sth] vtr (finalize)结束, 完成, 终结Let's close the negotiations now.现在结束谈判吧。close [sth] vtr informal (make a sale) (交易)达成The salesman hopes to close the deal today.close [sth] vtr (cease operations) (营业等)停止；关闭；关张The company closed the factory on Christmas day.close [sth] vtr (nautical: approach) (航海)（船）接近（岸边），靠（岸）The ship closed land that morning.close the door on [sth] v expr figurative (rule out, exclude)拒之门外；断绝The politician's latest comments, unfortunately, closed the door on a peace agreement between the two countries.close the gap between [sth] and [sth] v expr figurative (equalize [sth])缩小…与...差距close your eyes to [sth] v expr figurative (ignore [sth])无视Most families close their eyes to the fact that they're responsible for their children's failure.；closed to [sth/sb] adj + prep (not open physically)对…封闭；对…关闭The road is closed to traffic while it is being repaired.这条道在修路期间禁止通行。closed to [sth/sb] adj + prep (not accessible to)对…不开放Access to the online resources is closed to anyone who has not paid a subscription.在线资源不对未付订阅费的人开放。closed to [sth] adj + prep figurative (not willing to accept)不接受Antonia is closed to the idea.安东尼亚不接受这个想法。a closer look at [sth] n (more thorough examination)仔细审视…；仔细研究…closet [sth/sb] vtr (close in, isolate)使…在某地秘密会谈；把…隔离起来The cardinals were closeted at the Vatican until the Pope was elected.clot [sth] vtr (coagulate)使凝结；使凝合Put this on the wound to clot the blood.请把这个放在伤口上，使血液凝结。clothe [sb] in [sth] vtr usu passive (dress [sb] in [sth])给…穿衣The maids clothed the queen in rich, purple silk.cloture [sth] vtr informal (close a debate)终结...的辩论The debate was clotured, as there was nothing left to say.cloud [sth] vtr figurative (judgment, issue: obscure)遮蔽；妨害；混淆；模糊His optimism clouded his judgment.他的乐观主义模糊了自己的判断。club [sth] vtr (hit with heavy object)击打；打The batsman clubbed the ball high into the air.club [sb] with [sth] vtr (hit with heavy object)用…击打某人The two men clubbed their victim with a baseball bat.club [sth] with [sth] vtr (hit with heavy object)用…击打某物The soldier clubbed the villager's head with his rifle butt.club together to do [sth] v expr (share cost)凑钱；共担费用The students clubbed together to buy a present for their teacher.clued in on [sth], also UK: clued up on [sth] expr (well-informed about)对…所知甚多clueless about [sth] adj + prep informal (uninformed)一无所知的Don't ask me! I'm clueless about babies!clueless as to [sth] adj informal (not knowing [sth])无知的，什么都不知道的I'm clueless as to what to do next.我对接下去要做什么一无所知。clump [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (gather, cluster)将...和...拢在一起；把...和...聚在一起The toddler clumped the red beads with the yellow ones.幼童将红色和黄色的珠子拢在一起。clump [sth/sb] in with [sth/sb] v expr informal, figurative (include with)合在一起Don't clump me in with the troublemakers--I've never done anything wrong!不要把我跟闹事者混为一谈。我从不犯错！cluster [sth] vtr (group together)将…集中到一起The scientists clustered the results of the study and compared them with previous tests.科学家们将研究结果集中到一起，并与之前的测试结果进行比对。cluster around [sb/sth] vi + prep (gather)紧紧环绕着，聚集在…周围During story time, the students clustered around their teacher and listened intently.clutch [sth] vtr (hold [sth] firmly)紧紧抓住The old woman clutched her purse as she crossed the street.过马路的时候，那位老妇人紧紧抓住自己的钱包。clutter [sth] vtr (make messy)把...弄得乱七八糟；弄乱...Don't clutter my desk with your paperwork!把你的文件拿走，不要弄乱了我的桌子！co-host [sth] vtr (present jointly)共同主持co-host [sth] with [sb] vtr + prep (present jointly)和…共同主持coach [sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (train in a sport)在某方面训练某人Miss Martin coaches the girls in football and cricket.马丁教练训练女孩儿们的足球和板球。coach [sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (instruct or train)训练, 指导Ed coaches his clients in public speaking.艾德指导他的客户如何进行公众演讲。coach [sb] to do [sth] v expr (sports: teach [sb]) (体育运动)训练某人做某事，指导某人做某事Bill coached the boys to pass the ball better.比尔指导男孩们如何更好地传球。coach [sb] to do [sth] v expr (teach, assist)教…做；指导…做The father coached the mother to breathe as she delivered the baby.准爸在准妈分娩时指导她呼吸。coarsen [sth] vtr (make rougher)使…变粗，使…粗糙coarsen [sth/sb] vtr figurative (make less refined)变粗俗，变粗鲁coast through [sth] vi + prep (apply little effort)敷衍地做；不用心地做He is coasting through the maths course.在数学课上他马虎敷衍。coat [sth] vtr (cover with layer)涂上；包上You could try using honey to coat the top of the cake.她在干面包上涂了一层蛋白，让它看起来更有光泽。coat [sth] with [sth] vtr (cover with layer of [sth])用…覆盖；给…涂上Coat the top of the pie with beaten egg before baking.烘焙前，在派的表面覆盖上一层打好的鸡蛋。on the coattails of [sth] expr figurative (immediately following [sth])跟风...coauthor [sth], also UK: co-author [sth] vtr (write jointly)合著The two professors co-authored a paper on global warming.coauthor [sth] with [sb], also UK: co-author [sth] with [sb] vtr (write jointly)与…一起合著Caroline coauthored the book with her husband.coax [sb] to do [sth] v expr (persuade, entice to do)劝说某人做某事，劝服某人做某事；劝诱某人做某事，哄劝某人做某事They coaxed me to join them for the weekend.他们哄劝我和他们一起共度周末。coax [sb/sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (persuade, entice into)劝说…进入；劝说…做No matter how hard I tried, it was impossible to coax my cat into the carrier.不管我怎么努力，都无法让猫进到便携式猫箱里。coax [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (persuade, entice into doing)劝说某人做某事；哄某人做某事Jessica tried to coax her daughter into eating the oatmeal.杰西卡想哄女儿吃燕麦片。coax [sth] out of [sb] v expr (obtain by persuasion)劝说后得动cobble [sth] vtr (pave with rounded stones)以鹅卵石铺（路等）This street was cobbled in the late 18th century.cobble [sth] vtr archaic (make or repair: shoes) (古语)做鞋子The old master worked tirelessly to cobble shoes from dawn until dusk.cobweb [sth] vtr (cover in cobwebs)用蜘蛛网覆盖The students cobwebbed their dorm room for the Halloween party.cochair [sth], co-chair [sth] vtr (lead [sth] jointly)共同领导cock [sth] vtr (gun: set the hammer) (枪械)上膛；拉至待发状态He cocked his pistol, ready to fire.他给手枪上了膛，随时准备开枪。cock [sth] vtr (tilt)使…倾斜；歪斜He cocked his head to the side, listening.他歪着头用心听。cockle [sth] vtr (paper: make wrinkled)弄皱Be careful not to cockle the paper; it's an important document!cocoon [sb] in [sth] vtr (envelop)包裹；裹住The mother cocooned her baby in layers of blankets to protect him from the cold.cocoon [sth] vtr (envelop)裹住The layers of coats cocooned the child.cocoon [sth] in [sth] vtr (envelop)用…裹住Brad cocooned the shivering kitten in soft cloth.coddle [sth] vtr (food, esp. eggs: boil gently) (鸡蛋等)用文火煮Be careful not to overcook the eggs; just coddle them.code [sth] vtr (encrypt)加密The state government is coding all residents' social security numbers to prevent identity theft.为了防止身份盗窃的发生，州政府正对所有居民的社会保险号加密。code [sth] vtr (computing: program) (电脑程序、代码等)编写I can code basic programs and know a little about web design.我会编写基本的程序，还懂一点网页设计。code-name [sth] vtr (assign a code name to)给…的代号为They code-named it "Operation White Swan".codify [sth] vtr (put into an order or system)整理；编纂coerce [sb] into [sth] vtr (force, compel)迫使The police coerced the suspect into confessing to the crime.coerce [sb] into doing [sth] vtr (force, compel)迫使The government was coerced into accepting the treaty.coerce [sth] vtr (bring about by force)强令；强迫执行The police were accused of coercing a confession.coerce [sth] from [sb] vtr (bring about by force)强行实现Authorities attempted to coerce cooperation from the residents.coexist with [sb/sth], also UK: co-exist with [sb/sth] vi + prep (exist at the same time as)与...共存Ants coexisted with dinosaurs.coexist with [sth/sb], also UK: co-exist with [sth/sb] vi + prep (live side by side with)共生；共处Surprisingly, the dogs coexist with the cats here without issues.coexist with [sth], also UK: co-exist with [sth] vi + prep (be present simultaneously with)与...共存，与...并存cognizant of [sth] adj formal (aware)认识到的；意识到的；察觉到的The Government is cognizant of the shortage of teachers, and has put in place measures to encourage more people to enter the profession.coif [sth] vtr US (arrange hair) (指发型)梳成coil [sth] vtr (put into coil shape)卷起Jesse coiled the hose and placed it in the shed.洁茜把水管卷起来，放进工具棚里。coin [sth] vtr (phrase: create) (词语、说法等)创造；发明It's difficult to discover who originally coined slang words.要找到最初发明俚语的人很难。coincide with [sth] vi + prep (happen at same time)与…同时发生This year Easter coincides with my birthday.coincident with [sth] adj + prep (corresponding to [sth])相符的, 一致的Coincident with the terms of the contract, royalties will be fixed.coincidental with [sth] adj + prep (simultaneous)与...同时发生的；与...同时进行的；与...同时存在的The loud thunder clap was coincidental with the bright lightning flash.coke [sth] vtr (convert [sth] to fuel)将…炼制成焦炭cold chisel [sth] vtr (work on metal with cold chisel)用冷錾处理cold store [sth] vtr (keep in cold storage)将...存入冷藏库；把...放入冷库collage [sth] vtr (art: stick, paste) (艺术)把…拼贴到一起The photographer collaged several photos together to create this abstract work of art.collage [sth] onto [sth] vtr (art: stick, paste)拼贴The children will next collage their individual drawings onto a large poster board.collapse [sth] vtr (internet menu, etc.: reduce to headings) (电脑菜单等)折叠Click on the arrow to collapse the menu.点击箭头可折叠菜单。collate [sth] vtr (information: gather)搜集核对The researcher collated the data and prepared a report.研究员搜集了数据，准备出具一份报告。collate [sth] vtr (papers, data: compare) (不同来源的信息)对照，比对The two teams will collate their findings before drawing conclusions.collate [sth] vtr (pages: put in order)整理...的顺序；调整...的页码Denise collated and filed the documents.collateralize [sth], also UK: collateralise [sth] vtr (pledge as security on a loan)以…作抵押；抵押collect [sth] vtr (gather objects as hobby)收藏；收集He collects model cars.他收藏模型车.collect [sth] vtr (receive payment) (钱款)收, 收取The paperboy collected the money due to him.报童收了别人欠他的报费。collect [sth] vtr (accumulate [sth])积，聚集，堆积The furniture collects dust.家具容易积灰。collect [sth] vtr (gather information, etc.)集合；集中She collected all the information she could find on the topic.她收集到了这个话题能收集到的所有信息。collect [sth] vtr (solicit donations)募集；收集He stood there all day with his charity tin collecting money for the homeless.他一整天都拿着收集善款的罐子为无家可归的人募集捐助。collect [sth] vtr (pick up, fetch [sth])取回I was out when the postman called, so I had to go to the post office to collect my parcel.快递来的时候我不在家，所以我不得不亲自去一趟邮局，把包裹取回来。collect for [sth] vi + prep (solicit donations)募捐We're collecting for charity.我们正在为慈善事业募捐。collect [sth] vtr (receive, be awarded [sth])接受；领取I'm here to collect the award on behalf of my mother.我是来替我妈领奖的。collectivize [sth], also UK: collectivise [sth] vtr (politics: bring under central control)使集体化；使公有化；对…进行集中管理collectivize [sth], also UK: collectivise [sth] vtr (risk, debt, etc: make the responsibility of society as a whole)使…成为共同的collet [sth] vtr (jewellery: mount in a collet) (珠宝)将…嵌入底座collide with [sth/sb] vi + prep (crash)与…相碰撞；撞上The Titanic collided with the iceberg.泰坦尼克号与冰山相撞了。collide with [sth] vi + prep figurative (conflict)与…发生冲突；与…互相抵触His radical ideas collided with theirs.他的思想很激进，与他们的理念相冲突。collide [sth], collide [sth] and [sth] vtr (smash two things together)使对冲；使对撞Scientists collided the particles in a reactor.collocate with [sth] vi + prep (words: often appear together) (词语)和…搭配，和…组合collocate [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (words: put, bring together)把…和…搭配一起；把…和…组合在一起collude with [sth/sb] vi + prep (conspire or plot jointly with)与…勾结；与…串通；与…共谋Richardson was accused of colluding with the enemy.colonize [sth], also UK: colonise [sth] vtr (migrants: settle in)在…殖民；在…开拓殖民地Early explorers colonized the coastal regions.colonize [sth], also UK: colonise [sth] vtr (animals: form a colony in) (动植物)在…移地发育The family of meerkats colonized the prairie.color [sth] (US), colour [sth] (UK) vtr (apply color to [sth])给…涂颜色；给…着色The girl coloured a tree on her piece of paper.女孩给纸上的一棵树涂上颜色。color [sth] (US), colour [sth] (UK) vtr figurative (influence [sth]) (尤指负面)影响His experience in the war coloured his understanding of the world.他的战争经历影响了他对世界的认识。colorize [sth] (US), colourize [sth], colourise [sth] (UK) vtr (tint [sth], add color)给...染色；给…上色；使…着色comb [sth] vtr (hair: untangle by combing)梳，梳理After spending a day at the beach, it's difficult to comb my hair.在沙滩上待了一天之后，我的头发就变得很难梳理了。comb [sth] vtr figurative (search)彻底搜查They combed the beach for interesting shells.他们搜遍了整个海滩，寻找值得收藏的贝壳。comb through [sth] vi + prep (inspect thoroughly)仔细搜寻Linda spent the afternoon combing through old newspapers.comb [sth] vtr (cotton: treat to make soft) (棉花)精梳Combing cotton creates a softer fabric.combat [sth] vtr figurative (fight against) (比喻)与…作战We are combating opposition from a hostile press.combine [sth] vtr (mix)混合First, combine the ingredients with a whisk.首先用打蛋器将食材搅拌混合。combine [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (mix with)混合...和...；搭配...和...Julia combined the eggs with some milk.茱莉亚将那些鸡蛋与一些牛奶混合在一起。combine [sth] with [sth], combine [sth] and [sth] vtr + prep (add together)联合...与...Combine the sum from this column with the sum from that column to get the total.将这一列的数字加那一列的数字，即可得到总数。combine [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (add together)将…与…结合在一起Combining style with class, Audrey Hepburn's fashion is timeless.风格与品位相结合，奥黛丽赫本的时尚是永恒的。combine with [sth] vi + prep (unite with)与…联合；与…结合Nitrogen combines with hydrogen to produce ammonia.氮气与氢气结合产生氨气。combine to do [sth] v expr (unite to have an effect)协力；通力Poverty and physical disability combined to make life challenging for Wendy.贫穷与残疾协力让温蒂的生活充满挑战。combine to bring about [sth] v expr (cause jointly)共同导致Opposition to the government and anger at the police combined to bring about the riots.对政府的不满，以及对警察的愤怒，导致了暴乱的发生。combust [sth] vtr (burn [sth])燃烧come across as [sth] v expr (give certain impression)留下…的印象I don't know Emily very well, but she comes across as an intelligent girl.我不太了解艾米丽，但是她给我留下了聪明女孩的印象。come after [sth/sb] vi + prep (follow in sequence) (顺序)出现在…之后The letter Q comes after P in the English alphabet.come away from [sth] v expr (leave)从…离开Lucy came away from the interview feeling confident that she had got the job.come away from [sth] v expr (move further)离…远点Come away from that cliff edge; it may crumble.come away from [sth] v expr (become detached)从…上脱落The cupboard door had come away from one of its hinges.come back to do [sth] v expr (return in order to do [sth])回来Ava left home at 18, but came back ten years later to care for her mother.艾娃18岁离家，但在十年后她回来照顾她的母亲。come before [sth] vi + prep (precede)出现在…之前The number 2 comes before 3, and 4 comes before 5.come before [sth] vi + prep figurative (be more important than)优先于；比…更重要The welfare of my family comes before anything else.come clean about [sth] vi + adj informal (confess to [sth])坦白；坦诚说出You might feel better if you go to your boss and just come clean about what you did.come down [sth] vi + prep (descend)从…下来；下An avalanche prevented them from coming down the mountain.雪崩致使他们无法下山。come down on the side of [sth] v expr (decide in favor of)赞成；赞同come from [sth] vi + prep (be born or raised in)来自；出生于She comes from India.He comes from a very poor part of the country.她出生于印度。 // 他来自这个国家极其贫困的地区。come from [sth] vi + prep (have as its source)来自Three-quarters of our daily water supply comes from lakes, rivers, and streams.我们日常用水的四分之三来自于湖泊、河流以及小溪。come in contact with [sth], come into contact with [sth] v expr (be exposed to: [sth] harmful)接触；暴露于I phoned the doctor as soon as I found out I had come in contact with someone who had Swine Flu.come in for [sth] v expr informal (suffer: criticism, etc.) (批评、指责等)遭到，受到come into [sth] vi + prep (enter)进入When the famous actress came into the room, everyone turned to look at her.那位著名的女演员走进房间，每个人都转过头望向她。come into possession of [sth] v expr (find, obtain)拥有；占有；获得When I received my inheritance, I came into possession of several rare coins.我在遗产中收到了几枚稀有的硬币。come near [sth/sb], come near to [sth/sb], come close v expr (get closer)走近，接近，靠近Don't come near me or I'll shoot!come near to [sth], come close to [sth] v expr figurative (nearly experience [sth]) (比喻)差一点就, 几乎就要Lauren came close to death after contracting measles.感染天花后，劳伦差点去世。come near to doing [sth], come close to doing [sth] v expr figurative (nearly do [sth])差一点就...After I lost my job and my son died, I came near to having a breakdown.come on the heels of [sth] v expr informal, figurative (follow directly)跟随；紧跟come to [sth] vi + prep figurative (deteriorate) (某种程度，某种地步)糟到Has our relationship really come to this: shouting at one another in the street?我们的关系真的到了这种地步：在街上互相叫嚷？come to [sth] vi + prep (be about, relate to)说到；提到When it comes to the work of Charles Dickens, she is one of the world's leading experts.提到查尔斯·狄更斯的作品，她是世界上这方面一流的专家之一。come to grips with [sth], get to grips with [sth] v expr informal, figurative (understand)了解；明白；懂得One must read a work of philosophy several times in order to come to grips with it.come to grips with [sth], get to grips with [sth] v expr informal, figurative (master)掌握；学会When I had finally come to grips with algebra, I began to learn calculus.come to grips with [sth], get to grips with [sth] v expr informal, figurative (deal with, accept)处理；应付；接受It was difficult to come to grips with my parents' tragic deaths.come to know [sb/sth] v expr (grow familiar)逐渐明白；开始清楚You're not the woman I've come to know. You've changed.come to terms with [sth] v expr figurative (accept)接受…It took Rich years to come to terms with the death of his father.come to the defense of [sb/sth] (US), come to the defence of [sb/sth] (UK) v expr (defend, support)保护；保卫come to [sb]'s/[sth]'s defense (US), come to [sb]'s/[sth]'s defence (UK) v expr (defend, support)保护..., 捍卫...come under [sth] v expr (be categorized, grouped within)归入；分类到； (某一种类)属于This report comes under the heading of "Finance", so it can be filed in that folder.这份报告标题属于“金融”，所以该放到那个文件夹里。come under fire for [sth] v expr figurative (be criticized harshly)因为...而成为万夫所指；因为...而受抨击come with [sth] vi + prep informal (entail, necessitate) (非正式用语)必然引起；达成Success comes with hard work.勤奋努力才能成功。come with [sth] vi + prep informal (be accompanied by) (非正式用语)与…一起；配有，与…搭配Does the hamburger come with fries?这种汉堡配有薯条吗？come within an ace of [sth] v expr informal (almost do [sth])差一点就；几乎就come within an inch of doing [sth], be within an inch of doing [sth] v expr figurative (almost do)差一点就去做某事；几乎要去做某事command [sb/sth] vtr (be in charge)指挥；带领Johnson commands our platoon.我们团由约翰森指挥。command [sb] to do [sth] v expr (order to do)命令某人做某事；指示某人做某事The general commanded the troops to attack.将军命令部队采取进攻。command [sth] vtr (military: give orders)指挥；下令；派遣；命令The president commanded an attack on the enemy.总统下令对敌人展开进攻。command [sth] vtr figurative (respect, attention: attract)引得；博得He is a tall, imposing figure who commands attention.他仪表堂堂，很吸引人的注意。command [sth] vtr (overlook)监督；督促commandeer [sth] vtr (property: seize for military use) (财产)征用The soldiers stopped the vehicle and commandeered it, stranding the driver in a rural area.commemorate [sth] vtr (mark with a ceremony)庆祝We're having a get-together to commemorate the 10th anniversary of his death.commemorate [sth] vtr (honour, be memorial to)纪念The company gave my father a pen to commemorate his many years at the company.commence [sth] vtr formal (begin [sth])开始Let us commence the celebration of the princess's wedding.让我们开始庆祝公主的婚礼吧。commence doing [sth] v expr formal (begin an activity, action)开始做；着手做As soon as the music started, the crowd commenced dancing.音乐一开始，人们就跳起舞来。commend [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (praise [sb] for [sth])赞扬Judges commended her for her poise and coordination.commend [sth] vtr (praise [sth])称赞；赞赏The mayor commended the improvements to Main Street.commend [sth] for [sth] vtr + prep (praise [sth] for its qualities)称赞The architect commended the new building for its design aesthetic.commend [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (entrust [sth] to [sb])把…委托给；把...托付给I commended my cat to my mother while I was abroad.commend [sb] to [sth/sb] vtr + prep (entrust [sb] to [sth], [sb])委托The court commended the child to his uncle's care.commensurate with [sth] adj + prep (of equal measure)用相同标准衡量...的The benefits here aren't commensurate with my old job.commensurate with [sth] adj + prep (proportionate)与...相称的；与...相当的Their pay is commensurate with the amount of work they do.comment, comment on [sth], comment upon [sth] vi + prep (make remarks)就...进行评论；就...发表意见The President refused to comment on his secretary's accusations.对于秘书的指控，总统拒绝评论。comment, comment about [sth] vi + prep (make remarks)评论；发表意见Audrey commented about the newspaper article.奥德丽就报纸上的文章发表了意见。commentate [sth] vtr (narrate, comment on: sport, etc.) (指体育比赛)解说，评论commercialize [sth], also UK: commercialise [sth] vtr (turn [sth] into a business)使商业化；使商品化A tech company has approached the designer about commercializing his invention.commingle [sth], comingle [sth] vtr (combine, mix)把…掺和在一起；使…混合commission [sth] vtr (order [sth])委托； (指开展工作)请...The king commissioned an opera to be written for the royal wedding.国王请人为皇家婚礼谱一部歌剧。commit [sth] vtr (perpetrate)犯；做，干The prisoner is likely to commit more crimes if released.这名囚犯如果被释放，可能会犯下更多的罪行。commit to [sth] vi + prep (fully engage in)致力于；全心全意投入于You must be willing to commit to the program for at least three months.你必须愿意全心全意投入到该项目中至少3个月。commit [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (entrust)把…托付给某人I commit the care of my children to you, should I not return from the mission.如果我这次任务没能回来，我的孩子就托付给你照顾了。commit to doing [sth] v expr (fully engage in doing)致力于；潜心于I committed to working on the project for the next six months.接下来六个月中，我会全身心投入这个项目。commit yourself to [sth] v expr (fully engage in)致力于Paine committed himself to the cause of American independence.佩恩全身心投入美国独立运动。commit yourself to doing [sth] v expr (fully engage in doing)全身心投入；将所有精力集中在You need to schedule times when you will commit yourself to studying.你需要安排好全神贯注学习的时间。commit [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep often passive (refer to a committee)将…提交给…以讨论This matter should now be committed to the council housing committee for final consideration.现在应该将这个问题交给理事会住房委员会进行最后审议。commit [sth] to memory v expr (memorize)记住；牢记Spies commit their orders to memory instead of carrying them on paper.committed to [sb/sth] adj + prep (dedicated to)献身于...的；奉献给...的Sheila was fully committed to her family, above all else.家庭对希拉而言高于一切，她全心全意地献身于自己的家人。committed to doing [sth] adj (person: dedicated to doing)致力于；献身于；奉献给Rachel is committed to bettering the lives of animals.蕾切尔致力于改善动物的生存环境。committed to do [sth] adj (obliged)承诺做…；保证做…Rita was committed to speak at the conference that morning.瑞塔承诺那天早晨要在会议上发言。commune with [sth] vi + prep figurative (contemplate: nature) (比喻)与...神交I go camping to commune with nature.communicate [sth] vtr (send message)发出；传送；传输The sinking ship communicated an S.O.S. message to other ships in the area.即将沉没之时，那艘船向区域内其他船只发出了SOS求救信号。communicate [sth] vtr (convey: emotion) (情绪等)表达Dogs communicate fear through their body language.犬类通过肢体语言表达恐惧。communicate with [sth] vi + prep (be connected, lead to)与…相通，与…相连接；与...联通A system of golf cart paths allows every house to communicate with the town center.This classroom communicates with the one next door.一个高尔夫球车车道网让每家每户都能与市中心联通。 // 这个教室与隔壁教室相通。communicate with [sth] vi + prep (computers: be connected) (计算机)通讯；连接The printer communicates with all of the computers in the building via wifi.打印机通过无线网，与大楼的所有计算机进行通讯。communicate [sth] vtr (transmit)传染The disease was communicated to the nurse by the patient.communize [sth] vtr (make Communist)使...公有化commute to [sth] vi + prep (travel to: work, school)乘车去（上班、上学）；通勤Because she lives in the suburbs she has to commute to the city for work.由于她住在郊外，所以必须乘车去市区上班。commute [sth] vtr (prison sentence: reduce)减（刑）The judge commuted the prisoner's sentence on a technicality.法官根据某个技术细节给犯人减了刑。comp [sth] vtr US, informal, abbreviation (offer free of charge)赠送compact [sth] vtr (pack densely)把…压实；把…紧紧打包在一起The fabric can be compacted for easy shipping.comparable to [sth], comparable with [sth] adj + prep (similar to [sth])可与...相比的；可与...比较的In no way is your life comparable to mine.comparable to [sth] adj + prep (equal, as good as [sth])像…一样好The job offer from the factory was not comparable to the one I received from the software company.compare [sth] vtr (find similarities, differences) (找共同点，找差别)比较，对照The study will compare the quality of care of the hospitals.这一研究将对各医院的护理质量进行比较。compare [sth/sb] to [sth/sb] vtr + prep (make a comparison, contrast with)把…与…进行比较；将…与…进行对照We compared the results to those of previous tests. Critics have compared his films to those of Hitchcock.我们把该结果与之前的测试结果进行了比较。评论家们已经把他的电影与希区柯克的进行了比较。compare [sth/sb] with [sth/sb] vtr + prep (make a comparison, contrast with)把…与…相比；拿…和…比较When you compare ice cream with cake, it's clear that ice cream is the better dessert.冰淇淋和蛋糕相比，肯定冰淇淋是更好的甜点。compare with [sth/sb], compare to [sth/sb] vi + prep (be as good as)比得上；与…相匹敌This food does not compare with dinner at a good restaurant.这顿饭菜比不上好餐厅的晚餐。compare and contrast [sth] and/with/to [sth] v expr (note similarities, differences)比较和对比The article compares and contrasts the works of Plato and Aristotle.compare notes, compare notes on [sb/sth] v expr (exchange opinions, experiences)就...交流思想；就...交换意见We met up for lunch to compare notes on our new boss.compartmentalize [sth], also UK: compartmentalise [sth] vtr (arrange [sth] in sections)分隔；分装compartmentalize [sth], also UK: compartmentalise [sth] vtr figurative (separate [sth] into categories)划分；将…分类；把…分组compass [sth] vtr archaic (go around, circumnavigate)绕…而行compass [sth] vtr archaic (surround)包围；围绕The walls that compassed the city were too high to be scaled.compass [sth] vtr archaic (devise: a plan or way)策划；谋划compel [sb], compel [sb] to do [sth] vtr (force: [sb])强迫某人做某事The threat of being fired compelled Tricia to tell the truth about what she saw.由于害怕被开除，特丽莎不得不说出了目击的真相。compel [sth] vtr (force: [sth])迫使The president's powerful speech compelled the attention of his audience.总统慷慨激昂的演讲抓住了听众的注意力。be compelled to do [sth] v expr (be forced, obliged)被迫做某事；不得不做某事feel compelled to do [sth] v expr (feel obliged)有义务做某事；有责任做某事compensate for doing [sth] vi + prep (make amends)为…而补偿；为…进行弥补He booked a table at her favourite restaurant to compensate for forgetting their wedding anniversary.他忘记了结婚纪念日，作为补偿，他预定了她最喜欢的餐厅。compensate for [sth] vi + prep (counterbalance)抵消；弥补Vanessa's talent in art compensates for her poor math skills.凡妮莎的艺术才能弥补了她差劲的数学技能。compensate [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (reimburse [sb] for [sth])为…给…报销The company will compensate you for business expenses.公司将报销您的业务费用。compere [sth], compère [sth] vtr UK (host: an event or show)主持compete in [sth] vi + prep (take part in: sports, competition) (体育比赛)参与…的竞争，参与…的角逐He can compete in any sport.他能参与任何运动项目的竞争。compete against [sth/sb] vi + prep (sports, competition: try to beat) (竞赛等)与…竞争，与…对抗Edwards will be competing against some of the best athletes in the world.爱德华兹将要与那些全世界最优秀的运动员对抗。compete with [sth/sb] vi + prep (have as a business rival)与…竞争；与…对抗Small independent businesses have to compete with the large supermarkets.小型独立企业不得不与大型超市竞争。compile [sth] vtr (list, information)汇编；编制；编纂The FBI compiled a list of suspects in the bombing.联邦调查局编制了制造爆炸的嫌疑人列表。compile [sth] vtr (computers) (计算机)编译compile [sth] vtr (collect for hobby or book)收集The professor has compiled a large library of encyclopedias.complain about [sth/sb] vi + prep (find fault, express unhappiness)抱怨；埋怨She never stops complaining about her lazy, useless husband.He complained about the leak to his landlord.她总是抱怨自己那个好吃懒做的丈夫。// 他向房东抱怨漏水一事。complain of [sth] v expr slightly formal (express unhappiness about)抱怨；埋怨；因…而发牢骚Mr Jones complained of being woken by the barking of his neighbour's dog at 5 a.m.琼斯先生因为被邻居的狗在清晨5点的乱叫吵醒而发牢骚。complain to [sb/sth] vi + prep (make formal complaint)向…投诉You need to complain to the local government in writing if you want anything to be done.complement [sth] vtr (counterbalance, match)映衬；衬托The decor complements the architecture of the building perfectly.大楼的装潢完美地衬托了其建筑风格。complete [sth] vtr (finish)完成；结束I will complete the painting by Friday.我将在星期五以前画完这幅画。complete [sth] vtr (fill in)填写Please complete the form first.请先填表。complete [sth] vtr (reach 100 percent)全部完成；结束；完全达到They completed the fundraising, having reached their target.complete [sth] vtr US (sports) (体育)完成，达成The Yankees completed a sweep of their Boston opponents.洋基队大获全胜，击败了对手波士顿队。complete [sth] vtr UK (house purchase: finalize) (购房时)完成；完结We have exchanged contracts, and are due to complete the house purchase next week.我们交换了合同，约定下周完成房屋购买。compliant with [sth] adj + prep (respecting rules)符合The manager must ensure his restaurant is compliant with health and safety regulations.经理必须确保他的餐馆符合卫生健康与安全规章制度。complicate [sth] vtr (make [sth] more complex, difficult)复杂化The fact that his girlfriend is still married to another man complicates the situation.complicate [sth] for [sb] vtr + prep (make [sth] difficult for [sb])使复杂化The snow is going to complicate deliveries for the milkman.His long explanation only served to complicate the question for us.complicit in [sth] expr (involved in: a plot, etc.)串通一气；同谋The gang had told Rachel about their plans to rob the bank, making her complicit in the crime.compliment [sb] on [sth] vtr (say [sth] nice to [sb])为（某事）恭维（某人）Amy complimented me on my new haircut.艾米对我的新发型赞不绝口。compliment [sth] vtr (say [sth] nice about [sth])称赞；赞扬Shelley blushed when I complimented her hair.我赞美雪莱的发型，她脸红了。comply with [sth] vi + prep (go along with, obey)遵守；服从Lawyers have to strictly comply with the rules of professional conduct.律师必须严格遵守职业操守。compose [sth] vtr (write music)为…谱曲Mozart composed numerous operas.莫扎特为许多歌剧谱过曲。compose [sth] vtr (write [sth])写；撰写Brad sat down and composed a letter to his mother.布拉德坐下来，给他母亲写封信。compose [sth] vtr (create [sth])创造；创作The author composed his first story when he was six year old.那位作家六岁时就创作了自己第一个故事。compose [sth] vtr often passive (be part of [sth], make up [sth])构成；组成A bunch of crooks compose this government. Earth's atmosphere is composed of oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases.这届政府是一群贼匪组成的。地球的大气层是由氧气、氢气和其他气体组成的。compose [sth] vtr (arrange, order [sth])为...设计构图The artist composed and painted a beautiful still life of fruit and flowers.composed of [sth] adj + prep (made up of [sth])由...组成Our group is composed of two professors and three students.我们组由两位教授和三位学生组成。compost [sth] vtr (use as compost)把…当有机肥使用You can compost all vegetable peels and fruit skins.compost [sth] vtr (fertilize with compost)为…施有机肥Compost the peas for a longer harvest period.compound [sth] vtr (make worse)加重；使恶化The illness only compounded his health problems.他生了这个病，健康更成问题了。compound [sth] vtr (interest) (利息)按复利计算The bank compounds the interest daily.银行逐日以复利计算利息。compound [sth] vtr (combine)混合；合成Various materials are compounded in the making of plastics.compound [sth] vtr (construct)合成；调和Lets compound a new plan from everyone's different ideas.compound [sth] vtr (mix)调制；调和；混合The pharmacists will compound a remedy for us.comprehend [sth] vtr (understand)理解；懂得The students could not comprehend the long, complicated paragraph.学生们无法理解那个又长又复杂的段落。comprehend [sth] vtr formal (encompass, include)包括；涵盖The essay does not comprehend a solution to the problem.论文中并没有写到问题的解决方法。compress [sth] vtr (squeeze)压缩；挤压The leggings are made with a special material that compresses the muscles.compress [sth] vtr (condense, make more concise)浓缩；精简Because of publishing constraints, the article must be compressed.compress [sth] into [sth] vtr (condense, make more concise)精简Can you compress this essay into half the number of pages?comprise [sth] vtr (be made up, composed of)包括；由…组成The metropolitan area comprises downtown and several suburbs.大都市区包括市中心和几个城郊处。comprise [sth] vtr (constitute)形成；构成Men comprise the majority of employees in the information technology field.在信息技术领域，男性员工占了大多数。be comprised of [sth/sb] v expr (contain, be made up of)由…组成compromise on [sth] vi + prep (accept [sth] substandard)就…让步；就…退让It's better to compromise on location than safety when purchasing a house.买房时，与其在安全问题上妥协，不如在地点上让步。compromise [sth] vtr (put at risk)危害；威胁Flying a plane that has not been inspected properly compromises the safety of everyone on board.驾驶未经仔细查修的飞机会威胁到机上所有人的人身安全。compute [sth] vtr (calculate)计算How do you compute the area of a circle?computerize [sth], also UK: computerise [sth] vtr (digitize)使...电子计算机化The locks on the building have all been computerized; your old key won't work.；con [sb] into doing [sth] v expr informal (trick [sb] into doing [sth])骗某人做某事My friends conned me into going to see a musical.朋友骗我去看了一出音乐剧。con [sb] out of [sth] v expr informal (swindle money from [sb])从…手中骗走…The criminal conned one of his victims out of ten thousand dollars.罪犯从自己的一位受害者手中骗走了一万美金。con [sth] vtr archaic (learn by heart)默记concatenate [sth] vtr (link, connect)将…联系起来；将...连接起来The program concatenates words in a simulation of natural language.conceal [sth] vtr (hide: knowledge)隐瞒；掩盖Isabelle concealed her knowledge of the events.伊莎贝拉虽然知道那件事，但隐瞒不发。conceal [sth] vtr (hide: physically)隐藏；藏The little boy concealed a tiny kitten under his coat.那个小男孩在外套里藏了一只小猫咪。conceal [sth] vtr (hide: emotions) (情感)掩饰；隐藏Alice tried hard to conceal her emotions after being fired.concede [sth], conceded that vtr (admit)承认You have to concede that you misunderstood the question.concede [sth] vtr (surrender, give)承认The candidate eventually conceded the election.concede [sth] to [sb] vtr (surrender, give)交出The defeated king conceded the territories to the enemy.concede [sth] vtr (goal, match: lose)认输After a valiant effort, the soccer team conceded the match.concede [sth] vtr (advantage: lose, let go)失去The rugby team quickly conceded their lead.concede [sth] to [sb] vtr (advantage: lose, let go)让步The presidential candidate conceded the race to his rival.concede [sth] to [sb] vtr (goal, match: lose)输掉Our high school baseball team played well, but conceded the championship to our rivals.conceive [sth], conceive that vtr (think up: an idea, etc.)构思出；想出We conceived a plan to sneak away in the night.我们想出了个计划，打算趁夜色偷偷溜走。conceive [sth] vtr (become pregnant with)怀孕After years of trying, Stella conceived twins.多年努力后，史黛拉怀上了双胞胎。concentrate on [sth/sb] vi + prep (focus your attention on)专注于；集中注意力于I can't speak with you now; I have to concentrate on this reading.我现在不能和你聊天，我得专注于这篇阅读。concentrate on [sth] vi + prep (direct your energies into)投入精力于；集中精力于You should concentrate on passing the test.你应该集中精力通过测试。concentrate [sth] vtr (condense)缩短（文章、段落等）；精炼…The essay can be concentrated into two paragraphs.这片散文可以精炼成两个自然段。concentrate [sth] vtr (remove water, solvent)凝缩…；浓缩…；提纯…The chemical is concentrated by boiling.这种化学物质可以通过煮沸来提纯。concentrate [sth/sb] vtr often passive (group together)集中；聚集That ethnic group is concentrated in this part of the city.该族群聚居在城市的这个部分。conceptualize [sth], also UK: conceptualise [sth] vtr (form an idea)使…形成概念；形成…的构想I first conceptualized the idea of a local animal shelter two years ago.concern [sth/sb] vtr (be about, regarding)关于My question concerns your recent statements about foreign policy. The article concerning environmental issues can be found on page 2.我的问题是关于你近期对于海外政策所发表的言论。那篇关于环境问题的文章被刊载在第2页。concern [sb/sth] vtr (involve)关...的事；涉及；跟...有关This doesn't concern you.这不关你的事。concern yourself with [sth] v expr (worry about)对…感到忧虑；担心I'll buy it for you, so don't concern yourself with the cost.concern yourself with [sth] v expr (be preoccupied with)关心；关切It's best not to concern yourself with things you cannot change.concerned about [sth] adj + prep (worried about [sth])担心；为…而忧虑Tina is concerned about her weight and has decided to join a gym.蒂娜很担心自己的体重，于是决定去健身房锻炼。concerned with [sth] adj + prep (about a subject)关于…的，与…有关的，涉及…的Medical science is concerned with how the body works.医学是关于身体如何工作的科学。conciliate in [sth] vtr + prep (arbitrate)仲裁；调停Charles offered to conciliate in the dispute between the two people.conciliate [sth] vtr formal (reconcile)调停；使...意见一致；使...达成共识Mediators are trying to conciliate the demands of the two parties.conclude [sth] vtr (end a meeting, event) (会议、活动等)结束The chief of staff concluded the meeting early.主管提前结束了会议。conclude [sth] vtr (close a deal, agreement) (协议、条约等)达成，订立The two companies have been in talks for months, but have yet to conclude a deal.两家公司已经磋商了数月之久，不过仍未达成任何协议。conclude [sth] vtr (say to end [sth])总结The vicar concluded his sermon by asking the congregation to pray.在布道的最后，牧师要教众祈祷。concoct [sth] vtr (prepare, mix)调制，调配，调和The witch concocted a brew to turn the man into a frog.concoct [sth] vtr figurative (invent, fabricate) (比喻)捏造，编造The story was completely concocted, without a single true detail.concretize [sth], also UK: concretise [sth] vtr (make [sth] real, specific)具体化condemn [sb] to [sth] vtr (law: pass sentence on)宣判The defendant was condemned to life imprisonment.condemn [sb/sth] vtr (morally disapprove of) (道德上)谴责，责备On what grounds does the church condemn this man?condemn [sb] for [sth] vtr (morally disapprove of)因某事谴责某人The school condemned Lisa for her wild behaviour.condemn [sb] to [sth] vtr figurative (doom, destin)置于…境地The crew's abandonment of the man on the island condemned him to death.condemn for [sth] vtr often passive (building: declare unfit) (建筑)宣称…有缺陷，宣告…不宜居住The building was condemned by the local authority.condense [sth] vtr (text: abridge) (文本)压缩；缩短The author was angry that the publisher condensed her article.condense [sth] vtr (reduce, make shorter)缩短；精简We have a strict time limit, so please condense your speech.condense [sth] vtr (milk: remove water from)浓缩The milk is thick because it has been condensed.condescend to do [sth] v expr (do [sth] demeaning)屈尊做某事；俯就做某事I would never condescend to plagiarize from other sources.condition [sb], condition [sb] to do [sth] vtr (brainwash, affect behaviour)使适应；使有准备；使习惯于Politicians are conditioning the people to accept the policy.政客们在让人们做好心理准备，好接受这一政策。condition [sth] vtr (body, muscles)使（身体、肌肉等）适应于…He is conditioning his body for the race.他正在进行调整，使自己的身体适应比赛。condition [sth] vtr (hair: apply conditioner)给（头发）涂护发素I always condition my hair after washing.我在洗头后总会给头发涂护发素。condone [sth] vtr (approve of behaviour, action)默许The company doesn't condone the use of cell phones at work.condone [sth] vtr (excuse, overlook [sth])宽恕；宽容；纵容I'm afraid we can't condone so many absences in one month.conduce to [sth] vi + prep formal (lead to)导致conducive to [sth] adj + prep (that encourages, promotes [sth])有助于；增进；促成Drinking milk is conducive to the growth of strong bones.喝牛奶有助于强健骨骼的发育。conduct [sth] vtr (carry, transmit [sth])输送，传输；传导Wires conduct electricity. Water conducts sound.电线输送电流。水能传导声音。conduct [sth/sb] vtr (musicians: lead) (乐队)指挥He conducted the orchestra.他指挥过这个交响乐队。conduct [sth] vtr (carry out, perform [sth])实施；执行；实行The website conducted a survey of car owners.网站对车主们展开了一个调查。conduct [sth] vtr (manage, direct)管理；经营He conducted his business efficiently.他高效地管理着自己的生意。conduct [sth] vtr (meeting: lead)主持（会议）He conducted the meeting since nobody else wanted to.他主持会议是因为没有别人想主持。confect [sth] vtr (make: a delicacy)把…制成糖果confect [sth] vtr (construct, create)创建；创造confer [sth] on/upon [sb] vtr (give or bestow [sth])给...授予；将...赋予The president conferred the medal of honor upon the soldier.confess to [sth] vi + prep (admit [sth])承认；供认A woman came to the police station and confessed to the murder.一个女人来到警察局，供认自己杀了人。confess to doing [sth] v expr (admit doing [sth])承认做了某事；供认做了某事Jim confessed to making a mess in the office kitchen.吉姆承认自己弄乱了办公室厨房。confess [sth] vtr (admit: guilt) (罪孽、罪行等)承认，供认，坦白He confessed his guilt after hours of questioning.在几个小时的审讯后，他坦白了自己的罪行。confess [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (admit guilt to [sb])向…供认；向...坦白Dwight confessed his guilt to his pastor.德怀特向他的牧师坦白了自己的罪责。confess [sth] vtr (admit: sins to a priest)忏悔Mary suddenly felt that she needed to confess her sins.玛丽忽然觉得需要忏悔自己的罪孽。confess [sth] to [sb] vtr (admit: sins to a priest)向…忏悔Sophia confesses her sins to her priest frequently.索菲亚经常向自己的牧师忏悔她的罪孽。confide [sth] to [sb] vtr (secret: tell)将...向...坦白； (指秘密)对...说出Monica confided the truth to her best friend.confident of [sth] adj + prep (feeling certain of)对…有把握的；确信…的If you study hard, you can be confident of success in the exam.如果你努力学习，你就能确信考试能够成功。configure [sth] vtr (arrange, design)设定；设置The designer configured the room in a tasteful way.configure [sth] vtr (computing: set up) (计算机)配置The office's IT expert configured the new computer system for everyone.confine [sth] vtr (restrict, limit)局限；限制Please try to confine your remarks to helpful criticism.请尽可能只提出具有建设性的批评。confine [sth] to [sth] vtr (restrict, limit)把…限制在；把...圈在The farmer confined the sheep to one small field.农夫把绵羊圈在一小块地上。confirm [sth] vtr (verify)确定；确认I would like to confirm my travel reservations.我想确认一下我的旅游预订情况。confirm [sth] vtr (acknowledge)确认The hotel has confirmed our reservation. The bank has confirmed receipt of the money.酒店已经确认了我们的预约。银行已经确认收到款项。confirm [sth] vtr (prove [sth])证实；肯定The facts confirm the theory.事实证实了该理论。confirm [sth] vtr (agree [sth] is true)证实…；承认…The spokesman refused to confirm the rumours.发言人不承认流言所传。confirm [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (acknowledge to)向...确认...The hotel confirmed my booking to me by email.酒店通过电子邮件的方式向我确认了预订事宜。confiscate [sth] vtr (seize, take away)没收；将...充公The teacher confiscated Max's chewing gum.confiscate [sth] from [sb] vtr (seize, take away)没收A customs officer confiscated the cheese from Rodney.conflate [sth] and [sth] vtr (merge, bring together)合并…和；混合...和；混淆…和It is important to try not to conflate real people and stereotypes.conflate [sth] into [sth] vtr (merge, bring together)合并The author conflated the stories of three earlier novels into one masterpiece.conflate [sth] vtr (merge two variant readings) (文本)合并；混合conflict with [sth] vi + prep (contradict)与…起冲突；与…相抵触If local laws conflict with national laws, a judge must decide which prevails.conform to [sth] vi + prep (person: follow, comply with)服从；遵从She tries to conform to church teachings but it's not easy.她试图遵从教会教义，不过这并非易事。conform with [sth], conform to [sth] vi + prep (correspond with, be consistent with)遵守；服从；符合；一致The prince wants all new architecture to conform with traditional architecture.Does this part conform to the specifications?王子希望所有新建筑的风格都与传统建筑的风格一致。这款零件符合规格要求吗？confound [sth] vtr (plans, expectations: frustrate) (计划等)把…弄糟；挫败The weather suddenly turned foul, confounding the plans for a picnic.Confound [sb/sth]! interj formal (mild curse: expressing irritation)该死Confound this terrible weather!confront [sb/sth] vtr (oppose, face [sth])与...对质；直面Neil was reluctant to confront his boss about the problem.尼尔不想就那个问题与老板对质。confront [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (make [sb] face up to [sth])用...与...对峙，用...质问...；用...与...当面对证Ursula confronted her friend with proof of her betrayal.乌尔苏拉用她背叛的证据质问她的朋友。be confronted with [sth] adj (have to face [sth])面临；面对She broke into tears when she was confronted with her husband's infidelity.confuse [sth/sb] with [sth/sb] vtr (mistake)把...误认为...；把...错当成...I confused Sharon with her mum on the phone last night: she wasn't pleased.我昨天晚上在电话上把莎蓉错当成她妈妈的，弄得她不太高兴。confuse [sth/sb] vtr (mistake)混淆；把...搞错Eddy and Sid are twins, so people often confuse them for one another.艾迪和西德是双胞胎，所以人们经常混淆他们两人。confuse [sth] vtr (make unclear)使混乱；使不清晰The amount of irrelevant details confused the argument.confute [sth] vtr (prove wrong)驳倒；证伪congest [sth] vtr (block or overfill)充满；挤满；塞满conglomerate [sth] vtr (merge: companies) (公司)合并，联合The board of directors has decided to conglomerate the two companies.conglomerate [sth] with [sth] vtr (merge companies)合并The chairman signed an agreement to conglomerate his company with the larger oil company.congratulate [sb] on [sth] vtr (express joy for [sb])祝贺Everyone congratulated us on our stroke of luck.Congratulations on [sth] interj (expressing joy for [sb])祝贺Congratulations on your forthcoming marriage.Congratulations on doing [sth] interj (expressing joy for [sb]'s success)祝贺Congratulations on winning the marathon!congruent with [sth] adj (consistent)符合的；一致的The Minister was criticised for making statements that were not congruent with the Government's position on the issue.那位部长的言论与政府在该问题上的态度不一致，因此遭到了批评。congruent with [sth] adj (same shape, size)全等的，形状大小相同的；相同的Two triangles having identical angles and sides are said to be congruent with one another.conjecture [sth], conjecture that vtr (speculate)推测；预测The detective conjectured that the murderer hid the weapon in the forest.conjoin [sth] vtr (join or fuse together)使…结合；融合；将…连接在一起conjugate [sth] vtr (recite forms of: a verb)列举动词的词形变化Can you conjugate the verb "drive"?conjugate [sth] vtr (use correct form of: a verb)使用正确形式Mary has difficulty conjugating French verbs.conjure [sth] vtr figurative (produce magically) (比喻)变出The man conjured a dove out of thin air.conjure [sth] vtr figurative (call to mind) (比喻)使出现在脑海；想起The scenery conjured a vacation I took years ago in Hawaii.conjure [sth] vtr figurative (produce unexpectedlly) (比喻)变出；召唤出The store clerk suddenly conjured a pair of shoes in my size.connect [sth] vtr (attach)连接；连结Connect these wires.把这些电线连接起来。connect [sth/sb] vtr figurative (bring together) (比喻)连接；把…联系在一起The Internet connects people all over the world.互联网将世界各地的人联系在一起。connect to [sth] vi + prep (access: Internet, WiFi, etc.) (互联网，无线网等)连接到At the library you can connect to the WiFi for free.在图书馆，你可以连接到免费WiFi。connect with [sth] vi + prep (come into contact with)击中；打中There was a loud thwack as the bat connected with the ball.be connected with [sth] adj + prep (have to do with [sth])和…有关The police say this missing-person case seems to be connected with a house fire thirty miles away.connive at [sth], connive in [sth] v expr (conspire, plot to do [sth])密谋Critics say the government is conniving in the prevention of social mobility.connive to do [sth] v expr (conspire, plot to do [sth])密谋；蓄谋The executives connived to overthrow the CEO of the company.connote [sth] vtr (imply, have as a nuance)暗示；隐含This sentence connotes a change in policy.conquer [sth] vtr figurative (master)征服；攻克Leo finally conquered the difficult piano piece after months of practice.几个月的练习后，里奥终于攻克了那首高难度的钢琴曲。conquer [sb/sth] vtr (military)征服Early colonists attempted to conquer indigenous peoples.早期殖民者曾试图征服当地土著居民。conquer [sb/sth] vtr (defeat)击败；打败The university's baseball team conquered the rival team in the tournament.conquer [sth] vtr figurative (overcome)克服；战胜Sam conquered his fear of snakes by learning more about them.be conscious of [sth/sb] v expr (aware)知道…的；意识到…的He was conscious of the people around him, but did not acknowledge them.他知道周围有人，不过并没有朝他们示意。be conscious of doing [sth] v expr (aware of your actions)意识到…的；感觉到…的；知道...的We make judgements about people all the time without being conscious of doing so.我们甚至都意识不到自己总是在对他人评头论足、指指点点。be conscious of [sth/sb] v expr (self-conscious about [sth])对...在意的；对...敏感的He was conscious of his big feet, so he avoided dancing.他很在意自己那双大脚，所以会避免跳舞。be conscious of doing [sth] v expr (mindful of your actions)谨慎；小心Be conscious of how you step, because the rocks are slippery.由于岩石很滑，所以请谨慎迈步。consecrate [sth] vtr (make sacred)把…奉为神圣；圣化The old church was consecrated in 1825.consecrate [sth] to [sb] vtr (dedicate, devote)将...奉献给；将...献祭给The new mother vowed to consecrate her life to her child.consecrate [sth] to [sth] vtr (dedicate, devote)奉献；献给Francis decided to consecrate his life to the church.consent to [sth] vi + prep (agree to [sth])同意；赞成Not many people in town would consent to raising taxes.镇上同意增税的人不多。consent to do [sth] v expr (agree to do [sth])同意做...；赞成做...Ross consented to take a lie detector test.罗斯同意接收测谎仪测试。conserve [sth] vtr (resource: not waste) (资源)保存，保留；节约，节省We do our best to conserve energy whenever possible.conserve [sth] vtr (energy: save, reserve) (精力)留一点，留着一些；养精蓄锐It's important to conserve fossil fuels.conserve [sth] vtr (fruit: preserve) (水果)保存，贮藏；制成蜜饯What's the best way to conserve strawberries?consider [sth] vtr (take into account)考虑；想到Have you considered the long-term consequences of this decision?您考虑过这个决定的长远后果吗？consider [sth] vtr (reflect on)考虑，思考，想一想Consider the implications of that discovery!想一想这一发现意味着什么！consider [sth] vtr (weigh possibilities) (针对各种可能性)考虑，权衡She considered her options and what to do next.她对自己面临的选择和接下来该做什么进行了权衡。consider [sb/sth] [sth] v expr (with a noun: judge)认为；把…看作Shani is considered a good student.萨尼是公认的好学生。consider [sb/sth] to be [sth] v expr (with a noun: judge as [sth])评判；认定；认为I consider my actions that day to be a mistake. Many consider Mozart's "Requiem" to be his masterpiece.我认为我那天的行动是个错误。consider [sb/sth] to be [sth] v expr (with an adjective: judge)评判；认为Many people today consider corporal punishment to be wrong.如今许多人认为体罚是错的。consider doing [sth] v expr (think about doing [sth])考虑做某事Henry is considering taking up a sport.亨利正在考虑参加一项体育运动。consider [sth] vtr (look at)看着；注视She considered his face for a long time, and then smiled.consign [sth] vtr (goods: send, ship) (货物)托运，发运The parcel was consigned on Monday, so it should arrive soon.consign [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (goods: send, ship)将...寄送给The package was consigned by mail to Mary.consign [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (banish, relegate)把…发配到；将...流放到The former emperor was consigned to life on a remote island.这位前帝王被终生流放到一座遥远的小岛上。consign [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (entrust)将...分派给；将...委派给；将...交付给Before I moved abroad, I consigned my assets to my cousin.consist in [sth] vi + prep dated (have as main feature) (过时用语)以…为主要构成部分；主要由...组成Freedom consists in the right to choose your own path in life.consist in doing [sth] v expr dated (have as main feature)主要在于；主要是；主要特点是Religion consists in believing in a deity.consistent with [sth] adj + prep (in agreement with)和…一致的；符合…的The judge's ruling is consistent with the outcomes of similar court cases in the past.法官对这项案件的判决与过去类似案件不一致。consistent with [sth] adj + prep (fitting a diagnosis or explanation) (症状、结论)与…一致The victim's injuries are consistent with a sharp blow to the head.受害者的伤口与头部的一记重击留下的伤痕一致。consolidate [sth] vtr (strengthen, make solid)加强；巩固The party's trying to consolidate support.The aim of these revision sessions is to consolidate what you have already learned.这个党派正尝试巩固支持。// 这些复习课的目的是巩固你们已经学过的知识。consolidate [sth] vtr (combine)使联合；合并The two companies will be consolidated to form one.consonant with [sth] adj + prep (in harmony with)一致的The business operates in a manner consonant with its economic priorities.conspire to do [sth] v expr (plot together)共谋；合谋；密谋The three conspired to steal the famous painting.conspire [sth] vtr archaic (plot [sth] bad)共同密谋；共同蓄谋The sailors secretly conspired a mutiny.conspire to do [sth] v expr figurative (events: coincide)共同导致Events have conspired to keep us apart these past few months.constitute [sth] vtr (form, be)组成；构成The states that constitute this country each have their own culture.constrain [sb] to do [sth] v expr (force, restrict [sb])迫使（某人）做（某事）；约束（某人）被迫做（某事）I would love to work abroad, but my family responsibilities constrain me to stay in this country.我希望能在境外工作，但我的家庭责任迫使我不得不留在这个国家里。constrain [sb] from doing [sth] v expr (hold [sb] back legally)限制 （某人）做（某人）；约束（某人不准其）做（某事）The contract constrained the author from hiring a new agent.作者受到合同约束，不能雇佣新经纪人。constrain [sth] vtr (limit, restrict [sth])限定；限制The boss has constrained the number of overtime hours allowed each week.老板限制了每周允许的加班时间。constrained by [sth] adj + prep (limited: by laws, means)受限制的；受约束的The power of the police is constrained by the law.constrained to do [sth] adj (forced to do [sth])被强迫做某事；被强制做某事Ann felt constrained to come to the party even though she didn't want to.constrict [sth] vtr (squeeze)压紧；挤紧The snake constricted the man's body.constrict [sth] vtr figurative (limit, restrict)约束；限制The house arrest order constricted Bobby's activities.construct [sth] vtr (build)建造The city plans to construct a new community center.这个城市计划建造一处全新的社区中心。construct [sth] vtr (create, form)构建；构造The students learned how to construct effective sentences.学生学会了如何构建有效的句子。construe [sth] vtr often passive (interpret)解释Sally's version of the story could be construed in two ways.construe [sth] vtr (parse: a text) (文本)对…进行语法分析Translation of a Latin text is easier if you construe it first.consult [sth] vtr formal (refer to [sth])查阅；查看If you don't know where Belgium is, you should consult a world map.consume [sth] vtr (eat)吃；消耗Our livestock consumes quite a lot of feed every day.我们的牲畜每天都消耗许多饲料。consume [sth] vtr (use up)耗尽This app consumes a lot of my phone's battery power.这款手机应用耗电量很大。consume [sth] vtr (destroy)烧毁；毁灭Unfortunately, the fire completely consumed the museum.不幸的是，火灾烧毁了博物馆。consumed with [sth], consumed by [sth] adj + prep figurative (overwhelmed by emotion)被（嫉妒等）强烈影响；妒火中烧Paul was consumed with jealousy when he saw Sarah with another man.consummate [sth] vtr (marriage: have sex)圆房；通过同房以完婚The couple never consummated their marriage.consummate [sth] vtr (fulfil, complete)实现；完成The partners consummated the business deal over a round of golf.contain [sth] vtr (have inside)包含；装有The box contains two bottles.这个盒子里装有两个瓶子。contain [sth] vtr (hold back feelings) (感情等)控制；克制It was hard to contain her emotions. Contain your excitement!contain [sth] vtr (hold back, restrain)控制；遏制；抑制The doctors tried to contain the disease.containerize [sth], also UK: containerise [sth] vtr (pack, load [sth] for shipping)用集装箱装运；将…装入集装箱contaminate [sth] vtr (pollute)污染；弄脏The river is constantly contaminated by the factory.contaminate [sth] with [sth] vtr (pollute)污染The water is contaminated with waste from the water treatment facility.contemn [sth/sb] vtr rare (scorn) (罕见用法)鄙视，蔑视contemplate [sth] vtr (take a long look at [sth])凝视；凝望Lauren contemplated her reflection in the window.劳伦凝望着自己在窗户上的倒影。contemplate [sth] vtr (think about [sth])想象It's hard to contemplate life without my parents.如果没有了我父母，我很难想象生活该是什么样子。contemplate [sth] vtr (consider a possibility)考虑I am contemplating a career in law.我在考虑选择法律行业。contemplate doing [sth] vtr (consider a course of action)考虑；仔细琢磨Brenda contemplated getting a guard dog.布兰达考虑养一只护卫犬。contend for [sth] vi + prep (compete, vie)争夺；竞争They were contending for the World Heavyweight Championship.他们正在争夺世界重量级冠军。contend with [sth] vi + prep (struggle against)与...作斗争；与...搏斗Scott found it impossible to contend with the blizzard.斯科特发现与暴风雪作斗争是不可能的。content to do [sth], content with doing [sth] adj (satisfied)满足于…的，对做…感到心满意足的She was content to hear about his promotion.听说他升了职，她很满足。content yourself with [sth] v expr (be satisfied with [sth])满足于I'm too old to party on a Friday night; these days I content myself with a cup of tea and a few episodes of my favourite TV show.content yourself with doing [sth] v expr (be satisfied with doing [sth])满足于Jane had to content herself with redecorating her kitchen as she couldn't afford to have a new one fitted.简只能选择重新布置厨房，因为她无法负担新装厨房的费用。contest [sth] vtr (issue: dispute)质疑；怀疑；对...提出质疑The doctor contested the malpractice lawsuit.那位医生对失职案件提出了质疑。；contest [sth] vtr (title: compete for)竞争；争夺Gymnasts from across the world met to contest the title of World Champion.来自世界各地的体操选手汇聚一堂，一同争夺世界冠军的头衔。contextualize [sth], also UK: contextualise [sth] vtr (put [sth] into context)将…放入上下文中考虑；把…融入语境Emma contextualized the monologue by describing briefly the events leading up to it.contiguous with [sth], contiguous to [sth] adj + prep (bordering, touching)相邻的；相连的Oregon is contiguous with California.contingent on [sth], contingent upon [sth] adj + prep (dependent on)视情况而定的；要看...My offer to buy the house is contingent upon obtaining a mortgage.我是否买下这栋房子，要看能不能获得贷款。continue [sth] vtr (not stop) (不停顿)继续He continued his work without stopping for lunch.他继续工作，没有停下来用午餐。continue [sth] vtr (resume) (停顿后)继续Are they going to continue the project, or is it permanently suspended?他们是要继续进行项目呢，还是永远搁置下去？continue to do [sth], continue doing [sth] v expr (carry on)继续做After retirement, Jane continued to work as a supply teacher.退休后，简继续在做代课老师。continue [sth] vtr (extend)延续；延长；使…延期I wonder if they will continue the programme for another year.continue [sth] vtr (legal proceeding) (法律)使（诉讼）延期The lawyer sought to continue the case, but the judge would not grant his request.contort [sth] vtr (twist)扭曲；歪曲The graphic designer contorted the photo using a special computer program.contract [sth] vtr (get a disease) (疾病)染上，感染上He contracted malaria in Africa.他在非洲染上了疟疾。contract [sth] vtr (tighten [sth])收缩；收紧Contract the muscles in your leg when you do this stretch.contradict [sth/sb] vtr (say the opposite of)反驳；否定Don't embarrass him by contradicting him in public.contradict [sth] vtr figurative (be at odds with) (比喻)与…不和；和…冲突；和…抵触Tommy's views contradict those of his parents.contraindicate [sth] vtr (medication, medical procedure) (医药等)忌, 禁忌contrarily to [sth/sb] adv (unlike, in an opposite way to)与...相反地contrary to [sth] prep (in opposition to)相反Contrary to his expectations, thousands of people were at the airport to welcome him.与他预料的正相反：数千人来到了机场迎接他。contrary to [sth] prep (in conflict with)与...有冲突；与...相反；与...相悖She left the job because the company's policy on animal testing ran contrary to her beliefs.由于公司在动物实验方面的政策与她的信念相悖，她辞了职。contrast with [sth] vi + prep (colour: be complementary) (颜色)与…形成鲜明对比，与…互补I love how the blue eyeliner contrasts with your brown hair and eyes.我很喜欢那蓝色眼线与你褐发以及褐色眼瞳形成的鲜明对比。contrast [sth] and/with [sth] vtr (show differences)对比...和...；将...与...相比Let me contrast the correct and incorrect posture for this dance.让我来对比一下这个舞蹈正确和错误的姿态。contravene [sth] vtr (go against)违反The workers' opinions contravened those of their boss.contravene [sth] vtr (law: violate)违反；与...冲突Opponents of the legislation point out that it contravenes the Human Rights Act.contribute [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (give money or resources)给...捐献...Jeffrey contributes money to a local animal shelter every year.杰弗里每年都给当地一家动物收容所捐款。contribute to [sth] vi + prep (help, do [sth])为…出一份力；为...做出贡献Many thanks to everyone who contributed to the clean-up of litter on the beach.非常感谢为清理海滩做出贡献的每个人。contrive [sth] vtr (devise, work out)谋划；策划；计划Help me contrive a way to prevent her sitting next to me.contrive to do [sth] v expr (find a way, arrange to do [sth])设法做到They somehow contrived to arrive hours earlier than we did.control [sth] vtr (manipulate: machine) (机械、机器)操作；控制The crane operator controlled the machine without problem.吊车员操作起机器来毫无问题。control [sth/sb] vtr (restrain)控制The police struggled to control the crowd.警方尽力控制人群。control [sth] vtr (subdue)克制，控制You must try to control your anger.你必须试着克制自己的怒火。control [sb/sth] vtr (direct)指挥；指教；指教The manager controls the employees under him.该名经理负责管理手下的员工。control [sth] vtr (restrict)限制；管制The curfew controls the movements of the citizens.controvert [sth] vtr (contradict, oppose)反驳；反对contuse [sth] vtr (bruise)挫伤；擦伤convene [sth] vtr (call: a meeting) (会议)召集；召开He's convened a meeting of the finance committee for next week.convene [sth/sb] vtr (summon: a group of people)召集The president convened a meeting of the members of the board.conventionalize [sth], also UK: conventionalise [sth] vtr (make [sth] conventional)使成为传统；使成为惯例converge [sth] vtr (rays, lines: bring together)汇集；交汇A convex lens can converge light rays.be conversant with [sth] v expr (be knowledgeable about [sth])通晓…知识的；精通…知识的To do this job, it helps to be conversant with Python.精通Python语言有助于做好这个工作。convert [sth] vtr (change)转变The senator's powerful speech converted public opinion.议员慷慨激昂的演讲让公众观点发生了改变。convert [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (change to [sth] else)将…转换为；将…转化为Please convert the fractions to decimals.请将分数转化为小数。convert [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (transform, adapt)将…改造为；将…改建为Mack converted the mailbox into a birdhouse.马克将信箱改造成了鸟窝。convert [sth] into [sth], convert [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (currency: exchange) (货币)将…兑换为I need to convert my US dollars into pounds sterling.我需要将我的美元兑换为英镑。convert [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (change [sb]'s mind)使…转而接受Luke converted Sheila to the merits of jogging every morning.卢克使茜拉转而接受每天早晨慢跑的好习惯。convert to [sth] vi + prep (change to new religion)皈依Incredibly, Pope Pius II once considered converting to Islam.令人惊奇的是，教皇皮乌斯二世曾一度考虑过皈依伊斯兰教。convert [sth] into [sth], convert [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (change over)改换；转换Do you know the formula to convert inches to centimeters?你知道英寸转厘米的公式吗？convert [sth] vtr (measure: find equivalent)换算；转换convert [sth] vtr (currency: exchange) (货币)兑换I need to convert some yen.convert [sth] into [sth], convert [sth] to [sth] vtr (measure: find equivalent)将…换算为；将…折合为convert [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (make [sb] adopt new religion)使...接受新宗教信仰Because she was worried about my soul, she kept trying to convert me to her religion.convert into [sth] vi + prep (change to different form)转变为；转化为This sofa converts into a bed.convert [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (building: modify, repurpose) (建筑物)改造，改建，改装The old gas station has been converted to a diner.convey [sth] vtr figurative (communicate) (比喻)表达；传达；传递He has difficulty conveying his thoughts to the rest of the group.他很难把自己的想法传达给小组的其他人。convey [sth] vtr (transmit)输送These pipes convey water to the boiler.convey [sth] vtr (transport)传送；运送The assembly line conveyed the parts to the next station.convey [sth] vtr (suggest)传递出；暗示着This passage conveys a suspenseful tone.conveyor of [sth], conveyer of [sth] n (person who carries information)运送者，传送者；传播者，传达者I don't want to be the conveyor of such terrible news.convince [sb], convince [sb] of [sth] vtr (persuade)使确信；说服He had finally convinced his customers of the advantages of his product.他终于让客户相信了他产品的优点。convince [sb] [sth], convince [sb] that [sth] vtr (make [sb] believe [sth])使…信服；使…相信；说服某人相信The jury had been sceptical, but the evidence convinced them the defendant was not guilty.Reading the manifesto convinced me that this was the party I wanted to vote for.convince [sb] to do [sth] vtr (influence to act)说服某人做某事A letter from his mother convinced him to come home after years abroad.convinced of [sth] adj + prep (persuaded, certain of [sth])相信；确信I am convinced of this man's innocence.我相信此人无罪。convoke [sth] vtr (call together)召集；召开convolute [sth] vtr (twist, coil, or roll)盘旋convolute [sth] vtr (argument, idea: complicate)把…弄复杂；使...复杂化convulse with [sth] vtr + prep ([sb], [sth]: shake violently due to [sth])因...而浑身颤抖；因...而抽搐David convulsed with laughter on hearing the joke.convulse [sb/sth] vtr ([sth]: cause to shake violently)剧烈震动；剧烈摇晃Sobs convulsed the grieving widow's body.coo over [sth] vi + prep figurative (admire [sth])赞赏The girls all cooed over Belinda's new designer bag.cook [sth] vtr (food: apply heat)做, 烹饪；烹煮Cook the fish for fifteen minutes.烹煮鱼15分钟。cool [sth] vtr (make colder)使凉快；凉下来；变凉The air conditioner cooled the air.空调让温度降了下来。coop [sth] vtr (poultry: keep in an enclosure) (禽类)将…关进笼子We coop our chickens at night and let them roam freely during the day.cooperate with [sb/sth], co-operate with [sb/sth] vi + prep (act with)与...合作，与...协作The witness would not cooperate with the investigation.coopt [sth], co-opt [sth] vtr (appropriate)借鉴，吸取coordinate [sth], co-ordinate vtr (organize, bring together) (工作)协调；安排Marnie and Stella coordinated the company picnic.玛尼和史黛拉负责协调组织公司野餐活动。coordinate [sth] with [sth], co-ordinate vtr + prep (match: colours, etc.) (颜色)协调；使...和...搭配Mrs. Jones wants to coordinate the curtains with the furniture.琼斯夫人希望使窗帘和家具搭配起来。coordinate with [sth], co-ordinate vi + prep (match, go together)与...协调；与...匹配The color palette chosen for this room coordinates well with the architecture.这个房间所选用的色彩组合与建筑很协调。cop [sth] vtr US, slang (buy: drugs)购买（毒品）Jack went into the alley to cop some cocaine.杰克到小巷子里买可卡因去了。cop [sth] vtr UK, slang (receive)得到；获得John copped a warning from the referee for losing his temper during the match.因为在比赛时大发脾气，约翰从裁判手中获得了一次警告。cop [sth] vtr US, slang (steal) (俚语)偷Brian copped a slice of pizza while no one was looking.布莱恩趁没人看见，偷了一块披萨。cope with [sth] vi + prep (struggle against: conditions)应对；对抗Renoir coped with severe rheumatoid arthritis for the last 25 years of his life.在生命的最后25年里，雷诺阿一直于严重的类风湿关节炎作斗争。copilot [sth], also UK: co-pilot [sth] vtr (aircraft: control jointly) (飞机)共同驾驶Roger co-piloted the plane with Captain Sanderson.coppice [sth] vtr UK (trim trees or bushes) (花草等)修剪；打理The city coppices trees every year to promote healthy growth.copy [sth], copy out [sth], copy [sth] out vtr (reproduce exactly)抄, 抄写；仿制, 临摹I copied the phone number to my notebook.我把电话号码抄到笔记本上。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 他临摹的这幅山水画惟妙惟肖，根本看不出与原作有什么区别。copy [sth] vtr (photocopy)复印；复制I copied the forms before I mailed them.在邮寄前我把表格复印了。copy [sth/sb] vtr (imitate in manner or looks)模仿；效仿He tried to copy his friend's attitude and friendly manner.copy [sth] vtr (transcribe from written original)抄写；誊写Please copy the entire paragraph by hand.copy and paste [sth] vtr (copy data and insert it elsewhere) (计算机)复制粘贴It's easy to copy and paste text to move it from one part of your document to another.copy edit/copy-edit [sth] vtr (text: revise)编辑；编审copycat [sb/sth] vtr informal (mimic [sb], [sth])模仿Thousands of girls copycatted the singer's fashion.copyright [sth] vtr (get copyright on)获得...的版权It's not practical to copyright clothing designs.coquet with [sth] vi + prep rare, figurative (dally: with an idea)轻率地对待corbel [sth] vtr (provide with a corbel)用梁托支撑；装上托臂cordon [sth] vtr (restrict access to)封锁They have cordoned the whole area and told residents to stay away.core [sth] vtr (fruit: remove centre) (水果)去掉…的核First, you need to core the apple.首先，你需要把苹果的核去掉。cork [sth] vtr (bottle, wine)用瓶塞塞住Cork the bottle and put it away.用瓶塞塞住酒瓶，然后放起来。a corker of a [sth] n slang ([sth] outstanding or remarkable) (物)杰出, 出类拔萃corn [sth] vtr (preserve with brine)腌制；腌In those days, every butcher knew how to corn beef.corner [sth] vtr (gain control, monopoly)垄断She had just about cornered the gold market.她几乎垄断了黄金市场。corner [sth] vtr (be on an intersection) (十字路口)位于...的一角The candy shop corners my street.corner the market in [sth] v expr figurative (predominate)垄断...方面的市场Manchester United have cornered the market in scoring important goals in extra time.corral [sth] vtr (round up: livestock) (牲畜)把…赶入围栏，把…关进牲畜栏The cowboys corralled the cattle before sunset.corral [sth/sb] vtr figurative (round up, gather) (比喻)聚拢, 集拢The children were impossible to corral.correct [sth] vtr (teacher: mark, grade) (教学)批改The teacher needs to correct the papers by Friday.老师需要在星期五以前批改完试卷。correct [sth] vtr (set right)修正；修改He corrected the drawing before his boss saw it.他趁老板不注意/赶紧改正了绘图。correct [sb], correct [sb] for [sth] vtr dated (punish) (过时用语)因...而惩罚，因...而惩治Mrs. Reed frequently had to correct Jane for her bad behaviour.丽德夫人常常要惩罚简的不良行为。correlate with [sth] vi + prep (be related to)与...有关联；与...相关Does being read to as toddler correlate with success in school?correlate [sth], correlate [sth] and [sth] vtr (relate two or more things)使彼此关联；使彼此联系Scientists can correlate brain activity and eye movement.correlate [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (relate [sth] to [sth])使互相关联；使互相联系Researchers have correlated monkeys' cries with specific actions.correlative to [sth] adj + prep (corresponding to)与...对应的；与...相连的A tenant's right to privacy is correlative to the landlord's responsibility not to enter their property without notice.correspond to [sth] vi + prep (conform)与…符合；与…一致Make sure that the items in the box correspond to the invoice.correspond to [sth] vi + prep (be equivalent to)相当于；与…相类似A bird's wings correspond to the front legs of other animals.correspond with [sth] vi + prep (conform)与…一致；与…相符Her clothes don't correspond with the regulations.corroborate [sth] vtr (confirm, back up)证实；确认；支持The witness corroborated the suspect's story.corrode [sth] vtr (eat away, destroy)侵蚀，腐蚀The salt that coats the roads in winter has corroded my car.corrode [sth] vtr figurative (destroy, corrupt) (比喻)破坏, 毁坏, 侵蚀Years of abusive treatment corroded Callie's mental state.corrugate [sth] vtr (fold in a zigzag pattern)使起褶皱；弄皱corrupt [sth] vtr (hard drive, data: make faulty) (电子资料、程序等)损坏；破坏A virus has corrupted the data and now it's useless.病毒损害了数据，导致数据作废了。cosign [sth], co-sign [sth] vtr (sign jointly)共同署名；联合签署cosign [sth], co-sign [sth] vtr (sign as a guarantor)联署保证...cosign [sth], co-sign [sth] vtr (mark with two signs)联合署名...cost [sth] vtr (have a price of)要价；价格This book costs ten dollars.这本书的要价是十块钱。这条裙子花了我50美金。cost [sb] [sth] vtr (be sold to [sb] for)成本为；价格为This dress cost me $50.这条裙子花了我50美元。cost [sth] vtr (calculate the cost of)估算…的成本；估算…的费用The accountants need to cost the project plan.cost [sth] vtr (entail a loss)以…为代价；牺牲；损失Drunk driving costs many lives.cote [sth/sb] vtr archaic (pass by)超过，优于couch [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep (phrase in certain way)用…表达；用…表述I couched my proposal in flattering terms.我用很华丽得辞藻表达了自己的提议。could do with [sth] v expr informal (would benefit from)倒不如...The film could do with being an hour shorter.could do with [sth] v expr informal ([sb]: would like)想要I could do with a cup of tea. Would you mind making one?couldn't care less about [sth], could not care less about [sth] v expr informal (feel completely apathetic towards)对…丝毫不感兴趣；毫不在意；不喜欢I couldn't care less about the tabloid headlines.counsel [sth] vtr formal (advise doing)建议...；主张...The philosopher counseled acceptance of suffering.那位哲学家建议人们接受痛苦。count [sth] vtr (enumerate)计算；计数She counted the candies.她数了数糖果的数目。count [sth] up, count up [sth] vi + adv (add, total)算出…的总数The teacher counted up the scripts she had collected at the end of the exam.老师算出了自己在考试结束后收到的试卷总数。count [sth] vtr (include)包括；把…算入It's an eight-hour drive, not counting any stops.count [sth/sb] vtr (consider)看作；认为I count you among my best friends.count up to [sth], count to [sth] v expr (recite numbers)合计；数到I can count up to ten in Chinese.countenance [sth] vtr (allow, consent to)同意；赞成The president refused to countenance the use of combat.counter [sth] vtr (move in opposition to)对抗；反制The manager found a way of countering the other team's tactics.经理找到了一个方法，反制另一个团队的计谋。counter [sth] with [sth] vtr (move in opposition to)以…还击He countered his opponent's move with a swift blow.他以一记快击来还击对手的动作。counter to [sth] prep (in opposition to)与…相反That idea runs counter to popular wisdom about how to grow tomatoes.counteract [sth] vtr (oppose)对抗；抵消The drug counteracts the symptoms, but doesn't cure the condition.counterattack [sth] vtr (military: retaliate against [sth])反攻..., 反击...The navy counterattacked the enemy forces.counterbalance [sth] vtr (offset, compensate for)抵消；与…抗衡以维持平衡Her immense talent counterbalanced her lack of organizational skills.countercheck [sth], counter-check [sth] vtr (restrain or counteract)对抗；抵抗；反制countercheck [sth], counter-check [sth] vtr (double-check)复查counterfeit [sth] vtr (produce illegal copies)伪造；仿造Mary saved their lives by counterfeiting passports so they could escape. It is difficult to design an identity card that can't be counterfeited.玛丽为他们伪造了护照，让他们得以逃走，救了他们的命。要设计一种无法被伪造的身份证很难。countermand [sth] vtr (overrule, cancel out)取消；收回；撤消counterpoise [sb/sth] vtr (oppose, balance out)平衡...countersign [sth] vtr (to confirm another signature)副署；连署Don't sign the form until you have someone to countersign.countersink [sth] vtr (setting a screw, nail)打埋头孔；装暗钉countervail [sth] vtr (act against [sth])对抗, 抵抗；抵消counterweight [sth] vtr (balance out)平衡If you don't counterweight the scale properly, it will be off balance.counterweight [sth] with [sth] vtr (balance out)用...平衡Try to counterweight the apples with some oranges.counterweight [sth] vtr figurative (provide a balance with)平衡Her book is an attempt to counterweight government propaganda on the subject of education.counterweight [sth] by doing [sth] vtr figurative (provide a balance with)通过做某事平衡We counterweighted the negative aspects of the deal by offering plenty of freebies.a couple of [sth] n (two of [sth]) (量词)一对，两个，一双I'm going to buy a couple of apples.我要去买两个苹果。couple [sth] to [sth] vtr (train carriages: link) (火车车厢)将...与...连接They coupled a new engine to the train.a couple [sth] n US, informal (a few of [sth])几个；两三个；若干个I was hungry so I made myself a couple sandwiches我肚子饿了，所以给自己做了几个三明治。a couple of [sth] n informal (a few of [sth])几个；两三个；一些A couple of days ago, I saw your brother at the supermarket.几天前，我在超市看到了你哥哥。coupled with [sth] prep (in combination)与…并提；与…联系在一起The bad weather, coupled with increased fuel prices, was devastating to farmers.courier [sth] vtr (deliver)递送；快递Our client needed the drawings immediately, so we had couriered them to his office.我们的客户立刻需要那些画，所以我们通过快递寄到他办公室里去了。courier [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep (deliver [sth] to [sb/sth])把...递送给...；把...快递给...If you need a signed copy right away, our company will courier it to you.如果你立马需要一份签名副本，我们公司可把副本快递给你。course through [sth], course in [sth] vi + prep (water, blood: move quickly)奔流于；在…中奔流The water coursed through the canals.Terrified, Neil could feel the blood coursing in his veins.河水在运河中奔流。// 尼尔吓得魂飞魄散，都能感觉到血管中血液的奔流。course down [sth] vi + prep (liquids: flow down)沿着…流下Tears were coursing down the cheeks of the mourners as they stood at the graveside.The waterfall coursed down the rocks into the pool below.哀悼者伫立在坟墓一旁，任凭泪水沿着脸颊流下。// 瀑布沿着岩壁飞流而下，汇进下方的水池。course, course [sth] vtr (traverse)快速穿过He coursed the wide plains, thinking of home.course [sth] vtr (chase, hunt)打猎；追猎The hunters coursed the hare with their dogs.court [sth] vtr (risk: danger, disaster)招致；导致The government courted disaster by not preparing for hurricanes.政府对龙卷风疏于防范，才招致了这场灾难。court [sth] vtr (try to achieve [sth])尝试获得；追求；追逐She courted fame by trying to act.她想通过表演出名。court [sth] vtr (seek: favour)争取（好感）The government courted the favour of religious groups.政府争取博得宗教组织的好感。courtesy of [sb/sth] prep (provided by)由…提供The posters are courtesy of the Minister for Tourism.covenant [sth] vtr formal (promise: in a contract)订立合同以保证；立约保证The two parties covenanted a sum to be paid by the customer in the event of the contract being cancelled before the work was completed.双方立约保证，如果工作完成前合同取消，客户需要支付一定金额的款。covenant to do [sth] vtr formal (promise: in a contract)签下合约保证做到The Employer covenants to pay the Contractor the stipulated sum.雇主签下合约，保证按规定金额支付承包商。cover [sth/sb] vtr (hide, protect [sth], [sb])盖住；遮住；保护Cover your body so you don't feel the cold air.盖住身体，这样你就不会感觉到冷了。cover [sth/sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (conceal, protect [sth], [sb])用…覆盖；用…遮盖When we painted the ceiling we covered the furniture with old sheets.当粉刷天花板时，我们用旧床单盖住家具。cover [sth] vtr (extend over [sth])覆盖，遮盖，盖The tablecloth covered the entire table.桌布盖住了整张桌子。cover [sth] vtr figurative (include [sth]) (比喻)包括；包含；涵盖Does the cost of this ticket cover government fees, too?这张票的票价里是否也包括了政府收费？cover [sth] vtr figurative (pay for [sth] entirely)足够支付Does twenty dollars cover all the expenses?二十美元是否足够支付所有费用？cover [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep figurative (lavish with praise, etc.)给予…大量（赞扬等）Critics covered the writer with praise after the publication of his first novel.这位作家的首部小说出版之后，评论家们对他大加赞赏。cover [sth] vtr (spread over)覆盖；四处蔓延The oil soon covered the entire lake.cover [sth] vtr (deal with)处理；应付Can you cover these tasks for me?cover [sth] vtr (insurance)为…提供保险； (保险)覆盖；承保This insurance policy covers car accidents.cover [sth] vtr (travel)旅行完；走完We covered all of South America on the last trip.cover [sth] vtr (journalist: report)报道She covered the White House for the newspaper for two years.cover [sth] vtr (perform version of a song)翻唱The band covered an old Dylan classic in their concert.cover [sth] vtr (gambling) (赌博)支付得起Do you have enough money to cover the bet?covered in [sth] adj + prep (coated)沾满…的My children came home covered in mud from head to toe after the school outing.参加学校出游后，我的孩子们从头到脚沾满泥巴，回到家来。covered with [sth] adj + prep (with [sth] overlaid)以…遮盖；用…盖住Fields covered with snow stretched into the distance.我在粉刷天花板之前，确保以罩布盖住了钢琴。covered by [sth] adj (having [sth] overlaid)被…盖住；被…遮盖The burials took place in an area now covered by housing.安葬地点现在已经成了住宅区。covered in [sth] adj + prep (having [sth] all over)满是；布满The coal miners emerged one by one, their faces covered in soot.煤矿工人们一个接一个地出现，他们的脸满是煤烟。covet [sth] vtr (envy: [sb] else's property)嫉妒，觊觎The Bible tells us not to covet other people's possessions.covet [sth] vtr (long for, desire)贪图；渴望得到He covets wealth and power above everything else.coy about [sth] adj + prep (evasive)不肯表态的；含糊其辞的；遮遮掩掩Jennine stopped dyeing her hair and being coy about her age.The senator remained coy about his plans to run for governor.珍妮不再染发，也不再对自己的年龄遮遮掩掩。那位参议员对自己参选州长的事含糊其辞。cozen [sth] vtr (obtain by deception)骗得；骗取crab about [sth] vi + prep informal (complain about)抱怨；埋怨You don't make the weather any better by crabbing about it.crab [sth] vtr (move [sth] sideways) (影视设备)向一侧挪动A camera crane operator knows how to crab the camera alongside an actor.crack [sth] vtr (break, split)使裂开，使破裂；砸开，砸破Jenny cracked her head on the table as she fell.珍妮摔倒时，桌子把她的头撞破了。crack [sth] vtr (damage, leaving lines)使裂开；使出现裂缝I've cracked my car's windscreen.我把车子的挡风玻璃撞裂了。crack [sth] vtr informal (say, utter: joke) (玩笑)开, 说Johanna wanted to have a serious discussion, but Jim kept cracking jokes.crack [sth] vtr (flick: whip) (鞭子)把...甩得噼啪响The coachman cracked the whip, and the horses went faster.车把式将鞭子甩得噼啪响，马儿们跑得更快了。crack [sth] vtr (chemistry: break down hydrocarbons) (碳氢化合物)使...裂化High temperatures are needed to crack hydrocarbon molecules.crack [sth] open vtr + adj (break apart, split)敲破, 砸开He cracked open a brazil nut and discarded the shell.crack [sth] open vtr + adj informal (open in celebration) (非正式用语，用于庆祝的)砰地一声打开Let's crack open this bottle and get the party started.crack [sth] open vtr + adj informal (window, door: open slightly) (非正式用语，门、窗等)打开一条缝，打开一点点John cracked the door open and looked into his sister's bedroom.约翰打开了一条门缝，向她妹妹的卧室中望去。cradle [sb/sth] vtr (hold, coddle)轻轻抱着；怀抱The little girl cradled the kitten in her arms.小女孩怀抱着那只小猫咪。the cradle of [sth] n figurative (place of origin)发源地；源头Ancient Mesopotamia is considered the cradle of civilization.cradle [sb/sth] vtr figurative (hold, contain)怀抱；环绕High mountains cradle the valley on all sides.cradle [sth] vtr (phone: hold)托着；架着The detective cradled the phone between his ear and shoulder and dialed again.craft [sth] vtr (create, make)精心制作；手工制作Joe crafted a surfboard from a wooden plank.craft [sth] vtr (story, etc.: write)创作；写作The author has crafted a suspenseful story.作者创作了一个悬念迭起的故事。cram [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (fit [sth] into small space) (空间)把…塞进，把…塞满I tried to cram all my clothes into one suitcase, but then I couldn't shut it.我想把所有衣服都塞进一个提箱里，但箱子合不上。cram [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep figurative (fit [sth] into limited time) (时间)把...塞进，把...塞满We crammed a lot of sightseeing into our three days in Paris.我们在巴黎三日游中塞满了各类观光游览。cram [sth] in, cram in [sth] vtr + adv informal (fit in: a large amount)勉强塞入；将…挤进去；把…塞进去I was able to cram in another few hours of work before I had to leave. Martin's stomach was full, but he managed to cram in another cookie.马丁已经吃饱了，不过他还是勉强又吃了一块饼干。在我离开前，我还勉强挤出了几小时工作时间。cram [sth] in, cram in [sth] vtr + adv figurative (fit [sth] into limited time) (有限时间内)把…塞进，塞进I only had a four-hour stopover in Tokyo, but I managed to cram a lot in.虽然我在东京只停留四个小时，但是在此期间我还是加进了许多活动。cram for [sth] vi + prep informal (revise for exam)临时抱佛脚为…做准备；临时死记硬背以应付Dan stayed up all night cramming for the final exam and then slept right through it!丹整夜没睡临时死记硬背以应付期末考试，却在整场考试里睡着了！cram-full of [sth/sb], cram-full with [sth/sb] adj + prep (packed with [sth/sb])挤满...的, 塞满...的The 8 a.m. train was cram-full of commuters.cramp [sth] vtr figurative (restrict, hinder [sth])约束；束缚This author believes that government regulations cramp innovation.crane [sth] vtr (neck: stretch)伸长（脖子）Daisy had to crane her neck to see the parade in the distance.黛西得伸长了脖子，才能看到远处的游行。crane [sth] vtr (move: by crane)用起重机吊送They built the section elsewhere and craned it into position.crank [sth] vtr (handle: rotate)用曲柄转动You power this flashlight by cranking the handle.你可以用曲柄转动给手电筒充电。crank [sth] vtr (engine: start)用曲柄启动；用曲柄开动Come on, crank the engine and let's go.快点用曲柄发动引擎，赶紧走吧。crash into [sb/sth] vi + prep (collide violently)撞上；撞到A drunk driver crashed into the side of the house. The skier crashed into the other skier.滑雪选手撞上了另外一位滑雪选手。醉驾司机驾车撞到了房子的一侧。crash [sth] vtr (vehicle: cause to collide)让...撞上Roger crashed his bike and had to retire from the race.罗杰撞坏了自己的单车，不得不退出比赛。crash [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (vehicle: cause to collide with [sth])使…撞到；使…撞上He crashed his car into a tree.他开车撞到了一棵树。crash [sth] vtr (knock violently)撞；碰撞They crashed their heads together.crash [sth] vtr (break, smash [sth])摔毁；打碎He crashed the vase against the wall.crash [sth] vtr slang (enter uninvited) (俚语)不请自来That guy wasn't invited. He just crashed the party.crash against [sth] vi + prep (hit hard)猛撞，猛击Waves crashed against the shore.波涛猛力拍打着海岸。crash out of [sth] v expr (competition: lose) (比赛)输掉…It was a surprise to everyone when the favorites crashed out of the World Cup in the first round.crash-land [sth] vtr (aircraft: land in an emergency)使…紧急降落crate [sth] vtr (encase)把…装入板条箱（柳条箱等）中；把...装箱They carefully crated the ancient statue and shipped it to a museum.他们小心地把那个古代塑像装箱，送去博物馆。crave [sth] vtr (desire)渴望得到；迫切地想得到The school food wasn't bad, but Kevin craved his mother's cooking.学校的伙食并不差，但凯文还是非常想念他母亲做的饭。crave for [sth], crave after [sth] vi + prep (desire, long for)渴望得到After years in an office job, Erika found herself craving after an opportunity to work outdoors.craving for [sth] n (desire for [sth]) (对某物的)渴望；热望The holy man urges us to master our cravings for power and money.那位圣人倡导我们控制自己对权力和金钱的渴望。crawling with [sth/sb] adj + prep figurative (very crowded with)挤满了…的；遍布…的In summer, the city centre is crawling with tourists.crayon [sth] vtr (draw or write in crayon)用蜡笔画The child quickly crayoned a picture of a duck.crazy about [sth], crazy for [sth] adj + prep slang (enthusiastic)对（某物）迷恋的；对（某物）非常喜爱的My youngest boy's just crazy about basketball.我的小儿子十分热衷于篮球。cream [sth] vtr (whip to thicken)把…搅成奶油状To make this cake, you first have to cream the butter and sugar together.cream [sth] vtr (apply lotion)涂抹护肤霜于She always creamed her arms and legs after a bath.crease [sth] vtr (fold, wrinkle)弄皱；压褶Don't crease the photograph; hold it flat.把照片铺平，不要弄皱了。create [sth] vtr (originate, make)创造；创作My sister creates art.我妹妹搞艺术创作。create [sth] vtr (cause)引起；造成Does that create a problem for you?那会给你造成麻烦吗？create [sth] vtr formal, often passive (name, appoint) (正式用语)任命；委派She was created an admiral.她被任命为海军上校。create [sth] vtr (theatre: first perform a role) (角色等)第一次饰演Robert de Niro created the character of Travis Bickle in Taxi Driver.credit [sth] vtr (finance: pay in) (金融)记入贷方The bank credited fifty dollars to my account.银行把50美元记入我账户的贷方。credit [sth] to [sb] vtr (attribute: [sth] to [sb])将某事归功于某人She credits her creativity to her mother, a renowned painter.她母亲是一位出名的画家，她将自己的创造力归功于母亲。credit [sth] vtr (believe in)相信；信任I don't credit anything that politician says.crenelate [sth], crenellate [sth] vtr (provide with battlements, indent)给城墙堆城垛；在城墙上建雉堞备注: Both spellings are correct in US and UK English. However, the single "l" spelling is the most common in the US and rare in the UK, and the double "l" spelling is the most common in the UK and less common in the US.crest [sth] vtr (reach highest point of [sth])达到…的顶部；达到…的顶点The surfer crested the wave and coasted back to shore.crew [sth] vtr (serve on: a vessel) (船)充当…的船员； (飞机)充当…的空乘人员，担任…的机组成员That yacht is crewed by professional sailors.那艘游艇由专业水手充当船员。crib from [sb/sth] vi + prep UK, informal (cheat in an exam)抄袭I failed the test because Jill wouldn't let me crib from her.因为吉尔不让我抄袭她的答案，所以我没及格。crib [sth] vtr (cheat by copying in an exam) (考试中)抄袭，作弊Stephen cribbed all his exam answers from me.史蒂芬的考试答案全是抄袭我的。criminalize [sth], also UK: criminalise [sth] vtr (make [sth] illegal)判定（某事）为非法；将…定为犯罪行为crimp [sth] vtr (hair: make wavy) (头发)烫；卷Do women still crimp their hair or is that old-fashioned?crimp [sth] vtr (metal: corrugate) (钢板等)使…卷边Crimp one edge of the sheet and fold over to make a tube.crimp [sth] vtr (cookery: pinch together) (烹饪)把…捏紧Crimp the edges of the pastry together.crimp [sth] vtr US, informal (affect adversely)阻碍Unexpectedly losing my job crimped my plans for vacation.；cripple [sth] vtr figurative (machine, process)损坏；使…陷于瘫痪High water crippled the trucks trying to bring supplies.河流涨潮，损坏了运送补给的卡车。cripple [sth] vtr figurative (plan, efforts)严重削弱The town was badly crippled when the factory closed down.工厂停工，严重削弱了这个小镇。crisp [sth] vtr (make brittle)使变脆When you have crisped the chicken, take it off the stove.crisscross [sth] (US), criss-cross [sth] (UK) vtr (go back and forth across)来回走动的；来回穿梭的；前后交叉的Tire tracks crisscrossed the front yard.前院中的轮胎印前后交叉。crisscross [sth] (US), criss-cross [sth] (UK) vtr (travel back and forth across)游历The player crisscrossed the field, avoiding the opponent and ultimately scoring the winning goal.crisscross [sth] (US), criss-cross [sth] (UK) vtr figurative (travel all over)周游；巡游The author crisscrossed the country doing book signings.criticize [sth], also UK: criticise [sth] vtr (find fault in [sth])挑剔If you criticize their efforts, try to find something positive too.如果你挑剔他们的工作，也要试试寻找积极的方面。criticize [sth], also UK: criticise [sth] vtr (literature: analyze, review)评论；评价；分析In an academic journal article, the professor criticized the new book about the Russian Empire.在一篇学术期刊文章中，教授分析了关于俄罗斯帝国的新书。critique [sth] vtr (review, analyze)对…进行评论；评判We're looking for someone to critique the building proposal.croak [sth] vtr figurative (say hoarsely)用刺耳的声音说"I don't understand," the woman croaked.crochet [sth] vtr (make using a crochet hook)用钩针编织Adriene crocheted a hat for her niece.crock [sth/sb] vtr UK, slang (disable)弄坏；弄伤I crocked my knee in the match against our rivals.crook [sth] vtr (bend)弯曲Holmes crooked his finger and motioned to me to follow him.福尔摩斯弯了弯手指，示意我跟着他。crook [sb] out of [sth] v expr slang (obtain from [sb] by swindling)从…手中骗走…；把…从…手中骗走The conman who knocked on my grandad's door managed to crook him out of his life savings.crop [sth] vtr (cut off parts of a plant)修剪The gardener cropped the hedges neatly.crop [sth] vtr (remove, trim)裁；切The photographer cropped the photo so it would fit in the frame.crop [sth] vtr (cut hair close to the scalp) (发型)理成平头； (头发)理平The barber cropped the man's hair.cross [sth] vtr (go across)穿过；横跨He crossed the street when the traffic stopped.车流停下后，他穿过街道。cross [sth] vtr (go over: a line, border)跨过；越过When overtaking, do not cross the solid white line in the centre of the road.超车的时候，不能越过道路中间的白色实线。cross [sth] vtr (intersect, meet)交叉；相交It is at the intersection where Addison Street crosses Sheridan Road.那是在爱迪生街与谢丽丹路的交汇处。cross [sth] vtr (overlay: lines, sticks)画横线于；在...上画横线Cross the vertical line with a horizontal one to write the letter "t".写字母“t”时，在竖线上画一横。cross [sth] vtr (overlay: body parts)使（双腿）交叉；跷二郎腿，跷腿It's comfortable to cross your legs when you sit.在坐着的时候跷二郎腿很舒服。cross [sth] vtr (counter, frustrate)挫败；打击His plans crossed those of his enemy.cross [sth] vtr UK (cheque: marked for deposit) (表示无法提取现金)在...划上两条平行线It's best to cross the cheque because this prevents anyone else from cashing it.cross [sth], cross [sth] and [sth], cross [sth] with [sth] vtr (hybridize)杂交The biologist was trying to cross a rose and a lily.cross [sth] vtr (soccer: pass) (足球)传出The player crossed the ball to his teammate.cross-reference [sth] vtr (refer back to: a text) (文本)交叉引用cross-reference [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (refer between: texts) (文本)交叉引用cross the threshold of [sth] v expr figurative (go beyond a point)超越...的界限cross [sb]'s/[sth] path, cross the path of [sb/sth] v expr (encounter)与...相遇；遇见；与...不期而遇cross-check [sth], crosscheck [sth] vtr (verify by comparing)反复核对，再次确认cross-license [sth] vtr (mutually give permission to use)相互特许，交叉许可cross-pollinate [sth] vtr (use pollen from another plant)为…异花授粉cross-refer [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (refer to [sth] by a cross-reference)前后参照；相互参照In the dictionary, the entry for "went" cross-refers to "go" because the two words are related.cross-stitch [sth] vtr (sew a design) (设计)以十字形针迹缝制…cross-stitch [sth] vtr (embroider an item) (刺绣)以十字形针迹缝制…Josie cross-stitched a cushion for her living room.crosscut [sth] (US), cross-cut [sth] (UK) vtr (cut or move across)横切；横穿；横越crosscut [sth] (US), cross-cut [sth] (UK) vtr (film: interweave two scenes)（影片中）两个同时发生的场景交替出现；交叉剪接crosscut [sth] with [sth] (US), cross-cut [sth] with [sth] (UK) vtr (film: interweave two scenes)把...和...交叉剪辑crosshatch [sth] vtr (shade using criss-crossing lines)用交叉线给...画阴影crow about [sth], crow over [sth] vi + prep figurative, informal (brag about)吹嘘；自夸Steve is crowing about his perfect test score.史蒂夫正在吹嘘自己完美的考试成绩。crowbar [sth] vtr (open with a crowbar)用撬棍撬The police had to crowbar the door to get in.crowbar [sth] vtr figurative (introduce forcibly) (观点、意见等)强行引入，有气势地提出Max always crowbars his political views, no matter what the topic of conversation is.crowbar [sth] in vtr figurative (introduce forcibly) (观点、意见等)强行引入，有气势地提出Jack always manages to crowbar his opinions on religion in.crowbar [sth] into [sth] vtr figurative (introduce forcibly) (观点、意见等)强行把…引入，有气势地在…中提出He always crowbars the topic of the Second World War into every conversation.crowd of [sth] n figurative (items) (比喻)一群，一堆，一批A crowd of boxes blocked the path.一堆箱子堵住了路。crowd [sb/sth] vtr (push, press forward)向...挤过去；向前推The fans crowded the celebrity in their eagerness to get close to her.粉丝们热切地想要接近自己的明星，向前挤了过去。crowd [sth] vtr (fill to overflowing)塞满；装满That biscuit tin is too crowded - take a few out.饼干桶装得太满了，拿几块出来吧。crowd [sth] vtr (baseball) (棒球)紧紧靠着（本垒板）站立The batter crowded the plate in anticipation of the first pitch.击球员紧紧靠着本垒板站立，等着接第一个球。crowded with [sth/sb] adj + prep (full of [sth/sb])充满着；挤满着On New Year's Eve, the town square was crowded with people.新年夜，市镇广场上挤满了人。crowdfund [sth] vtr (finance [sth] collectively)众筹crowdsource [sth] vtr (appeal for [sth] on internet)众包crown [sth] vtr figurative (be on top of)形成…的顶部；给…加顶；覆盖…的顶部A gilded dome crowns the courthouse.crown [sth] vtr (dentist: cap a tooth) (牙齿)给...镶假齿冠After finishing the root canal operation, the dentist crowned the tooth.crown [sb] [sth] vtr figurative (award championship title to)为...授（冠军头衔）Anna spelled the last difficult word and the teacher crowned her 'Spelling Champion'.crown [sb] [sth] vtr often passive (appoint king, queen)给...加冕为...；使...成为君主Elizabeth Tudor was crowned Queen Elizabeth in 1559.crucify [sth] vtr (put to death on a cross)将…钉死在十字架上The king said that anyone who broke the law would be crucified.crucify [sth/sb] vtr figurative (criticize harshly) (比喻)诋毁, 苛责The play closed shortly after the famous theatre critic crucified it in the newspaper.cruise past [sth/sb] vi + prep (pass by)驶过；游过I motioned to the taxi driver to stop, but he cruised past me.cruise [sth] vtr (travel by boat)乘船游览；搭船在…旅行Spring is a good time to cruise the Mediterranean.crumble [sth] vtr (break apart)弄碎；捏碎Molly crumbled the bread with her fingers.crumple [sth] vtr (crease, crush: fabric, paper, etc.)使起皱；把…弄皱The baby crumpled the edge of her shirt in her hand.crunch [sth] vtr (bite loudly)嘎吱嘎吱地吃I hear someone crunching potato chips on the other side of room.我听到房间那边有人在嘎吱嘎吱地吃薯片。crunch on [sth] vi + prep (eat with loud bites)嘎吱嘎吱咬；嘎吱嘎吱地吃The boy was crunching on a juicy red apple.那个男孩正嘎吱嘎吱地吃着一个多汁的红苹果。crunch [sth] vtr (break noisily)压碎；碾碎；捏碎Jane picked up some dry leaves and crunched them in her hand.简捡起几片干枯的树叶，用手捏碎了。crusade for [sth] vi + prep figurative (campaign)进行支持...的活动；进行捍卫…的运动；提倡，倡导；宣扬The animal rights group is crusading for better conditions in animal shelters.那个动物权益保护小组正四处宣扬，为动物收容所争取更好的条件。crusade against [sth] vi + prep figurative (campaign against, oppose)与...斗争，讨伐...She's always crusading against injustice, wherever she finds it.crush [sth] vtr (press with destructive force)用力压；碾压He crushed the nut to break it into many pieces.ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 他用力把核桃压成碎片。crush [sth] vtr (pound into small particles or powder)把…捣碎；把…碾成粉The chef crushed the cinnamon sticks into a powder.厨师将肉桂棒碾成了粉。crush [sth] vtr (ice: break into tiny pieces)使（冰）碎成块；弄碎（冰）Crush the ice in a blender.在搅拌机里把冰弄碎。crush [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (extract liquid)榨...的...；将...的...榨出来They crushed the juice from an orange to make a drink.他们榨出橙汁饮用。crush [sth] vtr (crumple, make smaller)压扁；碾扁She crushed the can with her foot. Being packed in a suitcase has completely crushed my clothes; I need to iron them all now!她踩扁了罐头。我的衣服都被行李箱压坏了，需要全部重新熨！crush [sth] vtr figurative (defeat thoroughly)击溃；大败Our army completely crushed the enemy.The away team crushed the home players, beating them 33 to 12.我方部队彻底击溃敌军。// 客场球队大败主场球队，以33比12的分数结束比赛。crush [sth] out, crush out [sth] vtr + adv (extinguish: cigarette, flame)熄灭；扑灭cry about [sth/sb] vi + prep (shed tears for)因为…而流泪The little boy was crying about being punished. What on earth are you crying about?小男孩因为受罚而流泪。你到底为什么哭？cry about [sth/sb], cry over [sth/sb] vi + prep figurative (mourn, lament)为…难过；为…感到惋惜There is no point in crying about a situation you cannot change.没必要为你无法改变的现状难过。cry [sth] vtr (weep: tears)流（泪）The tears that she cried flowed down her face.cry for [sb/sth] vi + prep (shed tears for)为…流泪；为…哭泣Please don't cry for me.cry for [sth/sb] vi + prep (call aloud for)哭喊着要；大声要求；大声呼叫The little boy cried for his mum when she left the room.She cried for help.cry wolf on [sth] vtr + n figurative (false alarm)谎报...险情Some people believe the experts are crying wolf on climate change.crystallize [sth], also UK: crystallise [sth] vtr (turn [sth] into crystals)使结晶Time and oxidation will crystallize the substance.crystallize [sth], also UK: crystallise [sth] vtr figurative (define, make concrete) (比喻，观点、意见、计划等)使具体化，使成形Let's crystallize the plans soon so we can start packing our bags.cube [sth] vtr (cookery: cut into cubes)把…切成丁Cube the carrots and add them to the stew.cube [sth] vtr (mathematics: raise to 3rd power) (数学)求…的立方Three cubed is 27.cuddle [sb/sth] vtr (hug)抱住，搂住The mother panda is cuddling her baby.熊猫妈妈正搂着自己的宝宝。；the cue for [sb] to do [sth] n (signal, prompt to action)提示某人做某事的信号When the hostess yawns, that is the cue for her guests to leave.当女主人打哈欠时，那就是提示客人离开的信号。cue [sth] vtr (stage lights, music: prepare) (舞美灯光、音乐等)准备，预备Cue the lights! The play is about to begin.灯光预备！戏剧马上开演。cull [sth] vtr (animals: kill to reduce population) (为减少某种动物种类而)部分捕杀，部分屠杀Rangers will cull the herd to try to eliminate the disease.cull [sth] vtr usu passive (choose)挑选，拣选；挑出，拣出We're relying on testimony culled from various sources.culminate in [sth] vi + prep (end)以...结束；以...完结The Pope's visit will culminate in a cathedral mass.culminate [sth] vtr formal (mark the end)在...中到达高潮The chairman's riveting speech culminated the conference.cultivate [sth] vtr (grow: plants)栽种；培植；种植It takes a lot of patience to cultivate grapefruit.cultivate [sth] vtr figurative (develop) (比喻)培养；结交；建立Try to cultivate an attitude of detachment.culture [sth] vtr (biology) (细菌等)培养The biologist cultured the bacteria in a Petri dish.culture [sth] vtr (cultivate, farm)培育；栽培；种植We cultured the seedlings in a greenhouse.我们在暖房里育苗。cumber [sth/sb] vtr rare (encumber) (罕见用法)妨碍, 拖累cup [sth] vtr (form cup shape: with hands)把双手合拢做杯状He cupped his hands to catch and drink water from the fountain.他把双手合拢成杯状从饮水处接水喝。cup [sth] vtr (hold in cupped hands)把双手合拢做杯状托住She cupped the injured bird delicately in both hands.她小心翼翼地将手合拢托住那只受伤的小鸟。curate [sth] vtr (be curator of: museum, etc.)做...的馆长Winston curates the medieval art collection at the city art museum.curate [sth] vtr (select and present information)整理信息；组织信息curb, curb on [sth] n often plural (restriction)限制；约束The government put a curb on how much bankers can receive in bonuses.政府设置了银行从业人员能收到的奖金上限。curb [sth] vtr (limit, restrict)控制，抑制，约束The nation's new economic policy is supposed to curb inflation.该国的新经济政策应该能抑制通货膨胀。curdle [sth] vtr (turn into curd)使凝结Try not to curdle the milk when you heat it.cure [sb], cure [sb] of [sth] vtr (heal of an illness)治疗...的...；治愈...的...How long did it take to cure you of that disease?治愈你的疾病花了多长时间？cure [sth] vtr (illness: make better)治疗（疾病）；治愈（疾病）You can't cure cancer by diet alone.光靠饮食是不能治愈癌症的。cure [sth] vtr (food: preserve) (对食物的)对…进行防腐处理This ham is cured, not cooked.火腿是腌过的，并没有做熟。cure [sth] vtr often passive (concrete: harden)变硬；硬化Once poured, the concrete needs to be cured.水泥浇上后要等待硬化。cure [sth] vtr (rubber: vulcanize) (橡胶)使…硫化The rubber is heated to 160°C in order to cure it.cure [sth] vtr (plastic: harden) (塑料)使…硬化Treating the plastic with ultraviolet light cures it.cure yourself of [sth] v expr (get over, rid yourself of)自己摆脱；自行恢复；纠正自己The teacher told the insolent student that he needed to cure himself of his attitude.curious about [sth] adj + prep (interested in [sth])对...感兴趣的；对...有兴趣的Small children are curious about everything.小孩子对所有的事情都感兴趣。curl [sth] vtr (hair: make wavy) (头发)使...变卷Can you curl my hair before I go to the dance?我要去跳舞，你能帮我把头发烫卷吗？curry [sth] vtr (flavor with curry)往…放咖喱；用咖喱给…调味Curry the pumpkin and serve with rice.用咖喱给南瓜调味，配米饭一起吃。currycomb [sth], curry comb vtr (groom with a currycomb)用马梳刷洗curse [sb/sth] vtr (cast an evil spell on)诅咒Witches in fairy tales are always cursing people.童话里的女巫总是喜欢给人下诅咒。curtail [sth] vtr formal (cut short)切短；缩短We curtailed our vacation when the weather changed.因为天气变化，我们缩短了度假时间。curtail [sth] vtr formal (restrict)限制；削减The students' freedoms were curtailed because of their noise.因为学生发出自己的声音，他们的自由受到了限制。curtain of [sth] n figurative (rain, fog, etc.) (比喻，如雨幕)帘，幕Through the curtain of fog, I could just make out the shape of a motorway rescue vehicle.透过雾幕，我依稀能辨出高速路救助车的轮廓。curtains for [sb/sth] expr figurative, informal (death, disastrous end)对…来说就完蛋了；意味着…完蛋了If this gets into the wrong hands, it's curtains for the free world.如果这东西落入坏人手里，就意味着自由世界要完蛋了。cushion [sth] vtr (soften impact)缓冲；减小…的冲击A mattress will cushion the actor's fall.气垫能接住跌下来的演员，起到缓冲作用。cushion [sth] vtr figurative (soften words) (比喻)缓和，委婉表达Jake cushioned his criticism by wording it very carefully.customary to do [sth] expr (normal procedure)按常规该…；惯例是…It is customary to tip 10-15% of the bill at restaurants.餐厅给小费的惯例金额是账单的10-15%。customize [sth], also UK: customise [sth] vtr (product: alter, tailor)订制；订做This shop customizes all the furniture it makes to the buyer's specifications.这个店铺按照买主要求定制所有的家具。cut [sth] vtr (chop, slice [sth])切；割；剪She cut the string and opened the package.她剪断了绳子，打开包装。cut [sth/sb] vtr (slice into [sth/sb])切开The doctor cut the patient to begin his surgery.医生下刀开始病人的手术。cut [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (chop up, slice [sth])把…切成（小块）The mother cut her daughter's dinner into small pieces.母亲把女儿的晚餐切成小块。cut into [sth] vi + prep (slice [sth] with a knife, etc.)切开；割开The surgeon cut into the patient's chest.外科医生切开了病人的胸腔。cut [sth] vtr (hair: trim) (头发)修剪；剪短My hair is getting too long, so I'll need to cut it soon.我的头发太长了，我需要马上去剪一剪。cut [sth] vtr figurative (time, text: reduce) (比喻时间等)减少, 剪短, 缩短We need to cut some time off the length of this speech.我们需要减短这次讲话的时间。cut [sth] vtr figurative (prices: reduce)降低（价格）；削减（价格）The supermarket chain is cutting its prices in order to attract more customers.这家连锁超市为吸引更多顾客正在降价销售。cut into [sth/sb] vi + prep (dig: into skin, etc.)切入；割进The handle of the shopping bag was cutting into his fingers.购物袋的提手割进了他的手指。cut [sth] vtr (flower: snip the stalk of) (花草)剪下…的主茎He cut some flowers to take to his girlfriend.cut [sth] vtr slang, figurative (omit, cease)删掉，停止，打住Please cut the jokes. Just tell us what happened.cut [sth] vtr figurative, informal (turn off, stop)关上, 停止Cut the music. We need to talk for a while.把音乐关了。 我们需要谈一会儿。cut [sth] vtr (intersect)横切The railway line cuts the highway just beyond the town.cut [sth] vtr (shape, sculpt)刻成；塑成The stonemason will cut the granite into stepping stones.cut [sth] vtr (path, swathe: create, make)抄捷径穿过He cut a path through the field of corn with his tractor.cut to [sth] vi + prep (cinema: make abrupt transition) (电影)切换至It showed the scene of the child playing and then cut to the war scene.cut [sth] vtr (cards, pack: divide) (牌类等)切, 切分Do you want to cut the deck, or should I just deal now?cut [sth] vtr (golf: slice) (高尔夫球术语)斜击, 削（球）If you cut the ball, it will go into the trees.cut [sth] vtr slang, figurative (cope)对付，应付If you can't cut the pressure, just go away before we begin to work.cut [sth] vtr US, slang, figurative (skip)逃过, 跳过The student cut class on Tuesday to go to the lake.cut [sth] vtr (alcohol, drug: dilute) (液体)稀释；冲淡Some bartenders cut the vodka with water.cut [sth] vtr (animal: castrate) (指对动物)阉割We need to cut those calves before next week.cut [sth] vtr (whip: crack)鞭打The lion tamer cut the whip with a loud crack.cut into [sth] vi + prep figurative (detract from)减损This recession is really cutting into my luxury lifestyle!这次经济衰退真的影响了我奢华的生活！cut into [sth] vi + prep (conversation: interrupt)切入（谈话）Roger apologized for cutting into our conversation, but said that he had some urgent news.罗杰为打断我们的谈话道歉，但他说有紧急消息。cut [sth] vtr (music track, album: record) (专辑、唱片)制作cut [sth] vtr (key: make a copy) (钥匙)复制cut [sth/sb] vtr (reduce quantity of [sth/sb])缩减；削减cut a swathe through [sth], cut a swath through [sth] v expr (make a path through)刈出一条路来cut along [sth] vi + prep (sever along a line, edge, etc.)沿...剪开；顺...切开cut [sth] along [sth] vtr + prep (sever [sth] along a line, edge, etc.)比照...将...切开；照着...将...剪开cut and paste [sth] v expr (move: text on screen) (计算机)剪贴To cut and paste text, first highlight the text you wish to move.cut and paste [sth] into [sth] v expr (move: text on screen)把...剪贴到...上You can cut and paste internet images into the word processing document.the cut and thrust of [sth] n figurative (lively competition)激战；激烈的竞争cut [sth] apart vtr + adv (separate, divide)分割；切开；砍开cut [sth] away vtr + adv (remove: with blade)切掉；砍掉备注: The single-word form is used when the term is a noun.To repair the table I had to cut away the damaged veneer and replace it with a matching new piece.cut [sth] down, cut down [sth] vtr + adv (tree: fell) (树)砍倒It's a pity that they cut down that old tree.很遗憾他们砍倒了那棵树。cut [sb/sth] down to size expr (criticize, find faults)揭穿...的底细；挫挫…的傲气Rick was cocky at first, but his new teammates cut him down to size.cut [sb] in for [sth] vtr + adv (give [sb] a share)分一杯羹给After she won the money, she said she would cut me in for some of it.她赢得奖金后说她会分一杯羹给我。cut [sth] in two vtr (slice into two parts)分成两半；切成两块；劈开The magician appeared to cut his beautiful assistant in two.cut [sth] off vtr + adv (remove using a blade)锯掉；砍掉；割掉His leg was so badly damaged, the doctors had to cut it off.他的腿损毁严重，医生不得不将其锯掉。cut [sth] off at the knees v expr figurative, often passive, informal (thwart, cause to fail)断送...的未来cut [sth/sb] open vtr + adj (body: dissect)切开The surgeon cut the patient's chest open.be cut out for [sth] v expr informal, figurative (person: able, suited) (非正式用语)天生就适合的，适合于…的，非常适合的When he got caught the second time, he decided he wasn't cut out for a life of crime.被捉住两次后，他决定自己不适合犯罪生涯。be cut out for doing [sth] v expr informal, figurative (person: able, suited) (非正式用语)是...的料，有...的天赋；天生适合...Some people aren't cut out for dealing with the public.be cut out to do [sth] expr informal, figurative (person: suited)适合做；适合成为；有...的天赋She was never cut out to be a doctor.cut through [sth] vi + prep (slice through with a blade)刺穿，切开，砍穿I haven't got a clue why he bought that machete, there's no jungle to cut through in Belgium.我不知道他为什么要买那个大砍刀，比利时可没有需要用刀子砍穿的丛林。cut through [sth] vi + prep figurative, infformal (get past: [sth] superfluous)直接穿过，绕过Ok, let's cut through the crap and see what we do agree on!好了，让我们废话少说，直接来看看我们的共识是什么！cut through [sth] vi + prep informal (take a shortcut)从…抄近路；从…走捷径He cut through the neighbours' back yard to get there quicker.他从邻居家的后院抄近路，以更快地到那儿。cut [sth/sb] to pieces v expr (slaughter)杀死；屠杀cut [sth] to ribbons v expr (shred)切成碎片；撕碎cut up about [sth] expr figurative, slang (upset)因为…而伤心；因为…而难过Iris is really cut up about not being invited to her son's wedding.没有获邀参加他儿子的婚礼，伊瑞丝非常伤心。cut your teeth on [sth] v expr figurative (learn a trade) (新手)开始上手，开始尝试某工作It was a good simple project for the manager's son to cut his teeth on.cutting edge of [sth] n (forefront of [sth])…的前沿Cosmology is the cutting edge of modern science.宇宙学是现代科学的前沿。cyanide [sth] vtr metallurgy (treat with cyanide)对…进行氰化处理The company cyanides ore to obtain gold.dab [sth] vtr (pat, touch)轻拍；轻触Don't rub the camera lens, just gently dab it with a soft cloth.dab at [sth] vi + prep (pat, touch)轻触The girl dabbed carefully at her wound.a dab of [sth] n (small amount)少量；一点点Give me just a dab of that lotion, please.dab [sth] onto [sth] vtr + prep (apply by dabbing)轻轻将...涂抹在；轻轻给...搽上Michelle dabbed some lotion onto her hands.dab [sth] around [sth] vtr + prep (apply by dabbing)轻轻涂抹Dab the pieces of butter around the top of the pie.dab [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (cover using small strokes)覆盖Stop dabbing the wall with paint like that - use longer strokes.dab [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (apply by dabbing)轻轻涂抹Dab a little olive oil on the crust.dab at [sth] with [sth] v expr (cover using small strokes)覆盖The artist timidly dabbed at the canvas with small brush strokes.dabble in [sth] vi + prep informal (do [sth] occasionally)偶尔涉猎Although on occasion she would dabble in poetry, her literary reputation is based entirely on her work as a novelist.dado [sth] vtr (fit into a dado)给...开凿榫槽；把...嵌入榫槽The carpenter carefully dadoes several pieces of wood, and then she fits the pieces together to form a drawer.daft about [sth/sb] adj + prep mainly UK, informal (person: infatuated) (人)对…迷恋，狂热迷恋Becca is totally daft about the new guy at work.贝卡狂热迷恋公司里那个新来的人。dally with [sth/sb] vi + prep (trifle with)摆弄；玩弄dam [sth] vtr (block flow)筑坝拦截They dammed the stream to create a waterfall.他们筑坝拦河，要制造一个瀑布。damage [sth] vtr (cause physical harm to)毁坏；损害；破坏The tree damaged the car when it fell on it.树倒在车上，把车给砸坏了。damage [sth] vtr figurative (be detrimental to) (比喻)毁坏，损害，破坏The news of the bribery of his aide damaged his reputation.由于助手受贿，他的声誉受到了损害。damn near do [sth] expr slang (almost)差点；几乎Be careful with that cane! You damn near took my eye out!damn [sb/sth] with faint praise v expr (criticize by praising unenthusiastically)名褒实贬；用冷言冷语来表扬damp [sth] vtr (music: stop, muffle) (音乐)制止…的音，隔断（声音）The walls of the practice rooms have extra insulation in order to damp the sound.练习室的墙上有额外的绝缘材料以达到隔音的目的。damp [sth] vtr (make slightly wet)打湿；浸湿Damp a rag and use it to carefully soak up the spill.稍微把抹布打湿，用它小心地将洒出来的液体吸干。damp [sth] vtr figurative (lessen: enthusiasm, spirits)减弱；削弱The cold rain damped everyone's enthusiasm for a hike.冷雨浇灭了大家远足的热情。dampen [sth] vtr (make slightly wet)使潮湿；弄潮If you dampen the sponge slightly, it makes it easier to wipe off the counters.海绵稍稍打湿，擦起台面来就更容易。dampen [sth] vtr figurative (enthusiasm, spirits: lessen)减少；降低；抑制Not even this bad weather can dampen my enthusiasm for running.即使天气如此糟糕，我跑步的热情也没有减少。dampen [sth] vtr colloquial (damp: soften instrument sound) (乐器的声音)减弱，使…变柔和vtrThe bass player put his palm on the strings to dampen the note.贝斯手将手掌按在琴弦上来使乐音变柔和。dampen [sth] vtr figurative (impact: make less intense)减弱；减缓；缓解It is hoped that the vaccination rollout will dampen the impact of the disease.人们希望疫苗的广泛接种能缓解疫情造成的影响。dance [sth] vtr (perform)表演（舞蹈）；跳…舞He danced the ballet for the audience.dangle [sth] vtr (allow to hang loosely)悬吊；悬挂；悬垂The kids dangled their feet over the dock.孩子们坐在码头上，腿悬垂在码头边。dangle [sth] in front of [sb], dangle [sth] before [sb] vtr + prep figurative, informal (offer as incentive)拿某物来诱惑某人；用某物来吊某人的胃口Dangle a raise in front of him and see what happens.The boss dangled extra overtime pay before the employees for working on the holiday.用加薪来吊他的胃口，看看会怎样。 // 为了让雇员节假日上班，老板拿额外加班费来诱惑大家。dapple [sth] vtr (mottle)使…产生斑纹；使…有斑点The evening light glinted through the trees, dappling the ground.dare to do [sth], also UK: dare do [sth] v expr (be brave enough)敢于做；胆敢做Not one of them dared to ride on the ghost train.他们中没有人敢坐幽灵列车。dare to do [sth] (US) v expr (be bold enough)无畏于；胆敢于If you dare to dream, anything is possible.只要你无畏于心怀梦想，那么一切皆有可能。dare to do [sth], also UK: dare do [sth] v expr (be impudent enough)有胆量做；敢放肆做I wouldn't dare to enter his office without knocking.不敲门就进他办公室，我还没有胆量这样做。dare [sb] to do [sth] v expr (challenge)挑战某人做某事，刺激某人做某事I dared him to repeat the insult to my face.我让他亲自当面来骂我，看他敢不敢。dare not, dare not do [sth] v expr (lack courage of nerve to do [sth])不敢She dared not ask for a raise for fear she would be yelled at by her boss.darken [sth] vtr (make darker in colour)使（颜色）变深Darken the canvas with a thin coat of paint.darken [sth] vtr figurative (mood, etc.: make sombre)使阴郁；使不高兴Kelly's bad attitude darkened the atmosphere.darn [sth] vtr (mend [sth] by sewing)织补；缝补The socks were full of holes, so Harry darned them.袜子上都是洞，哈利就缝补了一下。darn [sth] interj US, informal, euphemism (curse)该死的；讨厌的Darn that pesky fly!该死的苍蝇真烦人！dart [sth] vtr figurative (move, send quickly) (快速地)投射，发出Andy darted a quick glance at Helen.dash [sth] vtr (strike, smash against)猛冲；撞击，拍击，拍打Waves dashed the rocks.浪潮拍打着岩石。dash [sth] against [sth], dash [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (throw [sth] against)把...猛掷在...上；把...向...猛扔去Janet dashed the plate against the wall.珍妮特把盘子向墙猛扔过去。dash [sth] vtr figurative (ruin: chances, hope) (比喻)使落空；使破灭；使受挫Failing the exam dashed Adrian's chances of getting into university.考试落榜，亚德里安上大学的希望也破灭了。dash against [sth] vi + prep (strike)撞向；冲向Waves dashed against the shore.波涛撞击海岸。dash [sth] on [sth], dash [sth] onto [sth] vtr + prep (apply roughly)将…草草涂在…上；将…潦草地抹到…上Harriet dashed some paint onto the wall.哈丽特草草地在墙上涂了些油漆。dash [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (strike against)把…往…上冲撞；把…往…上撞击Amy dashed her head on a rock while swimming.艾米游泳时头撞到了石头上。dash by [sb/sth] vi + prep (rush past)飞驰而过；掠过dash into [sth] vi + prep informal (hurry inside) (非正式用语)冲向，冲入Carol left the engine running while she dashed into the shop for some cigarettes.卡罗尔汽车没有熄火，冲进商店里买了些香烟。date [sth], date [sth] to [sth] vtr (ascertain era)鉴定…的时期，确定…的年代Scientists are trying to date the fossils.科研人员正在试图确定这些化石的年代。date from [sth] vi + prep (exist since)起始于，自…日期起一直存在，可追溯至The settlements here date from 1678.这里的居民点可追溯至1678年。date [sb/sth] vtr informal (show age)使…显老；使老气The fact that she remembers commercials from the 70's really dates her.她还记得70年代的商业广告，这个事实暴露了她的年龄。date-stamp [sth] vtr (stamp [sth] with the date)给...盖日期戳The admin staff date-stamp all the application forms which they receive.dateline [sth] vtr (news: provide with a dateline) (新闻)给…注明日期地点daub [sth] on [sth] vtr (apply roughly, smear)将...涂抹在...上Daub some jam on my toast.daub [sth] onto [sth] vtr (apply roughly, smear)草草地涂抹The bricklayer daubed mortar onto the layer of bricks.daub [sth] on vtr (apply roughly, smear)随意地涂抹Don't worry about it being even, just daub the mixture on.daub [sth] with [sth] vtr (cover using rough strokes)将...涂抹在...上；在...上乱涂Daub the meat with the marinade and let it chill for three hours.day-trip to [sth] vi + prep US (make a day trip to a place)去...一日游；一日游览...day-trip from [sth] vi + prep US (make a day trip from a place)从...开始一日游；自...启程一日游We met a couple in Oxford who were day-tripping from London.daydream about [sth/sb] vi + prep (fantasize about)幻想；空想I frequently daydream about living in a warmer climate.daylight [sth] vtr US (construction: fill with light)照亮The translucent panels daylight the room and give it a nice glow.daze [sb/sth] vtr (stun)使…恍惚；使…迷茫；使…惶惑The boxer dazed his opponent with a right hook.dazzle [sb/sth] vtr (light: blind temporarily) (光)刺眼，炫目The glare of the oncoming car's headlights dazzled Polly.不断驶来的车辆灯光炫目，刺得波利眼花缭乱。dazzle [sth], dazzle-paint [sth] vtr (warship: paint with camouflage) (军舰)给…涂伪装漆The British and Americans dazzled their warships to confuse the enemy.英美联军将他们的战舰涂上伪装漆来迷惑敌人。de-emphasize [sth], deemphasize [sth], also UK: de-emphasise [sth], deemphasise [sth] vtr (place less importance on [sth])不再强调，不再重视de-energize [sth], also UK: de-energise [sth] vtr (electricity: disconnect)切断…的电源de-escalate [sth], deescalate [sth] vtr (lessen in scale, intensity) (规模等)使缩小； (紧张局势等)使缓和de-flea [sth] vtr (remove parasites from)给…除跳蚤As well as de-fleaing the dog, you need to de-flea the house too.de-worm [sth] vtr (animal: treat for parasites) (动物)给…除虫All the puppies have been de-wormed.deactivate [sth] vtr (bomb: defuse) (炸弹)取下雷管，拆除The bomb squad worked to deactivate the device.deactivate [sth] vtr (mechanism: make inactive) (机制)取消激活；解除激活All of my credit cards have mysteriously been deactivated.deactivate [sth] vtr US, figurative (military unit: disband)解散The general decided to deactivate the special ops unit.dead against [sb/sth] adj + prep informal (totally opposed to)坚决反对I wanted to go to Art School, but my parents were dead against it.dead set on doing [sth] adj informal (resolute, determined)坚决的；坚定的；下定决心的Mark was dead set on becoming a naval pilot.马克下决心要成为海军飞行员。dead set against [sth] adj + prep informal (resolutely opposed to)坚决反对...的Jerry was dead set against the Prime Minister's proposal.deaden [sth] vtr (make dull)使…麻木；使…无感觉The shock of the news deadened the initial emotional impact.deaden [sth] vtr (sound: damp) (声音)使...减弱The heavy curtains deadened the sound in the room.deadhead [sth] vtr (horticulture: remove dead flowers) (园艺学)剪掉枯萎的花朵deadlock [sth] vtr (halt progress of)使陷入僵局；使僵持不下The mayor's stubbornness deadlocked the talks.deadpan [sth] vtr (say in deadpan manner)面无表情地说；不动声色地说My coworker deadpanned a story from his latest trip.deaf to [sth] adj + prep figurative, potentially offensive (unwilling to listen)不愿听...的；对...充耳不闻的；不注意...的Edward was deaf to his daughter's pleas and sent her away to boarding school.爱德华对自己女儿的求告充耳不闻，把她送去了寄宿学校。deal [sth] vtr (cards: distribute) (牌)发；分发Every person takes a turn and deals the cards.每个人轮流发牌。deal [sth] vtr (drugs: sell) (指毒品)交易He went to jail for dealing drugs.deal [sth] out, deal out [sth] vtr + adv (distribute)分发，分给They deal out the boarding cards at the check-in desk.deal out [sth], deal [sth] out vtr + adv figurative (give: advice, etc.) (建议等)给予；deal out [sth], deal [sth] out vtr + adv (give: punishment)施加；施以Kids like to feel that their parents deal out punishments fairly.dealings with [sb/sth] npl (business transactions)和某人的买卖；与某人的交易His dealings with the company were conducted in secret.他与公司的交易是秘密进行的。dealing with [sth] prep (about, concerning)关于debar [sb] from [sth] vtr (deny admission to)禁止...加入...The underage college students were debarred from the club.debase [sth] vtr (degrade) (价值或品质等)降低Don't let anyone debase your sense of dignity.debase [sth] vtr (money: devalue) (指货币)使…贬值The ecological disaster debased the small country's currency.debate [sth] vtr (argue a topic, point)就...辩论；就...争论；争论The member of the panel debated the merits of raising taxes.委员会成员就增税的优劣进行了辩论。debilitate [sth] vtr (hamper, cripple)使…衰弱；削弱…的力量The city was debilitated by the sudden snow storm.debit [sth] vtr (subtract)把…记入借方；借记The retailer debited my account even though I had returned the goods.debone [sth] vtr (meat: remove bones)将…去骨debug [sth] vtr (computer: remove errors) (计算机)排除错误, 排除故障, 调试The developer is trying to find a way to debug this program.debug [sth] vtr (remove electronic bugs)去除…的窃听器The CIA debugged the room once the operation was over.debug [sth] vtr (get rid of insects)给...除虫；给...去虫The two chimpanzees were debugging each other.debunk [sth] vtr (show to be false)揭穿；揭开…的真相The newspaper debunked the mayor's lies.Scientists have debunked the myth that pulling out a grey hair causes more to grow back in its place.debunk [sth] vtr (hold up to ridicule) (让他人知道其荒谬性)揭穿；辟谣The new theory was debunked at the conference.decaffeinate [sth] vtr (remove caffeine from)从…中除去咖啡因decal [sth] onto [sth] vtr (transfer: [sth] onto [sth])将...转印到Carefully decal the image onto the glass.decalcify [sth] vtr (remove calcium)使…脱钙decant [sth] vtr (pour into another container)将…倒入另一容器；把…倒入其他容器Pierre decanted the red wine into a carafe.decarbonize [sth], also UK: decarbonise [sth] vtr (remove carbon)使...脱碳decay [sth] vtr (cause to rot) (动植物)令...腐烂Sugary foods and drinks will decay your teeth.deceive [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (fool into doing)误导；蒙蔽The positive feedback I was getting from my boss deceived me into thinking I would get the promotion.我被老板的正面反馈所蒙蔽，认为自己会升职。decenter [sth/sb] (US), decentre [sth/sb] (UK) vtr (move [sth/sb] from center)去掉…的中心decenter [sth] (US), decentre [sth] (UK) vtr (geometry: make eccentric)使离心decentralize [sth], also UK: decentralise [sth] vtr (devolve powers)使权力分散；将…的权力下放One of the presidential candidates wants to decentralize the government.decide (between [sth] and [sth]) vi + prep (choose from among)从…和…中抉择；从…和…中选定I couldn't decide between the two dresses, so I bought both.我因为无法从两条裙子中做出抉择，所以两个都买了。decide to (do [sth]) vi + prep (resolve)决定去做；决心去做Lucy decided to do something about her messy hair.露西决定去整整自己一团糟的头发。decide on (doing) [sth] vi + prep (opt for)决定；选定They decided on a cruise for their holiday.他们决定假期乘船出游。decide against [sth] vi + prep (reject an option)拒绝...Sarah decided against a third cupcake as she was full.因为萨拉已经吃饱了，所以她决定拒绝第三块小蛋糕。decide against doing [sth] v expr (choose not to)决定不做；选择不做I decided against going on holiday this year, since I had just lost my job.由于我才丢了工作，所以我决定今年不去度假了。decide [sth] vtr (resolve a question, doubt) (指对问题、疑问等)解决，裁决，决定The party is asking for feedback from the membership before deciding their course of action.Their mother decided the issue for them.在决定采取何种行动前，这一党派需要党员们提供反馈。在这个问题上，他们的妈妈已经做了决定。decimalize [sth], also UK: decimalise [sth] vtr (convert to decimal system)把…转换为十进制decimate [sth] vtr (kill 10 percent of)杀掉...的10%, 消灭...的十分之一The Roman general decimated the regiment as punishment for their mutiny.decimate [sth] vtr figurative (destroy, lay waste to) (比喻)大量毁坏, 毁灭, 彻底破坏The war decimated the country's already small population.decipher [sth] vtr (decode)给…解码, 破解（代码）Archaeologists are hoping to decipher the ancient script soon.decipher [sth] vtr figurative (read) (比喻)辨识，辨认；读懂Can you decipher the handwriting on this slip?deck [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (decorate)将…装饰上…；用…来布置…"Deck the halls with boughs of holly!"“用冬青树枝来布置大厅！”be decked out in [sth] v expr (decorated with [sth])用...装饰be decked out in [sth] v expr (wearing: fancy clothes) (指高档衣物)穿戴Audrey was decked out in her favourite dress and a pair of knee-length boots.declaim [sth] vtr (deliver, utter: a speech, etc.)公开发表；公开宣告declare [sth] vtr (state, announce)宣言；宣布The president declared his resignation.总统宣布辞职。declare [sth] vtr (make known to customs) (缴纳税费)申报John declared three cases of champagne when he arrived at the port.来到机场后，约翰申报了三箱香槟。declare [sth] vtr (make known to tax authorities)为...报税Lisa declared all her income for the year.丽萨为今年自己的所有收入报了税。declare [sth/sb] [sth] vtr (with noun: proclaim to be)正式宣布某人为某事The judge declared Ben the winner.裁判宣布本获胜。declare [sth/sb] [sth] vtr (law: proclaim guilty, innocent) (法律)宣判，宣判某人The jury declared the defendant guilty.陪审团宣判被告有罪。declare yourself to be [sth] v expr (announce)宣布自己是…I hereby declare myself to be a candidate in the forthcoming elections.我在此宣布自己将以候选人的身份参与即将举办的选举。declare for [sth] vi + prep US (run for office)宣布参与...的选举Bill has declared for president for the forthcoming election.declare [sth] vtr (officially proclaim)正式宣布；正式宣告The government has declared a state of emergency.declare yourself to be [sth] v expr (state yourself to be for, against [sth])公开表明赞成；公开表明反对The minister declared himself to be against the introduction of the euro to Britain.declare [sth] vtr figurative (indicate, show)显示；表示The presence of company representatives at the meeting declares their willingness to negotiate.declare for [sth/sb] vi + prep (announce support for)公开支持declare against [sth/sb] vi + prep (announce opposition to)公开反对declare [sth] null and void v expr (invalidate)宣布…无效Their business relationship ended when the judge declared their contract null and void.declare war on [sb/sth], declare war against [sb/sth] v expr (state intention to make war with)向…宣战France declared war on Prussia on July 19, 1870.On July 28th 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war against Serbia.法国在1870年7月19日向普鲁士王国宣战。// 1914年7月28日，奥匈帝国向塞尔维亚宣战。declare war on [sth] v expr figurative (take strong steps against) (比喻)宣战President Richard Nixon declared war on drugs in 1971.1971年，理查德·尼克松总统向毒品宣战。declassify [sth] vtr (documents: make not secret) (文件等)解密；销密declaw [sth] vtr (animal: remove the claws from)把...爪子去掉declaw [sth] vtr figurative (make [sth] less harmful)使...无害decline [sth] vtr (refuse: an invitation, etc.)谢绝，婉拒，婉言拒绝The Smiths have declined our dinner invitation.史密斯一家婉言拒绝了我们的晚餐邀请。decline to do [sth] v expr (refuse to do)拒绝做某事I don't know why John has still got a job when he declines to do any work!我不能理解为什么约翰拒绝做任何事，他都还能有工作！decline [sth] vtr (inflect: a part of speech) (语法)对...进行变格；变化...的词形The Latin teacher asked his students to decline the noun.拉丁语老师让学生对这个名词进行变格。declutter [sth] vtr (tidy up)使...整洁；整理；收拾Decluttering your desk can make you more productive.decode [sth] vtr (decipher)解码；解密Intelligence officers were called in to intercept and decode messages.decolonize [sth], also UK: decolonise [sth] vtr (make [sth] independent)去殖民化；使殖民地恢复独立decolor [sth] (US), decolour [sth] (UK) vtr (remove color from)脱色；去色decolorize [sth], also UK: decolourize [sth], decolourise [sth] vtr (remove color from)为...脱色；将...去色decommission [sth] vtr (take out of action)使退役；弃用As a part of the treaty, the nation had to decommission its nuclear enrichment facilities.decompose [sth] vtr (break [sth] into parts)分解Hydrogen peroxide decomposes when exposed to light.decompose [sth] vtr (math: break down a function) (数学)分解In math class the students are learning how to decompose composite functions.decompress [sth] vtr (depressurize)为…减压；为…解除压力The chiropractor uses special methods to decompress the spine.A catheter is used to decompress the bladder.decompress [sth] vtr (file, data: expand)解压缩Decompress the file after you download it.deconstruct [sth] vtr figurative (analyze critically) (比喻分析)解构The literary reviewer deconstructed the new novel about the Holocaust.deconstruct [sth] vtr (building, structure: dismantle) (建筑等)分解；拆解Matt and his friends deconstructed the shed so they could move it to another property.decontaminate [sth] vtr (purify, remove [sth] toxic from)净化；给…消毒decontextualize [sth] vtr (take out of context)断章取义，脱离上下文decontrol [sth] vtr (deregulate [sth])撤消管制；解除限制decorate [sth] vtr (adorn)装饰，修饰；点缀，装点Ruth decorates the whole house during the holiday season.decorate [sth] vtr UK (repaint)粉刷；油漆Did you decorate it yourself or hire painters?decorate [sth] with [sth] vtr (adorn)装饰The stage was decorated with flags and flowers.decorate [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (military: honor with a medal)授勋The soldier was decorated with the purple heart.decorticate [sth] vtr (remove husk, bark, etc.)给…剥皮；给…去壳decoupage [sth], découpage [sth] vtr (apply as decoupage)剪贴装饰于decouple [sth] vtr (separate, disconnect)分离；拆开；脱钩The seminar is aimed at decoupling poverty and race.decouple [sth] vtr (electricity)解耦This capacitor decouples these two parts of the circuit.decoy [sth/sb] vtr (lure, trick)诱骗；引诱decoy [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (trick into doing)诱骗某人做某事The enemy decoyed the fighter pilots into shooting at unarmed missiles.decrease [sth] vtr (make less, fewer, lower)使减少；使下降The company decreased its training budget.这家公司缩减了培训预算。decree [sth] vtr (order officially)下令，颁布The president decreed an amnesty.decriminalize [sth], also UK: decriminalise [sth] vtr (make [sth] legal)使...合法化A growing number of people want to decriminalize marijuana use.decry [sth] vtr (denounce)公然抨击；谴责；公开反对Government officials have decried the law as unconstitutional.decrypt [sth] vtr (cryptography: decode)将…解码dedicate [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (set aside for)拨出…用于…；把...给了...Alan dedicated the money to charity.阿兰拨出钱来用于慈善事务。dedicate [sth] to doing [sth] vtr + prep (devote)把...用于做某事；把...奉献给某事I'm going to dedicate my weekend to finishing a speech I'm writing.我要把周末的时间用于撰写发言。dedicate [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (declare: in honor of [sb])将某物献给某人I would like to dedicate this award to my mother, who always believed in me.我要将这个奖献给我的母亲，感谢她一直以来在我身上倾注的信念。dedicate [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (declare: in honor of [sth])把（作品）献给（某人）The artist dedicated the sculpture to the memory of those who had fallen during the war.艺术家将这座雕塑献给在战争中牺牲的人们。dedicate [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (book: inscribe) (指书籍等)题献给The author signed the fan's book and dedicated it "To dear Ellen."作家在为粉丝的书上签了名，题献给“亲爱的艾伦”。dedicate [sth] vtr (building: declare open) (建筑物等)为...举行落成典礼The school dedicated the new building on Sunday.学校周日为新大楼举行落成典礼。dedicate yourself to [sth] v expr (devote energy to [sth])献身于；将自己奉献给If you want to be a star athlete, you have to dedicate yourself to the sport.dedicated to [sth] adj + prep (devoted to one thing)致力于...的；专攻...的；专门...的The museum is dedicated to antiquities and silver works.这家博物馆致力于收集古董和银器。dedicated to doing [sth] expr (devoted to one task)被用于做（一件事）；专注于...；专门用来...My evenings are dedicated to practising the piano.我的傍晚时间专门用来练钢琴。dedicated to [sth] adj + prep (person: committed to [sth])致力于；献身于Christina is dedicated to her work.克里斯汀娜致力于自己的工作。dedicated to doing [sth] expr (person: committed to a task)致力于；一心一意地做Harry is a conscientious employee, dedicated to doing his best.哈利是一位一丝不苟的雇员，一心一意要做到最好。dedicated to [sb/sth] adj + prep (monument, building opening) (建筑物、纪念碑等)敬献给…的Yesterday, the monument was dedicated to the thousands who died during the epidemic.就在昨天，纪念碑举行了落成仪式，敬献给数千名在瘟疫中丧生的人。deduce [sth] vtr (conclude)推断；推理The detective deduced who the killer was.deduce [sth] from [sth] vtr (conclude)推理出The detective deduced the answer from the physical evidence and witness reports.deduct [sth] vtr (subtract)扣除；减去How much of this expense can you deduct from your taxes?deed [sth] vtr US (law: transfer)立下契约转让The old lady deeded the property to her daughters.老太太立下契约将房产转给了女儿们。deem [sb/sth] [sth] vtr formal (view as)认为，将…视为Gerald always insists on meeting his daughter's boyfriends to see if he deems them suitable.杰拉德总是坚持要见女儿的男朋友，看自己是否认为这些男孩适合。deem [sb/sth] as [sth] vtr + prep formal (view as)认为，将…视为The defence deemed the judge's verdict as very unfair.辩方认为法官的裁决非常不公。deem [sb/sth] to be [sth] v expr formal (view as being)认为The panel deemed Patricia to be suitable for the job and hired her.评审小组认为帕特里夏适合这一工作，并聘用了她。deep in [sth] adj figurative (absorbed) (比喻)全神贯注的；专注的The two elderly ladies were deep in their reminiscences of life during the war.deep-freeze [sth], deepfreeze [sth] vtr (keep in cold storage)用深冻冰箱冷冻Did you know you can deep-freeze a loaf of bread and it will keep for ages?deep fry [sth], deep-fry [sth] vtr (boil in fat, oil)油炸A popular way to cook chicken is to deep fry it so that it has a crispy skin.deep-six [sth] vtr US, informal (get rid of, destroy)放弃；丢弃deep-six [sth] vtr US, informal (reject)拒绝；否决The President deep-sixed the proposal.deepen [sth] vtr (make [sth] deeper) (距离)使…变深The gardener used a small spade to deepen the hole.园丁用一把小铲子把洞挖得更深。deepen [sth] vtr figurative (intensify [sth]) (比喻)挖深；加深The arguments deepened Robert's conviction that he was right.The latest clue only deepened the mystery.经过一番辩论，罗伯特更加坚定的认为自己是正确的。最近的线索让谜团更加疑雾重重。deepen [sth] vtr (color: make darker) (颜色)使…变深，使…变浓The painter deepened the red of the apples in the shadow areas.画家加深了阴影中苹果的红色。deepen [sth] vtr (sound: make lower in tone) (声音)使…更低沉deepen [sth] vtr (knowledge, etc.: gain more) (知识等)加深This course has deepened my knowledge of Japanese history.deepen [sth] vtr (problem: make worse) (问题)使…恶化The recession has deepened the unemployment problem in many countries.deface [sth] vtr (vandalize)在…上乱涂或乱写；破坏…的外观Vandals defaced the side of the building last night.deface [sth] vtr (impair, make invalid)损坏；涂抹；注销My gym membership card was defaced after it went through the wash.default on [sth] vi + prep (fail to repay)违约；不履行The family's house was repossessed when they defaulted on the mortgage.当他们没能偿付住房抵押贷款时，房子被收回了。defeat [sth] vtr figurative (thwart, prevent success)挫败；有违；违反Poor use of language defeats the purpose of communicating.defend [sth/sb] vtr (protect)护卫；防卫；保卫Who defended the fort when the troops left?部队走了，谁来保卫要塞？defend [sth] vtr (sports title: not lose) (体育运动)防守The boxer will attempt to defend his title tonight.那位拳击手今晚将展开卫冕战。defend [sth] vtr (sport: protect) (体育)防守The team defended their goal well in the second half.队伍在下半场很好地守住了球门。defend [sth] vtr (argument/cause: support)支持；拥护；为…辩护His view of the matter was entirely different from hers, but she defended her position well.他看事情的方式与她完全不同，但她为自己立场辩护得不错。defend against [sth] vi + prep (protect)抵御，防御，防范Medieval castles had moats, drawbridges and other structures to defend against attack.defend [sb/sth] against [sb/sth] vtr + prep (protect)保护…不受…攻击Lisa defended her friend against the bully.Mark was unable to defend himself against his attackers.defenestrate [sb/sth] vtr formal (throw [sb] from window)把…从窗口扔出去The prince was defenestrated by one of his own servants.defer [sth] vtr (postpone)推迟；将...延期We're deferring the meeting until Thursday.我们将会议推迟至周四。deficient in [sth] adj + prep (lacking)缺乏；缺少A person deficient in social skills should not seek a career in diplomacy.defile [sth] vtr (desecrate)弄脏；糟蹋Vandals have defiled yet another cemetery.defile [sth] vtr (pollute)污染Urban pollution has defiled the surrounding area.defile [sth] vtr figurative (reputation: tarnish) (名誉，比喻)玷污，糟蹋She feels her name has been defiled by the newspaper story.define [sth] vtr (word, term)给…下定义；解释She struggled to define the word for her friend.她努力向朋友解释那个词的意思。define [sth] vtr (describe)描述；阐明Can you define your opinion? It's not clear to me.你能阐述一下自己的观点吗？我不是很明白。define [sth] vtr (categorize)归类They are a difficult band to define. Are they a rock or hip-hop group?define [sth] vtr (set limits)界定You need to define the scope of the project.define [sth] vtr (clearly marked)标明…的界限The lines in the painting were well defined.the definition of [sth] n figurative (perfect example) (比喻义)...的化身；...的典型；...的绝佳代表Julie had always been the definition of good health, so her friends were shocked when she suddenly became seriously ill.朱莉一直是健康的化身，所以当她忽然罹患重病，她的朋友们都非常震惊。deflate [sth] vtr (let air out of)放掉…的气Try to deflate the balloon without making any noise.deflate [sth] vtr figurative (economy: lower prices)紧缩The huge economic changes suddenly deflated gas prices.deflect [sth] vtr (change course of: an object)使转向；使斜The mirror deflected the laser beam.deflect [sth] vtr figurative (avert, avoid) (比喻)转移，引开，转开The clever politician deflected the interviewer's tough questions.deflect [sth] vtr (sport: block) (体育运动)阻挡The boxer skillfully deflected his opponent's punches.defog [sth] vtr (clear frost from window, etc.)给…除雾；去除（窗户上的）雾defoliate [sth] vtr (strip leaves from)从…上除去叶子；使落叶deforest [sth] vtr (cut down trees in)砍伐...的森林；清除...的树木；采伐...的森林The lumber company plans to deforest hundreds of acres.deform [sth] vtr (maim, disfigure)使…变形；使…残缺；使变畸形The fire deformed the sculptures in the museum.defray [sth] vtr (contribute to paying: costs)支付；支出；付（款）The organization will donate money to help defray the cost of gasoline.defrost [sth] vtr (thaw out: [sth] frozen)解冻Sally defrosted the chicken in the refrigerator.defrost [sth] vtr (thaw: freezer, etc.)给...除霜We need to defrost our freezer because there is almost no room left at all.defund [sth/sb] vtr mainly US (remove financial support from)抽回资金；撤回资金defuse [sth] vtr (remove fuse from: a bomb) (炸弹)拆除...的引信；去除导火线The bomb squad successfully defused the explosive.defuse [sth] vtr figurative (situation: make less tense) (比喻事态)缓和，平息"No need to get upset," the woman said, trying to defuse the situation.defy [sth/sb] vtr (go against)反抗, 违抗, 违反The student defied the teacher's instruction to go to the principal's office and stayed in his seat.老师让那个学生去校长办公室报道，但学生坐着不动，违抗老师的指示。defy [sth/sb] vtr (resist)经受得住；顶得住；经得起Your argument defies all logic.你的论点完全没有逻辑。defy [sb] to do [sth] vtr (challenge)挑战某人做某事I defy you to tell the difference between these two products.我谅你分不出这两种产品之间的区别。degas [sth] vtr (remove gas from)给...放气；排出…的气degenerate into [sth] vi + prep (become through deterioration)堕落；蜕化The formal debate quickly degenerated into a shouting match.degrade [sth] vtr (cause to deteriorate)使恶化Wind and water will degrade this land unless we plant trees on it.a degree (of [sth]) n (small amount)些微，些许There is just a degree of hope that somebody is still alive in the mine.对矿井里还有人存活人们只抱有些许希望。dehumanize [sth], also UK: dehumanise [sth] vtr (mechanize [sth])使机械化Dehumanizing the manufacturing of valves means that we can produce many more for a cheaper price.dehumidify [sth] vtr (air: make less moist) (指空气)给...去湿；抽湿dehydrate [sth] vtr (remove moisture from)使…脱水；使…干燥Bill dehydrated some fruit for his backpacking trip.dehydrogenate [sth] vtr (remove hydrogen from)给…脱氢deice [sth], de-ice, de-ice [sth] vtr (thaw, defrost)为…除冰；解冻deign to do [sth] v expr (condescend to do [sth])屈尊去做'Thank you for deigning to make an appearance,' said the teacher sarcastically to her student.deign [sth] vtr obsolete (condescend to give)屈尊做某事The gentleman smiled but deigned no response.那位绅士笑了笑但却不屑作出回应。deindustrialize [sth], also UK: deindustrialise [sth] vtr (reduce industrial activity)解除...的工业；削减...的工业生产能力delay [sth] vtr (postpone)推迟；延后They decided to delay the wedding for a year.delayer [sth] vtr (streamline hierarchy of: a company)减少公司中的阶级delegate [sth] vtr (task: entrust to others) (任务)委任，委派An effective manager knows how to delegate tasks.效率高的经理知道如何委派任务。delegate [sth] to [sb] vtr (task: entrust to [sb])把…委托给某人You need to delegate more routine tasks to your assistant.你需要把更多的日常任务委托给自己的助手。delegate [sb] to do [sth] vtr (person: appoint)委派某人做某事；任命某人做某事The Swedish government delegated a minister to represent them at the event in London.瑞典政府委派了一名部长代表他们出席在伦敦举办的活动。delete [sth] vtr (remove)删去；删除；删除The publishers deleted several paragraphs from later editions of the book.在该书的后几版中，出版商删去了几个段落。delete [sth] vtr (computing: erase) (计算机)删除I really need to delete some of my old emails.我亟需删除一些旧邮件。deliberate [sth] vtr (consider)慎重考虑；仔细权衡We need to deliberate this matter carefully.我们需要仔细权衡这件事。delight in [sth] vi + prep (enjoy)喜爱；喜欢；享受Stefan delights in simple pleasures since his heart attack.自从心脏病发作后，史蒂芬就喜欢上简单的快乐。delight in doing [sth] v expr (enjoy doing)喜爱做...；喜欢做...；享受做...The children delight in tormenting their babysitter.孩子们喜欢“折磨”他们的保姆。delimit [sth] vtr (define, mark boundaries of)限定…的地界；定界delineate [sth] vtr (outline)勾画…的框架They delineated a plan of the new library.delineate [sth] vtr figurative (describe)描述；描绘；形容He carefully delineates each character's weaknesses.delineate [sth] vtr figurative (define)描述The roles of directors regarding communication and engagement with shareholders should be clearly delineateddeliver [sth] vtr (carry, distribute)递送；投递The postman delivered the letters.邮递员投递了信件。deliver [sth] vtr (give: a speech)演讲；讲（话）；发言She delivered a speech on molecular biology.她发表了一场关于分子生物学的演讲。deliver [sth] vtr (pass: a judgment)宣布；宣判The jury delivered a verdict of not guilty.陪审团宣布判定被告无罪。deliver [sth] vtr (send)投；掷；实现During the game, he skillfully delivered several difficult passes.在比赛中，他以高超的技巧地实现了几次困难的传球。deliver [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep (liberate, rescue)将某人解救出；从某事中营救某人The commandos delivered the hostages from captivity.突击队队员将人质们解救了出来。delocalize [sth], also UK: delocalise [sth] vtr (electrons: make free to move)游离；离域delouse [sth/sb] vtr (remove lice from)从…除去虱子；给…去虱子delude [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (mislead into doing [sth])骗...做Don't let the politicians delude you into thinking that the proposal is in the best interest of the country.delude yourself into doing [sth] v expr (think, believe, etc. mistakenly)自欺欺人地去做...，自己欺骗自己去做...Don't delude yourself into thinking that your life would be better in another city.a deluge of [sth] n figurative (overwhelming quantity)大量The TV station received a deluge of complaints about the programme.deluge [sb/sth] with [sth] vtr figurative (inundate, overwhelm)淹没The office has been deluged with new business orders.deluge [sth] vtr literary (flood)淹没A sudden downpour deluged the city.delve into [sth] vi + prep (dig, dip into [sth])挖；刨The gardener delved into the soil with her spade.园丁使用铁锹来刨土。demagnetize [sth], also UK: demagnetise [sth] vtr (remove magnetism)使…消磁；去除…的磁性demagogue [sth] vtr (manipulate with emotionalism)煽动...The president was accused of demagoguing the issue.demand [sth] vtr (with object: insist on [sth])断然要求He demands loyalty from his workers.他坚持要求工人们忠诚于他。demand [sth] vtr (with object: require [sth])要求，需要This task demands a high degree of concentration.该任务要求高度专注。demand to do [sth] v expr (insist on doing [sth])强烈要求；强要I demand to see the manager!我强烈要求见经理！demand, demand for [sth] n uncountable (economics: market for [sth]) (经济学, 不可数)需求The demand for new cars was up 15%.对新车的需求上升了15%。demarcate [sth] vtr (mark out, delineate)划定…的界线The new property owners clearly demarcated the boundaries of the land.dematerialize [sth], also UK: dematerialise [sth] vtr (replace [sth] with electronic version)使无纸化；使电子化demilitarise [sth], also UK: demilitarise [sth] vtr (change from military to civil control)解除对…的军事管制It will take some time to demilitarize the war-torn city.demise [sth] vtr (law: transfer property) (法律)转让；让与The deceased's will demised his estate to his daughter.demist [sth] vtr (clear vapour from: window, etc.)给…除雾；除掉...的雾demobilize [sth], also UK: demobilise [sth] vtr (military: take [sth] out of action)遣散（部队）The unit was demobilized near the end of the war.democratize [sth], also UK: democratise [sth] vtr (make [sth] democratic)使…民主化demodulate [sth] vtr (electronics: extract signal) (电子)解调demolish [sth] vtr (destroy: building) (建筑物等)拆除，拆毁After sitting empty for years, the crumbling building was demolished.demolish [sth] vtr figurative (destroy: reputation, etc.) (比喻，名誉等)毁坏，破坏Andrew's reputation was demolished by the vicious rumors.demonetize [sth], also UK: demonetise [sth] vtr (no longer be used as currency)取消…的法定货币地位；使…失去货币资格demonize [sb/sth], also UK: demonise [sb/sth] vtr (portray [sb], [sth] as evil)妖魔化The media has demonized the actor for his affairs.demonstrate [sth] vtr (show, illustrate)示范操作；显示, 展示, 表现； (用实验、实例等)说明He demonstrated how to operate the machine.他示范了怎样操作这台机器。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 通过这次比赛，这位学生展示了自己的能力。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 教授通过实验来说明这条定律。demonstrate [sth] vtr (prove)证明；论证This experiment demonstrates that alcohol harms the body.这个实验证明，酒精会对身体造成伤害。demonstrate against [sth/sb] vi + prep (protest publicly about)游行示威Protesters are demonstrating against the government.游行者向政府示威。demote [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (reduce rank of: soldier, employee)降级Without warning, Chuck was demoted from manager to cashier.demutualize [sth] vtr (finance: change type of company) (金融)非互助化demystify [sth] vtr (explain or clarify [sth])使…不再神秘；使…透明化；阐明The maths teacher aims to demystify algebra for her students.demythologize [sth] vtr (take away mythical parts)去除…的神话色彩denationalize [sth], also UK: denationalise [sth] vtr (privatize [sth])去国有化；使私有化denature [sth] vtr (process, alter make-up of)使…改变性质denature [sth] vtr (alchohol: make unfit to drink) (使酒变得不能饮用)使变性，使变质denial of [sth] n (refusal to grant)拒绝给予；剥夺The government was criticized for its denial of the most basic civil liberties to its poorest citizens.denigrate [sth] vtr (disparage, put down)贬低；诋毁After he received poor service, Greg denigrated the restaurant to all his friends.denominate [sth] vtr (express in a given currency)面值；结算...denominate [sth] vtr (denote, name)命名；把...称作；给...取名denote [sth] vtr (signify)意指；意味着What does this word denote in a political context?denote [sth], denote that vtr (indicate)暗示；暗指；示意This abbreviation denotes the person's country of origin.denounce [sth] vtr (condemn)谴责；责备The enforcement measures were denounced by residents as insufficient.denounce [sb] for [sth] vtr (inform on)检举The authorities denounced the official for corruption.dent [sth] vtr (metal: damage)使...凹下去；使...产生凹陷The collision dented the car.碰撞的力量使车的外壳凹了下去。dent [sth] vtr figurative (injure: pride, confidence)伤害；损害Gareth's rejection dented Julie's pride.佳睿斯的回绝伤害了朱莉的骄傲。denuclearize [sth] vtr US (strip [sth] of nuclear weapons)剥夺…的核武器denude [sth] vtr (land: leave bare)使…裸露；使变得光秃秃denude [sth/sb] of [sth] vtr + prep (take [sth] away from [sth/sb])剥光...的...deny [sth] vtr (say [sth] is not true)否认；不承认She denied owing rent money to her greedy roommate.她不承认自己欠贪婪的室友房租。deny [sth] vtr (refuse to accept)拒绝接受，拒绝相信Despite the proof, he denied her innocence.尽管有证据证明，但他还是拒绝相信她的清白。deny [sth] vtr (say no, refuse)拒绝His manager denied his request for vacation.经理拒绝了他的休假请求。deny [sb] [sth] vtr (withhold [sth])拒绝给予They denied the teacher the use of their telephone.他们拒绝把电话给那位老师用。deodorize [sth], also UK: deodorise [sth] vtr (neutralize smell)中和（不好的）味道；除去…的臭味This powder deodorizes cat litter.deoxygenate [sth] vtr (remove oxygen)去氧；使...脱氧depart [sth] vtr (leave: a place)离开Since departing the country ten years ago, he has never returned.自从十年前离开这个国家，他就再也没回去过。depart from [sth] vi + prep (leave a place)从...离开This train departs from New York at 3:15 pm.火车下午3点15分从纽约离开。depart for [sth] vi + prep (go to a place)出发前往...；启程去...The express train departs for Manchester at 8:00 A.M.高速列车在早上8点出发前往曼切斯特。depart from [sth] vi + prep figurative (deviate)违反；违背；偏离My mom was worried when I didn't show up because she knew it was unusual for me to depart from my normal routine.我没露面，我妈妈很担心，因为她知道对我来说，偏离日常惯例很不寻常。departmentalize [sth], also UK: departmentalise [sth] vtr (sort [sth] into departments)对…进行职能范围（部门、科系）划分depend on doing [sth], depend upon doing [sth] v expr (necessitate doing)取决于Getting a driving licence depends upon passing the written and practical examinations.取得驾照的前提是通过笔试和实际驾驶考试。depend on [sb] to do [sth], depend upon [sb] to do [sth] v expr (rely on [sb] doing [sth])依靠某人做某事；依赖某人做某事I depend on Barbara to drive me to the hospital each week.每周我都要靠芭芭拉开车送我去医院。dependence on [sth/sb] n (reliance)依赖Her dependence on his income made a divorce impossible.dependence on [sth] n (drug, alcohol: addiction)上瘾Dependence on alcohol is a serious disease.dependency on [sth] n (addiction to [sth])依赖于He has not been very successful fighting his dependency on drink.dependent on [sth], dependent upon [sth] adj (requiring [sth])依靠...的；依赖于...的；取决于...的Whether or not the barbecue goes ahead is dependent on the weather.开不开烧烤会取决于天气如何。dependent on [sth] adj + prep (addicted to)对...上瘾的；对...产生依赖性的The patient became dependent on morphine.病人对吗啡产生了依赖性。dependent on [sb] for [sth] adj (rely on [sb] for [sth])在...上依赖...；依靠...做...Elderly people are often dependent on their children or carers for help with their housework and shopping.老年人经常在家务和购物上依赖自己的孩子或护工。depending on [sth] prep (determined by)视...而定；要看；根据Depending on the weather, I may go camping this weekend.根据实际天气状况，我这个周末可能会去露营。depending on [sth] prep (according to)取决于The recipe makes 24 or 30 cookies, depending on size.根据尺寸，这个配方可以做24或30块饼干。depersonalize [sth], also UK: depersonalise vtr mainly US (make [sth] impersonal)去个性化；使...非人化depict [sth] vtr (create a representation)描绘；描画；雕出I like sculptures to depict things that I can recognise.我喜欢那些可以描绘出我认识的事物的雕塑作品。depict [sth] vtr (to describe, represent with words)描述；形容The poet depicted her lover as an epic hero.depilate [sth] vtr (remove the hair from)为…脱毛, 除去…的毛deplete [sth] vtr (use up)耗尽；使...枯竭The hard physical work was starting to deplete Martin's strength.辛苦的体力工作开始慢慢耗尽马丁的力量。deplore [sth] vtr (disapprove strongly of)强烈谴责Krista absolutely deplores drug use.deplore [sth] vtr (regret, lament)遗憾；后悔I deplore the decision I made and wish I could change what happened.deplore [sth] vtr (grieve over)为...感到悲痛；哀悼During the church service, the congregation deplored the loss of their pastor.deploy [sth] vtr (make use of)有效利用，充分利用We must deploy all the strategies available to us if we are to succeed.要想成功，我们必须有效利用所有可用战略。depolarize [sth] vtr US (decrease polarity)使…去极化；消除…的磁性depoliticize [sth], also UK: depoliticise vtr (make apolitical)去政治化；使与政治无关depollute [sth] vtr (clean up pollution in: an area)治理…的污染，清除…的污染depopulate [sth] vtr (cut the population)使人口大幅减少deposit [sth] vtr (place)放；放下；放置The mother deposited the baby in the crib.母亲将婴儿放在摇篮里。deposit [sth] vtr (money: put in bank)储蓄； (金钱)存Peter went to the bank to deposit a cheque.彼得去银行存一张支票。deposit [sth] vtr (place and leave)存放；寄放John deposited his suitcases in a locker at the station.deposit [sth] vtr (coin: insert)投入（硬币）Please deposit the exact change in the machine.deposit [sth] vtr (lay down, throw down)使淤积；使沉积The floods deposited mud in the villagers' homes.deprecate [sth] vtr (disparage, put down)轻视；鄙视；藐视During her hunt for a new place to live, Shawna deprecated every apartment she visited.deprecate [sth] vtr (software: discontinue) (程序)弃用，不建议使用The company decided to deprecate several features.depreciate [sth] vtr (reduce value of)使...贬值Printing too much money depreciates its value.depress [sth] vtr (push down)按下；压下Ben depressed the button and the machine came to life.depress [sth] vtr (slow: economics) (经济)使萧条；使不景气Low-paid jobs and zero-hours contracts are depressing our economy.depressurize [sth], also UK: depressurise [sth] vtr (reduce air pressure)使…减压；使…降压deprive [sb] of [sth] vtr + prep (deny, take away)使某人丧失某物；剥夺某人的某物Parents who deprive their children of affection often end up doing them lasting damage.剥夺自己孩子的爱的父母，常常会给孩子带来长久的伤害。deprive yourself of [sth] v expr (deny yourself [sth])否认deprived of [sth] adj + prep (not provided with [sth])被剥夺，失去...We were deprived of the opportunity to meet the author.我们失去与作者见面的机会。deprived of [sth] adj + prep (having lost [sth])失去Having had polio in his youth, he was deprived of the use of his legs for the rest of his life.他年轻时罹患脊髓灰质炎，之后生活中便无法使用双脚走路。deprived of [sth] adj + prep (lacking, without [sth])缺乏；丧失I felt totally deprived of hope after a year of unemployment.失业一年后，我彻底丧失了希望。the depths of [sth] npl (most severe period)最严重的部分；最强烈的部分；最艰苦的时段Our neighbour's cheerfulness survives even the depth of winter.deracinate [sth] vtr formal (pull up by the roots)把…连根拔起deracinate [sth] vtr figurative (completely remove)根除，消灭It is important to deracinate any group that advocates violence against newcomers.derail [sth] vtr (train: cause to go off rails)出轨An illegal blockade derailed the train.derail [sth] vtr figurative (plan, discussion: disrupt) (比喻，计划等)使…脱离既定进程The freak storm derailed our plans to take a road trip.derate [sth] vtr (device: operate at lower rating)降额定使用；以非最大额定功率运行deregister [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep (remove from: list, etc.)将...从...注销deregister from [sth] vi + prep (remove yourself from: list, etc.)撤销注册deregulate [sth] vtr (free from government control)解除…的管制Some people want to deregulate the postal system.deride [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (ridicule [sb] for [sth])嘲笑Charles Darwin was derided by 19th century clerics for his theory of evolution.derive from [sth] vi + prep (word: develop from) (语言)源自；起源于；来自；从...中衍生The word "deduct" derives from Latin.英文单词“deduct”（推理）起源于拉丁语。derive from [sth] vi + prep (have as origin)从…中获得；得自The company derives from an idea the partners had when they were students.公司采用了合伙人当学生时的想法。derive [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (obtain)从...中取得；从...中提取出The workers derive the cocaine from the leaves of the coca plant.工人们从可可树叶中提取出可卡因。derive [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (gain)从...获得；从...得到Adam derives great satisfaction from writing poetry.诗歌写作给予亚当非常大的满足感。derive [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (conclusion: deduce)从…推断出Sherlock Holmes could derive accurate conclusions about a person from the smallest of clues.夏洛克·福尔摩斯能够从最细微的线索推断出关于一个人的准确结论。desalinate [sth] vtr (remove salt from)从…去除盐分；使脱盐desalinize [sth], also UK: desalinise [sth] vtr (remove salt from)去除...的盐分；使...脱盐desalt [sth] vtr (remove salt from)从…去除盐分；使脱盐descale [sth] vtr (remove limescale from)为…除垢；除去…的水锈；为…去污Shannon scrubbed hard to descale the bathtub.descant on [sth] vi + prep literary (talk at length)详述；长谈In this essay, the philosopher descants on the subject of free will.descend [sth] vtr (go down: stairs, slope)走下；沿着…下来I began to descend the hill and discovered I had no brakes.descend into [sth] vi + prep (enter [sth] by going down)下降进入...If we enter through this tunnel we will descend into a large cavern.descend into [sth] vi + prep figurative (turn to: [sth] less moral)堕入...，陷入...The use of methamphetamines will cause you to descend into a living hell of addiction.descend on [sth/sb] vi + prep figurative (settle on, fall on)降临到...，落到...A blanket of snow descended on the town.descend from [sth/sb] vi + prep (living thing: have evolved from)是…的后裔；自...演化而来All humans descend from a common ancestor.describe [sth] vtr (portray in words)描述；描绘Can you describe what the painting looks like?你可以描述一下那幅画是什么样子的吗？descry [sth] vtr literary (detect, discern) (书面语)从远处发现；从远处看到desecrate [sth] vtr (defile: [sth] sacred) (对圣物、圣地等)亵渎Vandals desecrated the altar during the night.deseed [sth] vtr (food: remove seeds)去...的籽desegregate [sth] vtr (make multi-racial or multi-faith)废除种族隔离deselect [sth] vtr (uncheck: an on-screen option)撤销选定...Deselect this cell, then calculate the total of all of the other cells.desensitize [sb] to [sth], also UK: desensitise [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (make [sb] less sensitive to [sth])使…对…麻木；使…对…不敏感Watching a lot of bloody movies may desensitize you to the shock of violence.desert [sth] vtr military (post: leave without permission) (军队岗位)擅自离开；从…开小差Amid the confusion, the soldier deserted his post.在一片混乱之中，那个士兵擅自离开了自己的岗位。desert [sth] vtr (duties: forsake) (责任、义务等)丢下；放弃She deserted the project.她放弃了那个项目。deserve [sth] vtr (merit) (指好事)应受；应得She deserves a pay rise. She has worked really hard.她应该加工资。她工作真的很努力。deserve [sth] vtr (merit [sth] bad) (指不好的事)应受；该受；活该He deserves to be yelled at for doing what he did!deserve [sth/sb] vtr (be worthy of)值得；应得；配得上My daughter is a wonderful woman. Do you really think you deserve her?我女儿非常优秀，你真的觉得自己配的上她吗？deserving of [sth] adj + prep (meriting, worthy of)值得的The author is deserving of all the recognition he has received.desiccate [sth] vtr (dry out, dehydrate)使…脱水；使…变干燥；风干design [sth] vtr (create blueprint for)画...的设计草图；画草图；打…的图样Who designed the town's new sports centre?镇上的新体育中心是谁设计的？design [sth] vtr (devise)设计；构思She designed a new way of organizing the information.她设计了一种新的整理信息的方法。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。你构思的情节很好。designate [sth] vtr (indicate, denote)指示；标示；表示In some languages, separate pronoun forms designate formality.designate [sth] vtr (mark out)标出；标明The edge of the viewing area is designated with yellow tape.designed for [sb/sth] adj + prep (aimed at, intended for)面向，针对They make films designed for the domestic market.desirable to do [sth] adj (course of action: recommended)可取的It might be desirable to clear up this mess before you make any more.在制作更多东西前先把这一摊清理干净，也许是可取的做法。desire [sth] vtr (want)想要；渴望If you desire it enough, you can learn a new language.如果你的愿望足够强烈，你是可以学会一门新语言的。desirous of [sth] adj formal (wanting)想要…的；渴望得到…的desist from [sth] vi + prep (stop doing [sth])停止；结束The headteacher ordered the pupil to desist from such disruptive behaviour.desist from doing [sth] v expr (stop doing)打消念头…The court ordered the company to desist from trading completely.deskill [sth] vtr (reduce level of skill needed)降低…技术水平的需求despair of [sb/sth] vi + prep (lose hope in [sb], [sth])对...感到绝望；对...不抱希望Brian had dropped out of school and refused to get a job; his parents were starting to despair of him. Sometimes, when I read the papers, I despair of humanity.布莱恩辍了学，拒绝参加工作；他父母开始对他感到绝望了。有时候读报纸上的新闻，让我对人性感到绝望。despair of doing [sth] v expr (lose hope of doing [sth])对...不抱希望；对...感到绝望I despair of ever making Julie see my point of view.我对让朱莉理解我的看法不抱希望。desperate for [sth] adj + prep (person: needing [sth] urgently) (人)极其需要...的，迫切渴望...的The parents of the missing child are desperate for any information on his whereabouts.失踪孩童的父母迫切渴望能得到孩子下落的任何信息。desperate to do [sth] adj (person: urgently wishing to do [sth]) (人)极其需要做...的，迫切渴望做...的Gerald is desperate to find a job.杰拉德迫切渴望找到一份工作。despise [sb/sth] vtr (hate, have contempt for)蔑视；鄙视I despise hypocrisy.我鄙视伪善。despoil [sth/sb] vtr (rob, loot)夺取；抢夺destabilize [sth], also UK: destabilise [sth] vtr (make [sth] unstable)破坏…的稳定；使...不稳定The decaying isotope will destabilize the substance.衰变的同位素会使该物质不稳定。destigmatize [sth/sb], also UK: destigmatise [sb/sth] vtr (remove shame from)去污名；消除耻辱destine [sth] for [sb] vtr + prep (intend, assign)给...指定destine [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (intend, assign)给...指定；给...注定Naomi's looks destined her for a career in fashion modelling.destine [sth] vtr (predetermine)预定destined for [sth] adj (certain to attain)命中注定的She is destined for a career in music; she has the most beautiful voice I have ever heard.destined for [sth/sb] adj (intended)运往…的Most of the wine produced here is destined for export.destined to do [sth] adj (certain to do)注定This talented young man is destined to make a name for himself in the music business.destined for [sth] adj (heading, bound)前往某地的；开往某地的；运往某地的The train on platform six is destined for Paris.destitute of [sth] adj + prep (lacking in [sth])缺乏…的；没有…的After hearing so many sorry excuses, the teacher was destitute of sympathy for his students.destroy [sth] vtr (demolish physically)摧毁；拆毁The earthquake destroyed all the buildings on this block.地震摧毁了这个区域的所有建筑。destroy [sth] vtr (ruin, spoil)破坏；毁灭；破灭It destroyed any idea he had of going to college.他上大学的任何想法都因此而毁灭了。destroy [sth] vtr (confidence, reputation: wreck) (名声、信誉等)破坏，损坏The scandal destroyed the politician's reputation.那件丑闻破坏了政客的声誉。destroy [sth] vtr (animal: euthanize) (对动物)以人道的方式杀死，人道毁灭Their dog was destroyed by a police marksman.他们的狗被一位狙击警察人道毁灭了。destruct [sth] vtr mainly US (destroy)毁坏；破坏The tornado destructed much of the town.detach [sth] vtr (remove, separate)拆卸；使分开John detached the slip at the bottom of the letter and sent it back with his payment.detach [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (disconnect)使…与…分开；将…与…分离When they got to the campsite, Sue detached the caravan from the car.detach [sth/sb] vtr (military: send on mission) (军事)派遣The commander detached a plane to search for survivors.detach yourself from [sth] v expr (no longer be involved)让自己从…抽离detail [sth] vtr (report fully)详细阐述；详细描述Please detail all the problems in the report.detail [sth] vtr (list)详细地列举She detailed the issues one by one.detail [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (assign [sth/sb] to do [sth])派；派遣detail [sth] vtr (car: clean thoroughly) (汽车)彻底清洗Leah decided to detail her car before selling it.detect [sth] vtr (machine: find) (机械)测出；检测出；探测出The security scanner detected a metallic object in the passenger's luggage.安检扫描仪在那位乘客的行李中探测出了一个金属物体。detect [sth] vtr (notice, perceive)发现；感到；闻到Glenn detected the smell of gas. I detected a note of pity in the old lady's voice.格伦闻到了汽油的气味。我在那位老妇人的语气中感到了一丝怜悯的意味。detect [sb] doing [sth] v expr (catch [sb] in the act of)当场发现；当场抓住I couldn't understand why I kept losing, then I detected my partner cheating.deter [sth] vtr (crime, act: discourage)震慑；威慑住Some people believe the death penalty deters crime.有的人相信，死刑能震慑犯罪分子。deter [sb] from doing [sth] v expr (discourage from doing)吓得...不敢做...；使...不敢做...The large dog deterred trespassers from entering the property.那条大狗吓得侵犯者不敢进这处房地。determine [sth] vtr (outcome: decide)是…的决定因素；影响；决定This round will determine which contestants go through to the final.这一局将决定哪些选手能够晋级决赛。determine to do [sth] v expr (resolve to do)下定决心...；决意...It was then that Julia determined to swim the English Channel.茱莉亚就是在那时决意游泳横渡英吉利海峡的。determine [sth] vtr (ascertain, calculate)测定；推定；计算How do you determine the value of an artwork?一件艺术作品的价值该怎么计算？determine [sth] vtr (decide upon, define)规定；设定The club determines the rules by which it expects its members to adhere.俱乐部规定了会员必须遵守的规则。determine [sth] vtr (control)支配；对...起决定作用Demand usually determines supply.需求通常支配着供给。determined to do [sth] adj (firmly resolved to)下定决心的；决意做...的Robert is determined to finish his work by Friday.罗伯特下定决心要在周五前完工。detest [sth/sb] vtr (dislike intensely)厌恶；极其讨厌；厌憎I detest chicken because it's all we ever ate at home.detest [sth/sb] vtr (hate, abhor)憎恨；憎恶It's not healthy for you to detest someone so strongly.detonate [sth] vtr (set off: an explosive)使…爆炸；引爆This button will detonate the bomb.detoxify [sth], detoxicate [sth] vtr (purify, remove toxins from)解毒；除去…的有毒物质detract attention from [sth] v expr (distract people from [sth])分散对...的注意力detract [sb]'s attention from [sth] v expr (distract [sb] from [sth])分散...对...的注意力Stop trying to detract our attention from what's really important.detrain [sb/sth] vtr (remove from a train)从火车上卸下detrimental to [sb/sth] adj + prep (bad for)对...不利的；对...有害的The scandal was detrimental to the politician's career.那件丑闻对那位政客的政治生涯不利。devaluate [sth] vtr (devalue, lower value of [sth])使…贬值；降低...的价值devalue [sth] vtr figurative (underappreciate)贬值The artist never got the recognition he deserved, and his work was devalued after his death.devalue [sth] vtr (currency: lower the value of) (货币)使…贬值The government is trying to artificially devalue the currency.devastate [sth] vtr (destroy)彻底摧毁；毁灭The tornado devastated an entire neighbourhood.develop [sth] vtr (improve: skills) (技能)改善, 提高The teacher helped students develop their creative writing skills.老师帮助学生们提高文学创作技能。develop [sth] vtr (object, process: improve)发展，进一步开发，改良，改进He developed the computer programme to the level of sophistication it has today.他将该电脑程序发展到了今天这样的精密程度。develop [sth] vtr (illness)得（病）；患（病）I developed a cold over the weekend.我周末感冒了。develop [sth] vtr (construction)建设；修建；开发They developed this whole area just in the last ten years.过去短短十年间，他们就完成了这整片区域的开发。develop [sth] vtr (create: object, process)发明；创造；开创She developed a new method for teaching foreign languages.她开创了一种外语教学的新方法。develop [sth] vtr (film: process)冲印；使显影Digital cameras have no film that needs to be developed at a store.数字相机不用胶片，也不用去商店洗照片。develop [sth] vtr (problem: start having) (指问题)开始出现，开始显现The car developed a rattling noise.After the harsh winter, the paving developed a number of potholes.汽车开始出现了异响问题。// 严酷的冬季过去后，道路上开始出现许多坑洞。develop [sth] vtr (musical theme) (音乐主题)展开The composer developed the theme, with the woodwinds following the strings.develop [sth] vtr (interest, liking: start to have)逐渐产生（兴趣）During retirement she developed an interest in beekeeping.退休期间，她对养蜂逐渐产生了兴趣。develop into [sth/sb] vi + prep (become, evolve to be)深入探索Shaun has developed into an excellent tennis player.deviate from [sth] vi + prep (stray from: a course) (道路)偏离Jan decided to deviate from the path and walk on the beach.deviate from [sth] vi + prep (not conform to [sth] usual) (指偏离常规)偏离，不符合The chef deviated from the traditional recipe by adding further ingredients.deviate from [sth] vi + prep (digress from: a topic)偏离The professor deviated from his lesson plan.devil [sth] vtr (food: prepare with spices) (食物)用调料做...，往...放调味品I'm devilling an egg for lunch.我往鸡蛋里放调味品做成午饭吃。devise [sth] vtr (invent: idea, plan)设计；策划The prisoner devised an escape plan.那个囚犯设计了一个越狱计划。devitalize [sth] vtr US (make [sth] less energetic, lively)使失去生机；使失去活力devoice [sth], devocalise [sth], devocalize [sth] vtr (phonetics: make voiceless)使...变清音，使...清化devoid of [sth] adj + prep (lacking, without)没有；缺乏What Richard wrote is devoid of any interest.理查德写的东西缺乏让人感兴趣的地方。devolve [sth] vtr (delegate: duty, power) (职权)转交, 移交, 下放The government is thinking of devolving some powers to the provinces.devolve to [sb/sth], devolve on [sb/sth], devolve upon [sb/sth] vi + prep formal (be transferred)转让；交给devolve into [sth] vi + prep (become: [sth] worse)恶化成为devote [sth] to [sth/sb] vtr + prep (time, money, etc.: give) (时间、金钱等)把某物专用于...；把某物献给...Lucy devoted all her energy to making sure her business venture was a success.露西把自己所有的精力都献给了她的生意，确保自己的生意能取得成功。devote yourself to [sth/sb] v expr (dedicate yourself)将自己奉献给...My mother devoted herself to her children.我母亲把自己奉献给了孩子们。devote yourself to doing [sth] v expr (put all your energy into)献身于；全心致力于After his wife's death from cancer, he devoted himself to fundraising for cancer charities.妻子死于癌症之后，他全心致力于为癌症慈善机构筹集善款。devote your life to [sth/sb] v expr (be totally committed: to a cause)献身于；全心致力Jeremy devoted his life to a vain cause.devoted to [sth] adj + prep (loyal to [sth])忠诚于…的；忠实于…的Alison is devoted to her friendship with Emma.艾莉森忠实于自己与艾玛的友谊。devoted to [sth/sb] adj + prep (committed)献身于，致力于；对...坚定的，对...专注的In spite of his parents' conservative outlook, Bob was devoted to liberal social causes.即便自己父母观念保守，鲍勃还是致力于自由主义的社会事业。devoted to [sth/sb] adj + prep (focused on [sth], [sb]'s work)专心于；致力于Alice is devoted to her work as a paediatrician.爱丽丝致力于儿科医生工作。devoted to [sth] adj + prep (religiously faithful)对...虔诚的The priest is devoted to the church.devotion to [sth] n (dedication: to a task)专心His devotion to the task enabled him to finish it in only two days.devotion to [sth] n (commitment: to a cause)奉献The movement depends entirely on its members' devotion to the cause.devour [sth] vtr (eat up)大吃，狂吃，狼吞虎咽；吃光，吃完，吃掉She devoured the whole bag of cookies at one sitting.devour [sth] vtr figurative (take in eagerly) (比喻)急切地吸收，狼吞虎咽We devoured every piece of news we could find about the wreck.devour [sth] vtr figurative (destroy) (比喻)挥霍掉，耗光，耗尽；毁灭，毁掉，蚕食掉Fire has devoured 500 acres of the forest.dewater [sth] vtr (remove water from)使脱水diagnose [sth] vtr (illness: determine) (病情)诊断A team of doctors diagnosed the cancer yesterday.diagnose [sb] with [sth] vtr (identify condition in)诊断They diagnosed her with attention deficit disorder.diagnose [sth] vtr (identify: problem) (问题)判断…的原因，分析调查…的原因A business consultant was brought in to diagnose the situation.diagram [sth] vtr (make a diagram of) (图表)绘制The researchers diagrammed the results of the survey.dial [sth] vtr (phone)拨（电话号码）；打电话给George dialled Fred's number and heard it ring.乔治拨了弗莱德的电话，听到电话接通了。dial [sth] vtr (use a dial)用拨号盘拨出The bank manager dialled the numbers on the safe.diamond anniversary of [sth] n (celebration: 60 years)…的 60周年纪念The diamond anniversary of the Modern Olympic Games was held in Melbourne in 1956.dibble [sth] vtr (make holes in: ground)在...挖洞dice [sth] vtr (cooking: cut into cubes) (肉、菜等)将...切成丁Adam diced the onion and fried it in the oil.亚当把洋葱切成丁，放进油里炸。dictate [sth] vtr (terms: prescribe) (条款等)规定；指定The consultant tried to dictate the terms of payment.dictate [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (terms: prescribe)规定We are not in a position to dictate terms to the administration.dictate [sth] vtr (letter: say aloud)口述；口授Carol dictated the words, and her friend wrote them down.dictate [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (letter: say aloud)口述She dictated the letter to her secretary, who later typed it.diddle [sb] out of [sth] v expr often passive, slang (cheat, con)骗走某人某物；骗取某人某物Sophia was diddled out of two thousand dollars in a money transfer scam.diddle with [sth] vi + prep informal (tamper or fiddle with [sth])不停摆弄；胡乱操作My tablet won't connect to the wifi since you diddled with the settings!我的平板电脑无法连上wifi，因为你乱改设置！die of [sth] vi + prep (be killed by: illness, etc.)死于；因…而死Joe's grandfather died of a heart attack last Friday.上个周五，乔的祖父因心脏病发作而死。die for [sth/sb] vi + prep (give your life for a cause, person)为…而死I love my children so much, I would die for them.我很爱我的孩子们，我甚至可以为了他们而死。die [sth] vtr (suffer a given kind of death)死于He died a painful death.他死得很痛苦。die [sth] vtr (shape or stamp with die)用模具制作；用模具浇铸die-cast [sth] vtr (make by molding metal)以印模压铸的；压铸的The factory die-casts the parts in aluminium.工厂用铝压铸配件。differ from [sth/sb] vi + prep (not be like)与…不同；不同于…This candidate differs from all the others.differ in [sth] vi + prep (be different in terms of)在...上不同；在...方面有所区别Children and adults differ in size and in ability.difference [sth] vtr (make different)使出现差异different from [sth/sb] adj + prep (not like)不同于…；和…不同；和…不一样My father's views on politics are different from mine.different than [sth/sb] adj + prep mainly US, colloquial (different from)不同于；和…不同；和…不一样different to [sth/sb] adj + prep UK, colloquial (different from)不同于…；和…不同；和…不一样differentiate [sth] vtr (distinguish [sth])区别，区分；鉴别Infants learn to differentiate the sounds used in whatever language they hear.differentiate [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (see difference)区分…和…，将…与…区分开Many English people cannot differentiate a Yorkshire accent from a Lancashire accent.differentiate between [sth] and [sth] vi + prep (see difference)区别…与…It can be hard to differentiate between a severe panic attack and a heart attack.differentiate yourself from [sth/sb] vtr (prove yourself unlike)使自己有别于How would you differentiate yourself from the six other people who have applied for this job?diffract [sth] vtr (physics: cause to bend) (物理)使衍射；使绕射diffuse [sth] vtr (light: soften)使柔和Lace curtains diffused the harsh light of the sun.diffuse [sth] vtr (disperse, scatter)扩散Winds quickly diffused the cloud of smoke.dig [sth] vtr (remove, turn up: soil)在…里挖土；挖…的土The gardener is digging the vegetable plot.园丁正在给菜圃翻土。dig [sth] vtr (make a hole, trench, etc.)挖The puppy dug a hole and buried the bone.小狗挖了个洞，把骨头埋了进去。dig for [sth] vi + prep (excavate, search)挖掘；发掘The pirate dug for the hidden treasure.海盗在挖掘埋藏的宝藏。dig for [sth] vi + prep figurative (try to obtain, elicit [sth])探究；探寻It's a tabloid reporter's job to dig for scandalous information.探寻丑闻花边是小报记者的工作。dig [sth] vtr dated, slang (enjoy) (俚语，过时用语)欣赏，领会，理解I really dig disco music.dig [sth] vtr (mine: coal)开采；采掘Miners have been digging coal here for decades.矿工已经在这里采了几十年的煤。dig deep to do [sth] vi + adv figurative (summon strength)奋力；竭力The runner had to dig deep to maintain his lead.dig [sth] out, dig out [sth] vtr + prep (remove from the ground)把…挖出来Start transplanting the tree by digging out its whole root ball.移栽植物的过程是从把它完整的根团挖出来开始的。dig out from under [sth] v expr US, figurative (complete accumulated tasks) (积压的任务)把…完成Once I've dug out from under this backlog of paperwork, you and I will celebrate by going out to lunch.dig [sth] out from under [sth] v expr (clear accumulated disorder, dirt)把…的…清理干净；理清…的…混乱，平息…的…动乱They had to dig their boat out from under the mud left by the flood.digest [sth] vtr (stomach: process) (食物等)消化Some people have trouble digesting rich foods.digest [sth] vtr (understand) (比喻)领会，领悟，理解，消化Ellen tried to digest all the information she was given on her first day in her new job.digitalize [sth], digitize [sth], also UK: digitalise [sth], digitise [sth] vtr (convert to digital form)把...数字化I spent my weekend digitizing old family photos.digitalize [sth/sb], also UK: digitalise [sth/sb] vtr (medical: administer digitalis)给（病人）服用洋地黄dignify [sth] vtr (make appear honourable)使有威严；使高贵I have no intention of dignifying your suspicions by taking them seriously.dilate [sth] vtr (open up, make expand)扩张The eye doctor used a special fluid to dilate the patient's pupils.a dilly of [sth] n US, informal ([sth] outstanding or remarkable)出色的..., 极好的...dilute [sth] vtr (make more watery)稀释You can have a little wine, but I'm going to dilute it first.dilute [sth] with [sth] vtr (make more watery)稀释Dilute the chicken broth with some water to make it less salty.dilute [sth] vtr figurative (make less effective) (比喻)削弱, 使效用降低Grapefruit dilutes the effects of many medications.dim [sth] vtr (lights: make less bright) (光线)使暗淡，使昏暗，使微弱，调暗Hoping for a romantic evening, Helen dimmed the lights.海伦希望拥有一个浪漫的晚上，所以调暗了灯光。dimerize [sth], also UK: dimerise [sth] vtr (form one molecule of two)使二聚diminish [sth] vtr (lessen, make smaller)使变弱；使减弱；削弱Time will not diminish our friendship.时间不会削弱我们的友谊。diminish [sb/sth] vtr (belittle)轻视；看不起Don't diminish his efforts; he's doing his best.dimple [sth] vtr (cause dimples in: face)使露出酒窝A smile dimpled her face.dimple [sth] vtr (put dimples in: metal)在...挖埋头孔The worker dimpled the metal sheet.din [sth] into [sb] vtr (say repeatedly)向...唠叨；对...不停地说Our teacher dinned the times table into us.dine on [sth], dine off [sth] vi + prep (eat for dinner)吃...作为晚餐The guests dined on venison.ding [sth] vtr informal (dent)使产生凹痕；挫伤，损伤I dinged my car door with a shopping cart today.dink [sth] vtr (strike: a ball)踢...，打...dip [sth] vtr (immerse in liquid)将…浸入Alan tested the temperature of the water by dipping his toe.艾伦把脚趾浸入水中来测试水温。dip [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep (immerse in liquid)把...浸泡到...里Emily dipped the shirt in the hot water.艾米丽把衬衣浸泡到热水中。dip [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (immerse in liquid)把...浸入...里Elizabeth dipped her toes into the water to feel how cold it was.伊丽莎白把脚指头浸入水中，来感觉下水到底有多冷。dip [sth] vtr (lower and raise again)（暂时）降下The soldier dipped the flag in salute.士兵行点旗礼。dip [sth] vtr (animals: immerse in pesticide)给...泡药浴消毒杀虫The farmer dips his sheep twice a year.那位农民每年给羊泡两次药浴以杀虫。dip [sth] vtr (headlights: switch to low beam)将（车灯）从远光调为近光Lisa dipped her lights when she saw another car coming towards her.看到另一辆车相向驶来，丽莎关闭远光灯，改用近光灯。diphthongize [sth], also UK: diphthongise [sth] vtr (change vowel into diphthong)使…双元音化，使…复元音化，使…双重母音化direct [sth] at [sb] vtr (aim, target)将某物瞄准某人；将某物对准某人The marketing campaign was directed at young women.营销活动瞄准的是年轻女性。direct [sth/sb] vtr (manage)管理；指挥The CEO directed the company.公司由首席执行官管理。direct [sth] vtr (theatre, music: lead) (乐团等)指挥； (戏剧、电影等)导演He directed the orchestra.他指挥交响乐团。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。他导演的那部电影获得了大奖。direct [sth] at [sb] vtr + prep (address in speech)为...进行 (演说)The politician directed his speech at undecided voters.direct [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (address: a letter, package) (邮件等)将...寄给To whom shall I direct the letter?direct [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (aim: remarks) (评论等)把…针对You should direct your criticisms to the person responsible.你应该批评那个该负责任的人。direct [sth] vtr (play, film)导演Who directed "Gone with the Wind"?《飘》这部电影是谁导演的？direct [sb], direct [sb] to [sth] vtr (give directions)给…指示方向；为…指路Can you please direct me to the museum?你能告诉我博物馆在哪个方向吗？direct [sb/sth] away from [sth] v expr (point in different direction)引导…绕过The police were directing traffic away from the street where they were repairing the gas leak.direct [sb] to do [sth] v expr (command)指挥某人做某事；指示某人做某事The man directed his children to clean the house.direct [sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (guide, instruct)在（某个方面）为…提供指导The trainer directed her in the best way to lift weights.direct [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (address in speech)对…讲（话）The professor directed his comments to the two noisy girls in the back of the classroom.direct access, direct access to [sth] n (without intervening places)直接接入…的通道A gate at the end of the garden gives direct access to the beach.direct attention to [sth/sb], direct [sb]'s attention to [sth/sb] v expr (attract notice, highlight)使…密切注意；将注意力引向I'd like to direct your attention to the graph at the top of Page 5 in the report.我想将大家的注意力引向报告第5页顶部的图表。be directed to do [sth] v expr (be instructed)被指示做某事，被要求做某事，被吩咐做某事I was directed to fill out the form.dirty [sth] vtr (make [sth] dirty)把...弄脏He dirtied the water by stepping in it.dirty [sth] vtr (baby: poop) (指婴儿)拉屎弄脏Has the baby dirtied his pants again?宝宝又拉脏裤子了吗？dis [sb/sth], diss [sb/sth] vtr slang (disrespect: speak ill of) (俚语)贬损；贬低Mark's always dissing this place, but I think they make a great hoagie.disable [sth] vtr (make not work)使...不能正常运转；使...无效；弄坏；关闭The burglar disabled the alarm before breaking the window.打碎窗户前，劫匪弄坏了警铃。disabuse [sb] of [sth] vtr (disillusion, enlighten)使某人对...醒悟；让某人在...上觉醒The reality of the situation disabused Carl of his dreams of living abroad.disaffiliate [sth] vtr (disassociate)脱离；断绝与…的关系disaffiliate with [sth/sb] vi + prep (end a connection with [sth/sb])与...脱离关系；退出...disafforest [sth] vtr (remove trees from)砍去（某地的）树木；砍…的树disafforest [sth] vtr UK (stop applying forest law to)取消森林法对…的保护disagree with [sb] about [sth] v expr (not agree)不同意（某人）对（某事）的看法Alison disagreed with Mike about the best way to discipline their daughter.在如何最好地教育女儿这个问题上，艾莉森不同意麦克的看法。disagree with [sth] vi + prep (consider wrong)不认同；不赞同I disagree with corporal punishment.我不赞同体罚。disagree with [sth] vi + prep figurative (not correspond)与…不一致；与…不相符Your conclusion disagrees with the facts.你的结论与事实不相符。disallow [sth] vtr (refuse, veto)驳回；不接受The photographer disallowed the use of props for the photo shoot.disambiguate [sth] vtr (narrow down meaning)消除…的歧义disappoint [sth] vtr (defeat fulfilment of)使破灭；使落空The failure of her business disappointed Sally's hopes of a better life.be disappointed with [sth] adj (dissatisfied with [sth])对某事失望的I was disappointed with his performance.我对他的表现很失望。disapprove of [sth/sb] vi + prep (consider bad, unsuitable)不赞成；不认同Ella disapproves of her son's new friends.disapprove [sth] vtr (reject, not allow)否决；否定；反对The president disapproved the bill at the last minute, and it did not pass.disarm [sth] vtr (explosive device: make safe) (炸弹)拆除…的引信，消除…的杀伤力The technician, dressed in a thick protective suit, disarmed the explosive device.disarrange [sth] vtr (make untidy)弄凌乱；使杂乱disassemble [sth] vtr (take apart)分解；分开；拆解The soldiers learned how to disassemble their weapons.disassemble [sth] vtr (computing: translate program) (计算机)反汇编disavow [sth] vtr (disown, deny)背弃；否认；放弃Ian eventually disavowed his racist beliefs.disband [sth] vtr (break up, split)解散；使解体The government disbanded the corrupt committee.disbelieve [sth] vtr (not believe, think untrue)不相信；怀疑；不信I disbelieve anything that Patrick tells me because he is a habitual liar.disburse [sth] vtr (distribute, pay out)支付，支出The treasurer will disburse the money for the project at the end of the month.disburse [sth] to [sb] vtr (distribute, pay out)支付The university disburses stipends to qualifying students every month.disburse [sth] vtr (scatter, disperse)分布；撒出The heavy winds disbursed the dandelion seeds all over the fields.discard [sth] vtr (throw out)抛弃；丢弃；扔掉We discarded some old clothes.我们扔掉了一些旧衣服。discard [sth] vtr (idea, data) (想法、数据等)抛弃；废弃；放弃The board considered Daisy's idea, but in the end they discarded it in favour of something else.董事会进行了考虑，但最后还是放弃了黛西的意见，另选了其他。discard [sth] vtr (cards) (纸牌)打出，丢出I discarded a couple of low hearts from my hand.discern [sth] vtr (tell the difference between)区别；识别；分别Because of the dim light, it was impossible to discern whether it was a man or a woman.discern [sth] vtr (see, perceive)察觉出；看出Greta could discern a shape in the fog.discharge [sth] vtr (fire: a gun) (枪等)发射，开火The soldier discharged his weapon.士兵开了火。discharge [sth] vtr (release: electricity)放（电）The battery discharged electricity.电池能放电。discharge [sth] vtr (carry out: duties)履行；完成Julian is a good employee who has always discharged his duties to a very high standard.朱利安是一位很不错的员工，总是以最高标准完成自己的任务。discharge [sth] vtr (pour out)流出；排出The tanker was discharging thousands of gallons of oil into the sea.成千上万加仑的油从油船上流出，进入了大海。discharge [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep (release from military service)使...从...退役；使...从...退伍The commanding officer discharged the soldier from military service.指挥官使那名士兵从兵役中退役。discharge [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep (release from prison)释放...出狱The parole board discharged the man from prison.假释委员会决定释放该囚犯。discharge [sth] vtr (unload)从…上卸货；卸（货）The workers on the dock were discharging the ship.discharge [sth] vtr (pay off: a debt)偿清；彻底偿还With this final payment, Linda has discharged her debt.discipline [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (reprimand: an employee for [sth])因...惩戒...；就...训诫...The boss disciplined Gareth for always being late to work.discipline yourself, discipline yourself to do [sth] vtr + refl (train yourself to do [sth])训练自己做In order to do well in the marathon race, Frank had learned to discipline himself to hold a sustainable pace.disclaim [sth] vtr (deny validity)否认；拒绝承认The witness disclaimed his earlier testimony.disclaim [sth] vtr (disown) (财产等)放弃对...的所有权He disclaimed responsibility for the damage caused by his dog.disclose [sth] vtr (reveal: secret) (秘密等)说出；揭露；透露After hours of questioning, the robber finally disclosed the hiding place where he had left the stolen jewels.几个小时的审讯后，劫匪终于说出了自己藏偷来的珠宝的地点。disclose [sth] vtr (reveal: legal) (法律)披露；公开The prosecution disclosed the evidence it had against the accused.控方披露了对被告不利的证据。discolor [sth] (US), discolour [sth] (UK) vtr (tinge, stain)使变色；使褪色；使脱色The hard water discolored the side of the house.disconnect [sth] vtr (unplug) (水、电、煤气等)切断Ann didn't want to be disturbed, so she disconnected the phone.disconnect from [sth] vi + prep (log off from)断开和...的连接Click here to disconnect from the server.discontinue [sth] vtr (stop)中止；终止The train service to our town has been discontinued.discontinue [sth] vtr (stop manufacturing)停止…的生产；使停产I think they discontinued that model years ago.discount [sth] vtr (deduct from price) (价格、费用等)打折；给折扣The restaurant discounted 10% from the bill.这家饭店打九折。这家饭店给大家10%的折扣。discount [sth] vtr (reduce price)打折卖The store discounted the item down to half the original price.discount [sth] vtr (not consider, not take seriously)对…不予考虑；忽视The professor completely discounts every argument suggested by a woman.discount [sth] vtr (finance)将…贴现The bond trader discounts the face amount when quoting prices.discourage [sb] from doing [sth] v expr (dissuade)劝阻...不要做...；阻止...做..Jane did her best to discourage her friend from drinking too much.珍尽全力劝阻自己的朋友，不要喝太多酒。discourse about [sth] vi + prep (discuss)讨论discover [sth/sb] vtr (find [sth], [sb])找到；发现The boys discovered a treasure chest on the island.孩子们在岛上发现了宝藏。discover [sth] vtr (learn about [sth])发现；发觉Yesterday she discovered the world of online forums.昨天，她发现了网上论坛世界。discredit [sth] vtr (prove untrue)证明…是假的；证明…不可信；证伪I can discredit every one of their statements with evidence.discriminate between [sth] and [sth] vi + prep (differentiate between things)区别；区分；辨别It's hard to discriminate between the individual cells.discriminate [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (differentiate things)辨别It's hard to discriminate this flower from its close relative.discuss [sth] vtr (talk about)讨论；谈论They discussed politics for an hour.他们谈论了一个小时政治。discuss [sth] with [sb] vtr + prep (talk about with)和…讨论；与…探讨Peter agreed to discuss the matter with his father.彼得同意和父亲讨论这件事。discuss [sth] vtr (speech, article: be about) (演讲、文章中)探讨，讨论This article discusses the death penalty.这篇文章对死刑进行了探讨。discuss [sth] further v expr (talk more about)进一步讨论；深入讨论Parents can arrange a meeting with the school to discuss the matter further.disdain [sth] vtr formal (consider unworthy)不屑于；蔑视；轻视I would not disdain a quick conversation with her.我不是不屑于与她交谈。disembowel [sb/sth] vtr (gut, eviscerate)取出…的内脏；除去…的内脏The wolf disembowelled several ewes.disengage [sth] vtr (undo, release)松开；放开；使分开Disengage the parking brake before you try to accelerate.disengage from [sth] vi + prep (end involvement in)与...脱离The army announced today that they are going to disengage from the contested city.disengage yourself from [sth] v expr (physically free yourself from)使自己从...中摆脱Leah tried to disengage herself from the tangle of branches.disengage yourself from [sth] v expr (end involvement in)不再参与；摆脱；脱离Linda had to disengage herself from the project due to a family emergency.disentangle [sth] vtr (untangle)解开…的结Fred always struggles to disentangle his headphone cords.disentangle [sth] vtr (extricate: [sth])使脱离；使摆脱Karen couldn't disentangle the gum from her hair.disentangle yourself from [sth/sb] vtr + refl figurative (end involvement in [sth])摆脱纠纷；摆脱麻烦Alan was unable to disentangle himself from his family's problems.disestablish [sth] vtr (deprive of established status)废除；废止disesteem [sth/sb] vtr (hold in low regard)轻视；看低disfavor [sth] (US), disfavour [sth] (UK) vtr (disapprove of [sth])不赞成...disgorge [sth] vtr (vomit)呕吐出；吐出；排出disgorge [sth] vtr (discharge)排出...；放出...disguise [sth/sb] as [sth/sb] vtr (alter appearance)将…假扮成，将…装扮成，将…伪装成The army disguised the soldiers as ordinary villagers.部队将士兵伪装成普通村民。disguise [sth] vtr (conceal)隐瞒；隐藏The con man disguised his true intentions.那个骗子隐瞒了自己的真实意图。disguised as [sth] adj (pretending to be)伪装成…；假装成…The FBI agent showed up disguised as an interested buyer.dish [sth] vtr (serve food)为…上菜The cafeteria worker dished the mashed potatoes onto the tray.dish [sth] vtr (make concave)做成凹形；呈凹形dishevel [sth] vtr (hair: make untidy) (头发)使...凌乱, 使...蓬乱dishful of [sth] n (serving of food in a dish)一盘，一碟disillusioned by [sth], disillusioned with [sth] adj + prep (disappointed by [sth])对...非常失望的；对于...幻想破灭的Many school leavers are disillusioned by the lack of opportunities open to them.disincline [sb] to do [sth] vtr (make less willing)使不情愿；使无意于；使不愿意disinfect [sth] vtr (cleanse of germs)给…消毒Allie carefully disinfected the kitchen after every meal.disinfest [sth] vtr (clear of vermin)消灭害虫disinter [sth/sb] vtr figurative (reclaim from obscurity)使...重现；使...复活disjoin [sth] vtr (separate)使…分离，使…分开disjoint [sth] vtr (dislocate, pull apart)使脱臼；使断开dislike [sth/sb] vtr (not like)不喜欢；讨厌David dislikes his job and is looking for another one.大卫不喜欢自己的工作，正在寻找新的工作。dislocate [sth] vtr (displace: a joint)使脱臼Marley dislocated his shoulder during football practice.dislocate [sth] vtr (put out of place)使骨头或关节脱臼I accidentally dislocated the table leg when I bumped into it.dislodge [sth/sb] vtr (remove)移走；移除；弄掉Tony was having trouble dislodging a piece of popcorn from his teeth.托尼牙齿里卡了一片爆米花，一直弄不掉。dismantle [sth] vtr (take apart)拆除, 拆卸；拆开, 拆散Engineers began to dismantle the ship last week.dismast [sth] vtr (break a ship's masts)折断...的桅杆dismember [sb/sth] vtr (remove limbs)肢解"I think they should dismember the person who committed that grisly murder!" a man angrily exclaimed.dismiss [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep (sack, fire: an employee)从（某岗位）上开除（某人）The board of governors dismissed Ellen from her job as school secretary because of her poor timekeeping.由于不守时，校董事会革除了艾伦作为学校秘书的职务。dismiss [sth] vtr (reject: idea) (想法)不予考虑，拒绝考虑，不接受Tim is tired of the boss dismissing all his ideas.蒂姆所有的主意老板都不予考虑，让他觉得很烦。dismiss [sth] vtr (throw out: a legal case) (法律)驳回，不受理The judge dismissed the case due to lack of evidence.dismiss [sb] as [sth] vtr + prep (disregard, not take seriously)把（某人）当做不需要严肃对待的...The police dismissed the caller as a time-waster.警察认为打电话来的人就是在浪费他的时间，于是草草打发了事。dismiss [sth] vtr (disregard, not take seriously)不顾及；不考虑；不把...当回事The politician has dismissed rumours of his affair.那名政客不把关于自己绯闻的流言蜚语当回事儿。dismiss [sth] as [sth] vtr + prep (disregard, not take seriously)把（某事）当做不需要严肃对待的...At first the editor dismissed the story as a rumor.最初，编辑把这条新闻当成了谣言，没把它当回事儿。dismiss [sth/sb] from your mind v expr (give no more thought to)不再想某事；将...抛诸脑后I quickly dismissed the idea from my mind.我很快将那个想法抛诸了脑后。dismiss [sth] out of hand v expr (disregard)不假思索地丢弃I know it sounds like a conspiracy theory, but I beg you not to dismiss it out of hand.be dismissive of [sth/sb] v expr (treat with disdain)瞧不起；蔑视The professor is often dismissive of first year students.You wouldn't be so dismissive of the education tax if you had children in school.dismount [sth] vtr (remove [sth] from its base, support, etc.)拆卸We dismounted the entire apparatus and moved it into a different room.disobey [sth] vtr (rule, order: not follow)不服从；不遵从It's dangerous to disobey traffic warning signs.disorder [sth] vtr (mess up)弄乱；使凌乱Karen saw that the cleaner had disordered the papers on her desk again.卡伦看见，清洁工又把她桌子上的纸弄乱了。disorder [sth] vtr (cause problems with function)使混乱；使紊乱The shock disordered Paul's mind.disorganize [sth], also UK: disorganise [sth] vtr (disarrange, make [sth] chaotic)使…混乱；使…无序disparage [sth] vtr (speak badly of)批评George did nothing but disparage the play all evening.dispatch [sb] to do [sth], despatch v expr (employee: send to do)指派某人做某事；安排某人做某事Rose dispatched her assistant to deal with the delivery.罗斯安排自己的助手去处理递送事宜。dispatch [sth], despatch vtr (item: send)发出；发送The seller should dispatch the goods today.卖家今天就会发出货来。dispatch [sth] to [sb], despatch vtr + prep (item: send)把...发送给We will be dispatching your purchases to you tomorrow.我们明天就把货发送给您。dispatch [sth] vtr (deal with quickly)快速处理；加速解决Adam dispatched all his work by lunchtime so that he could take the afternoon off.dispel [sth] vtr (scatter, disperse)驱散The sunlight soon dispelled the dense fog.阳光驱散了浓雾。dispel [sth] vtr (banish: doubt, fear) (恐惧、疑虑等)消除；打消A phone call from her would dispel all my fears.她的一通电话就能打消我的所有忧惧。dispense [sth] vtr (distribute)分配；将…发给The charity dispensed the money to the most needy.dispense [sth] vtr (vending machine: distribute)分配；分售；分发There's a vending machine in the lobby that dispenses cold drinks and snacks.dispense [sth] vtr (pharmacist: give out medication) (药品)配发, 配给When your doctor gives you a prescription, you have to take it to the pharmacy and the pharmacist will dispense the medicine.dispense [sth] vtr (offer: suggestions, etc.) (建议等)分享；提供Josh was tired of his parents dispensing suggestions as to how he should live his life.dispense [sth] vtr (give out, allot)执行；施行The courts have to dispense the law without bias.dispense [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep formal (exempt)使免除；使免去Winning the lottery dispensed Julie from ever having to work again.disperse [sth] vtr (spread: information) (信息等)传播，散布The rap star's former assistant was responsible for dispersing the news of his affair.disperse [sth] vtr (spray, spread: gas, etc.) (气体等)驱散，使消散The exterminator dispersed a chemical to kill insects all over the building.disperse [sth] vtr (chemistry: spread evenly in a medium) (化学)分散displace [sth] vtr (water, liquid: move) (液体)排出, 排掉How much water will a golf ball displace?displace [sth/sb] vtr (replace, supplant)代替，取代；排挤，挤走Service industry jobs have displaced the old manufacturing ones.display, display of [sth] n (demonstration)公开展示，秀Their display of affection was obviously false, as they got divorced shortly afterwards.他们秀的恩爱显然是假的，因为之后不久他们就离婚了。display, display of [sth] n (ostentation)夸示，卖弄地展示，炫耀I didn't believe Henry's display of friendliness was real.我不相信亨利卖弄般展示出来的友善是真的。display [sth] vtr (make viewable)陈列, 展出, 展示The management displayed the information in the hallway.管理人员在过道上陈列了这些信息。display [sth] vtr (exhibit)展出，展示They will display his early paintings in the gallery next month.下个月他们会在画廊展出他的早期画作。display [sth] vtr (show off)卖弄，炫耀He likes to display his skills with the basketball.他喜欢炫耀自己的篮球技巧。display [sth] vtr (show, demonstrate)显示；显出；表现出，展现出The boy displayed great courage in attempting to rescue his friends.在尝试营救朋友时，这名男孩展现出极大的勇气。display [sth] vtr (computer: show) (计算机)显示，展示The computer displays the test items and the students use the keyboard to enter their responses.电脑屏幕显示出测试项，然后学生通过键盘输入他们的回答。display [sth] vtr (flag: unfurl) (指旗子等)展开；张开The ship came into view, displaying the country's flag.display [sth] prominently vtr + adv (put on show)显眼地摆放着Her son's swimming certificate was displayed prominently on the mantelpiece.displeased with [sth], displeased about [sth], displeased at [sth] adj + prep (dissatisfied with, disapproving of)生气的；不满的The king was displeased with his advisor's decision to dismiss several members of the court.dispose [sb] towards [sb/sth] vtr + prep (make inclined)使对...抱有某种态度；使对...持某种态度George's optimistic view of life disposed him towards cheerfulness.乔治对生活乐观的看法让他抱有欢快的态度。dispose [sb] to do [sth] v expr (make inclined)使某人有做某事的倾向；使某人有意于；使某人愿意做某事；让某人想做某事Elizabeth was normally a peaceful person, but the nonsense she heard at the meeting disposed her to argue.伊丽莎白多数时候是个平和的人，但她在会上听到的谬论让她想要争辩。dispose [sth] vtr (arrange)部署；安排；布置The general disposed his troops along the northern border.disposed to [sth] adj (inclined, tending)倾向于…的Jenna's expression suggested that she was always disposed to mirth.disposed to do [sth] expr (willing, ready)乐于…的；乐意做…的Jack has never been disposed to help out with school fundraisers.disposition to do [sth] n (inclination)做某事的倾向William has a dangerous disposition to gamble.威廉有危险的赌博倾向。dispossess [sth] vtr (building: abandon)剥夺...dispossess [sb] of [sth] vtr + prep (deprive [sb] of [sth])剥夺某人某物dispossessed of [sth] adj + prep (had [sth] taken away)剥夺dispraise [sb/sth] vtr (show disapproval)非议；非难disprove [sth] vtr (prove wrong)证明…是错误的；证伪Scientists easily disproved an old theory about dispersion.dispute [sth] vtr (challenge)质疑；对…提出异议The scientist disputed his colleagues' findings.那位科学家质疑自己同僚的发现。dispute that [sth] vtr (deny, argue against)反对；否认；驳斥The board does not dispute that these changes will cause some temporary difficulties, but we feel the end result justifies this.disqualify [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep (rule out of competition)取消资格Although the team was strong, they were disqualified from the tournament because they didn't have enough players.disregard [sth/sb] vtr (ignore, forget)不理会；无视；漠视Sorry everyone. Please disregard my previous instructions; I'll tell you what you should do in a minute.各位，我很抱歉。请无视我之前的指示，我待会儿会告诉大家该怎么做。disrespect [sb/sth] vtr informal (speak ill of)不尊重That editorial disrespects people of other cultures.disrupt [sth] vtr (cause disorder)扰乱The war disrupted millions of people's lives. The student was given detention for disrupting the class.战争扰乱了无数人的生活。那个学生因为扰乱课堂秩序而被罚放学后留校。disrupt [sth] vtr (interrupt service)扰乱；打乱；搅乱The bad weather has disrupted TV and radio broadcasts in the area.dissect [sth] vtr (biology: cut apart) (生物学)解剖, 剖开We dissected a frog in biology class today.dissect [sth] vtr figurative (idea: analyze) (比喻)剖析, 分析If you dissect his argument, you'll find some pieces missing.dissemble [sth] vtr (conceal, hide: truth)掩饰；掩盖；隐藏（真相）When she did not win the award, the actress dissembled her disappointment with a smile.disseminate [sth] vtr figurative (information: spread) (信息等)传播What's the best way to disseminate this idea among teachers?disseminate [sth] vtr (seed: scatter) (种子)播；播种The seeds are disseminated by insects and birds.dissent from [sth] vi + prep (disagree with [sb]) (观点)与…不一致The minority's opinion dissents from the majority's in several respects.disserve [sb/sth] vtr (do a disservice to)危害，损害dissever [sth] vtr archaic (separate, divide) (古语)把…割裂开；使…分离；分开；分裂dissimilar to [sth] adj + prep (different from [sth])与...不一样的The politician's comments are reprehensible but not dissimilar to what others say every day.dissimulate [sth] vtr (conceal)掩盖；掩饰dissipate [sth] vtr (make disappear)使消失；使消散The rising sun dissipated the thick fog.dissipate [sth] vtr (disperse, spread)驱散；使散开；使消散The blog writer dissipated the news of the president's mistake on the Internet.dissipate [sth] vtr (dispel)驱散；使消除A hot bath and a massage will help to dissipate your stress.dissociate [sth] from [sth], disassociate [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (consider unrelated) (在思想上)把...和...分开；认为…和...无关It can be difficult to dissociate the meaningful content from the nonsense online.dissociate yourself from [sth], disassociate yourself from [sb] v expr (distance yourself from [sth])摆脱某事；从某事中脱身The nominee tried to dissociate himself from the racist remarks of his former friends.dissolve [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep (substance: in liquid)溶解Dissolve the powder in a cup of cold water.dissolve [sth] vtr (break down)分解This acid dissolves several metals.dissolve [sth] vtr (annul)终止What are the legal procedures for dissolving a marriage?dissolve into [sth] vi + prep (film image: change gradually) (电影画面转换)慢转换为，逐渐切换到The final scene dissolved into the credits.dissuade [sb] from [sth] vtr (persuade [sb] not to do [sth])劝阻It's impossible to dissuade Shawn from enlistment in the military.dissuade [sb] from doing [sth] vtr (persuade [sb] against doing [sth])劝诫Please dissuade him from taking that rash course of action.distance yourself from [sth/sb] v expr (keep away from)疏远；与…保持距离Preferring solitude, I distanced myself from the group.distance yourself from [sth/sb] v expr figurative (not associate with)疏远；让自己与...保持距离The candidate was advised to distance himself from his former wife.distaste [sth] vtr archaic (dislike)不喜欢distemper [sth] vtr (paint with distemper)用涂料刷...distend [sth] vtr (cause to swell)使膨胀；使扩张；使鼓胀Eating dairy distends my stomach.distend [sth] vtr (cause to expand)使...变大distill [sth] (US), distil [sth] (UK) vtr (purify: a liquid)蒸馏；以蒸馏法提纯You should distill the water before pouring it in the fish tank.distill [sth] (US), distil [sth] (UK) vtr figurative (condense: an idea) (比喻想法等)提炼, 精炼, 提纯The travel writer distilled his experiences into an autobiographical book.distinct from [sth] adj + prep (different from)不同于...的；与...有区别的If you look closely, you can see that this plant is distinct from that one.如果仔细观察，你就能看到，这株植物和那株不同。distinct from [sth] adj + prep (separate from [sth])与...完全分开的；与...相互独立的Agatha likes to keep her work distinct from her home life.distinguish [sb/sth] vtr (make out, see)看清；辨明The fog was so thick, Harry could hardly distinguish the road.浓雾弥漫，哈利几乎看不清路。distinguish [sb/sth] from [sb/sth] vtr + prep (see the difference between)辨别；分辨；将…与…区分开Some people find it difficult to distinguish right from wrong.有的人很难分辨是非。distinguish [sb/sth] vtr (make different)使特别；使与众不同Francesca's Italian accent is what distinguishes her.弗兰切斯卡的意大利口音使她与众不同。distinguish [sb/sth] from [sb/sth] vtr + prep (make different)使...不同于...；使...区别于...What distinguishes him from his colleagues is his unshakeable self-confidence.他不可动摇的自信使他不区别于自己的同事。distinguish between [sth] and [sth] vi + prep (know the difference)区分；辨别I can't distinguish between the black and the dark brown.distort [sth] vtr (image, vision) (图像)扭曲，使变形； (图像)使失真This mirror distorts your reflection so that it looks like your head is really big.这扇镜子会扭曲你的倒影，显得你的头特别大。distort [sth] vtr (twist out of shape)扭曲；使变形Pain had distorted Edward's face.爱德华的脸因为疼痛而扭曲。distort [sth] vtr (sound) (声音)使失真The PA system distorted the announcer's voice; no one could understand what he was saying!PA系统让播音员的声音失真；大家都听不懂他在说什么！distort [sth] vtr (facts)歪曲；曲解The journalist distorted the politician's words.记者曲解了政客的话。distort [sth] vtr (outlook, mentality)使...扭曲Imogen's traumatic childhood had distorted her view of the world.伊莫根伤痛的童年使他的世界观发生扭曲。distract [sb] from [sth] vtr (divert [sb] from [sth])使某人从…分心Stop distracting me from my homework!别让我在做家庭作业时分心！distract [sb]'s attention from [sth] vtr (divert: [sb]'s attention)使某人从…分心The nurse talked to the baby to distract his attention from the injection.护士跟宝宝聊天来让宝宝从注射一事上分心。distract attention from [sth] v expr (create a diversion)将…的注意力吸引过来Magicians need to know how to distract attention from what they are doing.The gaudy packaging is just an attempt to distract attention from the shoddy product inside.distress [sth] vtr (age furniture, clothing, etc.) (家具、衣服等)把…作旧，仿古加工The furniture maker distressed the chest of drawers.distribute [sth] vtr (hand out)分发；发放They're paying me an hourly rate to distribute these flyers.发传单的工资按小时结。distribute [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (hand out)把某物分发给某人The teacher distributed handouts to everyone in the class.老师给班上所有人分发讲义。distribute [sth] vtr (divide, share)分配The party promised to tax the rich more heavily and distribute the wealth more fairly.该党承诺向富人征收更为严苛的税收，并更为公平地分配社会财产。distribute [sth] among [sb/sth] vtr + prep (divide, share)将某物分配给某人The estate was distributed equally among the four children.房产被均分给了四位孩子。distrust [sb/sth] vtr (be suspicious of)怀疑；质疑His nervousness and appearance made me distrust him.distrust [sth] vtr (lack confidence in)不信任；不相信Should we distrust the new figures that the government published?disturb [sth] vtr (activity: interrupt)打扰；干扰；妨碍The noise outside disturbed Robert's work.外面的噪音干扰了罗伯特的工作。disturb [sth] vtr (interrupt: sleep) (睡眠)打扰；干扰；妨碍Worry about the forthcoming exam disturbed Linda's sleep.对即将到来的考试的忧虑妨碍了琳达的睡眠。disturb [sth] vtr (move, mess up)弄乱；乱动Please don't disturb the papers on my desk; I know they look untidy, but I know where everything is.请不要弄乱我桌子上的纸；我知道看起来不太整洁，但什么东西在哪里我都清楚。disunite [sth/sb] vtr (separate)分裂；使…分离ditch [sth] vtr informal (throw [sth] away)扔掉；丢掉My pack was too heavy, so I ditched some supplies.我的包太重了，所以我扔掉了一些物资。ditch [sth] vtr figurative, informal (abandon: an idea, business) (计划、理念等)放弃The project turned out to be too expensive, so Karen ditched it.结果该项目太过昂贵，所以凯伦废弃了它。ditch [sth] vtr (defect, play truant) (学校，工作等)逃离，不上vtrShe persuaded her brothers to ditch school with her.她劝说弟弟们和她一起逃学。ditch [sth] vtr (aircraft: land on water) (飞机)在水上迫降The pilot ditched the plane and climbed out onto his raft.ditch [sth] vtr (dig a ditch in [sth])在…上挖沟ditto [sth] vtr (repeat)重复；复制His assistant just nods and dittos everything he says.dive into [sth] vi + prep (plunge into: water) (水)跳入；扎入；潜入Diving into unknown waters is hazardous - you don't know how deep the water is or how strong the current.dive-bomb [sth/sb] vtr (attack with steep dive)俯冲轰炸diverge from [sth] vi + prep literal (follow a different direction)与…背离The paths diverge from each other after the church.diverge from [sth] vi + prep figurative (differ from [sth])与…不同，与…有分歧It is not at all unusual for our views to diverge from theirs.be divergent from [sth] v expr (deviate from)不同于...The southern dialect is remarkably divergent from the standard form of the language.diversify [sth] vtr (make more varied)使多样化；使不同Jake decided to take a yoga class to try to diversify his interests.divert [sth/sb] vtr (reroute)使绕路；使绕行Police diverted traffic while they cleared the road after the accident.事故发生后，警察指挥车辆绕路行驶，以便清理路面状况。divert [sth] vtr (turn to different use)挪用；将...另作他用We diverted our funds to pay for a new roof.我们挪用了自己的资金，购买了新的屋顶。divert [sth] vtr (distract)转移；分散Gerald was trying to concentrate on his work, but financial worries kept diverting his thoughts.杰拉德想专心于自己的工作，但对财务的忧虑总是让他分散注意力。divert attention from [sth/sb] v expr (distract from)使分心；转移...上的注意力The Prime Minister's speech on immigration was an attempt to divert attention from more serious issues.总理就移民问题的讲话是为了将民众的注意力从更严重的问题上转移开来。divest [sb] of [sth] vtr dated (remove clothing) (衣服)给…脱去May I divest you of your jacket?divest [sb] of [sth] vtr (deprive)剥夺某人的某物；使...丧失...的权利The refugees have been divested of all their property.divest [sb] of [sth] vtr figurative (free)使摆脱；解除Divested of my responsibilities, I enjoyed a week at the beach.divest [sth] vtr (business: sell off)处理掉, 卖掉； (比喻卖出)出手They divested their interests by selling off all their shares in the company.divide [sth] vtr (separate, classify)使分类；把…分类The teacher asked the children to divide the animals according to what they ate.老师要求孩子们按照动物吃的东西，把动物分类。divide [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (separate, classify)把…分类成；把…区分成Biologists divide insects into different orders.生物学家把昆虫区分成不同的目。divide [sth] vtr (share out)分；分开；分割Sift the flour then divide into three equal portions.把面粉过一遍筛子，然后分成均等的三份。divide [sth] vtr often passive (number: find quotient) (数学)把…当作除数We normally use long division to divide a decimal by a whole number.我们一般使用长除法，用整数除小数。divide [sth] by [sth] vtr + prep often passive (number: find quotient) (数学)除Twelve divided by six is two.12除6等于2。divide [sth] vtr figurative (split) (意见等)使...产生分歧Plans to build a supermarket on the outskirts of the town have divided opinion.在小镇郊区建造超市的计划使大家产生了意见上的分歧。divide by [sth] vi + prep (number: be divisible) (数学)被…除尽30 does not divide by 8.divide [sth] in two v expr (split into halves)切成两半；分成两半；分成两份I only have one but we'll divide it in two and share it.divide [sth] into groups v expr (categorize)分类It is possible to divide the animal kingdom into two main groups – vertebrates and invertebrates.divided by [sth] adj (arithmetic: by a number) (算术)被…除Twenty-seven divided by nine is three.divided by [sth] adj figurative (opinion: by a subject)因…而产生分歧的The generations are divided by their taste in music, clothing, communication style, and almost everything else.divine [sth] vtr (dowse with a rod: for water, etc.) (用占卜杖/丫形杖等)探测, 勘探The farmer hired a man to divine underground springs in his fields when the stream began to dry up.divine [sth] vtr (predict, prophesy)预言；预测；预示People believed the oracles could divine the future.divine [sth] vtr (guess, infer)推测出；猜到From Ann's silence, I divined her sadness.divorce [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (separate from)使...和...脱离；使...和...分离Is it possible to divorce life from art?；divulge [sth] vtr (tell, reveal)说出；讲出；透露Sophie swore she would never divulge her friend's secret.divvy [sth] vtr informal (divide, share out) (非正式用语)分配, 分摊do [sth] vtr (fill your time with) (具体工作)干, 做What are you doing this afternoon? When Peter retired, he didn't know what to do all day.你今天下午打算做点儿什么？彼得退休后不知道整天该干点什么。do [sth] vtr (create, make)创作；制作As an artist, he did fabulous things with scrap metal. What a lovely painting; did you do it?他是一位艺术家，能用废铁做出非常杰出的艺术品。这幅画真漂亮，是你创作的吗？do [sth] vtr (carry out, attend to: task, job)做；干；进行某事I'll do the dishes, since you cooked.既然你做了饭，那就我来洗碗。do [sth] vtr (work as [sth] for a living)从事What do you do for a living? George's mother is a bus driver; I don't know what his father does.你做哪一行为生？乔的母亲是一位公交车司机，至于他父亲是做什么的，我不了解。do [sth] vtr informal (produce) (非正式用语)生产, 制作The dressmaker could do six dresses in a day.do [sth] vtr (cause an effect)造成；导致Drugs can do a lot of harm.毒品可能造成很大的伤害。do [sth] vtr informal (study) (非正式用语)学习, 研究攻读We haven't done trigonometry yet.do [sth] vtr informal (prepare)准备；筹备I'll do the drinks; you just keep everyone entertained.我来准备饮品，你去招待大家就行。do [sth] vtr (make effort)努力It doesn't matter if you pass the exam or not; just do your best.能不能考及格不重要，你只要尽力就行了。do [sth] vtr (theatre: present, perform) (剧院)表演；演出We're doing Hamlet next. That comedian does a great stand-up routine.我们下一场演出是哈姆雷特。那位喜剧演员的即兴表演很不错。do [sth] vtr informal (cook) 没有提供翻译 ；做；烹饪I'm going to do a roast this weekend.do [sth] vtr (have custom of) (非正式用语)剪（头发），做（发型）We don't do that sort of thing here.do [sth] vtr informal (appearance: prepare) (非正式用语)给…美甲Sally spends an hour every day doing her makeup, hair, and nails.do [sth] vtr informal (write) (非正式用语)写作His next idea is to do a book on the history of Wimbledon.do [sth] vtr (traverse, cover) 没有提供翻译 We did five hundred miles in two days.do [sth] vtr informal (decorate) 没有提供翻译 ；装点They did the baby's bedroom in yellow, just in case.do [sth] vtr informal (travel at a given speed) (非正式用语)按照…速度旅行They were doing thirty miles an hour when the other car struck them.do [sth] vtr informal (travel, sightsee) (非正式用语)观光, 旅行, 游览We're going to do the Riviera this summer.do [sth] vtr (act, take action)行动起来Don't just sit there, do something!别光坐那儿，行动起来！do [sth] vtr informal (drugs: take)吸（毒）；服食（毒品）You're acting really strangely; have you been doing drugs?你的举动真的有点怪，是一直在吸毒吗？do [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (cause effect on)在…上引起了；对…造成了That rugby game has done a lot of damage to the grass.橄榄球比赛给草坪带来了严重破坏。do [sb/sth] a disservice, do a disservice to [sb/sth] v expr (do [sth] unfavorable to [sb/sth])损害；伤害The soldier did his country a disservice by deserting his unit during battle.do a job on [sb/sth] v expr (harm or damage)搞砸；弄坏do battle with [sth] v expr (struggle or fight against)与…斗争He did battle with lung cancer for years before succumbing.do duty as [sth] v expr (substitute for [sth])代班do everything you can to do [sth] v expr (try your hardest to achieve [sth])尽一切努力做某事；竭尽全力做某事Choosing a university is an important decision, so make sure you do everything you can to get it right.上哪所大学是一个重要的选择，所以一定要确保竭尽全力，做出正确的选择。do [sth] for [sb] v expr (do a favor)为某人做某事；帮助某人做某事do [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep UK, slang (catch and punish for: a crime) (通常指犯罪)逮到并惩罚某人做某事do [sth] for a living v expr (work as)做…工作What does he do for a living?do [sth] for yourself v expr (do for your own sake) (不是为了别人)为自己做某事If you're going to study medicine, make sure you're doing it for yourself, not because your parents expect it of you.do [sth] for yourself v expr (have a treat)为自己找点乐子You are always looking out for others, so take a week off to do something for yourself.do [sb/sth] justice, do justice to [sb/sth] v expr (present fairly and accurately)真正反映出…，使...得到公平对待Mr. Smith's oil portrait of the Queen really did her justice.Karen's work did justice to her reputation.do me the favor of doing [sth] (US), do me the favour of doing [sth] (UK) interj (please would you)请帮我做…；请帮我一个…的忙do [sb] out of [sth] v expr informal (deprive, cheat)骗走某人的某物，向某人骗取某物do [sth] right vtr + adv informal (do correctly)正确地做After 20 years, he finally learned to do it right.20年后，他终于学会了正确的做法。do [sth] the hard way v expr (make [sth] unnecessarily difficult)吃力不讨好do [sb] the honor of doing [sth] (US), do [sb] the honour of doing [sth] (UK) v expr (do [sth] out of kindness, respect)愿意为某人做某事；有幸为某人做某事do [sth] to death v expr informal, figurative, often passive (overdo [sth], do [sth] too often)做…得太多；做烦了；做腻了Hollywood has done vampire movies to death.do well to do [sth] v expr (be wise)做得对；做得明智You would do well to heed her advice.do your best to do [sth] v expr (try your hardest to do [sth])尽全力做某事Fred did his best to give up smoking, but couldn't keep it up.do your utmost to do [sth] v expr (do everything you can to)尽全力做某事dock [sth] vtr (ship: moor) (船只)停泊；停靠The captain docked the ship.船长泊了船。dock [sth] vtr (deduct: pay) (工资等)扣除Harry's boss docked his pay to cover the cost of the mistake he made.哈里被老板扣了工资，补偿他犯错误造成的损失。dock [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (deduct pay) (钱)从…中扣除，从…中扣去The company docked £20 from each of the employees' wages to pay for the damages.公司从每位员工的工资中扣除20英镑来支付损失赔偿。dock [sb] [sth] vtr (deduct pay)扣除...的...钱Irene's boss docked her a week's pay for her unauthorised absence.艾琳无故缺勤，因此被扣了一周的工资。dock [sth] vtr (crop: animal's tail) (动物尾巴)剪短，修短It is no longer considered desirable to dock dogs' tails.dock [sth] vtr (subtract: score, points, etc.) (分数)扣除The teacher docked ten points from my grade because I handed the paper in late.docket [sth] vtr (put label on [sth])在…附标签The workers packed and docketed each item.docket [sth] vtr (put [sth] on a list)将…记录下来The proposal has been docketed for next month's meeting.doctor [sth] vtr (falsify)篡改；伪造；做手脚The defendant was accused of doctoring the evidence before the police took it away.被告被指控在警察取证之前对证物做手脚。doctor [sth] vtr slang, figurative (fix) (俚语)修理Try to doctor that device into working again by noon.doctor [sth] vtr slang, figurative (alter) (俚语)更改；改变Let me doctor the display a little to make it appear better.doctor [sb/sth] vtr UK (castrate)阉割Yes, we need to get our two dogs doctored soon.document [sth] vtr (record)记录；记载The journalist documented events in the war zone.记者记录了战区发生的事件。document [sth] vtr (claim: support with evidence)用文件来证明；为…提供文件It isn't enough to say a car hit your house; we need you to document your claim before we can authorize an insurance payout.dodge [sth/sb] vtr (avoid: physically)躲闪；躲开The player dodged members of the opposing team and scored.那位队员躲开了对手的出击，取得了得分。dodge [sth] vtr informal, figurative (question: avoid) (问题等)避开；回避；逃避The politician keeps dodging the question; no matter how many times the interviewer asks, she won't give a straight answer.那位政客一直在回避问题，无论采访者问多少次，她都拒绝给出直接回答。dodge [sth] vtr informal, figurative (taxes: avoid paying) (税收等义务)逃避；躲避Several global companies were recently found to have been dodging taxes.近来，多家国际公司被查出存在逃避纳税的现象。dodge around [sth/sb] vi + prep (move quickly around)躲让, 躲开The runner dodged around the people in his path.dodge in and out of [sth] v expr (weave in and out)在...里穿梭；在...里穿进穿出The car was speeding along the busy road, dodging in and out of the traffic.dodge behind [sth/sb] vi + prep (move quickly behind)躲闪到...后面；闪避到...后面Seeing his pursuers, the thief dodged behind a wall to get out of sight.doff [sth] vtr literary (remove, take off: hat, etc.) (书面语)脱掉, 脱下The gentleman doffed his top hat as the two ladies strolled past.dog [sth] vtr (chase with hounds)带着猎狗追猎They dogged the fox through the woods.dog-ear [sth] vtr informal (page: turn down corner)将...折起角dogmatize [sth], also UK: dogmatise [sth] vtr (treat as unquestionable)把…作为教条dognap [sth] vtr (steal a dog) (为取得赎金或转售给实验室)偷狗dole [sth] out vtr (distribute, hand out)发放；分配The soup kitchen doles out over a thousand meals a day.dollop [sth] on [sth] vtr informal (put a blob of: [sth] onto [sth]) (不均匀)把…点在…上，把…放在…上Dollop some yogurt on the fruit, and then sprinkle some cinnamon on top.dollop [sth] onto [sth] vtr informal (put a blob of [sth] on [sth]) (不均匀)把…点在…上，把…放在…上The chef dolloped some sour cream onto the surface of the spicy soup.dollop [sth] on vtr informal (put a blob of [sth] on [sth]) (不均匀)把…点上，把…放在…上Don't spread the whipped cream evenly, just dollop it on.dolly [sth] vtr (cinema: transport on dolly)用摄影车运输The film student dollied the camera to create a dynamic shot.domesticate [sth] vtr (animal: tame)驯服；驯化Humans first domesticated horses around 3000 BC.dominate [sb/sth] vtr (have control over)控制；支配The bully dominates the other kids in the playground.It was a struggle, but Barry managed to dominate his emotions.那个小霸王控制着操场上的其他孩子。// 虽然颇为困难，但巴里还是成功控制住了自己的情绪。dominate [sth] vtr (sport: show mastery) (运动)精通；精于The champion will box next week to see if he still dominates the sport.那位冠军下周将进行拳击比赛，看自己是否还精于此项运动。don [sth] vtr formal (put on: clothing)披上；穿上；身穿It was cold outside, so Karen donned a coat and scarf.外面天气很冷，所以卡伦穿上了一件外套和一条围巾。don [sth] vtr figurative, literary (put on, assume)假装, 装出；刻意表现Fiona dons an air of superiority when she speaks to her employees.donate [sth] vtr (money: give)捐献；捐赠These days, the easiest way to donate money is online.现在捐款最简捷的方式是在线操作。donate [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep (money: give) (钱财)捐赠…给They donated $100 to the Red Cross.他们捐赠了一百美金善款给红十字会。donate [sth] for [sth] vtr + prep (things: give, contribute) (物品)将…捐赠给，为…捐赠Thanks to all the local businesses who donated prizes for today's raffle.感谢所有为今天抽彩活动捐赠奖品的当地企业。donate [sth] vtr (things: give, contribute) (物资)捐赠，捐Erin often donates items she no longer uses.艾琳时常把自己不再使用的东西捐出去。donate [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (things: give, contribute)将…捐给Thousands of people have donated clothes to the charity appeal.应呼吁，成千上万的人将衣物捐给慈善机构。donate to [sth] vi + prep (give money, clothes, etc.) (钱、衣物等)捐赠给I donate to charity regularly.我经常为慈善机构做捐赠。donate [sth] vtr (time: devote) (时间)投入We need volunteers who can donate five hours a week.donate [sth] vtr (blood: give) (血液)献；捐There is now extensive screening of people who donate blood.be done with [sth] v expr informal (finished with [sth])完成；做完As soon as I'm done with my current project, I'll begin the next one.我一完成手头的项目就会开始下一个。be done with doing [sth] v expr informal (have finished [sth] undesirable)受够了；干够了I'm a college graduate now; I'm done with waiting on tables!我现在是一名大学毕业生了，我已经干够了服务员的工作了！be done doing [sth] v expr informal (have finished doing [sth])完成了；做完了I'm done stacking the shelves; what should I do next?我已经弄完架子了，接下来我应该做什么？；be done with [sth/sb], have done with [sth/sb] v expr slang (had enough, stop)受够了…be done with doing [sth] v expr slang (had enough, stop)受够了…I'm done with trying to explain it to you - do what you like, I don't care!doom [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep often passive (condemn to [sth])注定让...做某事；注定让...变成...A poor education system doomed the children to a life of low-paid work. We are doomed to continue making the same mistakes.不良的教育系统会注定让孩子们未来在低薪工作中挣扎。我们注定会继续犯同一个错误。doom [sb/sth] vtr often passive (to death or terrible fate)注定会死亡；注定要走向厄运The child was doomed from the moment of his birth.那个孩子自出生起就注定会死亡。doom [sb/sth] to failure v expr often passive (cause to fail)注定失败；注定失手Not having the right people for the job doomed the project to failure.doomed to [sth], doomed to do [sth] adj + prep (destined, fated)注定要The train passengers were doomed to be stranded in the snow storm.火车上的乘客注定要被困在暴风雪中。the dope on [sth] n informal, dated (information: secret)内幕消息；内部情报；底细If you want the dope on anything, see Lucy; she always knows all the latest office rumors.要想打听内幕消息，就去找露西，办公室最新的传言她总是知道。a dose of [sth] n figurative (unpleasant treatment) (比喻，尤指痛苦之事)一次, 一番, 一份I'd like to give Neil a dose of the same treatment he gave his poor girlfriend.a dose of [sth] n figurative (amount, quantity of [sth])一剂；一些；一点Lora is so arrogant. She could use a dose of humility.dose [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (give drugs)给...用某种药；给...服某种药The doctor dosed the patient with sedatives to keep him calm.dot [sth] vtr (put a dot on: the letter i) (在字母等的上面)加点，打点Don't forget to dot the i.别忘了字母“i”上要加一点。dot [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep usually passive (spot or scatter: with [sth])在...星罗棋布；星散于；点缀在Dandelions and buttercups dotted the field with yellow.dot [sth] vtr (be scattered over)散布于；星星点点地布满Trees dotted the landscape.dotted with [sth] adj (objects: scattered) (物品)散落着...的；四处分布着...的The landscape was dotted with cactus and shrubs.double [sth] vtr (multiply by two) (数学)把…增加一倍, 是…的两倍Think of a number between one and ten, double it, and add twenty.选择1到10之间的一个数字，将这个数字乘以2，然后加20。double [sth] vtr (fists: clench)紧握；握紧Adam doubled his fists as his attacker drew near.double as [sth] vi + prep (do in addition)兼任；兼做The director doubles as an actor in this movie.double-click on [sth] vi + prep (computing: press twice on [sth])双击double-click [sth] vtr (computing: press twice on [sth])双击double-time [sb/sth] vtr (cause to move in double time)让...速度翻倍double-book [sth] vtr (make two simultaneous reservations)重复预订...double-check [sth] vtr (cross-check, inspect again)复核；再次检查We should double-check our grocery list to make sure we have everything we need. Let's double-check those figures to make sure we got them right.我们应该再次检查一下买菜清单，确保买全了所需的一切。我们复核一下那些数字吧，确保数字正确。double-glaze [sth] vtr (fit with double-thickness windows)安装两层玻璃double-team [sth] vtr (use two people to handle)用两倍力量对付doubt [sth] vtr (not believe)不相信；怀疑Vernon doubted Kyle's version of events.维农对凯尔讲的事情版本颇为怀疑。doubtful, doubtful about [sth], doubtful that adj (unconvinced, not sure)不确定的；不能肯定的John is doubtful about whether he made the right choice.约翰不确定自己是不是做了正确的选择。douche [sth] vtr (clean bodily cavity)灌洗；冲洗douse [sth] vtr (drench)把…浸没在液体里；浸湿The spray from the waterfall doused the tourists.douse [sth] with [sth] vtr (drench)浇The coastal towns are being doused with rain from the big storm system.douse [sth] in [sth] vtr (drench)浸泡The chicken is doused in a spicy tomato sauce.douse [sth] vtr (put out: flames)用水熄灭, 浇灭, 扑灭The townspeople worked together to douse the flames shooting out of the barn.douse [sth] vtr (put out: light, cigarette) (灯、香烟)熄灭；灭掉The boss was the last to leave the office, and she doused the lights before locking up.douse [sth] vtr figurative (extinguish)浇灭；打消Realising how much hard work was involved in writing a novel doused Keith's enthusiasm.dovetail with [sth] vi + prep (interweave with)与…吻合The carpenter was pleased when the sides of the drawer dovetailed perfectly with the face.dovetail [sth] with [sth] vtr (interweave)用鸠尾榫接合The carpenter dovetailed the front of the drawer with the side.The logs making up the cabin walls were dovetailed with each other.dovetail with [sth] vi + prep figurative (fit together with)与…切合Donna found a flexible job that allows her career to dovetail with her personal life.down [sth] vtr informal (drink) (非正式用语)喝光He downed his beer and left.down [sth] vtr (shoot from the sky)击落；打落They downed a helicopter with just a rifle.down [sb/sth] vtr informal (fell, knock to the ground) (非正式用语)打倒；击倒That wrestler could down anyone in thirty seconds.down with [sth] adj + prep US, informal (sick with, suffering from)生...病的；患...病的She's down with the flu and can't come to the party.她患上了流感，无法来参加派对了。down to [sth/sb] adj + prep informal (determined by)由…负责；由…决定Whether he goes free or not is down to the judge's decision.他能否释放取决于法官的裁决。down to [sth] adj + prep (left with only)只剩下We're down to the last of the coffee, so could you buy some more while you're out?咖啡差不多用光了，你出去时能再买些回来吗？down to [sth/sb] adj + prep informal (caused by)是…的责任；由…引起The accident was entirely down to driver error.那次事故完全是司机的失误造成的。down with [sth], down with doing [sth], down to do [sth], down for [sth], down for doing [sth] expr slang (keen to do [sth])支持Sure, I'm down for going hiking this weekend.当然，我支持这个周末去远足。be down on [sth/sb] v expr (dislike)不喜欢be down with [sth] v expr slang (agree with)同意…downgrade [sb] to [sth] vtr (demote, lower in rank)降职Ronald was downgraded from manager to assistant as punishment for his actions.downgrade [sth] vtr (reduce threat level)降低...的危险级别The storm forecast has been downgraded; it doesn't look like it will be so dangerous after all.downgrade [sth] to [sth] vtr (reduce threat level to [sth])降低The terror threat has been downgraded to moderate.downgrade [sth] vtr (technology: revert to [sth] older) (科技)重新使用旧版本，降级Due to the bugs in the new operating system, we've downgraded all of the computers.downgrade [sth] to [sth] vtr (technology: revert to [sth] older)降级The program has been downgraded to the previous version because it's more stable.downgrade [sth] vtr (exam result: lower) (考试分数)下降downgrade [sth] vtr (lower in importance) (重要性)降低；降级download [sth] vtr (transfer from internet, server) (从互联网上)下载Robert downloaded a film to watch that evening. Harry downloaded the files he needed from the company server.罗伯特下载了一部电影，打算晚上看。哈利从公司的服务器上下载了自己需要的文件。downmarket [sth] vtr (mass-produce)批量生产...The car manufacturer is going to downmarket its new electric car.downplay [sth] vtr (minimize importance of)轻视；将…轻描淡写；对…不予重视I think it's important not to downplay the significance of the event.downscale [sth] vtr (reduce in size)使…变小；缩减…的尺寸downshift [sth] vtr (put into lower gear)将...降档；调低...的速档Ben downshifted the car into second on the steep hill.downsize [sth] vtr euphemism (staff: make redundant) (人员)裁减；缩编The company has been forced to downsize a lot of positions that were once considered vital.downsize [sth] vtr (product: reduce in size) (产品等)将...的尺寸缩小；压缩...的尺寸The cereal company has downsized the packaging.downvote [sth/sb] vtr (click to show disapproval) (线上)踩；反对dozens of [sth] npl figurative (many)许多；很多There were dozens of birds on the lawn; too many to count.There must have been dozens of people at the meeting.草坪上有许多鸟，多得都数不过来了。// 与会的有几十个人。draft [sth] vtr (write preliminary version)起草；打草稿Let me draft a letter and I'll show it to you before I send it.让我起草一封信。寄出前我会给你看的。draft, draft of [sth] n US, literary (intake of smoke, liquid) (吸入、饮用等)一口She took a draft of the elixir.draft [sth], also UK: draught vtr (sketch)绘制（草图）The architect drafted a sketch of the building.建筑师绘制了该建筑的草图。draftproof [sth], draft-proof [sth] (US), draughtproof [sth], draught-proof [sth] (UK) vtr (door, window: seal) (门窗)对…进行封闭防风处理Since draught-proofing the windows and doors, my heating bill's gone down by 10%.drag [sth/sb] vtr (pull [sth], [sb] along the ground)拖；拉Cynthia dragged the large chair into the room.辛西娅把那张大椅子拖进了房间里。drag on [sth], drag of [sth] n informal (puff on a cigarette, etc.) (香烟等)吸一口The man took a long drag of his cigarette.那人深吸了一口烟。drag for [sth] vi + prep (fishing: cast a net) (渔业)用拖网捕捞The fishermen drag for mussels when the tide is right.drag on [sth] vi + prep (draw on a cigarette, etc.) (香烟等)吸, 抽She dragged on her cigarette.drag [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (pull [sth] to another place)将...硬拉进入Can you drag that chair into the living room?dragoon [sb] into doing [sth] vtr figurative (force, pressurize)迫使...做...drain [sth] vtr (empty)排空；流干；放干The farmer drained the pond.农民把水塘中的水放空了。drain [sth] vtr (separate liquid)沥干；使（液体）流干Simon cooked the potatoes and then drained them.西蒙先是烹饪了土豆，然后再将它们沥干。drain [sth] vtr figurative (energy or resource) (精力等)耗尽, 使筋疲力尽Nancy drained her bank account.南希耗尽了自己的存款。drain [sth] vtr (empty by drinking)喝光；喝净；喝干Jeremy drained his glass.杰里米喝光了玻璃杯里的东西。drain [sth] vtr (medicine: draw off fluid)抽出；把…引流出去The nurse used a needle to drain the abscess.drain [sth] away vtr + adv (filter off)排掉...He dug a ditch to drain away the water that was flooding the lawn.drain off [sth], drain [sth] off vtr + adv (liquid: remove)使流走； (液体)抽干；沥去Allow the roasting tray to stand for a few minutes, so the solids settle, then drain off the excess fat.将烤盘静置几分钟，让固体沉淀下来，然后沥去多余的油脂。dramatize [sth], also UK: dramatise [sth] vtr (turn [sth] into fiction)将（小说等）改编成剧本The life of Galileo was dramatized for a TV special.drape [sth] over [sth], drape [sth] across [sth] vtr + prep (hang, let fall on)将...随便地挂在；随便把...搭在Helen draped her coat over the back of the chair.海伦把大衣挂在椅背上。drape [sth] over [sth/sb] vtr + prep (arrange carefully)将（打褶的织物）覆盖在…上；将（打褶的织物）披在…上The organizer draped the fabric over the lectern.主持人将一块打褶的布盖在讲台上。drape [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (ornament, decorate)用...装饰...；用...点缀...At Christmas, Robert always drapes the pictures with tinsel.圣诞节的时候，罗伯特总是用金属箔装饰那些画。draught, draught of [sth] n UK, literary (draft: intake of smoke, liquid) (烟囱、炉灶等)抽风，通风，气流nCharles lit his pipe and took a draught of smoke.查尔斯点燃烟斗，深吸了一口烟。draw [sth] vtr (sketch a picture)画；绘画I like to draw trees on my school books.我喜欢在教科书上面画树。draw [sth] vtr (take out a weapon) (武器)拔出, 抽出The cowboy drew his gun to show that he was serious.牛仔把枪拔了出来，表明他并不是在开玩笑。draw [sth/sb] vtr (attract)吸引；引起…的注意Fights usually draw large crowds.打架斗殴常会引来大批群众围观。draw [sth] vtr figurative (elicit, arouse)引出；引起Racial remarks will usually draw anger from others.带有种族歧视性的言论一般会引起大家的愤怒。draw [sth] vtr (select [sth])抽（签等）Let's draw sticks to see who has to go. Longer stick wins.我们抽签来决定谁得离开。长签赢。draw [sth] vtr (pull [sth] behind)拖；拉The truck is strong enough to draw a one-ton trailer.draw [sth] vtr (extract [sth])汲（水）；汲取Before people had running water in their homes, they would have to go to a well to draw water.draw [sth] vtr (curtain, drapes: pull shut) (指窗帘等)拉上，闭上Each night they draw the curtains.draw [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (take, obtain [sth])从...取得；从...获得He draws inspiration from his past.draw [sth] vtr (withdraw money)取（款）He draws fifty dollars from my account every Friday.draw [sth] vtr (earn [sth])获得；挣得He draws a large salary.draw [sth] vtr (formulate [sth])推断出；得出You can draw whatever conclusion you want, but I believe that he did it.draw [sth] vtr (cards: take out)抽（牌）；摸（牌）She drew a card from the top of the deck.她从那副牌的上面摸了一张牌。draw [sth] vtr (contract, wrinkle [sth])皱起；皱缩She drew her brow in deep thought.draw [sth] vtr (bow: bend to shoot arrow)拉（弓）The archer draws his bow, and then releases the arrow.弓箭手拉弓放箭。draw [sth] vtr (tea: brew) (茶艺术语)泡（茶）She never draws the tea properly - it's always too weak.她一直泡不好茶，总是太淡。draw [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (extract from)从…中抽取；从…中提取Martha drew water from the well.玛莎从井里打水。draw [sth] vtr (bow: pull across strings) (弓)拉，拉开Lisa drew her bow gently across the strings of her violin.draw a parallel between [sth] and [sth] v expr (identify as being similar)在...和...之间找到相似之处We can draw a parallel between restrictions on law making powers of the earliest British Parliaments, and that of the modern European Parliament.draw [sth] apart, draw apart [sth] vtr + adv (separate)把…拉开；把...分开You have to draw apart the halves of the avocado before you can scoop out the pulp.draw attention to [sth] v expr (make [sth] noticeable)将注意力吸引到…身上Bold text is used to draw attention to certain words.粗体是用来让人们注意某些单词的。draw away from [sth/sb] v expr (retreat from [sth], [sb])远离，离开；躲开，退避draw [sb] away from [sth] v expr (cause to leave)将...从...拉走；将...从...拉开What drew you away from your hometown?是什么让你离开了故乡？draw back from [sth/sb] v expr (retreat)从…撤退；从…后退He ordered his troops to draw back from the border.他命令他的部队从边境撤退。draw [sth] back vtr + prep (pull away, apart)扯开；拉开When I drew back the curtains, sunlight flooded in.我拉开窗帘，阳光洒了进来。draw [sth] forth, draw forth [sth] vtr + adv (bring out, elicit)引出；招致draw heavily on [sth] v expr (make great use of)大加利用；好好利用The apprentice draws heavily on the works of the grand masters for inspiration.draw [sth] in, draw in [sth] vtr + adv (inhale: smoke, breath)吸；吸进；吸入He would often cough after drawing in a breath of smoke.在吸进一口烟后，他经常咳嗽。draw [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep (involve [sb] in [sth])把…拉进；把…吸引进Don't draw me into your problems!draw near [sth] vi + prep (approach)临近；靠近；接近As we drew near the gates, they opened automatically.draw off [sth], draw [sth] off vtr + adv (liquid: remove by draining) (液体)排出；抽出The doctor had to use a large needle to draw off the liquid in my swollen knee.draw [sth] off vtr + adv ([sth]: remove by pulling) (指物)拖走draw on [sth], draw [sth] on vtr + adv (clothing: put on)穿上；戴上He quickly drew on his trousers and ran out the door.他快速穿上裤子，夺门而出。draw the curtain on [sth], draw the curtain over [sth] v expr figurative (bring to an end)让...落下帷幕；结束；给...画上句号draw the line at [sth], draw the line at doing [sth] v expr figurative, informal (set a limit or restriction)划界限；拒绝做I went out for a few beers, but I drew the line at doing shots.draw [sth] to a close v expr (bring to an end)使...结束After an hour on the phone, she drew the conversation to a close.drawl [sth] vtr (say in a drawl)慢吞吞地说；拖长声调说"We don't see many city folks around here," the old man drawled.dread [sth] vtr (feel daunted by)担忧，担心；忧虑I'm dreading tonight's party. I won't know anybody there.我好担心今晚的派对啊。到时候，我肯定一个人都不认识。dread doing [sth] v expr (feel daunted by doing)惧怕做某事；害怕做某事I always dread giving speeches.我总是很害怕做演讲。dread [sth] vtr (fear greatly)害怕；恐惧，惧怕Many people dread death.许多人都惧怕死亡。dream of [sth], dream about [sth] vi + prep (daydream)做…的白日梦，幻想All day long, she dreamed of their honeymoon.她一整天都在幻想着自己的蜜月。dream of [sth], dream about [sth] vi + prep (fantasize)幻想，空想，梦想She dreams about becoming an astronaut.她幻想成为一名宇航员。dream of doing [sth] vi + prep figurative (aspire) (比喻)梦想做某事Many teenagers dream of becoming pop stars, but few have the talent to make it happen.许多青少年都梦想成为明星，不过没有几个人具备实现它的才能。dream of doing [sth] v expr figurative (conceive)设想；想象备注: used especially where there is a doubt or a negativeThey wouldn't dream of going to Paris without seeing Michel!他们完全没有设想到去了巴黎却没见成米歇尔！dredge [sth] vtr (riverbed: clear, dig up)清淤；挖掘；疏通（河道）The police are dredging the river to try to locate the murder victim's body.dredge [sth] vtr (cookery: dust [sth] with flour)（用面粉、糖等）撒、涂The cook dredged the fish in cornmeal before he fried it.dredge [sth] with [sth] vtr (sprinkle [sth]: with flour)洒Dredge the pieces of chicken with all-purpose flour and season them with salt and pepper.dredge [sth] up, dredge up [sth] vtr + adv (remove: from water)挖掘，疏浚The body was dredged up by local fishermen.dree [sth] vtr Scot (endure)忍耐dreg, a dreg of [sth] n (small amount)少量，微量；一点儿Barely a dreg of these old beliefs still exists in modern times.drench [sth] vtr (make very wet)使…湿透；浸透；浸湿I accidentally drenched my shirt when I was brushing my teeth.drench [sth] vtr (cover in liquid)把...浸在The cook drenched the salad in vinaigrette.drench [sth] with [sth] vtr figurative (cover completely) (比喻)以...完全覆盖The patio was drenched with summer sunlight.dress [sth] vtr (apply a bandage to)给…包扎伤口The nurse dressed his wound once the bleeding stopped.dress [sth] vtr dated (hair) (过时用语)梳理（头发）, 做（头发）I need to dress my hair before we go out tonight.dress [sth] vtr dated (prepare for eating) (过时用语)开膛去毛First you need to dress the chicken by removing the excess fat.dress [sth] vtr (add sauce to a salad)给…加调味汁She prefers to dress her salad with olive oil instead of salad dressing.dress [sth] vtr (groom a horse)给（马）梳毛She helped to dress the cavalry horses before the big parade.dress [sth] vtr (align military troops) (军队)使整队，使列队The officer always started drills by dressing the troops.那位军官开始操练士兵前，总是先整队。dress [sth] vtr (stone: make smooth) (石头)打磨；抛光A mason has to dress stone to make it smooth.dressed in [sth] adj + prep (wearing [sth])穿...衣服的；打扮成...的An old lady dressed in black was selling olives.一位穿黑衣的老夫人在兜售橄榄。be dressed in [sth] v expr (wear particular clothes)穿着；身穿Colin was dressed in a suit for his job interview.柯林身穿西装去参加工作面试。dressed up in [sth] expr (in costume, disguised)穿上...制服，装扮上Charles is dressed up in a clown's outfit.dribble [sth] vtr (kick, hit, bounce along: a ball)运球；带球The hockey player quickly dribbled the ball down the field, then passed it to his teammate.drift [sth] vtr (carry)使漂流；使漂移The current drifted the boat out to sea.水流推动着小船漂流入海。drift [sth] vtr (heap together)把...吹得堆在一起；把...吹得积在一起The wind drifted the snow into mounds.大风吹雪成堆。drill [sth] vtr (bore: a hole)在...上钻孔；给...打孔；在…上钻孔James drilled a hole for the screw to go in.詹姆士钻了一个孔，好打螺丝。drill [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep (bore: a hole)在…上钻（孔）；给…打（孔）Alison drilled a hole in the wall.艾莉森在墙上钻了一个孔。drill [sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (train)在…方面对…进行训练The teacher drilled the students in French grammar.老师在法语语法方面对学生进行训练。drill for [sth] vi + prep (bore a hole to extract: oil, water)钻探；钻取The company plans to start drilling for oil in Arctic waters.该公司计划开始在北极海域钻探石油。drill [sth] into [sb], drill into [sb] [sth] vtr + prep figurative (instill)将…灌输给…；将…传授给…；将…教给…The teacher tried to drill the multiplication tables into his students. My parents always drilled into me the importance of studying hard.老师试图将乘法口诀表灌输给学生们。我父母经常向我灌输努力学习的重要性。drink [sth] vtr (liquid: take by mouth) (水、饮料)喝, 饮Drink some water if you're thirsty.如果你口渴就喝些水。drink to [sth/sb] vi + prep (toast with alcohol)敬酒；干杯Let's drink to the bride and groom!drink [sth] vtr figurative (absorb)吸收The sponge drank all the water.drip [sth] vtr (let fall in drips)使滴下；使滴落Karen had fainted, so Simon dripped water on her face.drip with [sth] vi + prep figurative, often passive (display considerable amounts of [sth])充满The wealthy woman was dripping with diamonds.The man's voice dripped with sarcasm.drip feed [sb/sth], drip-feed [sb/sth] vtr (gradually supply with liquid)滴入；滴灌This part drip-feeds lubricant into the mechanism.该部件将润滑油滴入机械装置。drip feed [sb/sth], drip-feed [sb/sth] vtr UK, figurative (gradually supply [sth])缓慢供应The police are drip-feeding information about the case to the press in order to not create a panic.为了不引起恐慌，警方正将有关案件的信息一点点地透露给新闻媒体。drip-dry [sth] vtr (dry by letting water run off)使…滴干；把...滴干drive [sth] vtr (operate: a vehicle)开（车）；驾驶Would you like to drive my new car?你想开我的新车吗？drive [sth] vtr (cause movement)驱使；驱动Wind drives the fan and creates electricity.风驱动风扇，产生电力。；drive [sb] to [sth] vtr (passenger: transport)开车送…到…去Could you drive me to the station?你能开车送我到车站么？drive [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep figurative (compel, cause)驱使，迫使The addiction drove him to a life of crime and misery.毒品上瘾驱使他走上犯罪道路，生活凄惨。drive [sb] to do [sth] vtr + prep figurative (compel, cause)强迫某人做某事The desire to make her parents proud is what drives her to succeed.想让父母为自己感到骄傲的心就是驱使她成功的动力。drive [sth] vtr figurative (push, power)推动Spending drives the economy.消费推动经济。drive [sth] into [sth/sb] vtr + prep (nail, blade: hammer)将...钉进；把...敲进He drove the nail into the wall.drive [sth] vtr (sport: hit, kick) (体育比赛术语)猛踢，猛击Kane drove a low shot past the goalkeeper.凯恩一记低射，球飞过守门员入网。drive [sth] vtr (baseball: advance) (棒球)使（跑垒）得分He drove the runner home with a hit.drive [sth] vtr (logs: float down river)使漂流They drove the logs down the river.drive [sb] to [sth] vtr figurative (provoke)把…逼到（某种程度）；逼得Her children always drive her to the point of madness.她家孩子经常把她搞得快疯掉。drive [sth] to [sth] vtr figurative (push)把…推动到；将…推进到She drove the conversation to a certain topic.她把谈话推动到某个话题上。drive [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (sport: hit, kick) (体育运动)抽，猛击She drove the ball into the net.drive [sb] to do [sth] v expr figurative (motivate)促使某人做某事；驱使某人做某事What drives her to succeed is a desire to make her parents proud.想让父母自豪，这是促使她取得成功的动力。drive at [sth] vi + prep figurative (suggest, intend to say) (比喻)暗示, 意指What are you driving at?drive [sb/sth] away vtr + adv (repel, force to leave)赶走；使...远离；使...离开She drove him away with her constant nagging.他受不了她不停的唠叨，离开了她。drive [sb/sth] back vtr + adv (cause [sb/sth] to retreat)使…后退；击退…drive [sth] home vtr + adv (propel into place)将...推至应有的位置A sharp blow of the hammer drove the nail home.drive [sth] home vtr + adv figurative (instil or impress the truth of [sth])令人意识到；加深了…的印象My dad's funeral really drove home the fact that he was gone forever.drive [sth/sb] off vtr (chase away)赶走We had to drive off the wolves that were stalking the sheep.我们必须赶走那些尾随羊群的狼。drive over [sth] vi + prep (vehicle: go on top of [sth])驶过The driver slowly drove over the loose gravel.drive yourself to [sth] v expr (go by car)自己驱车前往I don't think you should drive yourself to the hospital.drive yourself to [sth] v expr figurative (motivate yourself)激励自己做...a drizzle of [sth] n figurative (cookery: trickle of liquid)小股；细流Add a drizzle of oil.添一小股油。drizzle [sth] over [sth] vtr figurative (liquid: pour lightly)将…少量地洒在…上Ben drizzled balsamic vinegar over the basil leaves.本将少量的香醋撒在罗勒叶上。drool over [sth/sb] vi + prep figurative (desire, look longingly at) (比喻)对...痴迷，对…垂涎欲滴，对…如痴如醉Mary spends hours drooling over pictures of that movie star.玛丽一连好几个小时痴迷自己电影偶像的照片。a drop of [sth] n (liquid: small amount) (液体)一滴I just felt a drop of rain.刚才我感觉到有一滴雨滴下。drop [sth] vtr (let fall accidentally)失手落下；失手掉下He dropped his keys on the pavement.他一失手，钥匙掉在了人行道上。drop [sth] vtr (let fall intentionally) (刻意地)让…自由落下The table tennis player dropped the ball on the table to serve.乒乓球运动员让球自由落下并挥拍发球。drop [sth] vtr (reduce)使降低，使下降，使减少The weak market dropped the stock by thirty points.市场疲软导致股票下跌30点。drop [sth/sb] vtr (abandon)放弃The project was dropped after it was found to be unprofitable.She decided to drop her geology class.在发现该项目不能赚钱后，项目被放弃。// 她决定放弃地质课。drop [sth] vtr often passive (stop from working)停止；终止The telephone call was dropped and he had to call again.电话断了，他只得重新打过。drop [sth] vtr (omit, when speaking) (讲话时)省略，略去It was obvious that he was from Boston because he kept dropping his r's.很明显他来自波士顿，因为他说话时不断省去 r 这个音。drop [sb] [sth] vtr (write and mail) (信件)投寄I'll drop you a postcard when we get there.我们到那儿后，我会给你寄一张明信片。drop [sth] vtr offensive!, slang (give birth to)生孩子备注: This term is offensive when applied to a woman. It can also be used with animals.Mary has dropped another baby. That's seven she's got now!drop [sth] vtr (from a plane) (从飞机上)空投The aid organisation often drops supplies from planes into disaster areas.援助组织常常通过空投，将补给送入受灾地区。drop [sth] vtr informal (lose through gambling, spend) (在赌博中)输掉He dropped a thousand dollars at the casino over the weekend.一个周末，他在赌场输掉了一千美金。drop [sth] vtr (lose points, a game) (比赛、分数等)输掉The Red Sox dropped two games to the Yankees yesterday.红袜队昨日输掉了两场与洋基队的比赛。drop [sth] vtr informal (take: a drug) (特指毒品)吞服The addict dropped a lot of acid while he was alive.那位瘾君子生前吞服了许多致幻毒品。drop [sth] vtr figurative, slang (release: [sth] new)发行；发布drop-forge [sth] vtr (shape with a drop forge)落锤锻造drop kick [sth], drop-kick [sth], also US: dropkick [sth] vtr (sports: do a drop kick) (趁球即将落地时将其踢出)落踢drop out of [sth] v expr informal, figurative (withdraw from [sth])退出…；退…He dropped out of school before completing his degree.Several competitors have dropped out of the tournament due to injuries.drown [sth] vtr (immerse)淹没，浸没，浸泡The flood drowned the crops.洪水淹没了庄稼。drown, drown in [sth] vi + prep figurative (be overwhelmed)沉浸于；淹没于I'm drowning in work; I can't cope!我快被工作淹死了；我应付不了！drub [sth/sb] vtr (beat with a stick)棒打；用棍子打；用棒子敲打drug [sth] vtr (food, drink: add drug to)投毒于；在...里下毒James began to feel very strange; he suspected someone had drugged his drink.詹姆斯开始感觉不太正常；他怀疑有人在他的饮品中下了毒。drum [sth] vtr (tap: fingers on [sth])手指有节奏地敲打Linda always drums her fingers when she's thinking.琳达在思考的时候，手指总会有节奏地敲打着。drum [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (tap fingers)用手指敲；用手指在...上打节奏Adam drummed his fingers on the table.亚当用手指在桌面上打节奏。drum [sth] into [sb]'s head v expr (instill by repetition) (教学)反复灌输，填鸭式教授Our father, a clever but uneducated man, always drummed into our heads the importance of a good education.drum [sb] out of [sth] v expr (dismiss in disgrace)把某人从某处开除Edward was drummed out of the Corps following the incident.drunk with [sth] adj figurative (overcome with emotion) (指情绪、心境等)陶醉在...中的She was drunk with excitement after winning the game.她陶醉在赢得比赛的兴奋中。dry [sth] vtr (make dry)把…弄干；烘干He dried the dishes with a towel.他用毛巾把碗碟擦干。dry-rot [sth] vtr (affect with dry rot)使...染上干腐病dry-clean [sth] vtr (clean using chemicals)干洗I won't buy any clothes that I have to have dry-cleaned.drywall [sth], dry-wall [sth], dry wall [sth] vtr US (construct using drywall)用石膏板建；用干砌石墙建Today we are going to drywall the kitchen.dub [sth] vtr (movies) (电影、电视)给…配音；译制Many European countries prefer to dub films rather than watch them with subtitles.许多欧洲人喜欢译制外国电影，不喜欢看字幕。dub [sb] [sth] vtr (give nickname) (人)给…取外号；给…起绰号Patricia's classmates dubbed her four-eyes, because she wore glasses.因为帕特丽夏戴眼镜，所以同学们给她取外号叫四眼。dub [sb] [sth] vtr (knighthood)给...封爵I dub thee Sir Lancelot.dub [sth] vtr (music soundtrack)给...配乐The studio dubbed the music into the movie after they'd finished everything else.duck [sth] vtr (blow, missile: avoid)躲闪；躲避；躲开The players had to duck a shower of various missiles as they left the pitch.运动员在离场的时候，不得不躲闪大量的抛掷物。duck under [sth], duck behind [sth] vi + prep (dive, hide)躲进；藏进To avoid saying hello, he ducked under a desk.不想打招呼的他躲进了桌子下面。duck under [sth] vi + prep (plunge into water) (水下)扎入；潜入Ryan ducked under the water and resurfaced a few seconds later.瑞恩一头扎入水中，几秒后又露出了水面。duck [sth] vtr informal (obligation) (责任等)逃避；推脱She ducked her appointment and went to the cinema instead.duck out of doing [sth] v expr informal, figurative (avoid obligation)避开；躲避；逃避He always tries to duck out of talking to my parents.play ducks and drakes with [sth], make ducks and drakes of [sth] v expr figurative (squander, handle recklessly) (金钱)打水漂due to do [sth] adj (scheduled to undergo [sth])到期该做…的The car is due to get its oil changed.车该换油了。due to do [sth] adj + prep (expected, supposed to do [sth])预计做；将要做The minister is due to meet with his French counterpart this afternoon to discuss the current economic crisis.大臣预计于今日下午会见法国方面的大臣，一同商讨当前所面临的经济危机。due to [sth] prep (caused by, because of)因为；由于The game was delayed due to bad weather.由于糟糕的天气，比赛被延期了。due to [sth] adj + prep (owing to, because of [sth])因为；由于His success is due to his careful attention to detail.他之所以成功，是因为他非常注重细节。due [sth] adj (owed [sth])应得；被欠Jack's due £300 rent from the lodger.杰克被房客拖欠了300英镑的房租。due for [sth] adj + prep (in need of [sth])应该得到…的I'm due for a vacation!我应该得到一个假期！duff [sth] vtr slang (give false appearance to)伪造duff [sth] vtr (golf: misplay) (高尔夫球)未击中duff [sth] vtr AU (steal cattle)重打烙印dull [sth] vtr (make less sharp) (刀刃等)弄钝The blade of his sword had been dulled by use.他那把剑的剑刃都用钝了。dull [sth] vtr (make less distinct)使模糊, 使阴暗The painter dulled the colors by blending them.画师混合颜色，让色彩显得更暗。dull [sth] vtr (make less acute)使迟钝；使麻木Alcohol dulls the senses.酒精让感官麻木。dump [sth] vtr (discard: rubbish, trash) (垃圾等)扔，扔掉，倒掉Angela dumped her old fridge when she got a new one.安吉拉有了新冰箱后，就把旧的扔了。dump [sth] on [sb] vtr + prep figurative, slang (responsibility, problem: offload)把...转移到...身上；把...转嫁到...身上Don't try to dump all your work on me - do it yourself! I know you're unhappy, but try not to dump your problems on other people.别想把你所有的工作都丢给我，你自己做！我知道你难过，但请试着别把你自身的问题转嫁于他人。dump [sth] vtr figurative, informal (product: price low)低价抛售；倾销The company was accused of dumping cars in the American market.有人指控该公司在美国市场倾销汽车。；dump [sth] vtr (drop, let fall)扔下；放下Just dump those papers on my desk. Dump that topsoil over here.把那些文件扔在我桌上就行了。把表层土倒在这儿。dump [sth] vtr (empty container)倒空；倒光Janet dumped the garbage can and went back inside.珍妮特把垃圾桶倒空后回到房里。dump [sth] vtr (tip out of container)倒出；倾泻William dumped the papers out of the wastebasket.威廉把文件从废纸篓里倒出来。dung [sth] vtr (fertilize with manure)给…施肥They clean out the pig shed and dung the fields in spring.dunk [sth] in [sth] vtr (immerse in liquid)将...浸泡在The lab technician dunked a cotton swab in the fluid.dunk [sth] vtr (biscuit: dip into drink)将...浸一浸；泡一泡Many people like to dunk their doughnuts.dunk [sth] in [sth] vtr (biscuit: dip into drink)浸入Sherry loves to dunk cookies in milk.dunt [sb/sth] vtr Scot (bump into)撞击；冲击dupe [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (deceive, trick [sb] into doing [sth])欺骗They duped me into thinking I would get the cheque today.duplicate [sth] vtr (copy)复制；复印The secretary duplicated the letter.duplicate [sth] vtr (recreate)重做；再现The scientists are attempting to duplicate their results.dust [sth] vtr (furniture, etc.: wipe clean)拂去…的灰尘，掸掉…的尘土，给…擦灰Richard dusted the bookcase.理查德将书架上的灰尘擦掉。dust [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (sprinkle with)将…撒在…上；将…撒于Dust the top of the cake with icing sugar.将糖霜撒在蛋糕上面。dust-mop [sth] vtr (clean [sth] with dust mop)用拖把清洁dwarf [sth/sb] vtr (be bigger than)使...显得矮小；使...相形见绌The new skyscraper dwarfs all the buildings around it.新的摩天大楼让周围的建筑相形见绌。dwarf [sth/sb] vtr figurative (be more important, significant than)使...相形见绌This service dwarfs its competitors in terms of numbers of subscribers.这款服务的订阅者数量令竞争对手相形见绌。dwell on [sth/sb], dwell upon vi + prep (be preoccupied with)一直想着Try not to dwell on your failures.不要一直想着自己的失败。dwell on [sth], dwell upon vi + prep (speak extensively about)详细阐述；详尽讲解In her lecture, the professor dwelt a great deal on the similar themes in the two texts.课上，教授长篇大论地描述了两篇文章主题的相似之处。dye [sth] vtr (change color of)给…染色； (指变成不同的颜色)染Sam has been dyeing his hair ever since it started to go grey.I don't like the colour of this shirt, so I'm going to dye it blue.自从头发变灰，山姆就一直在染发。// 我不喜欢这件衬衣的颜色，我要把它染成蓝色的。dying for [sth] adj + prep figurative, informal (wanting strongly)强烈渴望…的；非常想要…的Susan was dying for a cigarette but didn't want to go outside.苏珊非常想要抽烟不过又不想出门。dying to do [sth] v expr figurative, informal (wanting strongly to do)强烈渴望做...；非常想要做...I'm dying to see my family, after spending a year abroad.在国外一年后，我强烈渴望见到家人。dynamite [sth] vtr (blast with explosives)爆破；炸毁Prospectors dynamite the mountain and excavate the gold.eager to do [sth] adj (keen, desirous)渴望做某事，殷切盼望做某事，很想做某事I am eager to show you my new house.我很想给你展示下我的新房子。eager for [sth] adj + prep (want, anticipate)渴求；盼望I am eager for spring after being cooped up in the house all winter.被关在房子里一整个冬天后，我盼望春天的来临。eagle [sth] vtr (golf) (高尔夫)打出老鹰球备注: 指比每穴规定击球次数少击两棒入穴The player eagled the hole.earmark [sth] vtr figurative, often passive (set aside for a purpose) (资金等)指定…用途Does the committee have any funds that it has not already earmarked?earmark [sth] for [sb/sth] vtr + prep figurative, often passive (set aside for a purpose)指定用途We have earmarked the chairs in the corner for tomorrow's ceremony.earn [sth] vtr (money) (钱)挣, 赚How much will you earn per week in your new job?你新工作一周能挣多少钱？earn [sth] vtr (deserve) (奖励、荣誉等)赢得She earned the praise of the community for her voluntary work.earn [sth] vtr (obtain)赢得；博得He earned his promotion by hard work.earn [sth] vtr (lead to)招致；使获得His good interview earned him the job.earth [sth] vtr UK (electricity: connect ground wire)把（电线）接地Is that plug earthed?earwig [sth] vtr UK, informal (eavesdrop on, listen in to)偷听ease [sth] vtr (reduce pressure) (压力、负担等)缓减, 减轻The new construction eased the demand for houses.新建筑缓减了对住房的需求。ease [sth] vtr (reduce tension)减低…的强度；减轻He loosened the rope to ease the tension in it.他稍微放松了一点，让绳子不那么紧绷。ease [sth] vtr (relieve) (痛楚、忧郁等)缓减, 减轻；纾解A good massage will ease your aching muscles.一次舒适的按摩可缓减您肌肉的酸痛。ease [sth] vtr (loosen, relax)把…从某处放开；松开He eased his foot off the accelerator.他松开了踩在油门上的脚。ease through [sth] vi + prep (move carefully)小心地移动位置He eased gently through the dense crowd.他小心翼翼地从拥挤的人群中穿过。ease [sth] vtr (make easier)使…容易；有助于A few well-placed bribes eased the way for the planning application to be approved.几次贿赂找对了人，为规划申请的批准铺平了道路。ease into [sth] vi + prep (get into gently)轻轻地进入He eased into the chair and put his aching feet up on a stool.ease yourself into [sth] vi + prep (get into gently)让自己轻轻地进入ease into [sth] vi + prep figurative (undertake slowly)慢慢来You have to ease into your work after a week away from the office.ease yourself into [sth] vi + prep figurative (undertake slowly)让自己慢慢来east of [sth] adv + prep (to the east of [sth])在…以东；在...东边The rich people live east of the river.富人住在河东边。east of [sth] adj + prep (in an easterly direction from [sth])在…东面，位于…东侧Great Britain is east of Ireland.大不列颠位于爱尔兰的东侧。eat [sth] vtr (consume a food)吃；食用I eat pasta every day.我每天都会吃意大利面。eat [sth] vtr (food: chew and swallow) (食物)咬, 咀嚼I have difficulty eating meat because of my loose teeth.我牙齿松动了，咀嚼有困难。eat [sth] vtr figurative (ravage)蚕食； (比喻)吞噬Her ability to love was eaten by his cruelty and mistreatment.他爱的能力被他的残忍和虐待蚕食殆尽。eavesdrop on [sb/sth] vi + prep (listen secretly to)偷听…的谈话；对...窃听How did you know that? Were you eavesdropping on my phone call?你是怎么知道的？你当时在对我的电话进行窃听吗？echelon [sth/sb] vtr (military: form into echelon)组成梯阵；排成梯队echo [sth/sb] vtr figurative (talking: repeat)随声附和；重复...的话；应和The student was just echoing what his teacher had told him; he didn't really know what he was talking about.那名学生不过是在应和老师说过的话，他其实不知道自己在说什么。echo [sth] vtr figurative (be reminiscent of)使联想到；使想起These new sports cars echo the designs of the 1960s.echo back [sth] to [sb], echo [sth] back to [sb] v expr figurative (repeat [sb]'s opinion words back to)附和某人说的话；重复某人的话You will not receive a good grade if you simply echo back the author's words to the teacher.eclipse [sth] vtr (astronomy: obscure, cover) (天文学)形成…食；遮蔽The moon passed in front of the sun, eclipsing it.edge [sth] vtr (apply an edge to)给…加边Edge the board so it will fit the open space tightly.edge [sth] vtr (trim)为…修边；给…形成边I have mown the lawn, now I need to edge it.edge [sth] vtr (sharpen)磨利, 磨快；使锐利The cook edged her knife before cutting the meat.edit [sth] vtr (oversee publication of)主编Sean edits a local newspaper; he has a small team of reporters under him.肖恩是一家当地报刊的主编，在他手下有一个小型记者团队。edit [sth] vtr (amend: text)修订；修改The teacher suggested that Harriet edit her opening paragraph to make it more snappy.老师建议哈里特修改开篇段落，使其更为生动。edit [sth] vtr (select contents for: book, anthology)编辑；选辑A well-known author edited this anthology of poems.这本诗选是一位著名作家编辑的。educate [sb] in [sth] vtr (instruct)在…方面教育某人Who will educate the children in the proper care of their textbooks?谁来教孩子们爱护教科书？educate [sb] about [sth] vtr (inform, enlighten)告诉某人某事；向某人说明某事The doctor educated us about the dangers of antibiotics.医生告诉了我们抗生素的危害性。educe [sth] vtr (elicit)引出；导出efface [sth] vtr (erase, rub out)擦掉；抹去；磨灭The waves had effaced the message written in the sand.efface [sth] vtr (eclipse, blot out)使黯然失色；使黯淡Jill's happy marriage to Leo had effaced all memory of her time with Ken.effect [sth] vtr (bring about [sth])使发生，带来，引起The government effected change through its policy of taxation.政府通过税收政策引发了变革。effectuate [sth] vtr (cause, bring about)招致；导致egg [sth] vtr (cookery: coat in egg) (烹饪)给…裹上一层蛋液First you egg the chicken pieces, then you roll them in flour.首先给鸡肉上裹上一层蛋液，然后沾匀面粉。egg [sth/sb] vtr often passive (throw eggs at)朝…扔鸡蛋；向…丢鸡蛋The crowd booed and egged the politician's car.eighty-six [sb/sth] vtr US, slang (reject, discard) (俚语)丢弃, 丢掉, 扔掉；驱逐, 逐出ejaculate [sth] vtr dated, literary (exclaim)忽然激动地喊出备注: Used with direct speech."Good heavens!" George ejaculated.eject [sb/sth] vtr often passive (throw out, remove)驱逐；赶出The security guard ejected a woman from the auditorium when she jeered the speaker.eject [sb/sth] vtr often passive (propel)喷射；射出The pilot's seat ejected him from his plane when the rocket hit it.eject [sth] vtr (disk, cartridge) (光盘、墨盒)弹出...，退出...eject [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (disk, cartridge: from a machine) (从机器中退出光盘、墨盒等)从...中退出；从...中弹出eke [sth] vtr archaic (increase)增加；提高The merchant turned to smuggling to eke his income.那位商人为增加收入，转而从事走私活动。elaborate on [sth] vi + prep (explain in greater detail)详细阐述；详尽解释Could you elaborate on your earlier comment about unemployment?你能详细描述一下早先你对失业的评论吗？elaborate [sth] vtr (work out, develop)详尽构思；一步步发展The author is currently elaborating his idea for a novel.作者当前正在为一部小说详尽构思。elasticate [sth] vtr (add elastic to)使…有弹力，使…有弹性elasticize [sth], also UK: elasticise [sth] vtr (clothing: add elastic)使…具有弹性elasticize [sth], also UK: elasticise [sth] vtr figurative (time, money, rules: make flexible)使…更灵活；使…具有灵活性elated with [sth], elated at [sth] adj + prep (joyful about)对于…兴高采烈；对…欢欣鼓舞We were elated with the news about the wedding.我们对婚礼之事欢欣鼓舞。elect [sb] to [sth] vtr (appoint by voting)选举This year, voters will elect two new people to the town council.elect [sb] as [sth] vtr (appoint by voting)选举Voters elected the retired principal as mayor of their city.elect to do [sth] vi + prep formal (choose)选择做某事Party A to the contract elects to commission services from Party B.electrify [sth] vtr often passive (charge electrically)使通电，给…充电Be careful - the farmer has electrified that fence to stop intruders.electroplate [sth] vtr (apply metal coating to)电镀an element of [sth] n (factor)...的因素；...的成分There was an element of luck involved when he won the race.他的比赛胜利中有运气的因素。the elements of [sth] npl (basics of a subject)基本原理；基础The book covers the elements of the subject.elevate [sth/sb] vtr (physically: raise, lift)提起；举起The moving platform elevated the singer during her concert.elevate [sth], elevate [sth] to [sth] vtr figurative (aggrandize)提高Many people elevate the consumer lifestyle even if it hurts their personal finances.elevate [sb], elevate [sb] to [sth] vtr figurative (aggrandize)抬高I'm tired of people elevating tacky reality TV stars.elevate [sth] vtr formal (prices, etc.: increase) (价格等)提高The grocery store elevated prices on milk and butter last week.elicit [sth] vtr (prompt interest, reaction, a smile)引出，引起；得到Jack asked Eliza dozens of questions, but none of them elicited a response.杰克问了艾丽扎许多问题，但一个回答都没有得到。elicit [sth] vtr (get information, answers)得出；引出；获知Two hours of questioning failed to elicit a response from the suspect.经过两个小时的审讯，嫌疑人依旧没有吐口。elicit [sth] from [sb] vtr + prep (get [sth] from [sb])从...引发出，从...诱出；引导...得出The teacher tried to elicit the right answer from the students.老师试图引导学生得出正确的答案。elide [sth] vtr (pronunciation: omit)省略…的发音；省去…的音；（发音中）省略elide [sth] vtr (eliminate, omit)省略；删略eligible for [sth] adj + prep (entitled to claim)有资格享受…的；有权利得到…的We are eligible for a tax credit because of the energy-efficient furnace we installed.我们安装了节能锅炉，有资格享受税务优惠。eligible to do [sth] adj (entitled to receive)有资格做…的；有权利做…的The letter confirmed the family was eligible to receive a government grant to insulate their house.信函确认了这家人有资格接受政府补助金，对其房屋进行保温处理。eliminate [sth] vtr (get rid of)除去；去除；除掉The kidneys help to eliminate the body's waste.eliminate [sth] from [sth] vtr (get rid of)消除Supposedly, this filter eliminates 99% of harmful contaminants from the water.eliminate [sth] vtr (rule out)排除；把…排除在外We haven't yet eliminated the idea of a picnic from our plans.elongate [sth] vtr (stretch, make longer)延长；拉长Elongate the dough a little more before you add the filling.elucidate [sth] vtr (clarify)阐明；澄清；解释The mayor was asked to elucidate his reasons for hiring his niece.elude [sth] vtr figurative (escape grasp)不为…所理解；不为…所明白The cure for this deadly disease still eludes medical science.email [sb] [sth], e-mail vtr (send: to [sb] via email)给某人通过电子邮件发送I will email you the directions.我会给你通过电子邮件发送指示。email [sth] to [sb], e-mail vtr (send: [sth] via email)通过电邮将...寄给；通过电子邮件给...发送I'll email the invoices to all our customers.我会通过电子邮件把发票寄给我们的所有客户。emanate from [sth/sb] vi + prep (be emitted)从…发出；从…散发出An unpleasant smell emanated from the food cupboard.emanate from [sth/sb] vi + prep figurative (arise)从...产生A melancholy air seemed to emanate from Mary that day.emanate [sth] vtr figurative (give off, emit)散发出；发出Liza emanates an air of grace and sophistication.emasculate [sth] vtr figurative (reduce effectiveness of: [sth])削弱Local politics often turns into a popularity contest, which emasculates the real issues.embalm [sb/sth] vtr (preserve: dead body) (尸体)对...进行防腐处理Ralph chose an unusual career when he decided to learn how to embalm bodies.embalm [sth] vtr figurative (keep [sth] unchanged)使...不朽；使...经久不衰embalm [sth] vtr archaic (make [sth] smell good)使...充满香味embank [sth] vtr (surround with an embankment)筑堤围堵；筑堤防护；筑堤围护embargo on [sth] n (trade ban)禁止交易；禁运Several countries are maintaining their embargo on trade with the alleged terrorist state.embargo on [sth] n (shipping ban)禁运令；封港令The temporary embargo on meat products from Europe has now been lifted.之前针对欧洲肉类产品的禁运令现已解除。embargo on [sth] n (ban, prohibition)禁止；限制The school administration's embargo on sugary snacks was not popular with the kids.学校管理员对含糖零食加以限制，这让孩子们颇为不满。embargo [sth] vtr (ban trade with)禁止贸易Cuba has been embargoed by the United States since 1960.embargo [sth] vtr (ban the trading of)禁运The government has embargoed arms supplies to this troubled country.embark on [sth], embark upon [sth] vi + prep (journey: start) (旅程)开始What should you take before you embark on a three-day hike?embark on [sth], embark upon [sth] vi + prep (project: start) (项目等)上马，启动，开始We had no idea what the project would involve when we embarked on it.embay [sth] vtr (wind: force into a bay)使...进入海湾embay [sth] vtr (geology: enclose in a bay) (地质学) 没有提供翻译 embay [sth] vtr (geology: form into a bay) (地质学)使…形成湾embed [sth] vtr (insert deeply)使插入；使嵌入The bricklayer placed the brick on the mortar and embedded it.砌砖工人将砖放在砂浆上嵌入。embed [sth] in [sth], embed [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (insert deeply)把...埋入...；把...插入...；把…嵌入…The gardener dug a hole and embedded the plant in it. When the wall was built, the builder had embedded a decorative stone into it, just above the window.园丁挖了个坑，然后把植株埋入其中。墙体建好之后，建筑工在窗户上面的位置嵌入了一块装饰性的石头。embed [sth] vtr figurative, usually passive (implant, integrate)嵌入；深埋People rarely forget their native languages; it's something that is deeply embedded.很少有人会忘记自己的母语，那可是嵌入骨髓的东西。embed [sth] vtr (computer code: nest) (计算机代码)嵌入The programmer used HTML to embed the objects.程序员用HTML嵌入对象。embed [sb] with [sth], imbed [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep slang, usually passive (attach to the military) (随军)将某人分派给，让某人与...随行The reporter was embedded with an army unit.Some of the soldiers objected to reporters being embedded in their units.embed [sth] in [sth], imbed [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep figurative, usually passive (implant, integrate)把...深埋在...；使...在...生根John's love of children is deeply embedded in his personality.约翰对孩子的爱深深地根植在他的个性中。embed [sth] vtr (mathematics: contain) (数学映射)使…嵌入embellish [sth] vtr (adorn)装饰；布置Margret used embroidery to embellish the pillows.embellish [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (adorn with)用…装饰；用…布置The seamstress embellished the gown with intricate beadwork.embellish [sth] vtr figurative (add fanciful detail to)润色；给...添加细节If her day was boring, Blanche embellishes the details when she tells her friends what happened.embezzle [sth] vtr (take by fraud)盗用；挪用It was eventually discovered that the banker had embezzled hundreds of thousands of dollars.emblazon [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (decorate, inscribe)用...装饰；把...刻在...上Sonia emblazoned the name of her favorite band on her backpack.emblazon [sth] vtr (display)显示；炫耀The team's logo was emblazoned around town in the days before the championship game.embodied in [sth] adj + prep figurative (represented by)体现在；包含在Freedom of speech is a right embodied in the US Constitution.embody [sth] vtr (concretely represent)使...具体化；体现The artist's work embodied the spirit of the age.那位艺术家的作品体现了时代精神。embody [sth] vtr (person: be example of)体现；具体表现My husband embodies everything that is good about being a man.我丈夫的身上体现了男人的所有良好品质。embody [sth] vtr (include, contain)包含；容纳Richard does not believe in God, but recognizes that religion embodies certain values that are good for society.理查德不信仰宗教，但他承认，宗教中包含了一些对社会有益的价值观。emboss [sth] vtr (decorate in relief)在…上刻浮雕The artist will emboss silver with custom images.embower [sth] vtr archaic (enclose in a bower) (古语)处于凉亭中, 隐藏在树荫中embrace [sth] vtr figurative (accept)拥护, 完全接受；完全采纳； (比喻接受)拥抱His colleagues embraced his proposals.同事积极采纳了他的提议。embrace [sth] vtr figurative (welcome)（欣然）抓住；（乐于）利用I would urge you to embrace this opportunity before it is too late.我必须提醒你及时抓住这次机会。embrace [sth] vtr figurative (adopt)欣然接受，接纳；信奉The emperor eventually embraced the new religion.皇帝最终接纳了新宗教。embrace [sth] vtr figurative (comprise)包括；包含Mathematics embraces arithmetic, algebra and geometry.embroider [sth] vtr (sew a design onto)刺绣Molly embroidered the hem of her jeans.embroider [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (design: sew onto [sth]) (设计)在...上刺某种绣，在...上绣某种花；在...绣上Jamie embroidered a red bird on her handkerchief.embroider [sth] onto [sth] vtr (design: sew onto [sth])在…上绣Sally is embroidering flowers onto the cushion cover.embroider [sth] vtr figurative (add invented details to) (比喻)添油加醋, 大肆渲染The suspect embroidered his story with false details to fool the detective.embroil [sb] in [sth] vtr often passive (involve, entangle)使…卷入；使…惹上The mayor's views have embroiled him in an ethics scandal.emend [sth] vtr (amend critically)校订；校勘emerge from [sth] vi + prep (come out of)从…冒出来；从…出现A mole emerged from a hole in the ground.一只鼹鼠从一个地洞里冒出来了。emit [sth] vtr (give off)散发；排出The meter emits a short beep every hour when functioning normally.emit [sth] vtr (utter)发出He opened the door to the cellar and emitted a loud scream.emotionalize [sth] vtr US (make emotional)使...带有感情色彩；使...动情；使...感情化empathize with [sth], also UK: empathise with [sth] vi + prep (understand feelings)感同身受地理解（某种情感）I can empathize with your sadness at losing your Dad.emphasize [sth], also UK: emphasise [sth] vtr (say, repeat for clarity)强调，着重The teacher emphasized the importance of reading the exam questions carefully.老师强调了考试时仔细阅题的重要性。emphasize [sth], also UK: emphasise [sth] vtr (stress, say more loudly)加强…的语气Raising his voice, he emphasized the words.他把声音提高，加强了说话的语气。emphasize [sth], also UK: emphasise [sth] vtr (shape, etc.: accentuate)使突出，使突显This dress will emphasize your curves perfectly.这条裙子能完美地突显出你的身材。emphatic about [sth] adj + prep (adamant, determined)明确表示的Jeff was emphatic about making the change.emplace [sth] vtr (put in place)使…到位，使…就位employ [sth] vtr (use)用；使用We are employing the term "freedom" in its broadest sense.在使用“自由”这个词的时候，我们讲得是它的最广义。employ [sth] vtr (tool)利用The stonemason employed a chisel to carve the stone.那位石匠利用凿子雕刻石头。empower [sb] to do [sth] vtr figurative (give confidence to do)使某人更好地做某事The seminars are intended to empower boys to talk about their mental health.这系列研讨会旨在使男孩子们能更自信地谈论自身心理健康问题。empower [sb] to do [sth] v expr (authorize)赋权给某人做某事The legislation empowers town councils to organize cooperatives.法律赋权给镇委员会组织合作社。empty [sth] vtr (remove contents)清空；倒空Empty that box please, I need to use it for my books.请把那个箱子清空，我需要用它来装书。empty [sth] vtr (unload)使变空；倒空；卸空The removals men emptied the van.empty [sth] out, empty out [sth] vtr + adv (take out: contents of [sth])倒空；将…全拿出来Jessica emptied out the contents of her handbag onto the kitchen table.emulate [sb/sth] vtr (person, performance: equal)媲美；比得上See if you can emulate your brother's performance on the test.emulate [sth] vtr (be as good as) (比得上)可与...比美，赛过, 堪与...匹敌The newest model emulates the bestseller but is a lot cheaper.emulate [sth] vtr (computing: substitute)仿真The computer is using a program that emulates an older operating system.；emulsify [sth] vtr (turn into an emulsion)使…乳化en route to [sth] prep (on the way)在去...途中；在去...路上enable [sth] vtr (computers: turn on feature) (计算机)启用, 激活She enabled the compression feature of the software.她激活了软件的压缩功能。enable [sb] to do [sth] v expr (empower, make able to do)使能够做某事；使可能做某事The knife enabled him to cut open the box.刀子使他能够把盒子打开。enable [sth] vtr (make possible)使…成为可能This evidence enables a fresh look at the case.enact [sth] vtr (law) (法律)制定；颁布The government has enacted a new tax law.政府制定了一部新的税务法。enact [sth] vtr (portray dramatically)上演；表演The theatre group enacted one of Shakespeare's plays.剧院中上演了一出莎士比亚戏剧。enamel [sth] vtr (apply coating)给...涂以瓷釉；彩饰The jeweller enamelled the pendant.enamor [sb/sth] (US), enamour [sb/sth] (UK) vtr (enchant, endear)使...倾心，使...迷恋，迷住备注: Most often in the passive and followed by 'of'.John became a television star, enamoring teenagers all over the world.enamored of [sth] (US), enamoured of [sth] (UK) adj + prep (very fond of [sth])热爱…的，迷恋…的，对…倾心的Ever since high school, I've been completely enamored of history.encapsulate [sth] vtr figurative (summarize)总结, 归纳The poem encapsulates the experience of motherhood.encapsulate [sth] vtr (enclose)封装The radioactive substance is encapsulated in lead.encapsulate [sth] vtr (put in a capsule)将...装入囊中The insect encapsulates each egg in a mud pellet.encase [sth/sb] in [sth] vtr + prep often passive (enclose, cover)将…包裹在...中；将…装入...中The cheesemaker encased the wheel of cheese in a thick layer of wax.encash [sth] vtr UK (turn into cash)把...变现encipher [sth] vtr (put into code)对…进行加密；把…译成密码；给...编码encircle [sth/sb] vtr (surround)包围；环绕The crowd encircled the popular rock band.encircle [sth/sb] vtr (circle: move around)围着...绕圈encircle [sth/sb] vtr (circle: form a circle around)环绕；围绕The trees of the forest encircle the small town.enclose [sth] vtr (surround) (包裹、信封等)包住，把…装入，围住A high stone wall enclosed the garden.一堵高耸的石墙将花园围住。enclose [sth/sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (contain, restrict)把…围起来You can enclose the text in a box to make it stand out.你可以用一个方框把文本围起来，以起到突出的作用。enclose [sth] vtr (include in envelope)附上；随函附上I enclose my resume for your consideration.随函附上一份我的简历，供您参考。encode [sth] vtr (encrypt)编码；加密The spy encoded her message.encompass [sth] vtr (include)包括，包含The reorganization plan encompasses all employees.重组计划包括所有员工。encompass [sth] vtr (surround)环绕；围绕Mountains encompass the lake.群山环绕着湖。encounter [sth] vtr (experience a problem)遭遇（不好的事情）He encountered many problems at the remote site.他在远程站点遇到了很多问题。encounter [sth] vtr (find)撞见；偶然发现They encountered three dead bodies in the old house.他们在老房子里撞见了三具死尸。encounter [sb/sth] vtr (military: meet in conflict) (军事)与...会战；与...对峙They encountered the enemy off the coast of Spain.encourage [sb] to do [sth] v expr (urge, support to do)鼓励…做The teacher encouraged them to discuss the book in class.老师鼓励他们在课堂上讨论那本书的内容。encrust [sth] vtr (cover with [sth] crusty)给...包以硬壳encrust [sth] with [sth] vtr (cover with [sth] crusty)给...包上...encrust [sth] vtr (cover with gemstones) (用宝石等)装饰；镶嵌encrust [sth] with [sth] vtr (cover with gemstones)给...镶嵌...encrusted with [sth], incrusted with [sth] adj + prep (coated with a dried substance)形成...硬外层的；结成...硬壳的The top of the pastry was encrusted with brown sugar.encrusted with [sth], incrusted with [sth] adj + prep (covered: with jewels)镶饰...的The king's crown was encrusted with precious jewels.encrypt [sth] vtr (put into code)将…译成密码；把…加密The government is working to encrypt information in order to protect citizens.encumber [sb/sth] vtr (impede: progress, effort)阻碍；妨碍Unreasonable restrictions have encumbered this project since the beginning.encyclopedic knowledge of [sth] (US), encyclopaedic knowledge of [sth] (UK) n (extensive knowledge)广博的知识；渊博的知识The children were impressed by their grandfather's encyclopedic knowledge of aircraft.encyst [sth] vtr usu passive (afflict with cysts)把…包在囊内；被包在囊内；结成胞囊end [sth] vtr (bring to a conclusion)结束；终止She ended their relationship after just two months.仅仅两个月后，她便结束了他们的关系。the end, the end of [sth] n (destruction)毁灭；末日It's the end of the world as we know it.end [sth] vtr (destroy, thwart)摧毁；破坏The rain ended our plans to play tennis.end [sth] off, end off [sth] vtr + adv informal (bring to a conclusion)结束了…end up doing [sth] v expr (eventually have to do)最终；到头来Julia turned Larry down, so he ended up going to the prom by himself.茱莉亚拒绝了拉里，最后他只能自己一个人去参加了舞会。endanger [sb/sth] vtr (life, person: put in danger)使...面临危险，使...受到威胁No parent would wilfully endanger the life of a child.endanger [sth] vtr (species: threaten with extinction) (物种)使濒危, 使濒临灭绝Many butterfly species are endangered by loss of habitat.endanger [sth] vtr (put at risk)拿…冒险；使…陷于险境；危及The ruling has endangered our plans to develop the property.endeavor to do [sth] (US), endeavour to do [sth] (UK) vi + prep (try to)尝试；尽力；努力Do not endeavor to change his mind; you'll regret it.别尝试改变他的想法，不然你会后悔的。endorse [sth], also US: indorse [sth] vtr (approve of, support: an idea, plan)赞同，支持，认可The boss endorsed Karen's plan to make the office more efficient.老板支持卡伦提高办公室效率的计划。endorse [sth], also US: indorse [sth] vtr (support, promote: a product)给...做广告；给...做推广宣传；为…代言The celebrity endorsed the product in return for a large payment.那位名人为该产品代言以此获得高额回报。endorse [sth], also US: indorse [sth] vtr (sign as payee: a cheque) (支票)背书，在...背面签字The bank asked the customer to endorse the cheque by signing it on the back.银行要求客户在支票背后签字背书。endorse [sth] vtr UK (driver's licence)在...上标注违章记录The court endorsed Jack's licence with six penalty points.法庭在杰克的执照上标注了六分的违章惩罚。endow [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (give abilities, qualities)赋予某人某物；将某物赐予某人Shirley decided that as God had seen fit to endow her with a great singing voice, she would become a singer.雪莉决定，既然上帝赋予了自己一把唱歌的好嗓子，她就要去做一位歌手。endow [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (give money for [sth])给...捐助；捐赠...给The alumnus endowed his university with £100,000.be endowed with [sth] v expr (be gifted, equipped with [sth])有...的天资；有...的天赋He is endowed with a huge sense of humor.他具有很高的幽默天赋。endue [sth] with [sth], indue [sth] with [sth] vtr (endow)赋予；给予；授予endure [sth] vtr (last through)耐住，经受住The couple's love had endured trials and tribulations.这对夫妻的爱情经受住了考验和磨难。endure [sth] vtr (suffer)忍受，忍耐Adam endured the ache in his muscles and managed to finish the marathon.亚当忍受着肌肉的疼痛，成功跑完了马拉松。an enemy of [sth] n (person: opponent)反对者；对抗者This environmentalist is an enemy of the government's policy on nuclear energy.the enemy of [sth] n figurative ([sth] hostile)不利物，危害物； (比喻)敌人Ignorance is the enemy of progress.energize [sth], UK: energise [sth] vtr (fill [sth] with energy)给…能量；给...精力Microwave ovens work by energizing the water molecules in food.enfeeble [sb/sth] vtr (weaken, sap strength of)使衰弱；削弱；使无力The tranquilizer quickly enfeebled the tiger, allowing rescue workers to relocate him without injury to him or themselves.enfold [sth/sb], infold [sth/sb] vtr (envelop)包住；围住；包封The group disappeared from view as the evening mist enfolded them.enforce [sth] vtr (law, rule: keep in force) (法律、规章等)强制执行The headteacher enforced the rules without making any exceptions.校长强制执行了规章，不允许任何例外。enforce [sth] vtr (obtain by force)强迫；强制Companies disregarding the new legislation will receive a court order to enforce compliance.不遵守新法规的公司将收到强制执行的法庭令。engage [sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (involve in)使参与；使加入It is important to engage children in discussions about issues that affect the whole family.让孩子们参与涉及整个家庭的事宜的讨论很重要。engage [sth] vtr (gear: lock in position)挂挡Mike engaged the first gear and sped away.麦克挂上一挡开走了。engage [sth/sb] vtr (get into combat with)与…交战，与…交锋The army engaged the enemy.部队与敌人交战。engage with [sth] vi + prep (be committed, involved with)忙于；从事；投入于It can be hard persuading people to engage with politics.劝说人们从政可能会很难。engage in [sth] vi + prep (participate, be involved in)忙于；从事；投入于The candidate engaged in a smear campaign against his opponent.那位候选人针对竞争对手开展了抹黑宣传。engage to do [sth] v expr (commit to do)保证做某事，承诺做某事The government has engaged to assist the organization's aid efforts.政府承诺为该组织的援助工作提供帮助。engage in [sth] vi + prep formal (do)做出；做下I trust you will no longer engage in such childish behaviour.我相信你不会再做出如此幼稚的行为。be engaged in [sth], be engaged by [sth] v expr (engrossed)专注于；全身心投入I was so engaged in what Owen was telling me that I missed my bus.我太过专注于欧文当时给我讲的事情了，结果错过了公交车。be engaged in [sth] v expr (be involved in [sth])参与The company was engaged in negotiations with view to a possible merger.engender [sth] vtr figurative (generate, lead to)产生；引起Too much free time engenders mischief among teenagers.the engine of [sth], an engine for [sth] n figurative (stimulus) (比喻)刺激, 刺激物； (比喻)导火索, 加速器This latest government policy is likely to prove the engine of the party's destruction.engineer [sth] vtr (design)设计He engineered the construction of those bridges.他设计了那些桥的建造。engineer [sth] vtr (build)设计制造This machine was engineered very well.这台机器设计制造得非常好。engineer [sth] vtr figurative (make happen) (比喻)安排；策划The campaign manager engineered the election of the president.竞选经理策划了总统选举活动。engorge [sth] vtr (make full or swollen with fluid)使充满（液体）；填满（液体）engraft [sth], ingraft [sth] vtr (graft on)嫁接engraft [sth], ingraft [sth] vtr (implant)移植engrail [sth] vtr (indent the edge of)使成锯齿形；使…呈锯齿状花边engrave [sth] vtr (carve, etch)雕刻；镌刻Ronald is learning how to engrave metal.engrave [sth] vtr (decorate by carving or etching)雕刻Peter engraves bracelets and sells them at fairs.engrave [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (decorate by carving or etching)雕刻Danielle engraved the bracelet with tiny flowers.engrave [sth] on [sth], engrave [sth] onto [sth] vtr (carve, etch onto [sth])镌刻The jeweler engraved the customer's initials on the pendant.engrave [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep figurative, usually passive (mark deeply) (比喻)将...镌刻在, 将...铭记于, 将...铭刻于His mother's last words were engraved on Harry's heart forever.engross [sth] vtr formal (law: produce [sth] in its final form) (法律)正式誊清Pundits expect the Senate to engross the bill by tomorrow.engrossed in [sth] adj + prep (absorbed, involved in)专心于；全神贯注于Rosa doesn't notice anything when she's engrossed in a book.engulf [sth] vtr (cover)吞没；吞噬The tsunami engulfed several coastal villages.enhance [sth] vtr (improve)提高, 改善, 改进；加强, 增强He enhanced his prospects of finding a job by getting a college degree.他获得了大学学位，就业前景有所改善。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 这个软件的功能加强了。enhance [sth] vtr (make bigger)增大She enhanced her breasts with implants.enhance [sth] vtr (make more valuable)使…更有价值Good graphics enhance the impact of your presentation.好的图表能让你的演示更具影响力。enjoin [sb] to do [sth] v expr (order, instruct)命令某人做某事；嘱咐某人做某事；吩咐某人做某事The decree enjoined all men over the age of 16 to join the army.enjoy [sth] vtr (take pleasure in)享受…的乐趣；乐于；喜欢I always enjoy a good book.我向来喜欢看好书。enjoy doing [sth] v expr (take pleasure in doing)享受做；喜欢做I enjoy watching rugby, but I have never played it myself.我很喜欢看橄榄球比赛，不过自己从来没有玩过。enjoy [sth] vtr (have as a benefit)有；享有I've always enjoyed good health.我的身体一直很健康。enjoy the use of [sth] v expr (have available)享有；拥有The property enjoys the use of a marina and tennis court.enjoy the use of [sth] v expr (take pleasure in)享用；享受地使用We are enjoying the use of our swimming pool.enlace [sth], inlace [sth] vtr literary (intertwine)纠缠；交织enlace [sth], inlace [sth] vtr literary (encircle as with a lace or cord)给…镶边enlarge [sth] vtr (make bigger)使扩大；使增大John used the photocopier to enlarge the poster.enlighten [sb] about [sth] vtr + prep figurative (explain or clarify to)使...明白...；使...知道...Would somebody please enlighten me about whatever is going on here!enlighten [sb] as to [sth] v expr figurative (explain or clarify to)使...明白...；使...清楚...The manager asked his staff to enlighten him as to what exactly was involved in the project.enlighten [sb] about [sth] vtr + prep figurative (inform)教导；指导Ray is an expert on French existentialism, so he can enlighten you about that branch of philosophy.enlighten [sb] as to [sth] v expr figurative (inform)告诉；介绍清楚I wonder if you could enlighten me as to the best way to get to Oxford Street?enlighten [sth] vtr literal, archaic (light, illuminate) (古语，书面语)照耀Catherine lit candles to enlighten the room.enlist [sth] vtr (engage: services, help) (服务等)雇佣； (指雇佣服务等)请We enlisted the services of a plumber to clean up the mess.我们请了一位水管工进行清理。enliven [sth] vtr (make more lively)使...更活跃Nina's presence enlivened the party.enliven [sth] vtr figurative (make brighter)使...有活力；使...有生气The new yellow curtains really enliven the room.enmesh [sth/sb] vtr (tangle up, involve)使...陷入；使...卷入The fishing net enmeshed several dolphins, but the sailors were able to free them.enmeshed in [sth] adj (tangled up)陷入…中的；被…缠住的The dolphin became enmeshed in a fishing net.enmeshed in [sth] adj + prep figurative (involved)卷入…中的；陷入…中的The senator became quickly enmeshed in the scandal.enqueue [sth] vtr (computing: add to queue) (计算机)入队；加入队列enrapture [sb/sth] vtr figurative (enchant, fascinate)使…狂喜, 使…着迷enrich [sth] vtr often passive (food: add vitamins) (食物)给…添加维生素, 使...更有营养The company enriches their cereal so that they can advertise its health benefits.这家公司在麦片中加入了维生素，好宣传麦片的健康优势。enrich [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep often passive (food: add vitamins) (食物)给...增加Rice is typically enriched with B vitamins.在大米中增加维生素B是一种典型的做法。enrich [sth] vtr figurative (experience: make meaningful)充实；使有意义；使丰富The trip to the farm really enriched the students' understanding.农场之旅让学生们涨了不少知识。enroll in [sth] (US), enrol in [sth] (UK), enrol on [sth] (UK), enrol for [sth] (UK) vi + prep (education: enlist, register) (课程)报名, 注册Gina enrolled in a course in French history.吉娜报名参加了法国历史课程。enroll in [sth] (US), enrol in [sth] (UK) vtr + prep (education: enlist, register) (课程)报名，注册； (学校)进入She didn't enroll in college till the age of twenty-two.她直到22岁才上大学。enroll [sb] in [sth] (US), enrol [sb] in [sth] (UK) vtr + prep (enlist, register)将某人登记在某处；在某处注册某人The Bensons enrolled their son in a private school.贝森家送儿子去一所私立学校登记就读。enshrine [sth] vtr (relics: in a shrine)珍藏；供奉The relics are enshrined in a small case on the altar.enshrine [sth] vtr figurative (values: in law, etc.) (比喻)把...奉为神圣；敬畏；将...供奉在神坛上These monuments enshrine our dearest values.enshrine [sth] in [sth] vtr figurative (values: in law, etc.)铭记These rights are enshrined in our constitution.enshroud [sth] vtr (wrap or cover up)彻底盖住, 完全罩住A thick blanket of clouds enshrouded the town.enshroud [sth] vtr figurative (veil, conceal) (比喻)隐藏, 掩盖, 遮掩The politicians took measures to enshroud the scandal.ensnare [sth/sb] vtr (trap, entrap)使...落入陷阱；诱...入圈套Josh became ensnared in his co-worker's lies and was fired.ensnare [sth] vtr (animal: catch in a trap) (动物)诱捕, 将...诱入陷阱This ingenious trap will ensnare rabbits.ensue from [sth] vi + prep (be a result or consequence of)由...引发的；从...产生的The changes that ensued from the meetings between the council and local residents really improved the area.从议会与当地居民会面中产生的变化，让这一地区确实有了改善。ensure [sth], also US: insure [sth] vtr (secure, guarantee)保证；确保You should avoid drinking coffee in the evening to ensure a good night's sleep.晚上最好不要喝咖啡，省的睡不着觉。ensure [sb] [sth], also US: insure [sb] [sth] vtr (guarantee [sth] for [sb])保证Her cheerful manner ensured her a warm welcome at our house.她乐观欢快，我们家随时欢迎她。entail [sth] vtr (require, involve)必需；需要Getting a degree entails a lot of hard work.要获得学位必须付出极大的努力。entangle [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep often passive (tangle up: in strings, etc.)用...缠绕；以...纠结；用...缠住The kitten was entangled in a mass of yarn.entangle [sb] in [sth] vtr + prep figurative, often passive (involve: [sb] in [sth]) (比喻)使某人陷入；导致某人卷入Bernard's brother entangled him in a pyramid scheme.be entangled in [sth] v expr figurative (involved in: a complicated situation)被卷入；被牵连；陷入enter [sth] vtr (go inside)进入He entered the house.他进入了房子。enter [sth] vtr (contest: participate) (比赛等)报名参加He decided to enter the contest to see if he could win.他决定参赛，看自己能不能取胜。enter [sth] vtr (begin membership, participation)从事；参与；成为...的一员He entered the medical profession after years of schooling.上了许多年学后，他终于进入了医护行业。enter [sb], enter [sb] into [sth] vtr (gain membership for [sb])给...报名参加The father entered his son in the race.这位父亲给他儿子报名参加了比赛。enter [sth] in [sth], enter [sth] into [sth], enter [sth] on [sth] vtr (on a form: give information)填写；填上He entered his name on the first line of the form.他在表格的第一行填写了自己的名字。enter [sth] vtr (data, etc.: type, key in)键入；输入Enter the code using the numeric keypad.请用数字键盘键入密码。enter [sth] in [sth], enter [sth] into [sth], enter [sth] on [sth] vtr (data: type, key into [sth])将...输入；将...录入The analyst entered the data into the database.分析员将数据录入数据库。enter [sth] vtr (submit)提交Enter your application for admission before the deadline.请在截止日期前提交申请。enter [sth] vtr (influence, factor)成为…的一部分；影响His eloquence will enter the discussion more than his ideas.enter into [sth] vi + prep (become involved)卷入；参与到...中I don't intend to enter into an argument with you about politics; let's agree to disagree.我不打算和你争论政治问题，让我们各自保留自己的意见吧。entertain [sth] vtr (hold, consider) (想法等)抱有；怀有I don't know how you can even entertain the notion of leaving your job; what will you live on?我不明白你怎么会抱有辞职的念头。要是你真辞了职，该怎么生活？entertain the idea of [sth] v expr often negative (consider)考虑...的想法He wouldn't entertain the idea of her cooking for him that evening.entertain the idea of doing [sth] v expr often negative (consider)考虑做...enthuse over [sth], enthuse about [sth] vi + prep (show enthusiasm)对...充满热情；对...热心Arthur came home from the science museum enthusing about the new mineral exhibit.enthusiastic about [sth] adj + prep (keen, hopeful)对…充满热情的；对…热切期盼的；对…非常感兴趣的I'm not enthusiastic about the new tax system.我对新的税务系统不是非常感兴趣。enthusiastic about doing [sth] expr (excited to do [sth])热切于...的；对...感到激动的Tony's very enthusiastic about starting college.托尼对即将开始的大学生活感到激动。entice [sb] to do [sth], entice [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (persuade to do)劝服某人做某事；说服某人做某事Ann tried to entice her boss to close the office early on Fridays.安试图说服自己的老板周五早一点关张。entice [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (lure)诱使；怂恿We did our best to entice Tim to the party, but he didn't want to come.为了怂恿蒂姆参加聚会，我们竭尽了全力，但他自己不想来，也没办法。entice [sb/sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (lure using)用...引诱...；用...诱骗...Daisy tried to entice the stray dog with food, but it was too nervous to come near her.黛西想用吃的引诱那只流浪狗，但流浪狗太过紧张，不敢靠近她。entitle [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (give right to)赋予…权利；给予…资格；使...有资格Being the boss entitles Linda to the biggest office.琳达的领导职位使他有资格享有最大的办公室。entitle [sb] to do [sth] v expr (give right to do)给...做...的权利；赋予某人做某事的资格This pass entitles you to visit the museum as many times as you like in a week.有了这张通行证，你就能在一周内无限次到访博物馆。entitle [sth] [sth] vtr (give a name)给...起名；给...命名The author entitled his work, "Great Expectations."作者给他的作品起名叫“远大前程”。be entitled to [sth] v expr (have the right to [sth])有权得到；应当得到You are only entitled to a refund if the goods are defective.只有在产品有缺陷的情况下，你才有权得到退款。be entitled to do [sth] v expr (have the right to do)有权做某事If someone asks you to do something you don't want to do, you are entitled to say no.如果别人叫你做你不想做的事，你有权说“不”。entomb [sth] vtr formal (bury: a dead body)埋葬..., 掩埋...A bead of amber had entombed the insect.entrain [sth] vtr formal (put aboard a train)将...装上火车entrap [sth/sb] vtr (catch in a snare)诱捕；使落入陷阱The children entrapped their babysitter in a large net that fell from the ceiling.entrench [sth] vtr figurative (establish, secure)牢固地建立； (比喻)加固, 巩固The government is seeking to entrench property rights in the constitution.entrust [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (commit)将某物交托给某人；将某物付托给某人Rachel entrusted the tickets to Brian, as she knew she would only lose them.瑞秋知道自己肯定会弄丢票，所以将票交托给了布莱恩。entrust [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (put trust in)将某事托付给某人；将某事委托给某人The boss has entrusted me with this task, so I need to make sure I get it right.老板既然将这项工作委托给了我，我就得保证做好。entwine [sth] vtr (wind or twist around)盘绕；缠绕The ivy gradually entwined the entire telephone pole.enumerate [sth] vtr (list)列举；枚举；举出The young boy enumerated the many grievances he had against his baby sister.enumerate [sth] vtr formal (count) (正式用语)点数；计数Please enumerate the clicks you hear.enunciate [sth] vtr (say clearly)清晰地阐述；清楚地说出The teacher enunciated the word carefully during the spelling test.envelop [sth] vtr (surround)包围；包抄The fog enveloped the group of travelers.envelope [sth] vtr (administrative: put in an envelope)将...装入信封内This machine stamps and envelopes letters ready for posting.这台机器会给信件盖章，并将其装入信封内，准备邮递。envenom [sth] vtr (make venomous)使…有毒；毒化be envious of [sth] v expr (coveting [sth])羡慕I'm so envious of your trip to New Zealand!我好羡慕你能去新西兰旅游啊！envisage [sth] vtr (imagine happening)想象；设想The rebels envisage an era of peace and prosperity after the revolution.革命者想象着革命结束后和平昌盛的时代。envisage [sth] vtr (see as possible, forecast)预计；预期；展望The firm envisages good end of year profits.公司预计年底会收益不错。envisage doing [sth] v expr (consider, intend)设想；构想Karen envisages retiring at the age of sixty.卡伦设想会在六十岁时退休。envision [sth] vtr (imagine, conceive)设想；想象We'd envisioned a park where there was only a mud hole.我们在一片只有泥洞的地方设想建设一座公园。envy [sb] [sth] vtr (be covetous)羡慕某人的某物；嫉妒某人的某物I envy my grandchildren their energy and exuberance.我羡慕自己孙子、孙女旺盛的精力和勃勃的生气。envy [sth] vtr (covet)羡慕；艳羡I envy your independent lifestyle.我羡慕你独立的生活方式。epitomize [sth], also UK: epitomise [sth] vtr (be a perfect example of)象征；代表；成为…的缩影Your bad attitude epitomizes everything that is wrong with people today!epoxy [sth] vtr (glue with epoxy)用环氧树脂粘The carpenter epoxied the two boards together and left them to cure.这位木匠用环氧树脂将两块板粘在一起，并让它们硬化凝固。equal [sth] vtr (add up to)等于Two and two equals four.二加二等于四。equal [sth] vtr (to match)比得上；与...一样The sprinter equalled his best time this year.那位田径运动员取了与自己今年最佳表现一样的速度。equal parts [sth] and [sth] adj (same quantities)等量的The cocktail is equal parts rum, vodka and orange juice.equal parts [sth] and [sth] adj figurative (both)两种相等的The show is equal parts tragedy and comedy.equal to [sth] prep (having the same value as) (价值)与…等值In value, this vase is equal to that jug. In terms of price there is no difference, they are both equal to each other.equal to [sth] adj + prep (good enough for)能够胜任；有能力完成He is strong, and is equal to the task.equal to [sth] adj + prep (the same as)与…一样；与…相同Talking like that could be equal to slander.equalize [sth], also UK: equalise [sth] vtr mainly US (make equal)使平等；使相等The boss decided to equalize the pay of all the managers.equalize [sth], also UK: equalise [sth] vtr (scuba diving: ears) (潜水)耳压平衡What method do you use to equalize your ears while diving?be equatable with [sth] adj (equivalent, comparable)可相提并论的；相当的；可比的equate [sth], equate [sth] and [sth] vtr (consider equal)视为等同How can you equate wealth and moral authority?equate [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (consider equal)将...等同于Traditional fairy tales tend to equate beauty with goodness.equip [sth] vtr (supply with equipment)为…供应装备；为…提供设施；为...配备The team is raising money to equip their expedition.equip [sb/sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (supply)配备The school is aiming to equip every student with a laptop.equip [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (provide [sb] with attributes)赋予Decades of work experience has equipped her with skill and confidence.equip [sb] to do [sth] v expr (provide with attributes)使做好准备做某事；使...具备做某事应有的品质My education did not equip me to deal with these hassles.equipped with [sth] adj + prep (having tools, supplies)装备的The police were equipped with guns and shields.equipped to do [sth] adj (having tools, supplies for [sth])装备的This clinic is not equipped to perform surgery.equipped with [sth] adj + prep figurative (having personal capabilities)有能力做某事的The attorney is equipped with the skills to win the case.equipped to do [sth] adj figurative (capable of doing [sth])具备...能力的I am not equipped to deal with this stress!equivalent to [sth] adj + prep (comparable to)相当于...的；与...对等的Each sugar cube is equivalent to one teaspoon of sugar.每一块方糖相当于一茶匙糖的量。the equivalent of [sth] adj + prep (same as)与...相同的；与...相等的；等于...My new car cost the equivalent of a year's salary.我在新车上花的钱等于一年的薪水。eradicate [sth] vtr (wipe out, eliminate)消灭，彻底消除；根除Polio was eradicated in the 20th century.eradicate [sth] vtr (destroy totally)彻底摧毁They moved the inhabitants and eradicated the village.erase [sth] vtr (remove by rubbing out)擦去；擦净The teacher erased the vocabulary list once all of the students had written it down.所有的学生都做好笔记后，老师擦去了词汇表。erase [sth] vtr figurative (eradicate, remove)清除；抹去；除去The government department erased the incident from its records. Sally couldn't erase the memory of Neil's cruel words.政府部门抹去了那次事故的记录。萨丽无法将尼尔无情的话语从自己的记忆中抹去。erase [sth] vtr (delete: a computer file) (计算机)清除；抹去；删除；擦除Harry accidentally erased the file he had been working on all day and had to start again.哈利一不小心删除了自己处理了一整天的文件，不得不从头在来。erase [sth] vtr (delete: text on a computer) (电脑文本)删除Alison looked at what she had just written, decided she didn't like it, and erased it.艾莉森看了看刚才写的东西，觉得不称心，又删除了。erect [sth] vtr (building: construct) (建筑)建立；建造The church took six months to erect.erect [sth] vtr (structure: put up)树立；搭建The marines quickly erected a group of tents.erode [sth] vtr (wear away slowly)腐蚀, 侵蚀；磨损Acid rain erodes the limestone very quickly.erode [sth] vtr figurative (destroy, undermine slowly) (比喻)破坏, 毁坏, 腐蚀Our confidence is being eroded by his failure to act.err on the side of, err on the side of [sth] v expr (act in a certain way)偏向于；宁失于；重点放在escalate [sth] vtr (conflict: intensify) (冲突等)升级He was criticized when he spoke out in favour of escalating the war.他赞同战争升级的言论受到了批评。escalate [sth] vtr (IT: prioritize) (信息技术)优先处理, 优先解决Some users have authority to escalate their jobs in the queue.部分用户在队列中的任务可以得到优先处理。escalate [sth] vtr (forward to higher level)使…上升；使…升级When my manager ignored my complaint, I escalated the matter.escape from [sth/sb] vi + prep (flee, run away from)从…处逃离；从…处逃跑The prisoner escaped from his jailers.囚犯从狱卒眼皮子底下逃走了。escape from [sth/sb] vi + prep (avoid, evade)逃避；回避He goes out to work on the car to escape from his mother-in-law.他到外面去修车以此回避见他的丈母娘。escape [sth/sb] vtr (get away from)逃离；逃避The refugees crossed the border to escape the war.难民穿越边界以逃避战争。escape [sth] vtr (elude)躲开；逃避；躲避The boy escaped punishment by blaming his friend.那男孩把责任推到朋友身上，逃避了惩罚。escape [sth/sb] vtr (inadvertently slip)不慎发出, 不慎说出；逸出；脱（口）而出A swear word escaped her lips.eschew [sth] vtr formal (avoid, reject)避免；避开；回避The couple are eschewing tradition by getting married on the beach.那对夫妻回避了传统做法，转而选择在沙滩上举行婚礼。escort [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (accompany)陪同…去…；陪伴…前往…After she caught them truanting, Melanie started escorting her kids to school.梅兰妮在捉住自己孩子逃学后，就开始陪他们一起去学校。escort [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep (accompany in)陪同...进入...；伴随...进入...The secretary escorted the visitor into the boss's office.秘书陪同访客一起进入了老板的办公室。escort [sb] out of [sth] v expr (accompany out)陪同某人走出...；押送某人走出...The security guards escorted the troublemaker out of the building.保安押送肇事人走出大楼。espalier [sth] vtr (plant: grow flat) (植物)给...支棚架espouse [sth] vtr figurative, formal (cause, opinion: embrace) (正式用语)拥护, 支持；信奉, 信服He freely espouses opinions that are popular with celebrities.espy [sth] vtr (perceive, catch sight of)突然看到；注意到；瞥见essay [sth] vtr formal (try) (正式用语)试图；尝试It is a climb that even the hardiest are reluctant to essay.be essential for [sth], be essential to [sth] v expr (be necessary for)对...而言必不可少的；对于...必需的An atmosphere containing oxygen is essential for the maintenance of human life.含氧的大气层对于维持人类生命来说是必需的。establish [sth] vtr (create)创建；设立He decided to establish a hospital for sick children.他决定为生病的儿童创建一所医院。establish [sth] vtr (install)确立；开设；安装The chain decided to establish a restaurant in every major city in the US.这家连锁餐厅决定在美国的每一个主要城市中都开设分店。establish [sth] vtr (make recognized)使获得承认；使得到认可First, they had to establish the rules.establish [sth] vtr (make happen)建立；树立The police established order in the city.establish [sth] vtr (promulgate)公开表明The miner staked out his site, to establish his claim.establish [sth] vtr (demonstrate, prove)证明；查明The police had to establish whether the man was dead or if he was just missing.establish [sth] vtr (form: a relationship) (关系)建立，形成esteem [sb/sth] vtr (high regard)对…评价很高；敬重The boss esteemed Charlotte's work highly.老板对夏洛特的工作评价很高。esteem [sb/sth] vtr (respect)尊敬；敬重Many cultures esteem artistic people.esteem [sth] vtr formal (consider)认为；以为；觉得I would esteem it a great honour to work with you.estimate [sth] vtr (value, price: assess) (价值等)估计；估算The valuer estimated the value of the house at £450,000.估价师估算这栋房子的价值在450,000英镑。estimate [sth] vtr (measurement: guess)估计；估量I estimate the distance from here to the church to be about a mile.我估计了一下，从这里到教堂的距离大约是一英里。estimate [sth] at [sth], estimate [sth] to be [sth] v expr (judge, assess)判断；估计Marco estimated his chance of winning to be 30%.马可估计，自己获胜的几率为30%。estimate the value of [sth] vtr (guess monetary worth of)估计…的价值；给...估值etch [sth] vtr (engrave)蚀刻；蚀镂The craftsman specializes in etching stone.etch [sth] on [sth], etch [sth] onto [sth] vtr + prep (engrave [sth] on [sth])把...蚀刻在...上The jeweller etched the couple's initials on the rings.etch [sth] vtr (engrave: glass)蚀刻；雕刻Watch how the artist uses this technique to etch glass.etch [sth], etch [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (engrave: glass with [sth])蚀刻，雕刻；在...上蚀刻出Lydia etched the glass with a geometric pattern.etch [sth] vtr figurative, often passive (in memory)铭记The events of that day would remain etched in Paul's mind forever.etch [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep figurative, often passive (mark [sth] clearly) (比喻)在…上刻下…的痕迹Grief was etched on Jennifer's face.eulogize about [sth], also UK: eulogise about [sth] vi + prep (speak in praise of) (对事物)称赞，赞美；颂扬，讴歌，歌颂Brent eulogized at length about the benefits of a vegan diet.Europeanize, Europeanize [sb/sth] vtr (make European)使…欧化euthanize [sth], euthanaze [sth], also UK: euthanise [sth], euthanase [sth] vtr (animal: kill out of mercy) (动物)使…安乐死evacuate [sth] vtr (exit from, leave: a building) (建筑物)离开；撤离；撤空The fire alarm went off and we were instructed to evacuate the building.evacuate [sb] from [sth] vtr (make people exit from)使...撤离Police evacuated everyone from the office building because of the bomb threat.evade [sb/sth] vtr (escape)逃避，逃离；回避，避开The suspect evaded police for three days.evaluate [sth] vtr (find value of) (物)鉴定；为…估值The administrators evaluated the company's assets.管理人员鉴定了公司资产。evaluate [sth] vtr (review)审核；衡量The boss evaluated the project to see if it had been worthwhile.老板衡量了一下那个项目，看是否有价值。evangelize about [sth] vi + prep figurative (enthuse about [sth])对...极热心the eve of [sth] n figurative (period prior to [sth]) (比喻)前夜The eve of war was a time of fear and anticipation.even [sth] vtr (make equal)拉平, 扳平United scored in the last minute to even the score.联队在最后一分钟进球，扳平了比分。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 丈夫决定用报复来和妻子扯平。even [sth] vtr (make level)平整；使...平坦They used a roller to even the lawn.他们用碾压机来平整草坪。even [sth] vtr (make smooth)使平滑He evened the surface of the door with a plane.eventuate in [sth] vi + prep (result in)导致..., 造成...evert [sth] vtr (biology: turn inside out)使…外翻evict [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep (force to vacate)将...驱逐出evidence [sth] vtr (prove) (法律)证明，表明This evidences that he actually did it.这证明确实是他干的。evince [sth] vtr formal (prove, demonstrate) (正式用语)证明；表明The Empress's personal letters evinced her reluctance to rule.eviscerate [sb/sth] vtr (disembowel, gut)去除…的内脏eviscerate [sb/sth] vtr figurative (remove the substance of)去除…的重要部分，抽除…的精华evocative of [sth] adj (evoking: impressions, etc.)唤起...回忆的；触发...印象的The music was evocative of a great tempest.evoke [sth] vtr (bring to mind)唤起...的回忆；使...忆起Your song evoked a memory of when I visited Ireland.你的歌让我想起了以前去爱尔兰的时候。evoke [sth] vtr (elicit)唤起；引起Finn's suggestion failed to evoke the slightest interest.费恩的建议完全没有引起他人的兴趣。evoke [sth] from [sb] vtr (elicit)在某人身上激起；在某人身上引起It's hard to evoke a response from these quiet people.在这些沉默之人身上难以激起回应。evoke [sth] vtr (depict, suggest)描绘；体现The play evoked family life in the early 20th century.这台戏剧体现了20世纪早期的家庭生活。evolve from [sth] vi + prep (living things: develop from) (生物)由...进化而来，由...演变而来Human beings and apes evolved from a common ancestor.人类和猿类都是从共同的祖先进化而来。evolve into [sth] vi + prep (living things: develop into)进化为...One-celled organisms evolved into all the life forms on Earth today.地球上所有的生命都是由单细胞生物进化而来的。evolve from [sth] vi + prep (grow out of)由...发展而来；由...逐步展开Our business evolved from an idea we had when we were at university.我们事业是由大学时的一个想法发展而来的。evolve into [sth/sb] vi + prep (grow into)进化成；发展成The Turing machine, devised in the 1930s, evolved into the computers we use today.20世纪30年代所发明的图灵机，逐渐发展成如今人们所使用的计算机。evolve [sth] vtr (develop)进一步发展Albert Einstein evolved the theory of Relativity.阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦进一步发展了相对论。exacerbate [sth] vtr (intensify, worsen)加重；使恶化Weather is exacerbating efforts to rescue the animals.exact [sth] from [sb] vtr + prep (demand, require)强求, 要求This teacher exacts strict obedience from her students.exaggerate [sth] vtr (overstate)夸张；夸大They exaggerated the cost of the project by 50%.exalt [sth/sb] vtr (praise, glorify)赞扬；表扬；赞美Part of the Christian faith includes exalting Christ.examine [sth] vtr (investigate)调查The police examined the crime scene.警察调查了犯罪现场。examine [sb/sth] vtr (check health)检查...的身体；诊视...的身体The doctor examined the patient.医生检查了病人的身体。examine [sth/sb] vtr (inspect, look at)检查；仔细查看The paleontologist examined the fossil.古生物学家仔细查看了那块化石。examine [sth] vtr (consider critically)审查；细查This essay examines the role of women in the works of Shakespeare.这篇文章审查了莎士比亚作品中女性所扮演的角色。examine [sth/sb] closely vtr + adv (inspect)仔细检查；严密检查The agent examined the evidence very closely.；example [sth] vtr rare, often passive (give example)为…做出榜样；是…的典范excavate [sth] vtr (dig up)挖掘出；发掘出；开凿出Dr. Edwards is famous for excavating the first dinosaur skeleton in this area.exceed [sth] vtr (go over, surpass)超过The cost of the work exceeded £50,000.这项工作的成本超过五万英镑。exceed [sth] vtr (violate limits)僭越； (地位、职权等)越过The employee exceeded his authority when he tried to tell a colleague how to behave at work.那位雇员想对同事的行为指手画脚，是越过了自己的权力范围。excel at [sth] vi + prep (skill: be very good at)擅长；善于Ian excels at football.伊安擅长踢足球。excel in [sth] vi + prep (subject: be very good at)对...擅长；在...方面优于别人Martha isn't very good at languages, but she excels in chemistry.玛莎在语言上面表现不佳，但对化学十分擅长。except for [sth] prep (but for)要是没有；如果没有She would have been afraid to speak, except for his reassuring smile.要是没有他令人宽慰的微笑，她当时肯定不敢开口说话。except [sth/sb] vtr usually passive (exclude)把…排除在外，把…除外，不把…包括在内Guide dogs are excepted from the "no dogs allowed" rule.导盲犬不受“禁止带狗入内”规则的限制。excerpt from [sth] n (extract, snippet of [sth])来自…的摘录；来自…的节选That was an excerpt from my latest novel.那节选自我最近出版的小说。excerpt [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep usually passive (snippet: take from [sth])从…摘录；从…节选；…节选自This text has been excerpted from the book "A Guide to Business Success."本文章节选自《商务成功指南》。exchange [sth] vtr (reciprocally give, receive)交换；互换Many families exchange gifts on Christmas.许多家庭在圣诞节时交换礼物。exchange [sth], exchange [sth] with [sb] vtr (give, receive the same)交换，互换；与某人交换某物They exchanged phone numbers.他们交换了电话号码。exchange [sth] vtr (replace, swap)调换，换This TV is defective. I want to exchange it.这台电视有毛病。我想换一台。exchange [sth] for [sth] vtr (currency: transfer) (货币)把…兑换成He exchanged dollars for euros.他把美元兑换成欧元。excise [sth] vtr (surgical: cut out)切除, 割除The surgeon excised the tumour under local anaesthetic.excise [sth] vtr (text: edit out)删除The censors will excise all mention of the banned books when they review this article.excise [sth] from [sth] vtr (text: edit out)从...删除The editors excised all minors' names from the article.excite [sth] vtr (arouse, elicit)激起；引起The biopic excited new interest in the painter's life.excite [sth] vtr (biology: stimulate) (生物)刺激This contact excites the nerve endings.be excited about [sth] v expr (be animated, enthusiastic about)兴奋的, 激动的The children are excited about our holiday next week.孩子们对于下周要去度假的事情十分激动。be excited about doing [sth] v expr (be keen to do [sth])热衷于；钟爱Jenna is excited about starting her new job on Monday.珍娜星期一就要开始新工作了，她非常兴奋。exclaim [sth] vtr (shout, say loudly)大声说；大喊道She exclaimed that they had come home with three medals.exclude [sth/sb] vtr (not include)把...排斥在外；不包括This quote excludes any additional work that may arise after the project has started.exclude [sth/sb] vtr (rule out)排除；对...不作考虑The police have excluded the possibility of accidental death and are now conducting a murder inquiry.exclusive of [sth] adj + prep (omitting)不包括；不包含This price is exclusive of taxes.excoriate [sb/sth] vtr (rub the skin from)擦伤…的皮肤，擦破…的表皮excoriate [sb/sth] vtr figurative (criticize severely)严厉指责；苛评；非议excrete [sth] vtr (pass [sth] as waste)排泄；分泌excuse [sth] vtr (justify [sth])为...找理由；为...辩解You cannot excuse bad behaviour.excuse [sb] from [sth] vtr often passive (exempt [sb] from [sth])使...免除As I am a fireman I wish you to excuse me from national service.excuse [sth] vtr (dispense with [sth])免除；免做；跳过We will excuse the formalities and get right down to business.execrate [sb/sth] vtr (loathe)憎恨；憎恶execute [sth] vtr (carry out: an action) (某事)进行；做Robert executed a handstand.罗伯特做了个倒立。execute [sth] vtr (plan: put into action)执行；施行；实行The company executed its plan to bring in new business and it was a great success.公司执行了发展新业务的计划，大获成功。execute [sth] vtr (run: a computer program) (计算机程序)执行The developer executed the program to check for any problems.开发者执行了程序，看有没有问题。execute [sth] vtr (legal: enforce) (法律)执行； (法律)使...生效The court executed the writ.法庭执行了法令。exemplify [sth] vtr (be an example of)作为...的例子Her conduct at the hearing exemplifies dignity and patience.exemplify [sth] vtr (show by example)举例说明；举例阐释Teachers must try to exemplify honour and respect for their students.exempt from [sth] adj + prep (excused from)被免除...的；被免去...的This student is exempt from the school's uniform policy, because of her religious belief.因为他的宗教信仰，这位学生被免除在学校穿校服。exempt from doing [sth] adj + prep (excused from doing)被允许不做…；获准不必...This employee is exempt from working weekends because of his family circumstances.因为家庭情况，这位员工获准不必周末上班。exempt from [sth] adj + prep (not required to pay tax) (税务)免于...的Charities are exempt from taxes.慈善机构可免于缴税。exempt [sb] from [sth], exempt [sb] from doing [sth] vtr + prep (excuse, exclude from)免除某人做某事的必要；准许某人不做某事The school exempted the student from playing sports, because of his poor health.考虑到那位学生的健康状况，学校准许他不参加体育活动。an exercise in [sth] n (project, endeavor)…训练Writing short stories was an exercise in technique for the author.对作者来说，写短篇小说是一种技能训练。exercise [sth] vtr (use, call upon)行使（权利等）The citizen exercised his right to vote.该公民行使了自己的投票权。exercise [sth] vtr (use part of the body vigorously)锻炼The singer exercised his vocal chords daily.exercise [sth] vtr (animal: allow physical activity) (动物)遛I need to go exercise the dog. There is a field that he can run around in.exert [sth] vtr (power, authority) (职权)行使； (权力等)利用The CEO of the hospital exerted his authority to get the patient treated sooner.医院的总裁利用自己的职权，让那位病人获得了更快的治疗。exert [sth] vtr (force, pressure) (压力等)用；施加John exerted considerable pressure on the door, but it wouldn't budge.约翰用了很大的力推门，但门就是纹丝不动。exfoliate [sth] vtr (remove dead skin from)去除...的死皮exhale [sth] vtr (breathe out)呼出Ron exhaled a cloud of smoke.exhaust [sth] vtr (resources: use up) (资源)用尽；耗尽The group had exhausted their supply of firewood and everyone was getting cold.一组人耗尽了自己的柴火，都开始觉得冷了。exhaust [sth] vtr (come to the end of)耗尽；用完The two men had exhausted all topics of conversation, so they sat in silence.两人耗尽了所有的话题，沉默而坐。exhibit [sth] vtr (display: art works)展出；展览The artist will exhibit his latest works in the town hall next week.下周该艺术家将在市政厅展出他的最新作品。exhibit [sth] vtr (expose)展现；展示The males exhibit themselves to the hens in the mating season.exhibit [sth] vtr (manifest)显示；表现出He exhibited all the symptoms of depression.exhibit [sth] vtr (law: present) (向法庭)出示（证据等）The prosecution wishes to exhibit the ransom demand as evidence.exhort [sb] to do [sth] v expr (urge)劝勉某人做某事；力劝某人做某事The politician exhorted her constituents to speak out about the proposed law.exhume [sb/sth] vtr (dig up, disinter: dead body)将（尸体）挖出exhume [sb/sth] vtr figurative (bring up: old subject)将…重新提起，旧事重提exit [sth] vtr (leave somewhere)离开；从…出去If you hear the fire alarm, please exit the building in an orderly fashion.如果听到火灾警报，请保持秩序离开大楼。exit from [sth] vi + prep (leave somewhere)从…离开Rachel told the boss what she thought of him and exited from the room.exorcize [sth], also UK: exorcise [sth] vtr (spirit, demon: drive out) (邪魔)祛除，驱除exorcize [sth], also UK: exorcise [sth] vtr figurative (rid yourself of [sth]) (如烦恼、记忆等)消除，抹除Melinda decided to burn all of the gifts her ex-boyfriend had given her in order to exorcize the memories of him.expand [sth] vtr (internet headings: open to reveal text) (菜单等)展开Right-click to see the option to expand all headings.右键点击即可看到展开所有标题的选项。expand [sth] vtr (fill out) (指省略的部分)完全写出；展开You need to expand your notes into full sentences.expanse of [sth] n ([sth] broad or wide)广阔的区域Rob stared at the expanse of blue water that surrounded his boat.expect [sth] vtr (anticipate [sth])预计；预期；预料We can expect rain later today over much of the country.预计全国大部分地区都将有降雨。expect [sth/sb] vtr (wait for [sth], [sb] to arrive)期待；盼望；等待I'm expecting a package in the mail.我在等邮寄来的包裹。expect [sth] vtr (require, demand [sth])要求；需要As your employer, I expect perfection; this work isn't good enough!作为你的雇主，我要求完美，这个结果并不能达到这个要求！expect [sth] from [sb] vtr + prep (require, demand [sth] of [sb])向…要求；认为…有必要I expect an apology from you.我认为你有必要道歉。expect [sth] of [sb/sth] vtr + prep (require, demand [sth] of [sb])对某人有…的要求；对某人有…的期待The editor expects high journalistic standards of all his reporters.编辑要求所有记者都能写出高质量的新闻稿。expect to do [sth] vi + prep (believe you will do [sth])认为某人会做某事；预料某人会做某事The England team expect to win their match against Sweden.英格兰队认为他们能够战胜瑞典队。expedite [sth] vtr (process faster)加速处理The insurance company promised to expedite the homeowner's claim, when she explained she had nowhere else to live until her house was repaired.她解释说，房子修好之前她无家可归，所以保险公司承诺会加速处理业主的索赔要求。expedite [sth] vtr (send more quickly)加快发送；加速处理The company agreed to expedite the payment.公司同意加快发送付款。expel [sth] vtr (substance, gas: emit) (气体等)排出；散发出；喷出The unidentified parcel was expelling a noxious odour.那个不明的包裹散发出一股恶臭。expel [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep (ban: a student from a school)把...从...开除Janine's head teacher expelled her from the school for bad behaviour.校长由于珍妮糟糕的表现而把她从学校开除了。expend [sth] vtr (time, energy, effort: devote) (资源等)耗费；花费We've expended a great deal of time and effort on this project.expend [sth] vtr (money: consume, spend) (金钱等)花费, 消费We have expended the whole budget just getting our office opened.expenditure of [sth] n (time, effort, etc: expending) (时间、精力等的)消耗，耗费Building the cathedral must have called for an immense expenditure of energy from the workers in a pre-industrial age.expense [sth/sb] vtr US, informal (charge to company) (非正式用语)向...收取费用expense [sth/sb] vtr (write off as an expense)把...记入费用账户；将...记为费用experience [sth] vtr (emotion, sensation: feel)经历；感受I'm experiencing a lot of pain in my knee.我觉得膝盖很疼。experience [sth] vtr (undergo)经受；遭遇She experienced the worst time of her life in that prison.The country is experiencing an unprecedented economic boom.在那座监狱中，她经受了人生中最糟的时光。// 该国正在经历着前所未有的经济繁荣。experienced in [sth] adj + prep (knowledgeable, practised)在...方面有经验的；在...方面老练的Amanda used to work on the front desk of a hotel, so she's experienced in customer service.阿曼达曾在一家酒店的前台工作，所以在客户服务方面有经验。experienced in doing [sth] adj (knowledgeable, practised)在做...上有经验的；在做...方面老练的Harry is the director of a large department, so he's experienced in managing staff.哈利是一个大部门的主管，所以员工管理上很有经验。experiment with [sth] vi + prep (test things)用...做实验；用...做试验The doctor is experimenting with different drug combinations to find the right treatment for the patient.experiment on [sth] vi + prep (use subjects to test [sth])在...身上做实验；在...身上做试验Scientists often experiment on animals before giving new drugs to human subjects.expert on [sth], expert in [sth] n (specialist on: a subject, area)专家；权威Lisa wrote her doctoral thesis on Foucault, so she's an expert on the subject.丽莎的博士论文写的就是福柯，她在这方面是专家。expert at [sth] n (skilled at doing [sth])能手；高手I'm an expert at identifying butterflies.我是蝴蝶鉴别高手。expiate [sth] vtr (compensate for)补偿；赔偿explain [sth] vtr (give details of [sth])说明；讲解；阐述Paola was explaining the best way to make an omelette.宝拉正在讲解制作煎蛋饼的最佳方式。explain [sth] vtr (give reasons)解释；阐明Can you explain what led to your decision?你能解释一下是怎么做出这个决定的吗？explain [sth] vtr (give clarification)辩解；解释"She is asleep already", he explained.“她已经睡下了。”他解释道。explain [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (give details, clarify)解释；说明…的理由I've tried to explain Einstein's Theory of Relativity to her many times, but she still doesn't understand it.我多次尝试给她解释爱因斯坦的相对论，但她一直没弄明白。explain [sth] vtr (account for, justify)说明；阐释Can you explain what happened to the money?钱都去哪儿了？你能说明一下吗？explain [sth] vtr (be the reason for)解释；是…的原因The bullying she experienced in her teens explains her shyness now.她青少年期间所经历的霸凌事件，很好地解释了她现在如此胆怯的原因。explicate [sth] vtr formal (explain, detail) (正式用语)说明；阐明explode [sth] vtr (blow up)使爆炸；使爆裂；引爆The construction worker exploded the charges in the mine.exploit [sth] vtr (use to advantage)利用The government worked to find ways to properly exploit its oil resources.政府努力寻求恰当利用石油资源的办法。explore [sth] vtr (travel through to discover)探索；探究；在…探险I used to explore these woods as a child.孩提时代，我经常在这些林子里探索。explore [sth] vtr (examine)研究；探讨The detective explored all the possibilities.explore [sth] vtr (medicine: surgery) (医学)仔细检查；探查The surgeon explored the area around the stomach for disease.explosion in [sth] n (sudden dramatic increase)激增There has been an explosion this year in the number of blogs about parenting.export [sth] vtr (goods: send for sale abroad)出口；外销The company exports cars to Asia.公司向亚洲出口汽车。export [sth] vtr (convert format of: data) (电脑数据等)导出Sarah exported the data to her USB stick.莎拉将数据导出至自己的USB盘里。export [sth] vtr (ideas, etc.: introduce abroad) (文化等)输出；向外传播The professor tried to win recognition by exporting his ideas to other countries.expose [sth/sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (physically: not protect)使...暴露在某物中；使...接触到某物The employer provided protective equipment for his employees, as the work exposed them to harmful chemicals.由于这项工作会使工人接触到有害化学品，所以雇主提供了保护设备。expose [sth] vtr (body part: show) (身体)裸露出；袒露出；暴露出Janice's dress exposes her shoulders.珍妮丝的裙子暴露出了她的肩膀。expose [sth] vtr (camera film: to light) (胶卷)曝光The photographer exposed the film for a long time to give it a washed out look.摄影师长时间曝光胶卷，让照片有做旧的效果。expose [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (camera film: to light) (胶卷)使曝光Jim exposed the film to the light.吉姆使胶卷曝光。expose [sth] vtr (secret: reveal)披露The whistle blower exposed her company's crimes.揭发者披露了自己公司所犯的罪。expose [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (to experiences)使某人经历某事；让某人体验某事Tom wanted to expose his son to the real world.汤姆想让自己的儿子体验一下真实的世界。expose [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (to bad influences)使...受...影响；使...接触到Alison's friend exposed her to some bad habits.艾莉森的朋友们使她受到某些不良习惯的影响。expose [sth] vtr (computer: to virus) (计算机防火墙等)使无保护, 使暴露Erin's virus software was out of date, which exposed her computer.expose [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (computer: to virus) (计算机)使...暴露在（病毒）威胁下By clicking on the pop-up ad, Fred exposed his computer to a trojan.expose [sth] to the air v expr (leave uncovered)使…暴露于空气中exposed to [sth] adj + prep (not protected from [sth])暴露于...威胁之下的，易受...攻击的；经历过，经受过Children exposed to trauma need professional help to overcome their problems.经受过创伤的孩子们需要专业帮助，克服他们的问题。be exposed to [sth/sb] v expr (not be physically protected from)暴露在；无保护出现于Workers at the nuclear plant were accidentally exposed to radiation.核电站的工人意外暴露在辐射之中。expound [sth] vtr (set out: idea, theory)阐述Jane expounded a revolutionary idea about the use of chlorophyll in medicine.expound on [sth] vi + prep (talk at length about)详细解释；详述The professor expounded on the ancient history of Russia.express [sth] vtr (say)表达；表示He expressed his dissatisfaction with the project.他表达了对该项目的不满。express [sth] vtr (manifest)表示；表达Some people express anger with their voices, others with their faces.expressive of [sth] adj (expressing [sth])表现...的；表达...的Her paintings are very expressive of her personality.expropriate [sth] vtr (repossess, take ownership of)没收；充公expunge [sth] vtr (erase, remove)删掉；删除The court agreed to expunge the incident from William's record.expurgate [sth] vtr (censor, cut)删除；修订；删去extend [sth] vtr (make longer: physically)延长；使伸展；使延伸They are going to extend the bike path by 3 km.他们会把单车道延长3公里。extend [sth] vtr (make longer: time) (时间)延长The legislature extended the voting time by 15 minutes.立法院把投票的时间延长了15分钟。extend [sth] vtr (hand: hold out)伸出（手等）The Frenchman extended his hand to shake mine.extend [sth] vtr (place at full length)展开；拉开He extended the map across the table.extend [sth] vtr (widen)扩大…的范围The seatbelt law has been extended to include back seats.extend [sth] vtr (offer)提供；给予She extended an offer to buy the business.extenuate [sth] vtr (mitigate: a crime)减轻…的罪名exteriorize [sth], also UK: exteriorise [sth] vtr formal (medicine: expose [sth]) (外科手术)使（内脏）外置exteriorize [sth], also UK: exteriorise [sth] vtr formal (make [sth] external)使外化exterminate [sth] vtr (kill, annihilate)消灭；灭绝；根除We hired a professional to exterminate the termites.exterminate [sth] vtr figurative (eliminate, wipe out)消灭；灭绝The chemical spill may exterminate this plant species.externalize [sth], also UK: externalise [sth] vtr (express [sth] outwardly)以外在形式来表现；以语言行动等来表达externalize [sth], also UK: externalise [sth] vtr (attribute [sth] to outside causes)将...归于外因extinguish [sth] vtr (fire: put out) (火等)扑灭，熄灭Extinguish all fires thoroughly before leaving the camp.extinguish [sth] vtr figurative (idea, feeling: bring to an end) (念头、情绪等)打消；消除Her performance on the test extinguished her plans for a legal career.extirpate [sth] vtr (eliminate, get rid of)消除；消灭；根除extol [sth] vtr (praise)赞扬；赞美；赞颂Andy likes to extol the virtues of following a vegetarian diet.extort [sth] from [sb] vtr + prep (obtain by blackmail)敲诈某人的某物；勒索某人的某物Ivan extorted thousands of dollars from the woman.extract [sth/sb] vtr (take out, remove)取出；提取；拔出；移除It only took the dentist a few seconds to extract the tooth.牙医只用了几秒钟便拔出了智齿。extract [sth] vtr figurative (obtain: information, data) (信息、数据等)获取；获得The hacker extracted some sensitive information from the government website.黑客从政府网站上获取了一些敏感信息。extrapolate [sth] vtr (conclude)推断The detective was able to extrapolate a conclusion from the clues he gathered.extricate [sth] vtr (free, release)使解脱；使摆脱；解放Park rangers extricated the bear from the trap in an isolated part of the forest.extrude [sth] vtr (force out, push out)挤出；压出；排出Pressure in the underground magma chamber extruded toxic gases.exude [sth] vtr figurative (confidence, etc.: project) (自信等)表现出，显露出，散发出Try to exude confidence, even if you don't feel it.exude [sth] vtr (emit, ooze)渗出；散发The wound is exuding clear fluid.the eye of [sth] n figurative (centre)中心She always likes to be right in the eye of things.她总是喜欢处于事情的中心。the eye of [sth] n figurative (storm, hurricane: centre) (风暴等)中心；风眼The eye of the hurricane was clearly defined.龙卷风的风眼非常分明。eye [sb/sth] vtr (look at)看；审视He eyed her across the room, making her nervous.他从房间那头看她，让她很不自在。eyeball [sth] vtr informal (measure, gauge by sight) (非正式用法)目测The inspector eyeballed the room and guessed it to be twenty feet in length.eyeball [sth/sb] vtr informal (look at) (非正式用法)盯着…看，对…进行打量Judy's mother eyeballed her skirt and frowned.eyelet [sth] vtr (put eyelets in)打小孔I am learning embroidery from my mother, and today she is going to teach me how to eyelet the hems on a dress.我正在向母亲学习刺绣，今天她会教我在如何连衣裙下摆上打孔。fable about [sth] vi + prep archaic (lie, invent stories about)虚构The old man frequently fabled about his past.fabricate [sth] vtr (make, construct)制造；建造The pieces are fabricated offsite before being transported to their final destination for assembly.这些部件在厂外制造，并会运输到目的地进行装配。fabricate [sth] vtr figurative (invent)捏造；编造；编造Maxwell fabricated a story to explain to his mother how his car got scratched.face [sb/sth] vtr (look towards)面向；朝向；面朝Face the teacher when you're talking to her.和老师说话的时候你得面向着她。face [sth] vtr (accept reality)面对；接受We have to face the facts.我们得面对事实。face [sb/sth] vtr (turn toward)正对；面对Turn and face the audience.face [sth/sb] vtr (confront) (比喻)面对；正视You've got to face your problems.face [sth] vtr (cover)用…覆盖；涂；贴The front of the house was faced with limestone.face [sth] vtr (card: turn upward) (纸牌)翻开；使…朝上Lay your cards down without facing any of them.face [sth] vtr (ice hockey: drop a puck) (冰球)将（球）放在中间准备开球The referee faced the ball between the two opposing players.face [sth] vtr (have difficulty ahead) (困难、厄运等)面对Voters will be facing a tough choice in the upcoming election.face to face with [sb/sth], face-to-face with [sb/sth] expr (confronted with, meeting)与...对峙；与...相见；与...面对面Walking in the woods, the man was shocked to find himself face-to-face with a bear.走在林中，这人惊讶地发现自己遇到了一只熊。faced with [sth], faced with doing [sth] adj + prep (having to confront)面对；直面I don't want to be faced with that problem.facilitate [sth] vtr (make easier)协助；帮助The company will pay you a relocation allowance to facilitate your move to the New York office.公司会给你发一笔安置费，帮助你调到纽约分部工作。facilitate [sth] vtr (host: a meeting, workshop, etc.)主持；促成Ray facilitates meetings between the software company and their clients.雷为软件公司与其客户间的多场会议进行主持。factionalize [sth], UK: factionalise vtr (divide into factions)使...分派factor [sth] vtr (maths: resolve into factors) (数学)分解…的因数，对…进行因数分解， 对…进行因式分解I had to factor 20 equations for my homework.我做作业，不得不对20个方程进行因式分解。factor [sth] vtr (business: sell accounts) (账户等)出售He factors debts for small businesses.他为小型公司出售债务。factorize [sth], also UK: factorise [sth] vtr (mathematics: resolve into factors)对…进行因式分解fade [sth] vtr (hair: cut in fade style)理渐层发型；剪成渐层发型I'd like you to fade my hair at the back, please.the fag end of [sth], the fag-end of [sth] n UK, figurative (last part of [sth])末尾；结尾The novel is set in London at the fag end of the 19th century.fail to do [sth] vi + prep (not succeed in doing [sth])没有做到，没能做到；做…没有成功They failed to deliver the package in time.他们没能及时将包裹送达。fail to do [sth] vi + prep (omit, neglect)忘记；忽略The directions failed to mention that the road was closed.行车路线里忘了提到道路已关闭。fail [sth] vtr (not pass)没有通过；不及格Bobby failed the exam. Sarah was failing math so her parents got her a tutor.博比考试没有及格。萨拉数学不及格，因此她父母帮她请了一位家教。fail [sth] vtr (reject)认为…不合格；拒绝The quality inspector failed the parts that were defective.fail to comply with [sth] v expr (not obey [sth])不遵守；不遵从If you fail to comply with local building codes, you could be fined.failure to do [sth] n (neglect, not doing [sth])疏于；缺乏The failure to communicate was responsible for most of the conflict between employees.缺乏交流是员工之间矛盾的主要原因。faint with [sth], faint from [sth] adj + prep (feeling lightheaded, weak)因...感到头晕；因...感到虚弱The street child was faint with hunger.那个流浪的小孩因为饥饿感到头晕。fake [sth] vtr (pretend)假装，伪装She probably won't know the answers, but will fake it.她很可能不知道答案，但会假装自己知道。fake [sth] vtr (forge, counterfeit)仿造，伪造He used cheap pine and dye in an attempt to fake antique furniture.他试图用廉价的松木和染料来伪造古董家具。fake [sth] vtr (imitate)假装, 模仿A good actor can fake a lame leg.一位好演员能够假装瘸了一条腿。fake [sth] vtr (make a deceptive move)假扮；假装The footballer faked left and ran right.fall on [sth], fall upon [sth] vi + prep (come to rest on) (目光)落下, 垂下Her gaze fell upon the letter I was writing.fall on [sth], fall upon [sth] vi + prep figurative (occur on) (日期)适逢，正好轮到，恰好是My birthday falls on a Saturday this year.The election falls on my birthday.今年我的生日是在星期六。// 选举那天恰好是我的生日。fall for [sb/sth] vi + prep informal (be attracted)爱上；迷上；为…倾心He is good-looking and smooth: all the women fall for him.Audrey fell for a beautiful pair of shoes she saw in a shop window.他外表英俊、举止潇洒，所有女人都为他倾心。// 奥德丽在商店橱窗中看到了一双漂亮的鞋子，非常喜欢。fall for [sth] vi + prep informal (be fooled)上…的当The investment scheme promised huge returns, and I fell for it.这个投资计划保证会带来巨额收益，然后我就上了它的当。fall foul of [sth] v expr (contravene: a law) (法律)违反，触犯John fell foul of the law by neglecting to file a tax return.fall for [sth] hook, line and sinker v expr figurative, informal (be duped)彻底上当；完全受骗；被骗得团团转She's so gullible, she fell for his story hook, line, and sinker.fall in line with [sth/sb], fall into line with [sth/sb], get in line with [sth/sb] v expr figurative (person: conform to)与...保持一致；遵守；遵循fall in line with [sth] v expr figurative (idea, etc.: fit, comply) (想法)与...一致This philosopher's theories fell in line with the moralistic views of his time.fall into [sth] vi + prep (descend and land in)掉入；陷入；落入The young girl was rescued several days after she fell into an uncapped well.那个小女孩掉进了一口没有封盖的井里，几天后被营救了出来。fall off [sth] vi + prep (become detached from)从…掉下The picture had fallen off the wall.那幅画从墙上掉了下来。fall off [sth] vi + prep (slip down from)滑下；滑落The blanket fell off the bed slowly.那张毛毯从床上缓缓滑落。fall on [sb/sth], fall upon [sb/sth] vi + prep (eyes: look at [sth]) (目光)落在…上The teacher's eyes scanned the room and fell on Joshua's nervous face.fall on [sb/sth] vi + prep (suspicion: be directed at)指向...When Harry went missing, suspicion fell on the last person to have seen him alive.fall over yourself to do [sth] v expr figurative, informal (be extremely eager)急不可耐做某事；急欲做某事备注: Usually used in continuous tenses.fall prey to [sth/sb] v expr figurative (become a victim of)成为…的牺牲品，成为…的受害者The elderly woman fell prey to a conman who convinced her to part with her savings.fall to [sb] to do [sth] v expr (task: become [sb]'s to do)…不得不做…；…负责做…fall to doing [sth] v expr (dive into an activity)开始做…fall under [sth] vi + prep (drop, tumble beneath)摔倒在…下面；跌倒在…下面the fallout from [sth] n figurative (aftermath of [sth])后果The mayor is dealing with the political fallout from the speech he gave earlier this week.falsify [sth] vtr (copy or create: [sth] fraudulent)篡改；伪造The student falsified her date of birth on her ID card.最终发现其中一位证人伪造了证词。falsify [sth] vtr (represent falsely)虚假报告The defendant falsified his financial history.falsify [sth] vtr (prove false)证明...是假的Juno falsified that theory in her dissertation.fame [sth] vtr archaic (spread renown of)盛传familiar with [sth] adj + prep (knowledgeable about)对…熟知的；对…了解的I couldn't answer his question because I wasn't familiar with the topic.我无法回答他的问题，因为我不了解这个话题。familiarize [sb] with [sth], also UK: familiarise [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (acquaint, cause to know)使熟悉；使通晓The instructor familiarized the students with the new computer software.familiarize yourself with [sth], also UK: familiarise yourself with [sth] v expr (get to know)使自己熟悉；使自己通晓famous for [sth] adj + prep (well known for [sth])因为…出名的Hollywood is famous for its movie studios. Roger Bannister is famous for being the first man to run a mile in less than four minutes.好莱坞因其电影制片厂而出名。罗杰·班尼斯特作为首位4分钟内跑完一英里的人而出名。fan [sb/sth] vtr (cool with a fan) (使凉爽)为…扇风She fanned him with the newspaper.她用报纸给他扇风。fan [sth] vtr (flames: agitate with a fan) (让火更旺)为…扇风He fanned the flames with a newspaper.他用报纸扇风，让火苗更旺。fan [sth] vtr figurative (intensify, encourage)激起；煽动The organization was accused of fanning national hatred.该组织因煽动民族仇恨而遭到起诉。fan the flames (of [sth]) v expr figurative (intensify, encourage)煽风点火；煽动；火上浇油The politician is trying to fan the flames of anti-immigrant sentiment.fancy [sth] vtr UK, informal (like, want)想要；喜欢Do you fancy a round of golf this afternoon?你今天下午想要去打一场高尔夫球吗？fancy doing [sth] vtr UK, informal (like, want)想要I fancy going out for a meal this evening.我今天晚上想要出去吃饭。fancy for [sth] n UK (liking)喜爱；喜好He had a fancy for fast cars.他喜欢快车。fancy [sth] vtr UK, slang (imagine)想象；设想In his dreams, Kyle fancied what life must be like as a millionaire footballer.凯尔在梦里想象着作为百万富翁的橄榄球运动员的生活会是什么样的。fantasize about [sth], also UK: fantasise about [sth] vi + prep (imagine, daydream about [sth])幻想；空想；做…的白日梦As a child, I fantasized about living in a boarding school.fantasize [sth], also UK: fantasise [sth] vtr (with object: imagine)想象；幻想Mallory likes to fantasize plots for mystery novels.fantasy [sth] vtr literary (imagine)幻想；空想far from [sth] adj + prep (not close to [sth])远的；距离运的Springfield is far from here.斯普林菲尔德离这儿很远。far ahead of [sth/sb] expr (long way past [sth] or [sb])遥遥领先；远远超过far away from [sth/sb] prep (at a distance)离…很远；远离The village where I grew up is far away from here.far be it from me to do [sth] expr (express reluctance to do [sth])我绝不会；我不要far from [sth] adv + prep (not at all)完全不，远远不；一点也不The dish is far from delicious.This competition is far from over.菜肴一点也不好吃。 // 这场竞赛还远远没有结束。far from [sth] expr (instead of)并没有；而不是Far from feeling satisfied with her present job, she decided to look for another.她并没有满足于现有的工作，而是决定去找更好的。farm [sth] vtr (cultivate)种植；耕作They farm sugarcane.他们种植甘蔗。farrow [sth] vtr (give birth to: piglets)产猪崽fascinate [sb/sth] vtr (transfix, hold attention of)使着迷；迷住The kitten was fascinated by the shiny decorations.小猫被闪亮的装饰品吸引住了。fashion [sth] vtr (shape, make) (手工)制造，制作In some parts of the world, they fashion car parts from scrap metal.在世界某些地方，人们用废金属制造汽车零件。fast forward through [sth], fast-forward through [sth] vi + prep (advance rapidly through)快进I often fast forward through the boring parts of movies.fast forward [sth], fast-forward [sth] vtr (advance rapidly)快速前进；快进fast-track [sth] vtr (speed the progress of)加快某事的进程His father put pressure on them to fast-track his application.fasten [sth] vtr (make secure)扎牢；系牢Jenna closed the packing case and fastened it with cords.詹娜关上包装箱，用绳子将它捆好。fasten [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (attach securely)把...固定在...上；把...系在...上Alan fastened the suitcases to the roof rack.艾伦把箱子固定在了车顶架子上。fasten [sth] vtr (clothing: do up) (衣服)扣上，系上Adam fastened the buttons of his shirt.亚当系上了他的衬衫扣子。fasten [sth] vtr (close securely, lock)关上，关严；锁上，闩上The farmer fastened the gate behind her.那个农妇把身后的门关上了。fasten [sth] vtr (seatbelt)使固定；系上Kate fastened her seat belt and started the car.凯特系上安全带，发动了汽车。fasten on [sth] vi + prep (seize)抓住fasten on [sth] vi + prep figurative (take hold of)集中注意力于；全神贯注在Once his mind had fastened on the idea, he couldn't think of anything else.fasten [sth] down, fasten down [sth] vtr + adv (secure [sth])系牢；盖紧；固定faster than [sth/sb] adj + conj (able to move more quickly than)比…快Superman is faster than a speeding bullet.超人飞得比子弹移动速度快。faster than [sth/sb] adj + conj (less time-consuming than)比…用时更少Ian mostly eats ready-meals because they are faster than cooking from scratch.伊恩基本都吃的是即食餐，原因是即食餐准备起来比从零开始做饭快得多。fat [sth] vtr archaic (make fat)使…变胖；把…养肥They fatted the calf for several months before killing it.在宰杀前，他们先要花几个月把小牛养肥。fate [sb] to do [sth] vtr usu passive (destine)注定；命定He was fated to die in the Second World War.他注定在第二次世界大战中身亡。fated to do [sth] expr (doomed to do [sth])命中注定要...的；注定要...的The tour bus was fated to crash along the mountain road.father [sth] vtr (author, originate)创立；创始He fathered the new law on education.fathom [sth] vtr figurative (understand)彻底明白；彻底了解；搞清楚Mindy couldn't fathom her sister's motives for dropping out of school.敏迪搞不清楚自己的妹妹辍学的动机。fatten [sth] vtr (animal: feed up for slaughter) (指待宰的动物)喂肥, 养肥The farmer fattens the hogs throughout the summer.这个农民整个夏季都在养猪。fatten [sth] vtr figurative (enrich: soil)使肥沃The farmer fattened his land with a new fertilizer, which resulted in a significantly larger harvest.fault [sb/sth] vtr (criticize [sb], [sth])批评，责备，指责；挑剔I couldn't fault his performance in any way.他的表现无可指摘。fave [sth], fav [sth] vtr informal (website, app: mark as favorite) (网站、移动应用程序)收藏favor [sth/sb] (US), favour [sth/sb] (UK) vtr (like best)偏爱，更喜欢；偏向，偏袒Keith wears a suit to work six days a week, so on Sunday he tends to favour jeans and a T-shirt.凯斯每周要着工作服上六天班，所以每到周日，他都更喜欢穿牛仔裤和T恤衫。favor [sth/sb] over [sth/sb] (US), favour [sth/sb] over [sth/sb] (UK) vtr + prep (prefer)比起…更偏爱It's not unusual for parents to favor one child over the others.父母在众多孩子中偏爱某一个孩子的现象并不少见。favored by [sth] (US), favoured by [sth] (UK) prep figurative (given an advantage)因...而获得优势be favorably disposed toward [sb/sth], be favourably disposed towards [sb/sth] v expr formal (like)对某人有好感；喜欢某人，偏好某人fax [sth] vtr dated (send by fax)传真；通过传真发送Kyle asked his assistant to fax the letter.凯尔让他的助理去传真这封信。fax [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep dated (send by fax)把...传真给Eric faxed the document to the government office.fear [sb/sth] vtr (be afraid of)恐怕, 担心；害怕, 畏惧Alice feared the dog.恐怕他们出事了。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 小孩子都怕死。fear [sb/sth] vtr (have awe of)畏惧；敬畏We all fear God in this community.fearful of [sth/sb] adj + prep (afraid of [sth/sb])对…恐惧The boy's mother was fearful of what might happen if she let him out of her sight.男孩的妈妈一想到如果自己让他离开自己视线，之后可能会发生的事情就恐惧不已。fearful of doing [sth] expr (afraid to do [sth])害怕做Many people are fearful of going to the dentist.许多人害怕去看牙医。；feather [sth] vtr (plane propeller: reduce drag) (飞机螺旋桨)平掠回桨；使...顺流交距The engineers feathered the propellers on the airplane to help reduce drag in case of an engine failing.feather [sth] vtr (hair: cut to look wispy) (头发)打薄，削薄The stylist feathered Sarah's hair.feather [sth] vtr (rowing)与水面平行地划动（船桨）The rower feathered the oar when it was above water to reduce drag.featherbed [sth/sb] vtr US (make employ too many workers)让...过度雇佣；让...过度保护feather-bed [sth/sb] vtr (provide with economic advantages)为...提供经济优惠；为...提供经济扶持feature [sth] vtr (give prominence)使突出；使突显The magazine is featuring Britain's top 10 restaurants in its July issue.这本杂志将在7月刊内突出介绍英国十大餐厅。feature [sth] vtr (include, show [sth])以…为特色而大做广告；突出介绍；突出展现The new model of this computer features more memory and a faster processor.这种电脑的新型号突出展现自身更多的内存以及更快的处理速度。feature [sth] vtr (characteristic: have)有…特色；以 …为特色Most Norman churches feature a tall steeple.高高的尖塔是多数诺曼教堂的特色所在。feature in [sth] vi + prep (play significant part)是…的特色This theme features prominently in Mr. Gold's newest book.该主题在高尔德先生的最新著作中占据着非常重要的地位。fecundate [sb/sth] vtr (impregnate)使怀孕fed up with [sth], fed up of [sth] expr informal (weary, exasperated)厌烦；对…感到厌倦；受够了Audrey was fed up with the bad weather.Fed up of being sent from one office to another, Joan lost her temper.奥黛丽厌倦了恶劣的天气。//受够了被安排从一个办公室换到另一个办公室，琼发火了。be fed up to the back teeth of doing [sth], be sick to the back teeth of doing [sth] v expr figurative, informal (be exasperated by [sth] repeated)烦透了；失望透顶备注: also "with doing sth"She said angrily that she was fed up to the back teeth of hearing us bicker.federalize [sth], also UK: federalise [sth] vtr (cause to be governed by federation)使联邦化；使受联邦管理federate [sth] vtr (government: bring together) (政府)组成联邦The government federated the colonies to form the nation of Australia.政府将殖民地结成联邦并建立了澳大利亚。federate [sth] vtr (unite)联盟；结成同盟；联合feed [sth] vtr (give food to an animal)喂食（动物）；给…喂食Helen feeds the dog every morning.海伦每天早上都给狗狗喂食。feed [sb/sth] vtr (be a food source)养活，给…提供食物来源This farm feeds the entire village.这个农场养活了全村。feed [sb/sth] on [sth] vtr (give [sth] as nourishment)用…喂养She feeds her chickens on a variety of scraps.她用各种剩饭喂鸡。feed [sth] vtr figurative (supply)供给，供应This pipe feeds the radiator.这根管子给散热器供水。feed [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep figurative (supply)将…送入，给…喂（料）The operator feeds paper to the printing press.操作员将纸张送入印刷机。feed [sth] vtr figurative (gratify)使高兴；使满足Art feeds the spirit.feed on [sth] vi + prep (animal: eat) (动物等)吃东西, 以…为食The animals feed on grass.这种动物吃草。feed [sth] to [sb] vtr figurative (supply)提供The media feeds the news to people.媒体向大众提供新闻。feed [sth] vtr figurative (encourage) (某种情绪)满足, 助长Don't say anything to feed his ego.feed on [sth] vi + prep figurative (ideas, fears) (想法、情绪等)来源于，滋生于Panic feeds on people's fears.恐慌来源于人们的恐惧心理。feed [sb] [sth] vtr figurative (supply) (信息等)给…提供The assistant fed the actor his lines.助理给演员提词。feed [sth] back to [sb] v expr (relay [sth] back to)向…反馈Karen appreciates her staff feeding back intormation to her on a regular basis.凯伦很感谢她的员工能定期向她反馈信息。feel [sth] vtr (sense by touch) (通过触觉)感受到，察觉到，感知到He felt her hand on his shoulder.他感觉到她的手放在他肩上。feel [sth] vtr (examine by touch)触摸；触摸检查She felt the cloth to see how good it was.她摸了摸布料，看看这块料子有多好。feel [sth] vtr (sense, detect: not by touch) (非通过触觉)感觉到，感受到，觉察到I felt hostility in his voice.我感觉到他语气里的敌意。feel [sth] vtr (be conscious of)感觉到，意识到He could feel her gaze on him.他能感觉到她在盯着自己看。feel [sth] vtr (be affected by)受…影响；体验到He felt the full force of the crash.felt [sth] vtr (detect)体验到；感受到；感觉到He felt her anger at the other end of the phone.feel bad about [sth] vi + adj (feel guilty)为...感到内疚；因...感到惭愧feel dizzy, feel dizzy with [sth] vi + adj figurative (be exhilarated, excited)乐得要晕过去feel for [sth] vi + prep (search by touch)摸索feel free to do [sth] v expr informal (do [sth] freely) (非正式用语)随意做某事；欢迎做某事Please feel free to call if you need any help.Tara told Leo that he should feel free to borrow her car whenever he liked.如您需要任何帮助，请随时打电话给我。//塔拉告诉利奥，只要他愿意，随时可以借她的车。feel good about [sth] v expr (be optimistic)对...乐观；看好feel good about [sth] v expr (find [sth] morally acceptable)对...感觉良好；乐见feel guilty about [sth] v expr (feel regretful about [sth])对...有罪恶感；对...有负疚感；对...有负罪感I feel guilty about my bad behaviour.我对自己的不良行为有负罪感。feel guilty for doing [sth], feel guilty about doing [sth] v expr (feel responsible, regretful)对…感到后悔；觉得愧疚I felt guilty for cheating on the test.我对考试作弊感到愧疚。feel like [sth] v expr (want to have)想；想要I feel like a cup of tea.我想要喝杯茶。feel like [sth], feel like doing [sth] v expr (want to do)想要做某事I feel like going out for dinner tonight.今晚，我想要外出就餐。feel like [sth] v expr informal (have sensation)感觉像是I feel like there are little ants running around on my skin.我感觉像是有很多小蚂蚁在我的皮肤上爬来爬去。feel like [sth] v expr (give sensation)让人感觉像是It's really starting to feel like spring!天气真的让人感觉像是春天。feel like [sth] v expr (seem likely)好像是要；似乎是要It feels like it's going to rain.好像是要下雨了。feel strongly about [sth] v expr (have passionate views on)对...抱强烈态度feel the weight of [sth] v expr figurative (be burdened by)感觉到…的重量；承担...重担With all the problems facing him, Mark felt the weight of the world on his shoulders.面对如此多的问题，马克感到整个世界都压在他的肩上。feel up to [sth], feel up to doing [sth] v expr (have health, energy for [sth])感觉有精力…；感觉有力气…I'm so tired that I don't even feel up to going to the party.feeze [sb/sth], feaze [sb/sth] vtr UK, dialect (beat, drive off)赶走，击退The farmers were able to feeze the thieves for a little while, but eventually they came back.feign [sth] vtr (fake, pretend)伪造；捏造Marcus feigned innocence when Jackie asked who had eaten all of the cookies.当杰基问说是谁吃了所有的饼干时，马库斯装出一幅很无辜的样子。feint [sth] vtr (pretend to do [sth] to misdirect)佯攻；虚晃The boxer feinted a punch to his opponent's stomach and instead delivered an uppercut to his chin.fell [sth] vtr (tree: chop down) (指树木)砍倒The loggers felled several large pine trees.伐木工砍了几棵大松树。fell [sth] vtr (sew seam edges flat) (缝纫)折缝, 平接缝The seamstress stitched the sleeve and felled the seam.女裁缝缝上袖子并将接缝处缝平。fellowship [sb/sth] vtr archaic or religious (admit to fellowship)接纳…加入宗教社团felt [sth] vtr (turn into felt)把…制成毡You can felt a piece of knitted fabric by washing it at a very high temperature.通过高温清洗，你可以把一块针织物制成毡。felt [sth] vtr (cover with felt)用毛毡覆盖；给...加垫The ornament was felted on the base to protect the table.这款装饰品底部加垫，以保护台面。feminize [sth/sb], also UK: feminise [sth/sb] vtr (make [sth], [sb] more feminine)使…更女性化feminize [sth], also UK: feminise [sth] vtr (make women the majority involved)使女性在…占多数；使女性在…参与率更高fence [sth] vtr (stolen property) (赃物)卖The pawn shop fenced stolen goods.这家典当行出售赃物。ferment [sth] vtr (cause to ferment)使…发酵Tamara learned how to ferment vegetables in her cooking class.塔玛拉在烹饪课上学习了如何发酵蔬菜。ferret for [sth] vi + prep informal (search)搜寻；侦查The reporter went to the courthouse to ferret for some information for a story.记者到法院去为一篇报道搜寻一些信息。ferret around for [sth] v expr informal (search)搜查The lawyer ferreted around for any evidence that the police might have missed.ferret for [sth] vi + prep (hunt with ferrets)带雪貂一起狩猎Brian took his spade and went out to ferret for some rabbits.ferry [sth] vtr (transport by ferry boat)渡运The boat was used to ferry goods over the river.这艘船曾用来渡运商品过河。ferry [sth] vtr (transport by aircraft)用飞机运送；用飞机运输The jet ferried the shuttle to the launch site.ferry [sth/sb] vtr (transport passengers or goods)运送；运输Mark ferried the kids from school to their swimming class.fertilize [sth], also UK: fertilise [sth] vtr (egg: impregnate)使受精Cell division begins about thirty hours after a sperm cell has fertilized an egg.fertilize [sth], also UK: fertilise [sth] vtr (soil: put compost on)给…施肥I fertilize my garden with manure that I buy from a nearby farm.festoon [sth] vtr (decorate)用花彩装饰；饰以花彩；结彩于The girl's parents had festooned the hall for her birthday party.festoon [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep often passive (adorn with [sth])用花彩装饰We festooned the rails of the boat with ribbons and streamers.fetch [sth] vtr (go and get, collect)去拿来； (人)去请来, 去叫来Brian went to fetch the mail.布莱恩去取信了。fetch [sth] vtr (dog: retrieve [sth]) (狗叼回主人抛出的物件)衔回, 叼回Tim trained the dog to fetch a ball.蒂姆训练狗去叼回球。fetch [sth] vtr figurative (price: be sold for)卖到（好价钱）；以（价位）售出The gold pendant fetched a good price at the auction.那个黄金坠饰在拍卖会上卖了一个好价钱。fetishize [sth], also UK: fetishise [sth] vtr (make [sth] the object of sexual obsession)恋物化；拜物化fetishize [sth], also UK: fetishise [sth] vtr (be obsessive about [sth])盲目迷恋；极度迷恋fetter [sb/sth] vtr (restrain)给…戴上脚镣The guards fettered the prisoner and took him to solitary confinement.守卫们给这位囚犯戴上镣铐，把他单独监禁。fetter [sth] vtr figurative, often passive (restrain, limit)囚禁, 束缚, 羁绊, 限制Ryan was not fettered by the constraints of tradition or convention.瑞恩不受传统或习俗的束缚。fettle [sth] vtr (remove roughness from [sth], as a casting)修补...fettle [sth] vtr (line [sth], as a furnace wall)给...上炉床涂料fettle [sth] vtr UK, dialect (repair [sth])修补fettle [sth] vtr UK, dialect (put a finishing touch on [sth]) (方言)给...画龙点睛；最后完成fictionalize [sth], also UK: fictionalise [sth] vtr (write a dramatized version)将…写成小说The author fictionalized some of the events to protect the privacy of the victims.fiddle [sth] vtr UK, informal (cheat, falsify) (口语)欺骗；欺诈As more details of the expenses scandal emerged, the public began to think all politicians were fiddling the system.随着开销丑闻的更多细节的出现，公众开始认为，所有政客都是在欺诈系统。fiddle with [sth] vi + prep (play absent-mindedly with)随意摆弄；漫不经心地抚弄Please stop fiddling with your hair!请别再摆弄你的头发了！fiddle with [sth] vi + prep informal (tinker with, alter)胡乱修理；胡乱摆弄John loved to fiddle with old cars, but never actually fixed them up.约翰喜欢修理旧车，但从来没有真正修好过。field [sth] vtr (baseball, cricket: catch ball) (棒球、板球)接球He fielded the ball with dexterity.field [sth] vtr (sports: put into play) (体育)派…上场，派…参赛They fielded a very competent team.他们派了一个实力非常强的球队参赛。field [sth] vtr figurative (deal with: questions)巧妙地回答；应对The candidate fielded a number of questions from the reporters.field-test [sth] vtr figurative (trial [sth] under real conditions)对…进行现场测试fieldstrip [sth], field-strip [sth] vtr mainly US (disassemble: a weapon) (武器)拆卸fieldstrip [sth], field-strip [sth] vtr mainly US (cigarette butt: leave no trace of) (烟头)拆解丢弃；拆分丢弃fight [sb/sth] vtr (try to defeat)与…斗争；与...战斗She fought the government and won.她与政府斗争并取得了胜利。fight [sth] vtr figurative (combat, resist) (比喻)同…抗争, 同…斗争He fought cancer for seven years before succumbing.fight for [sth] vi + prep (struggle, defend oneself)为...奋斗；为...抗争；为...斗争You have to fight for your rights.你必须为自己的权利斗争。fight against [sth] vi + prep (contend)与...斗争He fought against the new regulations.他与新的规定作斗争。fight [sth] vtr (wage, engage in)打（仗）；参加（战争）The soldiers fought a battle.士兵们打了一仗。fight with [sth/sb] vi + prep figurative (struggle against)与…抗争Irene has fought with her addiction to alcohol for many years.a figment of [sth] n ([sth] imagined)虚构的事；臆想的事；想象的事Did I really see that happen or was it a figment of my troubled mind?figure [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep often passive (decorate)用…装饰The wedding invitation was figured with an intricate design.婚礼请帖装饰着繁复华丽的设计图案。figure [sth] vtr often passive (depict)描绘；表现The tribe's early style of dress is figured in the drawing.这幅画描绘了该部落早期的服饰风格。figure in [sth] vi + prep (be included)包括；算进Make sure the cost of lighting and heating figures in your tax calculations.filch [sth] vtr informal (steal)偷Paul tried to filch a candy bar from the corner store, but the cashier caught him.保罗试图从街角商店里偷一块糖果，但被收银员抓住了。file [sth] vtr (classify)把…归档；把…分类I file all my telephone bills together.我把所有电话账单都归在了一起。file [sth] vtr (smooth with a file)用锉刀锉He filed the wood.他用锉刀锉木头。file for [sth] vi + prep (register legally for [sth]) (破产等)申请备注: Commonly used with: adoption, bankruptcy, divorceJeff's company failed and he was forced to file for bankruptcy.杰夫的公司倒闭了，他被迫申请破产。file [sth] vtr (smooth with a nail file)用指甲锉挫She filed her nails.file [sth] vtr (submit a law, complaint) (诉讼)提起；递呈The worker filed a formal complaint against his company.filibuster [sth] vtr US (delay: legislation)阻碍议案通过The senator vowed to filibuster the bill.filigree [sth] vtr (adorn with filigree)用金银细丝饰品装饰...fill [sth] vtr (load a container)装满；注满He filled the bottle with water.他把瓶子装满了水。fill [sth] vtr (complete an order, prescription)照（方）配药；（按订单）供应；交付（订货）The pharmacist fills hundreds of prescriptions per day.药剂师每天要照方配几百付药。NEW：昨天这家公司交付了五十万美元的货。fill [sth] vtr (occupy space)占满；填满The boxes filled the entire storage room.fill [sth] vtr (plug)堵；塞；填充Joseph filled the hole with cement to fix the leak.约瑟夫用水泥堵上了那个洞以阻止泄露。fill [sth] vtr (hold a position, role) (职务)担任He fills the role of marketing director for the company.fill [sth] vtr (hire a person for a job) (职务)找人担任We need to fill this position as soon as possible.fill [sth] vtr (put amalgam in: a tooth)补（牙）；填补（牙)The standard treatment for a cavity is to fill the tooth.治疗龋洞的标准做法是补牙。fill [sb] in on [sth] v expr figurative, informal (person: update)告知…最新情况Andy filled me in on the latest developments.安迪把最新的进展告诉了我。fill [sth] up with [sth], fill up [sth] with [sth] v expr (make full of)用…倒满；把…倒满Brendan filled up my glass with wine.布兰登给我满上了酒。be filled with [sth] v expr (be full of [sth])被…填满；充满The cave was filled with stalactites and stalagmites.The pastries are filled with cream cheese.fillet [sth] vtr (meat: remove bones) (肉、鱼)把...去骨Paul filleted the salmon.保罗去除了三文鱼的骨头。a fillip to [sth] n (stimulus)激励, 推动fillip [sth] vtr archaic (flick, flip)轻弹；弹击film [sth] vtr (record as moving images) (电影等)拍；拍摄The director filmed three scenes of the movie today.导演今天拍摄了三个场景。film [sth] vtr dated (coat in a thin layer)把…蒙上一层薄膜；给…涂上一层薄膜Just film the skin with a thin layer of cream.filter [sth] vtr (separate with a filter)过滤The machine filtered the coffee.那台机器过滤了咖啡。filter [sth] vtr (computing: narrow search, results) (计算机)过滤，筛选Megan filtered the search results to find the item she was looking for.filter [sth] out, filter out [sth] vtr + prep figurative (ignore)忽视, 不理会She plays her music so loud, I just have to filter out the distraction in order to get any work done.filter [sth] out, filter out [sth] vtr + prep (remove by sieve, strain)过滤, 滤除Pour the tea through a strainer to filter out the tea leaves.filter [sth] out, filter out [sth] vtr + prep (sort)整理，归整；分类，归类filter through [sth] vi + prep (be strained, sieved)滤出filtrate [sth] vtr (filter)过滤fin [sth] vtr (remove fins from)去除...的鳍It is illegal to fin sharks in these waters.finagle [sth] vtr informal (acquire by deceit)骗取；诈骗获取finagle [sth] from [sb] vtr + prep informal (obtain from [sb] by deceit)从...骗取...finagle [sb] out of [sth] v expr informal (obtain from [sb] by deceit)欺骗某人的某物；骗取某人的某物finalize [sth], also UK: finalise [sth] vtr (finish, complete)完成；完结；落实Dan finalized the report and sent it to his boss.finalize [sth], also UK: finalise [sth] vtr (conclude, agree)最终议定；最终确定The working group finalized the project schedule.finance [sth] vtr (pay for with a loan)贷款买Erin financed her new car through the bank.艾琳通过银行贷款买了新车。finance [sth] vtr (company: fund)资助；为…提供资金The company financed a huge smear campaign against a competitor.这家公司针对自己的竞争对手，资助了一次大型的抹黑活动。find [sth] vtr (come across)（偶然）发现I found ten dollars in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上捡到了十美元。find [sth] vtr (recover, retrieve) (丢失之物等)找到，找回I lost my phone last week but I found it this morning.我上周丢了手机，但今天早上找到了。find [sth/sb] ([sth]) vtr (regard, consider)觉得；认为I find modern music rather repetitive.我觉得现代音乐翻来覆去总是那一套。find [sth] vtr (discover, encounter)发现Leave everything exactly as you found it.严格保持你发现它时的原状。find [sth] vtr (ascertain)找出，找到It is a problem, and we must find the solution to it.这是个问题，我们必须找出解决方案。find [sth] vtr (reach, attain)到达；击中The arrow found its target.一箭中的。find fault with [sb/sth] v expr (criticize [sb/sth])找...的茬；埋怨find solace in [sth] v expr (be comforted, consoled by)在...中获得安慰；从...中寻找慰藉find the key to [sth] v expr (to a puzzle, problem)找到...的答案； (比喻)找到打开...的钥匙I know I could solve this puzzle if only I could find the key to it.find the product of [sth] v expr (mathematics: multiply)计算...的乘积find time to do [sth], find the time to do [sth] vtr + n (activity: fit in)抽空；挤时间（做某事）I am very busy, but I will try to find time to see you.find time for [sth], find the time for [sth] vtr + n (activity, event: fit in)有空做...Many people complain they cannot find time for reading.find yourself doing [sth] v expr (be, realise you are: doing [sth])忽然意识到自己在做She finds herself constantly thinking about the boy from her English class.fine [sb] [sth] vtr (charge, penalize by an amount)对…处以（罚款）The judge fined her £500 for contempt of court.由于蔑视法庭，法官对她处以500英镑的罚款。fine line between [sth] and [sth], a fine line between [sth] and [sth] n figurative (little distinction)微小的差别There's a fine line between genius and insanity.天才和疯子间只有一线之隔。fine-tune [sth] vtr figurative (refine) (比喻)对…进行改进The basic process is good but we'll need to fine-tune it a bit as we go along.fine-tune [sth] vtr (adjust precisely)对…进行微调He found it impossible to fine-tune the radio using the dial.finesse [sth] vtr (deal with skilfully)巧妙应对；熟练处理finger [sth] vtr (touch)用手指摸；触摸She gently fingered the fabric, assessing its quality.她轻轻抚摸着面料，评估面料的质量。finger [sth] vtr (music: play with fingers) (乐器)（用手指）弹拨To play that passage as written, you need to finger the trill very rapidly.要按照谱子演奏这一段，你得急速弹拨颤音。finger [sth] vtr (touch, play: chords, keys)用手指弹奏How do you finger an A chord on a guitar?在吉他上A和弦的指位是怎样的？finger [sth] vtr (music: mark to show which fingers used) (乐谱)给…标明指法符号finish [sth] vtr (task: complete) (任务)完成, 结束He will finish the translation in the next 30 minutes.他再要30分钟就能翻译完。finish doing [sth] v expr (task: complete)完成；做完Tania finished cooking dinner and served it up.塔尼亚做完晚餐，将其端上桌。finish [sth] vtr (use up, exhaust)用完；耗尽；吃完She finished the box of cereal and had to open another one.她吃完了一盒麦片，不得不再开一盒。finish [sth] vtr (race: reach end of)跑完，走完She finished the race in 35 minutes.她在35分钟内跑完了比赛。finish [sth] vtr (coat: an object)给…上漆；给…打蜡Now that we have built the chair, we need to finish it with a cherry stain.finish with [sth] vi + prep (have no further need of) (不再需要)用完…备注: most often used in the perfect tensesHave you finished with this newspaper?fire [sth] vtr (gun: shoot)开枪；射击They fired their guns.他们开枪了。fire at [sth/sb] vi + prep (shoot a weapon at)向…开火，朝…射击The soldiers were firing at the enemy.士兵向敌人开火。fire [sth] vtr (set alight)点燃They fired the big pile of rubbish they had collected.fire [sth] vtr (supply fuel)给…添加燃料You should fire the boiler with anthracite coal.fire [sth] vtr (ignite) (引擎等)打着, 启动Go ahead and fire the engine.fire [sth] vtr (kiln) (陶器等)烧制The potter fires her stoneware in a kiln.fire [sth] vtr figurative (emotions: inflame)点燃，激起Her kiss fired his passion even more.fire [sth] vtr figurative (inspire)激发The sight fired her imagination.fire [sth] vtr figurative (throw)（用力地）扔，投He fired a ball through the open window.fire upon [sth] vi + prep (with weapon: shoot)开火，开枪；射击，枪击；炮击As soon as I give the order, fire upon the battleship.firebomb [sth/sb] vtr (attack with firebombs)用燃烧弹攻击；向…发射燃烧弹Rebels firebombed the complex.叛军向这个建筑群投掷燃烧弹。fired up about [sth], fired up for [sth] adj + prep figurative, informal (enthusiastic about [sth])因...而兴奋；为了...而激动After an hour's practice on the tennis court, Isabel felt fired up for the tournament.fireproof [sth] vtr (make flame resistant)使防火；使耐火firm [sth] vtr (make firm)使坚实；使结实After planting seeds one must firm the soil.fish [sth] vtr (fish: try to catch)捕鱼；钓鱼He's fishing trout.他在钓鲑鱼。fish [sth] vtr figurative (search through)搜寻，搜索They're fishing the whole region for leads.fish for [sth] vi + prep figurative (seek: compliments, etc.)寻求，渴求She's fishing for compliments. Just ignore her.fish [sth] vtr (try to catch fish in)在...中钓鱼My grandfather has been fishing these waters for forty years.fissure [sth] vtr (split)裂开The arid climate has fissured the baked earth.fistful of [sth], plural: fistfuls, fistsful n (handful)一把；一撮Ryan threw a fistful of sand onto the ice.fit in [sth], fit into [sth] vi + prep (have correct dimensions)能被…装下；能装进That table does not fit in the small room.那间小房间，装不下那张桌子。fit for [sth] adj (competent)适合的；胜任的He's not fit for the job.他并不适合这份工作。fit to do [sth] adj (competent)能胜任；有能力做Amy wants to prove to her boss that she is fit to take on more responsibility.艾米想要向老板证明自己有能力做更多事。fit for [sth] adj + prep (suitable)适合The meat is fit for use as animal food.这肉适合做动物的食物。fit for [sth] adj + prep (ready)就要…的These old boots are fit for the rubbish bin.fit [sth] vtr (be suitable)适合于；符合Does this suitcase fit your needs?fit [sth] vtr (adjust)使适合；使合身We'll fit your jacket as soon as the tailor is available.fit [sb], fit [sb] for [sth] vtr (prepare)使合格；为…做好准备Experience will fit you for the job.fit [sth] vtr often passive (furnish)装配；为…提供设备They're having their kitchen fitted.fit with [sth] vi + prep (be proper)与…相配；适合Her elegant behaviour fit perfectly with the diplomatic corps.她举止优雅，与外交使团完美契合。fit [sth] back together v expr (reassemble)重新组装，重新装配fit into [sth] vi + prep (be small enough for)正好嵌入；刚好放入；插入I'd put on weight and could no longer fit into my uniform.I think that this large pitcher will still fit into the cabinet.我长胖了，穿不下制服了。 // 我认为这个大陶罐还放得进那个壁橱。fit to burst with [sth], fit to bust with [sth] expr UK (full of [sth]: emotion, excitement) (情绪、感情)充满fitness for [sth] n (person: qualifications) (人)资格The board had to assess each candidate's fitness for the position.董事会审查了每位候选人担任这个职务的资格。fitness for [sth] n (appropriateness)适合；适宜John had to examine and write a report on the boat's fitness for sea travel.约翰不得不检查那只船，并写一份报告，说明该船是否适合海航。fix [sth] vtr (put right, repair)修理；修复；改正；纠正Will fixed his bike with some small tools.The student fixed the mistakes in her homework.威尔用一些小工具把单车修好了。// 那位学生改正了自己作业中的错误。fix [sth] to [sth] vtr (attach)把...钉在；把...固定在Let me fix this poster to the wall.让我把海报钉在墙上。fix [sth], fix [sth] at [sth] vtr (price: set) (价格)定，固定We fixed the price at nineteen dollars each.我们把价格定在19元一个。fix [sth] vtr (meal, food: prepare) (一顿饭)准备She fixed the meal for the children.她给孩子们准备了晚餐。fix [sth], fix [sth] on [sth] vtr (attention: direct) (注意力)集中Now fix your attention on the tallest player.现在把你的注意力集中到那个最高的球员身上。fix [sth] vtr informal (artificially ensure result)人为操纵The election was fixed, and the government candidate won easily.这次选举存在人为操纵，政府的候选人轻松取胜。fix [sth], fix [sth] on [sth] vtr (hold steady)使集中注意力The optometrist told him to fix his eyes on the dot on the wall.验光师让他盯着墙上的那个点看。fix [sth] vtr (make permanent)使（颜色）固定；使长久We use this chemical to fix the colours in the T-shirt.为了让T恤永久着色，我们使用了这种化学品。fix [sth] vtr (agree date, time, etc.)约定Liz and Mark have decided to get married, but they haven't yet fixed a date.利兹和马克打算结婚，但还没有选定日期。fix [sth] vtr (photography) (摄影)定影The photographer fixed the prints in the correct solution.fix [sth] vtr informal (adjust, touch up)收拾；准备Let me fix my make-up and we can go.等我补好妆，我们就可以出发了。fix [sth] vtr informal (neuter)阉割Yes, all the dogs have been fixed so they won't have any puppies.fix to do [sth] vtr + prep US regional, informal (prepare to do [sth])处理；解决备注: Usually used in continuous tenses.fixate on [sth], fixate upon [sth] vi + prep (be obsessed)关注；着眼于You need to stop fixating on the small details and try to look at the big picture.你应停止关注细节，试着去纵观大局。fixate [sth] vtr formal (focus on)注意；注视During the exam the optician asked the patient to fixate his eyes on a central point.fixated on [sth] adj + prep (obsessed by [sth])着迷的；着迷于...Marty is fixated on science.flack [sth] vtr US, pejorative, informal (publicize something)宣传The publisher has been flacking the new novel for over a month now.直到现在，出版商已为这部新小说经做了一个多月的宣传了。flag [sth] vtr figurative (mark)作记号于；标示The errors were flagged in the margin.错误都在页边上标示出来了。flag [sth] vtr (bus, taxi: hail) (出租车，公交车等)打手势让...停下，叫，拦The doorman will flag a cab for you.门童会帮您叫出租车。flag [sth] vtr (signal [sth])打旗号表示The sailors used a semaphore system to flag messages.水手们根据一种视觉通信系统，用旗子打旗号来传达信息。flag [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (signal [sth] to [sb])向某人发送...的信号；向某人传递...的信号Ships use coloured bunting to flag messages to one another.船只用彩旗传递信息。flair for [sth] n (ability)才能；天资；资质Sarah's flair for photography helped her get a job.莎拉在摄影上的才能让她找到了一份工作。flambé [sth] vtr French (food: cook in flames)火焰烧flange [sth] vtr (act as a flange) (起到凸缘的作用)装凸缘Flange one end of the tube and fit the other into it.flank [sb/sth] vtr (military, combat)从侧翼包围；从侧面攻击The army's main body engaged the enemy while a smaller group flanked them.军队主力抗击敌人，而一个小分队从侧翼包围敌人。flank [sb/sth] vtr usually passive (be at the side of)左右两侧有；左右两侧是The boss was flanked by his two most trusted advisers.老板的左右是他的两位最受信任的顾问。flap [sth] vtr (bird: move, beat wings)振翅；鼓翼而飞The bat flapped its wings.蝙蝠拍打着翅膀。flap [sth] vtr (move up and down)拍击, 拍打；使摆动, 使飘动Rose flapped a tea towel, trying to clear the smoke from the kitchen.罗丝扇动着茶巾，试图去除厨房里的烟。flash of [sth] n figurative (sudden sensation) (情绪等)一股；一阵Dan felt a flash of anger when somebody pushed in front of him in the queue.有人插队排在丹的前面，丹感到一阵愤怒。flash [sth] vtr (show quickly)快速出示；快速展示The policeman flashed his badge.警察快速出示了自己的警徽。flash of [sth] n figurative (sudden emotion) (情绪)忽然出现，突然发生Aaron felt a flash of frustration and scowled.flash [sth] vtr (body part: expose) (身体器官)快速暴露Karen flashed her breasts.flash [sth] at [sb] vtr + prep (body part: expose to [sb]) (身体器官)快速把...暴露给...看Peter flashed his butt at an old woman.flash [sth] up vtr + adv (point light in upward direction)向上照亮Ginny flashed the torch up at the ceiling to reveal a large spider.flash [sth] up [sth] vtr + adv (point light in direction of [sth])将...照向flash-freeze [sth] vtr (freeze rapidly)将...速冻备注: Most often used in the past participle: flash-frozen.flat [sth] vtr US (musical note: flatten, make flat) (音调)使…下降Flatting the pitch of a song can really change its mood.flatten [sth] vtr (make flat)将...压扁The baker flattened the dough into a shallow loaf.烘焙师将面团压扁，成了一块薄饼。flatten [sth] vtr UK (musical note: make flat) (音调)降Tom flattened the pitch by a semitone.汤姆将音调降了半度。flatten [sth] vtr figurative (crush violently)把...夷为平地；彻底摧毁The military flattened the town.军队把那小镇夷为了平地。flatten [sth] out, flatten out [sth] vtr + adv (make smooth)把…弄平滑flatten [sth] out, flatten out [sth] vtr + adv (dough: make thin) (面团)把…弄薄flatten [sth] out, flatten out [sth] vtr + adv (make level)把…弄平flatter [sb/sth] vtr (make attractive)将...衬托得更漂亮Black clothes flatter all body types.黑色的衣服能将所有的体型都衬托地更漂亮。flaunt [sth] vtr (show off)炫耀；夸耀The rich man liked to flaunt his wealth.flavor [sth] (US), flavour [sth] (UK) vtr (food: add seasoning) (食物)给…加调味品，加味于What's the best way to flavor tofu? He flavoured the icing with a few drops of rose water.如何最好地给豆腐调味？他用了几滴玫瑰水给糖霜加味。flaw [sth] vtr rare (mar, make imperfect)使…有缺陷A number of typographical errors flaw this otherwise excellent biography.flay [sb/sth] vtr (remove skin from) (尤指动物或死人)剥…的皮The first step in the recipe is to flay the fish.食谱的第一步是给鱼去皮。flay [sth/sb] vtr figurative (wind, rain: lash)如鞭子般抽打The driving rain flayed the north side of the building.瓢泼大雨拍打着这栋建筑物的北侧。fleck [sth] vtr (speckle)使……有斑点；饰以斑点The mud flew up in all directions, flecking the nearby people.泥浆四溅，弄得附近的人满身都是。fleck [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep usually passive (speckle)点缀The potter painted the vase with delicate designs and flecked it with gold.flecked with [sth] adj + prep (speckled)有…斑点的fledge [sth], fletch [sth] vtr (arrows: feather) (在箭上)装羽毛Fledge the arrows carefully or they won't fly straight.flee [sth/sb] vtr (run away from)逃离；逃避；避开Millions flee hunger and persecution each year.每年都有数百万人因饥荒和迫害而逃离。fleece [sth] vtr (shear the wool from) (绵羊、家畜等)给...剪毛Ben fleeced the sheep.本给绵羊剪了毛。fleet [sth] vtr archaic (time: cause to pass quickly) (时光)飞逝flense [sth] vtr (strip blubber or skin from: whale, etc.) (鲸等)剥取…的脂肪； (鲸等)剥…的皮flense [sth] vtr (blubber, skin: strip from a whale) (鲸)剥...的皮flesh [sth] vtr (animal hide: remove flesh)割掉...（兽皮上）的肉The hunter fleshed the hide.flex [sth] vtr (bend, stretch: a muscle) (肌肉)屈伸Peter stood in front of the mirror and flexed his arms.彼得站在镜子前屈伸手臂。flex [sth] vtr figurative (demonstrate: power, strength)显示力量；炫耀力量The government flexed its military muscle to intimidate its neighbors.该政府展示军事实力来威胁其邻国。flick [sth] vtr (flip with finger) (手指)轻弹，轻击Kate flicked the crumbs off the table.凯特轻弹掉了桌上的面包屑。flick through [sth], flip through [sth] vi + prep (book, pages: leaf through)快速翻阅；迅速翻看I spent hours on that report and he just flicked through it before dismissing it!我花了好几小时做那份报告，而他仅仅快速翻阅了一下就把它否决了。flick through [sth], flip through [sth] vi + prep (TV channels: browse) (电视)不断换台；浏览频道I spent ten minutes flicking through the TV channels and didn't find anything worth watching.我一直不断换台，换了十分钟之久，结果还是没有找到什么值得一看的节目。flick, flick of [sth] n (quick movement)轻快的动作；快速的轻击；快速的轻打Tim tossed the coin into the tin with a flick of his wrist.Mary's flick of the head was an unsuccessful attempt to get her hair out of her eyes.蒂姆手腕一挥，就把硬币扔进了罐子。// 玛丽头一甩，想把头发从眼睛拨开但没有成功。flicker of [sth] n figurative (brief sensation)短暂出现；闪现Erin felt a flicker of doubt.flicker [sth] vtr (move [sth] quickly and slightly)快速扇动John flickered an eyelid at the sudden noise.flinch from [sth] vi + prep (avoid [sth] frightening or difficult)从...退缩；对...畏缩备注: Commonly used in negative sentences.A good soldier does not flinch from his duty.好士兵不逃避他的职责。fling [sth], fling [sth] at [sth], fling [sth] at [sb] vtr (throw)扔；投；掷Trevor flung a rock at the tree, but he missed.特雷弗将一颗石子扔向树，但是他没有仍准。fling [sb/sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (put [sb/sth] somewhere suddenly)使…突然处于，猛然...The political activist was flung into prison. Flinging some books into her bag, the student hurried out of the door.那个政治运动家被投入监狱。那个学生把几本书塞进她的包里，匆匆出了门。fling yourself into [sth] v expr figurative (get involved in)投入；投身于Lara is flinging herself into learning Spanish.拉拉正投入地学习西班牙语。fling [sth] vtr UK, informal (throw away)扔掉；丢弃I hate that ugly vase; I think we should fling it.fling [sth] away, fling away [sth] vtr + adv (toss [sth] away from self)抛弃，丢掉fling [sth] out, fling out [sth] vtr + adv (throw away)扔掉…；丢掉…fling [sth] out, fling out [sth] vtr + adv (arm or leg: extend) (手臂或腿)…伸展开备注: Often used in the passive.She lay still where she had landed, arms and legs flung out.flip [sth] vtr (turn over)翻转；翻过来Tim flipped the card to look at the back.提姆把卡片翻过来看它的背面。flip [sth] vtr (pancake, coin: toss) (硬币)翻转Jim flipped the pancake in the pan.吉姆把平底锅里的薄煎饼翻转过来。flip [sth] vtr (throw casually)轻抛；抛掷Tom flipped the rock into the fountain.汤姆将石块抛入喷泉中。flip [sth] over vtr + adv (turn upside down)把…快速地翻过来；突然翻转Marie flipped her notebook over when Roger tried to see what she was writing. When turning out a jelly, hold the plate over the mould before flipping it over.罗杰想看玛丽在写什么时，她却把笔记本翻过来。制作果冻时，在翻转前请将磨具上的盘子扶稳。flirtation with [sth] n figurative (brush with [sth], close shave)与…接触, 与…靠近Don enjoys flirtations with danger and does dangerous things like base jumping.flirtation with [sth] n figurative (experimentation)尝试, 浅尝则止After a brief flirtation with watercolours, he has gone back to oil painting.在短暂地尝试了水彩画后，他又重新开始画油画。float [sth] vtr (make bob on surface)浮出；浮现The children were floating paper boats on the pond.孩子们在池塘上放出了纸船。float [sth] vtr figurative (idea: propose)提议Agnes floated the idea of working a four-day week and closing the office on Fridays, but her boss wasn't keen.艾格尼斯提议一周工作四天，周日不上班，但老板并不看好她的意见。float [sth] to [sb], float [sth] by [sb] vtr + prep (idea: suggest to [sb])向...提出...；向...建议...Ron went to his boss to float an idea by him, but he didn't get a meeting.荣恩去找老板提出一个他自己的主意，但他没有得到会面的机会。flock to [sth] vi + prep figurative (go as a group)成群来到；蜂拥而至As soon as the new restaurant opened, the local community started to flock to it after work.新餐厅一开张，当地人就在下班后蜂拥而至。flog [sb/sth] vtr (beat, whip)棒打；鞭打The mutinous sailors were flogged for their insubordination.暴动的水手因不服从命令而受到鞭打。flog [sth] vtr slang (sell) (非法)卖, 出售Kyle went door to door flogging household goods.flog [sth] vtr UK, figurative, slang (publicize)大力宣传, 大力为…作广告The publisher has spent a large amount of money flogging the author's newest book.flood [sth] vtr (water)淹没；使灌满水The spring melt flooded the lake bed.春天雪水消融，淹没了湖床。flood [sth] vtr figurative (overwhelm)充满, 淹没Customers flooded the business with complaints.顾客纷纷向商家投诉。flood [sth] vtr (engine: overfill carburettor)使...的汽化器溢油If you try to start the car on full choke, you'll flood the engine.floodlight [sth] vtr (equip with floodlights)用泛光灯照明The club has raised the funds needed to floodlight the football pitch.floor [sth] vtr (install flooring in)给…铺地板，给…装地板The workers are going to floor our bathroom today.今天工人要给我们的洗手间铺地板。flour [sth] vtr (cover in flour)把面粉撒在...上Tim floured the pan before setting the loaf on it.flourish [sth] vtr (brandish)挥舞；挥动The fencer flourished his sword.flout [sth] vtr (disregard: a rule) (法律法规)公然无视；公然蔑视In her anger, Maryanne decided to flout the rules and stay out past curfew.玛丽安娜一气之下决定无视规定，在宵禁后仍待在外面。flout [sth] vtr (show disdain for, mock)嘲笑；嘲弄Quinn flouted the play in her review in the newspaper.奎因在报纸上发表评论，嘲笑这部戏。flow into [sth] vi + prep (river, liquid) (河流、液体等)流入Blood flows into the kidneys through the renal artery.flow into [sth] vi + prep figurative (supply) (比喻)流入As capital flows into the stock market, the stock price increases.flower [sth] vtr (decorate with flowers)用花装饰When I have painted the door blue, I am going to flower it all over.flub [sth] vtr (fail, botch)把…搞砸flub [sth] n (mistake, blunder)搞砸；失误fluff [sth] vtr (make more cushioned)拍松；使松软The nurse fluffed his pillows for him.护士为他拍松了枕头。fluff [sth] vtr UK, slang (get wrong)搞错；念错The actor fluffed his lines several times during the performance.flunk [sth] vtr US, slang (test, exam: fail) (考试)通不过；使某人通不过；给某人不及格I flunked the math test and have to take it over.我数学考试不及格，不得不重考。flunk [sth] vtr US, slang (course: fail) (考试)通不过；使某人通不过； (台湾，课程不及格)被当掉了She's very embarrassed about having flunked third grade.三年级课程不及格让她很难堪。fluoridate [sth] vtr (add fluoride to)向 ... 中加入氟flurry, flurry of [sth] n (snow: light, brief shower)小雪A flurry of snow blew across the field.flurry of [sth] n (sudden, large number of [sth])一系列骚动；一阵混乱The newspaper received a flurry of angry editorial submissions every time the government did something.每次政府采取某些行动，报纸都会收到一大堆愤怒的社评。flush [sth] vtr (dispose of: toilet waste)将…丢弃入（马桶）Don't flush too much paper down the toilet, you will block it!别丢太多纸到马桶里并冲下去，会造成马桶堵塞的！flush with [sth] adj + prep (flat or aligned with [sth])与…齐高；与…平齐The hooks should be flush with the wall, otherwise the pictures will not hang properly.挂钩应该和墙面平齐，否则画就挂不正。be flush with [sth] v expr (have great success, hope, etc.)丰足的；充裕的；大量的With her newly earned law degree, Julia is flush with optimism about her future career.flush [sth] vtr (drive bird or animal out of hiding)把...从隐藏处驱赶出来，把...赶出flush [sth] vtr figurative (clear)清除The vet gave the dog laxatives to flush the toxin from his system.flush [sth] away, flush away [sth] vtr + adv (wash away with water)冲去；冲刷掉The drug dealer heard the police at the door and quickly ran to the bathroom to flush away the evidence.flush [sth] out, flush out [sth] vtr + adv (run liquid through to clean)冲洗，清洗，冲掉They had to flush out the sewer pipe to make it drain properly.flush [sth] out, flush out [sth] vtr + adv (eliminate)驱除，清除，除掉Drinking lots of water helps to flush out toxins.flush [sth/sb] out vtr + adv figurative (scare out, bring to light)迫使...离开藏身处；驱赶出来flush [sth/sb] out of [sth] v expr figurative (scare out, bring to light)将...驱赶出；将...逐出Our dog had flushed a deer out of the woods and into the open field.flute [sth] vtr (pie crust: pinch) (饼皮)把...制成褶状Sarah fluted the edge of the pie crust.莎拉把派的饼皮边缘捏成了褶状。flute [sth] vtr (groove)在...上挖出凹槽The mason fluted the stone.flutter [sth] vtr (wings: flap) (翅膀)拍动，扇动The bird fluttered its wings in an attempt to fly away.那只鸟扇动着翅膀想要飞走。fly [sth] vtr (pilot) (飞机)驾驶The pilot flew a 747.飞行员驾驶的是747型飞机。fly [sth] vtr (transport by plane)空运The pilot flew cargo between the two cities.飞行员在两座城市间空运货物。fly [sth] vtr (travel across by plane)乘飞机旅行We flew the continent in less than five hours.fly [sth] vtr (flag: raise) (旗帜)升起The fort was flying the British flag.fly [sth] vtr (kite: make airborne)放飞（风筝）；放（风筝）It's not windy enough today to fly a kite.今天风不够大，风筝放不上去。fly in the face of [sth] v expr figurative (contradict completely)与...形成鲜明对比；与...完全不同fob [sb] off with [sth] v expr informal (give [sb] [sth] inferior, unsatisfactory)用某事敷衍某人；用某事敷衍某人Frank is always trying to fob me off with excuses.fob [sth] off on [sb] v expr informal (give [sb] [sth] inferior, unsatisfactory)把...骗卖给...Martin tried to fob off his old laptop on me.focalize [sth], also UK: focalise [sth] vtr (bring into focus)聚焦于focus [sth] vtr (image: bring into clear view) (调节焦距)使清晰He adjusted the slide projector to focus the image.他调整了投影仪使图像清晰。focus [sth] vtr (camera, lens: adjust)调节…焦距；调焦；对准…镜头He focused the camera.他调节了相机的镜头。focus on [sth] vi + prep (gain clear view of)聚焦于If you focus on the flower, the background will be blurry.如果你聚焦于那朵花，那么背景就会变得模糊。focus on [sth] vi + prep figurative (concentrate)把…集中Please leave me alone; I need to focus on this project.请别烦我，我需要把精力集中到这个项目上。focus on doing [sth] v expr figurative (concentrate)集中精力于…上It's time you focused on studying for your exams.是时候为了你的考试集中精力于学业了。focus on [sth] vi + prep figurative (pay exclusive attention to)重点放在；将精力集中在James will focus on winning gold at the Olympic Games rather than breaking the 400m world record.詹姆士会把重点放在奥运会夺金上而不是打破400米的世界纪录。focus [sth] vtr (cause to converge)使聚焦A magnifying glass can focus the sun's rays and set things on fire.focus on [sth], focus on doing [sth] vi + prep figurative (be about)以…为重点；集中于The report focused on what needed to be done to make the company profitable again.报告的重点是需要采取什么措施来让公司重新盈利。focus your eyes on [sth/sb] v expr (train eyes on)注视；盯住；把目光集中在Shaun focused his eyes on the target and threw his dart.肖恩盯住靶子扔出飞镖。fodder for [sth] n figurative (subject matter)素材Her experiences, good and bad, were all fodder for her novel.fodder for [sth] n figurative (person, people: expendable)炮灰They were all just fodder for the emperor's army.a fog of [sth] n figurative (confusion)迷惑；困惑The media publish biased stories to ensure many issues are obscured by a fog of ignorance.这家媒体发表有偏见的报道，以确保让许多问题迷惑不清。fog [sth] vtr (fog up: cover with steam)被雾气覆盖；变模糊Their breath had fogged the windows inside the car.他们呼出的热气让车窗起了雾。fog [sth] vtr often passive (photograph: make cloudy) (摄影)使…形成灰雾Using expired developer has fogged all of my photos.使用过期的显影剂让我的所有照片模糊不清。foil [sth] vtr (stop [sb]'s plans)阻止；阻碍；妨碍The bad weather foiled Tom's plans.恶劣的天气妨碍了汤姆的计划。foist [sth] on [sb] vtr + prep (impose)把…强加给Don't foist your problems on me; deal with them yourself!不要把你的问题强加给我，请你自行处理！fold [sth] vtr (crease, double over)折叠；对折Tyler folded the paper into a triangle.泰勒将纸折成三角形。fold [sth] (clothes: fold for storage)折叠；叠起来Matthew folded the clean sheets and put them in the drawer.马修将干净的床单叠好，放进抽屉里。fold [sth] vtr (bird, insect: wings) (鸟)收拢（翅膀），收起（翅膀）The bird landed and folded his wings.那只小鸟着陆了，便收起了翅膀。fold [sth] vtr figurative (bring to a close)使…结束；关闭We're folding the play at the end of the season.本季结束时我们就会结束该剧的演出。fold [sth] down, fold down [sth] vtr + adv (furniture: lower for use)折下On the plane, he folded down the arm rests and fastened his seat belt.fold [sth] flat vtr + adj (collapse [sth] into compact form)对折；折叠fold [sth] in half v expr (fold in two)把...对折Fold the paper in half so that nobody can see what you've written.fold out into [sth] v expr (unfold into [sth] larger)展开为The couch folds out into a bed.fold [sth] over vtr + adv (bend [sth] onto itself)把…折叠起来folio [sth] vtr (printing: number pages)编页码follow [sb/sth] vtr (move behind)跟随；跟着He followed his wife into the house.他跟着妻子进了房子。follow [sth] vtr (proceed along)沿着…行进Follow the road until you reach the post office.沿着这条路走，一直到邮局。follow [sth/sb] vtr (leadership, authority)追随；接受…的指导He follows his heart, wherever it takes him.他跟着自己的心走，随它把自己带到哪里。follow [sth] vtr (obey, do as told)听从；遵照You should follow his advice.你应该听从他的建议。follow [sth] vtr (occur as a result)结果是；接着It follows that reducing interest rates increases inflation.follow [sth] vtr (sequence: come after)跟在…的后面In the Cyrillic Alphabet, B follows A.follow [sth] vtr (result from [sth])随…之后发生；是…的结果Can any good follow this?follow [sth] vtr (watch)关注；注视They followed her every move.follow [sth] vtr (keep up with [sth])关注；关心Do you follow politics?follow [sth/sb] vtr (understand [sth], [sb])理解；懂得；明白Do you follow what I'm saying?follow [sth] vtr (obey: a route, pattern, etc.)遵守，遵从，遵循；仿效，照着…做Alina carefully followed the knitting pattern for the pullover.艾琳娜仔细地照着编织图案织套头毛衣。follow on the heels of [sth] v expr figurative (come after)紧随其后；紧紧跟在…后面They were afraid a large tidal wave would follow on the heels of the earthquake.follow [sb/sth] out vtr + adv (leave closely after [sb/sth])跟随…离开，在…之后离开follow [sth] up by doing [sth], follow up [sth] by doing [sth] v expr (make further communication)对…采取后续行动；进一步沟通John followed up his interview by sending a thank-you note.约翰通过发送一封感谢信来作为对他面试采取的后续行动。follow [sth] up with [sth], follow up [sth] with [sth] v expr (make further communication)用...补充；用...进一步强化The lawyer followed her argument up with evidence.律师用证据进一步强化她的证词。following on from [sth] expr (subsequent to)在…之后，继…之后following on from [sth] expr (as a further development of)作为…的延续foment [sth] vtr figurative (stir up: unrest, etc.)引起, 激起The rebels showed some graphic video footage, hoping to foment an uprising.叛军播放了一些生动的录像片段，希望能煽动人们起义。fond of [sb/sth] adj + prep (feeling affection)喜欢；热爱I'm fond of my dogs: they keep me company when nobody's about.我很喜欢我的狗狗，它们在没人的时候给予我陪伴。fond of doing [sth] adj (activity: enjoy)喜欢做...的；热爱做...的Simon's kids are fond of visiting the zoo.西蒙的孩子很喜欢去动物园。fondle [sth] vtr (touch tenderly)温柔抚摸；抚弄；摩挲Dan fondled his boyfriend's hair lovingly.fondness for [sth] n (liking for [sth])喜爱；爱好；迷恋Dad has a fondness for chocolate and never goes without it.爸爸很喜欢吃巧克力，总是少不了它。a fool for [sth/sb] n ([sb] enthusiastic)…迷，对…狂热的人I am a fool for basketball.我是篮球迷。foot [sth] vtr (walk on, tread)登上；走上On opening night, several actors will foot the stage for the first time.foot [sth] vtr informal (pay: a bill)付钱, 支付The father of the bride will foot the bill for the wedding.footnote [sth] vtr (add footnotes to)加脚注The student footnoted his entire essay as per his professor's request.学生根据教授的要求在全篇文章都加上了脚注。for fear of [sth] expr (being afraid of)生怕；以免She didn't pick up her friend's new baby for fear of dropping it.她不敢抱起她朋友刚生的婴儿，以免弄掉。for lack of [sth] prep (due to not having [sth])因为没有，由于缺乏For lack of anything more interesting to do, the kids did their homework.for the sake of [sb/sth] prep (for the good of)为了；为了…的利益，为了…的好处Some couples stay together for the sake of their children. She gave up smoking for the sake of her health.许多夫妻继续待在一起，是为了孩子。为了她的健康，她戒烟了。许多夫妻继续待在一起，是为了孩子的好处。for the sake of [sth] prep (because of, for)为了；因为The mugger attacked the old man for the sake of a few pounds.为了几英镑，抢劫犯袭击了那名老人。for want of [sth] expr (lacking [sth])缺乏；缺少for [sb]'s/[sth]'s benefit, for the benefit of [sb/sth] expr (to create impression for)为了；为了...好；为了...的利益The celebrity struck a pose for the benefit of the cameras.forage for [sth] vi + prep (search for: food)觅食A squirrel rummaged below the tree, foraging for nuts.foray into [sth] n (venture)尝试Tabitha's foray into the world of writing fiction ended in disaster.泰贝莎进军小说创作领域的尝试以失败告终。forbear to do [sth], forbear from doing [sth] v expr formal (abstain from [sth])克制不做…Please forbear from touching anything.forbid [sth] vtr (prohibit)禁止；不准In 1920, the US passed a law to forbid the production and consumption of alcohol.1920年，美国通过了一项法律，禁止生产和消费酒精。forbid [sb] from doing [sth], forbid [sb] to do [sth] v expr (command against)禁止...做...；不准...做...John's parents forbade him to spend any more time with his troublesome friends.约翰的父母禁止他再跟他那些爱惹麻烦的朋友们厮混。forbid [sth] vtr figurative (make impossible)使…不可能；妨碍；阻挠Temperatures in the Arctic forbid the cultivation of crops.forbidden to do [sth] expr (person: prohibited)被禁止做, 不得做You are forbidden to ever come to this library again.你不得再次进入这个图书馆。forbidden from doing [sth] expr (person: prohibited)被禁止做James was forbidden from going out with his friends until his exams were over.在考试结束前，詹姆斯被禁止和朋友出去。force [sth] vtr (obstacle: overcome)强行打开； (与表示方向的副词或介词连用)用强力克服阻力而促使The police forced the door.警察强行打开了门。force [sb] to do [sth] v expr (compel, oblige)强迫某人做某事His father forced him to take out the rubbish.他爸强迫他把垃圾拿出去丢掉。force yourself to do [sth] v expr (make yourself do [sth])迫使自己做某事To make progress you have to force yourself to practice every day.force [sth] vtr (overcome opposition to)克服阻力促成Through the power of persuasion, we were able to force the issue through.force [sth] apart vtr + adv (prise open)撬开When the elevator was stuck, he had to force the doors apart to get out.force feed [sb/sth], force-feed [sb/sth] vtr (animal, person: feed against their will)强迫...进食；填鸭Her hunger strike was cut short after they force-fed her.他们强迫她进食，导致她的绝食抗议提前中止了。force feed [sb/sth] [sth], force-feed [sb/sth] [sth] vtr (animal, person: force to eat)强迫...吃某物The guards force-fed the prisoner food.守卫们强迫囚犯吃东西。force-feed [sth] to [sb] vtr figurative (impose: [sth] on [sb])将…强行灌输给The regime force-fed propaganda to the people.force [sth] open vtr + adj (open by physical force)强行打开The jar lid was sealed tightly so he had to force it open.force [sb] out of [sth] v expr figurative (compel to leave)迫使...离开，驱逐...离开；迫使...放弃He was forced out of retirement when they cut off his pension.force your way (through/into [sth]) v expr (obtain entry, way: by strength)强行挤入；强行挤进；挤过去The army forced their way into the city.；ford [sth] vtr (cross: a river)趟水过河The pioneers carefully forded the river.拓荒者们小心翼翼地涉水过河。forebode [sth] vtr (be an omen of, presage)预兆；预示forecast [sth] vtr (weather) (天气)预报，预测The weatherman forecast rain all week.气象员预报说整个星期都有雨。forecast [sth] vtr (finance) (经济形势)预测The investor sold off his stocks because an economist forecast a market collapse.因一位经济学家预测市场将崩盘，该投资者抛售了他的股票。forecast [sth] vtr (statistics: future) (统计)预计, 预测, 预报The economist created statistical models that could forecast future market prices with great accuracy.经济学家制作了统计模型，可以精准地预测未来市场的价格。foreclose [sth] vtr (law: repossess) (法律)取消...赎回权The bank foreclosed our house during the recession.经济衰退期间，银行取消了我们房子的赎回权。foreclose [sth] vtr (prevent [sth], make [sth] impossible)阻碍；阻止His actions today have foreclosed any chance the politician had at reelection.foreclose [sth] vtr (settle [sth] in advance)提前解决With this controversial decision, Congress has effectively foreclosed the matter.foredoom [sb/sth] vtr (condemn, fate)命中注定；命运安排forgo [sth], forego [sth] vtr (abstain from, do without)摈弃；抛弃As a new year's resolution, Anthony decided to forgo sugar for a year.安东尼的新年决心是决定在新的一年，摈弃吃糖的习惯。forgo doing [sth], forego doing [sth] v expr (not do)放弃做某事We decided to forgo going to the party because of the bad weather.由于糟糕的天气，我们决定放弃出席聚会。forego [sth/sb] vtr archaic (go before, precede)走在…之前；在…之前；先行于foreground [sth] vtr figurative (make prominent)强调..., 突出...Your application letter should foreground any experience you have had doing similar jobs.你应该在求职信里强调类似的工作经验。foreknow [sth] vtr (know in advance)事先知道；预先知道foreordain [sth] vtr (predetermine)预先安排, 事先决定；命中注定forerun [sth] vtr literary (go before, precede)跑在…之前，领先于forerun [sth] vtr literary (prefigure, foreshadow)预示，预报foresee [sth] vtr (know a future event)预见；预言The psychic claimed to foresee financial success for her client.那位通灵人说预见到了自己客人发财。foreshadow [sth] vtr (presage)预示；预兆Widespread political unrest foreshadowed civil war.普遍的政治动乱预示着内战即将发生。foreshorten [sth] vtr (depict from front in perspective) (线条等)根据透视法缩短forest [sth] vtr (plant and grow trees)在…植树造林Johnny Appleseed is said to have forested Ohio in apple trees.forestall [sth] vtr (prevent, thwart)预先阻止；提前阻止The government was able to forestall the terrorist attack using intelligence gathered by spies.政府能够利用间谍收集的情报来提前阻止恐怖袭击。foretaste [sth] vtr (have advance experience of)预先体验...foretell [sth] vtr (predict)预示；预言There was no way we could have foretold what would happen.我们不可能预知将会发生什么。forewarn [sb] of [sth] vtr + prep (notify in advance)警告；预先告诫It's important to forewarn children of the dangers of talking to strangers.forfeit [sth] vtr (lose legally)被正式剥夺；丧失By marrying a divorcee, the king forfeited his right to the throne.因为跟一个离过婚的女人结婚，国王丧失了王权。forfeit [sth] vtr (give up)放弃；失去Tom decided to forfeit the race when he twisted his ankle rather than risking further injury.汤姆扭伤了脚踝，决定放弃比赛，以免受到更大的伤害。forge [sth] vtr (shape, create)打造；锻造The blacksmith forged a horseshoe.铁匠打造了一副马蹄铁。forge [sth] vtr (counterfeit) (签名)伪造Jack forged his mom's signature and got in trouble.杰克伪造了他妈妈的签名，惹上了麻烦。forge [sth] vtr figurative (shape)塑造Emily is forging a new future for herself.forge [sth] vtr (create)形成It is important to forge bonds with those around you.forget [sth] vtr (not remember [sth])不记得；忘记Sorry, I've forgotten your name.抱歉，我把你的名字搞忘了。forget to do [sth] vtr (not remember to act)忘记；遗忘I forgot to wash the clothes.我忘记洗衣服了。forgetful of [sth] adj (neglectful)疏忽的；不上心的Don't be forgetful of your grandmother's needs.千万不要对你祖母的需要不上心。forgive [sth] vtr (debt) (债务)免除, 免去The lender will forgive the debt.fork [sth] vtr (attack 2 chess pieces) (国际象棋)用一枚棋子同时攻击（两枚棋子）The chess player forked the king and queen with a knight.forklift [sth], fork-lift vtr (move by forklift)用叉车装卸；用铲车装运Forklift that freight to the back of the warehouse.用叉车把货物运到仓库后面去。form of [sth] n (type, kind)某种形式的东西Imitation is a form of flattery.模仿是奉承的一种形式。form [sth] vtr (make, create)建造；制造；塑造；构造He formed a ladder out of bits of old wood.他用一些旧木料造了一架梯子。form [sth] vtr (construct)建造；构成；构造You form the plural by adding an "s."往名词后面加“s”，就能构成复数。form [sth] vtr (mold, shape)塑造...Form a ball out of clay, then flatten it with the palm of your hand.用黏土塑造一颗球，然后再用手掌压平它。form [sth] vtr (organize)组成；组织They formed a union.form [sth] vtr (constitute)组成；构成Sugar forms one of the main ingredients of soft drinks.form [sth] vtr (idea: develop) (观点)产生, 形成She formed the opinion that he was a liar.form [sth] vtr (friendship)建立；培养He formed many friendships during those years.form [sth] into [sth] vtr (mold, shape)塑造；使成型She formed the clay into the shape of a bird.她把粘土捏成一只鸟的形状。form a part of [sth] v expr (be a component)构成…的一部分Our solar system forms part of a galaxy we call the Milky Way.formalize [sth] (US), formalise [sth] (UK) vtr (make [sth] official)正式化We can begin as soon as we formalize the arrangement on paper.正式在书面上订下协议后，我们就可以马上开始了。formalize [sth] (US), formalise [sth] (UK) vtr (give [sth] a definite shape)使...成形；敲定format [sth] vtr (computers: disk) (计算机)格式化Paul formatted the hard drive of his computer before giving it to his son.保罗把电脑的硬盘格式化后交给了他的儿子。format [sth] vtr (arrange)安排；设计Jane had to teach the writing students how to format a cover letter.简需要指导学习写作的学生如何来设计求职信。formed by [sth] adj + prep (created: by process, etc.)由...形成；由...组成formed of [sth] adj + prep (comprising, composed of)由…构成的；由…组成的His latest book is formed of parts of his previous books.formulate [sth] vtr (develop)设想, 构思；规划, 开发Researchers have formulated a new treatment for the disease.研究人员已开发出一种治疗该疾病的新方法。formulate [sth] vtr (idea: express)明确表达；阐述Try to formulate your thoughts so children can understand them.试着明确表达你的想法，这样孩子们才能理解。formulate [sth] vtr (substance: prepare)配制Pharmacists used to formulate such medicines on the spot.药剂师过去常常是当场配制出该类药物。forsake [sb/sth] vtr literary (abandon)抛弃；放弃The soldier decided to forsake his responsibilities to his country and deserted.那位士兵决定抛弃自己的国家的职责，叛逃离开。forsake [sth] vtr literary (give up)戒掉；戒除The alcoholic swore to forsake his addiction.那个酒鬼发誓也戒掉酒瘾。forswear [sth] vtr formal (renounce)放弃；摒弃Robert is a staunchly religious man who would never forswear his beliefs.fortified with [sth] adj + prep (with added nutrients)强化的；加强的This breakfast cereal is fortified with vitamin D.fortify [sth] vtr (make secure, strengthen)增强；强化The castle was fortified with the addition of battlements.这座城堡增加城垛来加固。fortify [sth] vtr (reinforce, strengthen)增强The installation of another anti-virus program fortified the security of our computer system.fortify [sth] vtr (make more alcoholic)添加酒精；增加...浓度Fred fortified the bottle of wine and served each guest a glass.弗雷德提高一瓶酒的浓度并给每位客人都倒上了一杯。fortify [sth] vtr (add nutrient to: food) (食物)提高...营养价值The company fortifies all its cereals with vitamins and minerals.这家公司在所有的谷类食物中添加维生素和矿物质。forward [sth] vtr (transmit)发送；转发Click on this arrow to forward the email.点击箭头即可转发邮件。forward [sth] to [sb], forward [sb] [sth] vtr + prep (transmit, retransmit [sth] to [sb])将…转发给Let me forward this email to you.我来把这封邮件转发给你。forward [sth] vtr (mail, letter: send on)转发；转寄The flat's new tenant was kind enough to forward my mail.公寓新租客很热心，转寄了我的邮件。forward [sth] to [sb], forward [sb] [sth] vtr + prep (mail, letter: send on to [sb])向...转发；向...发送The woman living in my old apartment forwarded all my mail to me.现在住在我旧公寓里的女士把我所有的邮件都转寄给我了。forward of [sth] adj + prep (in front)在…的前面，在…的前部The crew cabin is forward of the galley.船员舱位于游艇前部。forward [sth] vtr (transmit, retransmit [sth])转发，转交I'll forward the information that you asked for.我会把你要求的信息转发给你。forward [sth] vtr (promote)推动；促进…发展He's only interested in forwarding his career.fossilize [sth], also UK: fossilise [sth] vtr (preserve [sth] in mineral form)使…成为化石foster [sth] vtr (promote)促进；培养The idea was intended to foster better relations between them.这么做的原意是要促成他们之间更为良好的关系。foster [sth] vtr figurative (encourage: an attitude)鼓励；助长；促进It's important to foster independence in your child.鼓励孩子独立自主很重要。foster [sth] vtr figurative (feeling: cherish) (希望、渴望等)心怀，抱有He fostered hopes of returning to his homeland.他抱有回归祖国的希望。foul [sth] vtr UK (dog: soil) (狗等动物)在...上排泄粪便It is an offence to let your dog foul the pavement.foul [sth] vtr (soil by defecating) (屎尿)弄脏The nurse saw that her patient had fouled his bed.found [sth] vtr (set up, establish)建立；创建The city was founded centuries ago.这个城市建立于很多个世纪以前。found [sth] on [sth], found [sth] in [sth] vtr (base a theory)把...建立在...基础上The scientist founded his theory on the work of his mentor.found [sth] vtr (metal: cast) (金属)铸造，浇铸The metal is founded in the furnace.金属是在熔炉里铸造的。founded on [sth] prep (based on)基于fracture [sth] vtr (break, split)破坏, 使分裂The impact of the crash fractured Robin's arm.车祸导致罗宾的手臂骨折。fragment [sth] vtr (break into pieces)分割The force of the impact fragmented the stone floor.frame [sth] vtr (photo: put in frame) (照片)给…装镜框，将…放入镜框Let's frame this photo and put it on the wall.我们来把这张照片放进镜框，挂到墙上。frame [sth] vtr (apply a border)给…设框；把…框住I would like to frame the orchard with rows of daffodils.我想用一排排的水仙花把果园围起来。frame [sb] for [sth] vtr slang (trick, incriminate)设圈套陷害；构陷…有（罪）Hall claimed that his former business partner had framed him for the crime.霍尔称之前的商业合伙人诬陷自己犯罪。frame [sth] vtr often passive (surround)框住；作为…的背景The view of the town was framed by the mountains.frame [sth] vtr figurative (express in words)表达；阐释Can you frame that concept in a more positive light?frame [sth] vtr (structure: put together) (建筑)搭起…的构架First, they framed the structure; then they built the walls.frame [sth] vtr US (fit into a space)把…框入Frame that sideboard into this alcove please.frame [sth] vtr figurative (depict, portray)描述；勾勒be framed for [sth] v expr figurative, slang (be falsely incriminated)被诬陷做某事The woman was framed for the robbery.franchise [sth] vtr (grant a franchise)授予…的特许经销权The fitness instructor franchised her exercise classes to gyms across the country.那位健身教练向全国的健身房授予了自己训练课程的特许经销权。frank [sth] vtr (post, mail: stamp)给...盖免费邮戳；盖邮戳The office assistant franked the outgoing post.办公室助理给所有要寄的信封都盖了邮戳。fraught with [sth] adj (full of)充满…的The project has been fraught with delays and cost overruns.这个项目充满了延误和成本超支。fray [sth] vtr (make ragged)使磨损The constant rubbing was fraying the edge of the fabric.fray [sth] vtr figurative (nerves, temper: strain)紧张This stress is fraying my nerves.free to do [sth] expr (at liberty)有做某事的自由；做某事的权利The citizens were not free to criticize the government.公民没有批评政府的自由。free [sb/sth] vtr (release, liberate [sb], [sth])解放；释放；使自由Slaves were freed in 1865 in the USA.美国1865年解放了奴隶。free [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep figurative (exempt [sb] from duty)使…免除；让…免于做Household appliances have freed us from many of the time-consuming chores our grandparents had to do.家用电器让我们免于做那些我们祖父母辈不得不做的耗时家务。free to do [sth] adj (person: available to do [sth]) (人)有时间做，有空做Sandra said that she would be free to help us tomorrow.桑德拉说她明天有时间来帮我们。free for [sth] adj + prep (person: available for [sth]) (人)有空…的，有时间…的I'm free for coffee tomorrow morning if you fancy meeting up.如果你想要见面的话，我明天早上有空一起喝杯咖啡。free of [sth], free from [sth] adj + prep (without)免于…的；没有…的Your life will be free from stress.I try to use personal care products that are free of artificial scents.free [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep (exempt)解除某人的某种责任；免于某人做某事His hearing problem freed him from military service.他的听力障碍让他免于服兵役。free [sb] of [sth] vtr + prep (relieve of)使某人摆脱某事；免于某人做某事Buying online will free you of the need to go to the shops.在线购物可免于您亲自去商店的麻烦。free [sb/sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (disengage)将...从...中解开；将...从...松开He couldn't free the fishing line from the weeds.他没法将鱼线从水草的缠绕中解开。free of [sth], free from [sth] expr (not containing)不含…的I try to use personal care products that are free of artificial scents.free yourself from [sth/sb] vtr (reject, throw off)使自己摆脱；挣脱freecycle [sth], free-cycle [sth] vtr (recycle by giving away)将...免费提供给别人以循环再利用freeze [sth] vtr (turn [sth] solid)使凝固；使冻住The scientist froze methane for an experiment.科学家把甲烷冷冻起来做实验。freeze [sth] vtr (preserve by freezing)冷冻储存；冷藏Susan froze the extra vegetables from her garden.freeze [sth] vtr figurative (prevent change)冻结；使不变The government froze interest rates to prevent a market collapse.为了预防市场崩溃，政府冻结了利率。freeze [sth] vtr (fix, keep [sth] in place)使…不动；使…定住freeze-dry [sth] vtr (freeze rapidly, then dry)冻干freight [sth] vtr (send by freight) (运输货物)货运The company freighted the goods to New York.那家公司将货物运到了纽约。French [sth], french [sth] vtr mainly US (culinary: cut into slivers) (烹饪)把…切成条状It is a good idea to French the beans before cooking them.French [sth], french [sth] vtr mainly US (culinary: separate meat from bone)将肉从骨头上剔下来You can usually buy the lamb already Frenched.French polish [sth] vtr (treat furniture with French polish)对...进行法式抛光；给...上法式漆frequent [sth] vtr (visit often)经常光顾；是…的常客I frequented that café when I lived in London.居住在伦敦的时候，我经常光顾那家咖啡厅。fresco [sth] vtr Italian (paint into plaster)在湿壁上作画；作湿壁画于The painter frescoed the ceiling of the church.画家在教堂的天花板上创作壁画。freshen [sth] vtr (make fresh)使…新鲜Please allow me to freshen your drink.请允许我为您续杯。fret [sth] vtr (erode)侵蚀The water fretted the river banks until they became a canyon.fret [sth] vtr (corrode)腐蚀The acid frets the steel.frighten [sb/sth] vtr (scare [sb], [sth])吓到；吓怕You frightened me, jumping out of nowhere like that! Her hoots of laughter frightened the cat.你就那样突然出现，吓了我一跳！她的一阵阵笑声吓到了那只猫。frighten [sb] into doing [sth] vtr (intimidate [sb])威胁某人做某事；恐吓某人做某事They were trying to frighten the witness into keeping silent.他们企图威胁那个证人保持沉默。frighten [sb/sth] away, frighten away [sb/sth] vtr + adv literal (cause [sb/sth] to run away)把…吓跑，把…吓走frighten [sb/sth] away, frighten away [sb/sth] vtr + adv (deter, discourage)使…灰心，使…丧气The new translator hasn't responded to the feedback I gave her; I'm worried I've frightened her away.be frightened of [sb/sth] v expr (be scared of)害怕...的，对...感到恐惧的It's quite common to be frightened of spiders.害怕蜘蛛很常见。the fringes of [sth], [sth]'s fringes npl figurative (edge, outside mainstream)边缘；社会边缘The fringes of popular culture are where the most interesting art is made.流行文化的边缘地带正是最有趣艺术的诞生之地。fringed by [sth] adj + prep (bordered, surrounded)环绕的；以…为边界的The cabin was fringed by thick forest on all sides.小屋四周环绕着茂密的森林。fritter [sth] vtr (money: waste) (金钱)浪费；挥霍Max just fritters his money on frivolous things.麦克斯只把钱挥霍在无用的事情上。fritter [sth] vtr (time: waste, spend idly) (时间)浪费；虚度Don't fritter your precious time; do something productive.不要浪费宝贵的时间。去做一些有成效的事情。front [sth] vtr (lead a performing group) (乐队)担任…的主唱；担任...的领奏John Lennon fronted the Beatles.front load [sth] vtr (fill from front)从前方装载front load [sth] vtr (put [sth] in front)将...装在前方；将...放在前面front load [sth] vtr (make fees applicable at beginning)提前确定...的费用；提前确定...的成本；提前缴纳...的费用front load [sth] vtr (use maximum effort at beginning)一开始就为...投入充分努力frost [sth] vtr mainly US (cake: add icing) (蛋糕)给…上糖霜Tom frosted the cake just before he served it to his guests.把蛋糕端到客人们面前之前，汤姆给它上了糖霜。frost [sth] vtr often passive (glass: make opaque)对...进行蒙砂处理The glass for the bathroom window has been frosted for greater privacy.frostbite [sth] vtr (injure by extreme cold)冻伤The sub zero temperatures frostbit Nick's nose.frozen in [sth] expr (not moving due to fear, shock) (因害怕、震惊)因...呆住了The boy's face was frozen in fear.小男孩的脸因害怕而呆住了。the fruit of [sth] n figurative (progeny)结果；产物That child is the fruit of her extra-marital affair.那个孩子是他婚外情的产物。the fruits of [sth], the fruit of [sth] n figurative (result of an effort) (比喻)成果；结果；果实；结晶After years of work, the fruits of his labour began to show.工作多年后，他的劳动果实终于开始显现。frustrate [sth] vtr (thwart)反对, 阻挠；使受挫折, 挫败The mountain seems to frustrate all attempts to climb it.这座山似乎令有志攀登它的所有人屡屡受挫。fry [sth] vtr (cook)煎；炒；炸Kelsey fried the potatoes until they were golden.凯斯丽将土豆煎至金黄色。FTP [sth] vtr initialism (send using FTP)以文件传输协议传输f*** [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep vulgar, offensive, slang (insert [sth] into an orifice)用（手、工具等）来操某人Julie likes her boyfriend to f*** her with a vibrator.朱莉喜欢男朋友用振动器操她。f*** [sb] out of [sth] vtr figurative, vulgar, offensive, slang (defraud)从…处骗走He f***ed me out of a hundred dollars.他从我这里骗走了一百美元。f*** [sth] up for [sb] v expr vulgar, offensive, slang (spoil)把…的…毁掉Bob felt bad about f***ing the holiday up for everyone else by becoming ill.鲍勃为自己生病而把其他所有人的假期都毁掉了一事感到抱歉。fudge [sth] vtr slang (fake, cheat)捏造；假造；制造赝品The accountant was arrested for fudging the numbers at work and stealing money from the company.这个会计因做账时伪造数额以及盗取公司钱财而被捕。fudge [sth] vtr slang (do clumsily)敷衍完成；粗制滥造Tim hadn't done the research for his essay, so he fudged it.蒂姆之前没有为他的论文做任何研究，所以他敷衍完成了论文。fuel [sth] vtr (add energy to)给…添加能量John fueled the fire with some more charcoal.约翰加了些木炭，让火烧得更旺。fuel [sth] vtr (supply with fuel)给...提供燃料；供能It costs more to fuel a car with diesel than with petrol.汽车烧汽油比用柴油便宜。fuel [sth] vtr figurative (argument, debate) (争吵、争论)火上浇油，推波助澜，激化Financial problems fueled the argument between Mary and Kyle.财务问题激化了玛丽和凯尔之间的争吵。fuel [sth] vtr figurative (give steady source)为…提供稳定的援助或支持；保持…进行下去Sunlight fuels almost all life on earth.阳光为几乎地球上所有生命提供了养料。fulfill [sth] (US), fulfil [sth] (UK) vtr (meet: an obligation) (义务)履行You will be paid when you've fulfilled your contractual obligations.你将在履行合同所规定的义务后得到报酬。fulfill [sth] (US), fulfil [sth] (UK) vtr (keep: a promise) (承诺)实现，履行He eventually fulfilled his promise and paid back the money.他最终履行了诺言，偿还了那笔钱。fulfill [sth] (US), fulfil [sth] (UK) vtr (fill, satisfy: a need) (需求)满足This room should fulfill your needs but let us know if it doesn't.这间房子应该能满足你的需求了，如若不能，还请告知我们。fulfill [sth] (US), fulfil [sth] (UK) vtr (satisfy: a dream, wish) (梦想、愿望等)实现It took Lana years to fulfil her dreams of becoming a full-time novelist.拉娜花了数年时间才实现成为一名全职小说家的梦想。fulfill the terms of [sth] (US), fulfil the terms of [sth] (UK) v expr (comply with conditions)履行…条款；遵守…条件If you fail to fulfill the terms of the contract, you may be sued for breach of contract.be full of [sth] v expr (be filled with)充满…的I can't eat this breakfast cereal: it's full of nuts.因为这份早餐麦片里充满了坚果，所以我不能吃它。be full of [sth] v expr (contain many or much)充满；装满I am full of enthusiasm for this project.我对这个项目充满热情。full [sth] vtr (textiles: clean and thicken) (布料)使…更紧实更重备注: 通过缩水、捶打或熨烫Fulling the woollen fabric makes it thicker.fulminate against [sth/sb] vi + prep (denounce, criticize strongly)强烈斥责；严厉谴责；愤怒驳斥fulminate [sth] vtr (say angrily)怒斥...fumble for [sth] vi + prep (rummage)搜寻；翻找I fumbled in my bag for my car keys.我在包里翻找自己的车钥匙。fumble to do [sth] v expr (rummage)搜寻着去；翻找着去She fumbled to find a pen among all the junk in her handbag.她在手提包里的杂物中翻找一支笔。fumble with [sth] vi + prep (handle clumsily)摸索着行进；笨拙地处理Neil fumbled with his keys and almost dropped them.尼尔笨拙地摸他的钥匙，险些弄掉它们。fumble for [sth] vi + prep figurative (struggle to say [sth])结结巴巴地说, 费劲地说, 笨嘴笨舌地说She asked if I needed anything else and I fumbled for the right words.她问我还需要什么，我结结巴巴地说出了正确的话。fumble [sth] vtr (sport: drop ball) (体育运动)接球失误, 没有接到, 漏接The receiver fumbled the ball and the other team picked it up.接球手没接住球，另一队捡到了球。fumigate [sth] vtr (smoke out)烟熏；熏蒸We have to stay at a hotel while the pest control company fumigates our apartment.害虫防治公司为我们的公寓烟熏消毒时，我们不得不住在旅馆里。function as [sth] vtr (perform the role of)起...的作用I was the oldest of the 12 children so when our parents died I had to function as the head of the family.fund [sth] vtr (provide money for)为…提供资金The special interest group funded the politician's campaign.那个特殊利益集团资助了这位政治家的竞选活动。funnel [sth] vtr (pour through a funnel)使通过漏斗；使经过烟囱Paul funneled the used cooking oil into a plastic bottle.保罗把用过的油通过漏斗灌进了一个塑料瓶里。funnel [sth] through [sth] vtr + prep (pour through [sth] narrow)使…通过狭窄的（管道等）The mechanic funneled the dirty oil through a hose.机械工人把脏油通过管道排了出去。funnel [sth] vtr figurative (channel)使集中；使汇集The farmer funneled the sheep into the enclosure.农场主把羊聚集在一个羊圈里。funnel [sth] through [sth] vtr + prep figurative (channel)通过（某种渠道）输送He funneled his ill-gotten gains through his wife's business account.他通过他妻子的公司账户转运他的非法所得。funnel into [sth] vi + prep (be channelled into)投入；加入furbish [sth] vtr (freshen the appearance of)磨光；擦亮；更新Our new office looks great now that the company has furbished it.公司翻修了我们的新办公室，现在看起来很好。furl [sth] vtr (roll up)将…卷起；收拢The sailor docked the sailboat, furled the sails, and disembarked.水手将帆船靠岸，卷起帆并下了船。furnace [sth] vtr (heat in a furnace)在火炉中加热furnish [sth] vtr (a house)装修；装饰Ron furnished his house with new carpets.罗恩用地毯装饰自己的房子。furnish [sth] vtr (provision)供应；提供The defense furnished evidence that confirmed the defendant's alibi.辨方提供了证据，确认了被告人的不在场证明。furnish [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (provide with)给...提供；为...装备NATO furnished the rebels with supplies and weapons.北约组织给那些造反者提供了物资和武器。further [sth] vtr (promote, advance)促进；推动；助长She's dedicated to furthering the cause of the homeless.她致力于推进照顾无家可归者的事业。further to [sth] adv + prep UK (following on from)关于，就某事；根据Further to your enquiry, I can confirm that tickets are still available.就您的问题，我可以确认，票尚未售空。the far reaches of [sth], the furthest reaches of [sth], also US: the farthest reaches of [sth] npl (most distant part)...的最远端[sth]'s far reaches, [sth]'s furthest reaches, also US: [sth]'s farthest reaches npl (most distant part)...的最远端As a wildlife photographer, Jack has travelled to the earth's furthest reaches.fuse [sth] vtr (melt together)熔合The jeweller fused the two pieces of silver.珠宝制作人把两块银子熔合在了一起。fuse [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (melt together)把...和...熔合在一起The machine fused the plastic wrap to the container.机器把塑料包装跟盒子熔合在了一起。fuse [sth], fuse [sth] and [sth], fuse [sth] with [sth] vtr (join)融和；结合This film fuses horror and humour to provide both frights and laughs.这部电影结合了恐怖和幽默，这样既有恐惧又有欢笑。fuse [sth] vtr (electrical device: make it stop working)使…因保险丝烧断而中断工作fusillade [sb/sth] vtr (attack with gunfire) (枪炮)对…连射，炮火启发地攻击The soldiers fusilladed the bunker before advancing.future-proof [sth] vtr (protect from obsolescence)防止...过时fuze [sth] vtr rare (install a fuse)给...装保险丝gag on [sth] vi + prep (retch while trying to swallow)某物让某人作呕；某物让某人干呕Jim always gags on pills when he has to take them.不得已要吃药的时候，药片总是让吉姆作呕。be gagging for [sth] v expr UK, informal (want [sth] very much)强烈渴望...，急切想要...，迫不及待要…Shall we go to the pub? I'm gagging for a pint.我们去酒吧成不？我已经迫不及待要喝一杯了。gain [sth] vtr (acquire [sth] new)获得；取得The citizens gained the right to send their kids to a different school.公民们获得了把子女送到另一所学校的权利。gain [sth] vtr (acquire extra of)增加；新增；新获得He gained five new customers last month.上个月，他新增了五位客户。gain [sth] vtr US (weight: put on) (体重)增长, 增加I have gained six pounds over the holidays.我的体重在假期里增加了六磅。gain [sth] vtr (clock: speed up by) (钟表)走快The clock gains a second every hour.gain in [sth] vi + prep (increase, improve)增加；增长The politician gained in popularity each week.The patient is gaining in health every day.那位政客的支持率每周都在增加。// 病人的健康每天都在改善。gain [sth] vtr (arrive at)到；到达By three o'clock, the army had gained the city walls.gain [sth] vtr (victory: obtain)获胜；赢得The athlete has now gained three world titles.这名运动员现已获得三个世界冠军。gain [sth] vtr (bring onto your side)获得；争取到The candidate has gained a lot of supporters.那名候选人争取到了很多支持者。gain access to [sth] v expr (get permission to go to a place)可进入；可拜访gain access to [sth] v expr (be allowed to access information, etc.)获得访问权限gain an understanding of [sth] v expr (learn about)了解；弄清楚After playing he began to gain an understanding of the game.gainsay [sth] vtr (contradict, deny)反驳；反对Nobody in the company has the courage to gainsay the CEO.公司里没有人敢反驳这位首席执行官。galaxy of [sth] n figurative (impressive array) (出色、杰出或著名的人)一群；一批There's a whole galaxy of options available.有许多出众人选可供选择。galvanize [sth], also UK: galvanise [sth] vtr often passive (metal: cover with plating)给...镀锌This pipe has been galvanized, so it's ideal for our project.这条管道经过了镀锌处理，使我们项目的理想选择。galvanize [sb] to do [sth], also UK: galvanise [sb] to do [sth] v expr figurative (spur to take action)刺激某人做某事；激励某人做某事Her coworkers' enthusiasm galvanized Nora to finish the project.galvanize [sb] into [sth], also UK: galvanise [sb] into [sth] v expr figurative (spur into taking action)刺激某人做某事；激励某人做某事The teacher's speech galvanized the students into improving on their work significantly.老师的言辞激励了学生，让他们作业获得了大幅度的提高。gamble on [sth] vi + prep (place bets on)在…上打赌；在…上冒险；在…上投机Alan is addicted to the thrill he gets from gambling on the throw of a dice.艾伦沉溺于投骰子打赌所带来的紧张刺激感中。gamble [sth] vtr (wager in a game of chance)赌；赌掉The woman gambled her life savings in the casino and lost everything.那个女人用毕生积蓄来做赌注，然后血本无归。gamble [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (bet or risk [sth] on)将...赌在...上Ed gambled his car on a poker game and lost.艾德将自己的车赌在牌桌上，然后输掉了它。gamble on [sth] vi + prep figurative (take a chance on)在…上碰运气I'd like to get to the station at least thirty minutes early; I don't want to gamble on the train being late.When you gamble on the weather you don't always win.我想要至少提前三十分钟到车站，我不想碰火车晚点的运气。// 如果你想在天气上碰运气，你往往不会赢。gamble with [sth] vi + prep figurative (take risks) (金融)拿…来投机，用…来冒险Hughes accused the government of allowing bankers to gamble with people's futures.休斯指责政府允许银行家拿人民的未来来投机。gamble [sth] away vtr + adv (lose through gambling)输掉；赌掉He has gambled away next month's rent money.game of [sth] n (sport, game: session, match)比赛；赛事The children are playing a game of hide-and-seek.My brother has never lost a game of chess.game for [sth] adj + prep informal (willing to do [sth])愿意做；情愿做Julia's always game for a challenge.茱莉亚总是愿意接受挑战。game [sth] vtr (unfairly manipulate)玩转；玩花样Bob was gaming the tax system to avoid paying his fair share.gamify [sth] vtr (turn activity into game)游戏化；使...趣味化gangrene [sth] vtr (make gangrenous)使…生坏疽gap [sth] vtr (make a breach in)使有裂口；使有豁口You have to gap the sheet metal so that the pipe will fit into it.你必须在金属片上开道缝，这样管子才能插进去。gap [sth] vtr technical (set spark plug aperture) (火花塞)设定...间隙If you don't gap the spark plugs properly, the car engine will misfire.gape at [sth/sb] vi + prep (stare open-mouthed at)目瞪口呆地凝视The children gaped at the dog balancing on top of a ball.The students gaped at the teacher when she used a curse word.garage [sth] vtr often passive (keep vehicle in)把...送入车库Brian garaged his motorcycle over the winter.整个冬季，布莱恩都把摩托车停在车库里。garbed in [sth] adj + prep literary (wearing)穿着…的garble [sth] vtr (scramble: a signal)使…含糊不清The poor connection garbled your voice so much that I couldn't understand a word you were saying.网络连接不好，你的声音模糊不清，我一个字都没听懂。garble [sth] vtr (jumble: speech)使...混乱；错乱The witness was so shaken up that he unintentionally garbled his entire account.证人被吓坏了，无意间将整段叙述都弄错了。garden [sth] vtr (cultivate flowers)种花；培育花He gardens only roses.他只种玫瑰。garden [sth] vtr (cultivate vegetables) (蔬菜和作物等)种植；培育You may garden root crops and lettuce.garland [sb/sth] vtr (place wreath on)给...戴花环The woman garlanded the winners with flowers after the race.garner [sth] vtr (earn, gather)获得；挣得She garnered praise from all her colleagues for working so hard. When you can garner enough support, put the idea forward.她工作非常努力，得到了所有同事的赞扬。当你能获得足够的支持，不妨将想法提出来。garnish [sth] vtr (food, dish: decorate)给…加上饰菜The chef garnished the dish.厨师为这道菜加了配菜。garnish [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep figurative (food, dish: decorate)装饰, 修饰Brian garnished the cod fillet with a sprig of parsley.布莱恩用一小枝欧芹来点缀鳕鱼片。garnish [sth] vtr (money, wages) (债务人的财产、工资)扣押；扣发The court garnished Peter's wages to pay for his child support.法院扣押彼得的工资来支付他子女的抚养费。garrison [sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (station troops somewhere)派...驻守；派部队驻防The field marshal garrisoned his troops in and around this city.gas [sth] vtr (singe fibers)用气体处理；用气体熨烫Fred gassed the fibers off the cloth.gash [sth/sb] vtr (cut deeply) (深深地)切开，划开，割开The thieves gashed him on the face and hands.gasp [sth] vtr (say breathlessly)上气不接下气地说；喘着气说Sarah was weak from her illness, but she managed to gasp her last wishes to her son.莎拉病得很虚弱，但她仍喘着气把她最后的愿望告诉了她的儿子。be gasping for [sth] vi + prep figurative (want, need urgently)迫切需要；非常想要备注: Used in the continuousI'm gasping for a cup of tea!gate [sth] vtr (electronics: control with gate)用门电路来对…进行控制gate [sth] vtr (electronics: select parts of wave signal) (根据波幅或频率)用门电路来选择gatecrash [sth] vtr informal, figurative (attend uninvited) (非正式用语，比喻)不请自来, 做不速之客gateway to [sth] n figurative (to success, etc)通向...的途径；方法；通往...的成功之道Kelly considered higher education to be a gateway to a better life.凯利认为高等教育是通向更好生活的途径。gateway to [sth] n figurative (geography)门户, 门径, 关口, 通道St. Louis is the gateway to the west.圣路易斯是通往西部的门户。gather [sth] vtr (collect)搜集；采集She gathered some shells as souvenirs of the vacation.她收集了一些贝壳作为度假纪念品。gather [sth] vtr (accumulate)使聚集，使聚拢，使集中We gathered the leaves in piles.我们把树叶集中起来堆成堆。gather [sth] vtr (information: collate) (信息、消息)收集；搜集Intelligence agencies are gathering more and more information on our online activities.情报机构正在收集越来越多的关于我们网络活动的信息。gather [sth] vtr (fruit, flowers: pick) (花、水果等)采，采摘I gathered a few wild strawberries to eat.我采了几个野草莓来吃。gather [sth] vtr (crops: harvest) (农作物)收获，收割，采收，收They gathered the potatoes by hand.他们用手采收土豆。gather [sth] vtr (understand)猜想，推测，得出…印象I gather you're not interested in going out tonight.我猜你今晚没兴趣出去。gather [sb/sth] vtr (assemble)集合；召集；使聚拢Gather the people together so we can begin the musical program.把大家集合起来，我们好开始音乐节目。gather [sth] vtr often passive (fabric: pull together)使（衣物等）打褶裥She gathered the fabric at the waistband.她对那块布料进行了收腰处理。gather [sth] in vtr + adv (collect)收获；收割The farmers were busy gathering in the sheaves.gather [sth] together vtr + adv (make a collection)把…凑在一起；把…集合起来gather [sth] up vtr + adv (collect)收集到一起；汇总；聚拢Gather up all the toys and put them in their correct place.gather up courage to do [sth], gather up the courage to do [sth], gather the courage to do [sth] v expr (be brave enough to do [sth])鼓起勇气做某事Jane is gathering up the courage to ask her boss for a pay rise.gauge [sth], gage [sth] vtr (measure)测；量The thermometer gauged the temperature of the engine.温度计测出了引擎的温度。gauge [sth], gage [sth] vtr (estimate)估计；判断Ron tried to gauge the distance to the trees.罗恩试着估算到树林的距离。gauge [sth], gage [sth] vtr (mortar: mix)配制；混合The worker gauged the lime mortar with cement.工人将石灰浆和水泥混合到一起。gawk at [sb/sth] vi + prep (stare, gawp at)呆呆地看Sarah's friends gawked at her when she arrived at the party wearing a cow costume.gaze at [sb/sth] vi + prep (look intently at)凝视着We lay on our backs and gazed at the stars.我们一个大字地躺下，凝视着星星。gazette [sth] vtr UK, usually passive (publish in official directory)公告..., 公布...gear [sth] toward [sth/sb], gear [sth] towards [sth/sb] vtr + prep (aim at)使…适应，使…适合，使…针对，使…面向The TV company geared the show toward teenage girls.电视公司这档节目面向的是十多岁少女。gear [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep figurative (make suitable for)使…适合You need to gear these advertisements to a younger demographic.你得让这些广告适合更年轻的人群。gear [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep often passive (fit, equip)给…装配，给…装备The new car was geared with a turbocharged engine.新车装配有涡轮增压发动机。gear up to do [sth] v expr figurative, informal (mentally: get ready)做好心理准备做某事Palmer is gearing up to play in the Denver Broncos' season opener vs. the Indianapolis Colts.帕尔默正在做好心理准备去参加丹佛野马队对战印第安纳波利斯小马队的赛季首场。be geared toward [sth/sb], be geared towards [sth/sb] v expr (intended for)针对；面向The 10k run/walk is geared toward all levels of ability, from professional marathoners to moms with strollers.gel [sth], US: jell [sth] vtr (cause to congeal)使凝固Cold weather can gel diesel fuel and cause the engine to malfunction.gel [sth], jell [sth] vtr US, figurative (cause to become cohesive)使…成为整体Talking things over with others can help to gel your ideas.gel [sth] vtr (apply gel to hair)喷发胶Mark gels his hair every morning before going to school.geld, castrate [sth] vtr (castrate: a horse)将…阉割I grew up on a ranch, and I was very young when my father taught me how to geld a horse.gen [sb] up on [sth] v expr UK, informal (brief [sb] about [sth])帮助某人了解；帮助某人补习gender [sth/sb] vtr (classify according to gender)按性别归类There are some qualities that have traditionally been gendered as masculine and others that have been gendered as feminine.generalize about [sth], also UK: generalise about [sth] vi + prep (be unspecific)笼统地表达；概括性表述Sam would only generalize about the situation; he gave no specific details.generate [sth] vtr (produce: energy) (能量（热，电，光等）)产生，发出Tim cranked the generator to generate electricity.蒂姆打开了发电机发电。generate [sth] vtr (create)生成The program generated random numbers.程序生成随机的数字。generate [sth] vtr (produce chemically) (通过化学作用)生成，产生The bacteria generated alcohol in the sealed cask.gentle [sth] vtr (animal: calm, tame) (动物)使驯服，驯养The trainer gentled the horse.驯马人驯服了那匹马。gentrify [sth] vtr (area: make more upmarket) (指地区、区域)使…贵族化, 使…更有品位Foreign investment has begun to gentrify this historically middle-class neighborhood.外国投资开始使这个历史悠久的中产阶级社区变得更具品味。gentrify [sth] vtr (activity: make more exclusive)让...士绅化；让...高级化；让...贵族化germ of [sth] n figurative (beginnings of [sth])萌芽期, 起源, 发端With just a germ of an idea in mind, he quit his job and moved to Africa.他萌生出一个念头，所以辞掉了工作并搬去非洲。germane to [sth] adj formal (relevant to)有关的；相关的The conference organizers won't allow speakers who present topics not germane to the conference theme.germinate [sth] vtr (seed: cause to grow)使...发芽Soaking the seeds and keeping them in a damp paper towel will germinate them quickly.germinate [sth] vtr figurative (create, develop: an idea)萌生..., 产生...After a long brainstorming session, the partners germinated an idea.gesso [sth] vtr (apply gesso to)给……涂石膏gestate [sth/sb] vtr (be pregnant with)使怀孕get [sth] vtr informal (obtain) (非正式用语)搞到；弄到We need to get some beer somewhere.我们得找地方弄点啤酒。get [sth] vtr informal (receive)收到，得到Did you get the message I sent you?你收到我发给你的信息了吗？get [sth] vtr informal (earn, win) (非正式用语)得到, 赢得I got an A in Spanish.我的西班牙课成绩是A。get [sth] vtr informal (fetch)拿来，取来I'll get another plate for you.我重新去给你拿一个盘子。get [sb] to do [sth] vtr informal (persuade)说服...做某事；劝导...做某事I got him to give me a pay rise.我说服了他给我加工资。get [sth] vtr informal (illness: catch)染上；患上He got the flu and had to stay at home.他感冒了，不得不呆在家里。get [sth] vtr informal (buy)买；购买I'm just going to get some more milk.我刚要去再买些牛奶。get [sth] done vtr informal (arrange or cause to have) (非正式用语)使, 使得, 让I need to get my car fixed.我得把车修好。get [sth] vtr informal (understand) (口语)了解；理解；明白Do you get what I'm saying?你明白我的意思吗？get [sth] vtr informal (prepare) (非正式用语)准备；备好I'll get dinner if you lay the table.get [sth] vtr informal (attract) (非正式用语)得到, 获得She always gets all the attention.get [sth] vtr informal (hear) (非正式用语)听到, 明白Sorry, I didn't get that. What did you say?get [sth] vtr informal (receive as punishment)受到…的惩罚, 被判…的刑He got 10 years for armed robbery.get [sth] vtr informal (ruin, destroy) (非正式用语)毁掉, 使坏掉, 摧毁Rust got my car.have got to do [sth] vtr informal (must) (非正式用语)必须做某事备注: only in present perfectI have got to leave now.get to do [sth] v expr informal (have the opportunity) (与不定式连用)能够, 有机会I get to go to Paris this summer.今年夏天我能去巴黎了。get a fix on [sth] v expr slang (ascertain)搞清楚；查清楚I talked to several people to get a fix on what actually happened.get a glimpse of [sth/sb] v expr (catch sight of briefly)瞥见；瞅见The fans crowded around the door to get a glimpse of the athletes leaving the stadium.get a grip on [sth] v expr figurative, informal (start to understand)开始理解；了解I would love to get a grip on basic physics.我很乐意了解基础物理。get a handle on [sth], have a handle on v expr figurative, informal (understand)理解；了解I can't get a handle on this at all. Can you explain it again?get a hold of [sth] v expr informal (grasp)抓住, 把握, 掌控Get a firm hold of the load and make sure it's not too heavy before you lift.get a kick out of [sth/sb] v expr slang (enjoy, take pleasure in)因…激动；刺激；痛快She gets a kick out of watching talking animal videos.get a sense of [sth], get a sense for [sth] v expr (understand in a general way)大致了解；大致理解get a whiff of [sth] v expr informal (smell)闻到Did you get a whiff of that new perfume she is wearing?get a whiff of [sth] v expr figurative, slang (detect)察觉到；觉察到Did you get a whiff of the hostility in that meeting?get above [sth] vi + prep (surpass)超过Melinda worked hard to get above the minimum academic requirements for university.get above [sth] vi + prep (be over [sth])超过；越过We should get above 5,000 feet before we make camp.get acquainted with [sth] v expr figurative (familiarize yourself with [sth])熟悉...You'd better get acquainted with new computers if you want to keep your job.get ahold of [sb/sth] v expr US, informal (grab, grasp)抓住；握住get around doing [sth], also UK: get round doing [sth] v expr (avoid doing)规避；逃避；避开The politician got around answering the question by changing the subject.The businessman got around paying his taxes by using a loophole in the law.那个政客换了话题来回避回答这个问题。//这个商人钻法律的空子以规避税务。get behind with [sth], get behind on [sth] v expr informal (not do [sth] in time)落后；迟延Dan's car was repossessed when he got behind on the payments.We've got behind on these orders, so we'll have to work overtime to catch up on them.丹拖欠贷款后，他的车被收回。//这些订单已经迟延了，因此我们不得不加班来赶进度。get bogged down in/by [sth] v expr figurative, informal (stuck: in activity, etc.) (比喻)陷入I thought I would be able to leave early, but I got bogged down by paperwork.get bored with [sth] vi + adj informal (lose interest)厌倦；腻烦get bored of [sth] vi + adj informal (lose interest)觉得...无聊；厌倦get carried away with [sth], get carried away by [sth] v expr figurative (be overcome with excitement)兴奋不已；太过兴奋Mark got carried away with all the excitement and nearly fainted.Sophia got carried away by the emotion of the occasion and burst into tears.get carried away doing [sth], be carried away v expr figurative (forget other tasks)专心于...而忘记；专注于...而忘却Sorry I'm late - I got carried away watching the football.get carried away with [sth], be carried away with [sth] v expr figurative (be engrossed in [sth])痴迷于，沉迷于；过度沉浸于Steve got carried away with his computer game and forgot to call his girlfriend.get [sth/sb] confused with [sth/sb] v expr informal (mix up, fail to distinguish [sth/sb])把…与…搞混；对…与…分辨不清I always get Greta confused with Verna - they look so much alike.get confused with [sb/sth] v expr informal (be mistaken for [sb])被搞混；被混淆；被错当成I always get confused with my sister: she's also a brunette, and the same height as me.get cracking with [sth] v expr informal (start [sth] now)开始着手做某事Ollie got cracking with putting up the wallpaper.get [sth] done v expr informal (accomplish [sth])完成The layoff will give me some time to get something done around the house.get even with [sb] for [sth] vi + adj (revenge)为某事向某人报仇；跟某人算某事的账Pilar made plans to get even with her sister for breaking her promise.get excited about [sth] v expr colloquial (look forward)因…激动；热切盼望The children are getting excited about tomorrow's trip to the zoo.get excited about [sth] v expr informal (be enthused)因…激动；兴奋The research team got excited about their latest discovery.get exercized about [sth] v expr (become upset about)因为...而生气；因为...而恼怒；为了...而感到沮丧get going on [sth], get going with [sth] v expr informal (start [sth])开始The chef got going with peeling the vegetables.厨师开始去蔬菜皮。get high on [sth] v expr figurative, slang (take drugs) (指服用毒品后)飘飘然，兴奋Aaron got high on crack cocaine.get hold of [sth] v expr informal (obtain [sth]) (非正式用语)搞到，弄到Can you tell me where I can get hold of a watch like yours? You need to get hold of a copy of his birth certificate.你能告诉我去哪儿可以弄到你戴的这种手表吗？你需要搞到一份他的出生证明。get hold of [sb/sth] v expr (grasp)抓到，捉住She got hold of his arm and pulled him towards her.她捉住他的手臂，将他拉向自己。get [sth] in shape v expr informal (get [sth] functioning well)使…运转良好The crew had to get the car in shape for the final day of the rally.get into [sth] vi + prep (enter: a vehicle)进（车里）Susan got into the taxi and asked the driver to take her home.苏珊坐进出租车，让司机送她回家。get involved in [sth] v expr (play a part)参与；参加You ought to get involved in more clubs on campus.你应该多参加一些学校社团。get landed with [sth/sb] vtr informal (be burdened with) (非正式用语)背上…的重负I always get landed with the worst jobs.get [sth] muddled vtr + adj informal (be confused about)把…搞混We arranged to meet, but he got the dates muddled and turned up a day early.get off on [sth], get off on doing [sth] v expr slang (enjoy, be excited by)享受…；因为…而兴奋get off on [sth], get off on doing [sth] v expr slang (be sexually excited by)因为…而亢奋；因为…而激起性欲get [sth] off the ground v expr figurative (start: a project) (指项目或任务等)启动，开始I have a great idea for a business, but I'll need money to get it off the ground.get [sth] off your chest v expr figurative (confess [sth])倾诉；一吐为快get on [sth] vi + prep (bus, train: board) (汽车、火车)上The next person who gets on the bus will have to stand, because there are no seats left.下一个上车的人必须站着，因为没有座位了。get on top of [sth] v expr figurative (gain control of a task, situation, etc.)控制；掌握；掌控get on your soapbox about [sth] v expr figurative (rant, give opinion)喋喋不休发表关于...的看法；关于...发表高谈阔论get out from under [sth] v expr figurative, informal (get out of: a difficult situation)脱离；摆脱；解决get [sth] out of the way v expr informal, figurative (task: complete)完成；将…解决掉Let's get the cleaning out of the way: then we can do something fun.get [sth/sb] out of your mind v expr (stop thinking about [sth])忘记某事；别再想某事I know it was a tough breakup, but you need to get it out of your mind.get [sth] over with v expr informal (unpleasant task: do now) (不愉快的事)尽快完成…，尽早了结…get ready for [sth] v expr (prepare yourself)为…做好准备The actors are getting ready for tonight's performance of the play.演员们正在为今晚的戏剧表演做好准备。get [sth] ready vtr + adj (prepare [sth])使…做好准备；准备…The hotel staff are still getting the room ready.酒店工作人员还在准备房间。get [sth] ready for [sb] vtr + adj (prepare [sth] for [sb])为…准备好The marketing manager is getting a report ready for the director of the company.市场经理正在为公司的懂事准备好报告。get ready to do [sth] v expr (prepare to do [sth])做好准备做I'm getting ready to run a marathon.我正在做好准备跑马拉松。get rid of [sth] v expr informal (throw away)扔掉You need to get rid of those pants - you never wear them anymore.你需要扔掉那些裤子，反正你也不会再穿了。get rid of [sth] v expr informal (dispense with)废除，免除The local museum got rid of its entrance charge; it's free to go in now.当地博物馆免除了入场费，现在免费开放。get round to [sth], get around to [sth] v expr (find time for)为…抽出时间I didn't get round to any of the tasks on my to-do list today.我今天无法抽出时间来做我待办事项清单上的任何事情。get round to doing [sth], get around to doing [sth] v expr (find time to do)抽时间做；抽空做This wall is so grubby; I must get round to repainting it.这面墙真脏。我必须抽时间将它重新粉刷一下。get set for [sth] v expr (prepare yourself)为...准备好；为...预备好This is the biggest, fastest roller-coaster in the world - so hold tight and get set for the ride of your life!get shot of [sth], be shot of [sth] v expr UK, informal (get rid of)去除；摆脱get started on [sth] v expr (task: begin)开始着手进行Vince needs to get started on his school project soon because the deadline is coming up next week.文斯需要尽快开做他的学校作业，因为下周的截止日期就快到了。get [sb] started with [sth], get [sb] started on [sth] vtr + adj (help to begin)帮助…开始（事业等）Working in her father's restaurant got Carla started on her career as a chef.在父亲的餐馆工作，帮助卡拉开始自己的厨师事业。get started on [sth] v expr (talk)开始喋喋不休地谈论；就…高谈阔论Once Dave gets started on politics, he never shuts up!一旦戴夫开始谈论政治，他总是喋喋不休！get [sb] started on [sth] vtr + adj (prompt to talk)让某人提起某事，让某人想起某事The news article got Tony started on the subject of house prices. Don't get me started on what happened in Parliament this week!该新闻报道使托尼开始就房价的话题发表看法。可别提这周国会的事儿了！get stuck with [sth/sb] v expr informal (burden)陷入困境；无法脱身My sister went shopping with her friend and I got stuck with babysitting her two small children.我姐姐和朋友出去购物了，我因为照看她的两个小孩而无法脱身。get stuck on [sth] vi + adj figurative (unable to proceed)被困在…上Olivia got stuck on the last crossword clue.奥利维亚被困在最后一个纵横字谜提示上。get stuck into [sth] v expr UK, informal (start doing [sth] enthusiastically)热衷于；钟情于get the hang of [sth], get the hang of doing [sth] v expr informal (learn to do)学会…；掌握…的窍门I took her ice-skating for the first time, and she got the hang of it right away.get the hang of [sth] v expr informal (understand)明白；理解At first the movie made no sense to me, but after a while I got the hang of it.get to [sth/sb] vi + prep (reach, arrive)到达；抵达John got to Cambridge at about five o'clock.约翰大概五点钟到达剑桥。get to doing [sth] vi + prep slang (start: doing)开始When he failed to call me yet again, I got to wondering if he was having an affair.他又没给我打电话，我开始怀疑他是否有外遇。get to do [sth] v expr informal (have opportunity to do or be)可以；能Now it's the weekend, I finally get to relax!现在是周末了，我终于可以放松了！get to the bottom of [sth] v expr figurative, informal (solve [sth])弄清，弄清楚Nobody will be allowed to go home until we get to the bottom of this and discover who gave the order to sell the shares.get [sth] underway vtr + adj (start [sth])开始某事Let's get this show underway.get [sb] up in [sth] v expr slang (dress [sb])给…穿My dad hates wearing a suit, but we got him up in one for the wedding.我爸讨厌穿西装，但为了参加婚礼，我们给他穿了一套。get yourself up in [sth] v expr (dress in fancy clothes)穿She got herself up in a gold sequinned dress and heavy make-up.她穿了一件金色亮片连衣裙并且化了浓妆。get up on [sth] vi + prep (move onto [sth], as a stage)进入；开始An audience member got up on the stage and grabbed the singer's microphone.一名观众进入舞台，夺走了歌手的话筒。get used to doing [sth] v expr (develop habit)适应；习惯You will soon get used to working the night shift.你很快就会习惯上夜班的。get used to [sth] v expr (no longer be bothered by [sth])适应；习惯I eventually got used to the constant noise.我终于适应了持续不断的噪音。get wind of [sth] vtr informal (hear rumours of) (非正式用语)得到...的风声, 风闻get wise to [sth] v expr (discover a scheme or secret)发现，察觉get [sth] wrong vtr + adj (be mistaken about [sth])弄错；搞错If you actually read the instructions, you'll be less likely to get it wrong.get your hands on [sth], lay your hands on [sth] v expr (manage to find, obtain [sth])得到；把...弄到手get your head around [sth], get your head round [sth] v expr informal (understand)搞不懂；搞不明白备注: Often used in the negativeI'm trying to get my head around the subjunctive, but I'm still not sure when to use it.the ghost of [sth] n figurative ([sth] from the past)过去事件留下的阴影The president was haunted by the ghost of the past administration.总统被上一执政团队留下的影响所困扰。the ghost of [sth] n figurative (trace)一点；一丝Frank saw the ghost of a frown on his friend's face.弗兰克发现他朋友脸上有了一丝不悦。ghost [sth] vtr informal, abbreviation (ghostwrite: write on behalf of [sb] else)代笔；代写Whoever ghosted her autobiography, they did a very poor job.代写她自传的人写得非常棒。ghostwrite [sth] vtr (write on behalf of [sb] else)代笔；捉刀giddy with [sth] adj + prep (lightheaded with emotion)狂喜的；高兴的The children were giddy with excitement on Christmas morning.圣诞节早晨，孩子们都很兴奋和高兴。gift [sth] vtr (present as a gift)送给；赠予The queen gifted one of her properties to her grandson.gift wrap [sth], gift-wrap [sth], giftwrap [sth] vtr (wrap in decorative paper)以包装纸包礼物It's a present - could you gift-wrap it for me please?这是一份礼物，你能帮我包装一下吗？gift wrap [sth], gift-wrap [sth], giftwrap [sth] vtr figurative, informal (allow or grant a benefit)奉送, 赠送We gift-wrapped the other team's first victory by playing so badly.gig [sth] vtr (catch with a gig)钓到；勾到Brad gigged a fish from the pond.gild [sth] vtr (cover thinly with gold)把…镀上金；给…镀金The artist carefully gilded the rim of the vase.艺术家小心谨慎地在花瓶的边缘镀金。gimmick [sth] vtr (embellish with unnecessary features)过分装饰；过度装饰gin [sth] vtr (textiles)轧棉The workers spent all day ginning the cotton they had picked the day before.gin [sth] vtr (game: trap)设陷阱The hunter ginned a pheasant to eat for dinner.这位猎人设陷阱捕获了一只野鸡作为晚餐。gird [sth] vtr literary (put a belt round)束缚；扎紧；缠好A braided rope of gold girded the wizard's robe.巫师的长袍上系着一根金编绳。girdle [sth] vtr (encircle, surround)围绕；包围；环绕The corset girdled the woman's torso tightly.紧身胸衣紧紧地包裹着那位女士的上身。girdle [sth] vtr (strangle: tree)环绕, 包围The roots began to girdle the potted tree.girdle [sth] vtr (remove bark: tree) (树皮)将…剥掉, 环剥Over the winter rodents girdled the tree in our front yard.整个冬天，啮齿动物把我们前院树的皮都剥掉了。girt [sth] vtr dated (measure the circumference of [sth])测...的周长；测...围girt [sth] vtr dated (hold in place with a girth)用带固定girt [sth] vtr dated (put a belt around [sth])用带束；用带系git [sth] vtr US, regional, slang (get) (俚语，方言)[get的方言变体]When did you git that new phone?give [sb] [sth] vtr (hand, pass: [sb] [sth])给；给予；递给Could you give me that book over there, please?请您把那儿的那本书给我，好吗？give [sth] to [sb] vtr (hand, pass: [sth] to [sb])把…给予；把…交给；递给Can you give that book to me?你能把那本书给我吗？give [sb] [sth] vtr (as a gift)赠予；赠送；送给She gave me a tie for my birthday.她送我一根领带作生日礼物。give [sb] [sth] vtr (provide)提供...给；向...供应；给某人某物Can you give me something to eat?你可以给我点吃的吗？give [sb] [sth], give [sb] [sth] for [sth] vtr (pay)支付某人某物；付款给；向...缴纳I'll give you five hundred dollars for that car.那辆车我会付你五百美元。give [sth] vtr (supply)供应；供给The furnace gives heat to the entire house.这个暖气炉为整幢房子供热。give [sb] [sth] vtr (assign, allot)将...分配给；指派...给After three interviews she was given the job.经过三次面试后，她得到了那个工作。give [sth] vtr (present, perform)表演；演出She's giving a piano concert tonight.give [sb] [sth] vtr (place in [sb]'s care)将某物交付…保管I gave them the house keys for the week.；give [sth] vtr (utter) (声音)发出；叫出He gave a shout and ran towards her.give [sb] [sth] vtr (cause)使得…感到It gives me great pleasure to welcome you tonight.give [sth] to [sth], give [sth] for [sth] vtr (donate)将...捐赠给；捐出...给He gave his heart and lungs to science.give [sb] [sth] vtr (infect) (疾病)传染；感染；传给She's given me her cold.give [sb] [sth] vtr (deliver)将...传递给；将...传达给Give them our fondest regards.give [sth] to [sb] vtr (inflict)使...遭受；使...承受He gave detention to the whole class.give [sb] [sth] vtr (administer) (药物)给…服用How much aspirin should I give her?give [sth] to [sth], give [sth] for [sth] vtr (devote)将...奉献给；向...付出；为了...牺牲She gave her life to the human rights movement.give a boost to [sth/sb], give [sth/sb] a boost v expr (assist, encourage)促进，推进；激励The advertisement gave a boost to the company's sales.give [sth/sb] a flick v expr (flip lightly with finger)轻弹；轻击give [sb] a hard time about [sth], give [sb] a hard time over [sth] v expr informal (berate)责备；责骂My dad gave me a hard time about not finishing my homework.give a second thought to [sth/sb], give [sth/sb] a second thought v expr informal (consideration)再次考虑；再三思量备注: Often used in the negative.Most people don't give a second thought to the problems of the homeless.give [sth] a shot v expr figurative, informal (try)试…，尝试…He gave the auditions a shot, but ultimately failed.I gave that book a shot, but I stopped reading it because I wasn't interested.give [sb/sth] a standing ovation v expr (audience: rise to applaud [sb/sth])起立鼓掌The crowd gave the film a standing ovation.give [sth] a try v expr informal (attempt)试试If you've never gone skiing, you should give it a try.give [sth] a try v expr informal (sample)尝试；尝尝You shouldn't say you hate sushi without giving it a try first.give [sth] a whirl v expr informal, figurative (try [sth] new)尝试Judith had never been surfing before, but she thought she'd give it a whirl.give a wide berth to [sb/sth], give [sb/sth] a wide berth v expr figurative (keep away from)避开；保持距离give aid to [sb/sth] v expr (provide charity)捐款；捐赠（物品）Some criminals ease their conscience by giving aid to the poor.give [sb/sth] airtime, give airtime to [sb/sth] v expr (TV, radio: publicize) (电视台)播放，播映； (电台)广播give approval for [sth], give your approval for [sth] v expr (permit, agree to [sth])允许；赞同；批准give assurance of [sth] v expr (guarantee [sth])保证...give birth to [sth] v expr (animal: to young) (动物)产仔Labradors usually give birth to between six and eight puppies.拉布拉多犬通常会生下六到八只小狗。give birth to [sth] v expr figurative (create, bring about)催生；开创Henry Ford gave birth to the automotive industry.亨利·福特开创了汽车行业。give [sb] chapter and verse on [sth] v expr figurative (tell [sb] [sth] in detail)向某人详细描述give credence to [sth] v expr (accept as the truth)相信；给予…以信任You can't possibly give credence to the word of a man who's a notorious liar!你怎么可能相信一个臭名昭著的骗子所说的话！give [sb] credit, give [sb] credit on [sth] vtr + n (allow delayed payment)让…赊账I soon regretted giving him credit on that purchase.give [sb] credit for [sth], give [sb] credit for doing [sth] v expr (acknowledge)为…而称赞某人Teresa gave Simon credit for admitting responsibility for the mistake.give credit to [sb] for [sth], give credit to [sb] for doing [sth] v expr (acknowledge)为…而称赞某人Many commentators have given credit to Karzai for leading the country to recovery.give life to [sth] vtr (enliven)赋予…生机；赋予…活力He provides just enough description to give life to his characters.他的描写恰到好处，让他笔下的人物栩栩如生。give meaning to [sth], give [sth] meaning v expr (make [sth] significant)赋予...意义When a student tells me how I helped him in life, it gives meaning to everything I do.give notice of [sth], give notice that vtr + n (warn, inform)通知The Council's letter gave notice of the election to all the voters.委员会写信向全体选民通知本次选举。give onto [sth] vi + prep (face onto)面向；朝着The living room gives onto the garden.give or take [sth] expr informal (plus or minus)多或少…I've been away from home for three months, give or take a few days.give over doing [sth] v expr UK, slang (stop doing [sth])停止做某事；不要再Give over arguing! You're giving me a headache!别吵了！你让我头疼！give [sb] pause to do [sth] v expr (make you stop, think)使某人停下来做某事Samantha's death has given us all pause to reflect on what is important in life.give [sb] permission to do [sth] v expr (allow [sb] to do [sth])同意某人做某事give permission to do [sth] v expr (allow [sb] to do [sth])许可做某事；准予做某事give prominence to [sth] vtr (stress, highlight)强调；突出When writing your CV, always give prominence to your strengths and minimize your weak points.give rise to [sth] v expr (cause)引起；导致；造成The lack of food gave rise to riots.食物的短缺引起暴乱。give support to [sth], lend support to [sth] v expr (back, assist [sth])给予支持；帮助They asked me to give support to a cause I don't believe in.give [sth] the brushoff (US), give [sth] the brush-off (UK) v expr figurative, slang (idea: reject, dismiss) (想法等)不理睬；拒绝；忽视give [sb/sth] the elbow v expr informal, figurative (break with, reject)与...分手；与...决裂；放弃My sister has finally given her no-good boyfriend the elbow. Isn't it about time we gave these old-fashioned customs the elbow?give the go-ahead for [sth] v expr informal (authorize [sth])授权做某事give the lie to [sth] v expr (prove untrue)证伪；证明...的虚假give thought to [sth], give [sth] thought v expr (consider)思索；思考；考虑…Before planting a tree you need to give thought to what is suitable for your garden.give up hope of [sth] v expr (be resigned)放弃对…的希望The team never gave up hope of victory.give up hope of doing [sth] v expr (be resigned)放弃做…的希望The couple had given up hope of having a child.give up on doing [sth] v expr (abandon: an effort)放弃I gave up on trying to find a good example.我放弃寻找一个好的例证。give way to [sth/sb] v expr (driving: yield to, give priority to) (驾驶中)给…让路When driving in the UK, remember to give way to traffic on your right.在英国开车时，请记得给右边的车辆让道。give way to [sb/sth] v expr (give in to: [sb], [sth])对…屈服；对…让步Adrian pestered me so much about going to the party that eventually I gave way to him.艾德里安老是缠着我要我去参加那个派对，最后我还是不得不答应他了。give [sth/sb] your attention v expr (focus on)在...中投入精力given to doing [sth] adj (tending to do)愿意做某事的；想要做某事的She is much given to staying out late.她很想要在外面玩到很晚。gladden [sb/sth] vtr (cheer, make happier)使…开心；使...愉快glamorize [sth], also UK: glamorise [sth], glamourize [sth], glamourise [sth] vtr (portray in a glorified way)美化Sandy thinks that TV shows shouldn't glamorize teenage pregnancy.glance at [sth/sb] vi + prep (look quickly at)朝…投去一瞥；望…一眼Mark kept glancing at the door to see if his date had arrived. We glanced at each other discreetly.马克一直在瞟门口的位置，想知道约会对象到没有。我们悄悄地瞥了彼此一眼。glance off [sth] vi + prep (be deflected by)略过；擦过The shot glanced off a defender and went into the goal.这一射门，球与防守队员擦身而过，球进了。glance [sth] vtr (deflect)使偏向；使转向He glanced the ball to the boundary.他打出一记擦击球，球飞向边界。glance over [sth] vi + prep (examine quickly)浏览；瞥了一眼...the glare of [sth] n figurative (of publicity)公众关注；公众视线All politicians must learn to accept the glare of public scrutiny.所有政客都必须学会接受公众视线的监督。glaze [sth] vtr (pastry: apply egg)给...刷上蛋液The baker glazed the dough with an egg wash.glaze [sth] vtr (food: top with sugar) (食物表面)刷糖汁Tom glazed the cinnamon roll with sugar.汤姆把糖汁涂在了肉桂卷上。glaze [sth] vtr (window: fit glass)安装（玻璃）；镶（玻璃）Kate glazed the old single-pane window with some pretty stained glass.glaze [sth] vtr (painting: add thin wash) (绘画)给...上半透明油层，给…上光George glazed the background of his painting when he was done.glaze [sth] vtr (ceramics: add shiny coating) (陶瓷)给...上釉Brian glazed the ceramic teapot that he made in his pottery class.glean [sth], glean that vtr figurative (discover slowly)逐渐发现, 慢慢发觉We eventually gleaned that he had never been to Baghdad.我们最后才知道他从未去过巴格达。glean [sth] vtr figurative (gather bit by bit)逐渐收集；一点点的搜集Glean as much advice from her as you can.尽可能多地向她征求意见。glean [sth] vtr (agriculture: gather) (麦穗、谷穗等)捡, 拾Local people glean the fields after the machines have harvested them.在机器收割完后，当地人去地里拾穗。glimmer of [sth] n figurative (small sign) (形容思想)隐约出现, 模糊表露The teacher tried to explain the concept until a glimmer of understanding appeared in the students' eyes.老师尝试解释这个概念，直到学生们的眼中表现、出一丝理解之意。glimpse [sth/sb] vtr (see briefly)瞥见，眼光掠过Tom glimpsed the sun through the clouds.汤姆透过云层瞥见太阳。glimpse, glimpse of [sth/sb] n (brief sight)（一）瞥The hunter spent all day in the blind without a glimpse of any prey.猎人一整天都呆在黑暗之中，完全瞥不见猎物的踪影。glimpse, glimpse of [sth] n figurative (brief sight)短暂模糊的闪现；片刻的隐约显现The charity gave the refugees a glimpse of hope.慈善机构给难民们带来了一线隐约的希望。glitter with [sth] vi + prep (eyes: with emotion)眼里闪现出；眼里露出...的目光Jane's eyes glittered with delight when Henry handed her the gift.亨利递给她礼物的时候，简的眼里闪现出喜悦的光芒。glitter, the glitter of [sth] n (glamour, appeal)引人注目；耀眼光环Denise chose the glitter of a career in showbusiness rather than go to medical school.gloat over [sth] vi + prep (brag)沾沾自喜；得意洋洋Miller was gloating over his victory against Lawson.globalize [sth], also UK: globalise [sth] vtr (expand [sth] worldwide)使 ... 全球化glom onto [sth], glom onto [sth] vi + prep US, informal (latch on to) (比喻)盯上；痴迷于；对...极为感兴趣The teenager glommed onto the ideas of his peer group.glom onto [sth], glom on to [sth] vi + prep US, informal (take possession of)占据，获得glorify [sth] vtr (portray as glorious)美化；吹捧When will we stop glorifying selfishness?何时我们才能停止美化自私行为?glory in [sth] vi + prep (rejoice: in a victory, etc.)自豪The team gloried in their well-earned victory.the gloss of [sth] n figurative (superficial appeal, glamor)表面上的光彩；光彩耀人的外在Beneath the gloss of the actor's Hollywood lifestyle lay a troubled personal life.在那个演员光鲜的好莱坞生活外表下他糟糕的私人生活。gloss [sth] vtr (lips)涂唇彩；涂唇蜜Kate glossed her lips for her date.为了约会，凯特涂了唇彩。gloss [sth] vtr (coat with [sth] shiny)给…上光；使具有光泽Ben glossed the wood with a reflective coating.本为木头涂上了反光涂层。gloss [sth] vtr (define, annotate)对…进行注解；在…上作注The student glossed all the important terms at the top of the paper.glove [sth] vtr (put gloves on)给…戴手套Agatha gloved her children's hands before they went out in the snow.雪天出行前，阿加莎为孩子们戴上了手套。glow with [sth] vi + prep figurative (radiate: pride, health) (骄傲、健康等)由于…容光焕发； (骄傲、幸福等)脸上洋溢着…Alisha glowed with pride as the gold medal was presented to her daughter.在金牌呈给女儿的那一刻，阿丽莎的脸上洋溢着骄傲。glower at [sb/sth] vi + prep (stare moodily at)怒瞪；怒目相视Jason glowered at his math teacher, feeling that algebra was torture.杰森怒视着他的数学老师，感觉代数这门课就是一种折磨。glue [sth] vtr (apply glue to)粘；粘牢；粘贴Paul glued the pieces of the broken cup back together.The carpenter glued the two pieces of wood.The doctor glued the cut on Susan's head.保罗把杯子的碎片粘回了原样。// 木匠将两块木料粘在一起。// 医生将苏珊头上的伤口粘了起来。glue [sth] to [sth], glue [sth] onto [sth] vtr + prep (attach with glue)用胶或胶水把...粘在...上Tim glued the wallpaper onto the wall.蒂姆把墙纸粘到了墙上。glued to [sth] adj + prep (attached with adhesive)粘在一起的I can't pick this folder up; it's glued to the desk!glued to [sth] adj + prep figurative (person, eyes: watching obsessively)盯着看的The man's gaze was glued to the joggers.那男人的目光紧紧盯着慢跑的人。glut [sth] vtr (appetite: satiate)使吃得过饱；使吃得倒胃口They glutted their appetites on the freshly killed deer.他们吃了刚杀的鹿，但吃得过饱了。glut [sth] vtr figurative (market: flood, saturate)充斥市场The market has been glutted by cheap imports.市场上充斥着廉价的进口商品。a glutton for [sth] n figurative, informal (person excessively keen on [sth])过度爱做某事的人Peter is a glutton for adventure and is always going to dangerous places.彼得是一个非常爱冒险的人，总是去危险的地方。glycerinate [sth] vtr (impregnate with glycerin)用甘油处理gnarl [sth] vtr (twist, deform)扭曲；扭；拗gnaw on [sth] vi + prep (chew)啃咬The dog gnawed on a bone.gnaw [sth] vtr (chew on)咬；啃Lydia's pet hamster was gnawing a treat.莉迪亚的宠物鼠正在啃食。go to [sth] vi + prep (proceed to, head for)前往；去往I'm going to London this summer.Anne went to Italy for her holiday last year.Robert goes to the market every Saturday morning.今年夏天我准备去伦敦。安妮去年去意大利度的假。罗伯特每个周六早晨都会去集市。go to [sth] vi + prep (lead to)通向；通到These stairs go to the attic.这些楼梯通向阁楼。be going to do [sth] v aux (future)将要；打算；准备Jake is going to clean the bathroom later.杰克打算晚些再打扫浴室。go to [sth], go on [sth] vi + prep (be allotted)用于；用来A quarter of their income goes to food.go into [sth] vi + prep (number: be divisor of) (数学)被整除How many times does six go into eighty-four?84除以6等于几?go to [sb/sth] vi + prep (be awarded to) (奖品等)被授予，归于And the Oscar goes to Steve McQueen!奥斯卡奖得主是史蒂夫·麦奎因！go to do [sth] v expr (make a move to do)去做Jake went to brush a stray hair from Leah's cheek, but at that moment she turned away.杰克正要把滑落在利亚脸上的一根头发拂开，但就在那一刻，利亚转过身去。go a long way, go a long way to do [sth] expr (be helpful)对…大有帮助，对…很有帮助The man's generous donation will go a long way to help build homes for needy families.go ahead and do [sth] v expr informal (do [sth] with permission)去做...吧Yes, of course you can have a snack; go ahead and help yourself to whatever you want.是的，你当然可以吃零食了。去吧，你想吃什么就吃什么。go ahead and do [sth] v expr informal (do [sth] without permission) (未经许可)还是做了Sarah's parents said she couldn't go to the party, but she went ahead and did it anyway.I didn't have time to ask my boss if she wanted me to deal with the problem; I just went ahead and did it.莎拉的父母说她不能去参加派对，但她还是去了。//我没有时间问老板是否要我去处理这个问题，于是我就这么做了。go all out to do [sth] v expr informal (make a full effort)竭尽全力，全力以赴；绞尽脑汁，殚精竭虑George went all out to impress his girlfriend.go and do [sth] v expr colloquial (proceed to do)去做...Could you go and get some bread from the shop, please? If you see a crime being committed, you should go and tell a police officer.go and do [sth] v expr informal (do [sth] foolish)做蠢事My stupid brother went and broke his leg the day before the race!我的蠢弟弟居然在赛跑前一天把腿摔坏了！go and get [sth/sb] v expr informal (fetch)去卖；去获得；去弄到Dan asked his son to go and get some milk from the local supermarket.go around [sth], also UK: go round [sth] vi + prep (encircle, surround)环绕，围绕I had grown so fat that none of my belts would go around my waist.我长得太胖了，所有的皮带都小了，系不上腰。go around [sth], also UK: go round [sth] vi + prep (change path to avoid hitting [sth])绕开；避开The radio advised of heavy traffic downtown, so we went around the city instead.广播提示说市中心交通拥堵，所以我们转而绕开了城镇。go at [sth] fiercely v expr (do energetically)精力满满地投入；动力十足地做某事Veronica went at her workout fiercely.go back to doing [sth] v expr (revert to doing [sth]) (恶习等)再度，重新开始，故态复萌Sheila went back to using drugs.席拉重新开始吸毒。go before [sth/sb] vi + prep (precede)走在…的前面The travel guides go before the tourist group.go below [sth] vi + prep (go underneath [sth])到...下面去go by [sth] vi + prep informal (use as guide)根据；依据Going by the map, the hotel should be on the corner of the next street on the right.根据地图来看，旅馆应该在下一条街的右拐处。go by [sth] vi + prep (use for transport) (交通工具)乘Steve went by train to Oxford.史蒂夫乘火车去了牛津。go by (the name of) [sth] vi + prep (be known as) (名字)叫The criminal goes by the nickname of 'The Black Cat'.这名罪犯的绰号叫做“黑猫”。go down as [sth] v expr (be remembered as)作为，是，被视为That's going to go down as one of the greatest mistakes a politician has ever made.go easy on [sth] v expr informal (use sparingly)节约使用, 有节制地使用If you want to lose weight you should probably go easy on the fatty foods.go for [sth] vi + prep (journey, ride: take) (驾车)兜风；旅行Let's go for a ride in my new car.让我们坐我的新车去兜风吧。go for [sth] vi + prep (swim, walk, run: do) (游泳，散步，跑步)去I would go for a run, but it's starting to rain.我想去跑步，但下雨了。go for [sth] vi + prep (fetch)去拿Why don't you and Phil go for some beer?为什么你不和菲尔去喝点啤酒？go for [sth] vi + prep informal (be sold for: a given price)卖到；售价为The Picasso painting went for $100 million.毕加索的画售价为1亿美元。go halves with [sb] on [sth] v expr informal (share [sth] equally with [sb])和某人平摊…go hard at [sth] vtr informal (do [sth] intensely)投入做，努力做I started learning Italian a year ago, and I've been going hard at it ever since.go in search of [sth/sb] v expr (set out to find)去追求；去寻找Richard went in search of the lost cat.go into raptures about [sth], go into raptures over [sth] v expr (be ecstatic)因为...而兴奋至极；因为...而陷入狂喜go near [sth/sb] vi + prep (approach, get close to)靠近；接近The noise from the crowd increased every time the ball went near the penalty box.go nuts for [sth], go nuts over [sth] v expr informal (become enthusiastic about)非常热爱；痴迷My 6-year-old daughter has suddenly gone nuts for football.go on doing [sth] v expr (continue doing [sth])继续；接着做Few professional footballers go on playing into their forties.职业足球运动员很少能踢到四十岁。go on to do [sth] v expr (do subsequently)随后做某事；后来做某事；接着做某事Having acted in movies for thirty years, he went on to direct them.演了30年电影后，他继续从事导演工作。go on and on about [sth/sb] vtr slang (talk incessantly about) (俚语)喋喋不休地说，不休止地说She went on and on about the various celebrities she'd met.go on to do [sth] v expr (do [sth] next)继续做另一件事；接着做下一件事go out of your mind with [sth] v expr figurative, informal (become extremely anxious, worried) (指过度焦虑等)因...而发疯；因...而发狂When Becky didn't come home that night, her mother went out of her mind with worry.go over [sth] vi + prep (cross)穿过；越过；过If you want to get to the other side of the river, you need to go over the bridge.I'm just going over the road to see Mr Davison.你想到河的对岸，你需要从桥上过去。//我正穿过马路去见戴维森先生。；go past [sth/sb] vi + prep (pass by)走过；路过Amy went past Joe's house on her way to the church.在去教堂的路上，艾米路过了乔的家。go public with [sth] v expr informal (reveal [sth])将...公之于众；公开go straight on doing [sth] v expr informal (continue to do [sth])继续做Jill decided to go straight on doing what she loved to do.吉尔决定继续做她喜欢做的事。go through [sth] vi + prep (cross)走过；穿越To go through the border checkpoint, you needed a valid passport.要通过边境检查站，你需要有效的护照。go through [sth] vi + prep figurative (endure, suffer)经受；遭受Having grown up in Rwanda, Joe had gone through much torment, making him the man he is today.在卢旺达长大的乔经历了很多苦难，才成就了今天的他。go through [sth] vi + prep (pass through: tunnel) (通道等)穿过，走过The hunters had to go through a cluster of trees to get to the wounded deer.猎人们必须穿过一片丛林才能捕到那只受伤的鹿。go through [sth] vi + prep (search, review)翻阅；翻看I went through all my sketchbooks trying to find my favourite drawing of the oak tree.我翻遍了我所有的写生簿，试着找到我最喜欢的那副橡树画。go to a lot of trouble to do [sth] v expr (make a special effort to)花很多精力做某事；投入许多努力做某事I went to a lot of trouble to prepare a special dinner.go to get [sth/sb] v expr (fetch)去拿；去取回go to show [sth] v expr (serve to illustrate)说明；表明That just goes to show that you can't trust anyone.go to the wall for [sth] v expr (stand up for [sth] at all cost to yourself)为了...不计一切代价go to work on [sth] v expr figurative, informal (do [sth] thoroughly)全心投入地做，非常细致地做The artist has really gone to work on this mural; it's huge and very detailed.go toward [sb/sth], go towards [sb/sth] vi + prep (move in the direction of)朝...方向前进；向...方向进发She got up and went towards the door.go under [sth] vi + prep (figure: go lower than) (指数字)低于，小于Viewing figures went under 10 million after the lead actor left the show.go up to [sb/sth] v expr (approach, accost)靠近；接近Don't be shy, just go up to him and say hi!go up to [sth] v expr (reach as high as)上升至；长及I want some boots that go up to my knees.go wild with [sth] v expr informal (do [sth] extravagantly)铺张浪费地做...；奢侈地做...You really went wild with the décor in this room, didn't you?go with [sth] vi + prep (clothes, colors: match) (衣服、颜色等)很搭配These shoes go with that handbag.这鞋与手提包很搭。go with [sth] vi + prep (belong with)伴随着；是…的一部分As a doctor, I find it hard to give people bad news, but it goes with the job.作为医生，我发现很难告诉人们坏消息，但这却是工作的一部分。goad [sb] to do [sth] v expr (prompt, spur to do)促使The sudden decline in sales goaded the manager to take action.goad [sb] into [sth], goad [sb] into doing [sth] vtr (prompt into action)促使Richard's pleas eventually goaded Maddy into buying the house.goad [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (prompt, spur into doing)唆使Fiona goaded Ellen into going to the party.gobs of [sth] npl slang, figurative (a large amount)大量；很多I've got gobs of homework this weekend.gobble [sth] vtr (eat hungrily)狼吞虎咽地吃The cats gobbled the chicken liver hungrily.猫狼吞虎咽地吃完了鸡肝。goffer [sth], gauffer [sth], vtr (clothing: make pleated trim)给...压出褶皱goffer [sth], gauffer [sth], vtr (decorate edges of a book) (书的边缘)给...压印图案goggle at [sth/sb] vi + prep (stare stupidly)目瞪口呆地看；瞪视Traffic was terrible because drivers kept slowing to goggle at an accident at the side of the road.gold-plate [sth], gold plate [sth] vtr (gild)给…镀金The brooch is made of sterling silver that has been gold-plated.gold-plate [sth], gold plate [sth] vtr figurative (add unnecessary costly refinements)给...镀金golden era of [sth] n (most successful period, heyday)…的黄金时代；…的全盛时代The golden era of cheap flights is virtually finished.golf [sth] vtr US, informal (hit with a club) (高尔夫运动中)挥拍, 击球The player golfed the ball high into the air.这名球手将高尔夫球高高地击向空中。good for [sb/sth] adj + prep (healthy)对…的健康有益Cod liver oil is supposed to be good for you.鱼肝油对你的健康有益。good for [sb/sth] adj + prep (beneficial)对…有益；对…有好处Whoever said that pain is good for the soul?是谁说痛苦对于灵魂有益的？the good of [sth/sb] expr (benefit, advantage)…的利益Political decisions should always be for the good of the people.政治决议总是应当符合人民群众的利益。good for [sth], good for doing [sth] adj + prep (useful)对…好用；适合用来Shoe boxes are good for storing old postcards and letters.鞋盒适合用来装过去的明信片和信件。be good at [sth] v expr (be skilled, talented)擅长；善于He is good at anything related to numbers.他擅长一切与数字有关的事。be good with [sth] v expr (be skilled with)擅长My sister is good with numbers but I'm better at languages.我姐姐擅长数字方面的事，而我更擅长语言。be good with [sb/sth] v expr (people, animal: handle well)善于应付；善于与…打交道He is good with children and animals.他善于与小孩和动物打交道。be good for [sth] v expr (be valid: for a duration)在…内有效Your international driving licence is good for one year; you can renew it after that.你的国际驾驶执照在一年内有效，你可以在其过期后续期。be good for [sth] v expr (be equivalent in value to)值；可兑换Your admission ticket is also good for one drink at the bar when you get inside.进去后，你的入场券还能在吧台换到一杯饮料。be good for [sth] v expr informal (be fit only for)适合That tatty old sofa is good for the dump.那张破破烂烂的旧沙发很适合放在垃圾堆里。a good feeling (about [sth]) n (premonition of [sth] good)好的预感I have a good feeling about this interview.Google [sth], google [sth] vtr ® (search the internet for) (商标)用谷歌进行搜索备注: As a registered trademark, “Google” should be capitalized, but it is sometimes not capitalized in informal communication.If you don't know who Rosalind Franklin was, Google her.如果你不知道罗莎琳德·富兰克林是谁的话，那就用谷歌搜索一下她。goose [sth] vtr slang (engine: give bursts of gasoline) (俚语)以喷射方法给车加油；大踩油门Sometimes you need to goose the engine to get it started in cold weather.在寒冷的天气里，有时你需要大踩油门才能启动发动机。gore [sb/sth] vtr (animal: injure with horns, etc.) (动物用角等)抵破，刺破；挑破，刺穿The bull gored the toreador.gorge on [sth] vi + prep (eat too much of [sth])猛吃；塞饱；狼吐虎咽地吃He gorged on meat and cheese.他猛吃肉和奶酪。gorge yourself on [sth] v expr (eat too much of [sth])吃...太多；暴食gormandize [sth], also UK: gormandise [sth] vtr formal (eat [sth] greedily)狼吞虎咽；贪婪地吃Having not eaten the previous day, the man gormandized a huge plateful of food.那个人第一天什么东西都没吃，所以狼吞虎咽，吃下了一大盘食物。gouge [sth] vtr (dig, scoop)挖出；掏出The collision gouged a big hole in the car door.gouge [sth] vtr (scoop into)凿The delivery man accidentally gouged the wall when he brought the bed in.送货员把床抬进来时不小心凿到了墙。gouge [sth] out vtr + adv (scoop out)挖掘The mining company gouged out a giant hole in order to access the minerals.gouge [sth] out vtr + adv (dig or force out)挖出gouge into [sth] vi + prep (scoop, dig into)挖入The excavator gouged into the ground and began removing dirt.gouge [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (dig [sth] into [sth])把…戳入；在...挖出Mark gouged a channel into the wood.govern [sb/sth] vtr (rule)统治；管理She governs her people with a firm hand but is fair to everyone.govern [sth] vtr (control, restrain)控制；抑制Authorities fear they can't govern the reaction to the new law.政府当局担心他们无法抑制人们对新法律的反响。govern [sth] vtr (influence, determine)支配；影响Several factors should govern your choice of a university.你对大学的选择应取决于几个因素。grab [sth] vtr (take hold of)抓住；夺过Liz grabbed the ball and ran to the goal.利兹夺过球就往球门跑。grab [sth] vtr (take illegally, snatch)非法攫取；抢夺；劫掠；窃取He grabbed the diamonds and fled.他抢走钻石逃跑了。grab [sth/sb] vtr (seize)抓住；抓着He grabbed my hand and pulled me away.他抓住我的手，把我拉到了一边。grab at [sth/sb] vi + prep (try to seize)试图抓住The drowning man will grab at anything nearby.那个快要淹死的人拼命想抓住旁边任何能抓住的东西。grab (for [sth]) n informal (attempt to take)夺取, 攫取The army staged a revolt in a grab for power.grab hold of [sth/sb] v expr (physically: grasp)抓住；拽住Bella jumped on the back of Jacob's motorcycle and grabbed hold of his body. Grab hold of the rope so that I can pull you up!grab hold of [sth] v expr figurative (idea, opportunity: seize)抓住（念头、机遇等）Dean grabbed hold of the opportunity to visit the beach a few times.grace [sth] vtr (adorn)使增光Many rare and beautiful treasures graced the museum.众多美丽的奇珍异宝为博物馆增光添彩。grace [sb/sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (person: be present)参与...莅临；给...赏光参加The mayor graced the villagers with his presence at the ceremony.市长给村民赏光，莅临仪式活动。graduate [sth] vtr (graduate in tonal value) (颜色等)使...渐变grade [sth] vtr US (homework, exam: mark)批改；评分The teacher graded the students' exams.老师批改了学生的试卷。grade [sth] vtr (reduce slope of)减小...的坡度；平整The bulldozers grade the land before the road is built.在修路前，推土机先平整土地。grade [sb/sth] vtr (classify)归类；分等级People are sometimes graded according to socio-economic status.grade [sb/sth] vtr (education: award a grade to)给…评分；批改The professor graded the performance an A+.grade [sth] vtr (blend colour, light) (颜色等)使...有层次The painter graded several colours to show the sunset.graduate [sth] vtr US (finish a degree or diploma)从…毕业；毕业于She graduated high school in 1973.她1973年高中毕业。graffiti [sth] vtr Italian (public walls: write or draw on)在墙上涂鸦；在墙上涂画Students had graffitied the door of the toilet cubicle.graft [sth] vtr (surgery) (外科手术)移植The doctor had to graft healthy skin on the patient's burn wounds.医生必须在患者的烧伤处上移植健康的皮肤。graft [sth] vtr (plants) (植物)嫁接The farmer grafted a plum branch into an apple tree.农夫将梅枝嫁接到一棵苹果树上。grandfather [sth] vtr US (law: exempt)不受新规定限制，被豁免的The new regulations don't apply to this building, which already has all the permissions in place; it's been grandfathered.新规定不适用于这栋所有权限已经到位的建筑，该建筑是被豁免的。grant [sb] [sth] vtr (give, cede, bestow)授予...给, 准予某人某物； (财产)立约转让The judge granted the plaintiff the right to see the documents.法官授权原告查看文件。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 他把房产转让给了自己的侄子。grant [sth] vtr (wish: fulfil, make come true)答应满足；同意满足；赋予, 赐予The genie granted him a wish.妖怪答应满足他一个愿望。grant [sth] vtr (admit, concede)承认I grant that he sounded genuine, but I still don't believe what he says.graph [sth] vtr (put in a graph)图示；制图；用图表示In seventh grade Jimmy had to learn to graph lines.七年级时，吉米必须学会做线形图。grapple with [sb/sth] vi + prep (wrestle, fight with)与…搏斗；与…扭打；与…对打Horace grappled with his opponent in the wrestling ring. The police officers grappled with the protesters to keep them behind the barrier.贺拉斯在摔跤场与对手搏斗。警察与抗议者搏斗，好让他们待在隔离障后面。grapple with [sth] vi + prep figurative (struggle with [sth] difficult)努力应对；努力克服，努力攻克He's still grappling with French irregular verbs.他还在努力攻克法语的不规则动词这一难点。grappling with [sth] n figurative (act of wrestling with a problem)绞尽脑汁；费力思考After hours of grappling with the problem, they are still no closer to a solution.grasp [sth], grasp [sb] vtr (firm hold)牢牢抓住，抓牢，紧握Mike grasped his bag tightly on the subway.地铁上，迈克紧紧抓牢自己的包。grasp [sth] vtr figurative (understand)理解，领会Gerald couldn't grasp the complicated concept that his teacher was trying to explain.杰拉尔德无法理解老师正在尽力解释的复杂概念。grass [sth] vtr (cover [sth] with grass)用草覆盖If you want bees to visit your garden, you should grass the whole area.如果你想为花园引来蜜蜂，就应该在整个花园中种上草。grass [sth] vtr (animal raising: feed [sth] with grass)给…喂草The cowherd grasses his cattle on this prairie.放牛人把牛群带到这片草原上吃草。grass [sth] vtr (fishing: catch [sth]) (鱼)钓到，捕到The angler grassed a trout weighing 10 kilos.grass [sth] vtr (bird hunting: shoot [sth] down) (猎鸟)击落，射杀The hunter grassed two pheasants.grate [sth] vtr (shred: cheese, vegetables)研磨，磨碎Kelsey always grates cheese onto her salad.凯尔西总是把奶酪磨碎，放在沙拉上。grate [sth] vtr (teeth: grind) (牙齿相互摩擦出声)磨（牙），咬牙切齿； (表现愤怒)切齿，牙痒痒Jenna always grates her teeth together when she's mad.生气的时候，珍娜总是咬牙切齿。be grateful for [sth/sb] adj + prep (feel thankful)对…充满感激She was grateful for the gift.收到礼物她很感激。gravitate to [sb/sth], gravitate toward [sth/sb], gravitate towards [sth/sb] vi + prep figurative (be drawn or attracted)被吸引Many people gravitate to Chris because of his charisma. Crocodiles naturally gravitate towards water.许多人被克里斯吸引，因为他很有魅力。鳄鱼天生与水亲近。gravitate toward [sth], gravitate towards [sth] vi + prep (be affected by gravity)受重力吸引；受引力作用The planets in the Solar System gravitate towards the Sun.graze [sth/sb] vtr (scrape skin)擦破（皮肤）；擦伤The bullet grazed his cheek.子弹擦破了他的脸颊。graze [sth] vtr (scrape)擦；刮Jim grazed a mailbox as he rode by on his bicycle and almost fell.吉姆骑车时擦到路旁的一个邮筒，差点害他跌倒。grease [sth] vtr (machine: lubricate)上润滑油；使润滑John greased the bike chain on his old bicycle.约翰给他的旧自行车上了润滑油。grease [sth] vtr (dish: smear with butter, oil) (菜、食品)给…涂黄油，给…抹上油If you grease the tin with butter, the cake won't stick to it.如果你给罐子抹上黄油，蛋糕就不会黏在上面了。grease the wheels of [sth] (US), oil the wheels of [sth] (UK) v expr (make [sth] go more smoothly)使某事顺利进行great at (doing) [sth] adj informal (expert)精通的；擅长的；精于…的She's great at crosswords.她擅于玩纵横字迷。green [sth] vtr (make green)使变绿；绿化Years of rain had greened the church roof.green [sth] vtr (plant vegetation, trees, etc.)种植；栽种green-light [sth] vtr figurative (authorize)给…开绿灯；准许；许可The Federal Aviation Administration has green-lighted a request to extend the airport runway.greet [sb/sth] vtr often passive (react to)给予...反应，对…作出反应The teacher's questions were greeted by confused silence from her students.老师的问题把学生搞糊涂了，学生们都沉默以对。grenade [sth] vtr (attack with grenade)用手榴弹攻击The soldiesr grenaded the trench before advancing.griddle [sth] vtr (cook on a griddle)用平底锅烹调Tilly griddled the fritters for brunch.蒂莉煎油炸馅饼作为早午餐。grieve [sth] vtr (mourn)为...悲伤，为...心痛；为…哀悼George is grieving the death of his beloved dog.乔治正在为爱犬的死哀悼。grieve for [sth] vi + prep (mourn the loss of [sth])哀悼；缅怀The couple are grieving for the loss of their child.grieve over [sth/sb] vi + prep (mourn [sb]'s death)对...表示哀悼；对...表示悼念A year on, Fred is still grieving over the loss of his wife.一年过去了，弗雷德仍哀悼着亡妻，沉浸在丧妻之痛中。grieve [sb] to do [sth] v expr formal (cause [sb] sorrow)做…使…痛心（悲伤）It grieves me to tell you this terrible news.告诉你这个可怕的坏消息，使我十分痛心。grill [sth] vtr US (cook directly over heat source)烤；烧烤Joe liked to invite his friends over to grill steaks, drink, and relax in his backyard.乔喜欢邀请朋友来他的后院烤牛排、喝酒、放松。grill [sth] vtr UK (broil: cook directly under heat source) (食物)烧，烤Grill the tuna steaks on a high heat so that the skin sears.在高温下烤金枪鱼排，这样一来它的表皮才会焦掉。grin at [sb/sth] vi + prep (smile broadly at)对…咧嘴笑After I tripped on the stairs, I noticed a really cute boy grinning at me.在楼梯上绊了一跤过后，我注意到一个很可爱的小男孩正对着我大笑。grind [sth] vtr (pulverize)把…碾碎；把…咬碎The old windmill was used to grind wheat back in the 19th century.早在19世纪，这座古老的风车便用来磨小麦。grind [sth] vtr US (meat: turn to mince)研磨；磨碎Maggie ground meat for the burgers while Tom fired up the grill.汤姆为烤架点火的时候，玛姬将肉磨碎做汉堡肉。grind [sth] vtr (operate using a crank)摇动手柄操作The old man grinds the organ and his monkey dances.这位老人演奏风琴，他的猴子跟着跳舞。grind through [sth] vi + prep (wear by abrasion)把…磨断Jeff used power tools to grind through the lock on his shed.杰夫用电动工具磨断了他小屋的锁。grind [sth] vtr (shape by friction)磨光；打磨Fred worked at the eye doctor's office and ground lenses for a living.弗雷德在眼科医生诊所工作，靠打磨镜片为生。grind [sth] vtr (knife, blade: sharpen)将…磨锋利；把…磨尖The chef uses a whetstone to grind his kitchen knives.厨师用磨刀石磨自己的厨房用刀。grip [sth/sb] vtr (grasp, hold)紧抓；紧握Anna gripped the racket tightly as she stepped on the tennis court.当安娜踏上网球场时，她紧紧地握住了球拍。grip, grip on [sth] n figurative (sanity)健全的心智；理智It was too much for John, and he felt that he was beginning to lose his grip.这真不是约翰能承受得了的，他觉得自己在开始失控。gripe about [sth] vi + prep informal (complain about)抱怨The students are always griping about the amount of homework they receive.grit [sth] vtr UK (spread grit on [sth])在…上铺沙砾A lorry gritted the roads in preparation for the icy weather.卡车在路面上铺上砂砾，以应付结冰的天气。grit your teeth and do [sth] v expr figurative (endure [sth])咬紧牙关忍住（愤怒等）Bill had no choice but to grit his teeth and put up with the situation.groan [sth], groan that vtr (say with a groan)呻吟道；哼着说'Not another red light!' the driver groaned.groom [sth] vtr (clean an animal)刷洗；梳洗The stable worker groomed the horse after her ride.马厩的工作人员在她骑行过后为马匹进行梳洗。groom [sth/sb] vtr (person: brush hair)梳理（头发等）；梳妆打扮；打扮While Fred groomed his beard, Jane got dressed.当弗雷德梳理自己胡子的时候，简穿好了衣服。groom [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep figurative (prepare: [sb] for [sth])使…为…做好准备The manager groomed Jeff for the sales position.这名经理使杰夫为销售一职做好准备。groove [sth] vtr (make a groove)在…上开出沟，在…上开出槽Dan used a file to groove the wood.丹用锉刀在木头上开出沟槽。groove to [sth], groove on [sth] vi + prep figurative, dated, slang (enjoy: music, etc.)享受The teenager walked down the street, grooving to the beat of whatever was playing on his mp3 player.这个少年一边走在街上，一边享受着他MP3里播放的音乐。groove on [sth] vi + prep slang, dated (enjoy, appreciate)享受When a hippie sees someone dancing with abandon he will often voice his approval by shouting, "Groove on, brother!".groove to [sth] vi + prep slang, dated (enjoy: music) (过时，俚语)享受；聆听grope for [sth] vi + prep figurative (struggle to find)极力寻找；努力思索He's too ... oh, what's the word I'm groping for?他太过...啊，我极力寻找的那个词是什么来着？grope for [sth] vi + prep (try to find by touch)摸索He groped for the matches in the dark so he could light the candle.grope for [sth] vi + prep figurative (struggle to recall)搜寻，探求；绞尽脑汁寻找He groped for the right words to express his feelings.gross [sth] vtr (earn)获得…毛利；赚…总收入They expect to gross over a million dollars.ground [sth] on [sth], ground [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep often passive (base on)基于…得到, 基于…形成The plot of this novel might seem far-fetched, but the author grounded it in fact.这部小说的情节看似牵强，但作者却是基于事实创作的。ground [sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (educate)教授；指导The tennis pro grounded his students in the basics.这位专业网球运动员给自己的学生打好了坚实的基础。ground [sth] in [sth] vtr often passive (base)建立在…的基础之上；以…为根据His argument was grounded in his belief in God.ground [sth] vtr (prevent from flying)使停飞；使无法起飞The plane was grounded because of mechanical problems.ground [sth] vtr US (electricity: connect earth wire) (电器)将…接地This connection grounds the device to keep it from shocking you.ground [sth] vtr often passive (strand)使搁浅；使滞留The ship was grounded on a desert island.那艘船在荒岛上搁浅了。ground [sth] vtr (American football: throw to the ground) (橄榄球)扔地滚球The quarterback grounded the ball to stop the play.grounded in [sth], grounded on [sth] adj + prep (based, founded)有基础的；有根据的This fictional story is actually grounded in fact.这个虚构的故事实际上是有现实基础的。group [sth], group [sth] by [sth] vtr (classify)将…分类；将…归类I am going to group my socks by colour.我打算按颜色给我的袜子分类。group [sth/sb] vtr (form into groups)将...分成小组The teacher grouped the students by ability.老师按能力给学生分组。group [sth] together, group [sth] and [sth] together vtr + adv figurative (class in same category) (比喻)把…归于一类Rabbits and hares are often grouped together in wildlife books.grouse about [sth] vi + prep informal (complain about)对…牢骚不已；抱怨；埋怨Jackson is always grousing about his wife nagging him.grout [sth] vtr (coat with grout)用水泥浆抹The bathroom remodel is nearly finished, but we still need to grout the tiles.浴室的改建即将完成，但我们还需要用水泥铺瓷砖。grow from [sth] vi + prep (develop, arise)使…发展；生长The business grew from a small family firm to a multimillion pound business.该企业从一家小型家族企业发展成为价值数百万英镑的大公司。grow [sth] vtr (cultivate) (植物)种植, 栽种； (动物)养殖, 饲养They grow a lot of wheat in this region.这个地区栽种了很多小麦。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 他们家养了很多小牛。grow [sth] vtr (facial hair) (胡子等)留；蓄胡He's growing a beard.他正在留胡子。grow to do [sth] vi + prep (feel after time)慢慢开始；逐渐开始He grew to appreciate her presence.他慢慢开始欣赏她的存在。grow [sth] vtr (business: develop) (生意)发展；扩展Social networking can help you to grow your business.社交能帮助你拓展业务。grow on [sth] vi + prep (plant: growth habit) (植物)长在，生长在According to folklore, moss grows on the north side of trees.根据民间的说法，苔藓总是长在树木的北侧。grow over [sth] vi + prep (grow across [sth])在…上长满Ivy grew all over the building's façade.grow fond of [sb/sth] v expr (come to like)喜欢…My sister-in-law and I didn't get along well at first, but now we have grown quite fond of one another.grow to like [sth/sb] v expr (appreciate after time)慢慢喜欢；逐渐爱上Mangoes didn't appeal to me at first, but I've grown to like them.grow weary of [sth/sb] vi + adj (become tired)疲倦；厌倦，厌烦；厌倦；厌烦I grew weary of my ex-boyfriend's constant criticism, so I dumped him.growl at [sb/sth] vi + prep (animal: snarl at) (动物)对着…吼叫，对着…咆哮The lion in the cage growled at the tourists.笼子里的狮子对着游客们咆哮。growl [sth] vtr (direct speech: say grumpily)没好气地说；咆哮着说；怒吼"I don't want any coffee," the man growled.“我不想喝什么咖啡！”男人没好气地说道。grub [sth] vtr (dig)挖；掘The farmer had to grub a few stumps to clear off his new field.为了清理新田，农夫不得不挖出几根树桩。grub [sth] vtr slang (scrounge)缠着乞讨Amy grubbed a cigarette from a friend because she ran out.艾米向朋友讨了一支烟，因为她自己没烟了。grub [sth] up, grub up [sth], grub [sth] out, grub out [sth] vtr + adv (dig from the ground)掘出；挖出grudge [sb] [sth] vtr (resent)因…怨恨…，因…对…不满My brother, whose business has folded, really grudges me my success. Jamie grudged her best friend every date she went on where she had to spend the evening alone.由于自己的生意倒闭，哥哥对我的成功很不满。由于最好的朋友每次约会时，自己就只能独自度过漫漫长夜，所以洁咪对好友很是不满。grudge [sth] vtr (be resentful about)勉强同意；不情愿地做；忿忿不平The bored housewife grudged every hour she spent cleaning and cooking.那名厌倦了一切的家庭主妇，对自己清扫和烹饪的每分每秒都感到忿忿不平。grunt [sth] vtr (say)嘟囔着说，咕哝着说Alex asked his friend if he wanted to go to the bar, and he grunted his approval.亚历克斯问朋友想不想去酒吧，对方咕哝着说同意。guarantee [sth], guaranty [sth] vtr (with object: promise)保证；承诺The new law guarantees free school meals to all children under five.新法律保证所有五岁以下儿童都享有免费校餐。guarantee [sb] [sth], guaranty [sb] [sth] vtr (with object: promise [sb])就...向...保证，就...向...确保The deposit guarantees you a place on the course.这笔押金可以确保您能就读该课程。guarantee [sth], guaranty [sth] vtr (product)保证；担保The store guaranteed the phone for one year.这家商店为这款手机保修一年。guard [sth/sb] vtr (protect)守卫；保护；守卫The dog guarded the backyard.狗守卫着后院。guard against [sth/sb] vi + prep (be cautious)小心；警惕The travel agent had warned Beth to guard against pickpockets when she traveled abroad.那位旅游代理警告贝丝，要她出国旅游的时候小心扒手。guess [sth] vtr (find by guessing)猜中；猜出He finally guessed the correct number of sweets in the jar.他终于猜出了罐中糖果的正确个数。guess [sth] vtr (estimate without knowledge)推测；猜测I guess that there are fifty people in the room.guess [sth] vtr (suppose)猜测；猜想；认为I guess he wants to go camping, but I'm not sure.guesstimate [sth] n informal (educated guess) (非正式用语)依推测得出的估计guesstimate [sth] vtr informal (make an educated guess) (非正式用语)约摸估计…，估摸，猜测guilty of [sth] adj + prep (responsible for a crime, etc.)犯了…罪Bob may be a thief, but I don't believe he is guilty of murder.鲍勃可能是个小偷，不过我不相信他犯了杀人罪。guilty of doing [sth] expr (culpable)因…该受责备，犯了…的错误He was guilty of misleading his co-workers about his intentions.他因为在自己的意图上误导了同事而应该受责备。gull [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (fool [sb] into doing)欺骗；欺诈Mandy's coworker gulled her into doing the whole task by herself.gulp [sth] vtr (food, drink: swallow)狼吞虎咽；快速吞咽Bobby nervously gulped his beer.博比紧张地将啤酒一饮而尽。gulp [sth] vtr (air: breathe in)大口吸The diver came to the surface of the water after several moments and gulped the air.gulp [sth] down vtr + adv (food, drink: swallow quickly)灌下，大口喝下；狼吞虎咽地吃I was so thirsty that I opened the fridge and started gulping down milk straight from the carton.gulp [sth] down vtr + adv (air: breathe in)大口吸（气）Avoid gulping down air with your food, and make sure you chew each mouthful thoroughly.gum [sth] vtr (chew with the gums)用牙床嚼；用牙龈咬The baby dribbled as he gummed his teething biscuit.小宝宝一边用牙床嚼着磨牙饼干，一边流着口水。gun [sth] vtr (race engine)使加速，加大油门He gunned the motor and raced away.他加大油门离开了。be gunning for [sth] v expr informal (seek to obtain [sth])为了得到；为了达到（某个目的）She stays late every day because she's gunning for a raise.gush over [sth] vi + prep (liquid: flood over [sth])喷涌When the dam broke, water gushed over the valley below.gut [sth] vtr (animal: remove intestines)去除...的内脏Kelly gutted the fish she had just caught.凯丽去除了自己才捕到的鱼的内脏。gut [sth] vtr figurative, often passive (building: destroy interior) (建筑内部)毁坏，摧毁The fire gutted the whole apartment building.大火摧毁了整个公寓楼的内部。gut [sth] vtr figurative, informal (remove essential parts) (重点、要素等)抽出，移动，调走The city had gutted the department that enforces building codes, and the fire was a result.该市裁撤了落实建筑规范的部门，结果造成了这次火灾。guy [sth] vtr (secure with guys) (用绳索)固定住，稳固住James failed to guy the tent securely and it blew away.guzzle [sth] vtr (eat or drink greedily)狂吃；狂饮After running the race, Timothy guzzled the cool lemonade.跑完比赛后，蒂莫西大口大口地喝着冰凉的柠檬水。guzzle [sth] vtr informal, figurative (consume, use up rapidly)快速用尽；在短时间内耗光Matt's car guzzles gas; it must cost him a lot of money.马特的车很耗油，肯定很费钱。habilitate [sth] vtr (equip: mine) (煤矿)提供某物habituate [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep formal (accustom: to [sth])使…习惯于；对…习惯The animal trainer was working to habituate wild horses to people.驯兽师正在努力让野马习惯于与人相处。hack [sth], hack [sb] vtr (cut with an axe)砍；猛劈The butcher hacked the meat in the back while his wife managed the store in the front.妻子在前面管店，屠夫在后边砍肉。hack [sth] vtr (access without authorization) (计算机)（私自）存取数据等，非法侵入（他人计算机系统）Someone hacked our servers last night.昨晚有人非法侵入了我们的服务器。hack into [sth] vi + prep (access illegally) (计算机)非法侵入He was tried and convicted of hacking into the CIA central database.Anyone who tries to hack into a government site is in big trouble.他曾因入侵中央情报局的数据库而被审判定罪。 // 任何试图非法侵入政府网站的人都会有大麻烦。hack [sth] vtr informal, figurative (produce hastily, roughly)粗制滥造；胡乱拼凑The deadline was approaching fast, so Kelly just hacked something out and handed it in.hack [sth] vtr (cope, tolerate)应付；处理；应对Dan couldn't hack the workload at his new job, so he got fired.hack [sth] away vtr + adv (remove [sth] by chopping)劈下；砍下Bob hacked away the ivy that was covering the wall.hackney [sth] vtr (turn [sth] into a cliché)使成为陈词滥调haggle over [sth] vi + prep (bargain for [sth])讨价还价The buyer and seller were haggling over the price of the house for a week.hail [sth] vtr (taxi) (向出租车等)招呼, 招手停车I hailed a taxi to get home because I drank too much.我叫了一辆出租车回家，因为我喝得太多了。hail [sth/sb] vtr (acknowledge positively)欢迎；迎候；迎接The farmers hailed news of the coming rain with delight.hail [sb/sth] as [sth] vtr + prep (acknowledge as)认为…是This latest piece of technology is being hailed as the answer to all our problems.这项最新技术被誉为我们所有问题的答案。half of [sth/sb] adj + prep (50 per cent)约为半数的；大约一半的Half of the people agree with me.半数人与我意见一致。half [sth/sb] adj (about 50 per cent)一半的；半数的Half the audience applauded, the other half booed.一半的观众掌声不断，另一半的观众则一片嘘声。a half of [sth], half a [sth] n UK, informal (beer, cider: half a pint)半品脱…酒Landlord, I'll have a half of lager, please.老板，请给我来半品脱啤酒。half cock [sth], half-cock [sth] vtr (set gun hammer)半待击；将...设置成半待击状态half-volley [sth] vtr (tennis: return after bounce) (网球术语)半截击hallmark [sth] vtr (stamp [sth] with a hallmark) (优质，正品)给…盖上标记The silversmith hallmarked the spoon using a punch.银器匠使用冲压机给那把勺子盖上标记。halloo [sth] vtr (call to hunting dogs) (猎犬)向…呼喊hallow [sth] vtr (make holy)使神圣The ceremony is intended to hallow the ground near the church.这个仪式是为了让教堂附近的土地变得神圣。hallow [sth] vtr (consider holy)把…视为神圣The Lord's Prayer begins: "Our Father who art in Heaven, hallowed be Thy name".主祷文的开头是：“我们的天父，愿人都尊你的名为圣。”hallucinate [sth] vtr (see: [sth] not there)使产生幻觉Alan hallucinated a giant purple rabbit.halo [sb/sth] vtr (surround with halo)晕状物围绕着；光环围绕着halt [sth] vtr (stop)停止，终止，叫停；打断Management halted the project when the money ran out.当资金耗尽时，管理层叫停了该项目。halve [sth] vtr (decrease [sth] by half)使减少一半，把…缩减一半We need to halve the amount we spend on food.我们在食物上的支出需要缩减一半。halve [sth] vtr (divide in half)把…分为两半Halve the dough and let it rise in a warm place.把面团分成两半，在温暖处发酵。hammer [sth] vtr (hit with a hammer)用锤子敲；用榔头砸Ron hammered the nails into the board.罗恩用锤子把钉子钉在板子上。hammer [sth] into [sb] vtr + prep figurative (repeat or instill forcefully)强力灌输；大力灌输Jon's mother tried very hard to hammer good manners into him during his childhood.母亲在乔恩童年时期非常努力地向他灌输良好的行为举止。hammer [sth] vtr (use a hammer)用锤子锤；用锤子敲The smith hammered the horseshoe into shape.铁匠用锤子将铁块锤成马蹄铁的形状。hammer [sth] down, hammer down [sth] vtr + adv (nail, etc.: insert using hammer) (钉子等)用锤子敲，用锤子砸hammer [sth] down, hammer down [sth] vtr + adv figurative (plan: fix) (计划)确定，决定Before we buy the materials, let's hammer down a work schedule.hamper [sth] vtr (slow progress of sthg)阻挠，妨碍Irene's petty coworker tried his best to hamper progress on her project.艾琳的同事心胸狭隘，竭力阻挠她的项目取得进展。hamper [sth] vtr (slow, damper)妨碍；束缚The horse's vision was hampered by the blinders on its head.马的视野受到头部眼罩的妨碍。hamstring [sb/sth] vtr (cut leg tendons of)切断腿筋；切开腿筋hamstring [sb/sth] vtr figurative (make ineffective)使无作用, 使无能力Excessive ordinances seem to be hamstringing the neighborhood's development.过多的法令似乎阻碍了这个社区的发展。hand [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (pass, give: [sth] to [sb])把…递给；把…拿给Please hand this form to your parents.请把这张表格拿给你的父母。hand [sb] [sth] vtr (pass, give: [sb] [sth])传递；交给Could you hand me that pen, please?帮我递一下那支钢笔，好吗？hand in glove with [sb/sth], also US: hand and glove with [sb/sth] adj + prep figurative (in partnership)与...密切合作的Organized crime bosses worked hand in glove with the construction industry.hand [sth] over to [sb] v expr (object: give, relinquish to [sb])把…交给Jackson claimed that he had intended to hand the gun over to the police the next day.杰克逊称他原打算第二天把枪交给警察。hand [sth/sb] over to [sb], hand over [sth/sb] to [sb] v expr figurative (territory, child: surrender to [sb])把…移交Spain agreed to hand over the territory to Morocco.西班牙同意将这片领土移交给摩洛哥。hand-wash [sth], handwash [sth] vtr (wash by hand)手洗；用手洗hand-feed [sth] vtr (animal: feed by hand) (动物)人工喂养handcraft [sth] vtr (make by hand)手工制作The artisan handcrafts wooden children's toys.a handful of [sth] n (quantity of [sth] in one hand)一把的量；一握的量Tim grabbed a handful of peanuts at the bar while he waited for his drink.当提姆在酒吧等自己的酒时，他抓了一把花生。a handful of [sth/sb] n figurative (a few)少量，少数Only a handful of people volunteered for the project.只有少数人自愿参与该项目。handicap [sb/sth] vtr (disadvantage)给…设置不利条件；制造障碍The opposing team tried to handicap our best player.对方球队试图阻碍我们最好的选手。handicap [sth] vtr US (sport: try to predict winner) (体育)差点预测；预测胜方handicap [sth] vtr US (assess likelihood of)评估；评测handle [sth] vtr (deal with: physically)搬运；搬动Can you handle all the plates, or should I help you?你能搬运所有盘子吗，还是我来帮你？handle [sth] vtr (hold)拿；拿住Don't handle that vase. You might drop it.不要去动那个花瓶，省得打碎了。handle [sth] vtr (feel, touch)触；摸I like to handle a fabric for some time before I buy it.在购买布料之前，我一般先要好好摸一摸。handle [sth/sb] vtr figurative (deal with)处理；操纵；管理She handled all the finances for the family.她管理家庭的全部财务。handle [sth], handle doing [sth] vtr (cope with)应付；处理He couldn't handle the emotional effect of his father's death.他在感情上应付不了自己父亲的死。handle [sth] vtr (trade, deal in)买卖；经销This shop only handles designer furniture.这家商店只经销设计师家具。handle [sth] vtr (cover subject matter) (指某主题)涉及；包含This magazine handles current issues in education.handle [sth] vtr (respond to)应对；处理；响应The politician handled the difficult question by not answering it.handle [sth] with care v expr (treat carefully)小心轻放...That's a very old vase; handle it with care.handle [sth/sb] with kid gloves, treat [sth/sb] with kid gloves v expr figurative (grant special treatment to)小心处理；温和对待He's having a rough day so you'd better handle him with kid gloves.handpick [sb/sth], hand-pick [sb/sth] vtr (select personally)亲自挑选；细心挑选The manager handpicked Charlotte for the position because of her extensive experience.handsel [sth], hansel [sth] vtr UK, dialectical (give gift to)给…送贺礼handsel [sth], hansel [sth] vtr UK, dialectical (be first to use) (方言)首先使用；率先使用handset [sth] vtr (set by hand)手工设置The artist still handsets wooden type and uses an old printing press.handy with [sth] adj (person: skilled at [sth])善于使用；对...得心应手Jeff is handy with a paintbrush, and sells his paintings online.杰夫善于绘画，并在网上贩卖自己的作品。handy at [sth] prep informal (skilled)擅长…；善于做…Steve has always been handy at car mechanics.handy at doing [sth] prep informal (skilled)擅长做...的He is handy at fixing broken electric motors.hang [sth] from/off [sth] vtr + prep (suspend from a fixed point)悬挂，吊Let's hang that plant from a hook in the ceiling.我们把那盆植物吊在天花板的挂钩上吧。hang [sth] on/from [sth] vtr + prep (fasten to wall, etc.)把…固定在（墙）上；把...挂在...上What do you think about hanging the mirror on that wall?把镜子挂在那面墙上，你觉得如何？hang [sth] vtr (painting: display)悬挂展出；公开展览The curators hung the Dalí paintings at the museum.策展人在博物馆中挂起了达利的画。hang [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (adorn, decorate)把...挂在...上；用...装饰Hang the Christmas tree with glass baubles.用那些玻璃挂饰装饰圣诞树。hang over [sth] vi + prep (hover, dangle)悬浮在…之上The fog hung over the town all morning.整个上午，薄雾都悬浮在小镇上空。hang [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep US, colloquial (attach)将...贴上；给...附上；给...加上The government hung a tax provision on the housing bill.hang [sth] vtr (suspend with hinges)吊着；吊起；挂住The carpenters hung the door on its hinges.hang [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep figurative, informal (punish) (指惩罚)因...惩罚某人；因...绞死某人The opposition is going to hang that politician for his actions.hang for [sth] vi + prep figurative, informal (pay a price, be punished)因…受惩罚If I damage my mum's car, I'll hang for it.如果我弄坏了我妈的车，我将受到惩罚。hang on [sth] vi + prep figurative (attend closely)仔细倾听The speech was so interesting that the audience was hanging on every word.She idolises him, and hangs on his every word.这场演讲很有趣，每一个字听众都听得很认真。//她非常崇拜他，仔细聆听他说的每个字。hang on [sth/sb] vi + prep (depend)取决于I don't know if we will be able to fly today, it all hangs on the weather.我不知道我们今天是否能起飞，这一切都取决于天气状况。hang on [sth/sb] doing [sth] v expr (depend)取决于The player's hopes of taking the Wimbledon title hang on him winning this final set.这位选手能否赢得温布尔登赛冠军取决于他能否拿下最后一盘比赛。hang [sth] to dry v expr (suspend [sth] wet until it dries)悬挂晾干；自然晾干I'll hang my towel to dry in the sun.hanker for [sth], hanker after [sth] vi + prep (yearn for [sth])渴望；渴求Micah has been hankering after a blueberry bagel all day.hankering, hankering for [sth] n (longing, yearning)渴望；渴求Amy has a hankering for a milkshake.艾米很想喝杯奶昔。happen to [sb/sth] vi + prep (become of)…怎么了What happened to that book I lent you?我借你的那本书怎么了？happen to do [sth] v expr (chance to)正好做某事, 碰巧做某事Did you happen to see my keys?你有没有碰巧看到我的钥匙？happy about [sth] adj + prep (pleased about)因…高兴，为…高兴；值得高兴I have so many things in my life to be happy about.我生命中有许多值得高兴的事。happy with [sth] adj + prep (satisfied)对…满意I'm happy with your work so far.我对你截止目前为止的工作很满意。happy about [sth] adj + prep (content with)对…满意备注: Often used in negative sentences.Emily was far from happy about the changes at work.艾米丽对工作上的变故一点都不满意。happy to do [sth] expr (willing to do)乐于做某事；乐意做某事If you're hungry, I'm happy to fix you a snack.如果你饿了，我很乐意为你准备一份零食。harbor [sth] (US), harbour [sth] (UK) vtr (emotion: carry, feel) (感情、情绪)带有，怀有I think you're harboring a secret crush on my cousin.我觉得你心里暗恋我堂妹。hard to do [sth] expr (difficult to do)很难；非常艰难This book is hard to understand.hard on [sth], hard upon [sth] adv + prep (near, coming up to)靠近地；接近地；紧跟着It was hard upon nightfall when they arrived.他们到达时天都快黑了。be hard put to do [sth] v expr (have difficulty doing [sth])难以做某事be hard-pressed to do [sth], be hard pressed to do [sth], also US: be hardpressed to do [sth] v expr (finding [sth] difficult)难以做到某事；很难做某事I would be hard-pressed to tell you the capital of Azerbaijan if you asked me.你要问我阿塞拜疆的首都是哪里，我很难说上来。be hard-pushed to do [sth] v expr (find it difficult to do [sth])境况不佳的，处于困境的harden [sth] vtr (make hard)使变硬；使坚强；使坚定The smith hardened the steel by adding carbon.铁匠通过加碳来让钢变硬。harden [sb] to [sth] vtr figurative (desensitize to [sth])使...对...麻木；使...对...感觉迟钝Working as a paramedic for thirty years didn't harden Josh to witnessing pain and death.hardly expect [sth] adv + vtr (unreasonable to anticipate)别指望；不要期望备注: often preceded by "can"One can hardly expect to see a vaccine being produced before the month is out.hardwire [sth], hard-wire [sth] vtr (circuit: connect directly)线接hardwire [sth] into [sb], hard-wire [sth] into [sb] vtr + prep figurative, often passive (inculcate)灌输...给某人；教诲harm [sth] vtr (damage)损害, 危害The fire in the garage didn't harm the house.车库里发生的火灾没有损害到房子。harm [sth] vtr figurative (damage conceptually)削弱, 损害He harmed his own argument by admitting that he often did the opposite.他承认自己经常做与其论点相反的事，这削弱了他的论证。harmonize [sth], also UK: harmonise [sth] vtr figurative (colors: match)配色和谐I am trying to pick colors to harmonize the curtains and the furniture.我正在尝试挑选颜色，让窗帘和家具的颜色搭配和谐。harmonize [sth], also UK: harmonise [sth] vtr (music: make harmonious)配和声I'm learning how to harmonize scales in my guitar class.harmonize [sth], also UK: harmonise [sth] vtr figurative (bring into agreement)协调The firm is trying to harmonize the desires of all their clients.harmonize with [sth], also UK: harmonise with [sth] vi + prep (sound: accord with [sth]) (声音)与…搭配和谐His voice harmonizes with hers very nicely.harmonize with [sth], also UK: harmonise with [sth] vi + prep figurative (color: go well with [sth]) (颜色)与…协调，与…相匹配The blue and purple flowers in the display harmonize with the silvery foliage.harness [sth] vtr figurative (use the power of [sth]) (力量等)控制；利用The new waterworks harnessed the power of the river to bring electricity to the town.新的自来水厂利用这条河的水能，为城镇供电。harness [sth] vtr (horse: put harness on)给...套上马具The farmer harnessed his horses ready to plough the field.农夫给马儿套上马具，做好犁地的准备。harpoon [sth] vtr (spear with a harpoon)用捕鲸叉刺The fisherman tried to harpoon the whale, but it escaped.渔夫试图用鱼叉捕获鲸鱼，但它逃走了。harry [sb/sth] vtr (attack repeatedly)反复攻击；持续进攻The invading army harried the outskirts of the kingdom for months before laying siege to the castle.harvest [sth] vtr (farming)收割；收获The farmer harvested his wheat fields early this year.今年那位农民早早地就收割了麦田。harvest [sth] vtr (body: organs) (人体器官)摘取The police arrested a gang that had been harvesting the organs of vulnerable people.警方拘捕了一个摘取弱势群体器官的犯罪团伙。harvest [sth] vtr (animals)（通过宰杀动物）收获；获得Big agriculture companies harvested millions of tons of beef last year.去年，大型农业公司收获了数百万吨牛肉。harvest [sth] vtr (information)收获；取得；得到The researcher harvested huge amounts of data from thousands of test subjects.该研究人员从数千名受试者身上收获了巨量数据。hash [sth] vtr (mince, chop)切碎；剁碎The cook hashed some potatoes for breakfast.厨师切碎了一些土豆，为制作早餐备用。a hash of [sth] n figurative (jumble)乱七八糟的一堆；杂乱无章的一团the hassle of [sth] n (trouble of, bother of)费力去，劳神去Why go to the hassle of baking your own bread when there's a great bakery just across the street.街对面就有一家很棒的面包店，为什么还要亲自劳神费力地烤面包呢？hasten to do [sth] v expr (hurry)急忙做，赶紧做，赶忙做Jenna hastened to finish her work.珍娜赶忙完成自己的工作。hasten [sth] vtr (make come sooner)使…快点到来，使…加速到来Rachel was so eager for her birthday that she went to bed at 8 to hasten the arrival of her special day.雷切尔殷切盼望着自己的生日，所以8点就上床睡觉，好让这个特殊的日子快点来临。hatch [sth] vtr (hen)孵（卵）；孵化The hen didn't eat much while she was hatching her eggs.当母鸡孵蛋时，不会进食太多。hatchet [sb/sth] vtr (attack with a hatchet)以小斧头砍The killer hatcheted his victim in the woods.凶手在树林里用小斧头砍死了受害者。hate [sth/sb] vtr (detest) (某事物)讨厌, 厌恶, 憎恶； (某人)憎恨, 憎恶, 仇视I hate that film because it's so violent.我讨厌那部电影，太暴力了。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 他老欺负我，我恨他。hate to do [sth] v expr (be unwilling)不愿意做某事，不情愿做某事，不想做某事I hate to have to tell you this, but she's gone.我真不愿意告诉你，但她已经走了。hate-read [sth] vtr informal (read [sth] to mock, etc.) (带着仇恨情绪阅读)嘲讽式阅读hate-watch [sth] vtr informal (watch [sth] to mock)恨看；恨剧haul [sth] vtr (pull)带；运送Paul hauled a deer that he shot to his truck.保罗将他射中的鹿带去卡车。haul [sth] vtr (transport)运输，运送Josh bought a truck so that he could make a living hauling goods.乔什买了一辆卡车，这样他就能靠运送货物为生。haul [sth/sb] in, haul in [sth/sb] vtr + adv (drag [sth] towards you)拽…，拉…haul [sth] off, haul off [sth] vtr + adv (carry [sth] away)拉走，运走I hired someone to haul off my old sofa when I bought a new one.haunt [sb/sth] vtr (by ghost) (鬼魂)缠在…身上，出现并吓唬； (鬼魂)出没于The old house had a ghost that haunted anyone who was there after midnight.这栋老房子里有鬼，半夜后留在房子里的人都会被鬼缠上。haunt [sth] vtr (frequent a place)常去；常到；时常出入The construction workers always haunted the bar on the weekends.have [sth] vtr (own)拥有；持有He has a big house and two cars.Tania has a lot of books.他有一座大房子和两辆车。//塔妮娅有很多书。have [sth] vtr (feature: possess) (拥有特质、功能或性质)具有, 有She has a very strong personality. The program has a delete button.她有很刚强的个性。该程序有一个删除按钮。have to do [sth] v expr (must) (助动词)必须, 不得不, 只好I have to finish my homework.我必须完成家庭作业。have [sth] vtr (suffer from)得；患；罹患She has the flu right now.她刚得了流感。have [sth] vtr (experience)经历；享受My sons are having an adventure in South America.我的儿子们正在南美享受冒险之旅。have [sth] vtr (mentally: have in mind)有, 怀有；懂得, 知道, 明白She has a lot of plans.她有许多计划。have [sth] vtr (obtain)获得；得到Could I have another cup of tea, please?我可以再喝一杯茶吗？have [sth] vtr (eat, drink)吃，食用；喝，饮用I had a drink and a biscuit.我喝了杯牛奶，吃了块饼干。have [sth] vtr (receive)收到；接到；拿到Have you had your exam results yet?have [sth] done vtr (arrange, cause)使；让I need to have my car fixed.我需要找人给我修车。have [sth] vtr (permit, allow)允许；容许He won't have such behaviour in his presence.have a bash at [sth], take a bash at [sth] v expr informal (try, attempt to do [sth])尝试做某事I'm not sure if I can put the shelf up, but I'll have a bash at it.have a bias against [sb/sth] v expr (be prejudiced against)对…有偏见They have a bias against assertive women.have a case of [sth] v expr (be ill)患…病Sue has a case of mild pneumonia.have a chance of [sth], have a chance of doing [sth] v expr (be able to succeed at [sth])有成功的机会We have a chance of winning if we can carry on at this rate.have a chance at [sth] v expr (have opportunity)得到…的机会Johnson has a chance at another world title.have a chance at doing [sth] v expr (have opportunity to do)有机会Audrey has a chance at getting into Harvard.have a corner on [sth] v expr idiom (own enough of to control market)独占某一行业, 垄断某种商品I tried to have a corner on the silver market by buying low priced contracts, but I failed miserably.have a feel for [sth] v expr (understand instinctively)对…有敏锐的洞察力；对…有很强的理解力She has a feel for golf.她有打高尔夫球的天赋。have a flair for [sth] v expr (be talented)在…方面有天才Laura has a flair for garden design.have a fondness for [sth] v expr (like [sth])喜爱…；钟爱…I have a fondness for chocolate chip ice cream.have a gander at [sth], take a gander at [sth] v expr slang (look at [sth])看一眼..., 瞧一瞧...have a go at [sth], have a go at doing [sth] v expr informal (try)跃跃欲试Harry was having a go at solving the crossword puzzle.哈利正在尝试解开纵横字谜。have a good knowledge of [sth] v expr (be informed about)对…非常了解Taxi drivers have to have a good knowledge of all the local streets.have a good mind to do [sth] v expr informal (be tempted, inclined to do)想要做某事；倾向于做某事have a good shot at [sth], have a good shot at doing [sth] v expr (likely chance) (如达到目标等)很有可能I have a good shot at winning the scholarship this year.have a grasp of [sth] v expr (understand)理解；对...有把握have a hand in [sth] v expr informal (be involved)与…有关；牵涉在…内Wilson scored one goal and had a hand in two others.have a hand in doing [sth] v expr informal (be involved)参与...Gwyneth had a hand in persuading Celia to change her mind.have a handle on [sth] v expr (have a firm understanding)深刻理解；扎实理解Now I have a handle on what I'm doing, I think I should be able to get through the project fairly quickly.have a hard time doing [sth] v expr informal (find difficult)做...很难We're having a hard time picking a suitable slogan for our marketing campaign.have a history of [sth], have a history of doing [sth] v expr (be known to have done [sth])有…的历史，有…的经历；做过have a history of [sth] v expr (medical problem)有…病史，有…史have a hold on [sth] v expr (grasp firmly)紧紧抓住Sally had a hold on the horse's reins.have a hold on [sth] v expr (account: be blocked) (支票、账户等)暂时冻结Any check I deposit has a hold on it for 7 days.have a hunch that, have a hunch [sth] v expr informal (suspect, sense)直觉…；预感到…I have a hunch that the show will be cancelled; they haven't sold many tickets.have a job doing [sth] v expr slang (experience difficulty: doing [sth]) (俚语)做某事很困难，很吃力You'll have a job convincing him to give you a raise.have a knack for doing [sth], have the knack for doing [sth], have a knack of doing [sth] v expr (have a talent, skill for [sth])在…方面有技巧；在…方面有天赋Carly has a knack for solving impossible problems.have a knack of doing [sth] v expr ironic (have a tendency to do [sth]) (讽刺)有…的本事My brother has a knack of annoying people.have a look at [sth/sb] v expr (look at)看一眼；看一看These family photos are great. Have a look.这些家庭照拍得太好了。快来看看。have a look at [sth/sb] v expr (examine, inspect)检查Let the doctor have a look at your rash.让医生检查一下你的皮疹。have a lot to do with [sth] v expr (be due to)与…大有干系His success has a lot to do with his father's business connections.have a mind to do [sth] v expr (think about doing)想要做某事I have a mind to tell your parents about what you've been doing.have a nose for [sth] n figurative (have instinctive ability to detect [sth])对…有灵敏的嗅觉；对…嗅觉灵敏He has a nose for good books.他对好书有敏锐的嗅觉。have a part in [sth] v expr (be partly responsible)参与表演；出演（戏剧；电影等）Lewis denied having a part in the attempted murder.have a picture of [sb/sth] v expr figurative (visualize)有…的照片The architect had a picture in his mind of what the finished building would look like.have a premonition of [sth] v expr (foresee [sth])有（不详的）预感Miguel had a premonition of the earthquake the day before it happened.have a quick dip into [sth] v expr figurative (experience briefly)快速地体验一把I had a quick dip into Zen Buddhism when I was about eighteen years old.have a right to [sth] v expr (be entitled to [sth])有权做某事；有权拥有某物You have a right to representation by a lawyer.I'm going to say whatever I want to; I have a right to free speech.你有权请律师为自己辩护。我想说什么就说什么，我有言论自由。have a right to do [sth], have the right to do [sth] v expr (be entitled to do [sth])有权利做某事have a run-in with [sb/sth] v expr informal (quarrel with)与…争吵；与…争执I had a run-in with my brother yesterday over whose turn it was to borrow the car.have a shot at [sth] v expr informal (try)试试；尝试I'd never even seen snow but I thought I´d have a shot at snowboading on the easy slopes.have a shot at doing [sth] v expr informal (have chance)有机会You have a shot at winning the lottery.have a stake in [sth] v expr (be affected by outcome)与…利害攸关We all have a stake in the future of our country.have a talent for [sth], have a talent for doing [sth] v expr (be naturally good at)有做…的天分或才华Steve has a talent for drawing; his portraits are particularly good.have a talent for [sth], have a talent for doing [sth] v expr (be prone to)易于..., 很容易...Ellen has a real talent for getting into trouble.have a taste for [sth] v expr (like)喜欢…；爱好…I've always had a taste for the high life.have a tendency to do [sth] v expr (do [sth] habitually)倾向于；习惯于；喜欢Be careful of the dog- she has a tendency to steal food from your plate.have a thing for [sth] v expr informal (like)喜欢；钟爱I have a thing for chocolate .have a thorough knowledge of [sth] v expr (be an expert in)对…有着全面了解I have a thorough knowledge of the subject.have a vested interest in [sth] v expr (personal advantage)有利害关系；关乎切身利益I have a vested interest in that company because my son's a director.have a voice in [sth] v expr (have opinion heard)对…发表意见；提出自己的看法Everyone had a voice in the decision-making process.have a weakness for [sth/sb] vtr (be fond of)嗜好…；偏爱…Jill has a weakness for chocolate. That's why she has trouble dieting.have a whack, have a whack at [sth] v expr colloquial (make an attempt)尝试The photocopier was broken, so Linda decided to have a whack at fixing it. "Do you know how to do this?" - "No, but I'll have a whack."have a yen for [sth] v expr (desire [sth] strongly)渴望；热切期望have an account with [sth/sb] v expr (bank with)有银行账户；在…银行设有户头I have an account with Lloyds Bank.have an account with [sth/sb] v expr (for purchases) (商户)在…上开有账户，办了…的会员I have an account with the university bookshop on the High Street.have an eye for [sth] v expr informal (notice)对…有鉴赏力；对…有眼光The painter has an eye for detail.have an inkling that, have an inkling [sth] v expr (suspect, sense)略微知晓We had an inkling that the film might be a success, but we weren't sure.have another go at [sth] v expr informal (try again)再试一次That attempt didn't work out very well, so I'll have another go at it.have [sb/sth] around vtr + adv (be near [sb/sth])有…；和…在一起，有…在身边If you want some maple syrup, just ask--I always have some around.My husband gets on my nerves sometimes, but overall, I like having him around.have [sth] at your disposal v expr (have [sth] available)掌握，控制；处置，处理；处理，利用If you don't have a car at your disposal, getting a job is very difficult.have [sth] back vtr + adv (something: be returned)送回Dad wants me to have the car back by supper time.have confidence in [sth] v expr (trust, feel secure about)信任；对…有信心The public has little confidence in government officials.have confidence in [sb/sth] v expr (trust [sb]'s abilities, honesty) (某人的能力、人品等)信任The players have confidence in their team's ability to win.have control of [sth] vtr (be in charge of)管理；掌管I have control of the communication department.have control of [sth] vtr (master)控制have dealings with [sb/sth] v expr (do business with)与…做买卖；与…做生意He has dealings with representatives of foreign companies.have designs on [sb/sth] v expr (aim to obtain)对…抱有企图He has designs on my girlfriend.have difficulty with [sth] v expr (find [sth] hard)觉得...很难The students have difficulty with English grammar.have difficulty doing [sth] v expr (find it hard to do [sth])觉得做（某事）有困难；难以I have difficulty understanding algebra.have [sb] do [sth] v expr (make, lead [sb] do [sth])让某人做某事；带某人做某事He had me take all sorts of tests.have doubts about [sth] vtr + npl (not be convinced)对...心存疑惑Ferguson had doubts about Paul Scholes making it as a footballer.have doubts about [sth] vtr + npl (not be certain)对...没有把握Dave had doubts about his ability to complete the work on time.have [sth] down cold, also US: have [sth] down pat v expr US, informal (know, understand [sth] completely)完全了解，彻底明白She scored 100% on her Spanish test because she had the conjugations down cold.她对动词变形了解得非常透彻，所以在西班牙语考试中得了满分。have [sth] down flat vtr US, Informal ([sth]: know or understand completely) (非正式用语)完全了解, 彻底明白After weeks of practice, she had the lyrics to the three most common songs down flat.have enough [sth] vtr + adj (have sufficient of [sth])有足够的；有相当多的have every intention of doing [sth] v expr (fully intend to do [sth])下定决心要做…I have every intention of keeping my promise.I had every intention of finishing the essay, but I just couldn't do it.have faith in [sth/sb] v expr (religion: believe)怀有...信仰I have faith in God.have faith in [sth/sb] v expr (believe in)相信have got to do [sth] v expr (must)必须要…I have got to get out of this place.have had enough of [sth] v expr informal (be fed up)受够了...I have had enough of that man's foul language.have had enough of doing [sth] v expr informal (be fed up)再也忍受不了...Miriam had had enough of cleaning up after her thoughtless flatmates.have had it up to here with [sth/sb], be up to here with [sth/sb] v expr figurative, informal (be exasperated)对...受够了；对...很反感I've had it up to here with all your excuses!have half a mind to do [sth] v expr figurative, informal (be tempted to do)想要做某事；受...的吸引have [sth/sb] in mind v expr (think of [sth/sb] in particular)想到…have [sth] in store for [sb], hold [sth] in store for [sb] v expr (reserve, promise)…即将发生在某人头上；有…等待着某人Let's wait and see what next year has in store for us.have [sth] in view v expr (visualize, envisage [sth])考虑到，虑及；打算The bill has in view two types of sanctions.have information about [sth] vtr (know [sth] important about)有…的消息；了解…的情况Anybody who has information about the accident should report it to the police.任何了解事故的人都应向警方报告。have knowledge of [sth] vtr (be experienced in)熟悉；了解；有...方面的知识I have knowledge of many programming languages, gained through a lifetime of working in Information Technology.have [sth] lined up v expr informal (have scheduled)计划好的；做好安排The weekend's almost here! What have you got lined up?have [sth] lined up for [sth] v expr informal (scheduled for a time)为...安排了...We have three events lined up for next week.have no stomach for [sth], have little stomach for [sth] v expr figurative (lack appetite, courage for [sth]) (比喻)对…没有胃口，对…没兴趣；不敢，对…缺乏勇气John had little stomach for the task at hand.约翰对手头的任务没有兴趣。have means to do [sth], have the means to do [sth] v expr (have resources to)有办法I have the means to make you talk, Mr. Bond!我有办法让你开口，邦德先生！have no association with [sb/sth] v expr (not be connected, involved)与…没有联系Type 1 diabetes has no association with obesity or other lifestyle factors, and is not preventable.have no business doing [sth] v expr informal (not have the right)与…无关；毫无干系You have no business spreading gossip about me!have no chance to do [sth] v expr (not have opportunity)没有做…的机会The swimming pool looked nice, but we had no chance to use it.have no chance of [sth] v expr (be unable)根本无法；根本不能He had no chance of survival in the desert.have no chance of doing [sth] v expr (be unable)根本没有机会；根本无法；根本不能The patient has no chance of surviving without the treatment.have no choice but to do [sth] v expr (not have alternative)别无选择只能...We have no choice but to think that you acted irresponsibly.have no expectation of [sth] v expr (not count on)不指望；不期望have no more of [sth] v expr (no longer tolerate [sth])不再容忍；不再忍受Stop that language right now. I'll have no more of it, do you hear me?have no more of [sth], have no more [sth] v expr (have used up the supply of [sth])耗尽；用完I've just sold the last loaf, and now we have no more, I'm afraid.have no objection to [sth] v expr (not be opposed)不反对...I have no objection to your suggestion.have no plan to do [sth], have no plans to do [sth] v expr (lack intent, organization)毫无计划Bachmann said that she has no plan to launch another presidential campaign.have no plans to do [sth] v expr (not intend)不打算做某事have no qualms about [sth] v expr (not be nervous or afraid)毫不紧张；一点都不害怕Running my own business is going to be tough, but I have no qualms about my decision.have no qualms about doing [sth], have no qualms in doing [sth] v expr (not suffer a guilty conscience)毫无顾忌；毫不内疚I had no qualms about reporting him to the police - he was a violent criminal, without a shred of compassion for his victims.have no recollection of [sth] v expr (remember nothing about)对…毫无记忆He was so drunk that he had no recollection of how he got back home.have no right to do [sth] v expr (not be entitled)无权做某事；没有资格做某事You have no right to complain about the situation.have no truck with [sth/sb] v expr (want nothing to do with)跟...没关系That man is bad news and I'll have no truck with him!have no use for [sth/sb] v expr informal (dislike [sth/sb])讨厌have nothing on [sb/sth] v expr slang (be inferior)比不上；赶不上Richard is lovely, but he's got nothing on his brother.have [sth] on, have on [sth] vtr + adv (be wearing)穿着Matt had on a blue sweater and black pants.have power over [sb/sth] vtr (be able to control or influence)能够支配或控制；对…有控制权His wife has power over him because she is the family's breadwinner.have recourse to [sth] v expr (access to [sth] for help)依靠；依赖He doesn't have to worry about the police because he has recourse to his father's great wealth.have regard for [sb/sth] v expr (respect)尊敬，尊重；器重，看重；注意，关注I have great regard for my parents' achievements.have second thoughts about [sth] v expr (reconsider [sth])重新考虑...Denise was having second thoughts about getting married to Mick.have the appearance of [sth] vtr (look like, look as though)看上去像have the audacity to do [sth] v expr (be so bold as to)有胆量做…；鲁莽行事；厚颜无耻地…He had the audacity to question his superior's motives.have the capacity for [sth] v expr (be capable of, be able to)有…的能力；有能力做All men have the capacity for murder, in the right circumstances.have the force of [sth] vtr (be as powerful as)有…的效力The Highway Code does not have the force of law.have the gall to do [sth] v expr figurative, slang (be bold enough)厚着脸皮做, 居然有脸做Not only did Emily not pay me back the $20 she owes me, she had the gall to ask if I would lend her another $10. He had the gall to ask whether I was over eighteen.艾米丽不仅没有把欠我的20美元还给我，竟然还厚颜无耻地问我能否再借给她10美元。他竟厚着脸皮地问我是否已满18岁。have the guts to do [sth] v expr slang, figurative (be brave enough)有胆；有种Do you have the guts to tell him the truth?have the heart to do [sth] v expr (be brave or callous enough to do)有勇气做某事；舍得做某事备注: Usually used in negative sentences, and where there is doubt.I don't have the heart to tell the children that their hamster died. Do you have the heart to refuse her?have the job of [sth] vtr (be charged with)做…工作；负责I have the job of cleaning the swimming pool every week.have the look of [sb/sth] v expr (resemble)看起来像You have the look of a woman in love!have the makings of [sth] vtr (show potential as)具有…的素质；具备…的潜力My teacher says I have the makings of a successful artist.have the right to do [sth] v expr (be entitled to do [sth])有权..., 有资格...We have the right to be here. You can't make us leave.have the use of [sth] vtr (be able to use)能用；可用；使用John is paraplegic; he doesn't have the use of his legs.have the use of [sth] vtr (have permission to use)有权使用My friend has said that I can have the use of his garage while he is on holiday.have the wherewithal to do [sth] v expr (have the means)有钱做...That school is very expensive; I don't have the wherewithal to pay the tuition.have thoughts about [sth] vtr (consider: doing [sth])考虑做某事have to answer for [sth] v expr (take blame)必须对…负责；必须为…承担后果Come the next election, the Government will have to answer for its economic mistakes.have to do with [sth] v expr (involve)与…有关The Commission can investigate matters that have to do with members of police force.have to do with [sth] v expr (be related) (指事)与...有关，与...相关Researchers have discovered that much of the risk of having ADHD has to do with genes.have [sth] to hand v expr (have [sth] within easy reach)触手可及have to hand it to [sb/sth] v expr informal (must credit, must concede [sth] to) (非正式用语)称赞，给…肯定You have to hand it to the team: they may have lost their last ten matches, but they have never stopped trying!have [sth] to spare v expr (have plenty of [sth])有...的盈余；有多余的某物have too much [sth], have too much of [sth] v expr (have [sth] to excess)有太多的have trouble, have trouble doing [sth] vtr + n (experience difficulty: doing [sth])有困难；有麻烦；遇到麻烦I have trouble remembering passwords.have [sth] under your belt v expr figurative, informal (have achieved, acquired [sth])获得；有...的成就Evie's got three college degrees under her belt.have [sth] up your sleeve v expr informal, figurative (keep secretly)秘密拥有；隐藏have your eye on [sth] v expr (want)看中；看上I've got my eye on a little yellow handbag I saw in a shop window.have your eye on [sth] v expr (aim, intend)有意；打算The company has an eye on future expansion into overseas markets.have your eye on doing [sth] v expr (aim, intend)有意做；打算做I keep working this job, but I have my eye on going back to college.have your fill of [sth] v expr figurative, informal (have enough of [sth])受够了（某事）He had his fill of conversation for the day and went home.have your fill of doing [sth] v expr figurative, informal (tire of doing [sth])对做（某事）感到厌倦Elaine has had her fill of tidying up after her flatmates.hawk [sth] vtr (sell)叫卖，兜售Ken likes watching people hawk their wares in the markets.肯喜欢看人们在市场上叫卖商品。hawk [sth] up, hawk up [sth] vtr + adv (phlegm, etc.: clear from throat) (痰)咳出hay [sth] vtr rare (grass: dry as animal feed)把（草料）晒干The farmer hayed alfalfa and clover for his animals.农夫为他的牲畜把苜蓿和三叶草晒干来作草料。hay [sth] vtr rare (animal: feed with hay)给...喂草料Jane hayed the horses after lunch.午餐后，珍妮给马匹喂草料。hazard [sth] vtr (answer, etc.: offer tentatively)试探地提出，无把握地提出，斗胆提出The student sat in silence, too shy to hazard an answer.彼得对老人说：“如果非要我胡乱猜一把，我猜你绝对不会超过65。”hazard [sth] vtr (brave, deal with)冒险提出；冒险作出Harry hazarded the bad weather and pushed for the top of the mountain anyway.哈利仍冒着恶劣的天气，朝山顶前进。head, head of [sth] n (leader, director)领袖，领导；主管He is the head of the library association.他是图书馆协会的领导。head [sth] vtr (lead)领导；主管The ex-congressman headed the investigation.这位前国会议员主持了这次调查。head [sth] vtr (precede)在…之前；领先The candidate for prime minister headed the list of candidates.head [sth] vtr (excel)胜过；超过He heads his class in language studies.head [sth] vtr (be the chief of)领导；带领That man heads the fire service for the whole country.head [sth] vtr (turn aside) (牲畜等)赶；驱赶The sheepdog headed the sheep away from the river.head [sth] vtr (sports: hit with one's head) (体育运动)用头顶The football player headed the ball into the net.be head and shoulders above [sb/sth], stand head and shoulders above [sb/sth] v expr figurative (be vastly superior to)远远胜过；远远优于George's essay was head and shoulders above those of the rest of the class.乔治的作文远远胜过班上其他学生的作文。head straight for [sth] v expr (person: go directly)径直奔向…；直奔…Bianca grabbed her coat and headed straight for the exit.head straight for [sth/sb] v expr (vehicle: move towards)驶向...When Colin looked up, he realized the truck was heading straight for him.headbutt [sb/sth], head-butt [sb/sth] vtr (hit with the forehead)用头撞The wrestler violently headbutted his opponent.那位摔跤手很暴力地用头撞击他的对手。headline [sth] vtr (be the star of)成为重要人物；是…的主角John headlined the concert, but most of the audience showed up to listen to his opener.约翰是音乐会的主角，但大多数观众都是来听他的开场曲的。headquarter [sth] vtr usu passive (locate in headquarters)将…的总部设在The international corporation is headquartered in New York.这家跨国公司的总部设在纽约。heal [sb/sth] vtr (restore health)使恢复健康，使痊愈，治愈The vet tried to heal the ailing lamb.兽医试图治愈那头生病的羊羔。heal [sth] vtr figurative (reconcile)使重归于好；使和解After the war, many wanted to heal old divisions.战后，许多人希望过去的分歧能得以和解。a heap of [sth] n (pile, mound)堆；垛Peter piled a big heap of mashed potatoes onto his plate.彼得在盘子里堆了一大堆土豆泥。a heap of [sth] n (untidy pile)一堆There's a heap of dirty laundry in the laundry room.洗衣房里有一堆脏衣服。a heap of [sth] n figurative, slang (a lot of)许多，很多Since I retired I've got a heap of time on my hands.自从我退休以来，就有了很多空闲时间。heaps of [sth] npl (a lot of)很多, 大量The fisherman caught heaps of fish.渔夫捕获了大量的鱼。heap [sth] on [sth] vtr (pile [sth] on top)堆积；把…堆起来Kate heaped sour cream onto her baked potato.凯特在她烤好的土豆上堆了酸奶油。heap [sth] on [sb] vtr + prep figurative, informal (overburden)慷慨地给予；大量地给予The king heaped rewards on his men.国王慷慨地奖赏他的部下。heap [sth] vtr (make into a pile or mound)堆积；堆放hear [sth] vtr (sound: perceive)听见；听到He heard a crash in the kitchen and went to see what had happened.他听见厨房里发出呯的一声，就过去看看发生了什么事。hear [sth] vtr (detect sound of) (微弱的声音)听到Can you hear the train whistle?I didn't hear you come home last night.你能听到火车的鸣笛声吗？//我昨晚没有听到你回到家的声音。hear [sth] vtr (be in audience) (音乐会等)听； (广播)听，收听We went to hear the concert in the park.我们去公园听音乐会。hear [sth] vtr (consider officially)听取；审讯，审理The court will hear his testimony on Tuesday.法庭将于周二听取他的证词。hear [sth] vtr (listen)听；注意听Will you please hear what I have to say?hear [sth] vtr (mass: attend)出席； (弥撒等)参加We hear Mass every Sunday morning.hear [sb/sth] vtr informal (understand)明白；理解I hear you, but I don't agree.hear [sb/sth] vtr (listen with favor)听到（某人的祈祷等）备注: This sense is often used in a religious context.Pray for forgiveness and the Lord will hear you.祈求宽恕，主会听到你的祈祷。hear [sth] from [sb] vtr + prep (learn [sth] via [sb])从…听到；从…听说I heard from your mother that you're getting married next year?我听你妈妈说你明年要结婚了？hear [sth] through the grapevine, hear [sth] on the grapevine v expr figurative (hear a rumor)听说；有流言说hearken to [sth], harken to [sth] vi + prep archaic, literary (listen to, pay attention to) (古语，书面语)听从，倾听，注意，留意Had I but hearkened to my mother's counsel, I should not now find myself in this wretched condition.heart, heart of [sth] n figurative (centre of a place)中心, 中央； (比喻)心脏The heart of the city is alive with bars and restaurants.市中心到处是酒吧和餐馆，一派热闹景象。heartily recommend [sth] adv + vtr (suggest enthusiastically)热忱地推荐We enjoyed our stay and would heartily recommend this hotel.heartily recommend [sth] to [sb] adv + vtr (suggest enthusiastically)由衷地向...推荐...I would heartily recommend this book to anyone interested in Italian cookery.heat [sth] vtr (make hot)加热The directions say to heat the water to room temperature.说明里说需要把水加热到室内温度。heat [sth] vtr (inflame with emotion)使激动；激化；激发；刺激She heated the conversation with the mention of his ex-wife.heave [sth/sb] vtr (pull, haul)拖，拉Peter heaved his friend to his feet.彼得用力拉朋友，帮他站起身。heave [sth] vtr (throw: [sth] heavy)扔；抛；甩Kate heaved the old couch into the dumpster.凯特把旧沙发扔进垃圾箱。heave on [sth] vi + prep (pull, haul)拖，拉The workers heaved on the rope to pull the tree down.工人们用力拉绳子，将那棵树拉倒。heave [sth] up, heave up [sth] vtr + adv (hoist, raise with difficulty)用力举起；费力抬起heaving with [sth/sb] adj + prep UK, slang (crowded)拥挤的The reception hall was heaving with people waiting to hear the speech.a heck of a [sth], one heck of a [sth] n slang, euphemism (intensifier) (加强语气)…很大，…非常多That was a heck of a thunderstorm.这场暴风雨真大。hedge [sth] vtr (protect: against financial risk) (金融，为避免风险)进行套头交易，进行对冲Brian hedged his investments to keep his retirement fund safe.布莱恩对自己的投资进行对冲，以保障自己退休金的安全。hedge [sb/sth] in vtr + prep often passive (surround, encircle)把…围住There was no escape; we were hedged in.无路可逃了，我们已经被包围了。heed [sth] vtr (advice) (建议、劝告等)听从Pam heeded the storm warning and went into the shelter.帕姆听从了关于暴风雨的警告，去了避难所。heedless of [sth] adj + prep (disregarding or ignoring [sth])不注意的Heedless of her mother's advice, Julia went to the night club by herself.heel [sth] vtr (ship: cause to tilt) (船)使…倾斜Heavy winds heeled the sailing boat.heft [sth] vtr (lift, heave)举起The worker hefted the heavy box into the back of the truck.工人把沉重的箱子搬到卡车后。heft [sth] vtr (estimate weight by lifting)举起以掂量重量Let me heft it first to see how heavy it is.让我先把它举起来看看有多重。the height of [sth] n figurative (utmost, ultimate)…的巅峰, …的极致When the telephone was first invented, it was the height of technology.电话刚被发明出来时，是科技的巅峰。heighten [sth] vtr (make taller)增高；提高；加高They're going to heighten the wall by half a metre.他们打算将这堵墙加高半米。heighten [sth] vtr figurative (intensify)增强, 加强Our fears were heightened by the repeated bombing raids.随着不断的轰炸，我们越来越害怕。helicopter [sb/sth] vtr (transport in a helicopter)用直升飞机运载The medics helicoptered the patient to the nearest hospital.helicopter [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (transport in a helicopter)用直升机运送The president was helicoptered in to the ceremony.hell of a, one hell of a [sth], a hell of a [sth] expr informal (extreme example)简直；极其That's a hell of a goal!Your aunt dying like that must have been a hell of a shock.hellbent on [sth], hell-bent adj informal (determined)坚决的；决意的；不顾一切的hellbent on doing [sth], hell-bent adj informal (determined)决意的, 不顾一切的She's hell-bent on coming tonight, in spite of this awful weather.help [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (assist with)帮助某人某事Can you help me with my homework?你能帮我做家庭作业吗？help [sb] do [sth], help [sb] to do [sth] v expr (assist in doing)帮助某人做某事Paul helped me start my car. I helped an elderly lady to cross the road.保罗帮助我发动车子。我帮助一位老妇人过马路。help [sth] vtr (improve)改善；提高；增进Just ten minutes of study a day could really help your French.每天仅仅10分钟的学习，就能很好地提高你的法语。help [sth] vtr (relieve)减轻；缓解This syrup might help your sore throat.这种糖浆能够缓解咽喉疼痛。help [sth], help [sth] to do [sth] vtr (facilitate)使改善；使好转Fibre helps digestion.纤维有助于消化。help [sb/sth] vtr (be useful to)对…有用；对…有助益A little bit of salt would help his cooking. You could help me by holding up the other end of the table.加一点点盐会让他做的菜更好。你可以帮我扶住桌子的另一边。help with [sth] vi + prep (give assistance with)提供某事的帮助；帮忙做某事We are looking for volunteers to help with sports coaching.我们正在寻找志愿者来帮忙做体育指导。help [sth], help doing [sth] vtr informal (avoid, prevent)避免；防止I can't help thinking she was right all along.help yourself to [sth] v expr (serve yourself)自己拿；自己取Help yourself to more cake.再吃点蛋糕。help yourself to [sth] v expr (take without asking)自己拿；自己取She helped herself to the office stationery.她自己拿了办公文具。helping of [sth] n (portion, share)一份Can I have another helping of mashed potatoes?我可以再要一份土豆泥吗?hem [sth] vtr (sewing) (衣物)给…缝折边，缝…的下摆Jeni hemmed the dress so that it wouldn't drag on the floor.珍妮将这条裙子的下摆缝了一点起来，这样它就不会拖到地上了。henna [sth] vtr (dye with henna)用散沫花染料染色The bride will henna her hands before the wedding ceremony.新娘在婚礼前将用指甲花在手上染色。herald [sth] vtr (announce, signal)宣布；宣告；通告The elections herald a major political change in the country.选举宣告着该国的一次重大政治变革。herd [sth/sb] vtr (guide: animals, people)聚集；召集；招集Kim herded her children into the house.金将孩子们召集到了家里。Here's to [sth/sb]! interj informal (toast)为...干杯hesitant about doing [sth] expr (person: reluctant) (人)不情愿的，勉强的；迟疑的，犹疑的Sarah is hesitant about going on the trip.hesitate to do [sth] v expr (be hesitant)对做某事很犹豫，对做某事迟疑不决Jeff hesitated to do anything that might offend anyone.对于可能冒犯任何人的任何事，杰夫都会犹豫不决。heterodyne [sth] vtr (combine frequencies)用外差法处理hew [sth] vtr (shape, carve)砍；劈The carpenter hewed the piece of wood skillfully.木匠很熟练地砍下了那块木头。hew [sth] into [sth] vtr (shape by carving)砍成Gradually, the woodworker hewed the log into a canoe.hew [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep (carve)砍；劈This detailed sculpture was hewn in marble by a Roman artist nearly 2000 years ago.hew [sth] vtr often passive (cut down)砍倒Loggers have hewn all the conifers in this area.伐木工把这个地区所有的针叶树都砍光了。hex [sb], hex [sth] vtr (put a spell on, curse)施魔法于；施魔法The witch threatened to hex the knight if he did not yield to her.女巫威胁说，如果骑士不向她屈服，她就向他施魔法。hide [sth/sb] vtr (place out of view)隐藏；把…藏起来I hide the cakes from the children.我把蛋糕藏起来，不让孩子们看见。hide [sth] vtr (keep secret)隐瞒；保密She hid her past from her husband.她对丈夫隐瞒了自己的过去。hide [sth] vtr (block)遮住；挡住Put down the blinds to hide the sun because it's hurting my eyes.hide [sth] from yourself v expr (deny the reality of [sth])自欺欺人Stop hiding the truth from yourself - you know you love me! I can't hide my true feelings from myself any longer.别再自欺欺人了。你知道你是爱我的！我不能再对自己隐瞒真实感受了。high on [sth] adj + prep figurative, informal (intoxicated by a drug) (吸毒后)感觉飘飘然的，感觉很嗨的Danny was high on marijuana at the time and didn't notice anything.当时丹尼刚吸了大麻正嗨着，什么都没有注意到。be high on [sth] v expr informal (be enthusiastic, optimistic about)对...很乐观；对...很热情highlight [sth] vtr (with marker, text)高亮She highlighted the sentence with her yellow marker.她用黄色标记笔加亮了这个句子。highlight [sth] vtr figurative (emphasize)强调；突出She highlighted her relevant experience in the interview.面试时，她强调了自己的相关工作经历。highlight [sth] vtr (computers: select) (计算机)高亮选中Highlight the text by double-clicking on it.双击鼠标高亮选中文字。highlight [sth] vtr (hair: dye strands) (染发)挑染The hairdresser highlighted my hair by dyeing sections of it and wrapping them in foil.在挑染时，理发师给我头发的一部分染了色，然后用锡箔包起来。highly knowledgeable about [sth/sb] expr (informed about a subject)对...很了解的highway to [sth] n figurative (route to [sth]) (比喻)康庄大道，首要途径；大道，大路The preacher shouted, "Those sinners are riding on the highway to hell!"传教士喊道：“那些罪人正大步走在通往地狱的大道上！”hijack [sth], also US: highjack [sth] vtr (seize control of: a vehicle) (交通工具)劫持The terrorist hijacked the airplane.恐怖分子劫持了飞机。hijack [sth], also US: highjack [sth] vtr (steal: cargo from a vehicle) (从运输工具上)偷走（货物），劫走（货物）Gerald hijacked a shipment of gold from the train that was carrying it.杰拉尔德从载着黄金的火车上劫走了一批黄金。hijack [sth], also US: highjack [sth] vtr figurative (appropriate [sth])盗用；占用；挪用Sorry to hijack your conversation, but you're both wrong about that movie.抱歉打断你们的谈话，不过你们两位对于那部电影的观点完全是错的。hijack [sth], also US: highjack [sth] vtr figurative (take over: a conversation) (讨论等)操纵，操控Kate wasn't invited because she always hijacks the conversation and makes it about her.凯特因为总是操控谈话走向，把话题往自己身上引，所以没有被邀请。hinder [sb/sth] vtr (slow progress) (进展)阻碍，妨碍，拖…的后腿The manager's incompetence hindered the progress of the project.经理无能，拖了项目的后腿。hinder [sb/sth] vtr (slow physically)阻碍，妨碍The handcuffs hindered the escaping prisoner and he was caught quickly.手铐妨碍了囚犯逃跑，他很快就被抓住。hinge [sth] vtr (fit a hinge to)给…装合页The fitter hinged the cupboard door.装配师傅给碗橱门装合页。hint [sth], hint that vtr (make allusion)示意；透露'Your gift will be blue', he hinted.“你的礼物会是蓝色的。”他暗示说。hint at [sth] vi + prep (imply, suggest)暗示Roger Daltrey hinted at the possibility of a new Who album.罗杰·多特里暗示“谁人乐队”可能会发行新的唱片。hip to [sth] adj slang (aware, informed)知道的；了解的Don't worry, Stacy is hip to the situation.别担心，史黛西是了解情况的。hip [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep slang (inform [sb] about [sth])告诉某人某事His sister first hipped him to the Beatles.他姐姐第一个告诉他甲壳虫乐队的事。hip [sth] vtr (architecture)给……造屋脊hip [sth] vtr (animal: injure hip) (家畜)使…的髋关节脱臼；使…的臀部受伤hipped on [sth] adj + prep slang (obsessed with)被…迷住的；对…着迷的hire [sth] vtr UK (vehicle, etc.: rent)租，租用，租赁We should hire a car for the duration of the holiday.假日期间我们该租一辆车。hiss [sth] vtr (utter with contempt)以嘘声表示；嗤之以鼻Sara's classmates hissed insults at her.萨拉的同学用嘘声羞辱她。hiss [sth] vtr (say with contempt)嘘声道"You're a liar!" she hissed.“你是个骗子！” 她嘘声道。history, a history of [sth] n (precedents)过去曾有过的先例；（犯罪）史The defendant has a long criminal history.被告有很长一段犯罪史。hit [sb/sth] vtr (vehicle: strike, collide with)碰撞；撞击The driver suffered a head injury when his car hit a tree.汽车撞到树上，司机头部受伤。hit [sb/sth] vtr (driver: strike, collide with)撞到；碰到Richard was driving to work when he hit a pedestrian.The distracted driver went over the line and hit an oncoming vehicle.理查德开车去上班时撞到了一位行人。//走神的司机越了线，撞上迎面开来的车辆。hit [sth] vtr (knock: part of body)敲击；撞击He was so tall that he had to make an effort not to hit his head when he walked through a door.他个子很高，当他穿过一道门时，他必须努力不让自己的头撞到。；hit [sth] on [sth] vtr (knock: part of body)把（某个身体部位）碰撞到…上The child fell over and hit his head on the wooden floor.那个孩子跌了一跤，头撞到了木地板上。hit [sth] vtr (reach: a target)打中；击中The arrow hit the bullseye.箭射中了靶心。hit [sth] vtr (reach: a high, low)达到；完成；实现The stock hit a record high today on the earnings news.今天股票在盈利消息的刺激下创下历史新高。hit [sth] vtr (sports: score) (体育运动)投中得分；射门得分And he hits the basket to tie the game!hit [sth] vtr slang, figurative (use, indulge in)尽情享受；沉溺于After a bad day at work, he tends to hit the gin.一天工作不愉快后，他常常喝杜松子酒。hit [sth] vtr (affect) (风暴等)袭击The town was hit by the storm on Tuesday.hit [sth] vtr informal (bars, street, shops, etc.: go there) (酒吧、商店等)去…逛，去…玩On Friday night I usually hit the bars with my friends.hit [sb] up, hit [sb] up for [sth] v expr slang (approach for: money) (钱财)向...索取Watch out for Ralph, he's always hitting people up for money.小心拉尔夫，他总是向人讨钱。hitch [sth] vtr (pants, etc.: pull up) (裤子等)拉高，提，把…往上提Sally hitched her skirt above her knees and waded into the sea.萨利提起裙子，走进了海水中。hitch [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (hook, attach)把...套在...上；把...挂在...上The driver hitched the horse to the carriage.车夫把马套在马车上。hitch [sth] up vtr + adv (pull higher; clothing, suspender)拉起备注: 坐时把膝部裤管稍向上拉He hitched up his socks and pants.hitch [sth] up to [sth] v expr (animal: fasten to [sth]) (牲畜)把...套在车上He hitched his horse up to the post and went into the saloon for some whiskey.hive in [sth] vi + prep (bees: nest) (蜜蜂)筑巢There are bees hiving in that hollow tree.有蜜蜂在那棵空心的树中筑巢。hive [sth] vtr (bees: place in hive)贮...于蜂巢中The beekeeper is waiting for warmer weather to hive his swarm.hoard [sth] vtr (keep for future)储备，囤积We've started hoarding vegetables for the winter.我们已经开始为冬天囤积蔬菜了。hob [sth] vtr (cut with a hob)滚铣The worker was in the middle of hobbing a gear when the manager walked in.hobble [sth] vtr (tie together legs of: an animal)捆绑两腿The rancher hobbled the calf.牧场主将小牛双腿捆在一起。hobble [sth] vtr figurative (restrict)束缚, 阻碍, 限制The manager's ever changing demands are hobbling the workers' ability to finish.经理不断变换要求，这让工人们无法完成工作。hock [sth] vtr (pawn)典当Neil used to have a samurai sword, but he hocked it.尼尔过去有一把武士刀，但他把它当了。hoe [sth] vtr (use a hoe)用花锄整地；锄草Jerry hoed the dirt in his garden for several hours before it got too hot outside.杰里趁室外温度变得太热之前，用花锄整了几个小时的地。hog [sth] vtr figurative (monopolize)霸占；贪占Quit hogging the computer or I'm going to tell mom what you've been doing online!别一直霸占着计算机，不然我要告诉妈妈你都在网上做了什么！hogtie [sth/sb], also UK: hog-tie [sth/sb] vtr (tie feet together)把…的手脚捆在一起hoick [sth] vtr UK, informal (hitch up) (非正式用语, 指飞机等)使...急剧上升，使...大仰角离地，猛地拉升hoist [sth] vtr (lift)举起，提起Jeff hoisted the box onto the truck.杰夫把箱子提到卡车上。hoist [sth] vtr (raise mechanically)吊起；提升The mechanic hoisted the new engine into the old car with the crane.机修工用起重机将新发动机吊起，放到旧车里。hoke [sth] vtr slang (make more impressive, overdo)矫揉造作地制造噱头, 编造hold [sth] vtr (grasp)握住；把住She holds her child's hand when they cross the street.她牵着孩子的手穿过大街。hold [sth] vtr (contain)包含；容纳This container holds four litres of liquid.这个容器可盛四公升液体。hold [sth] vtr (possess)有；拥有Leah holds the keys to the car.莉亚有这辆车的钥匙。hold [sth] vtr (continue to have)保住；继续拥有His son can't hold a job; he keeps getting fired.他的儿子无法保住工作，总是解雇。hold [sth] vtr (take)拿；抓Could you hold this box for me for a minute?hold [sth] vtr (own)拥有；占有She holds the land, but it is used by the entire family.hold [sth] vtr (retain)保持；保留；留存We held some cash in Euros in case of emergency.hold at [sth] vi + prep (not change state) (某种状态)保持The water level held at two feet above sea level.水位保持在海平面以上两英尺的地方。hold [sth] vtr (engage in)参与；加入I don't hold discussions with silly people.hold [sth] vtr (accommodate)容纳；装得下This conference room holds up to forty people.hold [sth] vtr (military: defend) (军事术语)防守；守住The rebels held their position for ten hours until reinforcements arrived.hold [sth] vtr (military: occupy) (军事术语)占领；占有；攻占The army sought to hold the strategic mountaintop.hold [sth] vtr (course: maintain)保持；继续Hold your current course for the next one hundred kilometres.hold [sth] vtr (meeting, event: conduct)举行；召开；召集We will hold the meeting in the conference room.Julie is holding a party on Saturday.我们将在会议室开会。周六，朱莉将举办派对。hold [sth] vtr (have: an opinion) (某种想法)怀有；持有We know that not all party members hold the same position on this issue.我们知道在这个问题上，不是所有党员都持有同样立场。hold a candle to [sb/sth] v expr figurative (be as good)能与…相比, 可与…相提并论备注: Used in the negative, in questions and where there is doubtAs a songwriter, George Harrison couldn't hold a candle to Paul McCartney.hold a mirror up to [sth] v expr figurative (reveal [sth] as it truly is)用镜子映照；揭开...的本色hold [sb] accountable for [sth] v expr (consider responsible for [sth])让…对…负责，让…为…负责I cannot hold him accountable for what happened.hold [sth] against [sb] v expr (resent [sb] for [sth])因某事怨恨某人They still hold my past mistakes against me.hold [sth] by vtr + adv (reserve, keep aside)把…保留起来Hold this dress by for me until I get paid on Saturday.hold [sth] dear vtr + adj (value, cherish)珍视Freedom of speech is a concept which I hold dear.hold [sth] in check v expr (control, restrain)压抑；抑制He had to hold his anger in check when his son wrecked the car.hold [sb/sth] in high regard v expr (have great respect for)对…非常器重；对…很重视hold [sth] in reserve v expr (store or keep [sth])保留；储存Many vintners will hold a particularly good year in reserve for private use.hold [sb] liable for [sth] v expr (consider responsible)让...为...负起责任hold [sth] out vtr + adv (offer, proffer)提供；伸出备注: A hyphen is used when the term is a noun.He held out his hand for the dog to sniff it.他伸出手让狗闻闻。hold out hope (of (doing) [sth] v expr (stay optimistic)抱希望；心存希望Police do not hold out much hope of catching the culprits.hold [sb] responsible for [sth] v expr (consider accountable)要求…对…负责，要求…为…负责hold [sb] responsible for [sth] v expr (consider legally accountable)要求…对…承担责任hold [sth] steady vtr + adj (thing: secure)使…稳住；使…保持稳定This chain will hold the post steady against the wind.hold [sth] against [sb] v expr (hold a grudge)因某事而对某人有怨气I won't hold it against you if you don't want to join me.hold [sth] tight vtr + adv (grasp firmly)紧紧抓住The woman held her bag tight as she hurried along the dark street.hold [sth] together vtr + adv (stick)将…粘到一起Car manufacturers are increasingly using glue to hold parts together.hold [sth] together vtr + adv figurative (maintain unity of)使…团结在一起The military sees itself as the sole force capable of holding the country together.hold with (doing) [sth] vi + prep (agree)同意；赞同备注: used in negatives and where there is doubtI'm sorry, but I just don't hold with that attitude.holder (of [sth]) n ([sb]: owns [sth])持有者；拥有者The holder of the deed technically owns the house.严格说来，契约的持有者拥有房子的主权。hole [sth] vtr (golf: hit a ball into the hole) (高尔夫球)击球入洞He holed it in three strokes.hole [sth] vtr (dig)打洞；挖洞Hole out that swampy area, so it can drain.holler [sth] vtr US, informal (shout, call out)喊出；大声叫出Someone hollered my name but I couldn't find them.有人喊我的名字，但我找不到人。holler [sth] at [sb] vtr US, informal (shout, call out)抱怨Josh's boss hollered insults at him when he turned in unsatisfactory work.hollow [sth] vtr (make hollow)使凹陷；使下陷Months of illness had hollowed the patient's cheeks.home on [sth] vi + prep (military: go towards a target)瞄准；对准The missiles are homing on their target.导弹正瞄准着目标。home [sth] vtr (bring, send home)带…回家；送…回家He managed to home a pigeon all the way from France to England.home [sth] vtr (direct to a target)对准；瞄准The missile was homed to its target.homogenize [sth], also UK: homogenise [sth] vtr (blend, fuse together)调匀；调合homogenize [sth], also UK: homogenise [sth] vtr (make [sth] similar)使类似；使类同hone [sth] vtr figurative (refine: skills)研习，练习，磨练Jane worked as an intern to continue to hone her skills before she applied for graduate school.在申请研究生院前，简曾参加实习以继续磨练技能。hone [sth] vtr (sharpen: a blade)磨；用磨刀石磨The butcher honed his knife while he talked to a customer.屠夫一边和客人说话一边磨刀。hone in on, hone in on [sth] vi US (locate or target)锁定；瞄准The missile uses a sensor to hone in on its target.导弹用传感器来定位目标。honeycomb [sth] vtr often passive (fill with holes)使...千疮百孔honor [sb/sth] (US), honour [sb/sth] (UK) vtr (show respect) (给予尊重)尊重，尊敬The university honoured the professor because of his groundbreaking research.由于其开创性的研究，该大学十分敬重这位教授。honor [sb/sth] with [sth] (US), honour [sb/sth] with [sth] (UK) vtr + prep (do [sth] to show respect)很荣幸…She was honored with a special dinner at the school.她很荣幸在学校吃了一顿特别的晚餐。honor [sb/sth] with [sth] (US), honour [sb/sth] with [sth] (UK) vtr + prep (treat with honour)使荣耀；以…给予…荣耀The princess honored us with her presence.公主的现身使我们倍感荣耀。honor [sb] by doing [sth] (US), honour [sb] by doing [sth] (UK) v expr (treat with honour)用…来纪念…The army honoured the officer by giving him a special medal for bravery.军队为纪念这名军官，授予他一枚特殊的勇敢奖章。honor [sth] (US), honour [sth] (UK) vtr (revere)崇敬；敬畏；尊敬One should honour one's national flag.一个人应该崇敬自己国家的国旗。honor [sth] (US), honour [sth] (UK) vtr (show courtesy)礼待We hope to honour all requests for advice.我们希望礼待所有的咨询请求。honor [sth] (US), honour [sth] (UK) vtr (uphold: promise) (承诺等)遵守Joe honoured his promise to pay for the meal.乔遵守了支付这顿饭钱的承诺。hood [sb/sth] vtr (put head covering on)以头巾覆盖，用头巾包It may be necessary to hood your horse if it gets very nervous.hoodwink [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep informal (trick into doing)蒙骗某人做某事；欺骗某人做某事The young man hoodwinked the housewife into giving him money.hook [sth] in vtr + adv US (attach, link up)戴上；连接上Mara opened up her laptop and hooked in her earphones.马拉打开笔记本电脑，带上耳机。hook [sth] vtr (fishing: catch)用钩钓鱼Tina hooked a few fish this morning.今天早上，蒂娜钓了几条鱼。hook [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep US, figurative, informal (persuade)吸引某人涉足；说服某人做某事I didn't intend to go out drinking but my buddies hooked me into it.我并不打算去喝酒的，不过我的兄弟们说服了我。hook [sb] into doing [sth] vtr + prep US, figurative, informal (persuade to do)使计让...做...；设法让...做...Max hooked his friend into driving him to the airport.马克思设法让他的朋友开车送他去机场。hook on [sth], hook [sth] on vtr + prep (put a hook into [sth])用钩钩住be hooked on [sth] adj + prep figurative, slang (on drug: addicted to) (毒品)对…成瘾Dan suffers from heart problems because he is hooked on cocaine.丹因对可卡因上瘾而患上了心脏病。be hooked on [sth/sb] adj + prep figurative, slang (on hobby, etc.: keen on)迷上；喜欢I'm hooked on that new detective series.我迷上了这部全新的侦探连续剧。hooked on [sth] adj + prep figurative, slang (drug: addicted to)着迷于…；对…无法自拔Jan became hooked on heroin.hooked on [sth] adj + prep figurative, slang (hobby: keen on)迷上，痴迷于；醉心于Dave has been hooked on computer games since he was eight years old.Hooray for [sb/sth]! interj (praise, appreciation)好！好啊！You won first place? Hooray for you!你得了第一名？太好啊！Hoover [sth], hoover [sth] vtr UK, ® (clean by vacuuming)用吸尘器吸Nancy hoovered the carpet to get rid of all the cat hair.南希用吸尘器来把地毯上的猫毛吸干净。hop [sth] vtr (jump over)跳过；跃过Jim hopped the fence and was in his neighbor's yard in a flash.吉姆跳过篱笆，一瞬间就身处邻居的院子里了。hop [sth] vtr US, informal (board: a train, bus) (火车、公共汽车等交通工具)跳上，搭上Brad hopped the bus to go visit his parents in Albany.hop into [sth] vi + prep figurative, informal (enter casually or spontaneously) (动作随意自然)进入hop into [sth] vi + prep figurative, informal (clothes: put on quickly) (非正式用语，衣物等)快速套上，赶紧穿上hope [sth], hope that vtr (desire) (期望)盼望, 期望, 希望I hope I win the lottery. We hope that you will recover quickly.我希望自己能中彩票。我们希望你不久就康复。hope [sth], hope that vtr (expect)期望，希望，预期We hope that we'll be able to move house before the end of next year.我们希望能在明年年底前搬家。hope for [sth] vi + prep (desire sincerely)渴望We hope for better news soon.我们希望能尽快听到更好的消息。hopeful of doing [sth] adj + prep (optimistic of doing [sth])有望，大有希望Smith, the current champion, is hopeful of winning today's race.现任冠军史密斯大有希望赢得今天的比赛。horsewhip [sth/sb] vtr (beat with a horsewhip)鞭打...hose [sth] vtr (water a garden, lawn) (用软管)浇水，喷水； (用软管喷水的方式)清洗Ken hosed the lawn to keep it from drying out.肯给草坪浇水，以防它变干。host [sth] vtr (event: hold)举办；举行Which country is hosting the next Olympic Games?哪个国家将会举办下一届奥运会。host [sth] vtr (provide internet server) (计算机)托管，提供网络托管服务Which computer is hosting the connection?哪台电脑在提供网络托管服务？a host of [sth] n (large quantity)大量；许多There was a host of nightingales, looking for food.a host of [sth] n (army, multitude)一大群The soldiers trembled as they saw the great host of the enemy.host [sth] vtr (organize virtual meeting)组织线上会议；举办线上见面hot on the heels of [sth], hot on [sth]'s heels expr figurative, slang (soon after, subsequent to)紧跟着...hot press [sth] vtr (use a hot press on [sth])热压；对...进行热压处理hot-wire [sth] vtr (start a car without key) (汽车)短路点火备注: 无钥匙时使点火装置电线短路以发动汽车a hotspot for [sth] n informal (place: center of activity)活动中心This street was once a hotspot for new music.house [sth] vtr (provide a storage place)保存；收藏；储藏This cabinet houses all our stationery.这个橱柜收藏了我们所有的文具。house [sth/sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (keep in a dwelling)让某人住在；为某人提供...样的住处The university houses its students in very old buildings.这所大学安排学生住在很旧的楼中。house [sth] vtr (provide a workplace)为...提供工作场所This building houses the workshop.house [sth] vtr (secure)收藏；存放The machine can be housed in its case for transit.housebreak [sth] n (burglary of [sb]'s home)入室盗窃housebreak [sth] vtr US (toilet-train: a pet)对（宠物）进行便溺培训houseful, a houseful of [sth/sb] n (enough to fill a house)满屋…housewife [sth] vtr dated (manage resources skilfully) (资源等)精明地安排，合理地安排hover over [sth] vi + prep (computing: mouse) (电脑鼠标指针)悬停于You can hover over a link to see the full URL.hover your mouse over [sth], hover your cursor over [sth] v expr (computing: move mouse over [sth])将鼠标停留在；将光标停留在Hover your mouse over the image for more information.huff [sth] vtr slang (inhale drug vapours)吸入The teacher caught the teenagers huffing glue.hug [sth] vtr (wrap tightly around)紧紧包裹；紧紧卷着Her jeans hugged her hips.hug [sth] vtr figurative (cling to)紧贴；紧挨The climber hugged the rock wall when his rope broke.hull [sth] vtr (shell: a seed, fruit, grain)剥去...的壳；除去...的壳A thresher is a piece of agricultural machinery that hulls grain.脱粒机是一种用于剥去谷物的壳的农业机械。hum [sth] vtr (tune, music: sing with closed lips)哼唱Helen hummed a song while she watered her plants.海伦在为植物浇水时哼唱了一首歌。humanize [sb/sth], also UK: humanise [sb/sth] vtr (make appear more sympathetic)使…显得更为人道；使…显得仁慈humanize [sth/sb], also UK: humanise [sth/sb] vtr (make more humane)使…人格化；赋予…人性humidify [sth] vtr (add moisture to: air) (为空气)加湿, 增湿hump [sth] vtr (bend outward)弓起；驼起The boxer humped his back to protect his head.拳击手弓起身子以保护自己的头部。hump [sth] vtr (heave)背起；扛起；举起The worker humped the box into the back of the truck.工人扛起箱子放到卡车后部。hundreds of [sth/sb] adj (amounting to hundreds) (人、物)几百个的Hundreds of people called in during the first hour.头一个小时就有数百人打进电话。hung up about [sth] expr informal, figurative (neurotic about [sth])对...过于敏感的Don't get hung up about your appearance - you look fine!不要太在意你的外表，你看起来很好！hung up on [sth] expr figurative, slang (preoccupied)全神贯注于某事；纠结于某事There's no need to get hung up on details - I just want a general overview of the situation.没必要纠结于细节，我只想了解一下大致情况。hunger for [sth] vi + prep figurative (feel strong desire)渴望Dan hungered for a vacation after being at work on a fishing boat for a month.在渔船上工作了整整一个月后，丹渴望休假。hunt for [sth] vi + prep figurative (search for [sth]) (比喻)搜索，追寻，寻找Dan was late for work because he had to hunt for his keys.因为找钥匙，丹上班迟到了。hunt [sth] vtr (kill for sport or food)猎取；捕猎Jon went to the mountains every year to hunt bears.乔恩每年都会进山去猎熊。hunt [sth] vtr (animal: chase prey)猎捕；猎取Wolves hunt prey in packs.狼成群结队地猎捕猎物。hunt for [sth] n (animal: chasing prey)狩猎；捕猎The hunt for fish takes up most of a seal's day.捕鱼近乎占掉了一只海豹一整天的时间。hunt for [sb/sth] n (search)搜寻；寻找The hunt for the killer took several years.对杀人凶手的搜寻花了好几年。hunt [sth] vtr dated (direct dogs)利用...狩猎；利用...打猎The nobleman went out to hunt his hounds.那名贵族男子带着猎犬出门狩猎去了。hunt [sth] vtr (patrol area for game)在...狩猎；在...捕猎The wolves hunted their territory for centuries.数百年来，狼群在自己的领地上捕猎。hurdle [sth] vtr (leap over [sth]) (栏架，障碍物)跳过，跨过Jaime hurdled the fence and ran away.杰米跨过篱笆逃跑了。hurdle over [sth] vi + prep (leap over [sth]) (本义)越过，跳过； (比喻义)克服The boys hurdled over the hedge and ran from the angry farmer.男孩子们越过篱笆，逃离了发火的农夫。hurl [sth] vtr (throw)猛投，用力扔，力掷Dan angrily hurled the broken computer down the stairs.丹怒气冲冲地将坏了的电脑扔下楼梯。hurl [sth] at [sb] vtr (words, insults: aim at [sb])冲着…气势汹汹地叫骂…Old Larry always sat on his front porch and hurled insults at the schoolchildren walking by.老拉里总是坐在前廊上，气势汹汹地冲着路过的学童们叫骂。hurry to do [sth] v expr (make haste)匆忙做某事He hurried to clean his apartment before his date arrived.约会对象来之前，他匆忙地打扫了公寓。hurry [sth] vtr (hasten [sth])赶紧完成，加快完成，仓促完成I can't hurry this task. You'll have to be patient.我没法仓促完成任务。你必须耐心点。hurry through [sth] vi + prep (do hastily)匆忙地做I hurried through the household chores, so I could watch the afternoon film on TV.hurry through [sth] vi + prep (cause to be done hastily)仓促地做This legislation is a disaster because the Government hurried it through Parliament.hurry through [sth] vi + prep (move hastily along or past)匆匆走过I turned up the collar of my raincoat and hurried through the rain-swept streets.hurt [sth] vtr (injure a body part)弄伤；使受伤He hurt his leg and had to leave the game.他伤了腿，不得不离开赛场。hurt [sth] vtr informal, figurative (damage)损害；危害The scandal hurt the politician's chances of re-election.husband [sth] vtr (manage carefully)谨慎使用；谨慎管理She husbanded the project to a successful conclusion.husk [sth] vtr (remove husk from)去皮；去壳The machine husks peanuts automatically.hustle [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (coerce, urge [sb] to do)哄骗...做某事The strange man on the corner was trying to hustle passers-by into buying cocaine.拐角处的陌生男子正试图哄骗路人购买可卡因。hustle [sth] vtr informal (sell [sth])兜售；售卖Jon hustled life insurance for a living after he lost his job working as a real estate agent.乔恩在丢掉作为房产中介的工作后，靠兜售人寿保险为生。hybridize [sth], also UK: hybridise [sth] vtr (produce a cross-breed)使杂交hydrate [sth/sb] vtr (moisturize, replenish moisture of)补水；使…吸入水分This lotion will hydrate your skin and soften the texture. When you exercise, make sure to hydrate yourself.这种乳液能滋润你的肌肤，软化肤质。运动时，确保要给自己补水。hydrogenate [sth] vtr (process with hydrogen)使...氢化hydrolyze [sth], also UK: hydrolyse [sth] vtr (chemistry: dissolve [sth])使水解hymn [sth/sb] vtr (praise by singing hymns)因唱圣歌受到称赞hype [sth], hype [sb] vtr (promote)大肆宣传，炒作，为…大做广告The company went on the radio to try to hype their big event.该公司上电台大肆宣传他们的重大活动。hyperlink [sth] vtr (turn into an internet link)超链接...I hyperlinked my name so that if you click on it, it takes you to my website.hyperlink [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (turn into an internet link)把...超链接到...Make sure you hyperlink the text to any website you mention.hypertrophy [sth] vtr (bodily organ: cause to enlarge)使...增大hyphenate [sth] vtr (insert a hyphen in or between)用连字符连接I'm sending out invitations; do you know if Margret hyphenates her surname?我正在发邀请。你知道玛格丽特是否要用连字符连接她的姓氏吗?hypothesize [sth], also UK: hypothesise [sth] vtr (with object: make a hypothesis) (后接宾语)假设，假定The scientist hypothesized a way to remove salt from ocean water.ice [sth] vtr (cover with ice)使表面结冰；使表面冻结The cold winter iced the river.ice [sth] vtr (freeze)冻住；冻结The blizzard iced the airplane's wings.ice [sth] vtr (cool with ice)用冰给…降温；冰敷You need to ice that sprained ankle to reduce the swelling.ice [sth] vtr Can (hockey) (加拿大)越过对方球门线The home team missed an opportunity because they iced the puck.ice [sth] vtr (refrigerate)冷冻；冷藏She wanted to ice the excess meat.ice [sth] vtr mainly UK (cake: add thin sugary coating) (糕饼)给…覆糖衣，给…滚上糖霜Will you ice my wedding cake, please?idealize [sth/sb], also UK: idealise [sth/sb] vtr (portray in a romanticized way)将…理想化；理想化地描述Albert idealizes the military; he thinks it's all fighting and glory.idealize [sth/sb], also UK: idealise [sth/sb] vtr (consider as ideal)把…当作理想对象Bernard idealizes life on the beach because he loves surfing.idealize about [sth], also UK: idealise about [sth] vi + prep (conceive [sth] in ideal form)把…理想化Ruth idealizes about living in rural Italy, but I suspect the reality will be very different.ideate [sth] vtr formal (form an idea of)对...形成概念identical to [sth] adj + prep (exactly the same as)与...完全一样的I tried to get into a car that was identical to mine.identify [sb/sth] vtr (recognize identity)认出；识别出The witness identified the criminal.目击证人认出了罪犯。identify [sth] vtr (recognize [sth] exists)认为是；经过鉴定证实是Several people were identified as possible suspects in the robbery.好几个人被认为是这起抢劫案的嫌疑犯。identify as [sb/sth], self-identify as [sb/sth] v expr (consider as your identity)自我认同为；认为自己是A person who identifies as non-binary may use the pronoun "they".认同自己是非二位性别的人可以使用“they”作为人称代词。identify with [sth] vi + prep (understand feelings, etc.)对某事感同身受Anybody who has been through the same experience will be able to identify with Amy's disappointment.有同样经历的人都能感受到艾米的失望之情。identify [sb/sth] with [sb/sth] vtr + prep (consider related to)将...视作；将...与...认同Voters identify the party leader with a new kind of politics.identify yourself with [sb/sth] v expr (associate with [sb], [sth])参与（团体等）；和…打成一片The largest group of people that don't identify themselves with a religion is young people.idolize [sb/sth], also UK: idolise [sb/sth] vtr (worship: a god) (对象为神)崇拜，对…顶礼膜拜Primitive people often idolized natural forces.ignite [sth] vtr (fire: start)点燃；引发The spark ignited the tinder, and soon a fire was roaring in the fireplace.火星点燃了火绒，很快壁炉里就燃起了大火。ignite [sth] vtr figurative (bring about intensely)激起；引起The police shooting of an unarmed teenager ignited huge protests.ignite [sth] vtr (chemistry: heat)使灼烧；使燃烧The chemist ignited the sample on the bunsen burner.ignorant of [sth] adj + prep (person: unaware, uninformed) (人)不知道；不知情She claimed that she was ignorant of the new regulation.她声称她对新规定一无所知。ignore [sth] vtr (pay no attention to [sth]) (对事)不顾, 不理He ignored the requests for help.他对那些帮助请求置之不理。ignore [sth/sb] vtr (neglect)忽视；忽略；无视I shouldn't ignore that room any longer. It is time to clean it.ignore [sth] vtr (overlook, not consider: a problem)忽视；不考虑；不理会Parents can no longer ignore the dangers of the internet.ill afford [sth], ill afford to do [sth] v expr (not be permitted the luxury of [sth])负担不起；承担不起备注: "Afford" in this sense usually follows a derivative of "can."Bill's dire financial situation meant he could ill afford a vacation.ill-treat [sb/sth] vtr (abuse)虐待某人ill-use [sb/sth] vtr (treat badly, abuse)虐待，折磨illuminate [sth] vtr (fill with light)照亮；为…提供照明The room is illuminated by skylights.天窗照亮了房间。illuminate [sth] vtr figurative (clarify)阐明, 清楚地解释Can you illuminate this difficult passage for me?你能给我解释一下这一复杂的段落吗?illuminate [sth] vtr (decorate with lights)用灯装饰The downtown area will be illuminated for the celebration.为了庆祝活动，市中心将进行灯光装饰。illuminate [sth] vtr (manuscript: decorate) (书稿等)用鲜明的色彩装饰Monks used to spend many hours illuminating manuscripts.僧侣过去常常花大量时间来装帧手稿。illumine [sth] vtr (illuminate)照亮；照明illustrate [sth] vtr (depict) (用图片等来)描述，阐述，描绘This diagram illustrates the process of cell division.这张示意图描绘了细胞分裂的过程。illustrate [sth] vtr figurative (explain, clarify)解释；阐释；阐明These statistics will help to illustrate my point.这些统计数据将有助于阐释我的观点。illustrate [sth] vtr (provide pictures)为…加插图，为…画插图Who illustrated the book?谁给这本书画的插图？image of [sb/sth] n (perception, idea)对…的印象，对…的概念I have this image of him as being a very nice person.我对他的印象是他人很好。the image, the very image, the very image of [sth/sb] n (copy)翻版；酷似之物This painting is the very image of the original.这幅画酷似原作。the image, the very image of [sth] n figurative (embodiment)化身；体现He was the image of male aggressiveness.他是男性争强好胜的典型化身。image [sth] vtr (make image of)拍摄…的图像A probable planet orbiting Beta Pictoris has recently been imaged.最近拍摄到一颗可能围绕绘架座β公转的行星。imagine [sth] vtr (conceive of, picture)想象；设想Harry tried to imagine a world where there was no suffering.哈里试图设想一个没有痛苦的世界。imbibe [sth] vtr (person: drink, ingest) (指人)喝，饮If you imbibe too much alcohol, you will get drunk.imbibe [sth] vtr (plant: soak up, absorb) (指植物)吸收Plants must imbibe enough water in order to grow.为了生长，植物必须吸收足够的水分。imbibe [sth] vtr figurative (person: take in, absorb) (新知识等)接受, 吸取, 吸收If you attend Professor Johnson's class, you will imbibe more information than you handle.imbue [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (pervade)使充满；使浸透；使弥漫The magician imbued his act with a sense of wonder.魔术师让他的表演充满了奇妙感。imbue [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (dye)使…染色；把…弄污Margret imbued the fabric with a bright red dye.玛格丽特用亮红色染料为织物染色。imitate [sth] vtr (copy, mimic)仿造；仿制Animals instinctively imitate the behaviour of their parents.动物本能地模仿其父母的行为。imitate [sth] vtr (resemble)像；似Give me an example of how life imitates art.给我举一个生活近似艺术的例子。immerse [sth] vtr (submerge in liquid)使浸没Immerse the vegetables briefly and rinse off.将蔬菜稍微浸泡一下，然后冲洗。immerse [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep (submerge)使…沉浸在Janet immersed her burned fingers in cold water.珍妮特将烧伤的手指浸在冷水里。immerse yourself in [sth] v expr figurative (be absorbed)使自己沉浸于；使自己专注于She had immersed herself in her studies and didn't hear the doorbell.immersed in [sth] adj + prep (submerged in liquid)浸入的Leave the chicken immersed in the brine for one hour.immersed in [sth] adj figurative (absorbed: in activity)全神贯注的, 沉浸于…中的He was immersed in a novel and didn't want to join us.他沉浸在一本小说里，不想和我们一起玩。immobilize [sb/sth], also UK: immobilise [sb/sth] vtr (prevent from moving)使无法移动When Jenny saw the horror movie, she was immobilized by fear.immobilize [sth], also UK: immobilise [sth] vtr (injured limb: keep in place) (用夹板等)固定（肢体）If you break your ankle, you must immobilize it until it's healed.immolate [sb/sth] vtr (offer as a sacrifice)献祭；把…作为牺牲品；宰杀…作为祭品immolate [sb/sth] vtr (burn to death)烧死；将…作为祭品烧掉immortalize [sb/sth], also UK: immortalise [sb/sth] vtr (make famous or historic)使不朽；使流芳百世；使名垂千古Barack Obama will be immortalized as the first African American president.immortalize [sb/sth], also UK: immortalise [sb/sth] vtr (commemorate)纪念；使永垂不朽We will immortalize the fallen soldiers by erecting a monument in their honor.immune to [sth] adj + prep (resistant: to disease)免疫的Some people seem to be immune to stomach flu.immune from [sth] adj + prep figurative (legally exempt: from [sth])免除The foreign dignitary is immune from prosecution.immune from [sth] adj + prep figurative (exempt: from [sth])免于Even the King is not immune from criticism in a democracy.immune to [sth] adj + prep figurative (not sensitive: to [sth])无响应的；无反应的；不受…影响的I'm immune to your efforts to make me feel guilty.你想让我感到内疚的行为并未对我产生影响。immune to doing [sth] expr (not sensitive: to [sth])不敏感He was born with a rare condition which made him immune to feeling pain.immunize [sb] against [sth], also UK: immunise [sb] against [sth] vtr + prep (vaccinate [sb] against [sth])为…接种防止…的疫苗Children in the U.S. are all immunized against polio.immure [sb/sth] vtr (enclose, wall in)监禁；禁闭impact (on [sth/sb]) n figurative (influence)对…有影响，对…产生作用His complaining has no impact on me.他的抱怨对我毫无作用。impact on [sth/sb] vi + prep (affect)起作用；有影响The economic recession is expected to impact on the company's profits.这场经济衰退预计会对该公司的利润造成影响。impact [sth/sb] vtr figurative (affect)影响Financial difficulties have impacted the company's ability to take on new projects.财务困难影响了公司承担新项目的能力。impact [sth] vtr (strike)打击；撞击The pile driver impacts the girder with great force.impair [sth] vtr (make less effective)损害；削弱The bright sunlight impaired Frank's vision.刺眼的阳光损害了弗兰克的视力。；impale [sb] on [sth] vtr (pierce or spike)刺穿, 钉住； (刑罚)把...钉在桩上The force of the crash threw the driver from the car and impaled him on a piece of rebar.碰撞的力量将司机甩出车外，并被一根钢筋刺穿。impart [sth] vtr (knowledge: share) (知识、技艺)传授Our aim is to impart practical knowledge about this subject.我们的目的是传授有关这门学科的实用知识。impart [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (knowledge: share with [sb])传授Elena is able to impart knowledge to her students in a fun and interesting way.impart [sth] vtr (secret: make known) (秘密)透露, 告知He refused to impart the secret of how he had met his partner.他拒绝透露他如何遇到他的合伙人的秘密。impart [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (secret: tell [sb])告诉Jenny refused to impart the secret to anyone.impatient to do [sth] adj (anxious, eager)迫切的；迫不及待的；焦急的We're impatient to learn if our application has been accepted.我们迫不及待想知道申请是否已被通过。impatient for [sth] adj + prep (eagerly awaiting)热切盼望；对…迫不及待It's only Monday and I'm already impatient for the weekend to arrive.今天只是周一，可我已经热切盼望着周末的到来了。impatient of [sth] adj + prep formal (intolerant of)对…没耐心Those impatient of lengthy descriptions should avoid this author's writing.impede [sth] vtr (hamper: progress)阻碍Bad weather seriously impeded progress on the project.受到恶劣天气影响，项目的进程受到阻碍。impede [sb] from doing [sth] vtr + prep (hinder: [sb])阻碍某人做某事The basketball player impeded his opponent from scoring.篮球运动员阻止自己的对手得分。impel [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (incite to)驱使某人做某事；驱使某人变得The sight of such injustice impelled Kirsty to anger.impel [sb] to do [sth] v expr (incite: to take action)促使Harvey was diagnosed with cancer, which impelled his family to donate to the American Cancer Society.impel [sth] vtr (drive forward)推动The strong wind impelled the sailboat.imperil [sth] vtr (put at risk)使…处于危险；危害When you don't do your job correctly you imperil this company.impinge on [sth], impinge upon [sth] vi + prep (encroach: on [sb]'s rights)侵犯Their demands impinge on local farmers' rights.impinge on [sth], impinge upon [sth] vi + prep (have impact: on [sth])影响；对…产生影响Pressure from work is impinging on his personal life.implant [sth] vtr (insert, embed)植入My pacemaker was implanted a year ago.我的心脏起搏器是在一年前植入的。implant [sth] in [sth], implant [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (insert, embed)将…置入Researchers implanted electrodes in the mouse's brain.implant [sb/sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (insert, fit)植入The patient was implanted with a pacemaker.implant [sth] vtr figurative (idea: instil)灌输The radical professor implanted ideas in his students' minds.implement [sth] vtr (put into effect)使生效；履行；实施The contract was implemented after everyone agreed.每个人都同意以后合同就生效了。implementer (of [sth]) n ([sb]: puts [sth] into effect)…的执行者；…的实施者implicate [sb] in [sth] vtr (involve, embroil: in [sth])涉及Valerie's testimony implicated her husband in the crime.implicate [sth] vtr (imply)暗示；暗指；意味着The results of the study implicate a link between needing eyeglasses and above-average intelligence.研究结果暗示，需要戴眼镜与高于常人的智商之间存在联系。be implicated in [sth] v expr (shown to be involved in)被牵连进；被牵涉进Many Members of Parliament are implicated in the expenses scandal.implore [sb] to do [sth] v expr (beg to do [sth])恳求I implore you to set me free. I am innocent!import [sth] vtr (from other country)进口The United States imports a lot of gas from other countries.import [sth] vtr (data) (数据)导入，转入The IT guy used his flash drive to import the data to the computer.import [sth] vtr (mean, convey)意味着This omen imports great things for the future.impose [sth] vtr (enforce, esp. by law)强加；强制实行The council has imposed a new parking tax.委员会已经强制开始征收一种新的泊车税。impose [sth] on [sb] vtr + prep (force on)把…强加给The dictator imposed his will on the people.这位独裁者把自己的意愿强加给人民。impose [sth] on [sb] vtr + prep (enforce by law) (法律)处以，执行The court imposed a fine on the business.法庭对这家企业处以了罚金。impose [sth] on [sb] vtr + prep (pass off)硬把某物塞给某人；把某物强加给某人The awful writer imposed his terrible writings on the unsuspecting public.那位糟糕的作家把自己的蹩脚作品强加给了毫无戒心的公众。impose [sth] vtr archaic (printing) (印刷术)把...装版impound [sth] vtr (animal, etc.: shut in a pound)把…锁起来；把…关起来The city impounds all the stray dogs.市政府将所有的流浪狗都关了起来。impound [sth] vtr (seize: possessions, vehicle) (财物、车辆)扣押；暂时扣留The police impounded my car last night because it was blocking a fire hydrant.impound [sth] vtr (water: enclose in reservoir)蓄水The farmer built a dam to impound the water in a reservoir near his fields.农夫建立一个水坝，用来蓄积他的农田附近水库中的水。impoverish [sb/sth] vtr (make poor)使贫穷；使贫困The newly passed trade deal did little more than impoverish the nation's working class.新通过的贸易协定只会让美国的工人阶级更加贫困。impoverish [sth] vtr figurative (diminish quality of [sth])使贫穷；使贫困Poor farming practices has impoverished the land.impregnate [sth] vtr (fertilize)使怀孕；使受精impregnate [sth] vtr (soak [sth] with some substance)使…浸透Next, impregnate the wood with this oil to give it a beautiful and lasting finish.impregnate [sth] vtr (infuse [sth] with a certain feeling) (思想、感情)灌输，使…充满The priest impregnated his sermon with optimism.impress [sth] vtr (stamp, imprint) (印章)印，盖The nobleman impressed his seal into the wax.那位贵族将自己的印章盖在蜡封上。impressed by [sth/sb], impressed with [sth/sb] adj + prep (admired [sth])对…印象深刻的I was impressed by her professionalism. I was very impressed with George, because he was so smart.我对她的专业精神印象深刻。乔治非常聪明，我对他印象深刻。impressed with [sth] adj + prep (stamped, imprinted with)印有…的；刻有…的The medallion was impressed with the name of its creator.奖章上刻有其制造者的名字。imprint [sth] vtr (mark)印；压印The worker imprinted his mark into the cement.工人把他的标记印在水泥上。improve [sth] vtr (make better)改进；改善We worked hard to improve this website.我们花了很多功夫来改进这个网站。improve [sth] vtr (perfect)改进，改善，提高，完善He tried to improve his technique through constant practise.他试图通过不断练习来提高自己的技术。improve [sth] vtr (upgrade, develop)提升，升级，改善，使更好I want to improve my home by installing a new kitchen.我想新装一个厨房来改善我家。improve [sth] vtr (correct)改正；改进He improved the text so that there were no spelling mistakes.improve [sth] vtr (make more valuable)使更有价值；使更贵重；提升...的价值I improved my farm by adding more land.improvise [sth] vtr (music: play spontaneously)即兴演奏；即席演奏Without preparation, the band improvised a new song.乐队在没有准备的情况下，即兴演奏了一首新歌。improvise [sth] vtr (invent spontaneously)即兴创作Trying to get Bennie to sleep, his mother improvised a story.为了哄本尼睡觉，他妈妈临时编了一个故事。impugn [sth] vtr (call into question)对…表示异议或怀疑Cathy impugned her boyfriend's story about staying out late playing cards.impute [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (attribute)把…归咎于，把…归罪于；把…归因于The reporter imputed the war to greedy politicians.in a cloud of [sth] adv (enveloped, shrouded: by [sth]) (烟、雾、尘埃等)被...包围地；被笼罩地；被覆盖地He appeared in a cloud of smoke.他在一团烟雾中出现。in a state of [sth] expr (in a specified condition)处于...状态中The election results were inconclusive, and left the country in a state of confusion.in accord with [sth] expr (in agreement with)与...一致in accord with [sth] expr (corresponding to)与...相符in accordance with [sth] expr (conforming to, as stipulated by)按照；根据Always use medicines in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.To be in accordance with the law, you must pay your taxes.请总是按照说明书服药。// 根据法律，你必须纳税。in aid of [sth] adv (for the benefit of: [sth])为了帮助...in and out of [sth] adv + prep informal (present briefly)在...上匆匆露面；来去匆匆于He was in and out of the meeting so fast, we barely noticed him.in answer to [sth] expr figurative (as a response)作为对...的回答；作为对...的响应The restaurant has added several low-fat dishes, in answer to the current demand for healthier food.in answer to [sth] expr (as a reply)作为对...的回答；作为对...的响应in anticipation of [sth] expr (in expectation of)期待；期盼My mouth was watering in anticipation of the lovely dinner my husband was cooking me.in ascending order of [sth] expr (smallest to largest: height, importance)升序排列in awe of [sb/sth] adj + prep (amazed by, admiring of)惊叹于；叹赏于I'm in awe of your bravery!in bed with [sb/sth] expr figurative (in collusion with)与…勾结The mayor's in bed with the property developers to get the plans approved quickly.in case of [sth] expr (as a precaution against)防备；以防Take your umbrella with you in case of rain.in case of [sth] expr (in the event of)如果发生；倘若；万一In case of emergency, walk in an orderly fashion to the assembly point.in charge of [sth] expr (having control of [sth])控制；掌控Wendy is going out tonight, so her husband is in charge of the children's dinner.温迪今晚要出门，所以由她丈夫负责孩子的晚餐。in charge of doing [sth] expr (responsible for a task)负责As secretary, Jess is in charge of taking down the minutes of the meeting.作为秘书，杰西负责记下会议纪要。in charge of [sth/sb] adj + prep (managing [sb], [sth])负责；主管；是…的主管The editor is in charge of a large team of journalists.编辑主管一个庞大的记者团队。in command of [sb/sth] adj + prep (leading, in charge)负责；领导，率领，指挥in command of [sth] adj + prep (having control of [sth])控制in comparison with [sth/sb], in comparison to [sth/sb] prep (when compared to)与…相比较In comparison with John, Ollie's a giant.In comparison to you, she's just an amateur.与约翰相比较，奥利就如巨人一样高大。// 与你相比较，她简直就是个业余选手。in compliance with [sth] expr (conforming, agreeing)根据；按照be in compliance with [sth] v expr (conform, agree)与...相符；与...一致in conflict with [sth] prep (against)与…冲突；和…相抵触She demonstrated behavior which was in conflict with her upbringing.in connection with [sth/sb] expr (related to)与…有关；和…有关in contention for [sth] adj + prep (competing for [sth])为...竞争的；为...展开竞赛的in contrast to [sth] expr (unlike)与…相反In contrast to his work so far, the project he just turned in was superb.in contrast with [sth] prep (as compared with)与…相对照；与…形成对比Her hair's jet black, in contrast with her daughter's blonde locks.in control of [sth] expr (in charge) (物)控制；掌控in control of [sth] expr (has mastery of [sth])控制Even with the pouring rain, she was very much in control of the car.in control of [sth] expr (mastering emotions) (情绪)控制in danger of doing [sth] expr (at risk of)处于…危险之中；有…的危险If you walk in the middle of the road you're in danger of being hit by a car.如果你在路中间行走，就会有被车撞的危险。be in debt to [sb] for [sth] v expr figurative (morally obligated)因某事而欠某人的；欠...的...be in debt to [sb] for doing [sth] v expr figurative (morally obligated)因做某事而欠某人的I will be forever in debt to you for saving my life.in default of [sth] prep formal (in the absence of)由于...的缺失in defense of [sb/sth] (US), in defence of [sb/sth] (UK) prep (justifying, in favor of)赞同；同意；偏好The minister spoke in defense of anti-pollution laws.in defiance of [sb/sth] expr (in spite of)虽然有；即便有in dispute with [sb] about [sth] expr (in disagreement)争论中；有争议的；有争端的I'm in dispute with my neighbour about whose job it is to mend the fence between us.in excess of [sth] expr (more than)超过；超出；多于They say that in excess of 2000 people die from heart attacks annually. This price is in excess of your original quote.他们说每年有超过2000人死于心脏病。这个价格超出了你们原先的报价。in exchange for [sth] prep (in return for)交换The little boy woke to find that the Tooth Fairy had left him a shiny coin in exchange for his tooth.小男孩醒来后发现牙仙子留给他一枚发光的硬币来换他的牙齿。in favor of [sth] (US), in favour of [sth] (UK) adj + prep (approving of [sth])赞成；赞同in favor of doing [sth] (US), in favour of doing [sth] (UK) expr (approving of [sth])赞成做某事；赞同做某事be in for [sth] v expr (be about to endure)会遭受It looks as though we're in for a long night.in harmony with [sth] prep (music: sounds pleasing) (音乐)与…声音和谐, 与…协调The viola section is in harmony with the cellos in this section of the piece.in harmony with [sth] prep figurative (agreeing)与…和谐一致；与...观点一致His views are completely in harmony with those of the conservatives.in harmony with [sth] prep (colour: co-ordinating) (颜色)与…调和, 与…协调Do you think this pale green's in harmony with the rest of the living-room?in honor of [sth/sb] (US), in honour of [sth/sb] (UK) prep (to mark, acknowledge [sth] or [sb])为向…致敬；为纪念…Saigon was renamed in honour of Ho Chi Minh in 1976.be in keeping with [sth] v expr (conform to [sth])与…相符, 与...一致Levels of attainment at this school are in keeping with national expectations.in lieu of [sth] expr (in place of)代替The Vice-President will attend the summit in lieu of the President.in line with [sth] expr figurative (corresponding to)与…一致；与…相符合Our operating procedures are in line with state requirements.Make sure the system is set up in line with safety guidelines.be in line for [sth] v expr (be expected or entitled to get)是…继承人；是…的继任者Carrie is in line for the job, since she has worked here longer than anyone else in the team.卡丽有资格获得这份工作，因为她在这里工作的时间比团队里任何人都要长。be in line to do [sth] v expr (be expected to do)接下来将；继承Prince William is in line to succeed his father to the throne.威廉王子是其父王位的顺位继承人。be in love with [sth] v expr figurative (be very keen)爱上某物He is in love with the sound of his own voice.in need of [sth] expr (requiring [sth])需要Any homeless person in need of a bed can spend the night at this shelter.任何需要住宿的无家可归者都可以在这家避难所过夜。in opposition to [sth/sb] prep (against)反对；与…相对立We're demonstrating in opposition to the anti-immigrant legislation.in order for [sth/sb] to do [sth] expr (so that [sth] happens)为了使…In order for sales to be strong, our department needs to work hard this month.in place of [sth] expr (instead of, replacing [sth])代替某物；取代某物You can use tinned tomatoes in place of fresh ones in this recipe.in possession of [sth] expr (owning)拥有；占有I'm not in possession of a car at the moment so I can't offer you a lift.我现在没车，所以无法载你一程。in possession of [sth] expr (having)控制Brian's behaviour was so odd, his friends wondered if he was in possession of his faculties.布莱恩的行为很奇怪，他的朋友都怀疑他是否能控制自己。in praise of [sth/sb] adv (approvingly)赞扬；歌颂in pursuance of, in pursuance of [sth] prep (in search of)追求；寻求；探寻Many people lose their ideals in pursuance of financial success.in pursuit of [sth/sb] prep (chasing)追赶；追击The hounds were in pursuit of a fox.in pursuit of [sth/sb] prep (seeking)追求；追寻He went to the valley in pursuit of tranquillity.in quest of [sth] prep (searching for)探寻；寻求The sailors set off in quest of riches.in range of [sth] adv + prep US (close to doing [sth])即将After years of study, I'm finally in range of graduating.经过数年学习后，我终于即将毕业了。in readiness for [sth/sb] expr (so as to be prepared for)为...准备就绪；为某事做好准备I've done everything I was asked to in readiness for tomorrow's ceremony.in receipt of [sth] prep (having received)已收到；已接收We are in receipt of your letter of September 24, 2013.in reference to [sth/sb] expr (regarding, as related to)有关；关于in remembrance of, in remembrance of [sb], in remembrance of [sth] prep (to commemorate, as a memorial to)为了纪念；作为…的纪念We honor our veterans in remembrance of their service.in respect of [sth] expr (with regard, with reference)关于；在…方面The plaintiff was awarded damages in respect of the costs incurred.in respect to [sth] expr (with regard to)关于…；至于…Vancouver is one of North America's most progressive cities in respect to drug policy.in return for [sth] prep (in exchange, as payment)作为对…的回报He bought me dinner in return for the favour I did him.他请我吃饭，酬谢我对他的帮助。in return for doing [sth] prep (in exchange, as payment)作为对…的回报I cooked her a meal in return for looking after the kids while I was shopping.我给她做了一顿饭，作为她在我外出购物时帮我照看孩子的回报。in revenge for [sth] adv (in retaliation for)出于对...的报复in reward for [sth] expr (as recompense)作为...的报答I bought Ian a bottle of wine in reward for his help.in reward for doing [sth] expr (as recompense)作为对…的报偿或报答, 作为对…的报酬或答谢My parents bought me a new laptop in reward for passing my exams.in support of [sth/sb] prep (in favour of)支持In 2008 more Americans were in support of Barack Obama than John McCain.in support of [sth/sb] prep (as assistance to)协助；帮助There were many sponsor companies that donated equipment in support of the team.许多赞助商公司都捐赠器械来支持这只队伍。in sync with [sth/sb], in synch, in synch with [sth/sb] adj + prep informal, abbreviation, figurative (in synchronization, in harmony)与…同步的；与…协调一致的An employee who is in sync with the company culture is more likely to perform better.in tandem with [sth] expr (together, in conjunction with)与…一起，与…共同in terms of [sth] prep (in relation to)就某方面而论In terms of profit, the publisher made $15.3 million last year.就利润而论，出版商去年赚取1530万美元。in the absence of [sth/sb] prep (given the lack of [sth], [sb])由于...缺席；由于...缺失in the aftermath of [sth] prep (following: a disaster) (劫难)在...余波中In the aftermath of the hurricane, many people had to live in temporary accommodation while their homes were rebuilt.in the area of [sth] prep (within the vicinity of)在…附近I would not like to live in the area of a football ground.in the area of [sth] prep (subject: in the field of)在…领域He is an expert in the area of Roman history.in the center of [sth] (US), in the centre of [sth] (UK) prep (in the middle of)在…中间；在…中心in the course of [sth] expr (during a process)在...过程中；在...中in the course of [sth] expr (during a period of time)在...期间in the event of [sth] expr (in case of)在…的情况下；如果...发生In the event of a fire, make your way to the nearest exit.in the form of [sth] expr (as)以 ... 的形式；就像…Her reply came in the form of a smile.她以微笑的形式作答了。in the front of [sth] adv (in the forward part of a space)在前面地；在前方地Put the milk in the front of the fridge so it is easy to find.in the habit of doing [sth] prep (doing regularly)习惯于做某事；有做某事的习惯She was so in the habit of walking home after school that she forgot she needed to visit the store first.in the hope that [sth] (eagerly anticipating that)希望能；怀着 ... 希望I am writing to you in the hope that you will be able to offer me a job.in the interest of [sth] expr (for the sake or good: of [sth])为了；为了…的利益In the interest of good relations, it's important to get on with your neighbours.In the interest of safety, you should always buckle your seatbelt.in the lead-up to [sth] expr (in the period before)在...之前This change was reflected in the opinion polls conducted in the lead up to the election.be [sth] in the making v expr (in the process of being created)正在制作；正在创作备注: used with an amount of timeThe film was ten years in the making, and is considered a masterpiece.be in the market for [sth] expr (intending to buy)打算购买If you're in the market for a new laptop, here are our top five recommendations.如果您打算购买新笔记本电脑，我们为您推荐五个最佳选择。in the matter of [sth] expr formal (regarding)就...而论；在...方面备注: Often used in legal language, in reference to court cases.in the middle of [sth] prep (at the centre of)在…中央The Temple of Confucius is in the middle of the city.in the middle of [sth] prep (time period)期间；在...间Audrey was awoken by a noise in the middle of the night.in the middle of [sth] prep (among)在…的中间；处于…的中央In the middle of the skyscrapers stood one tiny house.in the middle of [sth] prep (still involved in)还纠缠在…之中We were in the middle of an argument when the phone rang.in the middle of doing [sth] prep (still doing)正在做I can't talk to you now. I'm in the middle of fixing dinner.in the midst of [sth] expr (in the middle of)在…中；正在…时Californians have been in the midst of a three-year drought.in the nature of [sth/sb] expr (having the character, qualities of)是...的天性；是...的本性in the neighborhood of [sth] (US), somewhere in the region of [sth] (UK) expr figurative, informal (approximately)大约；大概in the process of [sth] expr (during, in the course of)在…的过程中The robber tripped and broke his leg in the process of trying to flee.be in the process of doing [sth] v expr (be doing)正在…I am in the process of applying for a visa to travel to the USA.in the region of [sth] expr (approximately)大约；约in the shape of [sth] prep (having the form of)呈现...的形状；以...的形式in the thick of [sth] expr informal (in the midst of: a fight, etc.)在…之中，在…的时候in the train of [sth] expr (in the aftermath of)由于；因为In the train of the storm, many people were left homeless.in the wake of [sth], in [sth]'s wake prep (following)随着…；尾随…之后In the wake of the game the fans ran onto the pitch.In the wake of the Beatles' success a number of British bands released records in the US.in thrall to [sb/sth] expr (in the power of [sb] or [sth])受...控制；受...奴役in time for [sth] expr (not late for)及时；赶上Make sure you arrive in time for the start of the concert at 7 P.M.你一定要准时到达，音乐会晚上7点开始。in time to do [sth] expr (not late)及时I got to the concert in time to get a seat at the front.我及时赶上音乐会，抢到了前排座位。be in tune with [sth] v expr (sound: harmonious) (声音)与…合拍be in tune with [sth] v expr figurative (in harmony with [sth])与…合拍, 与…协调一致inactivate [sth] vtr (make inactive)使不活跃；取消激活inaugurate [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep (put into official role)举行就职典礼The company inaugurated a new CEO last year.inaugurate [sth] vtr (introduce, bring in)开创Next week we will inaugurate a new machine into the factory.下周，我们将为工厂添置一台新机器。inaugurate [sth] vtr (launch, open)启动；开始We are inaugurating a new cosmetics line at the end of this month.incapable of [sth], incapable of doing [sth] adj + prep (unable to do)不会；不能Sorry – I'm incapable of looking at you in that hat without laughing.incarnadine [sth] vtr (make crimson)染红；把…染成深红色incarnate [sth] vtr (embody)成为…的化身；使…具体化；附体incense [sth] vtr (church, etc.: perfume with incense)熏香；焚香incentivize [sb/sth], also UK: incentivise [sb/sth] vtr (give incentives to)鼓励；激励incept [sth] vtr (ingest)摄取The scientist studies how the organism incepts food.incident to [sth] adj + prep (naturally related)易发生的；易出现的Trauma is incident to the life of a soldier.士兵的生活中容易发生创伤。incidental to [sth] adj + prep (occurring as a side-effect)附带发生的；伴随的He suffered headaches incidental to the tumour.他得了肿瘤，并伴随着头痛。incidental to [sth] adj + prep (of minor importance to)对…而言是次要的The fact that his spelling's good is only incidental to his success as a writer.incinerate [sth] vtr (burn)烧毁；焚毁The trash was incinerated behind the building.垃圾在这幢建筑物后面被焚化。incise [sth] vtr (cut into)刻；雕incise [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (cut, engrave)用...切开...；用...雕刻...incise [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (engrave)在...上雕刻...incite [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (provoke to action)激起Be careful or your bold words could incite the people to revolt.incite [sb] to do [sth] v expr (provoke to do [sth])鼓动；煽动The speaker incited the miners to go on strike.incite [sth] vtr (stir up, prompt)促成；引起；引发The proclamation incited a riot in the country's capital.incline [sb] to do [sth] v expr figurative (dispose, influence)使倾向于；使有…的趋势The unexpected cheque inclined me to be a little extravagant.这张意料之外的支票让我感觉有点花费过大。incline [sb] toward [sth], incline [sb] towards [sth] vtr + prep figurative (give [sb] a preference for)使…更喜欢；使…更倾向于To be honest, the fact that Tom doesn't like it inclines me towards it even more.be inclined to do [sth] v expr (person: be willing, disposed to do)倾向He thinks she is dangerous and I'm inclined to agree with him.be inclined to do [sth] v expr (person: tend to do)倾向；很可能Don't believe everything my sister tells you. She is inclined to exaggerate.be inclined to [sth] v expr (person: tending to)倾向于He is inclined to skepticism where ghosts are concerned.inclined to believe [sth/sb] expr (tending to trust: [sb])倾向于相信Janice was inclined to believe Bill's version of the events.inclose [sth] vtr dated (surround)包围inclose [sth/sb] in [sth] vtr + prep dated (shut in, close off)把...关在...里inclose [sth] vtr dated (include in envelope)封装include [sth] vtr (contain)包含；有Does the silverware set include teaspoons?这套银具里有没有茶匙？include [sth] vtr (have as component)包括；包含…在内Does this price include parking?这个价格包含停车费吗？include [sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (have as participant in)将（某人）列入They were not included in the guest list.他们没被列入宾客名单。include [sth/sb] vtr (categorize)把…归入其中，将…列入其中If I were listing my top ten singers, I wouldn't include her.如果要列出我最喜欢的十大歌手，我不会将她包含在内。include [sth/sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (categorize)把…算入Let's include this book in the reference section.让我们把这本书也算入参考书目。include [sth] vtr (attach: a document)附上；加上When you apply for a job, don't forget to include your CV.当你申请工作时，别忘了附上你的简历。included in [sth] adj + prep (be encompassed by [sth])包含在，包括在included in [sth] adj + prep (involved, participating)参与inclusive of [sth/sb] adj + prep (including)包含，包括；包容，吸纳The price of the meal is inclusive of drinks.餐费中包含了饮品。incompatible with [sth] adj + prep (not going well with) (逻辑命题)不能同时成立的Your ideas are incompatible with any kind of good sense.你的想法与任何正确的决策都搭不上边。inconsistent with [sth] adj + prep (at variance with)不协调的；不符合的；不一致的This statement was inconsistent with the one he gave last week.这份声明与他上周发表的不一致。incorporate [sth] vtr (text, things) (文字等)包含，纳入Peter incorporated his favorite designs into his logo.彼得将他最喜欢的设计纳入到自己的标识中。incorporate [sth] vtr (idea) (想法等)包含，纳入Jim incorporated his political ideas into his school presentation.吉姆将自己的政治思想纳入到在学校做的演示中。incorporate [sth] vtr (change to corporate status)把…组成公司；组成公司Ben incorporated his home business last week.本上周成立了自己的家庭企业。increase [sth] vtr (make more numerous)提升；增加They increased the number of apples at the store.incubate [sth] vtr (cover so as to keep warm)覆盖…以保暖； (早产儿)在恒温箱内养育The researchers incubated the bacteria and observed any changes.研究人员培育细菌并观察它的变化。incubate [sth] vtr (sit on: developing eggs)孵化Chickens generally incubate their eggs for around three weeks before they hatch.鸡孵化蛋一般需要三周左右。incubate [sth] vtr figurative (consider, develop slowly: idea)酝酿, 缓慢发展I have been incubating a new idea for a short story that I want to write.为了一部我想写的短篇小说，我一直在构思新想法。inculcate [sb] with [sth] vtr (instil)持续灌输；反复教诲The government launched a propaganda program to inculcate the population with pro-state ideals.政府发起宣传，向民众灌输支持国家的想法。incumbent on [sb] to do [sth], incumbent upon [sb] to do [sth] expr (obligatory for [sb])某人必须履行某事；某人有义务做某事It is incumbent on the bride's father to make a speech at the wedding.新娘的父亲有义务在婚礼上致辞。incumbent on [sth], incumbent upon [sth] adj + prep archaic (resting on)倚靠在...上；躺在...上The man was incumbent on his bed.incur [sth] vtr (cause to self)招致；带来Jim incurred a penalty for cheating in the game.吉姆因在比赛中作弊而招致处罚。incur [sth] vtr (have happen)引起The business incurred some losses this quarter.本季度，这家公司出现了一些亏损。incur [sth] vtr (sustain expenses) (债务)蒙受，遭受Harry incurred some major gambling debts at the casino.indemnify [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (compensate: for [sth])补偿The company was forced to indemnify the man for all the costs he had incurred.indemnify [sth/sb] vtr (insure)保障；保证补偿The board took out insurance policies to indemnify several of their higher-ranked employees.董事会取出保单来赔偿几位高级别员工的损失。indemnify [sb/sth] against [sth] vtr + prep (insure: against [sth])就...赔偿This policy will indemnify you against all loss in case of fires, floods, or theft.该保单将就火灾、洪水或偷盗情况下的所有损失向你赔偿。indent [sth] vtr (text: put in from margin)使缩进；使缩排Indent each new paragraph one inch.每个新加段落均缩进一英寸。indent [sth] vtr (make an impression or dent in)刻进；在…上形成凹口He indented the lid using a bradawl and a hammer.他用一把锥钻和一把锤子在盖子上打造出凹痕。indent [sth] vtr (cut notches into [sth])使…成锯齿状The sea indents the coast near the town.indent for [sth] vi + prep UK (order in writing)订购indent [sth] vtr (write [sth] out in duplicate)一式多份地起草independent of [sth/sb] adj + prep (person: managing alone)独立于...的；不依赖...的I'm looking forward to getting a place of my own so I can be independent of my parents.我盼望着自己出去住，也好不依赖我的父母。independent from [sth] adj + prep (politics: autonomous)脱离…独立的，脱离…自治的Panama became independent from Columbia in the early 20th century.20世纪初，巴拿马脱离哥伦比亚独立。independent of [sth] adj + prep (regardless of, irrespective of)不管；不顾；纵使Independent of your opinion I am going to Florida on vacation.不管你有什么看法，我都要去佛罗里达州度假。independent of [sth] adj + prep (free)不受…约束的，独立于…的Tom's latest venture is independent of his other businesses.汤姆新近成立的企业独立于他的其他业务。index [sth] vtr (list contents of)编索引Google indexes every website in the world every few weeks.谷歌每隔几周就会对全球所有网站进行一次索引。index [sth] vtr (put an index in)给...编索引The writer indexed the book and submitted it to the printer.index [sth] vtr (indicate)指示；反映The cold weather indexes the arrival of fall.indicate [sth] vtr (point out, point to [sth])指示，指出Kyle indicated the office building where he works.卡尔指示了自己工作的办公大楼所在位置。indicate [sth] vtr (with object: show [sth])表现出；显示出；表明Maria's score on the test indicates a high level of intelligence.玛利亚在测试中的得分表明她智力很高。indicate [sth] vtr (say)表示；示意Peter indicated that he would like to go to the store.indicative of [sth] adj + prep (showing, suggesting)指示的, 表示的；象征的, 具有指标性的These results are indicative of the need for more investigation.indicator, indicator of [sth] n (sign, indication)信号；指标We look at several indicators to assess students' progress.This is an indicator of growth.我们采用几个指标来评估学生的进步情况。 // 这是一个增长指标。indict [sb] of [sth] vtr + prep (accuse, criticize for [sth])控告某人犯有（罪）；指责某人有（错）The journalist indicted the congressman of corruption.indifference to [sth/sb] n (lack of interest or concern)漠不关心；毫无兴趣Your indifference to my feelings is causing me a lot of unhappiness.indite [sth] vtr archaic (write: literary work)作诗, 写作, 写文, 赋诗, 创作individualize [sth], also UK: individualise [sth] vtr (customize, make [sth] unique)使具有个性；使个性化individuate [sth] vtr (identify, distinguish)个性化；使区别开来induce [sth] vtr (cause)引起；导致The riots induced panic in the entire country.暴乱在全国各地引发了恐慌。induce [sb] to do [sth] v expr (persuade)劝诱；诱使induce [sth] vtr (medicine: provoke, cause) (用药物等)引导，诱导The doctor induced a coma in the patient to prevent brain damage.为防止患者出现脑部损伤，医生诱导患者进入了昏迷状态。induce [sth] vtr (induction) (物理学)通过感应生成The physics teacher induced a current with a magnet.物理老师使用一块磁铁，通过感应生成了电流。induce [sth] vtr (stimulate: childbirth)人工催产Rachel was overdue, so the doctor induced labor at noon.瑞秋已经过了预产期，所以医生在中午已经为她人工催产。induct [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep (initiate into [sth])正式就职；赋予头衔Every baseball player hopes to be inducted into the Hall of Fame.indulge [sth] vtr (desire, appetite: satisfy)纵容；满足（欲望等）As it was a special occasion, I decided to indulge my desire for a glass of champagne.因为那天是一个特殊的日子，所以我决定纵容自己的欲望，喝一杯香槟。indurate [sth] vtr rare (harden)使...坚固，硬化industrialize [sth], also UK: industrialise [sth] vtr (place: develop industry)在（某地）发展工业；使（某地）工业化Globalization is industrializing developing countries.industrialize [sth], also UK: industrialise [sth] vtr (production: make industrial)使工业化Many companies are industrializing foods that used to be natural.indwell [sth] vtr literary, poetic (live within) (书面语, 诗歌用语)居住于infect [sb/sth] vtr (contaminate)污染；传染The germs had infected his wound.细菌感染了他的伤口。infect [sb/sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (contaminate with [sth])传染The traveler became infected with malaria.infect [sb/sth] vtr figurative (taint, corrupt)腐蚀, 使腐化Anarchism infected the youth.无政府主义腐化了年轻人。infect [sb/sth] with [sth] vtr + prep figurative (tainted by [sth])影响The news of the gold strike infected the townspeople with greed.infect [sb/sth] vtr figurative (affect, be spread among)感染；影响The teacher's sense of fun infected the whole class.infer [sth] vtr (deduce)推论，推断，推出Laura inferred the answer to the equation by looking at it.劳拉看着等式就推出了答案。infest [sth] vtr (invade, overrun) (昆虫、老鼠等)成群侵扰；横行Bed bugs infested the apartment.公寓内床虱滋生。infill [sth] vtr (fill, fill in)填入；填进The old quarry has been infilled and converted into residential properties.旧采石场已被填平，改建为了住宅区。infiltrate [sth] vtr (permeate)渗透, 浸润； (思想等)渗透Very little water can infiltrate this type of soil.很少有水能渗入这种土壤。infiltrate [sth] vtr (penetrate, enter)悄悄进入；潜入；混入Spies had infiltrated enemy headquarters.间谍已潜入敌人的总部。inflame [sth] vtr figurative (stir, excite: emotions) (情绪)刺激, 激起, 鼓动The president's passionate speech inflamed the audience.总统热情的演讲让听众们激情澎湃。inflame [sth] vtr figurative (intensify: a situation)加剧；使火上浇油Chris inflamed my problem by continuing to talk about it.inflame [sth] vtr figurative, usu passive (bodily organ: cause to swell)使...发炎；使...红肿The long run inflamed Albert's knee.长跑导致艾伯特的膝盖发炎。inflame [sth] vtr rare (set on fire)点火于；使…着火The criminal inflamed the house to hide the evidence.罪犯点火烧毁了房屋，以掩盖证据。inflamed (by [sth]) adj (infected, swollen) (指身体部位)发炎的My grandmother has arthritis and her joints are inflamed.我祖母患有关节炎，关节都发炎了。inflamed (by [sth/sb]) adj figurative (exacerbated)加剧的, 被火上加油的The situation was inflamed by the politician's careless remarks.那个政治家的轻率言论让局势进一步恶化。inflamed with [sth] adj + prep figurative ([sb]: impassioned)激动的；过热的He was inflamed with passion for her.inflamed (by [sth]) adj figurative (emotion: roused)激发的；唤起的Her jealousy was inflamed by his friendship with her sister.inflate [sth] vtr (fill with gas or air)给…充气；使…膨胀You have to inflate an air mattress before you can sleep on it.你必须先给气垫床充气才能在上面睡觉。inflate [sth] vtr figurative (enlarge or exaggerate)鼓吹, 夸大Don't compliment Dennis or you will inflate his ego.不要赞扬丹尼斯，你会让他的自尊心膨胀的。inflect [sth] vtr (verb: conjugate) (动词)使…词尾变化, 使屈折变化You can inflect a verb to change its tense.你可以改变动词的形式来更改它的时态。inflect [sth] vtr (voice: change intonation) (声音)改变…的音调抑扬When you inflect your voice in English you can change the meaning of what you're saying.通过改变英语的声调，你可以改变所说的意思。inflict [sth] on [sb] vtr (impose, enforce)强加This is a bad time to inflict new taxes on working people.现在不是向一般工作者征收新税的好时机。inflict [sth] on [sb] vtr (deliver: a blow, punishment)给予打击；使遭到打击The enemy inflicted severe injuries on them.敌人给了他们沉重的打击。influence [sth] vtr (play a part in determining)影响；左右The weather influenced his decision to stay home.他受天气影响，决定呆在家里。inform [sb] (of [sth]) vtr (notify)通知；告知As the senior police officer, I had to inform the parents of their son's death.作为高级警官，我不得不通知那对父母他们儿子的死讯。inform [sth] vtr figurative (give essence to)影响；导致Dan's grades informed his father's decision to ground him until he got his life in order.丹的成绩导致他父亲作出决定，在他改过之前，罚他不准出门。informed about [sth] adj + prep (know all about [sth])精通的；全面掌握的Lisa is well informed about American history; she recieved an A+ on her essay.丽莎精通美国历史；她写的议论文得了A+。informed about [sth] adj + prep (knowledgeable about [sth])被告知...的；被知会...的；获知...的Thanks to presentations by her staff, the president is informed about the crisis situation in the distant state.多亏手下员工做的演示报告，总裁才知道发生在那个遥远国度的危急情况。informed by [sth] adj + prep (influenced by [sth])受...影响的Her wardrobe style was informed by Hollywood stars of the 1940s.infringe [sth] vtr (breach, violate)违反；触犯If you infringe any of the rules you will be suspended.如果你违反任何规定，你将被停职。infringe on [sth] vi + prep (encroach on)侵犯；侵入Please don't infringe on the family's privacy after hours.infuse [sth] vtr (soak to extract [sth])泡；浸；浸泡The teabag needs to be infused for at least three minutes.茶包需要至少浸泡三分钟。infuse [sb/sth] with [sth] vtr figurative, often passive (fill: with idea, emotion) (观点、情绪)灌输, 注入The island is infused with history and tradition. The teacher tried to infuse his students with enthusiasm for the subject.这座岛屿拥有丰富历史和传统。老师尝试激发学生对该学科的热情。infusion, infusion of [sth] n figurative (introduction of [sth] new)引进The band is in dire need of an infusion of creativity.该乐队急需注入创造力。ingest [sth] vtr (take in: food, etc.)吃；吃下Ingesting poison can be fatal.服用毒药可能致命。ingrain [sth] in [sb], engrain [sth] in [sb] vtr + prep figurative (instil, implant) (思想、习惯等)使...根深蒂固My mother has ingrained good manners in me since childhood.从小时候开始，我母亲就让我建立了懂礼貌的观念。inhabit [sth] vtr (live, reside in: a place)居住在，居于Hermits have inhabited this forest for centuries.隐士们已经在这片森林里居住了数百年。inhabit [sth] vtr figurative (ideas: fill) (想法)充满，占据Some very peculiar notions seem to inhabit her mind.一些非常奇怪的念头似乎占据了她的脑海。inhale [sth] vtr (breathe in)吸入Inhale the fresh mountain air and enjoy the view.呼吸着山上新鲜的空气，欣赏着美景。inhere in [sth] vi + prep formal (be intrinsic quality of)天生；与生俱来inherit [sth] vtr (from relative) (遗产等)继承Dana inherited all of her mother's money.达娜继承了母亲所有的钱财。inherit [sth] vtr (in genes)遗传James inherited his grandfather's nose.詹姆斯遗传了他爷爷的鼻子。inherit [sth] vtr (from predecessor) (从前人或前任)接过, 接手The president inherited a lot of problems from his predecessor.总统从他的前任那里接手了许多问题。inhibit [sth] vtr (constrain, repress)禁止All these rules are inhibiting my creativity.initial [sth] vtr (sign with initials)在…上签署姓名的首字母缩写The customs official initialed the paperwork and let the box through.initialize [sth], also UK: initialise [sth] vtr (computing: start)启动The programmer initialized the new software.initiate [sth] vtr (start, set off)开始，启动Seth initiated the launch sequence.塞斯启动了“启动顺序”。initiate [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep (induct [sb] into [sth])吸收…加入The monks initiated him into the order.僧侣们吸收他加入教团。inject [sb/sth] vtr (give an injection to)给…注射；给…打针The chart indicates that no-one has injected the patient.这张表说明没有人给该病人进行过注射。inject [sb/sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (give an injection)注射Doctors inject patients with vaccines.inject [sth] vtr (administer by injection) (注入液体)注射The drug can be injected or taken orally.这种药物既可以注射，也可以口服。inject [sth] into [sb/sth] vtr + prep (administer by injection)注射给药The insulin must be injected into the buttocks.inject [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep figurative (mood, element of [sth]: introduce)引入, 导入Someone needs to inject some humour into these proceedings.我们需要有人为这些流程加入一些幽默感。inject enthusiasm into [sth] v expr (make enthusiastic)使…有热情；给…注入热情Despite the poor results, the Chairman somehow managed to inject enthusiasm into the shareholder meeting.injure [sth], injure your [sth] vtr (hurt: a body part) (身体某部分)伤害，使受伤Mike injured his leg when he fell down the stairs.麦克摔下楼梯，腿部受伤。injure [sth], injure [sb]'s [sth] vtr (hurt: [sb]'s feelings) (情感)伤害Pam's rejection of Jim injured his pride.帕姆的拒绝伤害了吉姆的自尊。injure [sth] vtr figurative (harm: business) (比喻)损害，使蒙受损失Canceling the deal would injure the company's relationship with the supplier.终止约定会损害公司与供应商的关系。injure [sth] vtr figurative (damage, reduce: chances) (比喻)危害，损害Bob's comments on unemployment have injured his chances of being re-elected.鲍勃对失业问题的评论损害了他重新当选的几率。ink [sth] vtr (deal, contract: sign) (合同等)签署The governor inked the bill and passed it into law.州长签署了这项提案，使之成为了法律。ink [sth] onto [sth] vtr + prep (draw)将...画在...上The designer inked the logo onto paper before scanning it into the computer to edit it.那位设计师先将商标画在纸上，然后扫描进计算机进行编辑。inlay [sth] vtr (decorate surface of [sth])镶嵌；镶补Today in class we will finish inlaying the cabinet doors.今天，我们将在课堂上完成橱柜门的镶嵌装饰。inlay [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (decorate surface with [sth])镶嵌The woodworker inlaid the lid of the box with strips of rosewood.inlet [sth] vtr (let [sth] in)使进入；使入内The engine inlets the gasoline and air, and then combusts it to capture its energy.innervate [sth] vtr (body part, organ: supply with nerves)使神经分布于innervate [sth] vtr (stimulate nerves in: body part, organ)刺激神经innovate [sth] vtr (bring about: [sth] new)革新Apple innovated portable electronics.苹果公司革新了便携式电子产品。input [sth] vtr (enter: data) (输入数据)输入We had to input all the names and addresses.我们需要输入所有姓名和地址。input [sth] vtr (contribute: ideas) (想法、意见等)贡献She input a number of good ideas.她贡献了很多好点子。inquire about [sth], enquire about [sth] vi + prep (ask for information on)询问，咨询；打听I'm phoning to enquire about the second-hand bicycle you advertised.我来电是想咨询关于你们广告上的二手自行车的信息。inquire into [sth], enquire into [sth] vi + prep (ask about)调查；查究；追究The FBI inquired into the murder of the young woman.美国联邦调查局（FBI）介入调查那名年轻女子的谋杀案。inscribe [sth] vtr (write a dedication)题献；题赠The ballplayer inscribed the boy's book.这位球员在男孩的书上题字。inscribe [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (dedicate)将某物题赠给某人The singer inscribed a copy of his autobiography to Lisa.inscribe [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (mark with [sth])题字The author inscribed the book with his pen.inscribe [sth] vtr (mark)题；刻The jeweler inscribed the inside of the rings.珠宝匠在戒指内侧刻上了字。inscribe [sth] vtr (geometry: draw inside)内切；内接First inscribe a square inside the circle and then measure the lengths of its sides.先在圆内画一个内接正方形，然后量一下它的边长。inscribe [sth] within [sth] vtr + prep (geometry: draw [sth] inside)内切The math teacher inscribed a circle in a square.inseminate [sb/sth] vtr (impregnate)使…怀孕；使…受精insensitive to [sth] adj + prep (unable to feel: pain, cold) (生理)对…感觉迟钝的，感觉不到…的，对…不敏感的，对…麻木的The anaesthetic will make you insensitive to pain.麻醉剂会让你感觉不到疼痛。insert [sth] vtr (put in: physically)插入，塞入；嵌入Seth inserted the DVD into the DVD player.塞斯将DVD塞入DVD播放器。insert [sth] vtr (put in: text) (文字等)添写，插入The editor inserted some comments to the author into the manuscript.编辑在手稿中插入了一些给作者的意见。inset [sth] vtr (set in, insert: [sth])插入；嵌入This page looks a little dry; maybe we should inset a photo somewhere.该页面看起来有点枯燥。也许我们应该在某个地方加入一张照片。inset [sth] in [sth], inset [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (insert: into [sth])嵌入The dress was too tight so the tailor inset a panel into the hem.inside of [sth] prep informal (within, in [sth])在…里Something was rattling inside of the box.inside of [sth] prep (time: within) (时间)在…之内My order arrived by post inside of a week.insinuate [sth] vtr (imply, suggest)暗示；旁敲侧击；含沙射影地说The trial lawyer insinuated doubt.辩护律师暗示出疑惑之处。insinuate [sth] vtr (insert, introduce [sth])缓慢进入；慢慢渗入insinuate [sth/sb] into [sth] vtr + prep (insert, introduce: into [sth])钻营；缓慢进入Robert insinuated his wife into the top echelons.insist on [sth] vi + prep (demand)坚持要求；坚决要求The strikers are insisting on higher wages.示威者坚决要求调高薪资。insist on doing [sth], insist upon doing [sth] v expr (be determined)坚决要做...；下定决心要做...Despite my complaints, he insisted on doing things his way.虽然我再三抱怨，他还是坚持要按自己的方法行事。insist on doing [sth] v expr (persist in [sth] annoying)坚持做...；一定要做...My daughter insists on playing her music loudly late at night.我女儿晚上坚持大声功放音乐。insolate [sth] vtr (expose to sunlight)使...暴晒inspect [sth/sb] vtr (examine critically)审视, 审阅；督查, 检验Inspect the car thoroughly before you sign the form.在表格上签字前，请先彻底检查一下汽车。inspect [sth/sb] vtr (examine officially)视察The general inspected the troops.inspire [sb] to do [sth] v expr (motivate [sb] to do [sth])激发某人做某事My sister's success in business inspired me to set up my own company.我妹妹下海成功，激发我也成立了自己的公司。inspire [sth] vtr (prompt: an idea)给…以灵感Kate uses music to inspire her artwork.卡伦用音乐给自己的艺术作品以灵感。inspire [sth] in [sb] vtr + prep (arouse [sth])激起；激发起Jeff's work inspired a lot of confidence in his abilities among the management, and he was promoted soon.杰夫的工作表现激起了管理层对他能力的信心，很快，杰夫就喜获升迁。inspire [sth] vtr often passive (divine guidance) (上帝)启发，启示，神启The martyr maintained that God had inspired her actions.inspirit [sth] vtr (animate, liven up)鼓励；激励inspissate [sth] vtr archaic (thicken, congeal)使浓缩install [sth] vtr (set up, put in place)安装Workers are coming to install the solar panels today.工人们今天会来安装太阳能板。install [sth] vtr (computing: put in, connect) (计算机)安装When you installed the program did you set up a password? I'm trying to install a new app on my phone, but it doesn't seem to be working.你安装程序时设置密码了吗？我正试着在手机上安装一个新的应用程序，但程序好像用不了。instance [sth] vtr (cite as example)以…为例instantiate [sth] vtr (exemplify, prove)举例说明；举例演示This new evidence instantiates my theory.该新证据例证了我的理论。instate [sth] vtr (bring in, introduce)引荐The government will instate a new legislation tomorrow.明天，政府将颁布一部新法。instead of [sth/sb] adv + prep (in place of)而非，而不是At Christmas, she cooks a nut roast instead of turkey.圣诞节她会烤坚果糕而非火鸡。instead of doing [sth] expr (rather than do [sth] else)而非做某事；没有做某事，而是I watched TV instead of doing my homework.我没做作业，而是看电视了。instigate [sth] vtr (cause: [sth])引起；使发生Who instigated the inquiry into the missing files?是谁启动了对丢失文件的调查？instigate [sb] to do [sth] v expr (incite, provoke: [sb])煽动；挑动；挑起We're hoping to instigate the workers to revolt.我们希望鼓动工人反抗。instill [sth] (US), instil [sth] (UK) vtr (pour by drops)注入；滴入The researcher instilled the liquid using a dropper.instill [sth] into [sth] (US), instil [sth] into [sth] (UK) vtr + prep (pour in by drops)滴注Instill the alcohol drop by drop into the solution.instill [sth] in [sb] (US), instil [sth] in [sb] (UK) vtr + prep figurative (impress: [sth] on [sb])逐渐向某人灌输；逐渐让某人培养Their grandmother instilled piety in them from an early age.instinct with [sth] adj + prep literary (imbued with)充满...的；满是...的institute [sth] vtr (establish)建立, 成立, 设立；制定Authorities have instituted a curfew to begin on Sunday.政府当局已于周日开始实施宵禁。institutionalize [sth], also UK: institutionalise [sb] vtr (absorb [sth] into a system)将…同化到某一体系；使制度化There are concerns that social media is complicit in institutionalizing misogyny within our societies.社会上有忧虑称，社交媒体为虎作伥，使厌女症在我们的社会中制度化。instruct [sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (show, teach [sb] [sth])指导；教授The paramedic instructed the class in the use of an AED.instruct [sb] on [sth] vtr + prep (show, explain to [sb] how to do [sth])指示；指导Carl instructed Ben on how to install his new sink.instruct [sb] to do [sth] vtr + prep (tell, command [sb])命令某人做某事；指示某人做某事The sports teacher instructed the pupils to sit down.instrument of [sth] n figurative (means)促成…的重要因素；…的手段The politician's corruption was the instrument of his downfall.腐败是促成该政客垮台的重要因素。instrument [sth] vtr (add instruments to)用仪器（器械）装备The robot instrumented the vehicles on the production line.instrumental in [sth] adj + prep (helpful, contributing to [sth])起重要作用The soprano was instrumental in the opera.instrumental in doing [sth] expr (helpful in achieving [sth])有帮助的My aunt was instrumental in my getting the appointment.insufflate [sth] vtr (blow or breathe into)吹入；吸入insufflate [sth] vtr (medicine: blow into cavity) (医学)吹入体腔insulate [sth] vtr (building: keep heat in)隔热；使…隔热Insulate the walls of your home with fibreglass or foam.加入玻璃纤维或泡沫使你住宅的墙壁隔热。insulate [sb] from [sth] vtr figurative (protect: [sb])使隔绝； (不良影响)使免受They're trying to insulate their children from all the public attention.他们试图让自己孩子远离公众的关注。insulate [sth] vtr (building: make soundproof)使隔音We've insulated the studio to prevent sound contamination.我们把播音室做隔音处理，防止噪音进入。insulate [sth] vtr (keep warmth in)使保暖；使与...隔绝You can insulate your mattress with a wool cushion.你可以用羊毛垫子来让床垫保温。an insult to [sth/sb] n (offending action)对…的侮辱，对…的羞辱Tom thought that being denied the job was a huge insult to him.在汤姆看来，没拿到这份工作是对他的巨大羞辱。；insure [sth] vtr (protect financially)给…保险Peter insured his life, health, and car all under the same plan.insure [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep (protect financially in case of [sth]) (金融)保护...免受...带来的损失integral part of [sth] n (inextricable aspect)不可或缺的部分The computer has become an integral part of our business operation.integrate [sth] vtr (into a whole)使成整体，使一体化；纳入，并入The engineer integrated the customer's demands into his plans.工程师将顾客的需求并入到他的方案中。integrate [sth] vtr US, usually passive (stop segregation)结束…的种族隔离By the end of the sixties, all the restaurants in the area were integrated.integrate [sth] vtr (mathematics: find integral of)求…的积分intellectualize about [sth], also UK: intellectualise about [sth] vi + prep (analyze [sth] using intellect)对…进行理性分析intellectualize [sth], also UK: intellectualise [sth] vtr (analyze [sth] using intellect)对…进行理性分析；对…进行理智分析intend to do [sth] v expr (plan)打算；计划I intend to give up smoking, starting tomorrow.我打算从明天开始戒烟。intend for [sth] to do [sth] v expr (mean to cause)打算使…发生She never intended for the gas tank to explode when she lit her cigarette.当她点烟的时候从没想过油箱会发生爆炸。intend [sth] for [sth/sb] vtr + prep usu passive (designate)指定将…用于，预定将…用于This money is intended for hurricane relief.这笔钱是要用于飓风救灾的。intend [sth] for [sth] vtr + prep (have in mind)在心里为…做…的打算Whatever you intend for disaster relief, you need to tell your staff.不管你对救灾的打算是怎样的，都需要告诉手下员工。be intended to do [sth] v expr (have as its purpose)有意做；故意做A lure is intended to attract fish.鱼饵是故意用来吸引鱼上钩的。intensify [sth] vtr (make more acute)加剧；使更为尖锐；使更为激烈This procedure may intensify the pain, but once it's done you will feel relief almost immediately.这个过程可能会加剧疼痛，但完成后你几乎马上就能感到疼痛得到缓解。intensify [sth] vtr (make stronger)使…变强；增强You need to intensify this drink if you want people to buy it.如果你希望人们买这种饮料，你需要让它更浓烈。intent on doing [sth] adj (determined)坚决要做；下决心要做Peter was intent on going to work even though he was sick.即便生病，彼得也坚决要上班。interact with [sth] vi + prep (use, operate [sth]) (事物)互相作用，互动The graphic designer built a new user interface that was easier to interact with.图像设计师创建了一个新的用户界面，让互动更加容易。interbreed [sth] vtr (animals: cross-breed)杂交；混种interbreed [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (animals: cross-breed with)使...和...杂交interbreed with [sth] vi + prep (inbreed with)与...繁殖intercept [sth] vtr (stop, catch)拦截；截住；中途阻止The football player intercepted the pass in midair.那名球员在半空中拦截了传球。intercept [sth] vtr (interrupt, hinder: progress)阻拦；妨碍The enemy intercepted a message before it could reach its destination.敌人在电报传至目的地之前截获了它。interchange [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (transpose)调换；易位Do you think it would be possible to interchange this part with that newer one over there?你觉得是否有可能把这部分和那个新部分的调换一下?interchange [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (exchange, swop)互换；交换I'd like to interchange the pears with the apples.我想把梨换成苹果。interconnect with [sth] vi + prep (connect, relate to [sth] else)互相联系interconnect [sth], interconnect [sth] and [sth] vtr (connect up, link)使...和...相互连接If you have multiple computers in your home, you can set up a network to interconnect them.interconnect [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (connect up, link)连接；联系The plumber had to interconnect the tubing with the faucet.管道工需要把管子和水龙头连接起来。interconnect with [sth] vi + prep figurative (link, relate to [sth] else)与...相联系The themes in this book interconnect with the film we studied last week.interconnect [sth], interconnect [sth] and [sth] vtr figurative (link up)使...与... 相联系interconnect [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep figurative (link up)使...与... 相联系interdict [sth] vtr (prohibit [sth])禁止；严禁interest [sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (induce participation by [sb])使…对…产生兴趣Can I interest you in some ice cream?interested (in [sth/sb]) adj (curious, fascinated)感兴趣的；关心的Are you interested in my problems or not?你到底关不关心我的问题？interested in doing [sth] adj + prep (wanting to do)对做…感兴趣，想要做I'm interested in starting my own business.我想要自己创业。interface with [sb/sth] vi + prep (communicate with)与…交流；与…通讯Dan called his manager and asked to interface with him for a moment.interface [sth] to [sth], interface [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (connect to)把…连接到；使…与…连接interfere with [sth] vi + prep (impede [sth])妨碍；干扰The microwave interfered with the signal.信号受到微波炉的干扰。interfere with [sth] vi + prep (tamper with [sth])乱动；胡乱摆弄Please do not interfere with the settings on my computer, as I have them just as I want them.我计算机上的设置都是按我想要的方式设的，请不要乱动。interfere in [sth] vi + prep (meddle in [sth])干涉；插手My sister is always interfering in my love life.我姐姐总是干涉我的感情生活。interfile [sth] vtr (file between, among)归档interject [sth] vtr (interrupt by saying)用话语打断David always interjected his opinion when it wasn't called for.在并非必要的时候，大卫总是插话来发表自己的意见。interlace [sth] with [sth] vtr (entwine, weave together)使交织；使交错Daniella interlaced her fingers with his.丹妮娜与他手指交叉紧握在一起。interlace [sth] with [sth] vtr figurative (combine, intersperse)在...中穿插；把...与...结合Dr. Johnson interlaced her lecture on Schubert with some of his music.interlard [sth] with [sth] vtr (intersperse)使…混杂在一起；把…掺入interleave [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep often passive (insert [sth] between pages of a book)将…插入书页间The bookbinder interleaved the sketchbook with glassine.装订工在速写本页间夹上了蜡光纸。interleave [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep often passive (insert [sth] between pages)在...和...之间插入空白页The pages of the medieval text had been interleaved with archival paper to protect the images.interleave [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (computing: alternate programs) (计算机信号)...与...交叉, ...与...交替interleave [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (computing: processing power) (计算机)交错处理...与..., 交错执行...和...interline [sth] vtr (write between the lines of: book, document)写在行间；在字行间做（记号）interline [sth] vtr (put a lining in: clothing)给...加内衬interlink with [sth] vi + prep (connect to [sth] else)连结interlink [sth], interlink [sth] and [sth] vtr (connect up)联结...与...You need to interlink the car and the trailer securely.interlink [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (connect up) 没有提供翻译 When we get married, let's interlink your bank account with mine.interlink with [sth] vi + prep figurative (be connected to [sth] else)与...联系；与...互联interlink [sth], interlink [sth] and [sth] vtr figurative (interconnect)将...与...相联；让...与...互联interlink [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep figurative (interconnect)将...与...互联intermingle [sth] and [sth], intermingle [sth] with [sth] vtr (mix together)使…与…混合The artist is famous for intermingling life and death in her pieces.这位艺术家因将生与死融入作品而闻名。intermix [sth] with [sth] vtr (combine, blend)使...和...混合；将...和...混在一起internalize [sth], also UK: internalise [sth] vtr (incorporate [sth])使内在化；内化Barbara has internalized many of the values of her parents.internalize [sth], also UK: internalise [sth] vtr (language, etc.: acquire) (语言学)使内在化Small children internalize the phonemes of their language.internationalize [sth], also UK: internationalise [sth] vtr (make [sth] international, global)使国际化interpenetrate [sth] vtr (penetrate [sth] else)互相渗透；相互贯穿In traditional Icelandic belief, the spiritual world interpenetrates the physical.interpolate [sth] vtr (insert, put in between)插入；嵌入interpolate [sth] vtr (mathematics: estimate intervening values) (数学术语)内插, 插值interpose [sth] vtr (insert, put in between)插入；嵌入interpret [sth] vtr (understand)把…理解为Joe interpreted his mother's request as an order and cleaned his room.乔把母亲的要求理解为命令，便清理了房间。interpret [sth] vtr (data, results) (对数据、结果等)解释，诠释，解读The researcher interpreted the data in an extensive analysis that she later had reviewed and published.这位科研人员在一份全面分析报告中对该数据进行了解读，其后又将报告送出去评审并发表。interpret [sth] vtr (art, poetry) (艺术、诗歌等)解读，阐释The literature professor asked his students to interpret the poem, and to write a paper about what they came up with.interrelate [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (create a mutual link between)使相互关联interrogate [sb] about [sth] vtr + prep (question on [sth])质问My wife interrogated me about my whereabouts after I didn't come home last night.interrupt [sth] vtr (cut off, create a break in)打断（思绪等）She spoke, interrupting my thoughts.她开口说话，打断了我的思路。interrupt [sth] vtr (disrupt)中止，中断，打断Weather interrupted the game in the second half.比赛进行到下半场时因天气原因而中断。intersect [sth] vtr (cross, cut across)贯穿The highway intersects the town.intersperse [sth] with [sth] vtr (scatter or place: [sth] in between)点缀The politician interspersed his speech with anecdotes.intersperse [sth] in [sth] vtr (scatter or place: in between [sth])散布；点缀Flowers were interspersed in the bushes.草丛中散步着鲜花。intertwine with [sth] vi + prep (be twisted together with [sth])缠绕The cotton fibers intertwine with the wool ones.intertwine [sth], intertwine [sth] and [sth] vtr (join by twisting together)把…拧到一起；把…扭到一起Intertwine the loose ends of the cord and tuck them in.把绳子放松的两头拧在一起并将它们塞进去。intertwine [sth] with [sth] vi + prep (join by twisting together)缠结The spinner intertwined one kind of fiber with another.intertwine with [sth] vi + prep figurative (be interconnected)与…相互关联In the movie the flashbacks intertwine with the present-day story.intertwine [sth] vtr figurative (interconnect)关联In the last chapter, the author intertwined the two stories.在最后一章，作者将两个故事关联了起来。intertwine [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep figurative (interconnect)将...与...结合；将...与...融合The director has intertwined fact with fiction to create a very powerful message.interweave with [sth] vi + prep (be threaded together with [sth])使交织The blue fabric is interwoven with gold thread.interweave [sth], interweave [sth] and [sth] vtr (join by threading together)交织A braid is made by interweaving three sections of hair.interweave [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (join by threading together)交错编织The craftsman makes his baskets by interweaving horizontal willow stems with upright ones.interweave with [sth] vi + prep figurative (be interconnected)混杂Lies were interwoven with truths in the witness's testimony.interweave [sth] with [sth] vi + prep figurative (interconnect)紧密结合The writer interwove real history with science fiction.interweave [sth], interweave [sth] and [sth] vtr + prep figurative (interconnect)紧密结合In this poem, the poet successfully interwove happiness and anger.在这首诗中，诗人成功地将幸福和愤怒结合在一起。intimate [sth] vtr (suggest, imply)暗示Pam intimated to Jon that his wife might be cheating on him.帕姆暗示乔恩他妻子可能出轨了。intimidate [sb] into [sth] v expr (coerce, frighten [sb] into [sth])威胁；恐吓The wrestler tried to intimidate his opponent into submission.intimidate [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (coerce, frighten [sb] into action)恐吓使屈服；威逼Intimidating a voter into staying away from the polls is inexcusable.我们不能宽恕恐吓选民不参加投票的行为。be into [sth] vi + prep slang (enjoy, like)喜欢，热爱Sabina is really into jazz music. Rob isn't into football.萨宾娜非常热爱爵士乐。罗伯不喜欢足球。intolerance to [sth], [sth] intolerance n (sensitivity to certain foods)不耐症；不耐受性I can't eat cheese; I have an intolerance to dairy.intolerant of [sth/sb] adj + prep (narrow-minded)对...心胸狭窄的Some of those churchgoers are intolerant of other religions.intolerant to [sth] adj + prep (cannot digest [sth])对...过敏的, 对...不耐受的For the first year of her life, my daughter was intolerant to all milk.intolerant of [sth] adj + prep (unwilling to put up with)不能容忍...的My boss has always been intolerant of workers who do not make an effort to improve.我的老板总是不能容忍那些不努力上进的员工。intone [sth] vtr (chant, recite)吟诵, 吟咏intone [sth] vtr figurative (say in a monotonous voice)声音单调地讲；毫无感情地说intrinsic to [sth] adj + prep (inherent to)固有的；本身的introduce [sth] vtr (new idea: present) (想法、观念等)介绍, 引入, 提出Let me introduce my theory.让我来介绍一下我的理论。introduce [sth] vtr (law: bring in) (法令等)引入，推行They introduced a smoking ban in pubs here in 2006.他们于2006年在本地酒吧推行禁烟令。introduce [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep ([sth] alien: add) (外来物种)把…引入…，把…引进…，把…传入…The cargo from Jamaica introduced the deadly insect into Spain.来自牙买加的货物将致命的昆虫引入了西班牙。introduce [sth] vtr (preface)作为…的开头，作为…的前言，作为…的开场白He introduced the topic with some historical background.他以历史背景作为这个话题的开场白。introduce [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep figurative (make familiar)向…介绍…He introduced me to this brilliant website.他向我介绍了这个精彩的网站。introduce [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (give first experience of [sth])给…介绍…；使…了解…Before being allowed to dive in the ocean, the trainees were introduced to the scuba equipment in the swimming pool.在得到海洋潜水的允许前，应当在水池里给受训人员介绍水肺设备。introduce [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep figurative (insert)将...加入...中；向...中插入He introduced an element of humour into his speech.他往自己的演讲中插入了幽默的元素。introduce [sth] vtr (product: launch)推出The company introduced the new model of the car in October.公司在十月推出了该车的新车型。introject [sth] vtr (psychology: incorporate) (心理学)融合intrude on [sth/sb] vi + prep (interrupt uninvited)闯入I hate to intrude on your party, but the noise is really bothering me.intubate [sb/sth] vtr (medicine: insert tube into an airway)插管intuit [sth] vtr (sense [sth] instinctively)本能地意识到inundate [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep figurative, often passive (overwhelm with [sth])使不胜负荷；充满The professor was inundated with papers to grade.inundate [sth] vtr often passive (flood)涌来；淹没Heavy rainfall inundated the village.be inundated with [sth], be inundated by [sth] v expr figurative (be overwhelmed)对...应接不暇inure [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (accustom to [sth] bad)习惯于The wife was inured to her husband's frequent adultery.invade [sth] vtr (country: enter with hostility)侵略；侵入In “The War of the Worlds” the Martians invade Earth.在世界大战一书中，火星人入侵了地球。invade [sth] vtr figurative (encroach or intrude upon: privacy, etc.) (隐私等权利)侵犯They're invading our privacy with these constant phone calls.他们不停地打电话，这侵犯我们的隐私。invalidate [sth] vtr (make invalid)使失效The judge invalidated the guilty verdict and set the defendant free.法官宣布有罪判决无效，释放了被告。inveigh against [sth] vi + prep formal (attack or criticize [sb] verbally)猛烈抨击；痛斥The priest inveighed against premarital sex.牧师猛烈抨击了婚前性行为。inveigle [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep (persuade by deceit)诱骗...进入The pedophile inveigled the small children into his car.inveigle [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (persuade by deceit)哄骗...做My brother managed to inveigle me into lending him money.invent [sth] vtr (new things)发明；创造Peter invented a new way to collect solar energy.彼得发明了一种收集太阳能的新方法。invent [sth] vtr (lies)捏造，虚构，编造Larry invented a ridiculous story about what he was doing last night.拉里为昨晚自己做了什么编造了一个荒谬的故事。inventory [sth] vtr (make a list)列入详细目录Pam inventoried the goods as they came in.货物进店后，帕姆开始清点。invert [sth] vtr (reverse)使颠倒；调换You need to invert those two words for the sentence to make sense.你需要调换两个词，这句话才讲得通。invert [sth] vtr (turn upside down)使…上下颠倒；使倒置When you invert the bowl the pudding should slide out easily.把碗倒过来时，布丁应该很容易滑出来。invert [sth] vtr (turn inside out)把…从里到外翻转You need to invert your tee shirts before folding them.在叠T恤前，你需要把它们从里向外翻转过来。invest [sth] vtr (spend money)投资It looked like a good deal, so Ben invested his life savings.因为它看起来是笔划算的买卖，所以本把毕生积蓄都投了进去。invest [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep (spend money on)在…上投资Lisa invested £10,000 in her brother's business venture.丽莎在她弟弟的创业公司投资了一万英镑。invest in [sth] vi + prep (buy, spend money on [sth])购买；在...上花钱；投资Laura invested in a new house and car after her promotion.I must invest in some good warm clothes before winter arrives.升职之后，劳拉买了新房子和新车子。// 冬天来临之前，我必须买些不错的保暖衣物。invest in [sth] vi + prep (commit money to, risk money on [sth])投资于；给...投资I am going to ask my father to invest in my business, as I can't get a bank loan.由于我拿不到银行贷款，所以打算去叫我爸给我的生意投资。invest [sth] vtr (devote time)投入（时间、精力等）The manager invested a lot of time trying to develop his employees.为了让自己的雇员成长，这位经理投入了大量的时间。invest [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep (devote: time, etc. to [sth])投入（时间、感情等）于I have invested a lot of time in this business.我在这项业务中投入了大量的时间。invest in [sth] vi + prep figurative (be involved in emotionally)投入感情于She really invested in that relationship; it's a shame they broke up.她确实对那段关系投入了感情，真遗憾，最后他俩分手了。invest [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep formal (give [sb] powers, rights)赋予某人某物；授予某人某物The king invested the diplomat with the right to make decisions on behalf of the state.国王赋予外交大臣代表国家制定决策的权利。invest [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep formal (adorn)用...装饰；用...装扮The snow invested the trees with a covering of snow.be invested in [sth] v expr (be committed to)投入；花费Tom is very invested in his relationship.Audrey is very invested in her work.investigate [sth] vtr (crime, matter: find the truth) (对罪行等)侦查，调查The police investigated the claims against the politician.警方对针对该政客的指控进行了调查。investigate [sth] vtr (try to find [sth] out)调查Ben went to investigate why his friend didn't come to work today.本去调查为什么他的朋友今天没来上班了。investigate [sth] vtr (study [sth])调查研究The researcher investigated the topic thoroughly.研究人员对这一话题进行了彻底的调查研究。invigilate [sth] vtr (supervise: an exam)监考...The teacher invigilated the students as they took the final exam.invigorate [sth] vtr (enliven)使有生气；使生机勃勃Adding a bit of lemon will invigorate this salad.加一点点柠檬会使色拉更新鲜。invite [sb] to do [sth] v expr (ask [sb] to do [sth])邀请某人做某事The government invited Laura to work for the mayor.政府邀请劳拉为市长工作。invite [sth] vtr (ask for [sth])欢迎；征求The manager invited applications for the new position.经理征求新职位的申请。invite [sth] vtr (provoke)激起；惹来；诱发The diplomat's clumsy negotiations invited disaster.那位外交官拙劣的谈判惹来了灾难性的后果。invoice [sth] vtr (present an invoice for work)为...开发票I completed and invoiced the work on 30 November.11月30日，我完成了工作，并开出了发票。invoice [sb/sth] for [sth] v expr (present [sb] with an invoice for [sth])给…开发票Please invoice my company for the charges.请给我的公司开出费用发票。invoke [sth/sb] vtr (summon)召唤；唤起The spell was intended to invoke a demon, but it didn't.这个咒语是用来召唤恶魔的，但却未召唤成功。invoke [sth] vtr figurative (conjure up)想象出The poem invoked powerful feelings.invoke [sth] vtr (rule, etc.: apply)引用；援引；引证For a society to function, we must invoke the law.社会维持运转，必须诉诸法律。invoke [sth/sb] vtr (call upon: to help) (援助等)呼吁, 恳求In his anger against those who had vandalized his church, the priest invoked the wrath of heaven.因对那些破坏他教堂的人表示愤怒，这位牧师呼唤上天的忿怒。invoke [sth/sb] to do [sth] v expr (call upon to act)召唤The young family's sad plight invoked us to come to their aid.involve [sth] vtr (entail, feature)包含；涉及Most divorce cases involve adultery. Action films often involve a lot of violence.大多数离婚案件都涉及通奸。动作片常常有许多暴力镜头。involve doing [sth] v expr (entail, mean)需要；包含；含有Buying a car usually involves getting a loan from a bank.买车往往需要从银行贷款。involve [sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (include in [sth])使某人参与某事，让某人参与某事She involved him in the decision-making process because of his experience.由于他经验丰富，她让他参与了决策过程。involve [sb] in doing [sth] v expr (include in doing)让某人参与做某事We like to involve the children in deciding where to go for the summer holidays.我们希望让孩子们参与决定夏日假期去哪里。involve yourself in [sth] v expr (participate)参加；参与I think you should involve yourself in some social activities and make new friends.involve yourself in [sth] v expr disapproving (become entangled: in [sth]) (难题、困境等)陷入；陷进Don't involve yourself in other people's affairs.inweave [sth], enweave [sth] vtr literary (weave together)使…交织iodize [sth], also UK: iodise [sth] vtr (apply, add iodine to [sth])用碘处理；加碘于；加碘于ionize [sth], also UK: ionise [sth] vtr (turn [sth] into ions)使离子化iron [sth] vtr (press: clothing)熨烫I need to iron a shirt for work.我需要为上班熨一件衬衣。iron out [sth], iron [sth] out vtr + adv (wrinkles: press out) (本义)熨平I should iron out the creases in my suit for my interview tomorrow.为了明天的面试，我需要将西装上的皱褶熨平。irradiate [sth] vtr (subject to radiation)辐射；辐照irrelevant to [sth] adj + prep (not pertinent to)与…无关Your comments are irrelevant to this discussion.I estimate that about half your essay is irrelevant to the topic.你的评论与本次讨论无关。我估计，你文章的一半内容都与主题无关。irrespective of [sth] adj + prep (regardless of [sth])不管…的；无论…的The vacancy is open to everyone, irrespective of experience.irrigate [sth] vtr (water with ditches or pipes)灌溉The farmers irrigate the gardens daily.农民每天都灌溉花园。irritate [sth] vtr (cause discomfort to part of body) (身体部位)使…不适The wool sweater is irritating my skin.irritate [sb/sth] vtr (person, animal: cause discomfort)使...不舒服The tag on the neck of my dress is irritating me.isolate [sth] vtr (separate)将…分离出来Laura worked to isolate the facts from all the crazy stories so that she could write her story.劳拉努力将事实从这些荒唐的故事中分离出来，好写出自己的故事。isolate [sth] vtr (quarantine)隔离The customs agent isolated the traveler in medical quarantine for two days because they feared that he was infected.海关关员害怕那位旅行者已受到感染，所以对他进行了两天的医疗隔离。isolate [sth] vtr (separate substances) (细菌等)分离The doctor isolated the smallpox strain that was causing the epidemic.医生分离出了导致瘟疫的天花菌株。isolate [sth] vtr (insulate)使绝缘；给...做绝缘处理The electrician had to make sure she isolated the circuits properly to avoid a short circuit.issue [sth] vtr (distribute)发给；配给；分发They're going to issue new membership cards next month.他们准备下个月发新会员证。issue [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (distribute [sth] to [sb])把…分发给，向…分发…The university issues identity cards to all its students.这所大学向所有学生分发身份卡。issue [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (give, send [sb] [sth])把…发给，把…发给…The library issued me with a new card.图书馆发给我一张新借书卡。issue [sth] vtr (publish)出版；发表；颁布He issued an apology for his remarks.他为自己的言论公开道歉。issue from [sth] vi + prep (be emitted)从…排出；从…冒出Smoke issued from the chimney.烟从烟囱中冒出。emit [sth] vtr (emit)发出；放射出The oven issues enough heat to keep the room warm.issue from [sth] vi + prep (arise due to [sth])由…产生Many problems issued from that decision.那个决定造成了很多问题。issue from [sth] vi + prep (be accrued) (利润等)来自，由…产生A lot of profits issued from the investment.那次投资带来了大量利润。issue into [sth] vi + prep (flow into [sth])流向The river issued into the sea.河流入海。it depends on [sth] expr (it is conditional on)这取决于We might go to the beach tomorrow. It depends on the weather.It doesn't hurt to do [sth] v expr informal (It is a good idea to do [sth])做某事总没错；做某事总没关系备注: Often used in advice: 'it won't hurt' or 'it wouldn't hurt.'I doubt that Simon will lend you his car, but it doesn't hurt to ask!It won't hurt [sb] to do [sth], it wouldn't hurt [sb] to do [sth] v expr informal (It is advisable for [sb] to do [sth])某人可以做某事；建议某人做某事It wouldn't hurt you to at least ask your teacher for more time to do your essay.it is advisable to do [sth] expr (it is wise to)…是明智的；可取的When you visit a new city, it is advisable to take a map.it must be [sth] v expr (has to be true)必然是；必定是The cat has just had kittens, so it must be female.it must be [sth] v expr (it is very probably)肯定是；很可能是If the newspaper says it's true, it must be. The dog is barking; it must be the mailman.如果报纸上说这是真的，那一定是真的。狗在叫。肯定是邮递员来了。Italianate [sth] vtr (Italianize)让...意大利化Italianize [sth/sb] vtr (make Italian)使…意大利化italicize [sth], also UK: italicise [sth] vtr (put [sth] into italic lettering)将…设置为斜体；使…成为斜体itch [sth] vtr (cause irritation)使…发痒This woolen sweater is itching my back.这件羊毛毛衣让我后背发痒。itch for [sth] to do [sth] v expr figurative (be impatient for)对...心痒难耐；渴望；热切期望备注: always used in a progressive tenseI'm itching for the summer holidays to start!我热切盼望着暑假的到来！itch to do [sth] v expr figurative (be impatient to)对做...心痒难耐；渴望；热切期望备注: always used in a progressive tenseI'm itching to tell you the gossip about Mandy ...我心痒难耐，想跟你说说曼迪的闲话...itch [sth] vtr informal (scratch)在...上抓痒；抓挠；搔痒Jim itched the rash on his arm constantly, and it kept getting worse.吉姆总是抓挠胳膊上的疹子，弄得疹子不断恶化。itemize [sth], also UK: itemise [sth] vtr (list individually)逐条列举；逐项列出I itemized all of my expenses this month to find places where I can improve my budget.itemize [sth], also UK: itemise [sth] vtr (break [sth] down into a list)分条列记；逐条列出The manager asked Sally to itemize the account.iterate [sth] vtr (repeat, restate)重复；复述I have iterated many times that this is unacceptable conduct!我已经多次重申，这是无法接受的行为！jab [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (prod sharply with [sth])戳Ouch! You just jabbed me with your pencil!jab [sth] at [sb] vtr + prep (poke: [sth] at [sb])用...刺He jabbed his walking stick at me and told me to stay off his lawn.；jab [sth] into [sb] vtr + prep (poke: [sth] into [sb])猛击She jabbed her elbow into my ribs to get my attention.jab at [sb/sth] vi + prep (poke at)戳；拨动The old lady was jabbing at Vince with her finger.jack [sth] vtr (car, etc.)用千斤顶顶起Kate jacked up her car so that she could look at the brake pads.凯特用千斤顶把车顶起，这样她就可以看到制动块了。jack [sth] vtr figurative (raise: prices)增加；提高The bank jacked up the interest rates.银行提高了利率。jack [sth] vtr figurative (raise: speed)加速Paul jacked up the speed on his cruise control when he entered Nevada.进入内华达后，保罗提升了巡航控制的速度。jack [sth] vtr US, slang (steal)抢劫；打劫Fred jacked a pack of cigarettes from the store.jacket [sth] vtr (enclose in a jacket)给…装上保护套；罩住You have to jacket the plant with wire mesh, so mice don't eat the bark.jacklight [sth] vtr (hunt or fish with lantern)用照明灯猎捕jade [sb/sth] vtr dated, formal (wear out)使...精疲力尽；磨损；用旧Don't let a few bumps on the way jade you; the world still has a lot of goodness in it.别让前进道路上的一些磕碰磨灭了你的意志，世界上依然有许多美好的事物。jag [sth] vtr (cut jaggedly)切成锯齿状jam [sth] in [sth], jam [sth] into [sth] vtr (push hard, wedge)将...塞入...；将...塞进...Paul tried to jam a dollar into the vending machine, but it didn't work.保罗想将一美元的硬币塞进自动售货机里，但没有成功。jam [sth] full of [sth] v expr informal (overfill)塞满Tom jammed his backpack full of useless things.汤姆在自己的背包里塞满了没用的东西。jam [sth] vtr informal (phone line, etc.)使（电话线路）繁忙不堪；使（电话总机）应接不暇The news caused panic and jammed the phone lines.那条新闻引起了民众的恐慌，不停的来电使电话线路繁忙不堪。jam [sth] vtr (broadcast: block) (无线电波)干扰The military tried to jam the protesters' communications.军方试图干扰示威者的通讯。japan [sth] vtr (coat with hard varnish)给...上黑亮漆jar [sth] vtr (shake)晃动；震动；摇动Jeremy jarred his coffee cup and spilled hot coffee on his hand.杰里米不小心晃动了自己的咖啡杯，把热咖啡洒在手上了。jaundice [sth] vtr figurative (view: make cynical, bitter)让…充满偏见The author's cynical attitude jaundiced his work.jawbone [sb] into doing [sth] v expr US, informal (pressure through persuasion)磨破嘴皮硬是说服某人做某事The salesman jawboned the couple into signing the contract.jealous (of [sth]) adj (envious: of [sth])妒羡的, 羡慕的； (口语)眼红的She was jealous of her sister's new house.她嫉妒她姐姐的新房子。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 他很眼红别人的成绩。jeopardize [sth], also UK: jeopardise [sth] vtr (put [sth] at risk)危及；损害Karen jeopardized her career to help a friend.为了帮助朋友，卡伦危及了自己的职涯。jerk [sth] vtr (pull quickly)急拉；猛拉Sean jerked the paper out of the printer.希安将纸从打印机里猛拉出来。jerk [sth] out, jerk out [sth] vtr + adv (say)急促紧张地说；磕磕巴巴地说Fred jerked out breathlessly that someone had just tried to rob him.jerk [sth] vtr (make into jerky)把...切条制成肉干The hunter jerked some of the venison to preserve it.jest [sth] vtr (with clause: say jokingly)嘲笑；戏弄jettison [sth] vtr (throw overboard) (船只等遇险时为减轻负载而投弃物品)丢弃, 投弃The crew jettisoned some of the cargo as the ship foundered.飞机失去高度时，机组人员丢弃了一些货物。jettison [sth] vtr figurative (discard)丢弃, 抛弃, 放弃You should jettison that ugly old car.你应该扔掉那辆难看的旧车。jetty [sth], jutty [sth] vtr often passive (architecture)突出；伸出The upper floors are jettied over the square.jewel [sth] vtr (put jewels on [sth])给...镶上宝石The goldsmith jeweled the crown for the royal family.jib [sth] vtr (swing a sail or boom) (帆或桁)使…从一舷转至他舷jigger [sth] vtr US, informal (adjust, manipulate) (非正式用语)操控，左右，主导发展方向The CEO had jiggered purchase receipts in order to hide profits.jiggle [sth] vtr (shake or wobble)摇动You have to jiggle the handle to get the machine started.jilt [sth] vtr (reject, abandon)抛弃；遗弃I jilted the car my father gave me in favor of a new shiny one from my stepfather.我遗弃了我父亲给我的那辆车，用我继父给我闪亮新车取而代之。jimmy [sth] (US), jemmy [sth] (UK) vtr slang (open with crowbar)用铁撬撬开He jimmied the lock, which enabled us to get into the room.jingle [sth] vtr (cause to tinkle)使...叮当作响The prison guard jingled his bunch of keys.jinx [sb/sth] vtr (superstition: cause failure)使倒霉；使遭殃；把霉运带给Ian jinxed the cricket match when he said it wasn't going to rain.伊恩说不会下雨时，这场板球比赛就倒了霉运。jitney [sb/sth] vtr US (transport in jitney)让...乘小公共汽车job [sth] vtr (buy in quantity and resell)倒卖；转卖He jobs stocks for a living.job [sth] vtr (subcontract) (工程等)转包；将…承包出去We could always job the project to someone else.jockey for [sth] vi + prep figurative (compete with)为...竞争；为...比赛Elena and Kim are both jockeying for the promotion.jog [sth] vtr (nudge, shake)轻轻晃动，轻摇；轻推Ian jogged the horse's reins to get it to start moving.伊恩轻轻摇动了一下马的缰绳，让马开始起步。jog [sth] vtr (memory) (记忆)唤起Seth tried to retrace his steps to jog his memory.塞斯原路返回，试图以此来唤起记忆。joggle [sth] vtr (jiggle, jog [sth])使...摇摆join [sth], join [sth] and/with [sth] vtr (connect)连接；接合He joined the two puzzle pieces together.他把两张拼图卡片连了起来。join [sth] vtr (become a member of)成为…的一员；参加；加入She joined the chess club.她加入了国际象棋俱乐部。join [sth] vtr (participate in)参与；加入；和别人共同做某事We joined the search for the missing children.我们参与搜寻失踪的孩子。join with [sb], join with [sb] to do [sth] vi + prep (cooperate)使结合，使联合；使联姻Business leaders have joined with the government to fight poverty.企业领袖与政府联合起来与贫困作斗争。join [sth] vtr UK (unite)把…与…连接在一起；把…交合在一起The priest joined the hands of the bride and groom.join [sth] vtr (take part in: an activity)参加；加入；参与To join our campaign, please sign up at our website.要加入我们的运动，请到我们的网站注册。join together [sth] and/with [sth] vi + adv (connect)将…和…连接起来，将…和…拼接在一起joint [sth] vtr (cut up: a joint of meat)切割，切块；解The butcher used a cleaver to joint the lamb.屠夫用劈刀解羊肉。joint [sth] vtr (make into a joint)结合；连接Paul jointed the two beams.保罗将两根横梁结合起来。joint [sth] vtr (cut into shape)锯；切割Gary jointed the board with a saw to make it fit.加里用锯子将木板锯成能契合的形状。joint-venture [sth] vtr (establish as joint venture)建立合资企业joke about [sth] vi + prep (talk about humorously)说笑话；开玩笑She joked about his moustache.她拿他的八字胡开玩笑。jolt [sb/sth] vtr (by electricity)电击100 watts of electricity jolted Eric as he touched the wire.埃里克碰到电线时，100瓦的电使他震颤。jolt [sb/sth] vtr (move with jerk)使…颠簸；使…震动Another train passenger stumbled and jolted Paula's arm, causing her to spill the cup of tea she was holding. The movement of the car over the stony track jolted the passengers.另一位火车乘客踉跄了一下，撞到宝拉，使她的胳膊晃动，撒了手中的茶。车开过石头路面，使乘客们颠簸。jook [sth] vtr (poke, puncture)刺，戳jot [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (note down quickly)匆匆记下She jotted his phone number on a scrap of paper.她把他的电话号码快速地记在一张小纸片上。a jot of [sth] n informal (little bit)微量；少量If you had a jot of decency, you would apologise to him.如果你稍微懂点礼貌的话，你就应该向他道歉。jot [sth] down on [sth] v expr informal (write, make a note of)把…记在…上I jotted down his phone number on a scrap of paper.我把他的电话号码记在一张纸上。journal [sth] vtr (record thoughts)记录；记载Mary always took time on the weekend to journal her week's experiences.journalize [sth], also UK: journalise [sth] vtr (record [sth] in a journal)用日志记录；将…记入日志judge [sth] vtr (preside at trial)审判；审理The case was judged by Justice Murphy.这桩案件由墨菲法官来审理。judge [sb] to be [sth], judge [sb] vtr (declare)宣判某人为；审判某人为；宣布判决某人为He was judged to be guilty.他被宣判有罪。judge [sth] vtr (decide, think)认为；判断为You must do what you judge to be best.你必须自己判断哪种做法最好，采取行动。judge [sth] vtr (determine)判别；分辨Can you judge the difference between the two pictures?judge [sb/sth] vtr (criticize or assess)鉴定；评判；评断You can't judge him just from that one mistake!你不能单凭那一个错误就贸然评断他！judge [sth] vtr (estimate)判断；估计He tried to judge the distance before he jumped.judge [sth] vtr (assess: the advantage of [sth])评估；评定；估计You can judge the advantages of your product versus others if you are familiar with the market.如果熟悉市场，你就能对自己产品和别人产品的优势进行评判。jug [sth] vtr (cook in a jug)用大罐子煮或炖Tom jugged some of the venison from last week's hunt and made soup.jugful of [sth] n (full jug containing [sth])一罐...juggle [sth] vtr (keep objects in air) (同时抛接数个物体)玩杂耍Tom learned to juggle four balls at once.汤姆学会了同时抛接四个球。juggle [sth] vtr figurative (do two or more tasks at once)尽力应付；同时做Sarah was hired as an administrator for her ability to juggle many tasks at once.因能同时处理多项任务，萨拉被录用为行政管理人员。juggle [sth] vtr (manipulate figures, accounts)篡改Ian got into massive debt by juggling credit cards.juice [sth] vtr (fruit, etc.: extract juice) (水果等)挤出…的汁，榨出…的汁Dana started juicing fruits and vegetables because she heard that it's healthy.达娜开始榨水果汁和蔬菜汁，因为她听说这很健康。julienne [sth] vtr (food: cut into strips)切成条或丝jumble [sth] vtr (mix up)将…混杂在一起The baker jumbled the salt and sugar, so the cake came out inedible.面包师把盐和糖混在一起，所以做出来的蛋糕无法吃。jumble [sth] up with [sth], jumble up [sth] with [sth] v expr informal (mix up) (非正式用语)将…与…混淆jumble up [sth] and [sth] v expr (mix up)把…和…混合在一起jump [sth] vtr slang (vehicle: jump-start) (俚语，指汽车)搭电启动The battery was dead, so I had to jump the car.汽车电池没电了，我不得不搭电启动。jump [sth] vtr (leap over)跳过；跃过He jumped the puddle to avoid getting his shoes wet.他跳过水坑，以免把鞋子弄湿。jump [sth] vtr (checkers) (西洋跳棋)跳吃I can't believe he jumped three of my checkers! Now I'm losing!jump [sth] vtr informal (skip)越过…级别；越级晋升John jumped a rank because of his bravery.jump [sth] vtr (traffic lights: fail to stop) (交通信号灯)闯过，不停Audrey was pulled over by the police after she jumped a red light.奥黛丽闯红灯，被警察要求靠边停车。jump at the chance to do [sth] v expr informal, figurative (accept opportunity to do)热切地抓住做某事的机会I would jump at the chance to meet my sporting hero.；jump in [sth] vi + prep informal (dive, leap)跳进；跳入He jumped in the pool and shrieked because the water was so cold.jump in [sth] vi + prep figurative, informal (become involved)迫不及待地参与；欣然参加Feel free to jump in the discussion if you have something to say.jump in [sth] with both feet, jump into [sth] with both feet v expr figurative (enter into [sth] enthusiastically)全身心投入；完全投入jump into [sth] vi + prep (dive, leap)跳进；跳入Roy jumped into the river to save the drowning man.jump into [sth] vi + prep figurative (become involved)欣然参加；迫不及待地参与She jumped into the conversation when she realized that they were talking about Cancun.jump into bed with [sb/sth] v expr figurative, informal, disapproving (form an alliance with) (含贬义)与...穿一条裤子；与...同流合污jump off [sth] vi + prep (leap from)从…跳下She was too scared to jump off the highest diving board.她太害怕了，不敢从最高的跳水板上跳下去。jump on [sth/sb] vi + prep informal (leap onto)跳上Please don't jump on the bed, children.jump over [sth/sb] vi + prep (leap across)跳过Yvonne jumped over the ticket barrier and boarded the train without paying.伊冯跳过检票口，没付钱就上了火车。jump-start [sth] vtr (vehicle: start with jumper cables) (车辆)助动启动junk [sth] vtr US (scrap: throw away)丢弃；废弃Vincent junked his old bike and bought a new one.jury [sth] vtr US (judge)评审；评判An award-winning artist was invited to jury the exhibition.jury-rig [sth], jerry-rig [sth] vtr (assemble hastily)拼凑，匆忙组装just do [sth] v expr (take action)去做…就行了Don't argue with me, just go upstairs and tidy your room!just so happen to do [sth] v expr (coincidentally)碰巧；正好I called a plumber, who just so happened to be in the area and came immediately to fix my sink.justify [sth] vtr (give reason for)证明…合理；证明…正当He tried to justify his rudeness by saying he'd been tired.他试图为自己的无礼辩解，说是他累了。justify [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (give reason, excuse)辩解I tried to justify the price of house to my husband, but he said it was not a good value.justify [sth] vtr (text: align at the sides) (排版)调整使对齐If you justify the text it will look neater.justify [sth] vtr (prove right)证明…有道理；证明…正确I think my high marks justify my decision to take fewer classes.我认为我的高分证明了我少选课程的决定是正确的。justify doing [sth] v expr (be a good reason, excuse)证明正当Nothing justifies hitting a child.juxtapose [sth], juxtapose [sth] and [sth] vtr (place side by side)把…并排放置The artist juxtaposes beauty and ugliness in his paintings.这位艺术家在画作中同时表现美与丑。juxtapose [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (place side by side)并置The x-ray juxtaposed the left view of the lung with the right.kedge [sth] vtr (pull using an anchor)用锚拉keen on [sth] adj esp UK (enthusiastic) (尤指英国用法)热衷的，喜爱的She's really keen on cycling, so let's get her a new bike.她热衷骑行，我们就给她买一辆新自行车吧。keen on doing [sth] adj esp UK (enthusiastic, eager)对…渴望；热衷于I'm keen on going to a rock festival sometime during the summer.我很想在夏天的某个时候去参加一场摇滚音乐节。keen to do [sth] adj esp UK (eager to do [sth])热切盼望He's really keen to come and see you. I am really keen to start working on this project.他热切盼望来见你。我热切盼望着手这个项目。keep [sth] vtr (save, retain)保留；保存Don't drink all the water. We need to keep some for tomorrow.别把水都喝完了，我们需要留些来明天喝。keep [sth] vtr (not return)留下；不退还I've decided to keep the bike instead of returning it to the store.我决定把这部自行车留下来，不退给商店了。keep [sth] vtr (store)保存；储存She keeps the canned food in the basement.她把这些罐头食品储存在地下室。keep [sth] vtr (animals: raise)饲养She has kept bees for over forty years.她饲养蜜蜂已经四十年有余了。keep [sth] vtr (put aside)把…放在一边；保存…（以待将来所用）I'll keep some of this preserve for next summer.我要保存些果酱等来年夏天吃。keep [sth] vtr UK (stock)备有（某商品）No, we don't keep any foreign language books, but we could order this for you.不，我们没备有任何外语书籍，但可以为您订这本书。keep [sth] vtr (conserve)保存；保留Let's keep the rest of the coal for the really cold weather.咱们把剩下的煤炭保留下来，省着等天气特别冷的时候再用吧。keep [sth] vtr (reserve)预留Keep those tables to one side for the managing director and his team.把那些桌子的一边预留出来，给经理和他的团队坐。keep [sth] vtr (records: maintain, continue)记下；记录；记有She keeps records of all expenses.所有花销她都作有记录。keep doing [sth] v expr (continue to do [sth])一直做某事；持续（某一行为）；继续做某事He kept working until six o'clock.他一直工作到六点钟。keep doing [sth] v expr (do [sth] repeatedly)继续做某事；重复做某事The kitten kept playing with the fringe of the carpet.小猫不停地玩地毯的毛边。keep doing [sth] vtr (continue on)继续做某事Keep going straight and you will find the store.keep [sth] vtr (fulfill commitment) (诺言)遵守；实现Jill left to keep her appointment with Professor Evans.吉尔按照约定去见埃文斯教授。keep [sth/sb] + [adj] vtr + adj (conserve as specified)保持...处于某种状态Peter likes to keep his car clean.keep [sb/sth] vtr (have custody of)抚养；养育She kept the children after the divorce.keep a check on [sth/sb] v expr informal (monitor)控制；监视I'm keeping a check on his work to ensure that he's doing it right.keep a check on [sth/sb] v expr US, informal (control, restrain, limit)限制..., 控制...They expect increased oil production to keep a check on gasoline prices.keep a close watch on [sb/sth] v expr (monitor [sth], [sb] attentively)严格监督；严密监视；密切注意Parents of teenagers have to keep a close watch on everything they do.keep abreast of [sth], stay abreast of [sth] v expr figurative (stay informed, updated)跟上形势；紧跟时代步伐；同步消息They read three newspapers daily to keep abreast of the news.keep [sth/sb] afloat vtr + adj (prevent from sinking)使一直漂浮在水面A life jacket will keep you afloat, even if you are unconscious.keep [sth/sb] afloat vtr + adj figurative (business: keep running)使能维持下去；使能运营下去Wilkins had to take out a large loan to keep the business afloat.keep [sth] alive vtr + adj figurative (maintain awareness or popularity of [sth])使…继续受欢迎；使…继续受关注The local press is doing its best to keep the issue alive.keep an eye on [sth/sb] v expr informal (watch carefully)密切注意；留意When cooking soufflés, you need to keep an eye on them so they don't fall.keep an eye out for [sth/sb] vtr informal (remain vigilant for)注意；留心It's important to keep an eye out for dangerous snakes in the bush. Keep an eye out for a parking spot.特别注意草丛中有危险的蛇。注意找个停车位。keep [sth/sb] at bay v expr figurative (prevent getting closer)防止…接近；使…无法靠近Vaccination is the most effective way to keep the flu at bay.keep away from [sth/sb] v expr (stay at a distance from)保持距离I keep away from people who are ill.我与生病的人会保持距离。keep [sth/sb] away vtr + adv (prevent from getting closer)使无法接近There are many things you can do to keep mosquitoes away.有很多方法可以驱赶蚊子。keep clear of [sth/sb] v expr (not go near)不要靠近…keep clear of [sth/sb] v expr figurative, informal (avoid)不要与…接近；离…远点；避免与…接触keep [sb/sth] close vtr + adj (keep nearby)将…处于附近Claire decided to work from home so that she could keep her children close.keep close to [sb/sth] v expr (stay near)靠近Keep close to me when we're at the concert; I don't want you to get lost.keep [sth] coming v expr (generate lots)使...源源不断Please keep the donations coming.keep [sb/sth] cool vtr + adj (prevent getting hot)使保持凉快These plants don't like too much heat, so keep them cool by planting them in a partially shaded spot.keep [sth] cool vtr + adj (drink, etc.: chill)冰镇Gemma put the wine in the fridge to keep it cool.keep [sth] fresh vtr + adj (food: stop going stale)使保持新鲜Packaging needs to keep the food fresh for as long as possible.keep from doing [sth] vi + prep (refrain)忍住；克制住I can't keep from eating ice cream.我无法忍住不吃冰淇淋。keep [sb/sth] from doing [sth] vtr + prep (prevent)阻止；克制，压抑；克制；压抑The constant interruptions were keeping Alvin from doing his work.在持续的干扰下，阿尔文无法继续他的工作。keep [sb/sth] from [sb/sth] vtr + prep (keep apart)使…与…分开Dave's ex tries to keep him from his son.戴夫的前妻阻止他见他的儿子。keep [sb/sth] from harm v expr (protect)保护...不受伤害Victor was ready to risk his life to keep his daughter from harm.keep hold of [sth/sb] v expr informal (maintain one's grasp on)抓住；拿着The child kept hold of his mother's hand as they crossed the road.keep hoping for [sth] v expr (wish for)期盼...He is gravely ill, but his family keep hoping for a miracle.keep [sth] in check v expr (control)控制The European Central Bank has kept inflation in check.keep [sb/sth] in line v expr (control, make conform)管控；管束keep [sth] in line with [sth] v expr (make conform)使...遵守；让...与...相符keep [sth] in mind, bear [sth] in mind, keep in mind that, bear in mind that v expr (remember [sth])记住Now, keep in mind that in May of 1929 the stock market hadn't crashed yet.现在请记住，1929年5月股市还没有崩盘。keep [sth] on vtr + adv (continue to wear: clothing) (衣物)继续穿I keep my shirt on when I'm at the beach, so I don't burn.我去沙滩的时候还是会穿着衬衣，免得晒伤。keep pace with [sb/sth] v expr (go as fast)跟上步伐，跟上，保持步调一致John wasn't able to keep pace with the other runners.keep pace with [sth] v expr figurative (stay up to date) (形势、潮流等)跟上，紧跟I can never keep pace with his favorite television shows.keep [sth/sb] quiet vtr + adj (prevent from making noise)使…保持安静Please try to keep those children quiet - this is a church, not a playground!请让那些孩子们保持安静。这里是教堂，不是游乐场！keep silent about [sth] v expr (not tell [sth])对...保持沉默Pippa kept silent about Amber's involvement in the prank.keep [sth/sb] still vtr + adj (hold steady)使…保持不动You need one person to keep the cat still and another to trim its claws.keep stock of [sth] v expr figurative (keep track of [sth])跟踪；追踪This computer program helps companies keep stock of their sales.keep tabs on [sb/sth], keep a tab on [sb/sth] v expr figurative, informal (monitor)密切注意；密切关注A business should keep tabs on what its competitors are doing.keep the lid on [sth] v expr (cover [sth])把…的盖子盖上Keep the lid on the saucepan while boiling the vegetables.keep the lid on [sth] v expr figurative (secret: not tell)保密；为…保密James was struggling to keep the lid on the secret.keep the lid on [sth] v expr figurative (emotions: control)控制住（情绪等）；把…抑制住Kathy didn't say anything, trying to keep the lid on her anger.keep [sth] tidy v expr (maintain cleanliness of)使…保持整洁It is important to keep your workshop tidy in order to avoid accidents.keep to [sth] vi + prep (schedule, rules: adhere)遵守；坚守；坚持However hard we try, it is difficult to keep to a diet and lose weight. This plan will work if we keep to it.无论我们多努力地尝试，要想遵守节食减肥都是很困难的。如果我们坚持的话，这个计划就能行。keep to [sth] vi + prep (not stray from: a path, etc.)不偏离, 不离开When walking in the countryside, keep to the path.在乡间行走时，请沿小路走。keep [sth] to yourself v expr (keep [sth] secret)对...保密；不泄露keep [sth] together, keep [sth] and [sth] together vtr + adv (store in one place)将…存放在一起I keep all my shoes together in a cupboard in my room.我将所有的鞋子都放置在我房间的橱柜里。keep track of [sth] vtr (monitor, maintain record of)记录；监控My daughter emails me every day so I can keep track of her movements. You should keep track of your expenses so that you know how much money you have left.你应该记录自己的每笔开销，这样一来你就能对自己还剩多少钱做到心里有数。我女儿每天都会发邮件给我，这样我就能监控她的一举一动。keep [sth/sb] under [sth] vtr + prep (keep [sth] beneath [sth])把...放在...下面keep [sth] under wraps v expr figurative, informal (not reveal)保密；隐瞒The company is keeping the latest model under wraps until the official launch.keep [sth] under wraps v expr (statue: cover up)遮盖..., 把...盖起来The museum is keeping the statue under wraps while restoration work continues.keep [sth] under your hat v expr figurative, informal (keep [sth] secret)保密；不泄露某事keep [sth] up to date v expr (update)使…保持更新It's important to keep your business website up to date.keep watch over [sth/sb] v expr (observe, monitor)监视；守卫The lifeguards are keeping watch over the beach.There is a member of medical staff keeping watch over the patient at all times.keep within the bounds of [sth] v expr (stay within boundaries: of a property)不越界Students must keep within the bounds of the school at all times during the day.keep within the bounds of [sth] v expr figurative (stay within limits: of behaviour)不逾矩If you can't keep within the bounds of good behaviour you will have to leave the class.keep your distance from [sth/sb] v expr (not go near)与...保持距离keep your distance from [sth/sb] v expr figurative (avoid, stay away) (感情、心理上)与…保持距离The manager keeps his distance from the employees.kennel [sth] vtr (put into kennels)把…关进狗屋；使…住进鄙陋的地方They kenneled their dogs and set off on a round-the-world trip.他们把狗关在狗窝，然后动身去环球旅行。key, key to [sth] n (solution)答案；解决方法The key to solving the puzzle is to eliminate the incorrect answers.解决这个谜题的方法是排除不正确的答案。the key to [sth] n (most important thing)关键；重点The key to getting into this college is to perform well at interview.要想被这座大学录取，关键是要在面试时发挥出好的表现。key [sth] vtr (musical instrument: set pitch) (乐器)给...调音The guitar needs to be keyed higher than that.key [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (data: type in)用键盘将（数据）输入She keyed the data into a spreadsheet.她将数据键入电子表格。key [sth] vtr (scratch with a key) (汽车)用钥匙刮Annoyed to find a car parked half on the pavement, Audrey keyed it.奥德丽发现一辆车半停在人行道上，觉得很讨厌，就用钥匙刮了刮车。keyboard [sth] vtr (type [sth] using a keyboard)键入A data entry clerk keyboards the information into a spreadsheet.数据录入员将信息输入表格中。keyed to [sth] adj (matched to)与...匹配；与...相配keypunch [sth], key punch [sth] vtr (data: enter using a keypunch) (数据)给...打孔put the kibosh on [sth] v expr informal (put an end to)终止, 阻止kick [sb/sth] vtr (strike with foot)踢, 踹The object is to kick the ball into the net.目的是要把球踢入网内。kick [sth] vtr informal (auto: change gear) (非正式用语)换挡He kicked the car into third gear.kick [sth] vtr (football: attempt a goal) (足球)踢He kicked three penalties in the game.kick yourself for [sth] v expr informal, figurative (regret [sth])因为…感到懊悔，因为…后悔He kicked himself for not remembering to pack his torch.kick-start [sth] vtr (motorcycle: start up) (摩托车等)发动，启动kick-start [sth] vtr figurative (prompt, boost)启动；发起kill [sb/sth] vtr (cause death)杀死，处死He killed the ant before it could bite him.The murderer had killed three people.他在蚂蚁咬他之前杀死了它。// 凶手杀死了三人。kill [sth] vtr figurative (put an end to)终止, 结束They killed the project after the customer stopped paying.在客户停止付款后，他们终止了这个项目。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 他冷冰冰的话彻底扼杀了我所有的希望。kill [sth] vtr figurative (turn off)使停止；关掉Kill the car engine. We are going to be here for a while.关掉汽车发动机。我们要在这里呆会儿。kill [sth] vtr figurative (deaden)缓和（疼痛）；减轻（痛楚）；止（痛）Take the aspirin. It will kill the pain.吃点阿司匹林吧，能止痛。kill [sth] vtr figurative (defeat in parliament) (议案)否决；使...不能通过The bill was killed with a vote of fifty-five to forty-five.kill [sth] vtr slang, figurative (drink up) (酒等)一口喝干He killed his beer and they went to the next bar.kill [sth] vtr informal, figurative (golf, rugby ball: stop)死球The squash player killed the ball with a nick.壁球选手将球打在墙角成为死球。kill time doing [sth] v expr figurative, informal (occupy yourself with [sth])消磨时间I killed time drinking coffee while I waited for Meg to arrive.kin to [sth] adj (animal, thing: similar)相似的；相像的；类似的That cup is kin to the others in the cupboard.那只杯子与柜橱里其他的杯子相似。kindle [sth] vtr (start: a fire)点燃；点火You need to be patient when kindling wood; it's not easy at first.点燃木材时要有耐心。一开始并不容易。kindle [sth] vtr figurative (rouse, stir up)激起；挑起；唤起The smell of her grandmother's perfume kindled old memories.祖母的香水味唤起了她过去的记忆。kinescope [sth] vtr US, dated (record using kinescope)对...进行录影kiss [sth] vtr (touch lightly with the lips)轻吻；轻触Samantha kissed Ryan's cheek.萨曼莎轻吻瑞恩的脸颊。kiss [sth] vtr figurative (touch gently)轻轻碰上, 轻触The white ball was just kissing the eight ball.kiss [sth] goodbye, kiss goodbye to [sth] v expr figurative (resign yourself to losing)吻别kit [sb] out with [sth] v expr (provide with clothes)给…提供…The kids are all kitted out with hats, gloves and scarves for the winter.kit [sb] out with [sth] v expr (equip with [sth])给…装备…They kitted us out with water bottles, a two-man tent and a first-aid bag,kite [sth] vtr US (pass bad check)凭空头支票取钱Seth caught someone trying to kite a check at the bank.a knack to [sth] n (special technique)做...的诀窍；做...的妙招There's a knack to opening pickle jars; let me show you.要打开咸菜罐子是有诀窍的；我来给你示范一下。knacker [sth] vtr (slaughter)屠宰；屠杀My father is teaching me how to knacker dead livestock.我父亲正在教我如何屠宰死去的牲畜。knead [sth] vtr (massage: dough) (面团等)揉Knead the dough and let it rise in a warm place.先揉面团，然后让它在暖和的地方发酵。knead [sth] vtr (press firmly) (推拿、按摩)搓揉，揉Would you mind kneading my aching muscles for me?我肌肉疼，你帮我揉揉，好吗？knee [sb/sth] vtr (hit with knee)用膝盖碰；用膝盖撞Shaun kneed the punching bag.肖恩用膝盖撞沙袋。knell [sth] vtr (bell: ring to announce [sth])敲钟召集The church bell knelled the old man's death.knife [sth] vtr (cut)用刀切；割He said you should knife the plant's bark to make it flower sooner.knit [sth] vtr (make by knitting)编结；编织Peter knit a scarf for himself because he was bored.彼得觉得无聊，便给自己编织了一条围巾。knit [sth] vtr figurative (join closely)使…紧密结合；使紧凑The experience knitted the group together more closely.这段经历让该小组更紧密地团结在一起。knit [sth] vtr figurative (join to create sthg)密接；结合Tom knitted the two halves together.汤姆将这两半合在一起。knit [sth] vtr (make a plain knit stitch)织（毛线）Sarah knitted the yarn.knock [sth] vtr (hit)击, 打The swinging sign knocked Dan in the head.乱晃的路标打到了丹的头。knock [sth/sb] vtr (criticize)批评；对…吹毛求疵Seth told Sean, "Don't knock quiz shows; you can learn a lot from them."赛斯对西恩说：“不要去批评问答节目，你能从中学到很多东西的。”knock into [sb/sth] vi + prep (hit)撞到；撞上Rachel tripped and knocked into a coworker.瑞秋绊了一下，撞到了一位同事。knock [sb/sth] off [sb/sth] vtr + adv (push [sb/sth] off [sb/sth] forcefully)把...从...上敲落, 把...从...上打落At the funfair, Jerry won a prize for knocking a coconut off its post.在游乐场，杰瑞将椰子从杆子上打落，因此获得了奖品。knock [sth] on vtr + adv (rugby: use arm illegally) (英式橄榄球)违例用手向前击…knock [sth] on the head n UK, informal, figurative (stop, end)让...停止；使...结束knock [sth/sb] out of the way v expr informal (shove aside)把…挤到一边He ran down the school hallway knocking people out of his way.knock the rough edges off [sth/sb] v expr informal, figurative (refine)改掉…的坏毛病The band have knocked the rough edges off their playing and now sound more professional.knock [sth] together vtr + adv slang (assemble crudely)拼凑而成；匆忙做成Helga knocked dinner together from whatever she could find in the fridge.knot [sth] vtr (tie a knot in)在…上打结；把…打成结Erin knotted the rope.艾琳在绳子上打了一个结。knot [sth] vtr (tie: shoelaces) (鞋带)绑Sarah knotted her laces and left.萨拉系好鞋带就出门了。know [sth] vtr (comprehend)知道；明白I know the answer.我知道答案。know [sth] vtr (be conversant, familiar)精通；熟悉He knows football better than anyone.他比任何人都精通足球。know [sth] vtr (have memorized)掌握；学会；能背诵She's only three but she knows the alphabet.她只有三岁，但已经掌握了字母表。know [sth] from [sth] vtr (distinguish)区分；区别；辨别He doesn't know a flower from a weed.他不知道怎么区分花和野草。know of [sb/sth] vi + prep (be aware [sb], [sth] exists)听说过；认识；知道一些I know of him, but he's not really a friend.我认识他，但不算是朋友。know [sb] as [sth/sb], know [sb] to be [sth/sb] vtr (perceive)知道某人是；确知某人是I know her as a woman of integrity.know about [sth] vi + prep (be aware)意识到；知道Do you know about the recent policy changes?know about [sth] vi + prep (be well informed)了解到；熟悉That professor really knows about European history.know better than to do [sth] v expr (be wise enough not to do [sth])懂得不该做某事；明白不该做某事know [sth] by heart, know [sth] off by heart v expr (have memorized)记住；背下来The students had to know the poem by heart.know [sth] by heart, know [sth] off by heart v expr informal (be completely familiar with)非常熟悉I never get lost in this neighborhood; I know it by heart.know damn well [sth], know damn well that v expr slang, potentially offensive (be aware)非常清楚Don't play coy with me, you know damn well what I'm talking about!know for a fact, know for a fact that, know [sth] for a fact v expr (with certainty)知道，确定I know for a fact that she made over $1 million last year.know for certain, know for certain that, know [sth] for certain v expr (be sure)确切知道；肯定知道Until we know for certain, I think it is best to just be patient.know how to do [sth] v expr (be able to do [sth])知道如何…；知道怎么…Do you know how to swim?know [sth] instinctively, know instinctively (that) vtr + adv (sense)凭直觉知道As soon as Carmel saw Anne's face, she knew instinctively that something was wrong.know nothing of [sth] v expr (be ignorant of)对…一无所知；一点都不知道；毫不明白I'm ashamed to say I know nothing of American literature.know nothing of [sth] vtr (have no experience of)对…没有经验；对…一无所知It is often said that the Royal Family know nothing of real life.know the ins and outs of [sth] v expr informal (be familiar with features)知道了来龙去脉；了解所有详情Chloe clearly knows the ins and outs of the real estate business.knowledgeable about [sth] adj + prep (knows a lot about [sth])在...方面有丰富知识的；在...方面知识渊博的The researcher is very knowledgeable about the life cycle of E.Coli bacteria.那位研究人员在大肠杆菌生命循环方面有丰富知识。knuckle [sth] vtr (push a knuckle into)用指关节敲打Tim knuckled his shoulder to try to loosen the muscle.kvetch about [sth] vi + prep informal (complain about [sth])抱怨...；对...发牢骚Colin is always kvetching about his job.label [sth] vtr (attach a label to [sth])贴标签；贴标记The supermarket worker has to label the soup cans.超级市场员工必须给汤罐头贴上标签。label [sth] as [sth] vtr + conj (mark: as [sth])将标记…为；标示…为This shirt is labelled as "Large".label [sth/sb] [sth] vtr figurative (call)把…称为；给...打上...的标签The media labelled Chamberlain's policy "appeasement".label [sb/sth] as [sth] vtr + conj figurative (classify)把…归类为；将…分类为；把…列为The police have labelled him a radical.labor to do [sth] (US), labour to do [sth] (UK) v expr (work to achieve [sth])努力工作以实现；努力做到All the translators labor to make the dictionary as good as possible.所有翻译一同努力，让字典尽量最好。labor against [sth] (US), labour against [sth] (UK) vi + prep (work to prevent)努力防止We must continue to labor against this discrimination.labor under [sth] (US), labour under [sth] (UK) vi + prep used in expressions (mistakenly believe)被…所蒙蔽备注: Commonly followed by: the illusion, the misapprehension, a mistaken belief, etc.The company is labouring under the illusion that it can take shortcuts to get the results it wants.lace [sth] vtr (fasten cord on shoes) (鞋带子)系Seth laced his boots and went out into the snow.塞斯把靴子系好，走到雪地里。lace [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (drink: add alcohol, poison) (酒、麻醉剂、毒药等)加少量…于…，在…里加少许…Gary laced his drink with some sleeping medication before bed.睡觉前加里在自己的饮料里加了一点安眠药。lace [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (sprinkle with: poison, etc.)在...里掺入...We laced his food with laxative powder.我们在他的食物里掺入了一点通便药粉。lace [sth] vtr (fasten: a corset)用胸衣束紧The lady needed her maid's help to lace her corset.那位女士需要他的女佣来帮她勒紧胸衣。be laced with [sth] v expr (drink: have alcohol or poison added) (指在饮品中加酒或加毒)加了；添了；掺了The lemonade had been laced with vodka.lacerate [sth] vtr (cut)割碎；撕裂lack [sth] vtr (does not have)缺少；缺乏；没有The label lacks information about the side effects of this drug.lacquer [sth] vtr (coat with lacquer, varnish)给...上漆层After building the desk, the carpenter lacquered the wood.lacquer [sth] vtr UK (use hairspray on)给...喷发胶After finishing the haircut, the stylist lacquered the hair in place.ladder [sth] vtr UK (tear: tights, stockings)使（袜子等）抽丝I laddered my tights trying to climb over the fence.翻过篱笆时，我的丝袜滑丝了。lade [sth] vtr rare (load, fill) (罕见用法)装载laden with [sth] adj figurative (with a burden)充满（不良情绪等）的Adam was laden with guilt and went to confess his crime.ladle [sth] vtr (into bowl)以勺舀取；以勺掬Seth ladled soup into his bowl.lag [sth] vtr (insulate: water pipes)给...加隔热层You should lag the pipes in your loft so that they do not freeze and burst.lag behind [sb/sth] vi + prep (not be as fast)落在…的后面Clarkson was lagging behind the leading group of cyclists.lag behind [sb/sth] vi + prep figurative (not maintain: standards, pace)落后于；比…落后In the economic recovery, manufacturing is lagging behind other sectors.lame [sth] vtr (make lame)使瘸，弄跛；使残废Peter rode his horse too hard on the track and lamed him.彼得在赛道上骑得太猛，弄跛了自己的马。lament [sth] vtr (mourn: a death)哀悼；为…哀伤；为…痛惜We lament the passing of Father Smith, our priest.lament [sth] vtr (be sorry for)悔恨；表示惋惜The director lamented your absence at the meeting.lament doing [sth] v expr (regret doing)后悔做某事The criminal lamented getting involved in the murder.laminate [sth] vtr (add protective layer to)用薄片覆盖；在…上加薄片The kindergarten teacher laminated the children's artwork.laminate [sth] vtr (metal: beat into sheets) (金属)把…制成薄板；把…捶打成薄板Steel blades are sometimes laminated to increase their strength without sacrificing sharpness.lampoon [sb/sth] vtr (mock, satirize) (以诗文等)对…进行讽刺The cartoonist often lampoons important leaders in the government.lance [sth] vtr (medical: puncture) (医疗)穿刺The doctor lanced the boil to allow it to drain.land [sth] vtr (aircraft: bring to earth) (飞机等)着陆The pilot landed the aircraft very smoothly.飞行员将飞机很平稳地着陆了。land [sth] vtr (unload)卸下；卸载The fishermen landed their catch at the docks.land [sth] vtr figurative, informal (win) (非正式用语)赢得, 得到, 揽到His company landed a big contract with the government.land [sth] vtr (fish: capture)钓上；捕到We landed five fish in the fishing trip.land on [sth] vtr figurative (come up with: a solution) (解决方案)想出, 提出, 找到I have finally landed on a solution to the problem.最终，我得出了问题的解决方案。landfill [sth] vtr (waste: bury in a landfill) (垃圾等)填埋They began to landfill garbage when dumping at sea became unacceptable.不能往往海中倾倒垃圾了，他们就开始在陆地上填埋。landscape [sth] vtr (design and plant for improved appearance)为…设计园林景观；用园艺来美化…My parents are going to landscape the front of their new house.我父母打算用园艺来美化新房前面的园地。lap [sth] vtr (lick up with tongue)舔食The cat lapped the milk.猫咪舔牛奶。lap at [sth] vi + prep (drink by licking)舔食；舔Tom's cat lapped at the water in the bowl.汤姆的猫舔食着碗里的水。lap at [sth] vi + prep figurative (sea, waves: wash against) (海水、波浪)轻轻拍打The waves lapped onto the shore.海浪轻轻地拍打着岩礁。lap [sb/sth] vtr (wrap)围住；裹住The mother lapped her child in blankets.母亲用毯子裹住自己的孩子。lap [sth] vtr (polish gems)打磨；磨光；抛光Kyle lapped the gem to get the final finish on it.凯尔为宝石抛光，为的就是让其表面呈完工状态。lapse into [sth] vi + prep (fall: into bad behaviour) (恶习等)陷入，堕入Peter lapsed back into his addiction.彼得又重新陷入毒瘾。lapse into [sth] vi + prep (stray or digress)偏离原来的状态逐渐陷入lapse into [sth] vi + prep (fall: into silence) (沉默)陷入The conversation lapsed into silence.lapse into [sth] vi + prep (fall: into unconsciousness) (某种状态)进入，陷入Tom lapsed into unconsciousness when he reached the hospital.lard [sth] vtr (cookery: add lard to) (烹饪)放猪油，涂猪油If you lard the stew it will taste richer.lash [sb/sth] vtr (strike with whip)鞭打The guard lashed the criminal in front of a crowd.警卫当着众人的面鞭打罪犯。lash [sth/sb] vtr (bind, fasten)捆住；捆紧备注: Followed by a preposition or an adverb.Odysseus asked his crew to lash him to the mast of his ship.奥德塞让船员把自己绑在船桅杆上。lash [sth] down, lash down [sth] vtr + adv (bind, fasten in place)捆紧；扎牢lash out [sth] on [sth] v expr UK, informal (extravagantly spend sum of money on)大手大脚地在…上花…I've just lashed out £2,000 on a holiday.我刚刚挥霍了2000英镑去度假。lashings of [sth] npl UK, dated, informal (large amount) (英国旧式用法)大量的The woman served her guests tea and scones with lashings of jam.lasso [sth] vtr (catch with a looped rope)用套索捕捉The farmer lassoed a stray dog that was eating his crops.last [sth], last for vtr (continue for a certain time)继续；持续；延续The speech lasted thirty minutes.演讲持续了三十分钟。the last of [sth], plural: the last of [sth] n (only remaining person, thing)最后剩下之人；最后留存之物Robert Scott and his team were the last of the great explorers.罗伯特·思考特和他的小队是还活在世上的最后一批伟大的探险家。latch [sth] vtr (door: fasten)锁住；闩上Mike latched the door on his way out.麦克出门的时候把门锁上了。lather [sb/sth] vtr (cover with lather)用皂沫覆盖；在…上涂上肥皂泡沫Lather your face before shaving.剃须前在脸上涂上泡沫。laud [sb/sth] vtr (praise)赞美；称赞Teachers lauded the new contract.教师们纷纷称赞新的合同。；laugh at [sb/sth] vi + prep (find amusing)因为…而大笑We all laughed at the film. My boyfriend laughs at my jokes, even when they're not funny.我们都因为那部电影而大笑。我讲的笑话男友都会笑，即使有些并不那么好笑。laugh at [sb/sth] vi + prep (mock)嘲笑；讥笑I wish you wouldn't laugh at me, it's not funny!我希望你不要嘲笑我，这不是什么好笑的事！laugh [sth] vtr (say while laughing)笑着说"Why are you wearing that ridiculous hat?" he laughed.“你为什么要戴那顶荒唐可笑的帽子？”他笑着说。laugh [sth] to scorn v expr (ridicule, deride)嘲讽；讥讽launch [sth] vtr (rocket: send into space)发射The space agency launched another rocket into space at 6 AM.太空署凌晨六点向太空发射了另一枚火箭。launch [sth] vtr (vessel: set onto water) (船)使...下水The shipyard will launch the new boat next week.造船厂将于下周让新船下水。launch [sth] vtr (marketing: introduce)推出；发布；发行The company will launch its new product on Wednesday.星期三该公司将推出新产品。launch [sth] vtr (begin on a course) (旅程)开始；上路；启程They launched the expedition into the uncharted jungle.launch [sth] vtr (send forth)发射The commander gave the order to launch the torpedoes at the enemy ship.launch [sth] vtr (hurl, throw)扔；抛；投He launched the ball towards the goal from thirty metres away.launch an attack, launch an attack on [sth/sb] v expr (military: begin combat)对...发动攻击Prepare to launch an attack, men.launch an attack, launch an attack on [sth/sb] v expr (criticize harshly)对...发起抨击The newspaper article launched an attack on the president and his policies.launch into [sth] vi + prep (begin enthusiastically)积极投入；热情地开始After seeing the beggar, he launched into a speech about poverty.launder [sth] vtr (wash: clothes, etc.)洗涤；洗The housekeeper laundered the sheets.管家将床单洗干净。launder [sth] vtr figurative (conceal illegality of: money) (比喻把非法收入合法化)洗钱The corporation laundered millions of dollars before getting caught.那家公司洗了数百万美金，后来被逮住了。launder [sth] vtr figurative (sanitize) (比喻)洗白Mr. Brown will have to launder his image if he wants to run for office.要想再次竞选职位，布朗先生必须先洗白自己的形象。lave [sth] vtr literary, rare (wash) (罕见用语)洗；给…沐浴The girl lathed her face in the stream's cool water.那个女孩用溪中冷水洗了洗脸。lave [sth] vtr literary, rare (river, sea: lap at)冲刷；冲打The ocean laved the sand in the gentle breeze.海浪温柔地冲刷着沙滩。lavish [sth] on [sb] vtr (give profusely)慷慨给予Karen's grandmother always lavished gifts on her whenever she visited.无论卡伦何时拜访，她的祖母都会慷慨给予各种礼物。lay [sth] vtr (place horizontally)平放备注: "Lay" is also the past tense of "lie." It is sometimes used incorrectly in the present tense instead of "lie."He usually lays the plans on the table.他常把设计图平放在桌子上。lay [sth] on [sb] vtr + prep (blame, stress: assign) (责难、错误等)归于；加诸于He would usually lay the blame on his sister.他经常把错怪在他妹妹身上。lay [sth] vtr (produce: egg)生产；产；下A hen can lay a few eggs per week, I think.我想，母鸡每周能下好几个蛋。lay [sth] vtr (floor: cover)铺放；把…铺在…上He laid lino in the hall.他在走廊中铺上了油毡。lay [sth] vtr (install)打（地基等）；安设The contractors came in to lay the foundation to the building.lay [sth] on [sth] vtr (place a bet)在…上下注；押赌注于He laid fifty dollars on the horse.lay [sb] [sth] vtr (bet)打赌I'll lay you ten to one that he wasn't there at all.lay a trap, lay a trap for [sth] v expr (set a trap, snare)布置陷阱抓；装陷阱捕猎He laid a trap for the mouse.lay [sth] away, lay away [sth] vtr + adv (store for later use)放起来；存起来lay [sth] bare, lay bare [sth] v expr figurative (reveal, expose)公开，公布；揭露，暴露The investigation laid bare the corruption by government officials.lay claim to [sth] v expr (claim ownership of)对...的所有权提出主张；对…提出主权要求He laid claim to the house and the surrounding land.lay claim to doing [sth] v expr (assert [sth] about yourself)自称；自以为Prudence laid claim to being the best singer in her family.普鲁登斯自认为是她家中最好的歌手。lay claim to [sth] v expr (claim to have)声称有；宣称有lay down your life for [sb/sth] v expr (die for a cause)为...献出生命；为...拼上性命Some mothers would lay down their lives for their children.lay emphasis on [sth] v expr (stress, emphasize)强调lay flagstone on [sth] v expr (place paving slabs on)铺石板于lay [sth] flat vtr + adj (spread [sth] across an even surface) (某物)把…放平，把…平摊You must lay the book out flat in order to photocopy it well.lay your hands on [sth], lay hands on [sth] v expr informal, figurative (obtain: [sth])获得；得到I'll bring you that CD just as soon as I can lay my hands on it.我一得到那张CD就立马给你拿过来。lay off doing [sth] v expr slang (stop doing)停止I wish my friends would lay off teasing me about my friendship with James.我希望朋友们不要再拿我和詹姆斯的友谊开玩笑了。lay [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (put on top)把…放在…上He laid his coat on the arm of the chair.他将外套放在椅背上。lay siege to [sth] v expr (attack)围攻The German army laid siege to Stalingrad in August 1942.lay [sth] to rest v expr figurative (rumours, etc.: end) (谣言等)消除，平息The politician wanted to lay the rumours about his private life to rest.lay waste to [sth] v expr (devastate)彻底破坏；毁坏；蹂躏The earthquake laid waste to the already devastated country.layer [sth] vtr (arrange in layers)分层涂抹；分层铺开The chef layered the cake and the chocolate frosting.leach into [sth] vi + prep (seep, soak) (液体)渗入Chemicals have been leaching into the river for months.leach [sth] vtr (liquid: lose bit by bit)漏；泄露The water bottle is leaching water.这个水瓶在漏水。leach out of [sth], leach from [sth] vi + prep (drain from [sth])从…渗出；从…滤出Shampoo is leaching out of the bottle.lead [sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (head)给…带头；带领...做某事The priest leads the congregation in prayer.牧师带领教众祈祷。lead [sb/sth] vtr (command)领导；指挥；率领The general leads his troops well, so they do what he orders.这位将军把军队带得很好，手下人都愿意服从他的命令。lead [sth] vtr (head, manage)率领；领导；负责The chief inspector leads the investigation.总监领导这次调查。lead to [sth] vi + prep (take you to) (某地)通向，通往This road leads to the forest.这条路通往树林。lead to [sth] vi + prep figurative (bring about)引起；导致The employee's habitual tardiness led to his dismissal.Drinking too much alcohol can lead to liver disease.这位员工迟到成习惯，因此被开除了。饮酒过多可能导致肾脏疾病。lead [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (direct)引导某人达成某观点Lead them to agreement with logical arguments.用具有逻辑性的论点说服他们赞成。lead [sb] to do [sth] v expr (cause, prompt)引起某人做某事；促使某人做某事Jennifer's interest in animals led her to becoming a vet.詹妮弗对动物的兴趣促使自己成为一名兽医。lead [sth] vtr (go ahead)领先；走在…前面The German cyclist is currently leading the race.那位德国自行车选手目前处于比赛领先位置。lead [sth] vtr (live)过...的生活My grandfather led a hard life.我祖父的一生过得很艰难。lead [sth] vtr (influence)引导；影响The president is able to lead public opinion with his comments to the press.lead [sth] vtr (cards: play first)首先出…牌He led an ace of hearts.lead [sth] vtr (aim a gun)瞄准；对准Lead the target by a foot or two.lead [sb/sth] vtr (music: conduct a group) (乐队)指挥The conductor has led this orchestra for two years.lead [sth] vtr (cards: play first)率先出牌；开牌You lead this hand. Throw your card.lead [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (prompt to mention)使…提到…，使…说到，使…谈及All of which leads me to my next point, which is that the project cannot possibly be completed on time.leaflet [sb/sth] vtr (hand out fliers to)向…发传单The campaigners leafleted every house in the area.活动人士向这一片的每一家发传单。leak from [sth], leak out of [sth] vi + prep (fluid: escape)从…中渗漏Oil leaked out of the engine, and after a while it seized.机油从引擎中渗漏出来，之后没多久就停住了。leak [sth] vtr (fluid: let out)漏出；渗漏Tom's car leaks power steering fluid.汤姆的车会渗漏动力转向液。leak [sth] vtr figurative (reveal: secret information)泄露；走漏（机密）The reporter leaked classified information about the government.记者泄露了政府的机密信息。lean against [sth] vi + prep (for support)倚靠在…上He felt dizzy and had to lean against the wall for support.lean [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep (prop: [sth] up on [sth])把…靠在…上The thief leaned his ladder against the wall of the house.lean against [sth] vi + prep (be propped against [sth])靠着；倚着The board is leaning against the wall.lean on [sth], lean upon [sth] vi + prep (rest your weight on)倚靠Don't lean on the railing of this balcony - it isn't secure! If you will lean on my shoulder as we walk, it will take some of the weight off your sore ankle.别靠在这个阳台的栏杆上，这样不安全！如果走路时你靠在我的肩膀上，你疼痛的脚踝就会减轻一些压力。lean over backward to do [sth] (US), lean over backwards to do [sth] (UK) v expr figurative (make every effort)竭尽全力做某事；尽力做某事lean over backward for [sb/sth] (US), lean over backwards for [sb/sth] (UK) v expr figurative (make every effort)尽力；尽全力lean toward [sth/sb], lean towards [sth/sb] vi + prep (incline body in the direction of)附身向...；身体靠向...My grandmother often leans toward me in order to hear every word that I say.leap [sth] vtr (jump over)跳过；跃过The horse leaped the barrier and ran away.马跃过障碍跑走了。leap [sth] over [sth] vtr + prep (cause to jump over)使…越过什么，使…跳过…The horseman leapt his horse over the gate.leap at the chance to do [sth], leap at the opportunity to do [sth] v expr figurative (seize an opportunity)抓住机会She leapt at the chance to perform with her favourite singer.leap out from [sth], leap out of [sth] v expr (jump out, emerge from)跳出；从...中跃出The assassin leapt out from his hiding place.leapfrog [sth/sb] vtr (leap, jump over)跳过；跃过Running away from the police, the criminal leapfrogged the fence.罪犯跃过栅栏，想摆脱警察的追赶。leapfrog [sth] vtr figurative (obstacle, barrier: overcome)跨越The company was able to leapfrog the barriers to entry and is now thriving.learn [sth] vtr (know by studying)学会；学懂I would love to learn Spanish one day.我很想有一天学会说西班牙语。learn [sth] vtr (memorize)记住；记着The actor had to learn his lines.这名演员不得不把台词背会。learn to do [sth] v expr (skill: acquire)学会，学到，习得，掌握Children usually start to learn to walk when they are about a year old.小孩一般在周岁前后开始学走路。learn [sth] vtr (technique: master)掌握；学会He learned the art of stone masonry in just three years.他只用三年就掌握了石匠手艺。learn [sth] vtr (with object: discover)发现；获悉；了解Guess what I just learned by listening in to a phone conversation?猜猜我刚才听别人打电话知道了什么？learn about [sth] vi + prep (become informed about)获悉，知道；学习How did you learn about our company? The kids have been learning about the Middle Ages in their history class.你是怎么知道我们公司的？历史课上，孩子们一直在学习关于中世纪的知识。learn all about [sth] v expr (become fully informed)充分获悉；充分了解Before I invest in a company, I am always sure to learn all about their history and business practices.learn [sth] by heart v expr (memorize)记住；默记When I was a child I learned my times-tables by heart.learn from [sb/sth] vi + prep (gain lessons from [sb/sth])从...中学习；从...身上学习learn of [sth] vi + prep (hear about)得知；听说When did you first learn of her death?learn [sth] the hard way, find [sth] out the hard way, find out [sth] the hard way v expr (learn from difficult experiences)经历艰难才学会；费一番苦功才了解lease [sth], lease out [sth], lease [sth] out vtr (property: rent out)出租Chris doesn't live in his old flat anymore; he leases it out to make money.克里斯已经不住在自己的旧公寓里了，他出租旧公寓，以此赚钱。lease [sth] to [sb], lease out [sth] to [sb], lease [sth] out to [sb] vtr + prep (property: rent to [sb]) (房产)将…租给，将…出租给Kyle leased his flat to his brother when he moved in with his girlfriend.凯尔和女友同居后，将自己的公寓出租给了他弟弟。lease [sth] vtr (car, equipment: hire) (车、设备等)租用，租Tim leased a car at the airport.提姆在机场租了辆车。lease [sth] to [sb], lease out [sth] to [sb], lease [sth] out to [sb] vtr + prep (hire [sth] out to [sb])将…租借给Ben leased some equipment to a customer.本将部分设施租借给了一位顾客。lease [sth] vtr (property: rent)租住；租用Kam leased a house with his two friends.卡姆和自己的两个朋友租住一栋房子。lease [sth] from [sb] vtr + prep (property: rent from [sb])从...处租...Frank leased a property from his uncle.弗兰克从叔叔那里租了一套房。lease [sth] vtr (car, equipment: rent out)出租The hardware store leases power tools.五金商店可出租电动工具。lease [sth] from [sb] vtr + prep (car, etc.: hire [sth] from [sb])从…那里租（车）Ben leased a car from the dealership.本从经销商那里租了一辆车。leash [sth] vtr (dog: put on a lead) (指给狗等)以皮带系住Tom leashed the dog at the park.leash [sth/sb] vtr figurative (restrain)约束；控制；束缚Karen managed to leash her anger when her coworker took credit for her work.leather [sth] vtr (cover with leather)用皮革覆盖；用皮革包住The smith leathered the handle of the knife.铁匠用皮革包住这把刀的刀柄。leather [sth] vtr figurative (beat)用鞭子鞭打；用皮鞭打；抽打Fred's abusive dad used to leather him with his belt.弗雷德的父亲是个虐待狂，过去常常用皮带抽打他。leave [sth] vtr (go away: from a place)离开；离去；从…出发I'm going to leave this town at three o'clock today.我今天三点钟出镇。leave [sb/sth] vtr (abandon)抛弃；扔掉；抛开不顾He left his wife at home, and went out with his friends on Friday night.礼拜五晚上，他把妻子扔在家里，自己和朋友出去了。leave [sth] vtr (let remain)留下；留给I enjoyed my meal, but left some of the potatoes as I was feeling rather full.我喜欢这顿饭，但因为吃饱了，所以土豆剩下了一些。leave [sth] for [sb] vtr + prep (let remain: for [sb] else)为…剩下；为…留He left only one piece of pizza for the others.他只为其他人留了一块披萨。leave [sb] [sth] vtr (let [sb] keep, take)把…留给Leave me your number in case I need to get in touch.把你的电话号码留给我吧，以防我要联系你。leave [sth] with [sb] vtr + prep (entrust)将..交托给；将...委托；将...托付给Can I leave my keys with you in case something happens?我能把钥匙交给你吗？以防万一。leave [sth] vtr (forget to bring)忘记, 忘掉, 把…落下Oh, no. I left the present at home.哦，天，我把礼物忘在家里了。leave [sth] vtr (not bring)留下；不带走I've left the keys on the kitchen table in case you want to go out.我把钥匙留在厨房的桌子上了，以防你想要外出。leave [sth] vtr (remainder) (数学：减法)剩，剩余Five minus three leaves two.leave [sb] [sth] vtr (have remaining)给...剩下；把...留给The coat cost thirty-five dollars and the shoes cost twenty, so that leaves us only five dollars.leave [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (bequeath)将...遗赠给；将…作为遗物留给In his will, her father left her the antique clock.leave [sth] vtr (deposit, give)把…留在；留下；将…留给He left his phone number on the answering machine.leave to do [sth] n (permission for absence)准假；休假做某事My boss gave me leave to study for three months.老板给我准了三个月的假，让我去进修。leave [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (have remaining)给…剩下If you take that twenty-pound note, you'll leave me with less than five pounds.如果你拿走了那张20镑的钞票，我就只剩下不到五磅了。leave [sb/sth] alone, leave [sb/sth] well enough alone vtr + adj (not disturb)让…独自呆着；别去打扰I just want to be left alone to get on with my novel.leave [sb/sth] alone, leave [sb/sth] well enough alone vtr + adj (stop harassing)停止骚扰She wished that the man beside her at the bar would leave her alone.leave [sth] alone vtr + adj (stop fiddling with [sth])不管；不理leave [sth] aside vtr + prep figurative (exclude)暂不考虑Leaving aside the two sunflowers, her garden did not have any flowers.leave [sth] be v expr (stop fussing over [sth])别大惊小怪的了；别小题大做的了Your hair looks fine as it is; just leave it be!leave [sth] high and dry v expr often passive (ship: ground, beach) (船)让…搁浅The fishing boats were left high and dry when the tide went out.leave [sth] in, leave in [sth] vtr + adv (let [sth] remain)留下，留着Leave that sentence in; I think it's good.leave off doing [sth] v expr informal (stop doing [sth]) (非正式用语)使停止The mother told her son to leave off ripping the pages out of the book.母亲让儿子别再撕书了。leave the door open for [sb/sth], leave the door open to [sth/sb] v expr figurative (allow possibility, access)为…保留可能性When the reigning gold medalist fell, she left the door open for her competitors.By not completely cutting ties with the country's former allies, the prime minister is leaving the door open for negotiations to be resumed in the future.leave to amend [sth] n (permission to alter: a plea, etc.) (请求等)允许修改leave your mark on [sth/sb] v expr figurative (make an impact)打下烙印；留下影响Parents leave their mark on their children.leaven [sth] vtr (add rising agent to)让...发酵Yeast helps leaven bread.酵母会让面团发酵。leaven [sth] vtr (bread: cause to rise)使...发酵leaven [sth] vtr figurative (mood, tone: lighten) (比喻)使活跃；使更加有趣The soft, light music leavened the mood in the room.lecture [sb] in [sth] vtr + prep figurative (give educational speech to)教育；给…上课Fred lectured his son in the art of fishing.弗雷德给儿子上了一堂垂钓艺术的课。lecture [sb] about doing [sth] v expr figurative (reprimand, moralize)因为…批评；因为…斥责Deanna lectured her son about staying out late.狄安娜因为儿子晚归而批评他。be leery of [sth/sb] v expr (wary, not trusting)对…猜疑；对…警惕I'm leery of my father's financial advice; he lost all his money in the stock market.legalize [sth], also UK: legalise [sth] vtr (make [sth] legal)使合法化；使得到法律认可Many Americans do not want to legalize drugs.legislate for [sth] vi + prep (make laws about)为…立法；为…制定法律It is very difficult to legislate for every eventuality.legislate [sth] vtr (apply laws to)通过法律；通过立法实现It is government's responsibility to legislate economic policy.legitimize [sth], also UK: legitimise [sth] vtr (validate, justify [sth])使…正当；正当化You need to punish your kids instead of legitimizing their bad behavior.legitimize [sth], also UK: legitimise [sth] vtr (make [sth] lawful)使…合法；使…具有合法地位The Supreme Court just legitimized same-sex marriage.lemmatize [sth], also UK: lemmatise [sth] vtr technical (linguistics: sort words)把...按屈折变化形式进行归类lend [sth] vtr (loan an item) (指物品)出租The library lends books if you are a local resident.图书馆可向当地居民出租图书。lend [sb] [sth] vtr (loan money) (指金钱)给某人借某物Dan's parents lent him some money to pay his hospital bills.为了偿还医疗费用，丹的父母给他借了些钱。lend [sth] to [sth/sb] vtr + prep (provide)把某物提供给某人或某事Natalie lent her skills to her company in expectation of a return.娜塔莉为公司提供自己的技能，以期得到回报。lend [sb/sth] [sth] vtr (give characteristic)给…添加（特色）；给…增添（特点）The glasses lent Brian an air of sophistication.这幅眼镜为布莱恩添加了一丝老练的感觉。lend [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep (give characteristic)给…增加（特色）The vocalist's British accent lends a certain charm to her singing.这位歌唱家的英式口音给自己的演唱增加了不少魅力。lend itself to [sth] v expr (be suitable for)适合于；有助于lend [sth] out, lend out [sth] vtr + adv (allow to borrow)借出lend weight to [sth], lend [sth] weight v expr figurative (give [sth] credibility)使…更可信a length (of [sth]) n (cord, rope: piece)一段；一截Pass me a length of rope, so I can tie the boards together.给我一节绳子，我好把这些板子捆在一起。lengthen [sth] vtr (make longer physically)加长；使变长The aim of the operation is to lengthen her bones.lengthen [sth] vtr (make longer in time)使…的时间加长；使延长People will appreciate it if you lengthen the lunch break a little.the lesser, the lesser of [sth] n (the smaller of [sth])较小者，较少者Both these brothers have large fortunes, but the older brother's fortune is the lesser of the two.这兄弟两都很有钱，但哥哥的钱是两人中较少的。let [sb], let [sb] do [sth] vtr (allow)允许某人做某事；让某人做某事My wife let me go out with the guys last night.昨晚我妻子允许我与哥们出去玩。let [sth] vtr UK (lease, rent out)出租；租赁The landlord let the flat for £1000 per month.let [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep UK (lease, rent out to [sb])把某物租赁给某人；将某物租给某人I'm letting the house to a family who have just moved to the area.let [sth] be v expr (leave undisturbed) (某物)使…保持原状let [sb/sth] by, let by [sb/sth] vtr + adv (allow [sb/sth] to pass)让…过去，让…通过let down by [sb/sth] expr (disappointed, failed)因...而失望Alicia feels let down by her best friend, who always says she's too busy to spend time with her.艾丽西亚觉得让她最好的朋友失望了，因为她总是说她太忙了，没时间跟她一起。let [sth] drop, let drop [sth] v expr (with object: mention)透露；提到；随口漏出She let drop the fact that she was single.她无意中提到自己是单身。let go of [sth/sb] v expr (release hold on)松开；放开Let go of me, you bully!放开我，你这个混蛋！let [sth] go v expr informal, figurative (stop pursuing [sth])停止进行We've decided to let the matter go.我们决定不追究这件事。let [sb] in on [sth], let [sb] into [sth] v expr (share secret)告诉某人某事，向某人透露某事let [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep (allow [sb] to enter)让...进入let [sb] know [sth] v expr (inform)告诉；告知We'll let you know our decision after the meeting.let [sb/sth] loose vtr + adj (set free, release)放开；放了He let his dogs loose on my lawn and they made such a mess!let [sb] loose on [sth] v expr informal (allow to use freely)让某人随便用某物We should never have let the kids loose on the computer!let [sb] off with [sth] v expr informal (not punish severely)轻易放过；从轻发落The police caught Alfie tagging a wall, but let him off with a stern warning.警察逮到阿尔菲在墙上涂鸦，但在警告他之后就放他走了。let [sth] out, let out [sth] vtr + adv UK (lease, rent)出租Anya lets out her house to students during term time.安雅在开学期间将她的房子出租给学生。let [sth] pass v expr (not react to)不计较，不对…做出反应Jeremy let Liz's rude comment pass because he did not want to argue with her.let [sth] rip v expr figurative, slang (utter in an unrestrained way)放肆地说Tom let rip a stream of obscenities.let [sth] slide v expr figurative, informal (neglect)对…放之任之；让…随它去Since his wife died, he has let things slide, and the house is a mess.let [sth] slide v expr figurative, informal (let pass without correction)对...放任自流, 对...听之任之let [sb/sth] through vtr + adv (allow to pass)允许通行；准予通过The police asked the crowd to let the ambulance through.let up on [sth] v expr (stop doing [sth])停止The strikers have stated that they will not be letting up on their campaign of action.罢工者声称他们不会停止他们的行动。let up about [sth] v expr (subject: stop talking about)停止谈论Matt was late home on Friday night and his wife still hasn't let up about it.马特周五晚上很晚才回家，他妻子到现在还没完没了说起。letter in [sth] vi + prep US (win a sports award)获得校队优秀运动员荣誉；获得校队字母标志He lettered in basketball in high school.level [sth] vtr (make even, flat)平整；使…平坦；弄平They brought in a bulldozer to level the land around the house.他们开来推土机把房子周围的地弄平。level [sth] vtr (position on the same level)使…成同一水平；使...一样高Justine levelled the three photo frames.level [sth] at [sb] vtr + prep (aim: a gun, etc.)用…瞄准；用...对准The man levelled the gun at his hostage, then fired.level [sth] at [sb] vtr + prep figurative (direct: a criticism, an accusation) (指批评)使针对；对...提出Ray's ex-colleagues levelled some terrible accusations at him.level [sth] vtr (remove, destroy)摧毁；拆除The demolition workers levelled the old building to build a new one.lever [sth] vtr (raise, prise up)撬起；撬开；撬动Jane tried to lever the lid off the jar with a knife and accidentally cut her thumb. Lisa levered up the manhole cover.简想用刀撬起瓶盖，但不小心割伤了自己的拇指。丽莎撬开下水道井盖。leverage [sth] vtr figurative (use to advantage)利用…的优势；充分利用He leveraged his marketing skills to become director of the company.leverage [sth] vtr figurative (increase return on: an investment)使…举债经营；使发挥杠杆作用I leveraged my investments by buying on margin.levitate [sth/sb] vtr (make rise into the air)使漂浮在空中；使升空I saw a horror movie in which the witch levitated her victims before killing them.levy [sth] vtr (taxes)征（税）；课（税）The government levied taxes at the beginning of each year.政府每年年初征税。levy [sth] vtr (war)征召；征募The king levied people into his army before launching his war.be liable for [sth] v expr (be accountable for)对…负责Kyle is liable for his actions while he was drunk.凯尔要对他醉酒时的行为负责。be liable to [sth] v expr (be legally subject to [sth])应受到…的法律惩罚；有…的法律义务Any driver found with an open container of alcohol in their car is liable to arrest.任何驾驶人员，只要在他的车上发现有打开的酒瓶，都该被拘捕。be liable to [sth] v expr (be vulnerable to)易遭受…的The lungs of smokers are liable to infection.抽烟的人容易受到肺部感染。be liable to do [sth] v expr (be likely to do [sth])很有可能做某事；一般来说会做某事If someone came in screaming and crying, a normal person would be liable to call the police.如果有人哭泣尖叫着跑进来，正常人一般都会打电话报警。be liable to being [sth] v expr (be vulnerable to)容易遭受；容易被If you leave your cattle out in open range at night they are liable to being snatched by wolves.如果你晚上把牛群留在牛栏外，它们就很容易被狼叼走。liberalize [sth], also UK: liberalise [sth] vtr (make [sth] more liberal)使自由化The citizens' modern beliefs are liberalizing the government.liberate [sb/sth] vtr (set free)释放；放出Animal activists liberated the farm animals.liberate [sb/sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (set free from confinement)释放；使自由The government finally liberated the political prisoner from incarceration.liberate [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep (free from control)使摆脱控制The American Revolution liberated the people from tyranny.license [sb] to do [sth] v expr (grant permission)批准某人做某事；允许某人做某事The federal government licensed the oil company to dump toxic waste into the water supply.联邦政府批准了石油公司向水供给中倾倒有毒废料。license [sth] vtr often passive (pub: allow to serve alcohol)颁发给…（卖酒）许可证；给...颁发许可The state licensed the sale of alcohol on the premises.州际部门给这家公司颁发许可，允许其售酒。licensed, also UK: licenced to do [sth] expr (person: officially authorized to do)正式许可做...的I'm licensed to drive a taxi in this city.我经批准可在本市驾驶出租车。lick [sth/sb] vtr (lap with tongue)舔The dog licked his owner's hand.那只狗舔了舔主人的手。lick at [sth] vi + prep (lap at [sth] with tongue)舔；用舌头舔The cat licked at the milk in the saucer.猫用舌头舔着盘子里的牛奶。lick [sb/sth] vtr slang, figurative (defeat) (口语)打败Kate's soccer team licked the other team easily.lick [sb/sth] vtr (beat, thrash)打；揍The school bully licked Greg during recess.lick [sth] vtr figurative (flame, fire: burn) (火)吞卷The campfire flames licked the pieces of wood.lick at [sth] vi + prep figurative (flames: come close) (火焰)卷过The flames licked at Jo's face as she pulled the boy from the burning building.lick [sth] off, lick off [sth] vtr + adv (remove by licking)舔掉…Danny licked the frosting off his lip.lie in [sth] vi + prep (be due to)在于；由于；因为The problem lies in the fact that he doesn't know how to work with people.问题在于他不知道如何跟别人合作。lie with [sb/sth] vi + prep (be attributable to)在于，归于The responsibility for the decision lies with the manager.那个决策的责任归于经理一人。lift [sth/sb] vtr (raise upward)抬起；举起He lifted the tray above the kids.他把盘子举过孩子们的头顶。lift [sth] vtr (hoist)举起；抬高；升高The car was lifted so the mechanic could work underneath.机械师把车抬举起来，好在底盘下工作。lift [sth] vtr (rescind, remove)撤销；废除；废止California lifted its gay marriage ban in 2008.The government lifted the boycott on foreign goods after three days.lift [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep figurative (elevate in circumstances)结束了某人的某种处境The success of his art lifted him from poverty.lift [sth] from vtr slang, figurative (plagiarize) (俚语)从...抄袭，剽窃The author had lifted entire paragraphs from another book.lift [sth] vtr (horticulture: remove plants) (园艺)挖出...以备移植；移植She lifted the irises in October, before the first frost.lift [sth] vtr slang, figurative (steal) (俚语)偷，顺；盗窃The thief lifted the man's wallet.lift a finger to do [sth], lift a hand to do [sth] v expr figurative (make effort to help)帮忙做某事备注: Usually used in the negative.I wish you would lift a finger to help around the house occasionally.lift the curtain on [sth] v expr figurative (expose to the public)拉开帷幕；揭开序幕lift [sth] up vtr + adv (raise)抬起；提起；举起If you lift up the boxes and hand them to me, I'll put them in the attic.把那几个盒子举起来递给我，我把它们放到阁楼里去。ligate [sth] vtr (surgery: tie) (外科手术)结扎, 捆扎light [sth] vtr (illuminate)照亮He finally found the lamp to light the room.The mayor flipped the switch to light the Christmas tree.他终于找到了能照亮房间的台灯。市长按下开关，点亮了圣诞树。light [sth] vtr (ignite)点燃；点着I will light the petrol to set off the fire.我要点着汽油，好把火引燃。be light on [sth] v expr (lack, not have much)缺乏light [sth] up, light up [sth] vtr + adv (illuminate)照亮The dim lamp hardly lights up the room.那盏昏暗的台灯几乎不能将房间照亮。lighten [sth] vtr (make less dark)使变亮；照亮Opening the curtains lightened the room enough to read.lighten [sth] vtr (colour: make paler) (色彩)调淡，使变淡I want to lighten my hair colour a little bit.lighten [sth] vtr (make less heavy)减轻；使变轻The cart driver asked the passengers to get off and walk up the hill, to lighten the load for the horse.lighten [sth] vtr figurative (make less onerous)减轻What can I do to lighten your workload?lighten [sth] vtr figurative (mood: make less serious)缓和Dave's jokes always lighten the atmosphere.like [sth] vtr (consider good)觉得好；喜欢I like that idea. Let's suggest it to the boss.我喜欢那个点子。让我们将它告诉老板吧。like [sth] vtr (be fond of)喜欢，喜爱，乐于接受Do you like pizza?你喜欢吃披萨吗？like [sth], like [sb] vtr (desire, prefer)愿意；想要You can do what you like till I get home, then we are cleaning the house.在我回来之前你干什么都可以，但我回来后咱们就得打扫房子了。like doing [sth], like to do [sth] v expr (activity: enjoy)喜欢做某事；喜爱做某事Liz likes cooking Thai food.莉兹喜欢做泰国菜。like [sth] vtr (social media: favorite) (社交媒体)给…点赞备注: Sometimes used in speech marksI wished Danny a happy birthday and he "liked" my post.like to do [sth] expr US, regional (almost)几乎…了，快要…了The poor kid like to froze.likely to do [sth] adj (expected)可能会...的；有…倾向的He's likely to be very interested in your offer.他可能会对你的提议非常感兴趣。liken [sth/sb] to [sth/sb] vtr (compare)将...比拟；将...比作In one of his parables Jesus likened the kingdom of heaven to a pearl of great price.lime [sth] vtr (wall: whitewash)用石灰刷；粉刷The workers limed the walls at the end to give them a nice white color and to reflect the sun.lime [sth] vtr (put birdlime on)在…上涂粘鸟胶Alex limed the branch to try to catch a bird.lime [sth] vtr (throw lime on dirt)在…上撒石灰肥料The farmer limed the fields to help sustain plant growth.limit [sth] vtr (restrict)限制The courts in the US are supposed to limit the power of the president and Congress.美国的法院应该对总统和国会的权力进行限制。limn [sth] vtr rare (depict) (罕见用法)描述, 描绘, 描写, 刻画line of [sth] n (thought, policy)思路His line of thought is consistent with that of the religious authorities.line [sth] vtr (baseball: hit a line drive) (棒球)打出（平直球）He lined the ball to center field and got to first base.line [sth] vtr (mark with lines)给...画线；用线标示The teacher told the pupils to line their blank sheets of paper before writing on them.老师要求学生在写字前先在白纸上画上线。line [sth] vtr (add lining)做内衬；做内垫；衬在；垫在Sophie lined the inside of the box with paper to protect the contents. Line your baking tin with greaseproof paper, so the cake won't stick.索菲在盒里垫上纸来保护里面的东西。在烘焙模子中衬上烘焙纸，免得蛋糕粘在模子上。line [sth] vtr (be lining)衬在…里面；做…的衬里The paper lined the sides of the box.line [sth] up with [sth], line up [sth] with [sth] v expr (align)将…与…对齐；使…与…成一条直线When using the cutter, line your paper up with the guideline.使用裁刀时，将纸与参考线对齐。；lined with [sth] adj + prep (having [sth] all along)充满着；布满着The street was lined with poplars.be lined up for [sth] expr informal (set aside, ready)为...准备好；为...预备着Those funds are lined up for emergencies.lined with [sth/sb] adj + prep (having a line of)满是；挤满The marathon route was lined with well-wishers.马拉松赛道两旁挤满了祝福喝彩的人。lined with [sth] adj + prep (having a lining)有…衬里，衬有…The coat was lined with the softest fleece.linger over [sth] vi + prep (take your time with)慢慢…link [sth], link [sth] and [sth] vtr (connect)连接，接合；联系They linked the two carriages to form a longer train.他们把两节车厢连接在一起，加长了列车长度。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 这位球星的名字因为那篇报道而与那位模特的名字联系在了一起。link [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (connect physically)把…和…连接起来Gaby used a USB cable to link the printer with the computer.盖比用一条USB线把打印机和电脑连接起来。link [sb/sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep figurative (connect mentally) (比喻)认为…之间有联系，将…与…联系起来The detective linked the suspect to the crime scene.侦探认为这位嫌犯与那个犯罪现场之间有联系。link [sth/sb] with [sth/sb] vtr + prep figurative (associate)将…与…联系在一起The rock star has often been linked with bad behaviour such as taking drugs.人们经常把那位摇滚明星与不良行为联系起来，如吸毒等。link [sth/sb] with [sth/sb] vtr + prep (correlate, associate)涉及；关系到Several studies have linked smoking with birth defects.几项研究都表明，吸烟与婴儿先天缺陷有关。link [sth] up vtr + adv (connect)将…连接起来The Laos-Thai bridge links up the two countries.link up [sth] and [sth] v expr (connect: two things together)将…与…连接起来link [sth] up with [sth], link [sth] up to [sth] v expr (connect: two things)将…与…连接起来；将…连接到…上We were able to link the computer up to a huge TV screen.linked to [sth/sb] adj + prep figurative (caused by, due to)与…有关Heart disease is linked to lifestyle choices.linked with [sth/sb] adj + prep figurative (associated)与…相关lint [sth] vtr (computer code: analyse) (计算机)用lint进行代码分析lion of [sth] n figurative (person: important figure)…方面的名人n；…方面的名流Jean Renoir was a lion of 20th-century French cinema.lip [sth] vtr rare (touch with lips) (罕见用法)用嘴唇碰Brad smelled the poison before he had even lipped the glass.lip [sth] vtr rare (murmur softly) (罕见用法)轻声细语说；低声说Dean lipped sweet nothings into his girlfriend's ear.lip sync to [sth], lip-sync, lip synch vi + prep informal (mime to a song)跟着…对口型，跟着…假唱I was very disappointed to see that the singer was only lip-synching to a recording.lip-read [sth], also US: lipread [sth] vtr (interpret by watching [sb] speak)读唇语The students lip-read the teacher's instructions.该学生通过读唇语来理解老师的指示。liquefy [sth], liquify [sth] vtr (turn to liquid)液化liquidate [sth] vtr (close down: a business)停业清算The owners liquidated the company and invested the money in a new business.liquidize [sth], also UK: liquidise [sth] vtr (turn [sth] to liquid)使…液化liquidize [sth], also UK: liquidise [sth] vtr (assets: sell off)盘活（资产）；清算（资产）list [sth] vtr (enumerate: tasks, items, etc.)列举The speaker listed his ideas.发言人列举了他的想法。list [sth] vtr (enter on a list)列出；将...拉清单；将...列入清单She listed milk and cheese on the paper.她在纸上列出牛奶和奶酪。list [sth] vtr (record a stock on an exchange)把…股票列入上市证券表；上市The New York Stock Exchange listed the new company in March.这家新公司3月在纽约交易所上市。list [sth] for [sth] vtr + prep (property: offer at a price) (房产)给…标价为The real estate agent listed the house for $150,000.房地产经纪人给那栋房子标价15万美元。list [sth] vtr (make a list)列出List the items that you want me to buy.listen to [sth/sb] vi + prep (actively hear)用心听，认真听；留神听Please be quiet; I am listening to the radio.请安静，我正在认真听收音机。listen for [sth/sb] vi + prep (try to hear)留心听着They listened for any sounds coming from the mine.他们留心听着任何从矿里传来的声音。listen to [sth] vi + prep (consider)考虑；听进去I would like them to listen to my proposal.我希望他们能考虑我的提案。listen to [sth/sb] vi + prep (pay attention)注意听；好好听Please listen to me carefully.请注意听我要说的话。listen closely to [sth/sb], listen to [sth/sb] closely v expr (be attentive)用心听；聚精会神地听The children listened closely to their grandfather's story.listen in on [sth/sb] v expr (listen without talking)倾听litho [sth] vtr (lithograph)用平版印刷litter [sth] vtr (throw trash)在…乱扔垃圾；乱丢垃圾于People who litter the pavement really make me angry.那些在人行道上乱扔垃圾的人真惹我生气。litter [sth] vtr (make a nest)给…铺窝；给…铺褥草Tom littered the guinea pigs with fresh bedding.汤姆用干净的草垫给豚鼠铺窝。litter [sth] vtr (clutter, cover)使凌乱；使乱七八糟Clothes and papers littered the floor of the office.衣服和文件散落在办公室的地板上，看起来很凌乱。live [sth] vtr (lead a certain life)过某种生活；以某种方式生活Many monks live a Spartan life.live [sth] vtr (experience)经历He still lives the war in his imagination.live [sth] vtr (way of life)以…方式生活；过着…的生活He lives a moral life, as he speaks a moral life.live and breathe [sth] v expr figurative (be passionately interested in [sth]) (比喻)将…视为生命When I was a teenager I lived and breathed ballet.Her boyfriend lives and breathes football; nothing else seems to interest him.live by [sth] vi + prep figurative (take as a rule for life)恪守；遵守Never give up is a good rule to live by if you hope to have success in life.live by [sth] vi + prep (use for survival)靠…为生live on [sth] alone v expr (have [sth] as only sustenance)仅靠…维生Man cannot live on bread alone.live with [sth] vi + prep (accept or endure: [sth]) (多指不佳的境遇等)接受，忍受His disease is incurable - he'll just have to live with it.live without [sth/sb] vi + prep (be deprived of: [sth] or [sb])没有…，离开…load [sth] vtr (fill)装载；填装The men loaded the truck and then drove away.工人们将货物装进卡车，开走了。load [sth] onto [sth], load [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (put: [sth] to be transported)把…装载到…上They loaded the goods into the delivery truck.他们把货物装载到货运卡车上。load [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (fill with [sth])用…把…装满；把…填满We loaded the wheelbarrow with bricks.我们用砖头把手推车装满了。load [sb] with [sth] vtr figurative (burden)使负担；使承担The managers loaded his employees with projects.load [sth] with [sth] vtr (supply in abundance)使长满；使结满The spring rains loaded the trees with fruit.load [sth] vtr (data, software, etc.: transfer) (数据等)加载；读取I get an error message when I try to load the page.You need to start by loading the software.load [sb/sth] down with [sth], load down [sb/sth] with [sth] v expr often passive (make carry [sth] heavy) (通常指重物)使承担；使负担Lucy loaded her husband down with suitcases.load [sb] down with [sth] v expr figurative, often passive (burden with problems, work, etc.)加以...的重负，加以...的重压；使...的负担过重The manager loaded the staff down with work.load [sth] up with [sth] v expr (fill with [sth] to be transported)向...上装载...；往...装...I loaded up the shopping cart with groceries.be loaded with [sth] prep (laden with, full of)载满；装满The truck was loaded with trash.loaf [sth] away, loaf away [sth] vtr + adv (be idle, waste time)混（日子）；虚度（光阴）Rachel loafed her whole weekend away.loam [sth] vtr (apply loam to)用壤土填loan [sb] [sth], loan [sth] to [sb] v expr (lend money) (金钱)借钱给，借款给，贷款给I hope that the bank will loan me the money.我希望银行贷款给我。loan [sb] [sth], loan [sth] to [sb] v expr (lend [sth])把…借给She loaned me her car for the day.她把她的汽车借给我用一天。be loath to do [sth], be loth to do [sth] v expr (be unwilling, reluctant)不乐意做某事；不情愿做某事loathe [sth/sb] vtr (hate)厌恶；憎恶；极不喜欢Ben loathed his job, so he quit.本厌恶自己的工作，所以辞职了。lob [sth] vtr informal (throw) (非正式用语)扔As the clock expired, the quarterback lobbed the ball to the back of the end zone.lob [sth] vtr (tennis ball: hit high) (网球)吊高球The player lobbed the ball over his opponent's head.localize [sth], also UK: localise [sth] vtr (narrow [sth] to a particular area)将…局限在某一具体区域；使局部化；使本地化The carpenter localized his source materials by only purchasing wood from the surrounding areas.localize [sth], also UK: localise [sth] vtr (make local)使本地化；本地化Hopefully this medication will help localize the infection to this area.locate [sth/sb] vtr (find)找到；找出…的准确位置Paul couldn't locate the city on the map.保罗不能在地图上找到这座城市。locate [sth/sb] vtr often passive (put, place)把…安置在；使…坐落于The factory was located outside the city.工厂位于城外。lock [sth] vtr (secure with key, etc.)锁；锁上Lock the door behind you.随手把门锁上。lock [sth] vtr (mechanism: stop from moving) (机械装置)锁定…，使…固定This device locks the steering wheel to prevent theft.这种装置能够锁定方向盘，避免盗窃。lock [sth] vtr (shut in securely)把…锁起来；关起来She locked the dog in his kennel.lock [sth] vtr (immobilize)锁住；用锁拴住；固定住She locked the box in place in the back of the truck.lock [sth] vtr (interlink, join)使...相连；使...相互联结The protesters locked arms to keep the police from removing them.lock [sb/sth] in vtr + adv (prevent from leaving)将…锁起来The police officer threw the two men in a cell and locked them in.lock [sb] out of [sth] v expr (out of a room, building)把…锁在…外面；把…关在…外面Dennis kept coming home late, so Sheila locked him out of the house to teach him a lesson.丹尼斯总是很晚才回家，所以希拉把他锁在门外，给他一个教训。lock [sb] out of [sth] v expr (computing: prevent access)把…锁定在…之外The system will lock you out of the site if you answer the security questions incorrectly.如你无法正确回答安全问题，系统将拒绝你再次访问网站。in lockstep with [sb/sth] expr (at the same rate as)与...一致, 与...同步lodge [sth] vtr (stick in place)把…射入；用...击中James lodged the hatchet in the stump.詹姆士将手斧扎在树桩里。lodge [sth] vtr (register complaint, appeal)正式提出；提交Tina lodged a complaint with the human resources department.lodge [sth] vtr (flatten) (风雨等)使（庄稼）倒伏The thunderstorms lodged the corn crops.loft [sth] vtr (throw high)把…往高处抛；高掷Gary lofted the ball into the goal.loft [sth] vtr (shipbuilding) (造船业)给（船体等）的图纸放样Richard lofted the hull of the ship.log [sth] vtr (cut trees from: specified land)采伐；砍伐The company is planning to log this forest.log [sth] vtr (record: data)记录；把…记录下来；把…记入日志Don't forget to log the flight in the book.log [sth] vtr (spend time doing) (时间等)使用, 花费The athlete logged many hours at practice.log [sth] vtr (cover: distance)航行距离达到；行驶距离达到The cycling team logged seventy miles today.log [sth] vtr (trees: cut down for logs) (树木)伐，砍伐The men logging the trees wore protective helmets.long on [sth] adj informal (amply supplied) (非正式用语)大量供应的；充足的Yes, we are long on spaghetti here and won't need to get any more for weeks.long to do [sth] v expr (yearn)渴望；想要He longed to be back home with his family.I long to travel, but I don't have the money or the time to do so.long for [sth] vi + prep (desire)渴望；期待Snow White longed for the day that her prince would come.白雪公主渴望有一天自己的王子会来。long for [sb] to do [sth] v expr (wish [sb] would do [sth])希望某人做某事Miriam longed for Jake to take her in his arms and tell her he loved her.马丽娅姆希望杰克将她揽入怀中，然后告诉自己他爱着自己。longe [sth] (US), lunge [sth] (UK) vtr (horse: train using longe line) (驯马)用弓步线In order to ensure I had a safe ride, I first had to lunge my horse.为了保障骑行的安全，我首先要用弓步线驯马。look at [sb/sth] vi + prep (watch, direct attention to)看着；看向Look at me when I'm talking to you!The young woman was looking at a painting in the art gallery.我在跟你说的话的时候，请看着我！// 那位年轻女士正在画廊中欣赏绘画作品。look at [sth] vi + prep figurative (analyze)分析；了解The detective tried to look at all the facts.警探尝试了解所有事实。look at [sth] vi + prep figurative (examine, deal with)查看vi；检视This article looks at similarities in the work of these two philosophers.这篇文章检视了这两位哲学家作品上的相似之处。look to do [sth] v expr (seek, intend)想要；打算Richard was looking to find a job at the local factory.理查德想要在当地工厂找到一份工作。look to [sth] vi + prep figurative (pay attention to)期盼；展望Ben decided that the past was behind him and that it was time to look to the future.本决定将过去抛诸脑后，是时候展望未来了。look in [sth], look into [sth] vi + prep (see inside [sth])往…里看, 向…里看Frank looked in the fridge to see if there was any milk.弗兰克往冰箱里看，想知道还有没有牛奶。look around [sth], also UK: look round [sth] vi + prep (inspect)检查Safety inspectors will be looking around the factory today.今天安全检查人员会来视察工厂。look askance at [sb/sth], look at [sb/sth] askance v expr (glance sidelong)斜眼看；怀疑地看look askance at [sb/sth], look at [sb/sth] askance v expr figurative (regard with disapproval, suspicion)蔑视；看不惯Fancy restaurants look askance at shorts and sneakers.look carefully at [sth] vtr (examine closely)仔细查看；仔细检查One should always look carefully at a document before signing it.look closely at [sth] v expr (examine [sth])仔细查看；认真检查She looked closely at the gravestone and could just make out the faded inscription.look down on [sb/sth], look down upon [sb/sth] v expr (observe from high up)俯视；俯瞰From the top of the tower you can look down upon the whole city.从山顶上看，你可以俯瞰整个城市。look down your nose at [sb/sth] expr figurative (think yourself superior)看不起；轻视look like [sb/sth] vi + prep (resemble)看起来像；长得像This table looks like the one we have at home.Lucy looks like her aunt.这张桌子看起来像我们家的那张。 // 露西长得像她的姑姑。look like [sth] vi + prep informal (indicate) (非正式用语)似乎，预示着要It's beginning to look like rain.看起来似乎要下雨。look on [sth], look out on [sth] vi + prep (have a view)看得见；望得见The window looks on the meadow.从这扇窗可以看见草地。look over [sth], look [sth] over vtr + adv (inspect thoroughly)仔细检查The inspector looked over the restaurant for code violations.检查员仔细查看餐馆，确定其是否有违规行为。look to [sb] for [sth] v expr (turn for guidance)指望；依靠Children look to their parents for guidance.孩子们指望父母的指导。look to do [sth] v expr informal (intend, seek)盼望；想要I'm not looking to buy a set of encyclopedias right now.我现在并不想要一整套的百科全书。look toward [sb/sth], look towards [sb/sth] vi + prep (look in direction of [sb/sth])看向；向...看去looked upon with [sth] expr (regarded in a particular way)以…的眼光看待，以…的方式看待Your work is likely to be looked upon with favor by the doctoral dissertation committee.looked upon as [sth] expr (regarded as)被认为是；被看作是looked upon as being [sth] expr (regarded as being)被认为是；被看作是loom over [sb/sth] vi (look big, intimidating) (令人恐怖的事物)赫然出现，隐约显现The bully loomed over his victim and demanded his lunch money.小恶霸赫然出现在受害者面前，要后者交出午餐钱。loom over [sth/sb] vi + prep figurative (appear imminent) (危险、灾祸)可能发生，逼近，笼罩With the possibility of losing his job looming over him, Ken started working on his CV.失业的危险笼罩着肯，让他开始改善自己的简历。loop [sth] vtr (tie: a belt)把…从绳圈中穿过；把…从裤耳中穿过Erin looped the belt around her waist.艾琳将皮带串在裤子的皮带环中。loose [sth] vtr (set free)释放...The man loosed his dogs on the intruder.那人放狗去咬擅闯入他家的人。loose [sth] vtr (untie)松开...The hero loosed the hostages' bonds and led them to safety.那位英雄为人质松了绑，带人质到达了安全的地方。loose [sth] vtr (shoot: an arrow)射出；发射Paris loosed the arrow that killed the mighty Achilles.loosen [sth] vtr (make less tight)放松；松开Matt loosened his grip on the rope.马特松开了抓住绳子的手。loosen [sth] vtr (less tight: rope) (绳子等)松开，解开Tom loosened the rope that was tied to the tree.汤姆解开了绑在树上的绳子。loosen [sth] vtr (rules: less strict) (限制、规则等)放宽，放松The government passed a law that loosened restrictions on imported goods.政府通过了一项法律，放宽了对进口货物的限制。loot [sth] vtr (steal, rob)抢劫；洗劫；掠夺The army looted the city.部队洗劫了这座城市。loot [sth] vtr informal, figurative (steal, rob) (比喻，非正式用语)抢劫，洗劫，掠夺The company looted its employees' pension funds.lop [sth] off [sth] vtr (cut, sever)将...从...砍去；将...从...砍掉；将...从...上剪掉The lumberjack lopped a few branches off the tree.lord of [sth] n figurative (ruler) (比喻)巨头，巨子，大师，泰斗；君主，君王；领主，地主，庄园主The duke was lord over the entire region.lose [sth] vtr (misplace)遗失；丢失He lost his keys.他把钥匙丢了。lose [sth] vtr (fail to win)输掉；未能赢得；在...中失败They knew that they were going to lose the game.That party lost the last election.The athlete lost the race.他们知道自己会输掉这场比赛。那个党派在最近的选举中失败了。那位运动员未能取得田径胜利。lose [sth] vtr (be deprived of: privilege, right)丧失、失去（…的权利）They lost their right to use the library because they were so loud.他们太过吵闹，丧失了使用图书馆的权利。lose [sb] [sth] vtr (cause the loss of)使某人损失某物；使某人失去某物His lack of punctuality lost him his job.他的不守时使他失去了工作。lose [sth] vtr (fail to keep: money)亏损；入不敷出We lost a thousand dollars in the stock market.我们在股市中亏损了一千美金。lose [sth] vtr figurative, informal (forget) (非正式用语)忘记；忘掉What was her name? I've lost it for the moment.lose [sth] vtr (waste)浪费；损失If you don't act now, you'll be losing a great opportunity.lose [sth] vtr (clock: be slow by) (时间)慢It's a lovely antique clock, but it loses about ten minutes per week.lose [sth] vtr slang, figurative (get rid of) (俚语)丢掉；丢弃You'd better lose that attitude.lose control of [sth/sb] v expr (no longer have authority)失去对…的控制，失去对…的掌控The Republicans lost control of the U.S. Senate.lose control of [sth/sb] v expr (no longer be in command)对..失去控制；失控He was so frightened, he lost control of his bladder.lose interest in [sth/sb] v expr (become apathetic about)对…丧失兴趣；对…不再关注I've lost interest in politics; I really don't care who wins or loses.lose interest in [sth] v expr (no longer like, enjoy)对…不再有兴趣；不再喜欢After I nearly drowned, I lost interest in swimming.Timmy lost interest in the toy after taking it away from his baby sister.lose sight of [sth/sb] v expr (no longer see)看不见；不再看见We lost sight of that boat when it went around the bend in the river.lose sight of [sth] v expr figurative (no longer be focused on)忘记；忽略When I lose sight of my goal, I waste time and accomplish nothing.lose the opportunity, lose the opportunity to do [sth], lose the opportunity of doing [sth] v expr (miss the chance: to do [sth])失去...的机会If you ever have the chance to visit Buckingham Palace, you should not lose the opportunity of doing so. Join the queue or you will lose the opportunity to get her autograph.lose touch with [sth] v expr figurative, informal (not keep up to date with [sth]) (非正式用语)脱离；不了解Critics have accused the leader of losing touch with the mood of the public.lose track of [sth] v expr (not keep up to date with [sth])没有跟上…的进展I was late because I lost track of time.；lose yourself in [sth] vtr figurative (become deeply absorbed in) (比喻)陷入, 深陷Why not lose yourself in a book for a few hours to take your mind off things?lost in [sth] adj + prep figurative (engrossed: in [sth])沉浸在…中的；全神贯注在...中的He was lost in his book.他完全沉浸在自己的书中。be lost on [sb/sth] v expr (not be understandable by [sb/sth])使...无法理解；让...不明白The teacher did his best, but it was clear that his explanations were lost on the class.be lost to [sb/sth] v expr (not be available to [sb/sth])让...失去；导致...失去Alas, the opportunity of seeing that beautiful building was lost to us when it burned down.be lost to [sb/sth] v expr figurative (beyond reach)不再属于…的She used to be a committed Christian, but now she is lost to the Church.她曾经是一位虔心的基督徒，但现在她已不再属于教会。be lost to [sb/sth] v expr (be insensible to)失去；丧失；不顾忌His grief for his fallen comrades was so strong that the soldier was lost to all sense of duty.a lot of [sth] expr informal (many, much)大量的；很多的There were a lot of children in the swimming pool.The dogs are making a lot of noise.游泳池里有许多孩子。// 狗汪汪乱叫，很吵。lots of [sth] expr informal (large quantity)很多；许多；大量There are lots of people in there.那里有许多人。lot [sth] vtr (divide into lots) (土地)把…分块，把…划分成块lot [sth] vtr rare (allot)分配louden [sth] vtr (make louder)把...调响，使...变得更响louse [sth/sb] vtr archaic (pick out lice from)为…捉虱子；给…除虱子The chimpanzee loused its companion.lousy at [sth], lousy with [sth] adj + prep figurative, informal (incompetent)不熟练的，蹩脚的，差劲的，烂的Brad was lousy at driving and tried to avoid doing it.布拉德车技很烂，所以尽量避免开车。lousy with [sth] adj + prep figurative, informal (having in abundance)满是…的；有太多…的In July, our little village is lousy with tourists.七月，我们的小村子里到处都是游客。love [sth] vtr (like strongly)爱，热爱，爱好，喜爱I love basketball.我爱打篮球。love doing [sth], love to do [sth] v expr (activity: enjoy)喜爱做某事；爱做某事I love jogging in the park when the weather is warm.天气暖和的时候，我喜欢在公园里慢跑。love of [sth], love for [sth] n (strong liking)对…的钟爱；对…的热爱His love for basketball was apparent to everybody.他对篮球的迷恋人人皆知。love letter to [sth] n figurative (expression of affection)情话，表白The movie is his love letter to the city of Rome.be low on [sth] v expr (lacking in [sth])缺少, 缺乏；...不够We are low on toilet paper.low-rate [sb/sth] vtr (not value highly)对…评价不高，贬低lowball [sth] vtr US, informal (give deceptively low quote for)虚报低价the lowdown on [sth], also UK: the low-down on [sth] n informal (current information)最新消息；内幕Here's the low-down on our upcoming merger.lower [sth] vtr (take down)放下；拿下；取下He lowered the box from the shelf.他把盒子从架子上拿了下来。lower [sth] vtr (reduce)降低；减低The store lowers prices for sales.商店在降价销售。lower [sth] vtr (volume: reduce) (音量等)减弱，放低Please lower the volume on the radio!把收音机的音量开小点！lower [sth] vtr (downgrade)降低…的级别；给...降级The weather forecaster lowered the prediction from a storm to a gale.lower [sth] vtr figurative (diminish, lessen)减少；减弱；降低You should lower your expectations, based on your lack of success so far.lower [sth] vtr figurative (emotional tone)降低；减弱You should lower the emotional level in this piece of writing.lower [sth] vtr (flatten: musical pitch) (音高)降低You can lower the pitch by making the guitar strings looser.lower yourself by doing [sth] vtr + refl (do [sth] undignified)屈尊降贵；自降身份Don't lower yourself by responding to his insults.lower yourself by doing [sth] vtr + refl (humble yourself)做某事是自贬身份The Duchess lowered herself by marrying a commoner.lowercase [sth] (US), lower-case [sth] (UK) vtr (write or print in lowercase letters)用小写字母书写或印刷When using letters for this outline, please make sure to lowercase them.lube [sth] vtr informal (apply sexual lubricant to) (指性方面)给某物润滑Bethan likes to lube her sex toys.lube [sth] vtr informal (oil, grease: a machine) (指机器、车辆)给…加润滑剂The mechanic lubed the bike chain, then wiped off the excess with a towel.lube [sth] vtr informal (lubricate, make slippery) (非正式用语， lubricate的缩略形式)润滑，使润滑Janice lubed her finger in an attempt to remove her ring.lube [sth] up, lube up [sth] vtr + adv informal (oil, grease: a machine) (机器)给…上油lubricate [sth] vtr (oil or grease: a machine)加油润滑于You must lubricate your car's engine for optimal performance.lubricate [sth] vtr (body part: make slippery) (指皮肤)润泽In winter, it's important to lubricate your dry hands.lug [sth] vtr (carry [sth] heavy)用力搬，用力扛；使劲拉Dan lugged his heavy backpack with him wherever he went.lug [sth] vtr figurative (bring [sth] up) (谈话)把…硬扯进来Fred was very self-important and had to lug his own problems into every conversation.lull [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep (mislead into feeling safe)使某人放松警惕进入某种状态Three days of blue sky had lulled us into a false sense of security; we weren't prepared for yesterday's heavy rain.三天蔚蓝的晴空让我们放松警惕，陷入一种虚假的安全感中，对昨天的暴雨毫无防备。lull in [sth] n (calmer time)平静时期；暂时的平静时刻There was a brief lull in the fighting, but soon the ceasefire broke.战斗中有一段短暂的平静时期，但很快停战期就被打破。lullaby [sb/sth] vtr (soothe with song)给…哼摇篮曲David put the baby in his crib and lullabied him to sleep.lumber [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep UK (burden with something unpleasant)使陷入；使困扰As usual, they lumbered me with the task of organizing everything.lumber [sth] vtr (harvest lumber)在…伐木；伐（树）The company lumbered about a thousand acres last year.lump [sth/sb] with [sth/sb], lump [sth/sb] in with [sth/sb] v expr (group together)将…与…归并到一起Don't lump all young people in with the ones who cause trouble.别将所有年轻人与那些惹麻烦的家伙归并到一起。lump together [sth/sb] and [sth/sb], lump [sth/sb] and [sth/sb] together vtr + adv (group together)把…与…归并在一起；把…与…混为一谈The politician's remarks lumped his rival and various criminal enterprises together unrealistically.lump [sth/sb] together with [sth/sb] v expr (group together with)把...和...归并在一起lunge at [sb/sth] vi + prep (jump toward)向…冲；向…扑过去The mugger lunged at Heather and stole her purse.lure [sb/sth] vtr (entice, tempt)引诱, 勾引, 诱惑The smell of cooking meat lured the wild animals.烤肉的香气引来了野生动物。lure [sb/sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (entice into)引诱...进入；诱导...步入The police lured the criminal into a trap.警方将罪犯引入了陷阱。lure [sb/sth] into doing [sth] v expr (entice into doing)引诱某人做某事；诱惑某人做某事The interviewer tried to lure the politician into admitting that he had made a mistake.采访者想套那位政客的话，让他承认自己犯了错。lust for [sth] n figurative (desire) (比喻)欲望，渴望；贪欲，不良欲望A lust for money has led many men to crime.对金钱的贪欲导致很多人犯罪。lust after [sth], lust for [sth] vi + prep figurative (want)渴盼；渴望获得Tania is lusting after a new smartphone.lute [sth] vtr (music: play on a lute) (音乐)用琵琶演奏The skilled musician can lute both medieval and modern songs on request.luv [sb/sth] vtr written, slang (love) (俚语)宝贝；亲爱的Maja texted her boyfriend: "luv u".luxuriate in [sth] vi + prep (revel, bask)尽情享受After a long day at work, Martha luxuriated in a warm bath.take [sth] lying down adj informal, figurative (not resisting or fighting back) (非正式用语)不作抵抗, 不作反击； (俚语, 比喻)躺平接受The worker refused to take his dismissal lying down, vowing to take his employer to court.macadamize [sth], also UK: macadamise [sth] vtr (surface [sth] with tarmac)用碎石铺macerate [sth] vtr (soften in liquid)泡软；浸软MacGyver [sth] vtr US, informal (fix or build with what's available)多面手；通才machine [sth] vtr (manufacture)用机器生产；用机器加工Fred machined the parts very carefully.弗雷德非常仔细地用机器加工零件。macrame [sth], macramé [sth] vtr (produce [sth] by knotwork)编织...maculate [sth] vtr literary (mark with spots, stain)使沾上污点；弄污have [sth] made for [sb/sth] v expr (request special creation)为…特别制作的She had a gown made for the gala.be made for [sth/sb] v expr informal, figurative (be ideally suited to)非常适合；为...准备的This job matches your qualifications and experience perfectly; it's made for you!made up of [sth] expr (comprising)由…组成A computer is made up of many high-tech components.一台电脑是由许多高科技组件组成的。made up about [sth], made up with [sth] expr UK, regional, informal (pleased)为…高兴；因为…开心I'm made up about my new car!我因为有了新车开心。magnetize [sth], also UK: magnetise [sth] vtr (make [sth] magnetic)使磁化，使具有磁性magnify [sth] vtr (make appear larger)放大Binoculars magnify images.望远镜能放大图像。magnify [sth] vtr figurative (exaggerate importance of)放大；增加This challenging task magnifies your difficulties.这份极具挑战性的工作让你难上加难。magnify [sth] vtr figurative (enlarge)扩大；放大By carrying on, you're just magnifying the problem.继续这么做只会让问题恶化。mail [sth] vtr mainly US, uncountable (send by post)寄邮件；寄信I'm going to mail a letter today.我今天要寄信。mail [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep informal (send by e-mail)把…用电子邮件发送给Please mail the file to me.请把文件用电子邮件发给我。mail [sb] [sth] vtr informal (send an e-mail to)把…通过电子邮件发送给Can you mail me the details?你能把详情通过电子邮件发送给我吗？mainline [sth] vtr slang (drug: inject into a vein) (俚语，指毒品)把…注射入静脉mainstream [sth] vtr (bring into the mainstream)使...融入主流maintain [sth] vtr (rate) (速度)保持He maintained a rate of 40 pages per hour.他保持每小时40页的速度。maintain [sth] vtr (machine: keep working) (机器等)维修, 保养The mechanic maintained all the vehicles in the fleet.修理工对车队所有车辆进行了维修。maintain [sth], maintain that vtr (say is true)坚持；坚称He maintained that the shooter was wearing a black sweater.他坚称枪手穿着一件黑毛衣。maintain [sb/sth] vtr (support)供养He maintained a large family on his salary.他靠着自己的薪水供养着一大家子人。maintain [sth] vtr (continue)继续We must maintain the strike because we can win.罢工必须继续下去，我们能赢。major in [sth] vi + prep US (study as main subject) (学科、专业等)主修She is majoring in physics.她主修物理。make [sth] vtr (construct)造；制作；做The children made houses with blocks.孩子们用积木造了房子。make [sth] vtr (manufacture)加工；制作That factory makes bolts.该厂生产螺栓。make [sth] vtr (fashion)制作；创作；做成The weavers made a hat from palm fronds.织工用棕榈叶织成了一顶帽子。make [sth] vtr (prepare)制作；做（食物）My mother wants to make a cake for my party.我妈妈想给我的聚会做个蛋糕。make [sth] vtr (create, cause)制造；引起；产生The dogs made a commotion in the street.几条狗在街上闹起来了。make [sb] do [sth] v expr (compel)迫使；强迫My parents make me eat vegetables.我父母强迫我吃蔬菜。make [sb] do [sth], make [sth] do [sth] vtr (cause to)导致某人做某事；使某人做某事He never fails to make me laugh.他总是让我开怀大笑。make [sb] [sth] vtr (+ adj: cause to be)使某人怎么样You make me happy.你使我快乐。make [sth] vtr (bring into existence)造出；创造出Let's make a baby!make [sth] vtr (take: a decision, choice) (决定等)做出It's a difficult choice, but someone has to make it.这是个艰难的抉择，但必须有人来做。make [sth] vtr (utter) (演讲)发表The politician made an impassioned plea for change.My colleague is always making unpleasant remarks.make [sth] vtr (enter into: agreement, deal)缔结；签订；订立The parties involved made an agreement.make [sth] vtr (fix: date, appointment)约定；敲定Please call first to make an appointment.make [sth] vtr (train, plane: reach in time) (火车等)赶上I have to run if I want to make my train.make [sth] vtr (put down: a payment)支付；为...付款Adam makes a payment on his car each month.make [sth] vtr (bed: make tidy) (床铺)铺, 整理The girls must make their beds every morning.make [sth] vtr (establish: name) (名声)赢得, 闯出Bill is trying to make a name for himself in the business.make [sth] vtr (appoint)指派；任命The president is going to make Chris a vice-president.make [sth] vtr (achieve, reach)达成；达到The sales team hopes to make its numbers this month.make [sth] vtr (establish, set)制定；订立Legislatures make laws.make [sth] vtr (commit: a mistake, etc.) (错误)犯I made a mistake when I spent that money.make [sth] vtr (attain: position, rank)成为；担任Francis is trying to make Captain.make [sth] vtr informal (earn acceptance into) (非正式用语)成为…的一员；进入；获选Only half of people at tryouts made the team.make [sth] of [sth] v expr (interpret)理解；诠释I don't know what to make of his actions. What do you make of this car?我不知道该怎么理解他的行为。你觉得这辆车怎么样？make [sth] vtr (equal)等于；是…的总和Two and two makes four.make [sth] vtr (be the essence of)算是；算得上What makes a good writer?make [sth] vtr (reach, form) (结论、决定等)做出, 下Leanne is always quick to make judgments.make [sth] vtr (arrive at)到达；抵达The ship made port early in the morning.make [sth] vtr informal (appear on) (非正式用语)出现在...上The disaster made the evening news.make for [sth] vi + prep (move towards)前往；前进The fleet made for port.make [sth] vtr (score: a goal, etc.) (分数、进球等)获得The player made a goal in the second period.make [sth] vtr informal (manage to attend)赶上（会议等）Sorry I couldn't make yesterday's meeting.抱歉，我没能赶上昨天的会议。make [sth] vtr (earn)赚（钱）；挣得Jeff makes $80,000 a year.杰夫每年挣80000美元。make a beeline for [sth] v expr informal (head directly towards)直奔；径直扑向Whenever I'm in a candy store I make a beeline for the chocolates.make a bet on [sth] v expr (wager, gamble)打赌Do you want to make a bet on this fight?make a bid for [sth] v expr (offer to buy [sth])投标I made a bid on the stuffed moose in the auction and ended up winning it.make a botch of [sth] v expr informal (do [sth] poorly) (非正式用语)把…办砸了；把…搞得一团糟Tom made a botch of the project and had to start over from scratch.make a break for [sth] v expr informal (run towards)向…逃窜Six monkeys jumped the electric fence and made a break for freedom.make a dent in [sth], put a dent in [sth] v expr (metal: leave an indentation)在…上砸出小坑The hailstones made dents in the roof of the car.make a dent in [sth], put a dent in [sth] v expr figurative, informal (reduce noticeably)使…明显减少Paying for a new roof has really made a dent in my savings.Despite all the interruptions, I managed to make a dent in the work.make a fuss over [sb/sth] (US), make a fuss of [sb/sth] (UK) v expr informal (pay a lot of attention to)注意；关注The boss brought his dog to work yesterday and everyone made a fuss of it.昨天老板带着他的狗来上班，引起了所有人的注意。make a fuss over [sth/sb] v expr informal (show great admiration for)对…赞不绝口Nina got engaged yesterday! All the women in the office were making a fuss over her ring.妮娜昨天订婚了！办公室里所有的女人都对她的戒指羡慕不已。make a good job of [sth] v expr informal (do [sth] well) (非正式用语)做得好，在…方面干得不错Tim made a good job of painting the house.make a hole in [sth] v expr (puncture)在…捅个洞；在…戳个洞It was a piece of glass that made the hole in your tyre.make a mark on [sth] v expr (write, draw or paint)在…上留下记号；在…上作标记He made a mark on the pavement to show where to turn.make a mark on [sth/sb] v expr figurative (have an impact)给…留下深远影响Dick Button made his mark on figure skating when he performed the first double axel jump.make a mess of [sth] v expr (make [sth] disordered or dirty)搞脏；弄乱Don't make a mess of my nice clean living room.make a mess of [sth] v expr (get [sth] wrong)搞砸；搞坏The new guy has made a mess of this project; I'm going to have to redo it all.make a noise about [sth] v expr figurative, informal (call attention to [sth])指出，提出；为...发声make a noise about [sth] v expr figurative, informal (complain about [sth])抱怨；申诉make a note of [sth] v expr (write [sth] down)记录；记笔记make a note of [sth] v expr figurative (commit [sth] to memory)记住；记下来make a point of [sth] v expr (emphasize)强调This chef makes a point of cooking with locally sourced ingredients.这位厨师特别注重使用当地的食材烹饪。make a point of doing [sth] v expr (insist on doing)坚持做；总是做I make a point of donating to a charity every Christmas.每年圣诞节我都会向慈善机构捐款。make a practice of doing [sth] v expr (be in the habit of)常常Most doctors do not make a practice of calling on patients in their homes.make a song and dance about [sth] v expr informal, figurative (make a fuss)对…大惊小怪，对…小题大做Stop making such a song and dance about it! It's not that big a deal.make a visit to [sb/sth] v expr informal (go to)访问My tooth hurts; I need to make a visit to the dentist.make allowances for [sth], make allowance for [sth] v expr (take [sth] into account)顾虑到；体谅到You have to make allowances for the fact that he's only just learning.make amends for [sth] v expr (compensate for [sth])补偿；弥补Henry wanted to make amends for his rude behaviour towards James.make an exception for [sb/sth] v expr (exempt [sb] from [sth])为…破例We don't usually allow students to take holidays during term, but we'll make an exception for your daughter, as she's such a good student.make an issue of [sth] v expr (present [sth] as problem)小题大做；制造争端make [sth] apparent v expr (show, clarify)明确；阐明The new study made it apparent that we need to focus more on preventing eating disorders.make arrangements for [sb/sth] to do [sth] v expr (organize for [sth] to happen)安排…做I have made arrangements for a taxi to pick you up from the airport.make as if to do [sth], make as though to do [sth] v expr informal (pretend, feint)假装做某事；佯装做某事He made as if to throw the ball, but he actually ran with it instead.make [sb] aware of [sth] vtr + adj (bring [sth] to [sb]'s attention)让...注意到；让某人认识到某事I don't know how to make him aware of how much he is hurting her feelings.make away with [sth] v expr colloquial (steal) (偷盗物、抢夺物)携…潜逃make [sth/sb] better vtr + adj (heal)治愈；治好Let me rub your aching back and make it better.make [sth/sb] better vtr + adj (improve)改善；改进；改良make [sth] clear vtr + adj (explain, state [sth] clearly)澄清；将...解释清楚I have made my position clear: I will not support this proposal.make [sth] clear to [sb] v expr (explain or clarify [sth] to [sb])向某人解释某事；向某人澄清某事The doctor made the seriousness of the condition clear to her patient.医生向病人讲明了病情的严重性。make do with [sth/sb] v expr informal (content oneself with)用…凑合The shop had sold out of chocolate ice-cream, so Sally had to make do with vanilla instead.make do with [sth] v expr (do [sth] using limited resources)拿…凑合着对付过去You'll have to make do with what you can carry with you.make [sth] easier vtr + adj (cause to be less difficult)变得简单；使...更容易make fun of [sb/sth] v expr informal (mock, ridicule)取笑；开…的玩笑The comedian tried to make fun of the man wearing glasses.make good [sth] vtr + adj (compensate for)补偿；弥补make good for [sth] v expr (compensate [sb] for [sth])补偿；赔偿The driver should make good for the damage he has caused to the other vehicle.make good on [sth] v expr (debt: repay) (指债务)偿还，支付make good on [sth] v expr (keep a promise)履行；实现（承诺等）make good use of [sth] v expr (utilize fully or effectively)充分利用He made good use of the time he was allotted.make heads or tails of [sth] (US), make head or tail of [sth], make head nor tail of [sth] (UK) v expr (understand [sth])把…搞清楚；把…弄明白备注: Usually in the negative.make heavy weather of [sth], make heavy weather with [sth] v expr informal (make [sth] needlessly laborious)对...小题大做；对...大惊小怪make [sth] innocuous vtr (render harmless or inoffensive)使…无伤大雅；使...无害Stella used nearly half a can of air freshener to make the stale smell innocuous.make [sth] into [sth] else v expr (transform [sth])把…做成…, 使…变成…She made her old pair of jeans into a new skirt.make [sth] known vtr (publicize, reveal)公布；公开I've always made my opinion known - it's no secret that I don't like him.make [sth] legal vtr (legalize, decriminalize)使..合法化Do you think marijuana should be made legal?make [sth/sb] less alarming vtr (lessen the shock of [sth])使…变得不太惊人The prime minister was accused of 'doctoring' crime figures to make them less alarming.make light of [sth] v expr (treat as unimportant)对...不重视；轻视Mick made light of the situation, and did not take offence at Jeff's rude remark.make like [sth] v expr (pretend to be)假装；假扮make [sth] louder vtr (sound: amplify)使…更响亮；使...声音更大You can make the music louder by turning this knob.make mention of [sth] v expr (allude to)提及；提到；暗示到The small print made mention of additional conditions.make [sth] milder vtr + adj (soften the effect or taste of [sth])使…变得温和Add coconut milk to curry to make it milder.make [sth] more attractive v expr (improve the appearance of [sth])使…看上更有吸引力I'm going to paint the outside of the house to make it more attractive to buyers.make [sth] more attractive v expr figurative (make more appealing) (比喻)使…更吸引人I'm going to offer a free car with the house to make it more attractive to buyers.make [sth] more difficult v expr (complicate [sth])使…复杂化Cluttered surfaces make cleaning difficult.make much of [sth/sb] v expr (place great importance on [sth/sb])重视Scientists are making much of this latest development.make much of [sb/sth] v expr (give a lot of attention)关注；注意The dog was thoroughly enjoying being made much of.make no bones about [sth] v expr figurative, informal (be forthright, direct)毫不掩饰，对…直言不讳The journalist made no bones about her dislike of politicians.make no bones about doing [sth] v expr figurative, informal (be forthright, direct in doing)毫不掩饰，直截了当Veronica made no bones about telling her boss exactly what she thought of him.make or break [sth] v expr informal (cause success, failure)要么成之，要么毁之That critic's reviews can make or break a new restaurant.make [sb/sth] out to be [sth] v expr (represent as)把…描绘成备注: Often refers to a false claim.The press are making him out to be the greatest singer since Elvis, but he's not that good.媒体将他描绘成自猫王以来最伟大的歌手，但他并没有那么好。make peace with [sth], make your peace with [sth] v expr (accept [sth])接受..., 接纳...make [sth] plain v expr (with object: make obvious)让...显而易见make [sth] possible vtr (facilitate)促成；帮助实现An unexpected lottery win made our dream trip possible.This program was made possible by a grant from the XYZ Foundation.make provision for [sth] v expr (take preparatory measures for)为...预先准备We need to make provision for bad debts, in case people don't pay their bills.make provision for [sth] v expr (supply what is needed by)为...提供所需make ready to do [sth] v expr (prepare for action)做好准备Miranda made ready to set out on her journey.make [sth/sb] ready vtr + adj (prepare)为...做好准备George made himself ready for the interview.make reference to [sth/sb] v expr (mention, allude to)提到；提及During his speech he made reference to his family.make [sb] responsible for [sth] v expr (put [sb] in charge of [sth])使某人对某事负责He was promoted at work and made responsible for the new export business.make [sth] right vtr (correct, make amends for)纠正You're going to have to find a way to make right your past behaviour.make [sb] see [sth] v expr (help [sb] understand)让某人明白某事I wish I could make him see how much I love him.make sense of [sth] v expr (work out meaning of)了解，弄明白；理解The Egyptologist tried to make sense of the hieroglyphics.埃及学家试图理解象形文字。make short work of [sth] expr (do [sth] quickly)迅速完成，迅速做The project entailed a huge amount of translation, but Audrey made short work of it.make short work of [sth/sb] expr (deal with summarily)立即处理，立刻处理The professor made short work of her student's rather poor arguments.make so bold as to do [sth], be so bold as to do [sth] v expr formal (dare to do)敢于；擅自make sure of [sth] v expr (ensure it is so)确认；核实I think dinner is at six, but I'll phone Mary to make sure of it.我记得晚餐是六点开始，但我会打电话给玛丽确认一下。make sure to do [sth] v expr (ensure you do [sth])确保；务必Please make sure to lock all the windows and doors before you leave.在你离开前，请务必将门窗锁严。make the best of [sth] v expr (do what you can)充分利用Eric made the best of the limited time available to see as much of the town as he could.make the most of [sth] v expr (take full advantage of)充分利用；尽可能地利用We made the most of our vacation by leaving our phones and computers turned off.make the shape of [sth] v expr (form)变成…的形状The clouds made the shape of a crocodile.make time for [sb/sth] v expr (reserve time)腾出时间；弥补失去的时间My calendar is full, but I can make time for you.make [sth] to order v expr (create a custom product)定制, 定做Since he did not like the desks he found for sale, he had one made to order for his new office.make use of [sth] v expr (utilize)利用This stew makes use of all the leftovers in your refrigerator.make war on [sth] v expr (start a war against)发动战争make war on [sth] v expr figurative (fight strongly against)对...宣战make way for [sth/sb] v expr (clear a path for)为…让路The guards asked the crowd to back up to make way for the king.守卫向后驱赶人群，为国王让路。make with the [sth] v expr US, dated, slang (use, operate)使用；操作make [sth] worse vtr + adj (aggravate)使恶化；使变得更差I told him that scratching at the rash would only make it worse.make your mark on/in [sth] v expr (have an impact)成名；获得承认Peter Jackson has made his mark in the cinematic realm.make yourself do [sth] v expr (force yourself to do [sth])强迫自己做某事Jo made herself smile at the party so that nobody would know she felt sad.make yourself do [sth] v expr (cause yourself to do [sth])让自己做某事I say such silly things, I make myself laugh sometimes.malign [sb/sth] vtr (say bad things about)诽谤；中伤；诋毁Mrs. Smith maligned her husband during the divorce.在离婚办理期间，史密斯夫人诋毁了她丈夫。malt [sth] vtr (convert to malt)将...制成麦芽First we malt this barley and then we use it to make whiskey.首先，我们将这些大麦制成麦芽，然后制作威士忌。man [sth] vtr (staff)给…提供人手；给…配备人手My friends and I manned the booth at the fair.我和朋友在照应展销会上的这个摊点。man [sth] vtr (military: position) (军事)守卫They manned the barricades to stop the enemy breaking through.man [sth] vtr (serve at)在…岗位上服务；负责打理I manned the cash register while Steve poured the beer.manage [sth] vtr (organize)管理；掌管；处理She managed the network operations.她管理网络运营业务。manage [sb/sth] vtr (supervise)管理I manage a team of 5 editorial assistants.我管理着一个由5名编辑助理所组成的团队。manage [sth] vtr (control)控制；掌控How can one teacher manage a class of thirty-five children?一个班有35个孩子，一位老师怎么能管得住？manage [sth] vtr (task: be equal to) (任务)应付，胜任I don't need any help, thanks. I can manage this on my own.我不要帮助，谢谢。我可以靠自己应付。manage with [sth] vi + prep (use what is available)用…应付过去； (口语)用…凑合There isn't much food in the fridge, but we'll have to manage with what we've got.冰箱里没有多少食物了，不过我们得用有的东西凑合凑合。manage with [sth] vi + prep (cope)应付…Can you manage with all those boxes?你能应付得了那么多盒子吗？manage to do [sth] v expr (succeed in)设法做到The traffic was terrible today! I'm amazed I managed to get to work on time.他设法准时开始了工作。manage to do [sth] vi + prep ironic, informal (do [sth] clumsy) (常指动作笨拙而犯错)竟然做某事I managed to trip over my own feet and fall down the stairs.我竟然自己用脚绊了自己一跤，然后摔下了楼梯。manage [sth] vtr (handle: a tool or weapon)操纵；控制He manages the lathe very skilfully.manage [sth] vtr (be available on/at) (某一时间)…有空Lisa phoned; she can't manage 23 May, but she could meet you on 24. Can you manage 2pm?mandate [sb], mandate [sb] to do [sth] vtr (order)命令...做某事；指示...做某事The people mandated the government to restructure.人民要求政府进行重组。mandate [sth] vtr (require)需要The situation mandated some new creative solutions.这个情况需要创新的解决方式。mandate [sth] vtr (give land)把…委托给他国统治The British mandated Hong Kong back to China in 1997.maneuver [sth] (US), manoeuvre [sth] (UK) vtr (steer, drive)操控，驾驶Lily maneuvered the truck around the fallen tree.maneuver [sb/sth] (US), manoeuvre [sb/sth] (UK) vtr (manipulate [sb])操纵；操控The president maneuvered congress in order to pass the bill.mangle [sth] vtr (crush, twist)压碎；撕烂Upon crashing, the car mangled the driver's body.司机的身体在车祸中四分五裂。mangle [sth] vtr figurative (tune, song: perform badly) (歌曲表演等)演砸； (歌曲表演等)糟蹋We stopped inviting Bob to karaoke because he mangles every song.鲍勃会糟蹋掉每首歌，所以我们不再邀请他去唱卡拉OK了。mangle [sth] vtr figurative (words: pronounce badly) (因发音错误咬字不清等)使…无法听懂The missionaries mangled the local language.mangle [sth] vtr figurative (information, facts: confuse) (信息)使…有误，弄错，搞乱Cindy mangled the story when she tried to tell it to her friends.manhandle [sth] vtr (move by manual effort)人工处理；手动处理；人力处理We manhandled the piano up the five flights of stairs and into the tiny apartment.我们人力将钢琴搬上了五层楼，搬进了这间小公寓。manicure [sth] vtr (treat fingernails) (指甲)修整；打理Aren't you going to manicure your nails before you go out?你出门之前不打算打理一下自己的指甲吗？manicure [sth] vtr (lawn: trim, cut) (草坪)修剪，修整We had the lawn manicured by professionals.我们请了专业的人士修剪草坪。manifest [sth] vtr (display, show)表现出；显示He has always manifested a blatant disregard for authority.他总是表现出一副对权威的蔑视。manipulate [sth] vtr (operate, handle)操作；操控The device is difficult to manipulate with one hand.单手难以操作设备。manipulate [sth] vtr (falsify: data) (数据)篡改，伪造Authorities will determine if the data has been manipulated.数据究竟有没有被动过手脚会有权威机构来认定。manipulate [sth] vtr (massage, treat)按摩；推拿Tell me if it hurts when I manipulate your shoulder.在按摩肩膀时如果你感到疼就告诉我。manipulate [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (persuade to do)摆布某人做某事；操纵某人做某事The con man manipulated his victim into signing her house over to him.mansplain [sth] vtr informal (man: explain patronizingly to woman)针对...向女人说教mansplain [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep informal (man: explain patronizingly to woman)针对某物向某人说教the mantle of [sth] n figurative (responsibility, duty of) (比喻，尤指继承的)责任，衣钵John has passed the mantle of leadership to his assistant editor.约翰将自己的领导责任传给了他的助理编辑。mantle [sth] vtr (cover, conceal)覆盖；遮掩Fog mantled the mountain in the morning.manufacture [sth] vtr (create by machine) (用机器)批量制造，大量生产The plant manufactures car parts.这家工厂生产汽车零件。manufacture [sth] vtr (a lie)编造；捏造The criminal manufactured the whole story to mislead the police.整个故事都是那名罪犯为了误导警方而编造的。manumit [sth/sb] vtr (liberate, set free)解放；释放；给予...自由manure [sth] vtr (put waste or fertilizer on)给…施肥；在…上施肥Dan manured his garden.map [sth] vtr (draw up a topographical plan)绘制…的地形图The explorers were the first to map the interior of the continent.这些探险者是第一批绘制大陆内部地图的人。map to [sth] vi + prep (mathematics: mark out) (数学)映射到The variable x maps to y.变量 x 映射到 y。map [sth] vtr (draw up: a schematic plan)画出；绘制Let me map the development plan for you.map [sth] vtr (locate: a gene) (基因图谱)绘制They only mapped the genome of a fly a few years ago.mar [sth] vtr (spoil, impair)损害；弄坏；糟蹋mar [sth] vtr (disfigure, deface)污损；损害The accident marred the painting.maraud [sth] vtr (raid)抢劫；打劫；掠夺marble [sth] vtr (add pattern)使具有大理石花纹Delicious streaks of fat marbled the meat.可口的条状脂肪赋予了肉大理石一般的纹理。marbleize [sth], also UK: marbleise [sth] vtr (mottle [sth])使具有大理石花纹march on [sth] vi + prep (demonstration: to a place)在…游行示威The protesters will march on Downing Street this afternoon.margin, margin for [sth] n (leeway)余地The team is playing well, but there is still margin for improvement.球队表现的不错，但是依旧有提升的余地。margin [sth] vtr (add a margin)加页边The word processor automatically margins the page.marginalize [sth], also UK: marginalise [sth] vtr (push [sth] to the side)让...消声；使...边缘化The government attempted to marginalize criticism and restore public confidence.政府想消除批评的声音，恢复公信力。marinate [sth] vtr (steep before cooking)腌；腌制If you don't marinate the meat, it will come out flavorless.肉不腌就没味。marinate [sth] in [sth] vtr (steep in flavours before cooking)腌渍；浸泡Try marinating the meat in fish sauce for an exotic flavor.mark [sth] vtr (indicate)标志；标记Mark the text to be studied.把要学习的内容做上标记。mark [sth] vtr (scratch, mar)弄污，刮花； (伤痕等)使有斑点The cat marked the table leg with its claws.猫用爪子把桌子脚抓得伤痕累累。mark [sth] vtr (grade)给...打分；给...评分The teacher marked the students' essays with the scores they had earned.老师给学生的作文打出了应得的分数。mark [sth] vtr (be a notable characteristic of)作为…的标志, 是...的特征Violence marked each night of the war.mark [sth] (with [sth]) vtr (draw, write on)标记；给...做记号She marked her ballot paper with a cross.mark [sth] vtr (attach price tag, label)给…贴标签The store marked the goods on sale with red price tags.mark [sth] vtr formal (notice) (正式用语)注意到；察觉到He marked her displeasure and responded appropriately.mark [sth] vtr (be a sign of, signal)标志着…，是…的迹象，是…的征兆The country's first democratic election marks the start of a new era.mark as [sth] v expr (indicate to be)标记为Entries marked as "private" are not visible to other users.mark the beginning of [sth] v expr (be the start of [sth])标志着...的开始The lighting of the torch marks the beginning of the Olympic Games.mark the beginning of [sth] v expr (celebrate the start of [sth])庆祝...的开幕In the year 2000, there were celebrations around the world to mark the beginning of the new millennium.mark [sth] up vtr + adv US (scratch, mar)弄脏The children had marked up the walls with crayon.孩子们用蜡笔涂墙。marked by [sth] adj figurative (emotionally affected) (情感)受…影响的The boy was deeply marked by his pony's death, and it was a long time before he smiled again.market [sth] vtr (advertise, promote)推销；营销；兜售The company marketed their new brand of toothpaste.公司对外推销自己的新品牌牙膏。market [sth] vtr (put up for sale)销售；使上市；出售The coffee shop started marketing their special Christmas drinks in early November.market [sth] vtr (sell, trade in)在市场上买卖；交易They market video games.marl [sth] vtr (fertilize with marl)给...施泥灰土肥marriage of [sth] with [sth], marriage of [sth] and [sth] n figurative (union)…与…的结合，…与…的联合Our products are the perfect marriage of style and functionality.我们的产品是款式与实用性的完美结合。married with [sth], married to [sth] adj figurative (joined closely)紧密联合的In his view, technology should be married with pleasing design.在他看来，技术应该与优美的设计紧密联合。be married to [sth] adj figurative (be dedicated to [sth]: job, idea)献身于…的；投身于…的My boyfriend is married to his job, but I'm a workaholic as well!我男朋友将自己献身于工作，而我自己也是个工作狂！marshal [sth] vtr figurative (facts, thoughts: put in order)整理；梳理Marshal the facts to support your argument.梳理好事实来支持自己的论点。marshal [sb] to [sth] vtr (guide, usher)将...引领到；将...带领到We were marshalled to our seats by student volunteers.学生志愿者引我们上座。marshal [sth] vtr figurative (enlist, encourage)赢得…的支持We have to marshal enough support to pass the bill.marvel at [sth] vi + prep (be impressed)对...称奇；惊叹于I marvel at how you can remember all those facts!你能记住那么多知识，真让人啧啧称奇！marvel [sth], marvel that vtr (be impressed that)对…称奇；惊叹于He marveled that she could recite the entire play from memory.他惊叹于她能凭记忆背出整部戏。mash [sth] vtr (cooking) (烹饪)捣烂，捣碎，把…捣成糊状Karen mashed the potatoes in the pot.凯伦在锅里将土豆捣成糊。mash [sth] vtr (smash, crush)压碎；打碎Sarah had to go to the hospital after accidentally mashing her finger with a hammer.她的手指在事故中被锤子压碎，不得不进了医院。mask [sth] vtr (hide, conceal) (用面具)遮住，掩盖；掩盖，掩饰，遮掩； (图像、视频)打格子，打马赛克The tiger's camouflage masked it in the jungle.在丛林中，老虎的伪装色能将它掩盖起来。masquerade as [sb/sth] vi + prep figurative (person: pretend to be)假装是；伪装成The police officer masqueraded as a prostitute in order to arrest customers.警察为了抓捕嫖客而伪装成了一名妓女。masquerade as [sth] vi + prep (be disguised as [sth] else)伪装成We were served a meal of mutton masquerading as lamb.masses of [sth/sb] npl mainly UK, informal (great number, quantity of)大量的；大群的I can't come out tonight; I've got masses of homework.mass-produce [sth] vtr (manufacture in large amounts)大规模生产massacre [sth] vtr figurative, informal (song, tune: sing badly) (演出)彻底搞砸The band arrived drunk and massacred the performance.massage [sth/sb] vtr (rub: muscles, person)按摩；推拿Tom massaged his leg to get a cramp out.汤姆按摩着他的腿，想缓解抽筋。massage [sth] vtr figurative (manipulate: figures) (数据等)伪造；篡改The scientist massaged some statistics to help him get his work published.为了能发表自己的作品，那位科学家蓄意篡改研究数据。massage [sth] vtr figurative (flatter: [sb]'s ego)吹捧；奉承Walter massaged his boss's ego so that he would get a promotion.为了晋升，华尔特极力奉承自己的老板。master [sth] vtr (become an expert in)精通；掌握He mastered heart surgery in only 2 years.他两年时间就精通了心脏外科手术。master [sth] vtr figurative (control)控制；掌控If he wants to be taken seriously in business, he must learn to master his emotions.如果他想在商场上受重视，那他就必须学会控制自己的情绪。master [sth] vtr (conquer)控制；征服Napoleon was able to master many countries.master [sth] vtr (rule)统治；控制The dictator mastered his nation through fear and threats.master [sth] vtr (tame)驯服；征服It took a long time, but he finally mastered the wild horse.master of [sth] n (an expert in)能手；…的大师The con man is a master of deceit.master of [sth] n (person in charge of)主宰；主人Adults are masters of their own destinies.master-plan [sth] vtr (create master plan)制定...的蓝图；为...制定总规划a masterclass in [sth], a master class in [sth] n figurative (expert example)典范Scorsese's "Raging Bull" is a masterclass in cinematography.mastermind [sth] vtr (plan, organize: plot, project)计划；组织；策划The lead criminal masterminded the theft.罪犯头目策划了整场劫案。masticate [sth] vtr (chew)咀嚼；嚼mat [sth] vtr US (picture: fit with a mount for framing)给...配框边When matting a photo, it is best to use a plain white mat.如需给照片裱框，最好使用纯白相框。match [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (join, pair)将…与…搭配起来；使…与…相称；使…与…相配In this game, you need to match each card with another card with the same design.在这个游戏里，你需要把每张牌与另一张同花色的牌配在一起。match [sth] vtr (go with harmoniously)和…相称；和…相配；和…相适合You did a good job getting all the furnishings in this room to match the wallpaper so well.这个房间里的装饰与墙纸搭配得很好，你做得真不错。match [sth] vtr (correspond to)与...相吻合；与...相一致；与...匹配This key matches this lock.match [sth/sb] vtr (measure up to)敌得过；比得上；符合，达到If the players can match their previous performance, they'll win this game easily.如果球员们能够达到之前的表现水平，那就能轻松拿下这场比赛了。match [sth] vtr (clothing, designs: go with) (衣物)与…搭配，与…相配Do my shoes match my shirt?match [sth/sb] vtr (place in competition with)与…较量；对抗In the tournament, the team was matched with a very difficult opponent.match [sth] vtr (be equal to)和…相当；与…相等The man's anger matched his wife's.那个男人和他妻子同样愤怒。match [sth] up, match up [sth] and [sth] v expr (pair)使…配对；使…和…成对I don't mind washing and ironing, but I hate matching up all the socks.我不介意洗熨，但我讨厌配对所有的袜子。match [sth] up with [sth], match up [sth] with [sth] v expr (pair with: [sth])使...与...配对；匹配...和The students were asked to match up the French words with their meanings.学生需要将法语单词与意思进行配对。mate [sth] vtr (animals: breed) (动物)交配繁殖matte [sth], matt [sth], mat [sth] vtr (give matte surface to)使表面粗糙；无光泽the matter with [sth] n informal (problem, fault with [sth])困难；麻烦；问题What's the matter with your suitcase? Is the handle broken?你的箱子有什么问题吗？是不是提手坏了？maturate [sth] vtr (cause to mature)使...成熟；催熟maul [sb/sth] vtr (animal: attack) (动物)攻击，伤害The lion tamer was mauled by one of the lions.maul [sb/sth] vtr (treat roughly)粗暴地对待The book was badly mauled by its borrowers.maximize [sth], also UK: maximise [sth] vtr (make [sth] as big as possible)使增加到最大程度What can we do to maximize our profits from this venture?maximize [sth], also UK: maximise [sth] vtr figurative (make the most of [sth])最大化利用Maximize the opportunity to learn from these experienced cooks.MC [sth], emcee [sth] vtr initialism (be master of ceremonies of [sth])为...做司仪, 主持...Do you know anyone who can MC my party?mean [sth] vtr (word: signify)意思是；意为What does the word 'available' mean?“available”这个词是什么意思呢？mean to do [sth] v expr (intend)有意做；故意做；意欲I'm sorry. I never meant to hurt you.我很抱歉，我不是有意要伤害你的。mean [sth] vtr (signify)表示；意味着A green light means "go."绿灯表示可以通行。mean [sth], mean that [sth] vtr (with a clause: signify) (后接从句)意思是；意味着When the dog barks, it means that there is danger nearby.狗吠叫意味着附近有危险。mean [sth] vtr (say sincerely)是认真的；是真诚的I really mean it when I say you're beautiful.在我说你真美的时候，我是认真的。mean [sth/sb] vtr (allude to)指；意指I don't mean her, I mean her husband!我不是指她，我指的是她丈夫！mean (to do [sth]) vtr (intend)打算做某事；想要做某事；意欲做某事Tony means to finish his drink in one gulp.mean [sth] vtr (entail)牵涉到；意味着A delay in our flight means a missed connection.我们飞机晚点意味着会误了转机。mean [sth] vtr informal (likely to result in) (非正式用语)可能造成；可能导致This means war!mean to do [sth] vi + prep (be determined)决心做；决定做I mean to win that race, even if it kills me!即便难于登天，我也一定要赢得那场比赛！mean doing [sth] vtr (with gerund: involve) (做某事)意味着No, I can't take you to your sister's house now, as that would mean driving across town and back in the rush hour.be meant to do [sth] adj UK (be supposed to do [sth])应该I'm meant to go straight home after school.measure [sth/sb] vtr (calculate dimensions)测量, 度量I need to measure the wood before I cut it.The player measured the distance to the goal.在把木头切开之前，我需要测量它。 // 球员估量了一下到球门的距离。measure [sth] vtr figurative (weigh, consider)斟酌，估量，权衡He measured all of his options before acting.在行动前，他权衡了所有的选择。measure [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep figurative (compare)把…和…相比The new president's success would always be measured against his predecessor's.人们总是会把新任总统的成功和前任总统相比较。measure against [sth] vi + prep (compare)比较；衡量He tested his skill to see how he measures against the competition.他考验了自己的技能，比较与竞争对手的实力。measure [sb] up for [sth] v expr (calculate size: for clothing) (为裁剪或购买衣服)为…给…量尺寸The tailor measured him up for a new suit.the meat of [sth] n figurative (essence, crux, gist) (比喻)主要部分，要点，实质The meat of the issue was his refusal to pay for anything.问题的实质在于，他什么钱都不掏。mechanize [sth], also UK: mechanise [sth] vtr (automate [sth])使机械化；使自动化meddle in [sth] vi + prep (interfere in [sth])干预；干涉Don't meddle in their quarrel; you'll regret it if you do.meddle with [sth] vi + prep (tamper or fiddle with [sth])胡乱摆弄；乱动；乱翻Someone's been meddling with the padlock.Someone has been meddling with my things; they're all out of order.mediate [sth] vtr (arbitrate: in a dispute)调解；调停We called a lawyer to mediate the settlement.medicate [sb/sth] vtr (treat with drugs)用药医治You must medicate strep throat; it cannot cure itself.meditate on [sth] vi + prep (ponder, reflect on)沉思；反省；深思In his new book, the spiritual guru meditates on the meaning of life.meet [sth] vtr (greet: a flight, etc.) (前往机场等)迎接，接The whole family will meet our flight at the airport.全家都会来机场接我们。meet [sth] vtr (encounter: [sth])注意；看到The traveller meets a strange sight as he enters the city.meet [sth] vtr (join with)与…相连接There is a blockage at the point where the pipe meets the main line.管道与主干相连接的位置发生了堵塞。meet [sth/sb] vtr (face directly)正面遭遇；与…正面交手；和…对峙；与...角逐Dartmouth will meet Princeton for the championship.meet [sth/sb] vtr (contest with)和…交锋；与...竞赛The allied forces met their enemy on the fields of northern France.meet [sth] vtr (cope with)对付；处理；应付I'll meet that problem later. For now, I have to do this job.meet [sth] vtr (satisfy)满足；达到；达成The employee's performance did not meet his manager's expectations.The project team are struggling to meet their objectives due to a lack of effort on the part of some members.meet [sth] vtr (conform with)满足；符合；达到This process does not meet quality standards.meld [sth], meld [sth] and [sth] vtr (blend, merge)使合并；使融合The winemakers melded Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon in their new blend.meld [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (blend with [sth] else)与...融合；合并The jeweler melded gold with silver to create a less expensive band.meld [sth] vtr (cards: play set) (纸牌)把...结成顺子；打顺子melt [sth] vtr (heat until liquid)使融化；使熔化The cook melted the butter in the pan.厨师在锅里加热黄油，使黄油融化。memorialize [sth/sb], also UK: memorialise [sth/sb] vtr (commemorate [sth])纪念；庆祝memorize [sth], also UK: memorise [sth] vtr (learn by heart)记忆；背诵Did you have to memorize any poems in primary school?你小学时背过诗吗？menace [sb/sth] vtr (threaten, endanger [sb], [sth])威胁，威吓；危及，对…构成威胁Widespread pollution menaces our planet.广泛污染问题威胁着我们的星球。mend [sth] vtr (repair: clothes, shoes)缝补；修理；修补The cobbler mended Tracy's shoes.补鞋匠把特蕾西的鞋子补好了。mend [sth/sb] vtr (heal)使愈合；使康复；治疗The doctor worked hard to mend her patients.医生尽一切努力治疗自己的患者。mention [sth] vtr (speak of, refer to)提及；说起；提到Don't forget to mention the party when you talk to Olivia.你跟奥莉维亚说话的时候别忘了提醒她排队的事。mention [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (speak of)向…说起；和…谈起Did you mention the car problem to James?你有没有向詹姆士说起车的问题？mention [sth] vtr (cite formally)提到；提述Your thesis should mention all primary works consulted in the bibliography.mercerize [sth], also UK: mercerise [sth] vtr (yarn: shrink, make shiny) (纱线)对...做丝光处理merchandise [sth], also US: merchandize [sth] vtr (sell, trade)售卖；销售Ben's company merchandised auto parts to local dealerships.本的公司将汽车配件销售给本地经销商。merchandise [sth] vtr (trade)买卖；经营Ben's company merchandised auto parts to local dealerships.merge with [sth] vi + prep (join with [sth] else)与…结合；与…合为一体Asia merges with Africa in the Middle East.亚洲与非洲在中东的位置结合。merge into [sth] vi + prep (join, combine with)与…汇合；与…交汇These two rivers merge into each other to become one, about twenty miles from the coast.这两条河流在离海岸大约20英里的位置汇合成了一条。merge [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (combine with [sth] else)把…和…混合起来The color green merges blue with yellow.绿色是通过把蓝色和黄色混合起来得到的。merge [sth] and [sth] vtr (mix, blend together)使融合；混合...和...The artist merged the green and the blue in her painting.这位艺术家在画中融合了绿色与蓝色。merge [sth] and [sth] into [sth], merge [sth] into [sth] v expr (combine to make [sth])把…合并成…；把…和…合并成…Alex tried to merge his bank accounts into one.艾利克斯试图将他多个银行账户合并成一个。merge [sth] in vtr + adv (join, combine)使…合并merge with [sth] vi + prep (company: combine with another) (企业)与…合并，与…联合Ben's company merged with a competitor and he lost his job.本的公司遭到竞争对手的合并，他也因此丢了工作。merge with [sth] vi + prep (traffic: be absorbed) (交通)汇入，并入At junction 4, the traffic merges with the A road.在四号岔路口，交通并入了A号大道。merge [sth] vtr (spreadsheet cell: combine) (单元格)合并I merged three cells in Excel to create a bigger one.在Excel中，为了创造出一个更大的单元格，我将三个小的合并在一起。merge [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (computing: amalgamate) (计算机)将...与...合并merit [sth] vtr (deserve)值得；应得Rachel merited a promotion.蕾切尔应该升职。a mess (of [sth]) n (disorder)混乱；乱七八糟His desk was a mess of papers and books.他的书桌乱七八糟地铺满了纸张和书籍。mess [sth] vtr US, informal (soil) (非正式用语)弄脏；使肮脏You didn't mess your diaper did you?mess with [sth] vi + prep (tamper)摆弄；瞎弄Don't mess with those papers – I've just put them in order.别弄乱那些文件，我刚刚把它们整理好了。mess with [sth] vi + prep informal (become involved with)接触；染上When he started messing with drugs, everything went downhill.当他开始沾染毒品，一切都变得糟糕。message [sth], message [sth] to [sb] vtr (send as a message)把…通知某人I messaged the information to him.metabolize [sth], also UK: metabolise [sth] vtr (food: process for energy)使新陈代谢；代谢metal [sth] vtr (put road metal on)在…上面铺碎石；用碎石铺（路）The city metaled the damaged roads.metal [sth] vtr (cover with metal)用金属包；用金属装饰The jeweler metaled the stone figurine.mete [sth] vtr (measure out)施加The commander seems to enjoy meting out punishment.指挥官好像很喜欢惩罚别人。meter [sth] vtr often passive (measure using a meter)用仪表计量The water here is metered so we pay for however much we use.这里用仪表计量用水，我们用多少就付多少钱。methinks [sth] vtr archaic (it seems to me) (古语)在我看来methinks [sth] vtr humorous (I think) (幽默用法)我认为, 我以为metricate [sth] vtr (convert into metric measurements)将…转为公制metricize [sth], also UK: metricise [sth] vtr (convert [sth] to metric)转化为公制度量衡制度；将…转为公制mezzotint [sth] vtr (engrave using mezzotint)把…制成镂刻凹版microchip [sth/sb] vtr often passive (fit with a microchip)给...植微芯片It doesn't cost much for a cat or dog to be microchipped, but it could save their life.microwave [sth] vtr (cook in a microwave oven) (食物)用微波炉烹调，用微波炉加热Kate microwaved some popcorn.凯特用微波炉做了一些爆米花。midst [sth], in midst [sth], in midst of [sth], in the midst of [sth] prep literary (among)在…中间，在…之中In midst all the commotion, Amy lost her purse.一片混乱之中，艾米钱包丢了。midwife [sth] vtr figurative (assist in creating)促成；协助达成It is the peacemaker's job to attempt to midwife a solution.mike [sb/sth] vtr informal, abbreviation (supply or amplify with microphone)通过话筒传送The news crew prepped and miked the whole family before the interview.militarize [sth], also UK: militarise [sth] vtr (change to military control)使军事化；使军国化The government militarized the country's border.政府对边境进行了军事化。milk [sth] vtr (draw milk from an animal)挤（牛羊的）奶；给…挤奶The farm boy milked the cows every morning.每天早上，那名农家少年都要给奶牛挤奶。milk [sth/sb], milk [sth/sb] for [sth] vtr figurative, slang (exploit)压榨，剥削，榨取The boss milked his employees for every drop of energy they had.老板将手下员工的精力榨得一滴不剩。milk [sth] vtr (extract a liquid) (液体)抽取；榨取The snake handler milked the cobra of its venom.mill [sth] vtr (shape metal) (机械)铣，铣削Rachel milled the metal into the shape that she wanted.瑞秋把金属铣成自己想要的形状。mill [sth] vtr (grind to powder)磨碎；碾碎；碾成粉末The machine milled the grain into flour.机器将麦粒磨成面粉。mill [sth] vtr (process)生产；制造；加工The plant is used to mill iron ore.mill [sth] vtr (create ribbing on edge of coin) (在钱币上)在…上印出沟槽，在…上印出花边The machine automatically milled the coins.millions of [sth] adj (millions in number)数百万的Millions of baby turtles hatch on the beach in early summer.初夏，有数百万的海龟宝宝在海滩上孵化。a million [sth] adj figurative, informal (many) (比喻)许多，大量There are a million guys like him.像他那样的人还有许多。millions of [sth] adj figurative, informal (many)许许多多的；大量的； (比喻)数百万的I know millions of guys like him.像他那样的人我认识得多了。mime [sth] vtr (act out in gestures)用比手划脚来表现，用手势和身体动作来表现；以哑剧来表演I mimed turning a steering wheel to indicate I wanted to rent a car.我做了个打方向盘的手势，表示我想租车。mimic [sb], mimic [sth] vtr (imitate)模仿；学…的样子；做滑稽模仿Kelsey mimicked her friend's laugh perfectly.凯尔西完美模仿了朋友的大笑。mince [sth] vtr UK (meat: grind)绞碎（肉）；把…绞碎Karen minced some meat for sausages.卡伦绞碎了些肉做香肠。mince [sth] vtr US (food: chop into pieces) (食物)切碎，剁碎，斩细，绞碎Richard minced the vegetables for the pan.理查德在下锅前将蔬菜切碎。mind [sth] vtr (attend to)注意, 关心, 留意；照顾, 照管, 处理Mind your own behaviour and don't tell others what to do.管好你自己的事，少对别人指手划脚的。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 我不在的时候你能帮我看会儿店吗？mind [sth] vtr (pay attention)对…留心；注意；当心Mind where you walk; the floor is wet.地板湿滑，走路当心。mind doing [sth] vtr (object to)介意做；反对做Do you mind having to babysit for your brothers so often?你经常得照顾自己兄弟得小孩，会介意吗？mind [sth] vtr (watch out)小心；当心Mind the slippery steps.mind [sth] vtr (watch)照看；看管Would you mind the shop for me?mind [sth] vtr (care about)关心；在意I don't mind the other commuters' rudeness.mind [sth] vtr (be disturbed by)介意；在意；对…耿耿于怀I very much mind the intrusions of government.be minded to do [sth] v expr (disposed, inclined to do)有做某事的倾向的；打算做某事的The teacher told the children that she was minded to put the toys away if they didn't stop arguing.老师告诉孩子们，如果他们不停止争吵，她就打算把玩具都没收。be mindful of [sth] adj + prep (give [sth] thought or awareness)留意到；注意到She only stayed a short time, as she was mindful of her need to study quite a bit before going to bed.a mine of [sth] n figurative (abundant supply) (比喻)宝库；丰富资源The website was a mine of information.这个网站中包含丰富的信息。mine [sth] vtr (extract minerals, metals, etc.)采矿；开采They mined gold from that mountain.他们从那山里开采黄金。mine for [sth] vi + prep (dig to find [sth])开采vtrPeople have been mining for gold here for over one hundred years.mine [sth] vtr (plant explosive mines)在…布置地雷The army mined the whole field.mine [sth] vtr (data: analyse) (数据)分析They mined the data, looking for buying patterns.mineralize [sth], also UK: mineralise [sth] vtr (water, matter: add minerals to)矿化，使…矿化mingle with [sb/sth] vi + prep (socialize or mix with)与…交往；与…社交I can't stay talking to you all evening, I must mingle with the guests.我不能一晚上都只陪你说话，我得去与客人们交往。mingle [sth], mingle [sth] and [sth] vtr (combine, mix)将…与…混合；混合…The witness's account mingled truth and lies until you couldn't tell which was which.目击证人的供述真假混合，让你简直分不清哪是哪。mingle [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (combine, mix)将...与...混合；结合...与...The garden mingles formal planting with more natural, wild areas.花园将正规种植与更为天然的野生区域结合起来。miniaturize [sth], also UK: miniaturise [sth] vtr (make [sth] on a very small scale)使微型化；使小型化minimize [sth], also UK: minimise [sth] vtr (make [sth] as small as possible)最小化How can we minimize our risk in this investment?我们如何在这项投资中尽量降低风险？minimize [sth], also UK: minimise [sth] vtr (trivialize [sth])轻视；忽略；贬低I certainly didn't mean to minimize his contribution to the book.我不是有意要贬低他对这本书的贡献的。minor in [sth] vi + prep US (study as a subsidiary subject)副修；辅修When I was in college, I majored in business and minored in psychology.mint [sth] vtr (manufacture: coins) (硬币)铸造，铸The federal reserve minted new coins this year.mint [sth] vtr (produce for first time)创造；发明Shakespeare is thought to have minted thousands of English words.minute [sth] vtr (make written record)记录；给...做纪要The secretary minuted the meeting.mire [sb/sth] in [sth] vtr + prep often passive (cause to be stuck in: marsh, etc.)使陷入或困于沼地中The troops were mired in the mud.mire [sb] in [sth] vtr + prep figurative (entangle in: a situation)使陷入困难中The couple was mired in a bad divorce.mired in [sth] adj + prep (stuck in: swamp, etc.)被困在mired in [sth] adj + prep figurative (stuck in: debt, etc.) (比喻)被困在；为...所困mirror [sth] vtr figurative (follow same pattern) (比喻)反射出，反映出The development of the city mirrored the growth of the country as a whole.城市的发展可以反映出整个国家的发展。mirror of [sth] n figurative (representation) (比喻)真实反映His face was a mirror of her feelings.mirror [sth/sb] vtr often passive (reflect)反射；映照Her face was mirrored in the tranquil water of the pond.mirror [sth/sb] vtr figurative (represent) (比喻)代表，表现；反射The characters in the novel mirror typical artists and politicians.misaddress [sth] vtr (send to the wrong address)寄错；把...弄错地址misalign [sth] vtr (not match up [sth] with [sth])偏移，未与…对准，不与…重合misapply [sth] vtr (use incorrectly)错误使用；误用misapprehend [sth] vtr (misunderstand)误解；错误地理解misappropriate [sth] vtr (use dishonestly)挪用；盗用The dishonest manager misappropriated company funds.那位不检点的经理挪用了公款。miscalculate [sth] vtr (count incorrectly)误算，错算；计算错误I miscalculated how much money I spent this month.miscalculate [sth] vtr (judge incorrectly)误判，对…失算；对…判断失误The candidate lost the election because she miscalculated her opponent.miscall [sth/sb] vtr (name incorrectly)误称；叫错...的名字miscommunicate [sth] vtr (not communicate [sth] properly)错误传达；无法传达misconceive [sth] vtr (understand wrongly)误解；对…理解出现误区misconstrue [sth] vtr (interpret incorrectly)错误理解；曲解Please don't misconstrue my words.miscount [sth] vtr (calculate incorrectly)数错；算错miscount [sth] n (incorrect calculation)数错；算错misdiagnose [sth] vtr (misidentify: problem, illness)错误地诊断；错误地判断misdial [sth] vtr (phone: dial [sth] incorrectly)拨错…的电话号码misdirect [sth] vtr (focus on wrong goal)误导；将...用错地方；将...集中在错误的目标上misdirect [sth] vtr (parcel: address incorrectly)写错…的邮寄地址misdo [sth] vtr (do wrongly)做错misfile [sth] vtr (file incorrectly)错误归档misgovern [sth] vtr (rule incompetently or badly)对…管理不善；治理...失误mishandle [sth] vtr (manage badly)处理失当The manager mishandled interpersonal problems in the office.在办公室的人际问题上，那位经理处理不得当。mishear [sth] vtr (hear incorrectly)误听；听错I think I misheard that comment. Could you repeat yourself?mis*** [sth] vtr (ball sports: hit badly) (球类运动)误击，没有击中misidentify [sth/sb] vtr (recognise wrongly)认错misinterpret [sth] vtr (understand wrongly)误解；误以为Judging by your comments, you misinterpreted my ideas.misinterpret [sth] vtr (translate wrongly)误释；误译The translator misinterpreted many sentences in the book.misjudge [sth] vtr (assess or gauge incorrectly)误判；错误判断；错误估计Thelma misjudged the level of her parents' disappointment.mislabel [sth] vtr (label incorrectly)在…上贴错标签mislay [sth] vtr (lose temporarily)一时记不起…放在何处I mislaid my keys; can you help me find them?mismanage [sth] vtr (handle badly)对…管理不善The accountant mismanaged the funds.会计资金管理不善。mismatch [sth] vtr (match incorrectly)错配；误配The designer mismatched the curtains.设计师搭配错了窗帘。misname [sb/sth] vtr (call wrongly)叫错…的名字；误称The child misnamed the elephant when he called it a giraffe.misplace [sth] vtr (lose, mislay)丢失，把…放在记不起来的地方Samantha always misplaces her glasses.misplace [sth] vtr (place unwisely) (感情等)把...误放在；把...错误地寄托在I misplaced my trust in my cheating husband.misplay [sth] vtr (sport, game: play badly) (体育或游戏中)失误；犯规misprint [sth] vtr (make error in printed type)印错The magazine misprinted the word "butte" so that it said "butt".那本杂志将“鼙鼓”这个词错印成了“屁股”。mispronounce [sth] vtr (word: say incorrectly)发错…的音Many ESL students mispronounce the r sound.许多ESL学生都发错了 "R" 音。misread [sth] vtr (read incorrectly)读错，念错；误读，误解I must have misread the date on the invitation.我肯定是搞错了邀请的日期。misreport [sth] vtr (give an incorrect account of)错误报告；误报；谎报misrepresent [sth/sb] vtr (portray inaccurately)歪曲；曲解；表述失实The candidate misrepresented her opponent's position.那位候选人曲解了竞选对手的意思。misrepresent [sth/sb] as [sth] vtr + prep (portray inaccurately as)歪曲；不准确的描述The politician misrepresented himself as a humanitarian, when he was actually a warmonger.miss [sth/sb] vtr (fail to hit: target, mark)未打中，未击中The batsman missed the ball.棒球手未击中球。miss [sth] vtr (sport: fail to catch) (体育运动)未接到（球等）The goalkeeper missed the ball.守门员未接到球。miss [sth] vtr (long for)思念；渴望I miss the mountains of home.我思念家乡的群山。miss [sth] vtr (fail to land on)未打中；未击中；未达到；错过The bomb missed its target.炸弹没击中目标。miss [sth] vtr (fail to be present for)错过；未出席；未参加Pete slept late and missed the meeting.皮特睡过了头，没能参加会议。miss [sth] vtr (fail to be on time for)错过；误了The delay caused Audrey to miss her train.因为延误，奥德丽错过了她那趟火车。miss [sth] vtr (fail to hear)没听到；错过I'm sorry, I missed what you said.对不起，我没听到您说什么。miss [sth] vtr (fail to understand)没理解；未领会I can't see how these two issues are connected; am I missing something?我看这两个问题没有关联，是有什么我没理解吗？miss [sth] vtr (fail to take advantage of)错过；未抓住Don't miss this fantastic opportunity to save money!不要错过这个省钱的好机会！miss [sth] vtr (escape or avoid)逃开；躲掉；避免He narrowly missed crashing into a tree.他差点就撞上了一棵树。misshape [sth] vtr (deform)使变形；使成畸形misspeak [sth] vtr (say incorrectly)发音不准；说错misspell [sth] vtr (word: write incorrectly)拼错；拼写错The child misspelled the final word in the spelling bee.在拼写比赛上，那个孩子将最后一个词拼错了。misspend [sth] vtr (squander: money, time)浪费；虚度；挥霍misstate [sth] vtr (declare incorrectly)谎称；谎报mist [sth] vtr (spray as mist)使…呈雾状喷出；在...上喷雾Jenna misted water onto the mirror with a small spray bottle.珍娜用一个小喷壶，在镜子上喷了一层水雾。mistake [sth] for [sth] else vtr (choose wrongly)选错...而没有选；错选...而应该选I mistook the car for a newer model and paid too much for it.mistake [sth] vtr (misunderstand)理解错；误认为是He mistook her remarks as being in favour of the change.mistime [sth] vtr (do at the wrong time)没有找准...的时机mistranslate [sth] vtr (translate incorrectly)错误翻译，错译mistreat [sb/sth] vtr (person, animal: treat badly)对…不好；虐待Neighbours couldn't believe she'd mistreated her children so badly.邻居们都不敢相信她竟然那样虐待自己的孩子。mistrust [sb/sth] vtr (lack confidence in)不相信；不信任She's mistrusted him from the word go.她从一开始就不相信他。mistrustful of [sb/sth] adj + prep (not trusting)对…不信任；对…猜疑I am always mistrustful of anything that sounds like its too good to be true.我一直不相信任何看似好得令人难以置信的事情。misunderstand [sth/sb] vtr (understand [sb] wrongly)误解，理解错误；误会；曲解Brian misunderstood Lauren when she invited him to lunch, and showed up at breakfast.劳拉邀请布莱恩吃午饭，布莱恩理解错了，结果早餐时就现身了。misuse [sth] vtr (use incorrectly)不当使用Dan broke a knife because he misused it. It is dangerous to misuse prescription medications.由于不当使用，丹弄坏了一把刀。不当使用处方药是十分危险的。misuse [sth] vtr (abuse)滥用The politician misused government money.那位政客滥用政府钱财。a mite of [sth] n (a little bit of)一点..., 稍许...Would it hurt you to show me a mite of consideration?miter [sth] (US), mitre [sth] (UK) vtr (form a corner)呈45度角拼接；斜接miter [sth] (US), mitre [sth] (UK) vtr (form a miter joint)斜接mitigate [sth] vtr (lessen harm done)减轻；使缓和Dan tried to mitigate the flood damage by laying down sand bags.丹试图通过堆放沙袋来减轻洪灾损失。mix [sth] and [sth] vtr + conj (blend)将...与...混合We mixed red and yellow paint to create orange paint.我们把红色涂料和黄色涂料混和调成橙色涂料。mix [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (combine)将...和...搅拌在一起；将...和...拌在一起Mix the butter with the sugar, then add the eggs.把黄油和食糖搅拌在一起，然后加入鸡蛋。mix [sth] vtr (stir)搅拌；搅和The recipe says to mix the ingredients until the butter has been absorbed.配方说要把各种成分搅拌到一起，直到黄油被吸收。mix [sth] vtr (music: blend tracks) (音乐)混合，混录；混音The DJ mixed the two tunes expertly. We should go to that dance club again.mix [sth] together vtr + adv (blend by stirring)将...搅拌在一起Mix together the flour, egg and milk until you have a smooth paste.mix [sth] and [sth] together, mix together [sth] and [sth] vtr + adv (combine, blend)将...掺在一起；将...混合在一起If you mix blue and red together, you get purple.mix [sth] together with [sth] v expr (combine, blend)把...和...混合；get mixed up with [sb/sth] v expr informal (become involved with)掺合进，牵涉进；与...有牵连Brad got mixed up with the wrong crowd in his teenage years and ended up dropping out of school with no qualifications.be mixed up with [sb/sth] v expr informal (be involved with)与...混在一起；与...有牵连Don is mixed up with some very dubious people; I think they might be involved in organized crime.get [sth/sb] mixed up with [sth/sb] v expr (confuse two people or things)搞混；弄混My husband is hopeless at recognizing celebrities—he always manages to get Ed Sheeran mixed up with Prince Harry.mob, mob of [sth] n (disorderly crowd of people)暴民, 乱民The peaceful protest became a mob when the police started throwing tear gas at them.A mob of fans greeted the rock stars when they arrived at the airport.由于警方向示威人群投掷催泪瓦斯，原本和平的集会成了暴动。摇滚巨星到机场的时候，遇见了一群狂热的粉丝。mob [sth] vtr (people: inundate)涌入；进入；黑手党The crowd mobbed the city hall.mobilize [sb/sth], also UK: mobilise [sb/sth] vtr (make ready for action)动员；调动Successful candidates must mobilize minority voters.成功的竞选人必须动员少数选民。mock [sb/sth] vtr (make a joke of)嘲笑；嘲弄The comedian mocked the politician.那位喜剧演员嘲弄了政客。mock [sth] vtr (disregard for authority, etc.) (因不服或不屑)藐视，挑衅，挑战The criminal's actions mocked the establishment.那个罪犯的行为是对法律的公然挑衅。model [sth] vtr (demonstrate)展示；展现You should model the kind of behaviour you'd like your children to copy.model [sth] vtr (display clothing)用模特展示服装Let's model this sweater on that mannequin.model [sth] vtr (form into a shape)为…塑形；塑造She modelled the dough into the shape of a little man.model [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (copy)使仿效；照着...模仿I have modelled my work practices on those of my boss.我的工作是模仿我老板的做法的。model [sth] after [sth] vtr + prep (base on [sth] else)使…模仿；使…仿照This amphitheatre was modelled on the Colosseum in Rome.moderate [sth] vtr (make less extreme)使缓和；减轻；减弱Karen worked to moderate her friend's enthusiasm.凯伦设法让朋友的热情减弱了下去。moderate [sth] vtr (discussion) (讨论、会议等)主持Paul moderated the class discussion.保罗主持课堂讨论。moderate [sth] vtr (forum: regulate)节制，规范；约束Tom moderated the online forum personally.汤姆亲自对在线论坛进行规范。moderate [sth] vtr (neutrons) (物理)使（中子）减速The scientist moderated the neutrons for an experiment.modernize [sth], also UK: modernise [sth] vtr (bring [sth] up to date)使现代化The fitness center modernized their equipment with state of the art treadmills.a modicum of [sth] n (small amount)少许；一点What you're telling me doesn't have a modicum of truth to it.modify [sth] vtr (change, alter)修改，变更；调整The scientist had to modify his experiment.modify [sth] vtr (grammar: add modifier to) (语法)修饰，给…加修饰语The English teacher tried to teach the students how to modify verbs.modify [sth] vtr (vowel change) (元音)变换The students tried to learn how to modify vowels to conjugate German verbs.modify [sth] vtr (temper, lower)降低；减轻The diplomat modified his demands in response to the situation.modulate [sth] vtr (adjust)调节；调整The singer can modulate his voice very effectively.moisten [sth] vtr (make slightly wet)润湿；使…湿润Moisten the sponge before use.moisturize [sth], also UK: moisturise [sth] vtr (add moisture)使…湿润；给…增加水分It's important to moisturize your hands after washing them.mold [sth] (US), mould [sth] (UK) vtr (form, sculpt)塑造；使成形He moulded the clay with his hands.他用双手塑造粘土的形状。mold [sth] into [sth] (US), mould [sth] into [sth] (UK) vtr + prep (form, shape)把…塑造成；将…捏成…形状The children molded the clay into dinosaurs.孩子们将粘土捏成恐龙的形状。mold [sb/sth] (US), mould [sb/sth] (UK) vtr figurative (person, character: develop)塑造；使…形成It was his time at boarding school that moulded his character.在寄宿学校的那段时光塑造了他的性格。mold [sth] (US), mould [sth] (UK) vtr figurative (give shape)塑造Teachers are responsible for molding young minds.教师肩负着塑造年轻一代思想的任务。mold [sb] into [sth] (US), mould [sb] into [sth] (UK) vtr + prep figurative (person: help to develop)把…塑造成；把…培养成His aunts moulded him into a perfect gentleman.他的姑姑把他培养成了一位完美的绅士。mollify [sth] vtr (soften: [sth])软化；缓和The commander gave a heartfelt speech in order to mollify the soldier's fears.monetize [sth], also UK: monetise [sth] vtr (convert [sth] into money)变现This program is monetized by showing advertisements periodically.monetize [sth], also UK: monetise [sth] vtr (coin: give value)将…定为法定货币monitor [sth/sb] vtr (observe)观察；监测He monitored the patient's status overnight.他整晚都在观察病人的状况。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 这个仪器可以监测底盘上有无货物。monitor [sth] vtr (listen to a signal, broadcast)监听The government monitors radio broadcasts from North Korea.monitor [sth/sb] vtr (oversee, supervise)监控；监督；监管She monitored the elections in Argentina.monopolize [sth], also UK: monopolise [sth] vtr (market: dominate, control)垄断...，独占...The corporation monopolized the fitness market.monopolize [sth], also UK: monopolise [sth] vtr figurative (dominate [sth]) (比喻)垄断；独占I cannot allow one client to monopolize all my time.我不能把时间都献给一位客户。monument to [sth] n (lasting example) (某种特点或品质的)例证, 典范His last film was a monument to stupidity and bad taste.mooch [sth] vtr US, informal (scrounge)乞讨, 索要Stan is always mooching cigarettes off of his big brother.moor [sth] vtr (ship, boat)使停泊；系泊The sailor moored the boat to the dock.水手将船停在码头。moot [sth] vtr often passive (raise: a subject) (话题)提出He always fell silent whenever the subject was mooted.每次一提出那个话题，他就沉默不语。mop [sth] vtr (floor: clean)用拖把拖；用墩布擦Kyle mopped the floor after his shift.凯尔换班后用拖把拖了地。mordant [sth] vtr (treat with a mordant)用腐蚀剂处理；用媒介染料处理more of a [sth] expr (more similar to [sth] than [sth] else)更像是；更接近The space is so small; it's more of a garden than a farm.more than enough [sth], more than enough of [sth] expr (plenty of [sth])绰绰有余Please join us for dinner; there's more than enough food.Against Greece, the team had more than enough of the ball, but could not score a goal.morph [sth] vtr (image on screen: transform)使图像变形；为图像做合成处理The animator showed the class the techniques she had used to morph the woman into an eagle.mortgage [sth] vtr (the house) (房产等)以…作为按揭贷款的抵押，抵押Kate's dad mortgaged the house to pay for her wedding.凯特的父亲为了给凯特办婚礼，把自己的房子都抵押出去了。mortgage [sth] vtr figurative (future) (比喻)把…许给，把…担保给；将...许诺给Ben mortgaged his future to help his friend.本许诺以后会花时间帮助他的朋友。mortify [sth] vtr (flesh: chastise) (肉体)克制；压抑；禁欲mortise [sth], mortice [sth] vtr (join with a mortise)用榫眼连接；铆接most of [sth] n (majority or larger part of [sth])绝大多数；绝大部分Most of the soup has been eaten.汤都快给喝完了。mothball [sth] vtr (temporarily take out of use)闲置；搁置；暂时关停After the war was over, the country mothballed many of its battleships.战争结束后，该国将许多战舰都搁置了。mothball [sth] vtr (project: put on hold)推迟；搁置The CEO decided to mothball the project because it was taking too much time and money to complete.首席执行官决定搁置该项目，因为完成这个项目太费时间和金钱。the mother of [sth] n figurative (cause)原因, 缘由Some think that diplomacy is the mother of inaction.mother [sth] vtr (give birth to)生育The wolf mothered two cubs.mother [sb/sth] vtr (protect, nurture)保护；照管；照顾They mother their families, making sure that there is proper food and clothing.mothproof [sth] vtr (protect clothes against moths)对…进行防蛀处理motion to [sb/sth], motion towards [sb/sth], motion at [sb/sth] vi + prep (gesture)向...做动作；向...打手势；向...示意Ben motioned to the door.本对着门打了个手势。motion [sb] to do [sth] v expr (encourage by gesture)示意某人…With a nod of his head, the boss motioned Frances to continue with her explanation.老板点点头，示意弗朗西斯继续解释。motivate [sb] to do [sth] v expr (stimulate to act)激励某人做某事We need to motivate our staff to generate more profits.motivate [sth] vtr (prompt, provoke)激起；激发；导致The burglaries motivated an increased police presence.多个劫案导致这里的警察增多。the motor for [sth] n figurative ([sth] that makes things happen) (比喻)原动力；引擎Erin was the real motor for the project.艾琳是这个项目真正的引擎。motorize [sth], also UK: motorise [sth] vtr (fit with a motor)给...装上发动机motorize [sth], also UK: motorise [sth] vtr (supply with motor vehicles)给...提供摩托motorize [sth], also UK: motorise [sth] vtr (replace horse-drawn with cars)给...装上发动机mottle [sth] vtr (cover with blotches or patches)在...上布满斑点；在...上布满斑块mound [sth] vtr (make a pile)把…堆成堆；将...堆起来The worker mounded the snow up into a large heap.工人把雪扫成一堆。mount [sth] vtr (get on: a horse, bicycle) (马等)骑上，跨上The knight mounted the horse.骑士跨上马。mount [sth] vtr (campaign: launch)开展，发起；举行，进行The university mounted a research expedition.该大学开展了一项研究考察。mount [sth] vtr (put up on display)安装，安放；镶嵌在…上The curator mounted the gem in the museum entrance.策展人将这块宝石安放在博物馆的入口处。mount [sth] vtr UK (picture: fit with a mat for framing) (照片等)装裱，装帧George mounted the picture and put it in a frame.乔治将照片裱贴好后放进相框里。mount [sth] vtr (climb)登上；爬上The elderly gentleman slowly mounted the stairs.mount [sth] vtr (set up)安置；架置The general mounted the cannons on the walls.mount [sth] vtr (computer disk, drive) (光盘等)安装，安放You need to mount the drive to give all users access to it.mourn for [sb/sth] vi + prep (grieve)为…哀悼；为…感到悲痛The whole family is mourning for Julie, who died last week.朱莉上周去世了，全家都为她的死感到悲痛。mourn [sth] vtr (be sad about [sth])为…感到悲伤；为…感到遗憾The students mourned the end of summer.夏日将尽，学生们为此感到悲伤。mouth [sth] vtr (say without noise)做口型说So the kids wouldn't hear, she just mouthed the word "candy".为了不让孩子们听见，她用嘴形说出了“糖果”二字。mouth [sth] vtr (chew)嚼The dog mouthed the ball.狗嚼着玩具球。move to [sth] vi + prep (change position, location) (把位置等)转移到，换到Amy moved to a seat near the front of the room.艾米换到了一个靠房间前面的位置。move to [sth] vi + prep (turn attention to) (把注意力)改变到，转到I want to move to the question of how we are to finance this project.我想把话题转到我们要如何为该项目筹措经费上来。move to do [sth] v expr (take action)采取行动He moved to open the door but she grabbed his arm.他要去开门，不过她抓住了他的胳膊。move [sth] vtr (change position, location of)移动；挪动；给…换地方I moved the car closer to the house.我把车挪得靠近房子一点。move to do [sth] vi + prep (make a proposal)提议The council member moved to adjourn the session.move [sb] to do [sth] vtr + prep (impel emotionally)因感动而做某事Karen was moved to take in the stray dogs.move [sth] vtr (change residence)搬家She moved apartments twice last year.move [sb] to (do) [sth] vtr + prep (cause, provoke)导致某人做某事；促使某人做某事His actions moved her to call the police.move [sth] vtr (advance: a game piece)走一步棋；走棋He moved his piece forward four spaces.move [sth] vtr (put in motion)活动；运动He moved his arms up and down.他上上下下活动着胳膊。move [sth] vtr informal (sell: goods, merchandise)卖；出售We have to move the merchandise before the end of the fiscal year.我们必须在财政年度结束前将货物卖掉。move [sth] away vtr + adv (place at a greater distance)把…放置在较远的地方；把...移开；把...放远些The mother moved the glass away, out of the child's reach.母亲把玻璃杯放到孩子们够不到的地方。move away from [sth/sb] v expr (step further from)远离，离开Alice moved away from the rubbish bin when she noticed the bad smell.move [sth] away from [sb/sth] v expr (place at a greater distance from)搬离The mother moved the glass away from the child's reach.move [sth] back vtr + adv (place in previous location)把…搬回；挪回We had moved the furniture to the sides of the room to create space for people to dance at the party, and the next day we moved it back.move [sth] back vtr + adv (shift backwards)把...搬回The sofa needs to be moved back - it doesn't look good there.Maria moved her chair back, as it was too close to the fire.move closer to [sth/sb] v expr (relocate to be nearer to [sth], [sb])去离...更近的地方move [sth] forward vtr + adv (place closer to the front)把...移动到靠前的位置；把…向前推进；把...放到前面来In order to rotate the stock, move the old product forward and put the new product behind it on the shelf.要周转存货，把旧货放到架子上靠前的位置，把新货放到旧货的后面。move through [sth] v expr (travel through a place)穿过；越过；走过The army is currently moving through the forest on their way to the city.move toward [sth/sb], move towards vi + prep (approach, get closer to)走向，靠近As we moved towards the stadium, we could hear the cheers of the crowd.move toward [sth], move towards vi + prep figurative (tend towards)朝…发展，过渡到An increasing number of businesses are moving towards cloud computing.move toward doing [sth], move towards v expr figurative (tend towards)朝…发展，转而做More companies are moving towards allowing their employees to work from home on certain days.moved by [sth] adj + prep (emotionally affected)被…感动的I was so moved by the music, I felt like crying.我被音乐感动，直想哭。mow [sth] vtr (grass, lawn)修剪，割Peter mowed his lawn.muck [sth] vtr (clear: animal's living quarters)打扫；清除…的污物When the children were taught how to take care of horses, they learned how to muck the stalls.mud [sth] vtr (put mud on)用泥涂；用泥糊The villager mudded the straw hut to seal it.村民用泥糊稻草屋，以此来使其密不透风。muddle [sth] vtr (objects: mix up, jumble)把…混在一起；使混作一团Someone's muddled the records so I can't make sense of them.有人把记录全打乱了，我根本分不清楚。muddle [sth] with [sth] vtr figurative (ideas: confuse, mix up)将...与...混淆You've muddled your evidence: no-one can follow you any more.你把论据搞混了，没有人能听懂。muddy [sth] vtr (make dirty)弄脏；让...沾上泥The little girl muddied her dress when she jumped in a puddle.那个小女孩踩水坑玩，弄脏了自己的裙子。muddy [sth] vtr figurative (make less clear: ideas, results)使不清楚；使显得难以理解The debater tried to muddy the argument with a lot of pointless information.这位辩论者试图用许多无意义的信息来搅乱论证。muff [sth] vtr slang (perform clumsily, wrongly)做错He muffed the words of the song and the audience started laughing.muffle [sth] vtr (sound: deaden)使...出不来； (声音)掩盖I had to muffle my child's cries during the movie.muffle [sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (cover warmly with [sth])把某人裹在…里；用…围住某人When you visit Canada, make sure to muffle yourself in a warm, down coat.muffle [sth] vtr figurative (repress)抑制；压制Ernest tried to muffle his rage.mug up on [sth] v expr UK, informal (study)攻读；学习；研究mulch [sth] vtr (cover with compost)给...施堆肥；以堆肥覆盖Our gardener mulches the lawn once a month.mulct [sth] of [sb] vtr + prep formal, dated (take fraudulently)欺骗某人的某物；骗取某人的某物mull [sth] vtr (heat and spice: wine) (指葡萄酒)加糖或香料等加热Kate mulled some wine and invited her friends over.mull [sth] vtr (think about)仔细琢磨；认真思考Tom liked to drink wine while mulling the issues of the day.multiply [sth] by [sth] vtr + prep (times by a number)将...乘以Multiply the figure in column A by 20.multiply [sth] vtr (make more numerous)使成倍增加，使大量增加Good preparation multiplies your chances of success.mumble [sth] vtr (muffled speech)嘟囔；含混地说Tom mumbled some excuse about being sick and left work.汤姆嘟嘟囔囔地找着借口，说自己病了，所以提早下班走了。munch [sth] vtr (chew noisily)大声咀嚼Who's munching popcorn so loudly?munch [sth] vtr (eat enthusiastically)津津有味地吃I was munching an apple when my tooth broke.munch on [sth] vi + prep (eat enthusiastically)大吃；饕餮；贪吃The kids were happily munching on pizza.munge [sth] vtr informal (manipulate: computer data)对...进行篡改munge together [sth] and [sth] vtr + adv (combine: computer data)将...与...篡改在一起murmur [sth] vtr (say quietly)咕哝，低声嘟哝；低声说The shy boy murmured "I love you" under his breath.那个男孩很害羞，低声说了句“我爱你”。murmur [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (tell quietly)对某人低声说She murmured her answer to me and quietly left.muscle [sth] vtr (push, force)用力推开；用蛮力推Kyle muscled the door open.凯尔用蛮力推开了门。muse on [sth], muse over [sth], muse about [sth] vi + prep (ponder, consider)沉思；冥想He took weeks to muse on the question before putting pen to paper.muss [sth] vtr US (make messy, untidy)使凌乱；使不整洁muster [sth] vtr (summon: courage, energy) (勇气等)鼓起，积聚起Bob mustered his courage and went for it.鲍勃鼓起勇气，着手去做了。muster [sth/sb] vtr (assemble: troops, soldiers)召集；集合The sergeant mustered his soldiers.中士将自己手下的士兵召集起来。mute [sth] vtr (sound: deaden, muffle)消音；关闭声音mute [sth] vtr (TV: turn off sound)静音Please mute the TV while your father is talking.mutilate [sb/sth] vtr (maim, disfigure)使伤残The car accident mutilated the poor boy.那场车祸让那个可怜的男孩伤残了。mutter [sth] vtr (utter indistinctly)小声地说，低声地说；嘟嘟囔囔地说Antony looked embarrassed and muttered an excuse.安东尼看起来很不好意思，低声地说了个借口。muzzle [sth] vtr (put muzzle on animal)给（动物）带上口套；给（动物）带上嘴套The vet muzzled the aggressive dog to prevent it biting anyone.mythicize [sth/sb], also UK: mythicise [sth/sb] vtr (turn into a myth)将…神化mythicize [sth], also UK: mythicise [sth] vtr (interpret [sth] as myth)将…诠释为神话mythologize [sth/sb], also UK: mythologise [sth/sb] vtr (make mythical)神化；为...造神nab [sth] vtr slang (steal) (俚语)偷盗，窃取The thieves nabbed my iPhone when I wasn't looking.小偷趁我不注意偷走了我的iPhone。nab [sth] from [sb], nab [sth] off [sb] vtr + prep slang (steal from)从...偷盗The pickpocket nabbed wallets from tourists.nag [sb] about [sth] vtr + prep (remind constantly)就…不停唠叨I wish my parents would stop nagging me about the dangers of smoking.我真希望我父母不要再就吸烟的危害不停唠叨我了。nag [sb] to do [sth] v expr (remind constantly)不停催促某人做某事Paul nagged his wife to go to the doctor.保罗不停催促自己的妻子去看医生。nail [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (attach using a nail) (用钉子)钉牢，固定Ben nailed a flier to the wall.本将一张传单订在墙上。nail [sth] vtr (attach using a nail)钉；用钉子钉Miranda nailed the picture hook into the wall. Carrie nailed the sign high up on the door.米兰达将画框钉在墙上。嘉丽把指示牌用钉子高高地钉在门上。nail [sth] vtr figurative, slang (accomplish perfectly)完美完成The gymnast nailed the dismount.体操运动员完美完成了下杠。nail [sth] vtr figurative, slang (sports: throw, kick) (体育)击出，打出The batter nailed the ball hard.击球手用力打出一球。nail [sth] vtr figurative (focus on)集中注意力于；聚焦于The detective nailed his attention to the case.侦探将精力集中在这个案子上。nail [sth] vtr figurative (detect a lie)戳穿；戳破Karen nailed her husband's lie when she caught him asleep in the park instead of at work.凯伦的丈夫说他在工作，但却被凯伦抓到在公园里睡觉，戳穿了他的谎言。name [sb/sth] vtr (give a name to)说出；说出...的名字Can you name all four members of the Beatles?你能说出披头士乐队所有四个成员的名字吗？name [sb/sth] [sth] vtr (give the name of)给…取名；将...命名为They are going to name the baby Michael. Let's name the song "Furtive Mission".他们要给孩子取名迈克。我们给那首歌取名叫“秘密任务”吧。name [sth] vtr (specify)确定；指定Just name your price, and I'll pay it.name [sb/sth] after [sb/sth] vtr + prep (give the same name as)以…命名We'd like to name the baby after my mother if it's a girl.如果是个女孩，我们想以我母亲的名字命名她。nap [sth] vtr UK (pick a horse) (赛马)预测（某匹马）获胜Richard napped the palomino to win.理查德预测那匹帕洛米诺马会获胜。nap [sth] vtr (fabric: raise short fibres) (面料)使…拉毛The fabric is passed through a machine that naps the surface.nape [sth] vtr US, slang (military: attack with napalm)用凝固汽油弹攻击The soldiers naped the village, destroying all buildings within it.narrate [sth] vtr (tell, recount)叙述；讲述；描述The witness narrated his account of the crime.My uncle would narrate the same tale every time we saw him.目击证人描述了他目睹的罪行。// 我们每次见到叔叔，他都会讲同样的故事。narrate [sth] vtr (provide commentary for)为...作旁白；解说The presenter narrated the slide show for his audience.主持人为听众解说了幻灯片的内容。narrow [sth] vtr (make more narrow)缩小；缩减He narrowed his search to a smaller area.他把搜索范围缩小到更小区域。narrow [sth] vtr figurative (make more limited in scope)缩小...的范围The police have now narrowed their search to a smaller area.警察缩小了搜索范围，在更小的区域中开展行动。narrow [sth] vtr (eyes: half-close in suspicion, etc.) (眼睛，表示怀疑)眯起'Are you sure?' asked Lisa, narrowing her blue eyes at me.narrow [sth] down to [sth], narrow down [sth] to [sth] v expr (possibilities: limit to [sth])把范围缩小到；局限在When choosing a college, it is important to narrow down your options to only three or four colleges.选大学的时候，将你的选择范围缩小到三到四所大学非常重要。nasalize [sth], also UK: nasalise [sth] vtr (pronounce [sth] through the nose)把…发成鼻音；用鼻音发；使鼻音化nationalize [sth], also UK: nationalise [sth] vtr (make [sth] government-run)国有化The movement to nationalize healthcare is unpopular in the US.医疗保健国有化运动在美国并不受追捧。naturalize [sth], also UK: naturalise [sth] vtr (put [sth] in new habitat)使…适应新生长环境The biologists naturalized the endangered frog species in California.navigate [sth] vtr (boat, etc.: steer, direct)给…领航；给…导航；控制It's not easy to navigate a boat into that harbour.navigate [sth] vtr (steer a course through)航行；驾驶This section of the river is difficult to navigate.navigate [sth] vtr figurative (find way through) (比喻)通过，穿越过Were you able to navigate the application process?near [sth/sb] prep (next to, beside) (空间上)邻近的，接近的；附近的Take the bicycle near you.带上你附近的那辆自行车。near to [sb] [sth] prep (close to)在…附近；在…旁边Near her feet, she found a coin.My school is near to my house.她在脚边捡到一枚金币。 // 我家离学校很近。near [sth] prep (time: almost) (时间)大约，几乎It's near nine o'clock.大约九点钟了。near [sth/sb] vtr (approach)靠近；接近The landing plane neared the airport.即将降落的飞机靠近了机场。near [sth], near to [sth] prep figurative (close to: state, condition) (状态)几乎，几近She was near hysteria when we finally got there. The project is near to completion.我们最后到地方的时候，她几乎歇斯底里了。项目几乎要完成了。nearest to [sth] adj + prep (most like)最像I am looking for the color that is nearest to the original green.the nearest to [sth] n (closest thing, person)最接近的人或物, 最相似的人或物What language is the nearest to Welsh?be nearly over [sth] v expr (almost recovered)差不多从…恢复过来，差不多从…缓过神来I am nearly over the shock of being attacked.neaten [sth] vtr (make tidy)使整洁；使整齐；使有条理necessitate [sth] vtr (need, require)需要；要求I'm sorry to inform you that your condition necessitates surgery.很遗憾，您的病需要进行手术。necessitate doing [sth] v expr (make necessary)使...成为必需；使...成为必要The extra guests necessitated our taking two cars.来了额外的客人，所以我们得叫两辆车。neck [sth] vtr informal (drink quickly)一口喝下；一口闷necropsy [sth] vtr (examine dead body)对…进行尸体剖验，对…进行尸检need [sth] vtr (require)需要The body needs food at regular intervals.身体是定时需要食物的。need [sth] vtr (lack, want)需要The homeless shelter needs blankets.流浪者收容所需要毯子。need to do [sth] v expr (find necessary)需要做；有必要I need to go to the toilet.我需要去趟洗手间。need to do [sth] v expr (must)必须，得，不得不I need to help my parents move.我得帮我爸妈搬家。need do [sth], need to do [sth] v expr (be obliged)有必要做；必须You need not go to so much trouble for me.你不必为我这么劳神费力。need for [sth] n (requirement)需要；需求；必要There's a need for clear thinking if we're going to solve this problem.There's no need for that kind of language.如果要解决这个问题，我们就有必要清醒地思考。// 不必说那种话。negate [sth] vtr (disprove)证伪；证明…为假This finding negates the earlier claim that the species is new.这次发现证明了这并非新物种，之前相关的声明是错误的。negate [sth] vtr (make null)使无效；撤销The law is intended to negate a century-old court ruling.该法律意在撤销百年的法庭裁定。negate [sth] vtr (verb, etc.: make negative) (语法)将…变成否定形式In French, "ne ... pas" is used to negate a verb.neglect [sth] vtr (duty)疏忽；玩忽The soldier neglected his duties and was discharged from the military.那位士兵玩忽职守，被开除出了军队。neglect to do [sth] v expr (fail to do)漏做； (指做某事)忘记Fred neglected to keep up with his friends, and slowly lost contact with them.弗莱德忘记和自己的朋友联系，慢慢失去了联络。neglect [sth] vtr (ignore)忽视；忽略；对…视而不见The student chose quotations for his essay with care, neglecting anything that did not support his view.那位学生在为自己的论文选用引言时非常当心，完全忽略那些不支持他论点的文章。negotiate [sth] vtr (agree, arrange)谈成；通过谈判达成Who negotiated the release of the hostages?是谁通过谈判解救出了人质？negotiate [sth] vtr figurative (move past)通过；越过；驶过Be careful how you negotiate the last turn on the road.neighbor [sth] (US), neighbour [sth] (UK) vtr (be near)临近；毗邻the nerve to do [sth] n figurative, informal (excessive boldness) (比喻)做…是吃了熊心豹子胆The guy had the nerve to talk back to his boss.那个人简直是吃了熊心豹子胆，居然敢和老板顶嘴。nest inside [sth] vi + prep (fit inside [sth] larger)套叠The dolls nested inside each other.玩具娃娃层叠相套。nest [sth] inside [sth] vtr + prep (fit inside [sth] larger)使套叠When you do not need to use the tables, you can nest them inside one another.桌子不用的时候可以几个套叠起来。nest [sth] inside [sth] vtr + prep (computing) (计算机)将…嵌套在…中The programmer nested the subroutine inside the main routine.那个程序员将子例程嵌套在主例程中。nestle in [sth] vi + prep figurative (be sheltered) (指位于隐蔽之处)处于，坐落于The cottage nestled in a grove of leafy trees.nestle against [sb/sth] vi + prep (get cosy)依偎；安顿；安顿The baby bird nestled against his mother.nestle [sth] against [sb/sth] vtr + prep (body part: press closely)将头脸或肩膀等贴靠在Ben nestled his chin against his girlfriend's shoulder.net [sth] vtr (catch with net)用网捕捉Brian netted a fish out of the stream.net [sth] vtr (finance) (金融)净得；净获；净赚Ben's business netted about twenty thousand dollars at the end of the first year.net [sth] vtr figurative (collect, catch) (用网)捕捉，抓捕The exterminator netted a large number of rats and then laid traps.灭鼠专家捕捉了大量老鼠，然后又布下了陷阱。net [sth] vtr (make a net)把…织成网The fisherman sat on a stool netting string all morning.捕鱼人坐在凳子上织了一整个上午的渔网。neuter [sth] vtr (remove sex organs of: an animal) (动物)阉割The Smith family neutered their cat before letting him outside.neutralize [sth], also UK: neutralise [sth] vtr (chemistry: make pH neutral) (化学)中和The chemical additive neutralizes the solution.化学添加剂能中和溶液。neutralize [sth], also UK: neutralise [sth] vtr (counteract, negate [sth])抵消The candidate's campaign team tried to neutralize the bad effects of the debate.never mind [sth/sb] v expr informal (pay no attention to)没关系，没什么；不要担心Never mind the spilled tea; I'll just wipe it up and pour you another cup.请不要担心洒掉的茶，我会把它擦干净然后给你重沏一杯。never mind [sth/sb] v expr informal (much less)更不用说, 更别提I haven't got time to make a cup of coffee, never mind a three-course meal.我连喝一杯咖啡的时间都没有，更别提吃一顿三道菜的饭了。new to [sth] adj + prep (person: to place, job)不熟悉；初学乍练；新来乍到；刚刚接触Steven is new to the job, so he often asks for help.She's new to the village and nobody knows her name yet.next door to [sb/sth] adv + prep (in the next house along from)在…隔壁next in line for [sth] n figurative (expected successor)...的接班人；...的继承人next to [sth/sb] prep (beside, adjacent to)挨着；在...旁边The house next to the golf course has great views across the fairway.next to [sth] prep figurative (almost)几乎；差不多It's worth next to nothing in that condition.next to [sth/sb] prep figurative (aside from, after)除...之外；仅次于...I love William; next to my husband, he is my best friend.nibble [sth] vtr (take small bites of)小口地吃Karen nibbled the food slowly.凯伦慢慢小口吃着饭菜。nibble at [sth] vi + prep (take small bites of)小口地咬；一点点地啃The mouse nibbled at the cracker.老鼠啃咬着饼干。nibble [sth] vtr (body part: bite gently) (身体部位)轻咬Laura's lover nibbled her ears.nibble away at [sth] v expr figurative (diminish, decrease)逐渐减少；逐渐减弱nick [sth] vtr (body)伤害；碰伤；擦伤Tom nicked his thumb on his new hunting knife.nick [sth] vtr (object)使有缺口；把…弄出凹痕Bill accidentally nicked the stone counter when he set the pot on it too roughly.nick [sth] vtr US (hit)击中；正好打中Rick nicked his friend on the shoulder.nick [sth] vtr UK, slang (steal) (俚语)偷；偷窃Tim nicked some money from his mother.nick [sth] vtr (a horse)割（马尾的）根部Dan nicked the horse's tail.nickel [sth] vtr (cover with nickel)给…镀镍Cutlery is sometimes nickelled to make it rust-resistant.nickel-plate [sth] vtr (apply a coating of nickel to)镀镍于…之上The door knockers are cast in brass and then nickel-plated.nickname [sb] [sth] vtr (call, name informally)给…起外号叫…；用…的外号称呼…Tom nicknamed his little brother "Fish" because he spent the entire summer in the pool.汤姆给他的小弟弟起了一个外号叫“小鱼”，因为他整个夏天都泡在游泳池里。niello [sth] vtr (decorate with niello)用硫化合物装饰nip [sb/sth] vtr (bite)咬The little dog nipped my finger when I tried to stroke it.我本想摸摸那只小狗，没料到手指被咬了一口。nip [sth] vtr figurative (cold, frost: affect) (严寒的天气)冻得人发疼，冻得人麻木，（寒风）凛冽；冻住；结霜；上冻The frost nipped the flowers.冰霜冻住了花朵。nip [sth] vtr (cold: cause pain)使…冻得发疼；冻伤The cold air nipped the women's faces.冷空气冻伤了那个女人的脸。nip [sth] off [sth] vtr + prep (pick)把…从…掐下来；从...摘下...Kate nipped a few young fruits off the peach tree so the others would grow bigger.凯特从桃树上摘下几个没熟的果子，好让其他果子长得更大些。nip to [sth] vi + prep informal, UK (go somewhere quickly)跑一趟；赶快去...一趟Can you nip to the shops and pick up a newspaper?你能去店里跑一趟买份报纸吗？nip at [sth] vi + prep (sip)小口地抿；小口喝Nate slowly nipped at his drink.nip [sth] from [sb/sth] vtr + prep US (steal)从…偷走nip [sth] vtr (pinch, catch)抓到；捏到Kyle nipped a fly out of the air because it was annoying him.nip [sth/sb] vtr (defeat narrowly)险胜We nipped the other team to win the cup.nip [sth] in the bud v expr figurative (stop developing further)把…掐死在摇篮中；把…扼杀在萌芽状态Her son took up smoking, but she nipped that in the bud by making him smoke an entire pack.nitrate [sth] vtr (chemistry: treat with nitrate)用硝酸处理...nitrate [sth] vtr (chemistry: convert to nitrate)使...硝化nix [sth] vtr US, informal (forbid, say no to)禁止；拒绝The boss nixed my request to take longer lunch breaks.no end of [sth] adj (numerous)很多的；大量的He has had no end of troubles in his short life.no end of [sth] adj (continuous)无穷无尽的，接连不断的；非常，极其My teenage daughters cause me no end of trouble.no end to [sth] expr (continuous)…无望结束There's no end to the fun you can have in New York City!be no stranger to [sth] v expr (be familiar with)熟悉；见惯He is no stranger to hard work.it's no use doing [sth], there's no use doing [sth] expr (it is pointless)没有帮助的；没有用的It's no use calling out his name, he can't hear you any more.there's no use in doing [sth], there's no point doing [sth], there's no point in doing [sth] expr (it is pointless)没有用的；无济于事的；于事无补的There's no point in asking Jake if you can borrow his car; he'll say no.There's no use in telling me now that I shouldn't put that vase there; you should have mentioned it before I knocked it over and broke it.no way out, no way out of [sth] n figurative (no escape) (比喻)无处可逃，束手无策There is no way out of the situation we are in.nobble [sth] vtr UK, slang (racehorse: drug to stop winning)用药阻止...取胜nock [sth] vtr (fit an arrow to a bow)将弓弦挂在弧口上The archer nocked an arrow onto her bow.a nod to [sb/sth] n figurative (allusion)致敬；致意There was definitely a nod to Ray Charles in the musician's melody.这位音乐家所作的旋律中肯定有向雷·查尔斯致敬的意味。nod [sth] vtr (head: move up and down)上下摇晃（脑袋）；点（头）He nodded his head in affirmation.他点头表示肯定。nominalize [sth], also UK: nominalise [sth] vtr (grammar: convert to a noun) (语法)名词化nominate [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep often passive (propose: for award)提名…为He was nominated in the "Best Actor" category but did not win the award.nominate [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep often passive (appoint: [sb] to [sth])任命…为Lucy was nominated to the school board this year.；nominate [sb] to do [sth] v expr (propose: [sb])提议某人做某事I nominate you to go and get us some ice cream.the noon of [sth] n literary, figurative (high point)最高点；全盛时期Tom's life was ruined right at the noon of his career.noose [sth] vtr (animal: trap)用陷阱捕捉Aaron noosed a rabbit.noose [sth] vtr (make a noose)把…打成套索Tim noosed the string.normalize [sth], also UK: normalise [sth] vtr (treat [sth] as normal)使正常；使正常化It's important not to normalize abusive or unpleasant behaviour.normalize [sth], also UK: normalise [sth] vtr (database: reduce redundancy) (数据库)使规范化备注: 去除重复的数据，增加数据的一致性The developers are currently normalizing the database.nose [sth] vtr (push with the nose)用鼻子拱The dog nosed the door so he could pass through.nose for [sth] n figurative (instinct for detecting [sth])嗅觉；洞察力With her nose for a good story, Sandy will make an excellent journalist.not agree with [sth] v expr (object to, not share)不同意；不赞成I do not agree with your answer.not be affected by [sth/sb] v expr (be indifferent to)不为…所动No human being can witness suffering on this scale and not be affected by it.not be affected by [sth] v expr (not feel consequences of)不受到…的影响Residents of mountain communities will not be affected by tsunamis.not be entitled to [sth], not be entitled to do [sth] v expr (to have no right to do [sth])无权做某事I am not a member of the forum so I am not entitled to post questions.not be good for doing [sth] v expr (not be useful in)对…没用；不能用于A bicycle pump is not good for inflating a car tire.not care for [sth/sb] v expr (dislike)不喜欢Generally, I don't care for white wines - I much prefer reds.not comparable to [sth], not comparable with [sth] adj (totally different)不能相提并论的；与…完全不同的Art is not comparable to Literature.not comparable to [sth] adj (superior)比不上…的；比…差的His talent is not comparable to anyone else's.not do justice to [sth/sb], not do [sth/sb] justice v expr (not show well)对…不能得尽其妙；不能充分显示出…的优点That photograph does not do justice to her beauty.not far from [sth] expr (fairly close to)离…不远的；隔…近的The park is not far from here, carry on down this street then turn left.not feel like [sth], not feel like doing [sth] v expr (not want to do)不想做I don't feel like going out tonight.not hesitate to do [sth] vtr (act immediately to)毫不犹豫地做某事；立即做某事If you misbehave again, I will not hesitate to contact your parents.not lose sight of [sth/sb] v expr (keep in view)不要让…离开视线范围Do not lose sight of your children around water.not lose sight of [sth] v expr figurative (remain focused on)没有忽略；没有忘记Don't lose sight of your goal, you're almost there.not meddle in [sth] v expr (avoid interfering in)不要干涉；不要插手；别掺和I wish my mother wouldn't meddle in my plans.not proceed with [sth] v expr (terminate, cancel)不再继续；结束；停止；取消When we found out how expensive the goods were, we did not proceed with the order.not put [sth] past [sb] v expr (think [sb] capable of doing [sth])认为某人能够做某事not shrink from [sth] v expr (face bravely)不退缩；不回避Soldiers need to not shrink from their duties even in the heat of battle.not square with [sth] v expr informal (be inconsistent)与…不一致；和…不相符Your tale does not square with the facts as we know them.not take kindly to [sth] v expr (not welcome)不乐意接受；不宽容对待I do not take kindly to people who don't know me calling me 'honey'.not think much of [sth/sb] v expr informal (be unimpressed by)对…评价不高I did not think much of that artist's new exhibit, I thought it was trite.not to be mistaken for [sth/sb], not to be confused with [sth/sb] expr (as distinct from [sth] else)不要与...弄错；不可与…搞混notarize [sth], also UK: notarise [sth] vtr (validate, certify [sth])对…进行公证The secretary is a notary, so she can notarize your affidavit here in the office.notate [sth] vtr (music, etc.: write down)用符号记下notch [sth] vtr (create a notch)在…上打眼；在…上刻痕；在…上开槽口Ben notched the tree to mark his height.notch [sth] vtr (record with a notch)刻痕记数The prisoner notched yet another day on the wall of his cell.notch [sth] vtr figurative (achieve, score) (比喻)获得；取得The young racehorse notched his fifth win today.notch [sth] onto [sth] vtr + prep (nock: fit arrow to bowstring) (箭: 搭在弓弦上)把…搭在…上Robin Hood notched another arrow onto his bow.notch up [sth], notch [sth] up vi + adv (increase)增加；增强The discovery of another dead body in chapter 2 serves to notch up the tension.note [sth] vtr (observe)注意到；留意到She noted that he was not wearing his ring.她注意到他没戴戒指。note [sth] vtr (write down)写下；记下They noted all the problems on a piece of paper.note [sth] vtr (mention, say)提到；指出When he noted that the house needed repair, she agreed.noteworthy for [sth] adj + prep (remarkable for)在…方面值得注意；以…著称The art of Frida Kahlo is noteworthy for its use of religious symbols.弗里达·卡罗的艺术创作以采用宗教标识而著称。nothing less than [sth], nothing short of [sth] expr (with noun: only)只有Nothing short of a full apology will mollify him.nothing less than [sth], nothing short of [sth] expr (with adjective: utterly)十足，简直His behaviour was nothing short of rude.be nothing to do with [sb], have nothing to do with [sth] v expr (not concern [sb])与...无关Stop listening in to our conversation; this is nothing to do with you.be nothing to do with [sth/sb], have nothing to do with [sth/sb] v expr (be unrelated)与…没有关系；与…不相干You would think that volcanoes have nothing to do with the weather, but they do.My bad mood today has nothing to do with the weather.have nothing to do with [sth] v expr (not get involved)不干涉...；不插足...；不插手...I'll have nothing to do with your plan to steal gold from Fort Knox.nothing to say about [sth] prep (no information or opinion about)无话可说When the reporter asked about his alleged affair, he answered "I have nothing to say about that."notice [sb/sth] vtr (become aware of [sth/sb]'s presence)注意到；留心到Has he noticed you yet?他注意到你了么？notice [sth/sb] vtr (pay attention to)注意；观察Notice the road signs ahead.be notified of [sth] v expr (be advised or informed of [sth]) (信息)收到；被通知I was notified of Peter's death on Monday.我周一才收到彼得的死讯。notify [sb] of [sth] vtr + prep (inform of)把…告知；将…通知Matthew wrote to notify his boss of his intention to resign.马修写信通知老板他打算辞职。notify [sth] to [sth/sb] vtr + prep UK, formal, often passive (register officially)正式向...发出...的通知；正式告知某人某事；正式向...进行...的注册Deaths are required by law to be notified to a registrar within five days.novelize [sth], also UK: novelise [sth] vtr (fictionalize [sth] as a novel)使小说化；将…改写为小说a novice at [sth] n (beginner at [sth])某方面的初学者I'm trying to design an entire website although I'm a novice at HTML.nudge [sb/sth] vtr (small push)用肘轻推，轻推Stacy nudged Jake awake as they reached the bus stop.到达公交车车站后，斯特西轻轻推醒了杰克。nuke [sth] vtr informal (attack or destroy with nuclear weapons) (非正式用语)用核武器毁灭；用核武器摧毁They nuked a Pacific island as a test.nuke [sth] vtr figurative, slang (microwave)用微波炉加热Nuke the soup for a couple of minutes and then serve.nullify [sth] vtr (make void)使…无效；使…作废Both parties agreed to nullify the contract.nullify [sth] vtr (negate, undo)废弃；取消The budget cuts nullified all plans for expansion.numb to [sth] adj + prep figurative (desensitized) (精神)麻木的，迟钝的City people often become numb to the suffering of the homeless.城镇居民往往对于流浪汉的遭遇表现得麻木不仁。numb [sth/sb] vtr (make numb)使失去知觉，使麻木；使麻木，使迟钝The dentist numbed my mouth before he began working on my teeth.在给我治疗牙齿之前，牙医先给我打了一点麻醉药，使我的嘴失去知觉。numb [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep figurative, often passive (desensitize to effects of [sth])使...对...麻木It's arguable that action movies numb us to the true effects of violence.动作片使我们对暴力行为的真实影响麻木不仁，这一点还有待争议。number [sth] vtr (equal, total)总计；共计The butterflies here number over a thousand.这里的蝴蝶总数超过一千只。number [sth] vtr (assign numbers)给…编号She numbered the pages from one to ten by hand.她从一到十给这些纸张标上手写编号。number [sth] at [sth] vtr (count)数出…的数目为…I number the candies at over five hundred. Am I right?我数出来的糖的数目是500多个。我数得对吗？number [sth/sb] vtr (include)把…算作；把…计入，把…归入The band numbered quite a few students among its fan base.该乐队将不少学生计入自己的粉丝群。number among [sth] vi + prep (be one of)把…归为；把…包括进This school numbers among the top ten schools in the nation.number [sb/sth] among [sth] vtr + prep (include in)把…算成；把…归作Some people believe that Mother Theresa should be numbered among the saints.numerate [sth] vtr (enumerate, count)数；列举Let me numerate the reasons why I don't want to date you: you're lazy, stupid, and ugly.nurse [sb/sth] vtr (tend to: [sb], [sth] sick)照顾；照护She was able to nurse the bird back to health.她照顾鸟，直到它痊愈。nurse [sth] vtr (take care of: illness)护理；照料He nursed his cold for two weeks.nurse [sth] vtr figurative (drink slowly)慢慢地喝；啜饮He nursed his beer for two hours.nurse a hope of doing [sth] v expr (dream of doing [sth])梦想做某事a nursery for [sb/sth] n figurative (nurturing place) (比喻)温床，温室The school was a nursery for the greatest minds in the country.nurture [sth] vtr (plants, animals) (动植物)培育，养育A good gardener nurtures and cares for his plants.一位好的园丁会培育、照顾自己的植物。nurture [sth] vtr (support: arts, etc.) (艺术等)支持，扶持The city nurtured its education system and it now has the best students in the state.这座城市扶持教育系统，现在全州最好的学生都在这里。nurture [sth] vtr (cultivate: a feeling) (某种情感)培养，滋长The more you nurture a feeling of calm, the happier you will be.你越是培养平静感，就会越开心。be nuts about [sth] v expr slang (activity, thing: like intensely) (俚语)热爱；痴迷于I do like peanut butter, but I'm nuts about chocolate!nuzzle [sb/sth] vtr (nudge with the nose)用鼻子轻轻蹭；鼻子轻碰；用鼻子爱抚Chelsea likes to nuzzle her kitten's neck.obey [sb/sth] vtr (do as told)服从，听…的话；顺从；遵守Children should obey their parents.孩子应该听父母的话。obey [sth] vtr (comply with: [sth]) (法律等)遵守；遵从Everyone should obey the law.每个人都应当遵守法律。obey [sth] vtr (follow, correspond with)受…控制，遵循Everything in the universe obeys the laws of physics.宇宙万物都要遵循物理规律。obey [sth] vtr (respond quickly)对…反应迅速This sports car obeys the slightest touch on the wheel.这辆运动跑车对方向盘最轻微的转动都反应迅速。obfuscate [sth] vtr (confuse: an issue) (问题等)使...混乱，使...不易明了； (比喻)将...的水搅浑The politician deliberately obfuscated the issue in order to trick the public.obfuscate [sth] vtr (subject: make unclear)使...模糊；使...让人困惑Keep it simple; you are obfuscating the problem with extra information.object to [sth] vi + prep (disagree with)不赞成；不同意Ann objected to Ben's participation in the project.安不同意本参加这个项目。object to [sth] vi + prep (oppose)反对；不赞成Helen objects to the plan for a new road.海伦反对修新路的计划。object to doing [sth] v expr (be opposed to, disagree with [sth])反对做…；不同意做…The worker objected to having to work late since he wouldn't get paid for the extra hours.工人没有加班工资，所以不同意加班加点工作。objectify [sth] vtr (make less abstract)使…具体化The professor objectified the theory by giving an example.obligate [sb] to do [sth] v expr formal (oblige morally, legally)使…负责；使…承担义务The court obligated the father to pay child support every month.obligate [sth] vtr formal (money: pay as security)预留be obligated to do [sth] v expr (be morally or legally bound to do)有义务做Parents are obligated to provide food and shelter for their children.feel obligated to do [sth] v expr (feel morally or legally bound to do)感觉有义务做；oblige [sb] to do [sth] v expr (force, obligate [sb] to do [sth])使某人负有义务做某事，使某人（在道义或法律上）负有做某事的责任，迫使Daniel's behaviour obliged his mother to apologise on his behalf.丹尼尔的行为让他妈妈不得不代他道歉。be obliged to do [sth] v expr (be forced, bound to do)有责任做某事；必须做某事be obliged to [sb] for [sth] v expr (be grateful, indebted)对...感激；对...感恩obliterate [sth] vtr (destroy)破坏；损坏The bombardment obliterated the defenseless village.My mother's harsh criticism obliterated my self-esteem.obliterate [sth] vtr (obscure, conceal)遮蔽；遮掩Thick fog had obliterated the surrounding landscape.oblivious to [sb/sth] adj + prep (not conscious of [sb], [sth])没有察觉到…的，没有意识到…的，没有注意到…的Henry wandered through the crowd, lost in his own thoughts, oblivious to others.亨利沉浸在自己的思绪中，在人群中穿行，完全没有意识到别人的存在。obscure [sth] vtr (conceal)遮掩；遮蔽；遮盖They used curtains to obscure holes in the walls.他们挂起帘子，遮住墙上的破洞。observe [sth/sb] vtr (watch [sth], [sb])看到，察觉到，注意到I observed a man walking along the street.我看到有个男人在街上行走。observe [sth/sb] vtr (study [sth], [sb])观察；观测The doctor observed her patient for twenty-four hours to make sure he was cured.医生观察了病人24小时，确保病人已痊愈。observe [sth] vtr (comment on: [sth] noticed)评论；评价"That was very brave," John observed.“那个行为非常勇敢。”约翰评价道。observe [sth] vtr (custom: keep, respect) (某种习俗等)遵守，奉行People often observe a minute's silence on Armistice Day.在停战日，人们常常会默哀一分钟。observe [sth] vtr (date: commemorate)庆祝； (节日)过The Irish observe St Patrick's Day.爱尔兰人庆祝圣帕特里克节。obsess over [sth], obsess about [sth] vi + prep (be overly preoccupied with sthg)不断想着…而深受困扰；太过沉迷于She's constantly obsessing about her weight.be obsessed with [sth/sb] v expr (be fixated on [sth/sb])着迷于；痴迷于James is obsessed with trains, and knows a huge amount about them.詹姆斯痴迷于火车，知道很多关于火车的知识。obsolete [sth] vtr (make obsolete)淘汰；废弃Every year the company releases a new model that obsoletes the old one.obstruct [sth/sb] vtr (block)阻塞，阻挡The fallen rocks obstructed the road.obstruct [sth] vtr figurative (block, hinder)妨碍；阻挠The law will not allow money to obstruct justice.obstruct [sb] from doing [sth] v expr figurative (hinder, prevent)阻挡；阻碍Fear should not obstruct an officer from doing his duty.obtain [sth] vtr (get, acquire [sth])获得；取得；弄到After four years at Oxford, Lisa obtained a doctorate.丽莎在牛津大学攻读四年后，获得了博士学位。obtrude [sth] on [sb] vtr + prep (impose, thrust: [sth] on [sb])将...强加于；强迫...接受obtrude [sth] vtr (push [sth] forward) 没有提供翻译 obviate [sth] vtr (make unnecessary)避免；使...不必要Our plan to travel south will obviate the need for warm clothes.occasion [sth] vtr formal (bring about [sth]) (正式用语)引起；惹出；带来；导致Charlie's behaviour has occasioned much heartache.occlude [sth] vtr (close off, block)堵塞；阻塞；闭塞occupy [sth] vtr (room, space: inhabit) (房屋、建筑)住，居住； (空间)占用A rock star and his band are occupying the penthouse suite.顶层套房里住着一位摇滚明星和他的乐队。occupy [sth] vtr (fill: time) (时间)打发How did you occupy your time while you were ill?你生病时如何打发时间？occupy [sth] vtr (military: invade, control) (军事)占据；占领This province has been occupied by various foreign countries.该省经历过多个外国的占领。occupy [sth] vtr (be employed in: a post) (职位，职务)担任，从事ocher [sth] (US), ochre [sth] (UK) vtr (colour with ochre)给...涂上黄土色octuple [sth] vtr (make eight times bigger)使成八倍；乘以八倍OD on [sth] vi + prep informal, initialism (overdose on [sth]) (缩略词)用药过量It is easy to OD on painkillers.be off [sth] vi + prep (no longer using)停用Are you off the phone yet?你还没有挂电话吧？be off to [sth] v expr (leaving for somewhere)动身去...；前往...；去...I'm off to work now. See you tonight!be off to do [sth] v expr (leaving to do [sth])离开去做…She tells me she's off to make her fortune in the world of modelling.offend [sth/sb] vtr (be disagreeable)使...不愉快；使...不舒服That smell offends my nose.offend [sth] vtr (violate, transgress)违反；触犯This book offends the morals of our community.offend against [sth] vi + prep (violate values, rules) (法律、规则等)违反，触犯offer [sb] [sth] vtr (propose to give)给予某人某物；将...提供给He offered her some potato chips.他主动给她提供了些薯条。offer [sth] vtr (make [sth] available)给予；提供We are offering a huge reward for the safe return of our dog.我们悬赏一大笔钱让我们的狗狗平安回家。offer [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (propose to give [sth])主动提议将某物给某人；将某物让给某人You should offer your last sweet to your sister.你应该把你最后的糖果让给妹妹。offer [sb] [sth] vtr (make available to)向某人提供某事；给予某人某物I offered him my help.我向他提供自己的帮助。offer to do [sth] v expr (propose)提议做某事；建议做某事I offered to carry the old lady's shopping bags for her.我提议为那位老妇人提购物袋。offer [sb] [sth] vtr (propose to pay)给某人报某种价格；给某人开出某种价格They've offered us three hundred thousand on the house.他们开出30万元的价格来买我们的房子。offer [sth] vtr (give: as sacrifice)献（祭）；奉献They offered it as a sacrifice to the gods.offer [sth], offer [sth] to [sb] vtr (give a prayer, etc.)为...献上He went to church and offered a prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary.offer [sth] vtr (put up: resistance, etc.) (抵抗等)进行，作出The criminal did not offer any attempt to resist when the police caught him.offer [sth] for sale v expr (put on the market)卖出；出售Please offer for sale my share of the project, I need the money for something else.officially recognize [sth/sb], also UK: officially recognise [sth/sb] adv + vtr (confer legal status)正式承认Many Western countries have officially recognised Kosovo.许多西方国家都已正式承认了科索沃。officially recognize [sth/sb] as [sth], also UK: officially recognise [sth/sb] as [sth] v expr (confer specific legal status)将…正式承认为British Sign Language was officially recognised as a language of the UK in 2003.offload [sth], off-load [sth] vtr (cargo: unload) (指货物)卸下The sailors offloaded the cargo.offload [sth] onto [sth], off-load [sth] onto [sth] vtr + prep (cargo: unload)卸货The workers were offloading the cargo onto the waiting trucks.offload [sth] vtr figurative, informal (get rid of)摆脱；解除Susan wanted to offload the feeling of anxiety she felt in her chest.offload [sth] onto [sb], off-load [sth] onto [sb], offload [sth] on [sb], off-load [sth] on [sb] vtr + prep figurative, informal (pass something unwanted on to)转手I managed to offload that awful project onto Audrey.offload [sth], off-load [sth] vtr figurative (divulge [sth] worrying)倾吐，吐露Carol felt a great sense of relief once she had offloaded her secret.offload [sth] onto [sb], off-load [sth] onto [sb] vtr + prep figurative ([sth] worrying: tell [sb])减轻Angie offloaded her concerns onto her best friend.offset [sth] vtr (counterbalance [sth])弥补；补偿The gains offset the losses.收益弥补了损失。offset [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep (counterbalance [sth] with [sth])使…和…互相抵消You can offset any loss you make in a year against your profits.你可以使你一年所造成的损失和利润相互抵消。offset [sth] vtr (printing: transfer)把…胶印出来；平版印刷We need to offset this printing job.这印刷工作需要我们进行胶印。offshore [sth] vtr (relocate abroad)将...离岸；把...移至境外The company has offshored its manufacturing operations to China.这家公司将离岸制造厂设在了中国。the offspring of [sth] n figurative (result)后果；产物That machine is the offspring of Amanda's creative mind.ogle [sb/sth] vtr (stare at lustfully)向…抛媚眼；送秋波；对…垂涎The teenage boys ogled the women in the magazine.oil [sth] vtr (lubricate)给…上油润滑He oiled the door because it was squeaking.他给吱嘎乱响的门上了点润滑油。OK [sth], O.K., okay vtr informal (approve, agree to)批准；许可Has the boss OK'd the proposal yet?老板已经批准了这份提议了吗？an old hand at [sth] n figurative, informal (experienced person)...的老手；...技能熟练的人；...经验丰富的人You'll do well to follow his advice; he's an old hand at this business.omit [sth/sb] vtr (leave [sth] out)删除，省略；遗漏，忽略Alex omitted part of the story that wasn't suitable for children.omit to do [sth] v expr (fail to do [sth])没有做；忘记做Angela omitted to send David an invitation to the party.be on to [sth], be onto [sth] v expr informal (have: a promising idea) (非正式用语)对…有头绪了Open a crèche in the office? You could be on to a good idea there.在办公室开设托儿服务？你这主意不错。on a par with [sth] expr (equivalent)与…同等，和…一样on account of [sth] expr (because of, due to)因为；由于The picnic is canceled on account of the rain.因为下雨，野餐取消了。on board with [sth] adj + prep figurative, informal (in agreement, support)赞同；同意；支持Make sure your whole team is on board with this before you go ahead.在你开始之前，请确保你的整个团队都同意这一点。be on tap for [sth] expr US, figurative, informal (scheduled to take place)将出现；会发生on the back of [sth] expr (as a result of [sth])由于；因为on the back of [sth] expr (using the strength of [sth])凭借；借助on the back of [sth] expr (soon after [sth])随后on the basis of [sth] prep (on given grounds)基于...；根据...；以...为基础Candidates will be judged on the basis of their performance at interview.on the brink of [sth] prep figurative (very close to [sth] occurring)在…的边缘The Mexican Grey Wolf was on the brink of extinction, but conservation efforts are bringing it back.on the brink of doing [sth] prep (about to do [sth])濒临；即将做某事的She was on the brink of committing suicide when she called the crisis hotline.on the cusp of [sth] prep figurative (on the threshold of [sth])在...的边缘；即将Owen is on the cusp of a breakthrough in his therapy.on the dot of [sth] expr informal (time: precisely at)准时在...点；...准点The garage promised my car would be ready by 4 pm and they rang me on the dot of 4 to confirm that I could pick it up.on the far side of [sth] expr (at the distant end)远端；较远一侧on the fringes of [sth] expr (outside the mainstream)在...边缘；在...主流之外go on the hunt for [sth/sb] v expr (look for [sth], [sb])搜寻；寻找When he turned 18, Ron went on the hunt for his biological parents.be on the hunt for [sth/sb] v expr (look for [sth], [sb])搜寻；寻找My cat is always on the hunt for mice and birds.be on the lookout for [sth] v expr (be alert to the possibility of)警惕, 小心Beth is always on the lookout for bargains at the supermarket.keep on the lookout for [sth/sb], stay on the lookout for [sth/sb] v expr (remain vigilant for)警惕；留意Stay on the lookout for any suspicious activity in your neighborhood.on the order of [sth] (US), of the order of [sth] (UK) expr (with this order of magnitude)以...的程度；以...的严重性on the outside of [sth] expr (on the exterior of)在…外面The artist was commissioned to paint a mural on the outside of the building.on the point of [sth] expr (close to [sth])面临，濒临；几近，接近The country's largest bank is on the point of collapse.on the point of doing [sth] expr (about to do [sth])正在…的时候；即将；濒临She was on the point of leaving when he finally arrived.on the receiving end, on the receiving end of [sth] adj figurative (subjected to [sth] unpleasant) (不愉快的事情)遭受；承受on the right side of [sth] expr (to the right of)在…右边；在…右侧British and Japanese automobiles have the steering wheel on the right side of the car.on the right side of [sth] expr figurative (on moral side of)在...道义的一边，在...正义的一边When future generations look back on this moment, they will be able to see who was on the right side of this issue.on the strength of [sth] expr (based on)基于；凭借on the threshold of [sth] expr figurative (close to)非常接近；即将迎来We are on the threshold of a new era in social media.on the threshold of doing [sth] expr figurative (about to do [sth])将要做某事He was on the threshold of making his big decision.on the verge of [sth] expr (about to)即将；将要This economy is on the verge of collapse!on the verge of doing [sth] expr (about to do)即将，将要；濒临，在...的边缘Imogen was on the verge of going out, when the phone rang.be on the watch for [sth/sb] expr (be looking and waiting for [sth], [sb])等待；盼望；期待on the watch for [sth/sb] expr (looking for)提放；小心警惕The park ranger was always on the watch for poachers and forest fires.；on the way to [sth] prep (heading, going)在去…的路上We were on the way to Manchester when we heard the news on the car radio.on the way to doing [sth] prep figurative (progressing)正在，正逐渐； (比喻说法)在...的路上Roger is on the way to becoming a successful entrepreneur.on top of [sth], on the top of [sth] prep (at highest point)在…的顶部The climbers were left stranded on top of the mountain after a snowstorm.暴风雪过后，登山者被困在山顶。on top of [sth/sb] prep (with [sth/sb] beneath)在…上面；在…上方The judoka threw her opponent to the floor and landed on top of him.那位柔道运动员把对手摔倒在地并压在他身上。on top of [sth] prep informal, figurative (in control)掌控；按计划完成I write a to-do list every day to make sure I'm on top of all my chores.我每天会写一份待办事项清单，确保我能完成所有的杂事。on top of [sth] prep (in addition to)除...外on track for [sth] expr figurative, informal (heading for [sth]) (非正式用语)朝着...行进；朝着...发展；以...为目标The meeting established that the team was on track to finish the project by June.会议确定该团队有望在六月前完成项目。be on your way to [sth] v expr (be traveling to a place)在去往…的路上Rachel is on her way to Oxford to attend a business meeting.be on your way to doing [sth] v expr (make progress towards [sth])在…的过程中The research team is on its way to completing the first stage of the project.give [sb/sth] the once-over, give [sb/sth] a once-over v expr informal (inspect quickly) (非正式用语)草草打量，粗略查看When I submitted my report to the CEO, he gave it the once-over and then gave me a thumbs up.give [sth] the once-over, give [sth] a once-over v expr informal (clean [sth] quickly) (非正式用语)迅速清洁；迅速打扫I had just finished giving the living room a once-over when the guests arrived.be one of life's [sth] v expr (be [sth] by nature)天生；自然而然Suzanne is one of life's optimists; however tough life gets, she never seems sad or discouraged.only too ... to do [sth] adv (especially)非常…做某事备注: Followed by an adjective.He is only too keen to leave school.onto [sth], on to [sth] prep slang (aware: of [sb]'s plans, etc.)察觉到；意识到；对…了解Tom thinks he's being clever, but his mother is onto his little scheme.汤姆自认为自己很聪明，不过母亲已经察觉到了他的小计谋。ooze [sth] vtr (exude slowly)渗出Adam's wounds kept on oozing blood despite my best efforts.我已经尽力护理了，但亚当的伤口依旧在不断渗血。ooze [sth] vtr figurative (exude, project) (比喻)散发出Gary oozes confidence and charm.加里身上散发着魅力和自信。opaque [sth] vtr (make opaque)使…不透明I used a spray to opaque my bathroom windows.opaque [sth] vtr (photography: cover blemishes)使(底片)遮光The photographer opaqued a small portion of the negative.ope [sth] vtr poetic, archaic (open) (诗歌用语，古语)打开，开放open [sth] vtr (door)打开Carole opened the door and walked out of the house.卡罗尔打开门，走出了房子。open [sth] vtr (remove lid, cap, etc.) (瓶盖等)打开，开启Emily opened the bottle of wine with a corkscrew.艾米莉用开塞钻打开了酒瓶。open [sth] vtr (envelope, box) (信封、盒子等)启开，剪开Richard opened the box with some scissors.理查德用剪刀剪开了盒子。open [sth] vtr (unfasten)解开；松开Open your shirt buttons. It's too hot to wear it all closed up to the neck.把你的衬衣扣子解开。一直系到脖子那里太热了。open to [sth] adj + prep (without cover)没有盖子的；敞开的The back of the pickup truck is open to the sky.小型载货卡车的后部是敞开的。open to [sth], open to doing [sth] adj + prep (accepting)愿意接受新观念的；开明的，开放的Martin is open to those of all political persuasions.I'm open to having a discussion about this issue.马丁对于所有政治派别都持开放的态度。// 我愿意就这个问题进行讨论。open [sth] vtr (clear)清理出；开辟出We need to open a path through the woods.open [sth] vtr (cut into)切开；割开The doctor opened the patient to perform heart surgery.open [sth] vtr (remove blockage)打通；疏通The doctor prescribed a new drug that would help open his arteries.open [sth] vtr (make gaps, spaces)使...裂开The platoon opens ranks as it approaches the target site.open [sth] vtr (unfold)展开；打开He opened the letter and started reading it.open [sth] vtr (establish)开设；设立；创立The business was opened over fifty years ago.open [sth] vtr (unwrap)拆去…的包装；打开She opened the gifts one at a time.open [sth] vtr (make accessible)使...可以进入；让...可以使用The wheelchair ramp opened the shop to a new group of customers.open to [sth], open onto [sth] vi + prep (give access to [sth])通向；通往The door opens to a large courtyard.open with [sth] vi + prep (begin)以...开始The meeting opened with a speech by the president.open into [sth] vi + prep (have an outlet)流向；流往；通向The river opens into the Atlantic south of here.open [sth] vtr (expand)伸开；展开He opened his arms wide.open to [sth] adj + prep figurative (person: receptive) (指人)对...持开放态度的；乐意接受I'm still open to new ideas.open [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (commence by doing, saying [sth])使开始I would like to open the meeting with an apology for the lack of refreshments.会议开始前，我想就缺少茶点一事向各位致歉。open [sth] vtr (reveal)公开；公布The congressman opened his finances for anyone to see.open with [sth] vi + prep (cards: make a bid) (纸牌)首局下注He opened with a three of clubs.他以一张梅花三进行首局下注。open with [sth] vi + adj (start by saying)以…做开场白The plaintiff's lawyer opened with a statement for the jury.开庭时，原告律师向陪审团做了陈述，以此作为开场白。open to [sth] adj + prep (exposed, vulnerable)暴露在…之下的；容易受到（攻击、批评等）的If you don't use an antivirus program, your computer will be open to attack.如果你不使用防毒软件的话，你的电脑就容易受到攻击。open out onto [sth] v expr (lead to wider area)通向（更为开阔之地）；通往The doors open out onto a beautiful garden.open out to [sth] v expr (be unfolded)展开成；铺开成The foldaway bed opens out to full size.open [sth] out vtr + adv (unfold)打开；展开Lisa put the map on the table and opened it out.open the way for [sth/sb] v expr figurative (enable)为…大开方便之门The government has opened the way for energy firms to explore for shale gas.open [sth] up to [sb] v expr figurative (extend to include)对…打开，对…开放Email was opened up to the public in the early 1990s.open [sth] wide vtr + adj (door, eyes: open fully)将...完全打开；睁大；完全敞开open [sb]'s eyes to [sth] v expr figurative (make [sb] aware of reality)让...认清； (比喻)让...睁开眼看清楚open your eyes to [sth] vtr (become aware of)开阔眼界；增长见识You need to open your eyes to the beauty around you.Open your eyes to how deceitfully she has behaved.open your mind to [sth] v expr (accept possibility)开阔心胸；使人心胸开阔Immersing yourself in a different culture can open your mind to new ways of thinking.operate [sth] vtr (use: a machine) (机械等)操控；操作；控制Andrea operates a forklift truck at work.安德利亚在工作中要开叉车。operate on [sb/sth] vi + prep (do surgery on) (医疗)给...做手术，动手术The surgeon is operating on Mrs. Willis for her gallstones.The vet is operating on Julie's dog tomorrow.外科医生正在为威利斯夫人做胆结石手术。朱莉的狗明天就要动手术了。operate on [sth] vi + prep (treat with surgery)在…上做手术；对…进行手术；给...做手术I'm glad Dr. Jones is operating on my hip; he's a very capable surgeon.我很高兴是琼斯医生给我的胯部做手术；他是一位能力非常强的医生。operate [sth] vtr (run: a business)经营；运营Karen operates a tool hire business in Birmingham.凯伦在贝灵汉经营工具租赁生意。operate [sth] vtr (run: flights) (航班)运营，承运This airline operates flights out of 50 cities.这家航空公司承运50个城市的航班。opiate [sth/sb] vtr figurative (dull, deaden)使麻木；使迟钝It seems that love has opiated the young man's reason.oppose [sth/sb] vtr ([sb]: resist, go against)抵抗，抵制；反对He opposed his parents' idea of an arranged marriage.他抵制父母想给他包办婚姻的想法。oppose [sth] vtr (idea: disagree with)反对Everyone opposed Neil's idea to go camping.奈尔想去露营，但所有人都反对。be opposed to [sth] v expr (disagree with, disapprove of)不同意；反对I am not opposed to change, but these proposals don't seem sensible.opt to do [sth] v expr (choose to do)选择做The children opted to do their homework instead of their chores.opt for [sth] vi + prep (choose, select)选择Since it was cold out, I opted for long pants instead of shorts.opt against doing [sth] v expr (decide not to do)选择不做opt in favor of [sth] (US), opt in favour of [sth] (UK) v expr (choose over [sth] else)选择We opted in favor of a smaller, more economical car.opt out of doing [sth] v expr (exclude yourself from doing)选择不；决定不Tick this box to opt out of receiving our newsletter.勾选这个方格，选择不再接收我们的简报。optimize [sth], also UK: optimise [sth] vtr (make best use of [sth])充分利用Optimize your time to prepare yourself for the exams.optimize [sth], also UK: optimise [sth] vtr (make [sth] optimal)优化；使最佳化；尽量完善The company optimized the new product for maximum sales.orbit [sth] vtr (astronomy: revolve around) (天文)环绕轨道运行The satellite orbited the earth.orchestrate [sth] vtr (music: arrange)将某乐曲谱写成管弦乐，编管弦乐曲The conductor orchestrated a beautiful symphony.orchestrate [sth] vtr figurative (direct, control) (比喻)指导，精心安排The rebel group orchestrated a coup.ordain [sth] vtr (order, decree [sth])规定；命令The king ordained a new law raising taxes.order [sb] to do [sth] v expr (command)命令某人做某事I'm ordering you to put that money back and apologize.我在命令你，把钱放回去，向人道歉。order [sth] vtr (request) (饭菜酒水等)点；要；请求We should order another bottle of wine.我们该再要一瓶酒。order [sth]/that vtr (decree)命令；指令The judge ordered that he stay away from the victim.order [sth] vtr (arrange)整理He ordered the files according to date.order [sth] vtr (prescribe) (医生)嘱咐；开...的处方；开出...药The doctor ordered a week's bed rest.ordinate [sth] vtr (put in order)按次序摆放；有序安置organize [sth], also UK: organise [sth] vtr (event: arrange)组织；举办；安排Bill is organising Ellen's fiftieth birthday party. Vanessa is organizing the company's AGM.比尔正在为艾伦组织50岁生日聚会。范奈莎正在组织公司年会。organize [sth], also UK: organise [sth] vtr (tidy, put [sth] in order)整理Lucas is organizing his books.卢卡斯正在整理自己的书。organize [sth/sb], also UK: organise [sth/sb] vtr (form a group) (组织、团体等)成立，组成Carl is organizing a committee to look at cost efficiency within the company.organize [sb/sth], also UK: organise [sb/sth] vtr (enlist in a trade union)把…组织成工会，；把…的职工组成工会Union reps organised the workforce.organize [sth] in a hierarchy, also UK: organise [sth] in a hierarchy v expr (rank)按等级高低排列organize [sth] into a hierarchy, also UK: organise [sth] into a hierarchy v expr (rank, order by importance)按等级高低排列Carolus Linnaeus started organizing animals into a taxonomic hierarchy in the early 1700's.an orgy of [sth] n figurative (wild indulgence in [sth])狂欢David arrived at the buffet ready for an orgy of eating.orient [sth] to [sth], orient [sth] toward [sth] (US), orientate [sth] towards [sth] (UK) vtr + prep (adjust, position [sth])定位；定向；摆正方位Sally oriented her plants to the south for the best sunlight.oriented toward [sb/sth], (US), orientated towards [sb/sth] (UK) adj US (focused on)以…为重点的；以…为方向的；重视…的The resort is oriented toward young couples without children.originate [sth] vtr (bring into being)原创，最先提出The French delegation originated a proposal but it was rejected.法国代表团提出了一项提案，但遭到了否决。originate from [sth] vi + prep (come from)源于；来自于Where on earth did that idea originate from?originate in [sth] vi + prep (start in a place) (生命)起源于Human civilisation was thought to originate in the area around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.originate in [sth] vi + prep (begin development from)始于ornament [sth] with [sth] vtr (decorate, adorn)用...装饰；用...点缀My mother ornamented our home with cat figurines.osculate [sth] vtr (come in contact with)接触；联系；交往osculate [sth] vtr archaic or humorous (kiss) (古语)接吻；亲吻；吻ought, ought to do [sth] v expr (should) (表示劝告或建议)应该，应当； (表示预期)应该，应当You really ought to drive more carefully.你真的应该更小心地驾驶。ought to do [sth] v expr (be morally obliged)理应；应当Everyone ought to strive for a fairer society.所有人都应当为一个更加公平的社会而努力奋斗。ought to do [sth] v expr (be likely) (表示可能性)该，应该If we set out at 8am, that ought to give us plenty of time.如果早上8点出发，这样应该就能给我们预留充足的时间了。ought not to do [sth], ought not do [sth] v expr (should not)不该；不应当You ought not to tell your brother what's happened. He might be upset.an ounce of [sth] n figurative (small amount)一点；少量备注: Usually used in the negative.Mark's ordeal has really shaken him; he hasn't an ounce of courage left.oust [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep (remove, eject)把某人从…驱逐；免去某人在…的职务She was ousted from office for accepting bribes.out [sb] as [sth] vtr slang (reveal or expose: as [sth])泄露，透露The speaker outed him as the author of the controversial report.be out for [sth] v expr (seek in a determined way)一心寻求；一心追求The soccer team is out for revenge on their biggest rivals.be out of [sth] v expr informal (be lacking)缺乏，缺少；没有I had to go shopping as we were completely out of milk.We are short of money as my husband has been out of work for a few months.我们牛奶喝完了，我不得不出门去购物。//我们没钱了，因为我丈夫已经失业几个月了。out of [sth] prep (motivated by) (指动机)由于；因为；出于Laura turned the volume up high out of spite.The parents did what they did out of love for their children.劳拉为了发泄把音量调得很大。//父母所做的一切都是出于对孩子的爱。out of [sth] expr (excluded, outside)在...之外；排除在外My dad kept me out of school for a week.我爸一周都没让我去学校。out of proportion with [sth] adj + prep (excessively large)与…不成比例的In children's drawings of people, the head is usually out of all proportion with the rest of the body.out of proportion to [sth], out of all proportion to [sth] adj + prep figurative (exaggerated, excessive)不成比例；不相称Your anger is out of proportion to the insult.be out of touch with [sth] v expr figurative, informal (not be up to date with)跟不上…的发展；跟不上...的步伐These systems are completely out of touch with modern business practices.这些系统完全不能与现代商业实践同步。be out of touch with [sth] v expr figurative, informal (not be familiar with)不熟悉；不了解These problems have arisen because the government is made up of wealthy politicians who are completely out of touch with how ordinary people live.出现这些问题是因为政府由完全不了解普通民众生活的有钱政客组成的。be out of your mind with [sth] v expr figurative, informal (be extremely anxious, worried) (指伤心焦虑等)过度...；因为...而发疯；...得发疯outbalance [sth] vtr (outweigh)重于, 比...重；比...更重要outbreak of [sth] n figurative (appearance)突然发生；突然发作There has been an outbreak of acronyms since people started using text messages and Twitter.outclass [sth] vtr (be better than)大大超过；远胜过Hillary outclassed the competition in her latest debate.outdistance [sb/sth] vtr (go further than)远远超过，把…甩在后方；超越，超过，胜过The sailor outdistanced the other boats when he sailed across the Atlantic.outfit [sb/sth] vtr (equip [sb])装备；配备The ski hire company outfitted Rosa with all the necessary equipment.那家滑雪公司为罗萨装备了一切所需的装备。outgo [sb/sth] vtr (go faster than)比...更快vtr；领先outgrow [sth] vtr (clothing: grow too big for) (衣服)因长大而穿不下My son outgrew his baby clothes in just a few months.outgrow [sth] vtr figurative (grow too mature for) (兴趣爱好等)年长而放弃Veronica outgrew Barbie dolls when she was thirteen.outgrow [sth] vtr (become too numerous for)对于…来说长得太大；长得使…不再适用When they found out they were expecting their third child, Dave and Emily realized their family had outgrown their current house.outgrow [sth] vtr (recover from [sth] as you grow)成长后不再具有Many children outgrow early allergies.outlast [sb/sth] vtr (last longer than)比…持久，比...活得长The pyramids outlasted the civilization that built them.outlaw [sth] vtr (ban, make illegal)禁止，取缔；宣告…为非法，使…成为不合法The town council wants to outlaw public drinking.镇议会想禁止在公共场合饮酒。outlay [sth] vtr (sum of money: spend)花费；支出Kirsty had outlaid more than £3,000 on shoes in the last six months.outline [sth] vtr (draw around)画…的外形；给…画轮廓He outlined his hand on the paper.他在纸上描出自己手的轮廓。outline [sth] vtr (summarize)概述；总结Let me outline my ideas for you.让我给你大概讲述一下我的想法。outmode [sth] vtr (put out of fashion)使…过时，使…不流行outnumber [sth/sb] vtr (number more than)数量上超过China's population outnumbers ours by a significant amount.outperform [sth] vtr (achieve better results than)胜过；做得比…好Toyota created a new engine that outperformed the competition.outpoint [sth] vtr (nautical: sail closer to wind than) (航海术语)比…更顶风航行vtr；比…更逆风航行an outpouring of [sth] n figurative (of grief, sympathy, etc.) (比喻)流露；表达After her father died, Jessica received an outpouring of sympathy from her friends.outproduce [sb/sth] vtr (produce more than)比…生产的多vtr；产出比…多output [sth] vtr (computing: generate) (计算机（信息，结果等）)输出Output the results to the printer.将结果输出到打印机上。output [sth] vtr (manufacture [sth]) (制造加工)出产This factory outputs five thousand chairs every day.这家工厂每天出产5000把椅子。outreach [sb/sth] vtr (exceed)超出；超过Demand for the new phone has outreached our supply.对新手机的需求超出了我们的供货量。outride [sb], outride [sth] vtr (ride farther, faster, than)骑得比...更好；骑得比...更快outride [sth] vtr (ship: withstand a storm)安然度过风暴outrun [sb/sth] vtr (run faster than)比…跑得快A dog will outrun a cat every time.outrun [sb/sth] vtr (escape from)从…逃脱The criminals managed to outrun the police.outsell [sth] vtr (be sold in greater quantities than)比某物卖得多；比某物卖得好iPhones outsold other smartphones this year.outshine [sb/sth] vtr figurative (perform better than) (比喻)比…更出色；优于；胜过Heather worked hard to outshine the other designers.outshine [sth] vtr (shine brighter than)比…更亮The North Star outshines the other stars.outsource [sth] vtr (work: contract out) (工作)外包The company has outsourced payroll and accounting.outsource [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (work: contract out)把…外包给某人The company outsourced hiring to an external human relations firm.outsource [sth] vtr (goods, services: obtain externally)外部采购The company now outsources a lot of the items it used to make.outsource [sth] from [sb] vtr + prep (goods, services: obtain externally)从…外部采购The factory, which is in London, outsources its parts from China.outstay [sth] vtr (stay beyond limits of)逗留超过...期限Davina was deported when she was found to have outstayed her visa.outstretch [sth] vtr (hold out, extend)伸展；伸出outstrip [sb/sth] vtr informal (excel, surpass) (非正式用语)超越；胜过Our annual sales outstripped the competitors.outstrip [sb/sth] vtr informal (go faster than) (非正式用语)追过；跑过Everyone was surprised when Mike outstripped the rest of the competition.outstrip [sth] vtr informal (exceed, be more than) (非正式用语)超过；多于There is a demand for the product that outstrips the supply.outwear [sth] vtr (prove more durable than)比…耐用vtr；比…持久outweigh [sth] vtr figurative (consideration) (比喻更重要)重于Give up your job if you hate it; your happiness outweighs everything else.如果讨厌自己的工作就辞职，你觉得开心比其它一切都重要。outweigh [sth/sb] vtr (be heavier than)重于；比...更重The titleholder outweighs his opponent by thirty pounds.be over [sth] vi + prep (recovered from)从…中恢复过来的Sayeed is not yet over the loss of his mother.over and above [sth] expr (in addition to)多于...；超过...；除...之外The athlete trains for 2 hours per day, and that's over and above his practice sessions with teammates.over-egg [sth], overegg [sth] vtr UK, figurative (overdo, exaggerate)对...言过其实；过分夸大over-think [sth] vtr (analyze too deeply)对...分析过度overbid [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (bid higher than [sb])为...出价高于...overbook [sth] vtr (take too many reservations for)超量预订；预订…太多The airline overbooked the plane, forcing some passengers to take the next flight.overburden [sb/sth] vtr (overload)使…负担过重The teacher tried not to overburden her students with too much homework.overbuy [sth] vtr (purchase an excess of)过量购买vtr；买下过多的overcapitalize [sth], over-capitalize [sth], also UK: overcapitalise [sth], over-capitalise [sth] vtr (market value)对…的资本估计过高；过高估计…的市值overcapitalize [sth], over-capitalize [sth], also UK: overcapitalise [sth], over-capitalise [sth] vtr (funding)对…投资过多；过多地对…进行投资overcharge [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (charge too much for)索费过多The dealership overcharged me for my car, but it was my own fault for not negotiating.overcharge for [sth] vi + prep (charge a high price for)对…索价过高The fancy restaurant overcharges for such small portions.overcharge [sth] vtr (overload)使...超载, 使...负荷过重The hunter overcharged the gun.overcharge [sth] vtr figurative (overfill)填得太满；装得太多If you overcharge your paintbrush, it will be hard to control.overcloud [sth] vtr figurative (overshadow) (比喻)使阴暗vtr；在...上投下阴影vtrovercome [sth] vtr (defeat, vanquish)胜过, 战胜, 征服；克服We can overcome the forces against us!我们能战胜反对势力！ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 他克服了重重困难，终于取得了今天的成就。overcome [sth] vtr (surmount)克服，战胜There are a number of problems to overcome before we even start this work.开始这份工作前，我们需要克服一系列的难题。overcompensate for [sth] vi + prep (try too hard to correct)对...矫枉过正overcompensate [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (pay too much for [sth])为某物给某人付太多的钱overcook [sth] vtr (cook for too long)将…煮得过久；使…烹调过度If a restaurant overcooks my steak, I will return it.overcrowd [sth] vtr (fill with too many people)把过多的人塞进…；使…过挤overdecorate [sth] vtr (adorn excessively)过度装饰vtr；过度粉饰overdevelop [sth] vtr (make too elaborate)使...过于精密vtr；使...过于复杂overdevelop [sth] vtr (photograph: overexpose) (摄影)使感光过度vtr；使显像过久overdevelop [sth] vtr (muscles, land: develop too much) (指土地等)使开发过度vtr； (指肌肉等)使发育过度，锻炼过度vtroverdo [sth] vtr (apply or use in excess)过度处理；过分做某事She overdid the hair dye and her hair's now bright orange.overdo [sth] vtr (expose yourself to)过度暴露于…之下Your face is red! You've overdone the sun today!overdo [sth] vtr (exaggerate)夸张；夸大；做得过火He completely overdid the role of the cowboy.overdo [sth] vtr (cook too much)做老了的，烹煮过头的I think I must've overdone the eggs.overdose of [sth] n figurative (too much of [sth])过量If I don't pay attention, my son will have an overdose of chocolate.overdose on [sth] vi + prep (drug: take fatal amount of)服某种药过量致死Some of the greatest musicians of the last century overdosed on drugs.overdose on [sth] vi + prep (drug: take harmful amount of)服某种药过量Matt's friends called an ambulance when he overdosed on painkillers.overdose on [sth] vi + prep figurative, informal (have too much)过度沉溺于；过度享用I've overdosed on chocolate today; two helpings of chocolate cake at the party, then chocolate ice cream this evening.overdraw [sth] vtr (money: withdraw too much) (金钱等)超支，透支I overdrew my account when I accidentally pressed "500" instead of "50."overdub [sth] vtr (add sound to existing recording) (录音)加录； (指给原处的音带)给...配音overelaborate [sth] (US), over-elaborate (UK) vtr (include excessive detail)过分详细地讲述，过于繁琐地制作(或设计等）overemphasize [sth], also UK: overemphasise [sth] vtr (stress [sth] excessively)过度强调；过分突出overestimate [sth] vtr (estimate too highly)对…估计过高Don't overestimate the car's trade-in value.overexpose [sth] vtr (photography: subject to too much light) (摄影)使过度感光；使过度曝光overexpose [sth] vtr (subject to too much of [sth])使过度接触；使过度暴露overextend [sth/sb] vtr (stretch too far, strain)过度拉伸，过度绷紧overextend [sth] vtr figurative (prolong excessively)过度拖延, 过分延长overfeed [sb/sth] vtr (give too much food to)喂…太多食物vtr；给…吃得过多overfill [sth] vtr (make too full)使装得过满；让...满溢overflow [sth] vtr (cause to spill over)使溢出；使外流Tom overflowed the bathtub.overflow [sth] vtr figurative (spill out of a space) (因空间有限)挤出，挤满The crowd overflowed the auditorium.overflow with [sth] vi + prep figurative (be full of [sth])充满，满是；洋溢Jemima's heart was overflowing with joy.overfly [sth] vtr (fly over)飞过vtr；从…上空飞过overgraze [sth] vtr (let livestock overeat: pasture)过度放牧overgrow [sth] vtr (plant: grow so as to obscure)蔓生；过度茂盛而遮盖住overhang [sth] vtr (extend further than)悬挂；悬垂；突出The roof overhangs the porch by about a metre.overhaul [sth] vtr (revamp)彻底修订，彻底革新The school overhauled its entire curriculum.这所学校彻底修订了整个课程表。overhaul [sth] vtr (vehicle, machine) (机器等)对…进行大修，彻底检修This company overhauls old engines.这家公司在彻底检修旧发动机。overhaul [sth] vtr (overtake)赶上；超过The police tried to overhaul the fleeing robbers.overhear [sth] vtr (hear [sth] unintentionally)无意中听到I overheard rumors that Martha is selling her car.overhear [sb] say [sth], overhear [sb] saying [sth] v expr (hear [sb] unintentionally)无意中听到某人说某事Robert overheard Tina say she is getting a divorce.overheat [sth] vtr (make too hot)使…过热Driving in the desert can rapidly overheat any car's engine.overindulge in [sth] vi + prep (partake too much of)过多享用；放纵We overindulged in alcohol and suffered for it in the morning.overlaid with [sth] adj + prep (covered by [sth])被…覆盖的；镀...的Part of the sculpture was overlaid with gold and silver.overlap [sth] vtr (cross each other)与…重叠Each tile overlaps the one below.上下每一块瓦片都相互重叠。overlap [sth] vtr figurative (in time: coincide with) (时间上)与…重叠；与…同时发生My working hours overlap my husband's.overlap [sth] vtr figurative (have [sth] in common with)与…有相同之处，与…有共同之处This exhibition overlaps my interests in both insects and drawing.overlay [sth] vtr (place over top) (涂、铺等)在…上覆盖，在…上铺上Emily overlaid the floor with lino.埃米莉在地板上铺上了亚麻油地毡。overlay [sth] vtr (be on top of: [sth])覆盖于…之上；覆盖；铺在...上面Carpet overlays all the floors in the house.房屋里所有的地板上都覆盖着地毯。overlay [sth] vtr (finish with decorative layer)在…表面镀；在…上镶Liam overlays the vase with gold leaf.overlie [sth] vtr (cover, lie on top of)覆盖在…的上面；躺在…上面overload [sth/sb] vtr (weigh down)使超重，使超载Mark overloaded the wheelbarrow and then couldn't lift it.马克在独轮车上装载了太多东西，推都推不动。overload [sb/sth] vtr (burden, demand too much of)使负担过重；使超负荷The high volume of calls overloaded the system and it broke down.大量的来电使系统超负荷，出了故障。overload [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep figurative (too much information) (比喻，如信息、知识等)给某人塞满太多某物Bill is a good teacher, but he tends to overload his students with information.比尔是位好老师，但他总喜欢塞给学生太多信息。overload [sth] vtr (cause a power surge)使（电路）过载The power tripped because you overloaded the circuits.overlook [sth/sb] vtr (not notice)未注意到；未看到George failed his exam because he overlooked a number of mistakes in his work.乔治未注意到自己答案中的错误，没能通过考试。overlook [sth] vtr figurative (not realize importance of)未认识到…的重要性；忽略The company overlooked the importance of a memorable logo.公司忽略了一个醒目商标的重要性。overlook [sth] vtr figurative (disregard, choose to ignore)没有理睬；忽视；不理会Emily overlooked Frank's bad behaviour on this occasion.艾米丽没有理睬当时弗兰克不良的举动。overlook [sth] vtr (have a view of)俯瞰；俯视Our bathroom window overlooks the neighbour's garden.从我们浴室的窗户能够俯视到邻居的花园。overman [sth] vtr (provide with too much staff)使...人员配置过多，超员overnight [sth] vtr US (ship or send during the night)次日送达The firm overnighted the goods to the customer.overpass [sth] vtr (go over, walk across)穿过；通过We overpassed the Rocky Mountains on our epic trek.overpay [sth] vtr (pay more than necessary)为…多付钱We overpaid for our hotel room because it was high season.overplay [sth] vtr (exaggerate)夸张；夸大overpopulate [sth] vtr (fill with too many people)使人口过剩vtr；使人口密度过大overpower [sb/sth] vtr (subdue by force) (用武力)征服，制服The mugger overpowered her and knocked her to the ground.overpressure [sth] vtr (subject to overpressure)使…承受过大压力Carbon dioxide overpressured the tank, causing it to explode.overprice [sth] vtr (set too high a cost on)对…要价过高；给…定价过高overprint [sth] vtr (print over with [sth] new) (印刷品)加印；再印；套印overproduce [sth] vtr (make or manufacture to excess)过剩生产vtr；过多生产overproduce [sth] vtr (music: make too elaborate) (音乐)过度处理The critic didn't like the new album and said it had been overproduced.overprotect [sb/sth] vtr (try excessively to keep from harm)过分保护vtr；过度保护overrate [sth/sb] vtr (esteem too highly)过高估计；高估It is important not to overrate your students' abilities or you may set tasks that are too difficult for them.That actor has always been overrated in my opinion.overreach [sth] vtr rare (extend too far)过度拉伸The yoga teacher overreached his arm and strained a muscle.overreact to [sth] vi + prep (respond excessively to)对…反应过度My mother overreacted to the news of my pregnancy by calling every person in our extended family.override [sth] vtr (legislation, ruling: overrule)撤销；推翻The judge overrode the verdict of the lower court.法官推翻了下级法庭的裁决。override [sth] vtr (be more important than)比…重要；优先于，高于，压倒The importance of this project overrides any concerns you may have about the costs involved.该项目的重要性将压倒你对所涉及成本可能产生的一切顾虑。override [sth] vtr (bypass manually)超驰（自动控制）Press that button to override the system.按下那个按钮以超驰控制系统。overrule [sth] vtr (disallow: argument)驳回；否决The judge overruled the objection.overrule [sth/sb] vtr (prevail over)支配；统治I believe that God overrules the universe.overrun [sth/sb] vtr often passive (people, animals, insects) (野兽、害虫等)侵扰，猖獗，大批出没于； (人)横行于，肆虐The kitchen was overrun with ants.厨房里蚂蚁猖獗。overrun [sth] vtr (go past limit)超过，跑过，越过Emily overran the finish line.埃米莉跑过了终点线。overrun [sth] vtr (go past time limit)超过；越过Susan overran her deadline.苏珊超过了截止时间。overrun [sth] vtr (expenses)超支；过度消耗Patrick overran the budget.overrun [sth/sb] vtr (military: enemy) (军事)占领；夺取The army overran the enemy's position.overrun [sth] vtr (overflow)溢出；流出If it keeps raining, the river is going to overrun its banks.oversee [sth/sb] vtr (supervise)监督；监管Diana is overseeing this project.这个项目由戴安娜监督。oversee [sth/sb] vtr rare (look down on)俯瞰oversee [sth/sb] vtr rare (see secretly or accidentally)偷看到；无意中看到oversell [sth] vtr (sell more than available)过多售出；过多卖出；供不应求oversell [sth] vtr figurative (exaggerate)过分吹嘘；过分夸大oversew [sth] vtr (sew overhand)锁边overshadow [sth] vtr figurative (detract from) (比喻)给…蒙上阴影Worries about the economy overshadowed the conference.overshadow [sth] vtr (cast a shadow on)将影子投在；遮蔽；遮荫Clouds overshadowed the afternoon.overshoot [sth] vtr (miss, go over)越过The plane overshot the runway and had to make an emergency landing on water.overshoot [sth] vtr (miss, go beyond: a target, etc.) (目标等)错过The missile overshot its target.oversimplify [sth] vtr (make too simple)过分简单化This is a complex problem, but you're oversimplifying it.oversize [sth] vtr (make too large)做得过大We oversize all of our covers that the customers can adjust them to fit perfectly.overspend [sth] vtr (spend more than allocated)在...上超支That department has overspent its budget.overspread [sth] vtr (extend across)蔓延vtr；扩张；满布overstaff [sth] vtr (to employ too many staff)为…配备人员过多overstate [sth] vtr (exaggerate)夸大；夸张This deal is crucial to the firm; I cannot overstate its importance.overstay [sth] vtr (stay past: your welcome, etc.)停留过久；逗留过久Be careful not to overstay your visa when you visit other countries.overstep [sth] vtr figurative (go beyond)超过...限度；过分对待The officer overstepped his authority when he arrested the mayor.overstimulate [sb/sth] vtr (make overly excited)使过度兴奋vtr；过度刺激overstimulate [sth] vtr (make overly active)过度激发vtr；过度激励；过度刺激overstitch [sth] vtr (machine-sew over an edge)用覆盖针脚法缝overstock [sth] vtr (keep excessive stores of) (货物等)存...过多overstock [sth] vtr (fill with excessive supplies) (货物等)进...过多overstretch [sb/sth] vtr (subject to strain, work too hard)使...过度劳累overstretch [sth] vtr (make stretch too far, strain)过分拉伸；过分拉紧overstuff [sth] vtr (force too much into)把…装得过满Don't overstuff the suitcase; you'll never get it closed!overstuff [sth] vtr (furniture: upholster completely) (家具)给…加软垫oversubscribe [sth] vtr usually passive (subscribe for too many)超额订购，过量预订oversupply [sb] with [sth] vtr (provide with too much)给...过多提供；过多给予某人某物overtake [sth/sb] vtr (pass: another vehicle)超车The red car is overtaking the blue car.红车正在超蓝车。overtake [sth/sb] vtr (pass: in a race) (赛跑)超过，超越Kelly Holmes has just overtaken Hasna Benhassi.凯莉・霍尔姆斯刚刚超过了哈斯娜・本哈希。overtake [sth/sb] vtr (exceed: in numbers or business) (数量、销售额等)超过；超越Sales of Android phones have overtaken sales of iPhones.安卓手机的销量已经超过了iPhone。overtake [sth/sb] vtr (happen to [sb/sth])突然发生在…身上；突然降临在…头上Bad luck overtook them.overthink [sth] vtr (think too much about)关于…想太多；关于…考虑太多Try not to overthink things too much; just go with the flow.overthrow [sth] vtr (government: overturn) (政府)推翻，打倒，颠覆Rebels overthrew the government and set up their own.叛乱分子推翻了政府建立了自己的政权。overthrust [sth] vtr (geology: push forward) (地质学)逆掩，逆冲overtop [sth] vtr (physically rise above)高于，高出overtop [sth/sb] vtr (rise above in authority)凌驾overtop [sth/sb] vtr (surpass)优于，超过overturn [sth] vtr (turn over)翻转，推翻；颠倒；颠倒In a fit of rage, Barbara overturned the table.一怒之下，芭芭拉推翻了桌子。overturn [sth] vtr figurative (by judge) (判决)撤销，推翻Mr. Green walked free after the appeal court judge overturned his conviction.上诉法庭推翻了其定罪后，格林先生被无罪释放。overturn [sth] vtr figurative (decision) (决定等)推翻My manager said we were going ahead with this project, but then the CEO overturned his decision.overturn [sth] vtr (overthrow)推翻；打倒；使倾覆The revolutionaries overturned the government.overuse [sth] vtr (use too much)过度使用Margaret overused moisturizing lotion and her skin looked oily.overvalue [sth/sb] vtr (exaggerate importance of)过分重视，过分看重overvalue [sth] vtr (price too highly)过高定价overwhelm [sth/sb] vtr (overpower)征服，攻克，击败；制服，压倒The army overwhelmed the enemy's bases.军队攻克了敌军基地。overwork [sth] vtr (work too much on)把...做过头The student overworked her essay so that it no longer made sense.overwork [sth] vtr (soil: cultivate too much)过度开垦；过度耕作overwrite [sth] vtr (write on top of)覆写He has logged into my computer and overwritten my file!overwrite [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (write on top of)写在…上面；覆盖The book's first page had been overwritten with a comment.overwrite [sth] vtr (write in a wordy style)将…写得过长She overwrote the report, thinking that a wordy style was wanted.owe [sb] [sth] vtr (be in debt to [sb])欠…的债Having arranged a loan to buy my house, I owe my bank a lot of money.我贷款买了房，欠了银行很多钱。owe [sth] vtr (be in debt: by amount)欠…的债I've paid back most of the money but I still owe fifty euros.我已经偿还了大部分的欠款，不过还欠50欧元的债。owe [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (be in debt to [sb])欠某人…钱I owe a fortune to my creditors.我欠债主一大笔钱。owe [sb] [sth] vtr figurative (need to give)应该给；应给予；欠I owe you an apology.我欠你一个道歉。owe [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep figurative (have: thanks to [sb/sth])幸亏有了某人才；亏得有某人才He owed his life to the medical skills of his surgeon.I owe my good looks to my beautiful grandmother.幸亏有了外科医生的好技术，他才捡回一条命。// 幸亏有我美丽的外祖母，我才生得漂亮。own [sth] vtr (have)有；拥有；占有Do you own a computer?你有电脑吗？own [sth] vtr figurative (take responsibility for)对…负责，为…负责It is best to own your mistakes and try to do better in the future.own up to [sth] v expr (confess responsibility for)承认，坦白Nobody owned up to the theft, so the teacher gave the whole class a detention.oxidize [sth], also UK: oxidise [sth] vtr (add oxygen)使氧化oxygenate [sth/sb] vtr (supply oxygen to)使氧化；与氧化合；用氧处理pace [sth] vtr (walk back and forth)快速踱步She paced the floor.她来回踱步。pace [sth] vtr (measure with steps)用步子丈量He paced the distance from the rock to the treasure.pacify [sb/sth] vtr (calm)使…安静；让...平静The babysitter tried to pacify the screaming child by giving him a toy.pacify [sth] vtr (bring peace to)平息；平定The army was ordered to pacify the surrounding area.pack [sth] vtr (wrap for shipment)捆扎；包装；打包Pack the books in a padded mailing envelope.用厚垫信封把这些书包装起来。pack [sth] vtr (fill: suitcase, bag)装（箱）；打（包）Have you packed the big suitcase yet?大箱子你打包好了吗？pack [sth] vtr (fit, cram)把…装入；把…打包She packed everything tightly into a small box.pack [sth] vtr figurative (cram together)塞满, 挤满My wife always packs a lot of activities into a day.pack [sth] vtr (wrap up)打包；装箱Pack everything in a duffel bag.pack [sth] with [sb/sth] vtr + prep usu passive (fill with partisans)塞满，挤满The candidate's staff packed the hall with friendly supporters.pack [sth] with [sb/sth] vtr + prep informal (fill with people) (人)塞满，挤满They packed the concert hall with so many people that you couldn't even see the band.pack [sth] vtr (compact, compress)压紧The sand was packed down by the weight of the trucks.pack [sth] vtr (load into a car)把...装进；把...载入I need to pack the suitcases in the car before we go.pack [sth] vtr informal (carry or wear)携带；佩带；带有Watch out - he's packing a gun!小心，他带枪了！pack [sth] up again v expr (return [sth] to container)将…重新打好包package [sth] vtr (wrap, place in a container)把…包起来；把…装箱I packaged all the gifts together so we can mail them tomorrow.package [sth] vtr (combine items for sale as a unit)把…打包出售；把…整套出售Travel websites are starting to package hotels with flights.packed with [sth] adj + prep (full of [sth])堆满…的；装满…的；满是…的The shelves are packed with books.书架上堆满了书。pad [sth], pad [sth] with [sth] vtr (add stuffing to)加衬；加垫；用软材料填充Marilyn is padding the chair cushions.玛丽莲正在往椅垫里加衬垫。pad [sth] vtr figurative (add extra to)（用多余的内容）拉长；充（篇幅）Josh is padding his speech; it's not quite long enough yet.乔希正在给自己的讲演稿添加内容，因为还不够长。paddle [sth] vtr (row: a canoe, etc.)划（船）；荡（桨）Patrick paddled his canoe downstream.帕特里克划着独木舟顺流而下。padlock [sth] vtr (lock with padlock)用挂锁锁Remember to padlock the gate before you leave.page [sth] vtr US (paginate)给…标明页数Put the papers in order, and page them from one to twenty.page through [sth] vi + prep (book, magazine: flip the pages)翻阅paginate [sth] vtr (number the pages of)标记页码；标记页数pain [sb] to do [sth] v expr figurative (cause mental pain) (比喻精神上)做某事使某人痛苦It pains me to see you do embarrassing things like that.看着你做那样尴尬的事情，真让我痛苦。paint [sth] vtr (cover with paint)涂刷；粉刷He painted the wall.他粉刷了墙。paint [sth] vtr (create or draw with paint)画；绘制She painted a picture, using oil paint.她用油彩画了一幅画。paint [sth] vtr (colour with paint)给…涂色He painted the room blue.paint [sth] vtr (nails: apply varnish to)为…化妆；为…上妆She spends hours painting her nails.paint [sth] vtr figurative (describe with words)用言语描述, 描绘The book painted the picture of the ideal family.pair [sth] vtr (items: match)使配成对；使成双My socks are all in a jumble; I must pair them with their partners.pair [sth] vtr (animals: mate) (动物)使交配We pair our cows with the bull from the next farm.palatalize [sth], also UK: palatalise [sth] vtr (of pronunciation)使腭化；使腭音化palliate [sth] vtr (alleviate, ease)缓解vtr；减轻palm [sth] vtr (touch: basketball)运球；拍球The player palmed the ball with one hand.palm [sth] vtr (conceal in the hand)把…藏在手掌中The magician palmed my watch, making it seem like it had disappeared.palm [sth] vtr slang (steal)顺手牵羊；顺手偷走The thief palmed several items while the shopkeeper was busy with a customer.palpate [sb/sth] vtr (diagnose using touch)触诊vtr；触摸检查pan [sth] vtr informal (criticize) (非正式用语)严厉批评A poor quality performance will be panned by the critics.pan-fry [sth] vtr (cook in a frying pan)用煎锅煎pancake [sth] vtr (plane: land without wheels)使（飞机）平降着陆The pilot pancaked his plane.pancake [sth] vtr informal (flatten)压扁；把…压扁The truck pancaked the car.pander to [sth] vi + prep (indulge: [sb]'s whim)迁就；按...行事pang of [sth] n (sudden emotion)突然的情绪；猛然发生的感觉She felt a pang of remorse when she realised what she had done.pant [sth] vtr (say [sth] with gasps)喘着气说；气喘吁吁地说"Look out," Elaine panted. "He's gaining on us."“当心，”艾琳喘着气说，“他就快追上我们了。”pantomime [sth] vtr (express through mime)打手势；用手势表达The child pantomimed hunger by rubbing his belly and pointing to his mouth.pants at [sth] adj + prep UK, pejorative, slang (person: incompetent, useless) (人)不擅长, 对...不擅长I'm pants at football, and John's pants at chess.paper [sth] vtr (wallpaper)往…贴墙纸I papered the walls but didn't like the pattern, so I painted over it.paper [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (cover with advertising)用...盖住；用...覆盖The bus shelter was papered with car adverts.paper [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (decorate with wallpaper)用（墙纸）装饰We papered the child's room with blue wallpaper.我们用蓝色的墙纸装饰孩子的房间。paper-clip [sth], paperclip [sth] vtr (fasten with paper clip)用回形针别上…；用曲别针别上…Jason paper-clipped a photo of himself to his resume.杰森将一张自己的照片用回形针别在简历上。paperclip [sth] to [sth] vtr (attach with a paperclip)用回形针附上；夹上The cashier paperclipped the check to the invoice.par [sth] vtr (golf) (高尔夫)按标准杆数把球击入Adrian parred the last two holes.parachute [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (drop by parachute) (用降落伞)将...空投给Supplies were parachuted to the climbers last night.parade [sth] in front of [sb] v expr figurative (flaunt)在...面前夸示；给...炫耀Richard paraded his wealth in front of his poorer friends.理查德在比他穷的朋友面前炫富。parade as [sth] vi + prep figurative (masquerade as)装扮成；假扮成；伪装成parade [sth/sb] around, also UK: parade [sth/sb] about vtr + adv (display ostentatiously)招摇地展示；炫耀parallel to [sth] adv + prep (alongside)与...并排地；与...平行地The street runs parallel to the railroad track.那条街跟铁道平行。parallel [sth] vtr (line, road: run alongside)与...平行This street parallels the railroad track.parallel [sth] vtr (story, situation: be similar to) (事情、情况等)与...极其相似Many of Mark's experiences parallel my own.parallel [sth] vtr (match, equal)相对应；相配The rate of inflation is paralleling the price of oil.parallel [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (equate, liken)使...与...相似；把...与...等同paralyze [sth] (US), paralyse [sth] (UK) vtr (body part: make immobile)使瘫痪；使麻痹The stroke paralyzed the right side of Bob's face.paralyze [sth] (US), paralyse [sth] (UK) vtr figurative (bring [sth] to a standstill)使…停顿，使…停滞； (比喻)使...瘫痪Disputes paralyzed the legal settlement for months before an agreement was reached.paraphrase [sth] vtr (reword, rephrase)将…重述；将…释义The journalist paraphrased a technical paper for lay readers.parboil [sth] vtr (boil briefly prior to roasting)把…煮成半熟vtrparcel [sth] vtr (divide into sections)分；划分Dan parceled the sandwiches into separate packs, so everyone would carry their own lunch.parch [sth] vtr (make very dry)使极干，使干透；使干涸The hot sun parched the desert.parch [sth] vtr (corn: roast)烤干；烘烤The street vendor parched the corn and sold it to his customers.pardon [sb] for [sth] v expr (excuse for [sth] done)原谅某人曾做过的某事Charles II pardoned his commander for his role in the Civil War.pardon [sb] for doing [sth] v expr (forgive for sin, crime)宽恕（某人某事）；饶恕（某人某事）Robert pardoned his son for behaving badly.pardon [sth] vtr (forgive: crime, bad behavior) (罪孽、不当行为等)宽恕；饶恕Robert pardoned his son's behaviour.Pardon me for [sth] expr (Excuse me for [sth])请原谅我的某事Pardon me for the interruption, but do you know where your father is?Pardon me for doing [sth] expr (Excuse me for doing [sth])希望不介意我做某事Pardon me for saying so, but do you think that's a good idea?pare [sth] vtr (fruit: peel, cut skin from) (果皮)剥，削You need to pare the apple before adding it to the pot.pare [sth] vtr figurative (expenses: reduce) (开支)削减，缩减The budget cuts caused the company to pare expenses.parenthesize [sth], also UK: parenthesise [sth] vtr (grammar: put [sth] between brackets)加括号于；加括弧于park [sth] vtr (place: a vehicle) (车辆)停；泊；停放She parked the car and got out.她把车停好，走了出来。park [sth] vtr slang, figurative (place, deposit: [sth]) (俚语)放置；靠He parked his backside in the armchair and fell asleep.park [sth] vtr figurative, informal (temporarily put aside)暂时将...放一放；暂时搁置Let's park that idea for now until we can discuss it with Jon.parlay [sth] into [sth] vtr US, figurative (use asset, talent)利用...取得；通过...获得The woman parlayed her savings into a successful business.parlay [sth] on [sth] vtr US (stake on a new bet)将...下注在；将...赌在The gambler parlayed his winnings on the next race and won even bigger.parody [sb/sth] vtr (mimic, mock)嘲弄地模仿；通过模仿嘲弄He was parodying one of his professors when the professor walked in.parrot [sth] vtr (mimic words)鹦鹉学舌般重复Ben parroted everything Dan said.本鹦鹉学舌般重复丹所说的每句话。parry [sth] vtr (fencing: deflect) (击剑)挡As the attacker swung, the fencer parried, then sidestepped his charge.parry [sth] vtr figurative (defend yourself against)回避The senator parried the embarrassing question by raising a similar issue about his opponent.parse [sth] vtr (analyze grammatically)对句子做语法分析We have to parse 50 Latin sentences for our homework.parse [sth] vtr (analyze: computer data) (数据)分析It will take researchers months to parse the data from the satellite.parts of [sth] npl (areas of a country, region)地区；区域It's safer not to venture into certain parts of London.最好不要冒险进入伦敦的某些区域，以免出危险。part [sth] vtr (divide)分开；拆开A police officer parted the crowd.part [sth] vtr archaic (apportion)分配，分摊He parted the winnings among his friends.part [sth] vtr (force apart)迫使分开；强使分开The director parted the curtains and stepped onto the stage.导演拉开幕布，登上舞台。part and parcel of [sth] n figurative (integral part of whole)有机组成部分；不可分割的部分partake in [sth] vi + prep (join in)参与；参加Being a very quiet employee, she didn't often partake in office festivities.partake of [sth] vi + prep (share in)分享I decided not to partake of the wine, as I had to drive home.partial to [sth] adj + prep (fond of)偏好…的I am rather partial to anything chocolate. Raphaël is partial to a glass of good wine.participate in [sth] vi + prep (be part of)参与We want the whole production department to participate in this project.我们希望生产部门全体都能参与到这个项目中来。particularize [sth], also UK: particularise [sth] vtr formal (specify [sth])详尽叙述；详细举例；具体说明partition [sth] vtr (divide)分隔，隔开；分割，划分We can't decide how to partition the land.party to [sth], a party to [sth] adj (involved in [sth])参加；参与；卷入I refuse to be party to all your lies and deceit!我拒绝参与你任何的谎言与欺骗！pasquinade [sb/sth] vtr literary (lampoon)写讽刺文章挖苦；写文章嘲讽pass [sb/sth] vtr (go past)经过；走过；路过The bus passed me without stopping.公交车从我身边开过，没有停车。pass [sth] vtr (get through)穿过；通过First you need to pass customs, then you have to wait for your luggage.先要过海关，然后还得等着取行李。pass [sb/sth] vtr (driving: overtake) (驾驶)超过；超...的车The racecar passed his opponent at the last minute to win the race.这辆赛车在最后关头超过对手，赢得比赛。pass [sth] vtr (object: hand to [sb])递Could you please pass the salt?能把盐递给我吗？pass [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (object: give, hand)把…递给He passed the pen to her.他把钢笔递给了她。pass [sth] vtr (candidate: succeed) (考试等)通过She passed her driving test on her first attempt.她第一次就通过了驾驶考试。pass [sth] vtr (law: approve) (法律)通过，批准The law was passed by a vote of seventy to thirty.该项法规以七十票对三十票获得通过。pass [sth] vtr (not fail: exam)通过（考试等）I passed the test!我通过了考试！pass [sth] vtr (ball: transfer) (球类)传To play well as part of a team, it's important to pass the ball, rather than just keeping it to yourself.pass [sth] vtr euphemism (excrete, discharge)排出（结石、尿液等）They say it is painful to pass a kidney stone.他们说通过尿液排出肾结石是很痛的。pass [sth] vtr (judgement: criticism)发表对…的批评；对…作出评论The columnist passed judgement against the candidate's plans.pass [sth] vtr (judgement: a sentence) (判决)通过, 宣布The judge passed a sentence of five years' imprisonment on the criminal.pass [sth] vtr (exceed)超过；超越The rocket's speed quickly passed two hundred kilometres per hour.pass [sth] vtr (circulate)传, 传递；传播, 散播They passed the popcorn around the table.pass [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (ball: transfer to [sb]) (体育运动)把（球）传给He passed the basketball to his teammate, then his teammate shot it.他把球传给队友，随即队友就投篮了。pass [sth] around, pass around [sth], also UK: pass [sth] round, pass round [sth] vtr + adv (distribute)分发；发放They passed around sandwiches and drinks at the party.pass [sth] around [sth], also UK: pass [sth] round [sth] vtr + prep (circulate)传递, 传阅Please sign the petition and pass it round the office.pass for [sth/sb] vi + prep (be taken to be)被认作He could easily pass for his brother, they look so much alike.pass on [sth] vi + prep (be unable to answer)跳过；略过The quiz contestant passed on two questions.那位比赛选手跳过了两个问题。pass on [sth] vi + prep US (fail to make payment) (付款等)漏掉，忘记Unfortunately, you have passed on the last five payments and are heavily in debt.不幸的是，你漏付了过去五次还款，现已负债累累。pass through [sth] vi + prep (get through)穿过It took us 20 minutes to pass through the Mont Blanc Tunnel.我们用了20分钟穿过勃朗峰隧道。passionate about [sth] adj + prep (cares, believes strongly in)热衷于，对…充满热情Dan is passionate about his human rights work.丹热衷于自己的人权工作。passivize [sth] vtr US (verb: put into the passive)使变为被动，被动化passport to [sth] n figurative ([sth] providing admission) (比喻)…的通行证Fame and money are not necessarily a passport to happiness.a past master at [sth] n (person: skilled)大师；老手；行家Don't believe a word he says. He's a past master at lying.无论他说什么，你都不要相信。他是个撒谎老手。paste [sth] vtr (attach, glue)粘；粘贴；把…粘在一起Tara is pasting the poster on the wall.塔拉把海报贴在墙上。paste [sth] vtr (computing) (计算机)粘贴If you take this section of text and paste it in here instead, your essay will be much better.paste [sb/sth] vtr slang (hit)猛击；狠击Emma pasted George one right in the mouth.pasteurize [sth], also UK: pasteurise [sth] vtr (treat [sth] to kill germs)对…进行巴氏消毒；对…进行巴氏灭菌The farm pasteurized the milk in order to make cheese.pat [sth] vtr (back, head, etc.: tap)拍（头、背等）；拍打（头）Hazel patted the dog's head.黑泽尔拍了拍小狗的头。pat [sth] vtr (tap gently)轻拍"Come and sit down," the old lady said, patting the seat next to her.那位老奶奶轻轻拍了拍身边的座位，说：“来，坐下。”pat [sb/sth] on the head v expr (touch gently on head)轻轻地拍…的头Rob patted his son on the head.patch of [sth] n (area of land, grass)小块土地There is a patch of grass between the flower bed and the vegetable patch.花圃和菜地中间有一小块儿草地。patch [sb] through to [sb/sth] v expr dated (telephone: connect to external line) (电话，过时用语)把…转接给，把…转到The operator patched me through to our London branch.电话操作员帮我转接了伦敦办事处。patch [sth] vtr (computing: fix) (计算机)加补丁，打补丁Ben has patched this program and now the problem is fixed.；patch [sth] vtr (mend: clothes, etc.)修补；给...打补丁John has patched his jeans to hide the hole.patch [sth] vtr (join patches)用布拼Hester is patching a quilt.patch [sth] vtr (wall: repair) (墙)修补patch [sth] together vtr + adv (assemble roughly)拼凑Sam patched a team together for Saturday's football match.patent [sth] vtr (obtain patent)为…取得专利证，为…申请专利Paula advised Grace to patent her invention as soon as possible, so no one would be able to steal it.波拉建议格蕾丝尽快为自己的发明申请专利，这样就没人能窃取她的发明了。pathologize [sth], also UK: pathologise [sth] vtr (psychology: treat [sth] as abnormal) (心理学)病态化patient of [sth] adj + prep formal (able to endure [sth])能忍耐…，能忍受…patrol [sth] vtr (watch over an area)巡逻；巡查Police officers were patrolling the streets to make residents feel safer after the crime took place.patronize [sth], also UK: patronise [sth] vtr formal (be a regular customer)常常光顾；常到We've been patronizing this hotel for fifteen years.patronize [sth/sb], also UK: patronise [sth/sb] vtr (support, esp. financially)赞助；支援The foundation patronizes several young artists at a time.pattern [sth] on [sth], pattern [sth] after [sth], pattern [sth] upon [sth] vtr (model, base: on [sth])模仿；仿造；仿制This design is patterned after the latest Paris fashions.该设计模仿的是巴黎最新时装款式。pattern [sth] vtr (decorate with a pattern) (用花纹)装饰；装点I am going to pattern my new table with a stencil.patterned after [sth] adj (copied, based on [sth])仿造…的；仿效…的The airplane was patterned after the bird.pause to do [sth] v expr (stop for purpose)停下来做某事Oliver paused to think, before continuing with his work.pause [sth] vtr (stop temporarily)把…暂停Petra paused the meeting so that everyone could read the new information they had just received.pause [sth] vtr (DVD, etc.: stop temporarily)暂停播放Natalie paused the film while she answered the phone.pave [sth] vtr (surface: a path, road)铺（路）；铺砌，铺设The workers are paving the new road.工人们正在铺设新路。pave the way for [sth], pave the way to [sth] v expr figurative (be leading to)为…创造条件；为…铺平道路New research is paving the way for a cancer vaccine.paw [sth] vtr (animal: touch with foot) (用爪子)抓；挠；刨The cat was pawing the mouse, upset that it wouldn't play anymore.那只猫用爪子刨着老鼠，因为它不能再玩而失望。pawn [sth] vtr (exchange for a loan)典当；抵押Nancy needed money to pay some bills, so she pawned a necklace until payday.南希需要钱付账单，所以将项链当了等到发工资再赎回。pawn [sth] off on [sb] v expr nonstandard (get rid of [sth] by giving it to [sb])把不要的...送给备注: See "palm off"pay for [sth] vi + prep (give money in exchange)付账；付款He paid for his dinner when the bill came.账单送来后，他付了晚饭钱。pay [sb] [sth] vtr (offer money to)给...支付I'll pay you five dollars if you tell me where he went.他们每年支付6万美元工资。pay [sth] vtr (settle)结清；付清I would like to pay my account now.我希望现在能结清账户。pay [sth] for [sth] vtr + prep (give money for)为…付（钱）；付钱买What a nice dress! How much did you pay for it?这裙子多好看啊！你花多少钱买的？pay [sb] [sth] for [sth] vtr + prep (give money in exchange)给某人付（钱）买某物I'll pay you ten dollars for that shirt.我付你10美元买那件衬衣。pay [sb] to do [sth] v expr (offer money to do [sth])付钱给某人做某事They paid him to redecorate their house.他们付钱给他，让他重新装修他们的房子。pay [sb] [sth] to do [sth] v expr (give money in exchange)给某人…（钱）做某事My dad paid me five pounds to clean his car.我爸付我5英镑，让我给他洗车。pay [sth] (to [sb]) vtr (respects, tribute: show)致以（敬意）；表达（尊敬）He paid his respects to the king.他向国王致以敬意。pay [sth] vtr nautical (let ship fall to leeward) (航海，绳索等)放松pay to do [sth] v expr figurative (be beneficial)对…有利；对…有好处It usually pays to be nice to people.对别人好通常会有好报。pay [sth] vtr nautical (tar ship's bottom) (航海)给...上沥青pay for [sth] vi + prep figurative, informal (suffer consequences)为…付出代价You'll pay for what you did to me - I'll make sure of that!你会为自己对我的所作所为付出代价的。这点我很确信！pay [sth] vtr (yield as a return)产生…的收益The stock paid six percent last year.去年，股票市场产生了6%的收益。pay [sth] vtr (taxes: contribute)纳（税）As someone who pays her taxes, I like to have a say in what the council does with my money.作为一个纳税人，我希望就委员会对纳税人的钱的处理方法发表一下自己的意见。pay a high price for [sth] v expr figurative (suffer for [sth])因...付出高昂代价pay attention to [sth] v expr (take notice of)注意Please pay attention to this important information.请注意听这一条重要信息。pay attention to [sth] v expr (concentrate on)注意；仔细听Pay close attention to every word he says.请仔细听他说的每一个字。pay [sb] back for [sth] v expr (return money borrowed from [sb])还…钱给某人I paid him back for the drinks he had bought us.我将他请我们喝酒的钱还了。pay close attention to [sth] v expr (take notice of [sth])密切注意...Pay close attention to what I say because I won't repeat it.pay good money for [sth] v expr informal (pay a considerable sum for [sth])花大价钱购买I paid good money for this, but now I find it's a worthless piece of junk.pay heed to [sth], give heed to [sth] v expr (take notice of, listen to)留意；关注You need to pay heed to the explanation leaflet before you take the medication.pay homage to [sb/sth] vtr (show one's respect towards)向…表示敬意The worshippers paid homage to their leader.pay homage to [sb/sth] vtr (do [sth] as a tribute to)以…向…致敬Fans organized a candlelit vigil to pay homage to their fallen star.pay [sth] in full vtr (repay completely)全额偿还pay it forward, pay [sth] forward n (pass on good deed)让爱传出去；把这份情传递下去pay lip service to [sth/sb], pay [sth/sb] lip service v expr figurative (give superficial attention)口惠而实不至Obama paid lip service to closing Guantanamo, but he hasn't taken action yet.pay [sth] out, pay out [sth] vtr + adv (rope, line: slacken gradually) (绳索，线)逐渐变松pay special attention to [sth] v expr (take specific note of)特别留意；特别关注The math teacher said we should pay special attention to the negative signs.pay through the nose for [sth] v expr figurative (spend too much money on [sth])为…支付高昂费用；为…花大价钱He paid through the nose for that car, and it's nothing but a piece of junk.pay tribute to [sb/sth] v expr (speak respectfully of)向…致敬Everyone paid tribute to the firemen's bravery in rescuing the child.payable to [sb/sth] adj + prep (to be paid to a named person)支付给Please make your check payable to the organization, not to me directly.peck [sth] vtr (bird: puncture with beak) (鸟)啄穿Blue-tits have been pecking the tops of the milk bottles again.peculiar to [sb/sth] adj + prep (unique to, characteristic of)是…特有的；是…独有的；专属于That expression is peculiar to British English; most Americans wouldn't understand it.那种表达法是英式英语中独有的，多数美国人听不懂。pedal [sth] vtr (cycle: move by pedalling) (自行车)蹬着…的脚踏板前进；骑She strained to pedal the bike up the hill.peddle [sth] vtr (sell)叫卖；兜售A man came around peddling garlic and onions.peddle [sth] vtr often pejorative, informal (sell, vend)叫卖；兜售Are you still peddling insurance?peddle [sth] vtr figurative, often pejorative, informal (spread: ideas, lies) (谎言、理念等)散布，散播，兜售The chairman accused the speaker of peddling lies.peddler of [sth] n figurative, informal (person who spreads: lies, gossip, etc.) (流言等的)传播者My father always told me not to be a peddler of gossip.我父亲总是跟我说不要传播流言。pedestrianize [sth], also UK: pedestrianise [sth] vtr (open [sth] only to those on foot)使只对行人开放；使成为行人专用peek into [sth], peek inside [sth] vi + prep informal (look in furtively) (非正式用语)偷看peel [sth] vtr (remove skin from: fruit, etc.) (水果、蔬菜等)削皮，剥皮Ray has been peeling potatoes all day.雷整天都在给土豆削皮。peel [sth] vtr (remove outer layer of)剥掉…的皮Grace peeled the bark from the tree.格蕾丝剥掉了树的皮。peel [sth] off [sth] vtr + prep (remove: outer layer from [sth])把…从…上剥下来Harry peeled the old paint off the door before applying the new paint.上新油漆之前，哈利把旧漆从门上剥了下来。peel [sth] off vtr + adv (remove: fruit skin) (果皮)剥，去除I peeled off the skin of the apple, then cored it and cut it into wedges.peel [sth] back vtr + adv literal (remove: covering)剥除；剥去...的皮peel [sth] back vtr + adv figurative (remove, set aside)揭开；拨开Peel back the layers and look at the root of the problem.peel [sth] back vi + adv figurative (repeal)反对；废止They protested efforts to peel back election reforms.peel [sth] off, peel off [sth] vtr + adv figurative (remove: layer by layer) (一层层地)剥除；脱去The striptease dancer peeled off her clothes during the show.脱衣女郎在表演中脱去了衣服。peen [sth] vtr (metal: work with a hammer, etc.)用锤子敲打peep into [sth] vi + prep (look inside quickly)窥视；往…里偷看I peeped into the room to see if the children were asleep.Margaret peeped inside the envelope.我往房间里偷看，看孩子们睡着没有。// 玛格丽特往信封里偷看了一眼。peep out at [sth/sb] v expr (look out furtively)偷窥...peg [sth] vtr (secure with pegs)用桩子固定Wendy pegged the tent to the ground.温蒂用桩子固定住了帐篷。peg [sth] (on [sth]) vtr (hang: to dry, etc.)把…用衣夹晾起来Felicity is pegging the washing on the line.费雷西提正把洗干净的衣物用衣夹子晾起来。peg [sth] vtr (place marker on) (以标出界限等)钉桩peg [sth] vtr (fix: value or price)定价；将价格定为The company pegged the price at $60.公司将价格定为60美金。peg [sb] as [sth] vtr + prep informal, figurative (identify: [sb] as [sth])把…认定成Dorothy pegged Alan as a busybody.peg [sth] vtr (throw forcefully: baseball, etc.)投；投掷The pitcher pegged the ball to the first baseman.pellet [sth] vtr (hit with [sth])用弹丸状物投掷Rain was pelleting the window.雨点敲窗。pelt [sb/sth] with [sth] vtr (bombard with [sth])用某物对…攻击The angry crowd began to pelt the police officers with rocks.pelt [sb/sth] vtr (bombard)向某人投掷以攻击，连续地向…投掷；抨击，激烈攻击An angry crowd of protesters armed with eggs pelted the politician as she fled.那位政客逃跑的时候，一群愤怒的抗议者向她投掷鸡蛋。pen [sth] vtr literary (write) (书面语)创作；写The poet penned the book in 1832.诗人在1832年写成了这部书。pen [sth] vtr (animals: confine) (动物)把…关入围栏，把…关进圈里At night the farmer pens the sheep in a small enclosure.夜晚，农夫把羊群关进一个小小的羊圈里。penalize [sb] for [sth], also UK: penalise [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (punish [sb] for [sth])为某事处罚某人We don't penalize children for creativity; we reward them.penalize [sb] for doing [sth], also UK: penalise [sb] for doing [sth] v expr (punish [sb] for doing [sth])为做了某事而处罚某人The store penalizes people for shoplifting by calling the police.penchant for [sth] n French (strong liking)嗜好；爱好My brother lost his penchant for fast cars after he was in an accident.我哥哥出车祸后，便不再爱好跑车了。pencil [sth] vtr (write [sth] in pencil)用铅笔写Steve pencilled his thoughts on the pad.史蒂夫用铅笔在拍纸簿上写下自己的想法。penetrate [sth] vtr (pierce)刺入；穿透；进入The bullet penetrated the wall.penetrate into [sth] vi + prep (get in, gain entrance) (指进入团体等)打入，打进；进入The explorers penetrated into the interior of the jungle.penetrate [sth] vtr (get into, gain entrance to)进入；打入The soldiers penetrated the government building and took control.penetrate [sth] vtr (permeate)渗入The tobacco smoke penetrated the room.penetrate [sth] vtr figurative (comprehend)了解；洞察The students began to penetrate the mysteries of Einstein's theories.people [sth] vtr (populate)居住在；居住于They wanted immigrants to come and people the state.他们希望移民能来这个州居住。pepper [sth] vtr (season with pepper)在...中撒黑胡椒；用黑胡椒给...调味The waiter peppered our steaks for us.服务生帮我们在牛排上撒了黑胡椒。pepper [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep figurative (shoot)用...扫射；用...射击He peppered the target with a round from his machine gun.他用机关枪向敌人扫射了一梭子弹。pepper [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep figurative (speech, text: punctuate with [sth]) (文章，演讲: 修辞、引用、妙语等)使…充满…，在…中大量加入…The teacher peppers his speech with Latin terms.这位老师在演说中加入了许多拉丁术语。perambulate [sth] vtr formal (walk around a place)散步, 溜弯perceive [sth/sb] vtr (with object: detect with the senses) (通过感官)察觉到，察觉出；感知到Jess perceived a tinge of regret in Simon's voice.杰西从西蒙的声音中察觉出一丝悔恨之意。perceive [sth] vtr (with object: discern, understand)觉察，察觉，发觉Jane perceived Martin's unwillingness to change his mind.简发觉马丁不愿意改变主意。perch [sb/sth] vtr (balance)把…放在…；把…放在…边缘The cocktail waiter perched a slice of lemon on the rim of the glass.The father lifted his daughter and perched her on a high branch of the tree.percolate [sth] vtr (filter)过滤；滤过The researchers percolated the substance in order to extract a specific compound.perfect [sth] vtr (make perfect)使完美；完善He practiced every day to perfect his shot.他每天练习，以完善自己的投球技术。perfectionate [sth] vtr rare (make perfect)使…完美perforate [sth] vtr (make hole in, pierce)穿孔于；打孔于；在...上凿孔The arrow perforated its target.perforate [sth] vtr (make series of holes in)在…上打一行小孔；在…上打齿孔；给…打孔眼线The hole-punch perforated a stack of papers.perform [sth] vtr (enact)表演；演出They performed a skit to amuse the crowd.他们表演了一个幽默小品来娱乐观众。perform [sth] vtr (duty, task: carry out)履行，执行；进行If you can't perform the activities required, find someone who can.如果你无法执行所要求的行动，那就找个能做到的人来。perform [sth] vtr (fulfil)完成；履行He was not authorised to perform her request.perfume [sth] vtr (use perfume)喷香水于，洒香水于；给...熏香Lauren perfumes her writing paper.perfume [sth] vtr (give pleasant smell to)使…变得很香The jasmine perfumed the air in the garden.peripheralize [sth/sb] vtr (move [sth/sb] to outer area)使 ... 处于边缘；排斥permeate [sth] vtr (physically: penetrate)渗入；透过；渗透The drug will permeate your bloodstream in about ten minutes.permeate [sth] vtr figurative (idea: pervade) (思想等)扩散；传播The idea of revolution began to permeate society as a whole.permit [sth] vtr (allow)准许；许可I will not permit that kind of language in my house!在我家不准说这种粗话！permit [sb] to do [sth] v expr (allow to do)允许某人做某事；准许某人做某事Lisa's parents permitted her to go to the party.丽莎的父母准许她去参加聚会。permit [sth] vtr (provide opportunity for)为…提供机会；给…提供可能These vents permit the escape of fumes from the workshop.permute [sth] vtr (rearrange sequence)改变…的顺序；改变…的次序perpend [sth] vtr archaic (ponder)考虑；琢磨perpetrate [sth] vtr formal (carry out, commit) (正式用语)做（坏事）；犯（罪）The police are sure they know who perpetrated the burglary.perpetrate [sth] on [sb] vtr + prep formal (do [sth] to [sb])对…做；犯罪The victims were awarded compensation for the violence that had been perpetrated on them.perpetuate, perpetuate [sth] vtr (cause to continue)使继续存在His comedy serves to perpetuate racial stereotypes.persecute [sb] for [sth] v expr (oppress because of)因…迫害The regime persecuted people for holding liberal views.persist in [sth] vi + prep (continue with: behavior, belief)坚持Meghan persisted in her refusal to allow the new workers to choose their desks.persist in doing [sth] v expr (continue to do)持续做某事；不断做某事He persists in scratching the scab so the wound hasn't healed.person in charge of [sth] n (manager of [sth])负责…的人To get access, you'll have to speak with the person in charge of security.personalize [sth], also UK: personalise [sth] vtr (make [sth] personally meaningful)使个性化；使个人化You should personalize your blog with details from your own experiences.personalize [sth], also UK: personalise [sth] vtr (customize [sth])根据个人要求定制；按个人要求定做The woman personalized her clothing by having it tailored to her exact measurements.personalize [sth], also UK: personalise [sth] vtr (mark [sth] with name, initials) (表示某人专用)为…标上某人的姓名The bride and groom personalized their wedding rings by inscribing them with the couple's initials.personify [sth] vtr (typify, embody)是…的典型；是…的化身That money-grabbing tycoon personifies the ruthless ambition of some executives.personify [sth] vtr (art, literature: represent as human) (艺术或文学作品)把…拟人化The Greek goddess Demeter personifies the abundance of the earth.persuade [sb] to do [sth] v expr (cause to do)促使某人做某事；使得某人做某事；说服某人做某事Wendy persuaded Paula to ask the boss for a pay rise.温蒂说服了宝拉去跟老板要求加薪。persuade [sb] of [sth] vtr + prep (convince)使某人相信某事；说服某人相信某事Mark persuaded Olivia of the truth of his argument.马克说服奥利维亚相信他论据的真实性。pertain to [sth] vi + prep (relate, be relevant to)与…有关；关于Please limit your discussion to facts that pertain to the case.请仅讨论与本案有关的事实。pertain to [sth] vi + prep (belong to)属于...These are duties that pertain to our ministry.be pertinent to [sth] v expr (be relevant to [sth])与…有关I have some new evidence that is pertinent to the investigation.peruse [sth] vtr formal (read thoroughly)细读，精读I didn't have time to peruse your article this morning.pervade [sth] vtr (spread through)散播于；传遍A sense of merriment began to pervade the room.pervade [sth] vtr figurative (affect all aspects of)弥漫于；渗透于；影响His gloomy pessimism pervades his latest novel.pervert [sth] vtr (corrupt)妨碍；腐化The corporation tried to pervert the law by offering bribes to city officials.pester [sb] for [sth] v expr (keep asking [sb] for [sth])缠着…索取The children pestered their mother for candy.pester [sb] to do [sth] v expr (keep insisting that [sb] do [sth])喋喋不休地让某人做某事The wife pestered her husband to take out the trash.pet [sth] vtr (pat, caress an animal)抚摸；轻抚I could feel the dog's thick fur when I petted him.我抚摸这条狗的时候，觉得它身上毛绒绒的。petition for [sth] vtr (law: request) (法律)诉请；向法院申请You should petition the court for a protection order.petition [sb] for [sth] vtr (law: request)向…申请；向…请愿The lawyer petitioned the president for a pardon.petition [sb], petition [sb] to do [sth] vtr (make formal request to)向…提出...的正式请求；向...申请做某事Parents petitioned the principal to cancel the assembly.petrify [sb/sth] vtr figurative (terrify)吓呆；吓傻； (比喻极为恐惧)令...石化petrify [sb/sth] vtr (turn to stone)使石化，使变成石头phase [sth] vtr (arrange gradually)分阶段逐步进行The company phased the changes so they weren't too disruptive.phase [sth] vtr (synchronize)使同步；使一致Neil attempted to phase his speakers.phase [sth] out of [sth] v expr (eliminate, withdraw)把...从...中去除，把...从...中逐步废除The airline is phasing this plane out of its fleet.那家航空公司正在逐渐淘汰这种飞机。photobomb [sth/sb] vtr informal (appear in photo as prank)抢...的镜头photocopy [sth] vtr (copy: a document)复印；影印Please take a seat while our receptionist photocopies your documents.photoengrave [sth] vtr (produce by photoengraving)光刻vtr；光镂photograph [sth/sb] vtr (take photo of)给…拍照；为…摄影Sophie photographed the mountains.索菲拍下群山的照片。photostat [sth] vtr trademark (make a copy of)用直接影印机影印photosynthesize [sth], also UK: photosynthesise [sth] vtr (light: convert into energy)通过光合作用产生phrase [sth] vtr (express in words)措辞表达，用语言表达；斟酌…的语句Your ideas are good, but I think you could phrase them better. Larry phrased his thoughts badly and Daniel took offence.你的想法很好，不过我觉得你可以用更好的语言将其表达出来。拉里在表达自己想法时措辞不妥，得罪了丹尼尔。phrase [sth] vtr (music: group into phrases) (音乐)乐句划分Josh has phrased this piece of music beautifully.pi [sth] vtr (printing: muddle up types) (活字)使…混杂The compositor pied the type.pick [sth] vtr (choose, select)选择；挑选Brenda has to pick her favourite flavour of ice cream.布伦达得挑最合自己口味的冰淇淋。pick [sth] vtr (flowers, fruit, etc.) (鲜花等)摘；采Charlie likes to pick flowers for his girlfriend.查理喜欢采花送给他女朋友。pick [sth] vtr (remove matter from, clean)清除；拔去；剔除Doug had to pick thorns out of his trousers.道格得拔去裤子里的刺儿。pick [sth] vtr (a fight, a quarrel: provoke)找茬；挑起David always picks fights at school.大卫在学校总是找茬打架。pick [sth] with [sb] vtr + prep (fight, quarrel: provoke with [sb])挑起与...的争端；故意与...争吵Please stop picking quarrels with your sister.You don't want to pick a fight with that guy—he's twice your size!拜托，不要再跟你妹妹故意吵架了。那人的体型比你大一倍，你可不要故意去惹他！pick at [sth] vtr + prep (eat slowly)慢慢地吃；细嚼慢咽Edith just picked at her food.pick [sth] vtr (pluck a musical instrument) (乐器)弹奏, 弹拨My uncle picks a banjo.pick [sth] vtr (break apart with a pick)剔, 凿He picked the rock carefully in order to remove the fossil.pick [sth] vtr (lock: unlock)撬开The cat burglar picked the lock.pick [sth/sb] apart v expr (find many faults with)严厉批评pick [sth] clean vtr + adj (remove meat from a bone) (骨头)把…啃干净The hyenas picked the bones clean.鬣狗把骨头啃得干干净净。pick grapes off [sth] v expr (pluck grapes from)从…摘葡萄The boy picked the grapes off the vine and ate them one by one.pick holes in [sth] v expr figurative, informal (find fault)挑…的毛病，挑…的错pick [sth/sb] over [sth/sb] vtr + prep (choose [sth/sb] over [sth/sb] else)选择...而不选...；选择...而非...I still don't understand why she picked him over me.pickaback [sb/sth] vtr informal, dated (piggyback [sb/sth])背着picket [sth] vtr (protest by blocking entry to)对...进行罢工纠察；对...举行罢工抗议The workers picketed the hotel because of the terrible working conditions.pickle [sth] vtr (preserve in vinegar)腌制，腌；腌渍Peter is pickling cabbage.彼得正在腌卷心菜。picture [sth] vtr (imagine)构想；想象Try to picture Leslie in a tuxedo.想象一下莱斯利穿着燕尾服的样子。picture [sth] vtr (shown, depicted)展示；显示They were pictured sitting in the meadow.picture [sth] vtr figurative (describe)描写；描述The author pictured their bravery in glowing language.piece [sth] together vtr + adv figurative (make coherent) (比喻)把…拼凑起来It was hard to piece together what he meant.piece [sth] together vtr + adv (assemble, collate)把…拼合起来；组装I pieced together a bookshelf from boards and cement blocks.pierce [sth] vtr (make: a hole in [sth])在…上打洞；在…上打孔The drill pierced the wall.电钻在墙上打了孔。pierce [sth] vtr (break through, penetrate)刺入；刺透；穿透The squadron pierced the enemy's defences. The sun pierced the clouds.小队穿透了敌人的防御线。阳光穿透了层云。pierce [sth] vtr figurative (understand)识破；看透Poirot succeeded in piercing the mystery.pierce [sth] vtr (stab, puncture)刺破；刺穿The spear pierced Henry's arm.pierce [sth] vtr figurative (sound: travel) (尖叫声等)穿破，穿透，穿过A cry pierced the night.pierce [sth] vtr (light: penetrate darkness) (光)穿透，穿破A dim light pierced the darkness in the room.pierce [sth] vtr (affect bodily) (寒风等)刺透，刺穿The cold pierced Malcolm to his very bones.pierce [sth] vtr figurative (affect emotionally) (比喻，感情上)刺透，穿透，痛彻（心扉）Tom's unkind words pierced his father's heart.pierce through [sth] vi + prep (penetrate, make a hole in)穿透；突破pig [sth] vtr (give birth to piglets) (猪仔)生, 下The sow pigged eight piglets.pigeonhole [sb/sth], also UK: pigeon-hole [sb/sth] vtr figurative (categorize)分类The baseball coach pigeonholed his pitchers and wouldn't let them play other positions.棒球教练将投手分在一起，不允许他们打其他位置。pigeonhole [sb/sth] as [sth], also UK: pigeon-hole [sb/sth] as [sth] vtr + prep figurative (categorize as)轻率分类；主观划分；贸然归类The media pigeonholed the demonstrators as "communists and anarchists."媒体将示威者一股脑地归为“共产主义者和无政府暴徒”。piggyback [sb/sth] vtr informal (carry on the back)扛着；背着Hop on; I'll piggyback you to school today.piggyback [sth] on [sth], piggyback [sth] onto [sth] vtr + prep US, figurative, informal (carry, attach to [sth] else)添加某物到…上They're going to piggyback this clause onto the amendment.piggyback on [sth] vi + prep US, informal (be carried, attached to [sth] else)利用；借助；沾…光If I can piggyback on your idea, I'd like to add something.a pile of [sth] n informal, figurative, often plural (large amount)大量，很多Irene couldn't go out as she had a pile of work to do.艾琳有很多工作要做，不能外出。pile [sth] vtr (make into a pile, stack)堆砌；堆起；堆叠Steve piled the food on the plate.史蒂夫在盘中堆满了食物。pile into [sth] vi + prep (crowd inside: a vehicle)挤进The seven of us piled into her little car and off we went.pile [sth] on, pile on [sth] vtr + prep (heap)堆积...；往...上堆Robert piled some more coal on the fire.pile on the [sth] vtr + prep figurative, informal (guilt, pressure: inflict)增加负担；加重压力；加重负罪感My grandmother really knows how to pile on the guilt; if I don't go to see her for a few days, she makes me feel terrible.pile on the [sth] vtr + prep figurative, informal (work, etc.: impose)增加...工作量The boss has really been piling on the work lately; I'm struggling to keep up with it.pile [sth] on [sb] vtr + prep figurative, informal (work, etc.: impose on)给某人增加某事的工作量Our maths teacher is piling the homework on us this term; I'm struggling to keep up.pilfer, pilfer [sth] vtr (steal in small amounts)（小量或小价值地）偷窃；小偷小摸The secretary was caught pilfering pens and pencils.pillage [sth] vtr (take loot)抢劫，掠夺，抢夺The invaders pillaged several towns.pillar of [sth] n ([sth] shaped like a pillar)一柱…，一股…A pillar of smoke rose from the ruins.废墟中冒出一柱烟。pillow [sth] vtr (support as if with pillows)给…当枕头垫着The passerby pillowed Tim's head and tried to make him comfortable.pilot [sth] vtr (plane, boat) (飞机、船只)开，驾驶The captain piloted the ship safely into harbour.船长安全地将船驶入港口。pilot [sth/sb] vtr figurative (lead, guide)引领；领导Amy piloted the company through a difficult first year.pimp [sth] vtr informal (make [sth] showy, accessorize)装饰, 改装The shop specializes in pimping cars.这家店专营汽车改装。pimp [sth] vtr slang (promote, advertise)推售I use social media to pimp my artwork.我通过社交媒体出售自己的艺术作品。pin [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (attach with a pin)将...钉在；将...钉牢在James pinned the poster to the noticeboard.詹姆斯将海报钉在告示板上。pin [sth] vtr (fix in place)固定；钉住The seamstress is pinning the hem of the dress.裁缝正在缝裙边。pin [sth] back, pin back [sth] vtr + adv (affix back with pin)把…向后别Lucy pinned back her hair.露西把头发别了起来。pin [sth/sb] vtr figurative (prevent from moving)制服；固定；压住；使...无法动弹The police officer pinned the suspect to the ground.Harry was pinned under the wreckage.pin [sth] on [sb] vtr + prep figurative, informal (blame)因为…怪罪…，把…推给…； (书面语)把…归咎于…I didn't break the glass; don't try to pin that on me.pin [sth] on vtr + adv (attach by pin)把…钉在Frank pinned the carnation on the lapel of his jacket.pin [sth] up, pin up [sth] vtr + adv (tack to a wall or board)钉住The teacher pinned up the pictures on the bulletin board for everyone to see.pin your hopes on [sth] v expr (rely on [sth])寄希望于pinch [sb/sth] vtr (squeeze with fingers)拧；捏Nancy pinched the baby's cheek.南希捏了捏宝宝的脸颊。pinch [sth] from [sth] vtr (break off)从…上揪下；从上…捏下Lucy pinched a piece of cookie dough from the ball and placed it on the baking tray.露西从面团上揪下一小块放到烤盘上做曲奇饼干。pinch [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep (trap sharply)将…夹在…里He pinched his fingers in the car door as he closed it.他关车门的时候将手指夹在门里了。pinch [sth] vtr informal (steal)偷拿；顺手牵羊Did you buy that necklace or did you pinch it? I pinched these flowers from the park!那条项链是你买的还是偷的？a pinch of [sth] n (cooking: small amount) (指数量)一捏；一撮；一掐Josh added a pinch of dried cilantro to the sauce.pinch [sb/sth] vtr (squeeze with fingers)掐疼；拧疼Michael pinched his little sister and made her cry.pine for [sb/sth] vi + prep (be nostalgic, long for)怀念，思念；渴盼Now that Tom is a teenager, his parents pine for the days when he wasn't so moody.现在汤姆是个十多岁的青少年，他的父母怀念过去他情绪波动不那么大的日子。pine to do [sth] v expr (person: yearn)向往；渴望Sasha was pining to get away from her home town.萨沙向往着离开自己的家乡。ping [sth] vtr (computing: test availability) (计算机)远程测试；通知；ping命令Ping the network server to see if it's on.pinion [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep figurative (person: pin against)固定在…；固定住The police officer pinioned the criminal to the ground.pinion [sth] vtr (bird: clip wings)剪去鸟的飞羽The breeder pinions the chicks so that they can't fly.pink [sth] vtr (cut a zigzag edge in)把…的边剪成锯齿形Pinking the edge of the fabric will reduce fraying.pinky promise [sth], pinkie promise vtr US, slang (hook fingers to make pact)拉勾承诺，拉勾发誓pinpoint [sth], pin-point [sth], pin point [sth] vtr figurative (show exact cause)找出…的确切原因It is difficult to pinpoint exactly why this problem has occurred.很难找出之所以会出现这个问题的确切原因。pinpoint [sth], pin-point [sth], pin point [sth] vtr figurative (show exact place)指出…的精准位置We know our agent is in this area, but we can't pinpoint his location at the moment.我知道我们的经纪人就在这个区域，但目前却无法确定他的准确位置。pinprick [sth] vtr (puncture)穿刺；在…刺孔Something pinpricked the raft it began to slowly deflate.pioneer [sth] vtr (innovate)探索创新；发明创造Marie has pioneered a new treatment for heart disease.pioneer [sth] vtr (be the first)开拓；开辟This group of people pioneered the first settlement in the region.pipe [sth] vtr (music: play on a pipe)用管乐器演奏The piper piped a tune.管乐器吹奏者用管乐器吹奏了一只曲子。pipe [sth] vtr (music: play on a flute, tin whistle)吹笛子；吹奏长笛The busker piped a traditional tune on his tin whistle.pipe [sth] vtr (convey: water, oil)用管道输送；用管子传输Water is piped from the tap to the greenhouse.pipe [sth] vtr (speak in a high-pitched voice)高声说；尖声说"Is that the best you can do?" he piped.pipe [sth] vtr (cooking: add using nozzle) (烹饪)用喷嘴添加，裱Veronica piped some frosting onto the cake.pipeclay [sth], pipe-clay [sth] vtr (whiten with pipeclay)用白陶土使...变白pipeline [sth] vtr (transport by pipe)用管道运输The company will pipeline the oil to a refinery.这家公司会用管道将油运输至炼油厂。pipeline [sth] vtr figurative (project: streamline)简化；精简pirate [sth] vtr (copy illegally)盗版；盗印；非法复制Ben has pirated a copy of Hugh Grant's latest film.pirate [sth] vtr (rob, plunder)盗用；劫掠pit [sth] vtr US (fruit: remove pit) (从核果中除去种子)把…的核剔除出去Pit the plums, cut them in half, and arrange them in the flan case.给梅子去核，然后对剖开来，再把它们塞进馅饼盒里。pit [sth] vtr (mark with indents)使坑坑洼洼The constant passage of the truck had pitted the country lane.由于不断地有卡车驶过，这条乡间小路变得坑坑洼洼的。；pit [sth] vtr usually passive (create holes)使…坑坑洼洼The ground all around here has been pitted by bombs.pit [sb/sth] against [sb/sth] vtr + prep (set to compete or fight)让…与…较量This match pits the titleholder against a complete unknown.pitch [sth] vtr (baseball: throw)扔（球）；投掷；投（球）To pitch a ball in baseball is to throw it at the batter.棒球中投球就是向击球员扔球。pitch [sth] vtr (throw)扔；丢Devon pitched the ball right over the plate.迪冯将球扔过垒包。pitch for [sth] vi + prep informal (try to get)尽力劝说以得到The agency pitched for the client's business.代理商尽力劝说客户，以得到那笔单子。pitch [sth] vtr (erect: a tent)支起；架起The campers decided to pitch their tent near the stream.pitch [sth] vtr (sound: adjust) (音调)调整；定The lower you pitch your voice, the more serious you sound.pitch [sth] vtr slang (attempt to sell)推销，为...大作广告Manufacturers usually pitch their product at specific markets.制造商通常在特定市场上大力推销他们的产品。pitch [sb/sth] vtr (toss, throw)扔向；丢向；摇荡The gale pitched him off his feet.那阵风把他刮倒在地。pitch [sth] vtr (attempt to get accepted)宣传，推销Jess pitched her idea at the weekly staff meeting and her boss loved it.pitchfork [sth] vtr (throw with a pitchfork)叉起…投掷The farmer pitchforked some hay into the barn.pith [sth] vtr often passive (kill animal by severing brainstem) (动物)用切断脑干或脊髓的方法杀死Three of the cows had to be pithed when they became infected.pitting [sb/sth] against [sb]/ [sth] n (placing in opposition)使...相竞争；使...对立；使...相较量pivot on [sth] vi + prep (rotate around)以…为支点转圈Too angry to speak, she pivoted on her heel and walked away.pivot on [sth/sb] vi + prep figurative (have as its determining factor)以…为中心；以…为重心The outcome of this project pivots on a few essential tasks.pixelate [sth], pixellate [sth] vtr (divide into pixels)像素化；分解成像素placate [sb/sth] vtr (pacify)抚慰；安抚；使平静Justin tried to placate the baby by giving her more and more candy.place [sth] vtr (put)放；放置He placed the book on the shelf.他把书放到了架子上。place [sb] in [sth] vtr (put: person in situation)让某人置于某种处境His action placed her in danger.place [sth] vtr (situate)放置；摆放She placed vases of flowers in the dining room.place [sth] vtr (arrange)摆放；放置；排放Place the books in chronological order.place [sb] in [sth], place [sb] as [sth] vtr (appoint)任命...为；指定...为；委派...做They placed him as head of the new sales team.place [sth] vtr (situate: in time) (日期)将...确定在；让...处于An anachronism is something placed in a period to which it does not belong.place [sth] vtr (bet) (赌注)下, 下注You only have a minute left to place your bet.place [sth], place [sth] for [sb] vtr (call) (电话)打给；致电Shall I place the call for you?place [sth] vtr (order) (订单)下, 发出I'd like to place an order for a dozen more items.place [sth] vtr (sport: kick or hit ball) (体育运动)踢进，踢入He placed the ball in the upper right corner of the net.place [sb/sth] vtr (identify)辩认出；认出This actor looks very familiar but I just can't place him.这个男演员看起来很眼熟，不过我就是认不出来。place [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep (put: an ad in a newspaper) (在报纸上登广告)在…上登…The couple needed a cleaner, so they placed an ad in the local paper.place a value on [sth] v expr (estimate monetary worth of)给…估价We asked an estate agent to place a value on our house.place a value on [sth] v expr (estimate the worth of)为…定价You cannot place a value on good health.place [sth] out of sight v expr (conceal [sth])将…藏起来Before the grandchildren arrive, I must place these biscuits out of sight!placekick [sth] vtr (ball: kick from stationary position)踢（定位球）vtrplagiarize [sth], also UK: plagiarise [sth] vtr (copy [sth]) (后接观点、文章等)剽窃，抄袭，盗用The student failed the course because he plagiarized a magazine article.plague of [sth] n figurative ([sth] bad and persistent) (比喻)挥之不去的瘟疫；阴魂不散的东西，令人烦扰的事物Anna has suffered a plague of misfortunes.不幸总是如影随形跟随着安娜。plague [sb/sth] vtr figurative, often passive (afflict)折磨；困扰That country has been plagued by misfortune.那个国家多灾多难。plan to do [sth] vi + prep (intend)计划；规划We're planning to buy a house next year.我们计划明年买房子。plan [sth] vtr (set a schedule)为…做计划；为…进行安排We need to plan the next few weeks.我们得计划一下后面几周的事情了。plan [sth] vtr (arrange)为…做安排；为…进行筹划He planned the campaign in minute detail.他为活动做了详细的计划。plan [sth] vtr (draw) (建筑)画…的设计图；绘制...的示意图I'll plan the whole area before we start building.plan for [sth] vi + prep (make plans)为…做计划；为…制定计划I've started planning for next year's vacation.我已经开始为明年的假期制定计划了。plane [sth] vtr (make level)平整；弄平The bulldozers planed the land.plane [sth] vtr (wood: smooth with a plane)用刨子把…刨平Richard planed the rough spots on the piece of wood until they were smooth.plank [sth] vtr (furnish with planks)铺上木板；装上板条The carpenter planked the bottom of the keel.plank [sth] vtr US (cook and serve on wooden board)在板上煮；用板盛菜Planking meat gives it a smoky flavor.plant [sth] vtr (place in soil)种植；栽种We are going to plant a tree in the garden.我们打算在花园里种棵树。plant [sth] vtr (put in position)放；放置The weightlifter planted his feet.plant [sth] vtr (place with careful aim)仔细瞄准；精确瞄准Lonnie planted a shot in the centre of the target.plant [sth] vtr (place animals)移殖； (指动物)把...引进某地Twenty deer were planted on the island to increase numbers.plant [sth] vtr (stock with fish)往…投放鱼苗The game warden planted the lake with trout.plant [sth/sb] vtr (place as a spy) (间谍等)安插The enemy wants to plant spies in our government.plant [sth] vtr (place incriminating evidence)栽；放置...故意栽赃The mafia planted the body in Jerry's car.plant [sth] vtr (place: explosives, bomb) (爆炸物，炸弹)放置The office received a call from someone claiming to have planted a bomb in the building.plash [sb/sth] vtr (splash with water) (水)飞溅，溅vplash [sth] vtr UK (weave: hedge branches) (篱笆等)用枝条架vplaster [sth] vtr (walls: coat with plaster) (墙壁等)用灰泥涂抹We need to plaster this room.这个房间需要用灰泥涂抹一遍。plaster [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep figurative, informal (spread: [sth] all over [sth])将…涂抹于；在…上涂抹Dawn plastered makeup on her face.道恩在自己脸上涂抹了许些化妆品。plaster [sth] all over [sth] v expr figurative, informal (spread: [sth] all over [sth])把…涂满Rick turned his back for a minute and the kids plastered ice cream all over the sofa.里克转过身去不过一分钟，他的孩子们就把沙发上涂满了冰淇淋。plaster [sth] over [sth], plaster [sth] all over [sth] vtr + prep figurative, informal (distribute, spread [sth] around)使…遍布…；在…到处传播…Melanie plastered the unflattering photo of her brother all over social media.梅兰妮在社交媒体上到处传播自己的弟弟不好看的照片。plaster [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep figurative, informal (cover: [sth] with [sth])在...上贴满了...；用…将…贴满Irene plastered all the notice boards in town with posters advertising her café.艾琳在小镇布告板上贴满了海报，宣传自己的咖啡厅。plaster [sth] down vtr + adv (cause to lie flat)抚平；弄平Colin plastered his hair down with Brylcreem.plasticize [sth], also UK: plasticise [sth] vtr (treat [sth] with plastic)用塑料处理；用塑料防护plat [sth] vtr US (legal: make map of) (法律)绘制地图The solicitors platted the area.事务律师绘制了该区域的地图。plat [sth] vtr archaic (plait, braid) (古语)编织The hat maker platted the straw.帽匠编织着稻草。plate [sth] vtr (coat with metal)镀The ornament was plated in gold.plate [sth] vtr (armour: forge)给...锻造The knight's armour was plated by the best craftsmen.plate [sth] vtr (make a printing plate)给...制印版The printer carefully plated the text.plate [sth] vtr (food: dish up, serve)用…摆盘；起锅，分盛，盛出Isabelle plated some turkey and placed it in the middle of the table.伊莎贝尔盛出了一些火鸡，放到了餐桌正中间。plate [sth] vtr often passive (biology: introduce to culture plate) (生物)制作培养皿play [sth] vtr (perform on: a musical instrument) (乐器)演奏，弹奏He plays the piano and the guitar.他会弹钢琴和吉它。play [sth] vtr (music: perform) (音乐)演奏，弹奏Play another Beethoven sonata.再弹一首贝多芬的奏鸣曲。play [sth] vtr (put on, listen to: music, a CD) (光盘、磁带等)放，播放I am playing the new CD on the stereo.我在（立体声）音响上播放一张新 CD。play [sth] vtr (take part in: a sport or game) (运动)踢（球），打（球）Who'd like to play tennis? Let's play hide-and-seek!谁要打网球？play [sth] vtr (stage a performance of)表演；演出They're playing "Waiting for Godot" all week.play [sth] vtr (bet on)为…下赌注He likes to play the horses.play [sth] vtr (pretend) (儿童游戏)假装, 假扮；过家家Let's play house.play [sth] vtr (direct light, water)使晃动, 使摇曳He played the spotlight on the entranceway.play a part in [sth] v expr (participate)在…中发挥作用；参与This was a real community effort, nearly everyone here played a part in creating the newsletter.play a part in [sth] v expr (be partly responsible)负部分责任Oliver's tendency to trust people too easily played a part in his downfall.play [sth] according to the rules v expr (game, sports) (在比赛、游戏中等)遵守规则Play the game according to the rules outlined below.请遵照下方说明的规则进行游戏。play [sth] again vtr + adv (live music: perform again) (现场音乐)再次演奏；加演My wife really likes that tune, so I'm going to ask the band to play it again before we leave.play [sth] again vtr + adv (recorded music: put on again) (唱片等)重播Even though the CD is really old, the kids want to play it again.play down the importance of [sth] v expr (minimize significance of)降低…的重要性We are trying to play down the importance of standardized tests in our school.play fast and loose with [sth] v expr slang (do [sth] recklessly) (俚语)草率做某事；贸然做某事play fast and loose with [sth] v expr slang (do [sth] deceitfully) (俚语)用欺骗的方法做某事play havoc with [sth] v expr (bring chaos to)对…造成严重破坏；使…陷入极大混乱状态；扰乱The train strike is playing havoc with my travel plans.play hob with [sth] v expr US, informal (do mischief to)捣乱；任意歪曲play Russian roulette with [sth] v expr figurative (take a foolish risk) (比喻)玩俄罗斯轮盘赌；愚蠢地冒险备注: 俄罗斯轮盘赌是一种生死赌博，在左轮手枪的六个弹巢中放入一颗子弹，任意转动转轮后，向自己开枪。Driving while intoxicated is playing Russian roulette with other people's lives.醉驾就是用其他人的性命玩轮盘赌。play with [sth] vi + prep (child: amuse self with) (指儿童)玩...，玩耍...Lucy was playing with her favourite doll.pleach [sth] vtr (interweave: branches) (树枝)编结pleach [sth] vtr (braid: hair) (头发)编结plead for [sth] vi + prep (beg to obtain)恳求；请求The hostage pleaded for mercy.那位人质恳求绑匪手下留情。plead [sth] vtr (legal: to court) (法律)为…抗辩，为…辩护Martha's lawyer pleaded her case.玛莎的律师为她的案子辩护。plead [sth] vtr (use as an excuse)把…当作借口；以…为借口Harry pleaded a headache to get out of visiting Julie's parents.plead guilty, plead guilty to [sth], plead guilty to doing [sth] v expr (defendant: declare guilt)认罪He told his lawyer he was going to plead guilty to all the charges against him.他告诉律师，自己打算对所有的指控认罪。plead not guilty, plead not guilty to [sth], plead not guilty to doing [sth] v expr (defendant: declare innocence)辩称无罪please (do [sth]) adv (polite command) (表示礼貌地要求)请Please restart your browser to complete installation.请重启您的浏览器来完成安装。please note [sth] interj (used to draw attention to a point)请注意Please note that this is a no-smoking area.be pleased with [sth/sb] adj + prep (happy with)对...满意的；对...高兴的；对...满足的The boss was pleased with Natalie's work.老板对娜塔莉的工作很满意。pleat, pleat [sth] vtr (fold into pleats)使打褶Most garments are pleated during the manufacturing process.许多服装在生产期间就进行了打褶。pledge [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (promise)向...以...发誓；向...以...立誓；向...以...起誓Glenn pledged his heart to Emma.格伦向艾玛发誓自己是真心的。pledge to do [sth] v expr (promise to do [sth])发誓做；许诺做Christina pledged to support her friend through this difficult time.克里斯蒂娜发誓要帮助朋友熬过低谷期。pledge [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (bind to a promise)使…保证…Amanda pledged everyone to secrecy.阿曼达要求每个人都保密。pledge [sth] vtr (promise money) (钱)承诺给予…，承诺提供…The company has pledged £30,000 to a wildlife charity.pledge allegiance to [sb/sth], swear allegiance v expr (promise to be loyal to [sb], [sth])宣誓效忠于plenty of [sth] pron + prep (a sufficient amount of)许多；很多；大量There's plenty of gas in the car.这车还有许多汽油。plod through [sth] vi + prep figurative (do something slowly and steadily)埋头苦干This project is difficult, but I'm plodding through it.plop [sth] on [sth] vtr informal (drop, place carelessly)把…随意扔在Don't just plop your clothes on the bed!plop [sth] down vtr + adv informal (drop, place carelessly)随意扔下，随手放下plot [sth] vtr (plan)计划；蓄谋The opposition is plotting a takeover.反对党计划取而代之。plot to do [sth] v expr (conspire)密谋；阴谋筹划He plotted to get his boss sacked.他阴谋筹划要让上司被解雇。plot [sth] vtr (mark out, measure)标出；测量出The captain plotted the ship's course on the map.船长在地图上标出船只的航线。plot [sth] vtr (mark results on graph)在图解上标明Bonnie plotted the points on a graph.邦妮在图表上标出各点。plot [sth], plot [sth] on [sth] vtr (mark curve on a graph)将...连成曲线Plot the line on the graph.plot [sth], plot [sth] on [sth] vtr (make graph of an equation)用曲线表示；用图表表示Plot the solution on the graph.plot [sth] vtr (devise the story for: a novel, etc.)为…设计情节；构思The writer plotted his first novel when he was 16.plot out [sth], plot [sth] out vtr + adv (data: put in a graph) (指图表)绘制，画出plot out [sth], plot [sth] out vtr + adv (map out: a route) (指路径)标出，画出plot out [sth], plot [sth] out vtr + adv (outline, draft: a plan, story)撰写...的纲要，为...做规划；为...打草稿plow [sth] (US), plough (UK) vtr (turn the soil)犁；耕；翻The farmer is plowing the field.plow [sth] vtr US (clear of snow)用铲雪机清扫It takes a long time to plow the streets after heavy snowfall.暴雪过后需要用铲雪机清扫街道很久。plow [sth] back in (US), plough [sth] back in (UK) v expr (reinvest [sth]) (将利润等)再投资plow [sth] back into [sth] (US), plough [sth] back into [sth] (UK) v expr (reinvest money into [sth])将（利润等）再投资于plow [sth] into [sth] (US), plough [sth] into [sth] (UK) vtr + prep (invest money in [sth])投资...给...；为...做...的投资plow [sth] under (US), plough [sth] under (UK) vtr + adv (bury under dirt by plowing)把…犁入土中pluck [sth] vtr (bird: remove feathers)拔…的羽毛Len kills the chicken, then plucks it.勒恩把鸡杀了，拔去了鸡的羽毛。pluck [sth] vtr (instrument string: twang)拨（弦）；弹（弦）Wendy plucks the guitar strings.温蒂拨动了吉他的琴弦。pluck [sth] vtr (eyebrow hairs: pull out)拔（眉毛）Katie plucks her eyebrows once a week.凯蒂一周拔一次眉。pluck [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (flowers, fruit: pick, pull out)将...从...扯下；将...从...中拔出Mike plucked a rose from the vase and offered it to Joanne.pluck [sth/sb] out of [sth] vtr + prep (remove, take out)将...从...中拉出；将...从...中救出Jeremy reached out and plucked the child out of the pond.杰里米将那个小孩从池塘中拉了出来。pluck at [sth] vi + prep (grab, pull at)扯；拉；拽Charlie was plucking at his mother's sleeve, trying to get her attention.pluck up courage to do [sth], pluck up the courage to do [sth] v expr (be brave enough to do [sth])鼓起勇气做某事Tina plucked up the courage to tell her parents that she was pregnant.plug [sth] vtr (hole: block)堵住；塞住Paula plugged the hole with a wad of paper.宝拉用一团纸塞住了洞。plug [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (electricity: connect to mains)用插头将…与电源连接；插电Tom plugged the vacuum cleaner into the socket.汤姆把吸尘器插上电。plug [sth] vtr slang (advertise, promote) (俚语)推广；推销；为…大作广告The author appeared on the talk show to plug his latest book.为了推销自己的新书，作者参加了谈话节目。plumb, plumb [sth] vtr (depth: measure)测量…的深度The researchers plumbed the depth of the channel.研究人员测量了海峡的深度。plumb [sth] vtr (connect [sth] to water supply)与水管连接；连上水管plumb [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (connect [sth] to water supply) (水管道)给…安装到，给…接上The contractor plumbed a washing machine into the garage.plumb [sth] vtr (explore [sth] thoroughly)探索；探究plumb [sth] in vtr + adv (connect [sth] to water supply)接水plumb the depths, plumb the depths of [sth] v expr figurative (explore something deeply)测量深度；钻研…的深邃之处；陷入（痛苦等的）深渊The poet plumbed the depths of his soul for what he wanted to write.plumb the depths, plumb the depths of [sth] v expr figurative (be very bad) 没有提供翻译 The judge described Johnson as a dangerous criminal capable of plumbing the depths of depravity.plume [sth] vtr (bird: groom feathers) (鸟类)梳理The mommy bird plumed the baby bird's feathers.鸟妈妈梳理了小鸟的羽毛。plump [sth] vtr (pillow: make plump) (枕头)把…拍松Harriet plumps the pillows, which were rather flat.枕头有点瘪，哈丽特把它们拍松。plump [sth] vtr informal (with prep: put carelessly)把…一下放下；猛地放下Paul plumped his schoolbag on the kitchen table.保罗将自己的书包一下放在厨房桌子上。plump for [sth] vi + prep informal (choose)（在有多个选择时）坚决支持；坚决主张Money or time? I'd plump for time.plunder [sth] vtr (loot, steal)抢劫，洗劫，劫掠The thieves plundered the jewellery shop.盗贼洗劫了珠宝店。plunder [sth] vtr (steal by cheating)侵吞；侵占The accountant plundered the company's bank account.plunge [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (immerse in)将…浸没于；将…浸入Patricia plunged the sheets into the water.帕特丽夏将床单浸入水中。plunge into [sth] vi + prep (dive, jump into)纵身跳入；潜入plunge into [sth] vi + prep figurative (begin enthusiastically)投身于...plunge [sb/sth] into [sth] vi + prep figurative (place [sb/sth] in a situation) (某种境遇或环境)使自己陷入，落入During the power cut, all the houses in our street were plunged into darkness.The recession plunged Abigail into debt.plunge off [sth] vi + prep (suddenly go downward)从...摔下去；从...上掉下去The car was going too fast to make the corner and it plunged off the cliff.plunk [sth] vtr (twang, pluck)拨奏；弹奏；拨弹Susan has constantly been plunking her new guitar all week.plunk [sth] on [sth], plunk [sth] onto [sth] (US), plonk [sth] on [sth], plonk [sth] onto [sth] (UK) vtr + prep informal (put down heavily)重重放下；砰地放下He plonked the shopping on the kitchen table and went upstairs without saying a word.plunk [sth] down (US), plonk [sth] down (UK) vtr + adv informal (put down heavily)把…随意扔下，把…随意放下She plonked the keys down on the desk and fell wearily into the chair.pluralize [sth], also UK: pluralise [sth] vtr (word: make plural) (词语)使变为复数，使成为复数形式vtrpluralize [sth], also UK: pluralise [sth] vtr (diversify [sth])使多元化vply [sth] vtr (work at: a business)从事商业；开展业务In olden times, travelling merchants plied their business from town to town.ply [sth] vtr (wares, goods: sell)出售；出卖Albert has plied his fruit and veg in the market square for thirty years.阿尔伯特在菜市场上已经卖了30年的果蔬。ply [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (offer a lot of alcohol, etc.)不断地供给某人酒食They plied me with wine before they broke the news to me.ply [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (barrage with questions)不断质问某人某事Stop plying me with questions!ply [sth] vtr (ship: sail, travel) (船)定期往来；往返于For centuries, trading ships plied the Silk Route.；ply towards [sth] vi + prep (ship: make for)船定期地往返The ship is plying towards England on the week-long journey it makes every month.poach [sth] vtr (cook in liquid) (荷包蛋等)水煮The restaurant poaches eggs instead of frying them, as it's healthier.那家餐厅的鸡蛋是水煮的，而不是炒的，这样更健康。poach [sth] vtr (hunt illegally)偷猎；偷捕The hunters poached an endangered species of elephant.那群猎人偷猎了一只濒危大象。poach [sth] vtr informal (steal)盗取；窃取A man poached my seat during the intermission!我的座位在中场休息的时候被人偷走了！pocket [sth] vtr (put in pocket)把…放入衣兜中，把…装进口袋；把…收进袋子里Polly locked the door and pocketed the keys.波莉锁上门，把钥匙装进口袋。pocket [sth] vtr (take unlawfully) (非法地)将…据为己有，将…装入自己的腰包James pocketed some money from the till while the boss wasn't looking.詹姆斯趁老板不注意，从收银机里拿了些钱装入自己的腰包。pocket-dial [sb/sth] vtr mainly US, informal (phone by accident)放在口袋里误拨出pockmark [sth/sb] vtr (scar or pit)使...布满疤痕, 使...布满麻点poeticize [sth], also UK: poeticise [sth] vtr (make poetic)赋予...诗意poeticize [sth], also UK: poeticise [sth] vtr (write poetry about [sth])把...写入诗里；用诗表达point at [sth], point to [sth] vtr + prep (indicate, esp. with finger) (用手指)指着，指向The little boy pointed at the sky, following a plane with his finger.那个小男孩指着天空，手指跟着一架飞机一起移动。point to [sth] vtr + prep figurative (suggest, indicate)指向；指出；表明All the signs point to Smith being the murderer.所有迹象都表明，史密斯就是那个杀人凶手。point [sth] at [sb] vtr (aim)将...瞄准；用...对准Don't point that knife at me.point [sth] vtr (fill gaps in mortar) (用水泥等)填充砖石的缝隙He has pointed all the brickwork.point to [sth] vi + prep (show, indicate [sth])表明；显示；体现The survey points to his deep unpopularity.point [sb] to [sth] vtr (direct)给...指出She pointed us to the door.她指给了我们门的位置。point [sth] vtr (sharpen)削尖；磨利Could you point this pencil, please?point [sth] off, point off [sth] vtr (decimal places: mark from the right)给...加小数点point to [sth] vi + prep (indicate with index finger)用手指向She pointed to the sweets on the shelf.她指向货架上的糖果。poise [sth] vtr (balance)平衡Larry poised the tray on his hip as he opened the door.poised for [sth] adj + prep (positioned for, ready for)随时准备…的；为…做好准备的The cat was poised for flight as the dog drew nearer.狗越走越近，猫随时准备着逃跑。be poised to do [sth] expr (about to do)准备做；准备好做The cat was poised to leap onto the counter when I walked into the room.我走进房间时，猫正准备跳到台子上。poison [sb/sth] vtr (give poison to)毒害，毒死，给…下毒；在…中下毒The wicked queen poisoned Snow White. Somebody has been poisoning cats in my neighbourhood.恶毒的皇后毒死了白雪公主。有人在我们小区给猫下毒。poison [sth] vtr figurative (ruin, corrupt) (人际关系等)破坏, 危害Paul's negative attitude poisoned Carl's pleasure in the journey.poison [sth] vtr (add poison to)在…中放毒药；给…下毒The wicked queen poisoned the apple.poke [sb/sth] vtr (jab with finger) (用手指)刺；戳Charlotte poked Adam to get his attention.夏洛特戳了戳亚当，吸引他的注意。poke [sth] vtr (prod with finger)戳；压Ben poked the top of the cake to see if it was ready.本用手戳了戳蛋糕顶部，看有没有烤熟。poke [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (jab with [sth] pointed) (用尖头的物品)捅, 戳, 刺She poked him with her umbrella to wake him.她用雨伞戳醒了他。poke [sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (jab somewhere with [sth] pointed)在…上戳；在…上捅Don't poke anyone in the eye with that stick.别用那根棍子戳任何人的眼睛。poke [sth] vtr (make hole)捅破；戳破Jim poked a hole in his jumper.吉姆把自己的毛衣捅破了一个洞。poke [sth] through [sth] vtr + prep (jab through)用…戳穿；用…捅穿Paula poked her finger through the hole in her glove.宝拉用自己的手指穿过手套上的洞。poke [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (thrust, put)将…挤入；将…塞入Poke this into your pocket so no one sees it.poke [sth] vtr (fire: prod, stir) (火堆)拨动；搅动Andrew poked the fire to get it going again.poke [sth] vtr (extend)伸出；探出Beryl poked her finger towards the man: "That's him," she said.Adrian poked his head out of the window to get a better look.poke into [sth] vi + prep figurative (be nosy, pry)打听；刺探Robert's father was always poking into his private life.poke through [sth] vi + prep (pierce, perforate)刺穿，穿过In a compound fracture the broken bone may actually poke through the skin.poke your nose in, poke your nose into [sth] v expr (be intrusive)干涉；探听polarize [sth], also UK: polarise [sth] vtr (cause to be opposed)使…分裂；使…两极分化；使…敌对The new legislation polarized the government.新的立法导致政府内两极分化。polarize [sth], also UK: polarise [sth] vtr (photography: increase contrast)利用偏振光进行摄影This filter will polarize the light and allow you to take pictures with more dynamic clouds.pole [sth] vtr (push with a pole)用篙撑（船）Hilary poled the punt along the river.police [sb/sth] vtr (keep [sth], [sb] under police control)动用警力维持…的治安The riot squad policed the crowd.police [sb/sth] vtr (patrol [sth], monitor [sb])保卫…的安全；维持...的治安The soldiers policed the area.polish [sth] vtr (make shine)给…上光；擦亮；擦光Lisa is polishing the table.politicize, politicize [sth], also UK: politicise [sth] vtr (make [sth] political)使…政治化；使…具有政治意义The presidential candidates politicized a religious debate.总统竞选人让宗教辩论政治化。poll [sth] vtr (receive votes) (选票)获得The Labour party candidate polled more votes than the Conservative candidate, so she won the election.pollard [sth] vtr (prune: a tree)修剪...pollinate [sth] vtr (fertilize with pollen)给…授粉In the springtime, bees pollinate the flowers and weeds.pollute [sth] vtr (air, water: contaminate) (水、空气等)污染，使恶化Agricultural chemicals are polluting our local streams.pollute [sth/sb] vtr figurative (corrupt morally) (比喻：败坏道德)污染，玷污，腐化These images will pollute the minds of children.pomade [sth] vtr (apply hair oil)给…打发蜡；给…抹发蜡ponder over [sth] vi + prep (think about, reflect on)就…思考；考虑It was a difficult decision and I pondered over it for a long time before making up my mind.那是一个艰难的抉择，我考虑了很久，才下定了决心。ponder on [sth] vi + prep (think about, reflect on)就…思考；考虑We spent so long pondering on where to have dinner that it was too late to make a reservation.我们花了太长时间考虑到哪里吃晚饭，结果搞得来不及预订。ponder [sth] vtr (consider, think about)思考；考虑Jerry pondered the job offer for a long time before deciding to accept.杰利考虑了那份工作很久，才决定接受聘用。pontificate on [sth], pontificate about [sth] vi + prep (talk pompously about)傲慢地谈到；自以为权威地就…进行训话The lecturer pontificated on the meaning of life.pool, pool of [sth] n (puddle of liquid) (水或其它液体)一摊；水坑；水洼A pool of rainwater collected on the pavement.人行道上积了一摊雨水。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 暴雨过后，路上到处是水洼。a pool of [sth] n figurative (accumulation: of light, etc.) (液体般)一片；一滩A man was standing in a pool of light on the street.pool [sth] vtr with uncountables (combine)使汇聚；使集中Let's pool our money to buy a car.pool [sth] vtr with countables (share)集中到一起共享Everyone in the group should pool their resources.poor in [sth] adj + prep (lacking)缺乏的；不足的This soil is poor in nutrients.这里的土壤缺乏营养。poor at [sth] adj + prep (underachieving)在…方面很差劲；做…能力差的He is very poor at maths.他数学很差。poor excuse for [sth] n (bad example of)糟糕的...例子pop [sth] vtr (take out: a cork)打开；拔去塞子He knows how to pop the cork of a champagne bottle without spilling any of it.pop [sth] vtr informal (pimple: expel pus from) (粉刺，脓包)挤破Don't pop your zits; they'll get infected.pop [sth] in/into [sth] vtr + prep informal (insert, put inside) (非正式用语)插入，放入Just pop that soup in the microwave and cook it for a couple of minutes.把那碗汤放入微波炉，加热几分钟就好。pop into [sth] vtr + prep informal (enter quickly, in passing)匆匆走进I'll be just a moment. I just need to pop into the pharmacy to pick up my prescription.pop into [sth] vtr + prep informal (put on quickly: clothes)匆忙穿上Her friends were having fun in the pool, so Emily popped into her swimsuit and joined them.popularize, popularize [sth], also UK: popularise [sth] vtr (make [sth] popular)使广受欢迎；使流行；使流行The celebrity popularized a new hairstyle.populate [sth] vtr (fill with people)向…移民；构成…的人口The government populated the islands with volunteers looking for a simpler way of life.populate [sth] vtr (live in a place)在…居住；居住于Celts once populated many parts of Europe.populate [sth] vtr (programming: fill with data) (编程)输入Select the database that you want to use to populate this form.populate [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (programming: fill with data) (数据)输入port [sth] vtr (nautical: turn) (航海: 舵)把…转向左边，向左转…port [sth] vtr (computing: transfer) (程序、软件)迁移，移植port [sth] vtr (carry, transport)携带；运输port [sth] vtr (weapon: hold diagonally) (武器)斜挎佩戴portend [sth] vtr (presage, be an omen of)预知；预示The street protests may portend a general uprising.portray [sb/sth] vtr (depict)描写；描绘The painting portrays a boy eating his lunch.那幅画描绘的是一个吃午餐的男孩。portray [sth] vtr (represent)表现；体现The painting portrays the sadness of that period.pose [sth] vtr (ask: a question) (问题等)提出Emily posed the question of why everyone had to obey Paul.艾米莉提出问题，问为什么每个人都非得听保罗的话。pose as [sth/sb] vi + prep (pretend to be)假装；佯作；佯装Charlie isn't really a pilot; he's just posing as one.Julie posed as her sister Emma to try to get access to Emma's bank accounts.pose [sth] vtr (create, present: a problem) (问题、麻烦等)产生；引起；带来Jan's romantic involvement with her boss is starting to pose a problem in the office.杨与她老板的恋情开始在工作中带来问题。pose [sb/sth] vtr (position for a picture, etc.) (为拍照等)使…摆好姿势The photographer posed his subjects.pose a risk to [sb/sth], pose a threat to [sb/sth] v expr (endanger)对…构成风险，对…构成危险Neil's reckless behaviour poses a risk to everyone on the team.；posit [sth] vtr (put forward, propose)提出；提议Darwin posited the notion of survival of the fittest as a principle in evolution.position [sth/sb] vtr (put in place)停放；放置Prudence positioned the vase of flowers in the centre of the table.The artist positioned his model in the exact pose he wanted to paint.普鲁登斯将花瓶放在桌子中央。那位艺术家让模特摆出自己想画的姿势。position [sth/sb] vtr (arrange to advantage)给...铺好道路；给...奠定成功的基础This merger positions the company to become the market leader.position [sth/sb] as [sth] vtr (product, business: identify as) (产品等)将...定位为The chef is positioning his new restaurant as a gourmet dining venue.The company is positioning its product as this season's must-have gadget.position [sb/sth] as [sth] vtr + prep (regard or portray as)将...定位为；将...表现为Traditional fairy tales often position the stepmother as a villain.possess [sth] vtr (own)拥有Jane is carrying everything she possesses in the bag on her back.简背的背包中放着她所有的物品。possess [sth] vtr (have as a feature) (特色等)有，具备The house possesses many character features, such as original fireplaces.这栋房子有很多特色，如壁炉还是原来的。possess [sth] vtr (have mastery of) (知识等)懂得，掌握Ray possesses a wealth of knowledge on French Existentialism.雷在法国存在主义方面知识渊博。posset [sth] vtr (baby: regurgitate) (婴儿)吐post [sth] vtr UK (send by mail)寄出；邮寄I posted the letter today.我今天寄出了一封信。post [sth] vtr (display on notice board, etc.)张贴The professor posted the test results in the hallway.教授把考试成绩张贴在过道里。post [sth] vtr (share on internet) (在网上)把…发布出来She posted her favorite quote on her profile page.她把自己最喜欢的一句话在个人主页上发布了出来。post [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep often passive (assign [sb] to a station)派遣（某人）到（某岗位）The enlisted man was posted to a sniper unit near the town.这位应征入伍的士兵被派遣到了小镇附近的一个狙击小队中。post [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (assign [sb] to a job)分配（某人）到…工作She was posted from headquarters to a field office.她被调离了总部，分配到一个外地办事处工作。post [sth] vtr (cover with posters)在...上贴满广告；在...上贴满告示The boys posted the fence with concert advertisements.post [sth] vtr (publish, advertise)公布；发布The company posted the job vacancies in the newspaper.post [sth] vtr US (score) (体育比赛)得...分The visiting team posted a goal in the first half.post [sth] vtr (mark in a ledger)在账本上标记为The business posted a profit.post [sth] vtr (update a ledger)把…入账Post today's numbers in the general ledger.postdate [sth] vtr (mark with a later date)把…的日期填晚一点；把日期填得推后一点；推迟…日期Before traveling, Nancy postdated her bills and asked a friend to mail them.postdate [sth] vtr (occur after)晚于, 迟于The author's recognition as a genius postdated his death.postmark [sth] vtr (stamp: posted mail)给…盖邮戳I took my letter to the post office where the clerk postmarked it and mailed it.postpone [sth] vtr (delay)推迟；延期The organizers have had to postpone the show until tomorrow because one of the performers is ill.因为有一名演员生病了，所以主办方只能将演出推迟到明天。postpone doing [sth] vtr (delay doing)延期做某事；延后Colin and Laura have decided to postpone getting married until they can afford to honeymoon in Paris.科林和劳拉决定推迟婚礼，先为巴黎蜜月攒钱。postulate, postulate [sth], postulate that vtr (put forward, propose)假定；假设The professor postulated a dramatic increase in population.posture [sth] vtr (position)摆出…的样子或姿势The White House postured itself for dealing with the fuel crisis.pot [sth] vtr (plant: put into pot)把…栽种到盆里Josh potted the azalea.乔什种下了一棵杜鹃花。pounce on [sb/sth] vi + prep (jump upon prey, enemy)猛扑向；忽然袭击The fox pounced on the rabbit and carried it off.The officer pounced on the gunman and disarmed him.pounce on [sth] vi + prep figurative (seize opportunity) (比喻，机会等)快速抓住If they offered me a job, I'd pounce on it.pound [sth] vtr (beat, strike hard)狠击；猛击Lydia pounded the door, demanding to be let in. The waves pounded the rocks.莉迪亚狠狠地敲门，要进来。海浪猛击着焦岩。pound on [sth] vi + prep (hit hard)重击；猛击Woken by his neighbour's loud music, Leon pounded on the wall in protest.pound [sth] vtr figurative (type: on keyboard)敲击，敲打The secretary was pounding the keys, trying to get the report finished in time to go in the post.秘书急速敲打键盘，想要及时完成并寄出那份报告。pound [sth] vtr (grind to powder)研磨；碾碎；捣Pound the spices in a mortar, until you have a fine powder.将香料放到研钵里研磨成精细的粉末。pour [sth] vtr (drink: serve)倒（酒）；斟（酒）Would you like me to pour the wine?你需要我为你斟酒么？pour [sb] [sth] vtr (drink: serve [sb])给某人倒（酒）；为某人斟（酒)She poured me a glass of water.她为我倒了一杯水。pour [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (liquid: tip into [sth])将...灌入；把...倒进；把...注入The chemist poured the liquid into the beaker.化学家将液体倒进烧杯中。pour [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep figurative (money, effort: give plentifully)把…倾注到；将…投入到He poured all his money into renovating the house.他把所有的钱都投入到房屋的整修上了。pour [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (liquid: tip over) (液体)把…倾倒在…上I knocked the pitcher over and poured milk on the floor.我把罐子打翻了，牛奶洒了一地。pour [sth] vtr figurative (emit continuously) (子弹)连续地发射Their machine guns were pouring bullets.pour forth [sth] vtr + adv (release a gush of [sth])倾倒；倾泻pour [sth] out, pour out [sth] vtr + adv (liquid: tip from a receptacle)将（容器里的）液体倒出；使…流出；倒出Could you please pour out a glass of water for me?能请你给我倒杯水么？powder [sth] vtr (add powder to skin)扑粉于；搽粉于Abigail is powdering her face.powder [sth] vtr often passive (turn into powder)把…变成粉末I powdered the aspirin and mixed it with water.powder [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (cover with powder)在…上撒粉She powdered the baby's skin with talc.她在婴儿皮肤上撒上爽身粉。power [sth] vtr (supply energy to)提供动力The wind powers the electrical generator.风给发电机提供动力。power [sth/sb] vtr figurative (drive, give energy to)使有力量；使强大The midfielder powered the winning football team to victory.中场球员使整个团队强大起来，带领他们取得了胜利。power-saw [sth] vtr (cut with power saw)用电锯锯...A pox on [sb/sth]! interj dated or humorous (curse [sb/sth])诅咒practice [sth] (US), practise [sth] (UK) vtr (perform repeatedly)反复练习；反复锻炼The six year olds practiced writing the letter C.这个六岁的孩子反复练习写字母C。practice [sth] (US), practise [sth] (UK) vtr (train in)训练；练习Our team practices blocking on Tuesdays and plays games on Thursdays.我们队星期二训练封球，星期四打比赛。practice [sth] (US), practise [sth] (UK) vtr (repeat, rehearse)练习；排练Practice your piano etudes to gain dexterity.练习你的钢琴协奏曲，改善你的敏捷度。practice [sth] (US), practise [sth] (UK) vtr (work at: a profession) (美式拼写，英式拼写为：practise)从事某行业This doctor has practised medicine for years.practice [sth] (US), practise [sth] (UK) vtr (religion: observe rules)修行, 修持Going to confession is one of the ways in which people practice their Catholicism.practiced at [sth], practiced in [sth] (US), practised at [sth], practised in [sth] (UK) adj + prep (person: experienced in [sth])在…上有经验Holly is extremely practiced in business development.praise [sth] vtr (speak highly of [sth])称赞, 赞美He praised the website as one of the best.他称赞这个网站是一流的。prang [sth] vtr UK, informal (car: bump, knock)撞击；与…相碰撞pray to [sth/sb] vi + prep (call upon: god)向…祈祷；向…祷告The Maya prayed to many gods and goddesses.玛雅人向许多神祗和女神祈祷。pray for [sth] vi + prep (ask, beg)请求；恳求Scott prayed for mercy for his children.斯科特恳求放过他的孩子们。pray for [sth] vi + prep figurative (desire strongly)祈望；祈盼After three weeks of unbroken sunshine, the farmer was praying for rain.晴天连续了三星期，农夫祈盼着天能下雨。pray for [sb/sth] vi + prep (ask god to help)为…祈祷At church on Sunday, I prayed for my sick neighbor.星期天在教堂里，我为自己生病的邻居祈祷。pre-order [sth] vtr (pay for [sth] before available)预定The library pre-orders its books so they are ready by publication day.pre-plan [sth] vtr (arrange for future)预先计划，事先计划pre-qualify for [sth] vi + prep (already be approved as eligible for)已具有...的资格preach [sth] vtr (teach religious message)传（教）；布（道）Lena travels the world to preach the gospel.莉安娜周游世界，传播福音。preach [sth] vtr figurative (promote)宣传；鼓吹Edward preaches the health benefits of a vegetarian diet to anyone who will listen.preach about [sth] vi + prep (moralize on the subject of)就…进行说教My uncle gave up smoking years ago and now he's always preaching about the dangers of tobacco.prearrange, prearrange [sth] vtr (organize in advance)预先安排；预先组织；预先商定The couple prearranged their honeymoon long before the wedding.precancel [sth] vtr US (stamp: cancel before attaching)将邮票作废；预先盖销邮票precast [sth] vtr (concrete, etc.: shape and set in advance)预制；预先浇制precast [sth] adj (shaped and set in advance)预制的；预先浇制的precede, precede [sth] vtr (come before)先于, 在…之前；优于, 高于J precedes K in the alphabet.precede, precede [sth] with [sth] vtr (preface)为…加上引言；为…作序He preceded his speech with a word of thanks to the organisers.precede [sb/sth] vtr (lead, go ahead of)在…前面；领先于William preceded his wife down the dark street.precipitate [sth] vtr (hasten, bring about faster)使加速发生；促进；促成Falling stocks prices precipitated a crisis.precipitate [sth] vtr (chemistry: get solid deposit) (化学)析出物；沉淀物When the water is boiled, the calcium salts precipitate, causing the kettle to scale.precis [sth], précis [sth] vtr (summarize [sth])写摘要Laura has to precis all of the teachers' lectures before the test.preclude [sth] vtr (exclude)妨碍；阻止；排除The lack of evidence precludes any chance of a conviction.证据不足，完全无法定罪。preclude [sb] from doing [sth] v expr (exclude from doing)阻止某人做某事；妨碍某人做某事Susan's condition precludes her from taking strenuous exercise.苏珊的身体情况不允许她进行激烈的体育运动。preconceive [sth] vtr (form a prejudiced view of)预先想好；事先思量precook [sth] vtr (cook in advance)预煮vtr；预先烹饪predate [sth] vtr (date back earlier than)比…时间早；早于The Hebrew Bible predates the Christian Bible.predate [sth] vtr (put earlier date on: a check) (支票)把…的日期填早The bank predated the check.predate [sth/sb] vtr (prey on)掠夺；捕食predesignate [sth] vtr (assign in advance)预先分派vtr；预先指定predestine [sb] for [sth] vtr often passive (destine [sb] for [sth])预先确定；事先决定predestine [sth] vtr (predetermine [sth])注定predetermine, predetermine [sth] vtr (decide in advance)预先决定；预先确定；预定David had predetermined his answer to the offer before the conversation.；predicate [sth] vtr (affirm, declare)断定；断言；判定The priest predicated the goodness of all mankind in his touching sermon.predicate [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep often passive (base [sth] on [sth])使…基于；使…根据I predicated my arguments on statistical evidence and facts.predict [sth] vtr (with object: foretell)预测，预计，预料；预言Experts predict better fortunes for the company next year.专家们预测来年该公司会时来运转。predigest [sth] vtr (food: treat to aid digestion) (用人工方法进行的)预先消化predigest [sth] vtr figurative (restate in simpler form)简化；使简便predispose, predispose [sb] to [sth], predispose [sb] towards [sth] vtr + prep (make likely or inclined)使某人（预先）倾向于；使某人偏向于；让某人有...的倾向Although genetic factors predispose me to diabetes, I haven't developed the disease.predispose [sb] to do [sth], predispose [sb] towards doing [sth] v expr (make likely to do)使...倾向于做...predisposed to [sth] adj + prep (having a natural tendency to)倾向于…；易于…I'm starting to think I'm predisposed to addictive behaviour.preempt [sth], pre-empt [sth] vtr (prevent)预先阻止The rival company preempted our takeover bid by selling its stock.preempt [sth], pre-empt [sth] vtr (anticipate)预防The company held a training session in order to preempt any further issues.preempt [sth], pre-empt [sth] vtr (acquire before others)先占；先取得Customers who called in advance have already preempted most of the seats.preempt [sth], pre-empt [sth] vtr (supplant)代替；取代Normal programming was preempted by a breaking news bulletin.preen [sth] vtr (groom: feathers)以喙梳理The bird preened her baby's feathers.preexist [sth], also UK: pre-exist [sth] vtr (exist prior to)先于…存在prefab [sth] vtr abbreviation, informal (prefabricate)预制prefabricate [sth] vtr (construct in advance)预先建造；事先制造preface [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (introduce with a preface)为…作序；作…的开场白The professor prefaced his speech with a disclaimer.preface [sth] vtr (book: introduce with a preface)为...加序言preface [sth] vtr + prep (speech, etc.: introduce)给…作序Tom prefaced his argument by quoting Voltaire.preface [sth] with [sth] vtr (book: provide with introductory text)以...作为...的开始prefer [sth/sb] vtr (like better)更喜欢；宁愿Do you prefer apples or oranges? Which would you prefer for lunch - soup or sandwiches?你更喜欢苹果还是橘子？prefer [sth/sb] to [sth/sb] vtr + prep (like better than)相对于…更喜欢, 相对于…偏好I prefer blues music to jazz.相对于爵士乐，我更喜欢蓝调音乐。prefer to do [sth] v expr (favor or like more)乐于；更愿意；较喜欢My husband likes to watch television in the evenings, but I prefer to read.我老公晚上喜欢看电视，不过我更愿意阅读。prefigure, prefigure [sth] vtr (foreshadow, presage)预示着；预兆；预知The disagreement between the husband and wife in the movie prefigures the divorce at the end.prefix [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (attach to start of a word)给…加前缀；加前缀于If you prefix this word with "un", it takes on a negative sense.prefix [sth] vtr (add [sth] at the start of [sth])置于…之前；加在…之前The new system will prefix all existing phone numbers with a three-digit code.prefix [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (put title before name)给...加...称谓The medical student already prefixed his name with "Dr."preform [sth] vtr (make or shape beforehand)预先制造；预成型；事先定型If you preform the dough before it rises, the pasties will look prettier.pregnant with [sth] adj + prep figurative (filled, full of [sth])充满…的The battlefield was pregnant with danger.战场上充满了危险。preheat [sth] vtr (oven: heat before cooking) (烤箱等)对...进行预热You have to preheat your oven fifteen minutes before baking.preheat [sth] vtr (food: heat before cooking) (食物)对...预先加热Preheat the meat before searing it for a more even temperature.prejudge, prejudge [sb], prejudge [sth] vtr (form an uninformed opinion of)预判，预断；过早断定，提前判断I'm sorry I prejudged you; you are actually a very nice person.prejudice against [sb/sth] n (bias: hostility)对…的偏见We should distinguish between prejudice against people and active discrimination.我们应当将对人们的偏见和主动歧视区分开来。prejudice [sb] against [sb/sth] vtr + prep (make hostile to)使…产生不利于…的偏见The influence of the extreme right wing has prejudiced the party's more moderate elements against ethnic minorities.极右势力的影响使党派中较为持中的分子也产生了不利于少数民族的偏见。prejudice [sth] vtr (bias)使…带有偏见Irresponsible media coverage can prejudice the outcome of a trial.不负责任的媒体报道可能导致审判结果带有偏见。prejudice [sth] against [sb/sth] vtr + prep (bias against)使…对…产生偏见；使…对…带有偏见The negative reports have prejudiced public opinion against the actor.这些负面报道使公众舆论对该演员产生了偏见。prejudice [sth] against [sb] vtr + prep (case: damage, harm) (法律)给某人某事带来损害，对某人某事造成不利Media coverage is thought to have prejudiced the case against him.人们认为，媒体报道给他的案子带来了损害。prelude [sth] vtr (precede)成为…的前奏；作为…的序曲The initial assault on the village preluded the full-scale attack that began the next day.premeditate [sth] vtr (plan or calculate in advance)预先谋划；预先思考；预先打算premiere [sth] vtr (show for the first time)首次放映They premiered the movie at a cinema in Leicester Square.premise [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (give as a proposition)以…作为…的前提Katherine is premising her forecast on interest rates remaining at their current rate.凯瑟琳作出预测的前提是利率维持当前水准不变。premix [sth] vtr (mix [sth] in advance)预先混合preordain [sth] vtr (decree in advance)预先规定vtr；预先决定；注定prep [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep informal, abbreviation (prepare for [sth])使…准备好；使某人为某事做好准备The teacher is prepping the students for the test.老师让学生们为考试做好准备。prepackage [sth] vtr (package [sth] in advance)预先包装preparatory to [sth], preparatory to doing [sth] expr (prior to, before)在…前的；预备的Preparatory to his visit to the dentist's, Peter brushed his teeth very carefully.prepare [sth] (for [sth]) vtr ([sth]: make ready)把…准备好；使作准备Before you plant seeds, you need to prepare the ground.在播种之前，你需要把地准备好。prepare [sb] (for [sth]) vtr ([sb]: make ready)使…准备好；使…做好准备Nothing could have prepared me for the sight that greeted me when I opened the door.我根本没有做好准备，接受一开门看见的一幕。prepare [sth] vtr (arrange)把...摆好；准备好She got the board out and prepared the pieces for a game of chess.她把棋盘拿出来，摆好棋子准备下棋。prepare [sth] vtr (cook)调制；烹饪； (饭菜)做He prepared a wonderful meal for us.他为我们做了一顿可口的饭菜。prepare for [sth] vi + prep (get ready)为…做准备Simon has spent all day preparing for his guests' arrival.西蒙一整天都在为客人的到来做准备。prepare to do [sth] vi + prep (get ready: to do)准备好做；做好准备做Prepare to be amazed!准备好目瞪口呆吧！prepare [sth] for use v expr (make ready to be used)使…以备使用I've already prepared my tools for use so as to save time later.prepare samples of [sth] v expr (science: obtain specimens of)准备…的样本；制备…的样本prepare samples of [sth] v expr (obtain examples of)准备…的样品prepared for [sth] adj + prep (ready for)为…做好准备The city wasn't prepared for a disaster of this magnitude.城市没能为这样重大的灾难做好准备。prepared for [sth] adj + prep (not surprised by)为…提前做好心理准备I thought I was prepared for anything, but the vehemence of his response surprised me.我以为自己为所有事都提前做好了心理准备，但他激烈的回应还是让我吃了一惊。prepared to do [sth] expr (willing)愿意做；做好做…的准备Helen was prepared to help Sally, as long as Sally didn't expect her to do all the work.海伦愿意帮助萨丽，但前提是萨丽不要求她把工作全部揽下。prepay [sth] vtr (pay in advance for)预先支付；提前支付prepose [sth] vtr formal (place prefix or word in front of)将...前置；将...移到前面prerecord [sth] vtr (record prior to broadcasting) (指电台、电视台的广播节目)预先录制, 预先录下preregister for [sth] vi + prep (sign up for [sth] in advance)预先注册...preregister [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (sign [sb] up in advance)为...提前报名presage [sth] vtr (predict, foretell)预示；预言；预兆Protests around the country presage the fall of the cruel regime.prescribe [sth] vtr (doctor)开药；写医嘱The doctor prescribed antibiotics for Aidan's chest infection.prescribe [sth] vtr (authority: tell to do)规定；指定The law prescribes a jail sentence for this crime.prescribe [sth] for [sb] vtr + prep (medication: authorize for [sb])给某人开处方My doctor prescribed antibiotics for me when I had an infection.我感染后，医生给我开了抗生素。preselect [sth/sb], pre-select vtr (choose [sth/sb] in advance)预选，预先选择be present at [sth] v expr (attend)出席It is essential that the entire team be present at this meeting.全队都出席这场会议至关重要。present [sth] vtr (confer, give)赠予；颁予The previous year's winner presented the award.鉴于他多年的服务，他们赠予了他一只金表。present [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (confer, give to)把…授予...It gives me great pleasure to present this award to you.我很荣幸把这份奖项授予你。present [sth] vtr (show: stage, put on) (戏剧)呈现, 上演We now present our musical extravaganza!present [sth] vtr (plan, idea: introduce) (想法、计划等)介绍；展示Allow me to present my findings.present [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (give as a gift)送…礼物They presented a bouquet of flowers to the winner.present [sth] vtr (put on display)展示The museum plans to present the new statue as part of an upcoming exhibit.present [sth] vtr (invoice) (发票等)提交；提供The vendor presents his invoice weekly.present [sb] with [sth] vtr (give)赠与；赠送For his years of service, they presented him with a gold watch.由于他长年累月的效力，他们赠予他一块金表。present [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (plan, idea: introduce) (计划、想法等)向…描述, 向…介绍He presented his plan to increase sales to his co-workers.他向同事们介绍增加销量的计划。present [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (perform for [sb])为…表演；为…呈上We are proud to present the play "Hamlet" to you tonight.今晚，我们很荣幸为各位呈上戏剧《哈姆雷特》。present [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (provide, furnish with)向某人提供某物；向某人展示某物present with [sth] vi + prep (have as symptoms)呈现症状；出现病症The patient presented with a sore throat and runny nose.preserve [sth] vtr (protect from change)维持…的原状；保持…不变Some people believe it is important to preserve traditions.有些人认为保持传统非常重要。preserve [sth] vtr (maintain)保留；维护In renovating the hotel, we have tried to preserve a sense of its 100-year history.在酒店修缮过程中，我们努力保留其百年历史感。preserve [sth] vtr (keep up)保持；维持Jane preserved an outward show of indifference, even though she was furious inside.preserve [sth] vtr (food)保存（食物），储藏（食物）；腌制David preserved the vegetables in brine.preset [sth] vtr (set in advance)预置；预设；预调David preset the recordings on the DVR.preshrink [sth] vtr (shrink-wash prior to sale)售前预先缩水presort [sth] vtr (sort in advance)预先分类；预先整理press [sth] vtr (key: push down) (键)按, 按下He pressed the delete key.他按了删除键。press [sth] vtr (button: depress) (按钮)按, 按下He pressed the button to ring the doorbell.他按下按钮，拉响了门铃。press [sth] vtr (compress)挤压；按压The more you press a wet sponge, the more water you will get out of it.海绵越挤，出水越多。press [sth] vtr (squeeze)挤压；挤取Press the oranges onto the juicer to make a healthy drink.榨出橙汁，制作健康的饮料。press [sth] vtr (push heavily on)压；压紧Would you press on my suitcase so I can close it?能帮我个忙吗？压住手提箱，我好把手提箱关上。press [sth] vtr (iron) (衣物)熨平I need to press these trousers. They're all rumpled.press [sth] vtr (hold close)紧紧拥抱；紧紧抱着He pressed his lover to his chest.press [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (beg, entreat)恳求；请求He pressed the court for a decision.press [sb] to do [sth] v expr (hurry)敦促；催促Gabrielle pressed her assistant to finish addressing the envelopes.；press [sb] to do [sth] v expr (harass)催逼；逼迫；紧逼The bill collector presses debtors to pay, calling at all hours of the day.press for [sth] vi + prep figurative (insist)施加压力于；坚持要When the witness evaded the question, the prosecutor pressed for an answer.press [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (hurry)催促某人某事；敦促某人某事Time is running out, I'll have to press you for an answer.就要没时间了，我必须催促你给出答案了。press [sth] in, press in [sth] vtr + adv (depress: a button, etc.) (按钮)压入, 按The doorbell is broken: you have to press it in hard to get it to work.press [sth] upon [sb], press [sth] on [sb] vtr + prep (pressure [sb] to accept [sth])逼迫...接受Julie didn't want to take the money, but her mother pressed it on her.press-gang [sb] into doing [sth] vtr figurative (forcefully persuade [sb] to do [sth])迫使某人做某事Louis was press-ganged into organizing the children's party.pressures, the pressures of [sth] npl (stresses: obligations, etc.)繁重；繁忙；压力The pressures of work and home were getting to her, so she decided to take a vacation.来自工作和家庭的双重压力让她喘不过气来，所以她决定给自己放个假。pressure [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep figurative (coerce)迫使…进入；把…强加于She was pressured into marriage when she was too young.她还十分年轻时就被迫成婚了。pressure [sb] into doing [sth] v expr figurative (coerce)迫使某人做某事The older kids pressured Ben into stealing some candy.那些大孩子迫使本去偷糖果。pressure [sb] to do [sth] v expr figurative (coerce)强迫某人做某事The salesman pressured his customer to buy.销售人员强迫顾客购买。pressure-cook [sth], pressure cook vtr (method of cooking food)高压烹调Pressure-cook the potatoes for about 7 minutes.pressurize [sth], also UK: pressurise [sth] vtr (subject [sth] to high pressure) (本义)给…增压By pressurizing the cabin, the aircraft was made safe for passengers.pressurize [sb] into [sth], also UK: pressurise [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep (coerce [sb] into [sth])迫使某人进入某种状态Jeffery pressurized his wife into motherhood when she was not ready.pressurize [sb] into doing [sth], also UK: pressurise [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (coerce [sb] into doing [sth])迫使某人做某事The schoolboys pressurized Danny into playing a prank on their teacher.presume [sth] vtr formal (assume)推定；认为；认定The law presumes innocence until guilt can be proved.法律一般是做无罪推定。presume to do [sth] v expr (dare)竟敢Are you presuming to tell me what to do?你竟敢对我指手画脚？presume on [sth], presume upon [sth] vi + prep formal (rely) (没有证据)相信，指望I wouldn't presume on his honesty, if I were you; he won't confess unless he has to.presuppose, presuppose [sth], presuppose that vtr (assume in advance)预先假定；假设；预想Your theory presupposes that time existed at the beginning of the universe.pretend to do [sth] v expr (feign)假装做某事；装作要做某事Raphaël pretended to eat Audrey's ice cream.拉法尔假装要吃奥德丽的冰淇淋。pretend to do [sth] v expr (playact)假装做某事；装着做某事Veronica pretended to feed her dolls cake.维罗妮卡假装给自己的洋娃娃喂蛋糕吃。pretend to be [sb/sth] v expr (playact, imagine)扮成, 扮作She pretended to be a princess.她将自己扮成一位公主。pretend not to do [sth] v expr (dissimulate) (忽略)假装, 装作She pretended not to hear him when he said that he loved her.当他说他爱她的时候，她装作没有听见。pretend [sth], pretend that [sth] vtr (with clause)假装；装作Julie pretended everything was OK, but she was struggling.朱莉假装没事，但其实遇到了很大的困难。pretend to [sth] vi + prep archaic (claim)妄求；觊觎The young duke pretended to the Throne.pretest [sth] vtr (test [sth] in advance)预先测验；预先检验prettify [sth/sb] vtr (adorn, make pretty)装点vtr；装饰prevail over [sth/sb] vi + prep (triumph over, be greater than)战胜；胜过The center-right party prevailed over the Socialists in the latest elections.在最近的选举中，右倾党派战胜了社会主义党派。prevail over [sth/sb] vi + prep (win over other options)占…的上风，胜过，战胜Maggie and Linda couldn't decide what car to buy, but finally, the Audi prevailed over the Renault.麦琪和琳达难以决定该买什么样的车，不过最后奥迪还是战胜了雷诺。prevail on [sb] to do [sth], prevail upon v expr (persuade: [sb] to do [sth])劝说；说服He prevailed on the jury to hear of his innocence, but they labelled him guilty anyway.他劝说陪审团自己是无辜的，但陪审团依旧认定他有罪。prevent [sb] doing [sth], prevent [sb] from doing [sth] v expr (stop: [sb] doing [sth])阻止某人做某事；使某人不能做某事The police officer prevented her from entering the building.那名警察阻止她进入大楼。prevent [sth] vtr (stop: [sth] happening)阻碍某事；阻拦某事；阻挡某事The vast majority of household accidents can easily be prevented.绝大多数的家庭事故都是很容易预防的。prevent [sth] vtr (protect against: disease) (疾病)预防To prevent gingivitis, be sure to floss!要预防牙龈炎，一定要用牙线！preview of [sth] n (advance look at [sth])预览Final year pupils are invited to spend a day at the college to get a preview of life as an A level student.preview [sth] vtr (see before others do)预先观看It is the editor's job to preview the copy and ensure it is suitable for publishing.preview [sth] vtr (give advance showing of)预映，试映；预演；预展The local cinema is previewing the latest George Clooney film tonight.prewash [sth] vtr (rinse before thoroughly washing)预洗prey on [sth], prey upon [sth] vi + prep (animal: hunt as food) (动物)猎捕…为食，捕食Sharks prey on seals.鲨鱼捕食海豹。prey on [sth/sb], prey upon [sth/sb] vi + prep figurative (worry, preoccupy)烦扰，折磨，使…痛苦The thought of my upcoming appointment preyed on my mind. The stress of his financial worries was preying upon Carl.即将到来的预约萦绕在我脑海，烦扰着我。对自己财务状况的担忧带来的压力折磨着卡尔。price [sth] vtr (valuate)为…定价；为…标价The art dealer priced the vase at six hundred dollars.price [sth] vtr (label with a price)询问…的价格Let me price this book, then we can go home.price [sb] out of [sth] v expr often passive (exclude through rising costs)价格太高导致某人买不起某物price-gouge [sth], price gouge [sth] vtr (raise price with demand)哄抬物价That store is price-gouging masks and hand sanitizer.prick [sth/sb] vtr (sharp point: puncture)刺伤；刺破；戳伤The pin pricked Martha's finger.别针刺伤了玛莎的指头。prick [sth] vtr (puncture)戳破；刺穿Emily took a pin and pricked the balloon, causing it to deflate.艾米丽拿起一根别针，戳破了气球，气球瘪下去了。prick [sth] vtr (make small hole)在…扎小孔Prick the base of your pastry case with a fork and then blind bake until golden.prick [sb/sth] vtr (cause emotional pain) (感情等)伤害；刺痛The sight of such misery pricked his heart.Eddie was pricked by feelings of guilt over the way he had treated his ex-wife.这番悲惨的景象刺痛了他的心。// 艾迪从前对待妻子不好，现在被负罪感刺痛。prick of [sth] n figurative (emotional pain) (情感上)伤心，刺痛Paul felt a prick of jealousy when he saw Laura and Mark together.prickle [sb/sth] vtr (cause to tingle, itch)刺痛；引起刺痛This scarf is prickling my neck.pride yourself on [sth] v expr (be proud)以…为傲；以…自豪She prides herself on her spotlessly clean house.pride yourself on doing [sth] v expr (be conscientious)以做…自豪；以做…为傲I pride myself on staying fit and slim.prim [sth] vtr rare (make look prim)打扮Victor primmed his lips.prime [sth] vtr (weapon: prepare for shooting) (武器)为...装填弹药The hunter primed his rifle when he saw the deer.看到鹿的时候，猎人为自己的来复枪装填好了弹药。prime [sth] for [sth] vtr (prepare [sth] for action)使准备好Judith primed the machine, ready to start up as soon as it was needed.朱迪斯做好了机器准备，有需要可以立马开动。prime [sb] for [sth] vtr (prepare [sb] for [sth])使…为…做好准备Bethany's teacher is priming her for her Oxbridge entrance exam.prime [sth] vtr (put fluid into: a pump) (泵)给…注液Keep an eye on the pressure gauge as you are priming the water pump.print [sth] vtr (computing: output on paper) (计算机)打印He printed the directions that had been emailed to him.他把用电子邮件发给他的说明打印了出来。print [sth] vtr (publish)付印, 出版发行, 发表When was this book printed?他们用巨幅新闻用纸印刷报纸。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 这位作家的新作即将出版发行。print [sth] vtr (handwriting: write clearly)用印刷体写Print your name in the space provided instead of signing.用印刷体把你的名字写在空白处，不要用手写体签字。print on [sth] vi + prep (imprint [sth])在…上拓印；压印在…上面Silk-screen is a method often used to print on fabrics.丝印是一种在织物上拓印常常使用的方法。print [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (imprint [sth] on [sth])将…印在…上，在…上印上…The art student printed the image of an eagle on a t-shirt.那位艺术系学生将鹰的形象印在T恤上。print [sth] vtr (book: publish)印刷出版The author is seeking a publisher who will print his new book.prior to [sth] prep (before [sth])在…之前Prior to the burglary, two men were seen hanging around outside the house.盗窃发生之前，有人看见有两个人在房子外面闲晃。prior to doing [sth] expr (before doing [sth])在...之前We went to the farmers' market prior to going to the pharmacy.在去药房之前，我们去了一趟农场集市。prioritize [sth], also UK: prioritise [sth] vtr (put in order of importance)按重要性排列；按优先顺序排列Please prioritize the things you want me to do.请按重要性排列你想让我做的事。prioritize [sth/sb], also UK: prioritise [sth/sb] vtr (put first)优先考虑We need to prioritize discussion of our budget at the next meeting.下次开会，我们要优先考虑讨论我们的预算。prioritize [sth/sb] over [sth/sb], also UK: prioritise [sth/sb] over [sth/sb] vtr + prep (put before [sth] or [sb] else)把…置于…之前Andrew has to prioritize work over spending time with his family when he has an important deadline to meet.如果有重要的工期要赶，安德鲁会优先选择工作，无法陪伴家人。privatize [sth], also UK: privatise [sth] vtr (industry, etc.: make private) (工业、产业)将…私有化，使…归为私有，使…民营化The citizens became angry when the mayor privatized the city's parking meters.privy to [sth] adj + prep (knowing: [sth] confidential)对…私下知情的I can't tell you; I'm not privy to that information.prize [sth] vtr (find [sth] important)重视；珍视Maggie prized her friendship with Lydia.玛姬很重视与利迪亚的友谊。prize [sth] (US), pry [sth] (US), prise [sth] (UK) vtr (pry: raise, open by levering)撬；撬开The robbers prized the door with a crowbar.强盗用撬棍撬开了门。prize [sth] from [sth], pry [sth] from [sth] (US), prise [sth] from [sth] (UK) vtr + prep (extract with difficulty)用力从…夺走；拼命从...抢走The thieves prized Bill's wallet from his grasp.prize [sth] out of [sb], pry [sth] out of [sb] (US), prise [sth] out of [sb] (UK) v expr figurative (information: extract from [sb]) (信息、秘密等)从…口中撬出Paisley didn't want to give away Imogen's secret, but her colleagues prized it out of her.prize [sth] out of [sth], pry [sth] out of [sth] (US), prise [sth] out of [sth] (UK) v expr (extract with difficulty)硬让...说出..., 从...那里套出...probate [sth] vtr mainly US (law: prove a will) (法律)遗嘱验证It is the executor's job to probate the will.probe [sth] vtr (examine by poking) (用探针等)探查，探测Malcolm probed the cavity in his tooth with his tongue.马尔科姆用舌头探查着自己的牙洞。probe [sth/sb] vtr (medical: examine by touching) (用探针等)探测，探查The doctor probes the wound to see if there are any signs of infection.医生用探针探查伤口，看是否有任何感染迹象。probe [sth] vtr (investigate)调查，探查；深究The journalist probed the evidence to build her story.为撰写报道，记者对证据进行了调查。probe [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (question)询问；探究；深查The prosecutor probed the witness for information.公诉人询问目击证人以获得信息。proceed to [sth] vi + prep (go to)前往；向…前进Please proceed to gate 9 and wait for further instructions.请前往9号登机口，并等候进一步的指示。proceed with [sth] vi + prep (go ahead with)继续；继续进行I would like to proceed with my reading, if you don't mind.如果你不介意的话，我想继续看书。proceed to do [sth] v expr (do next)接下来做；继续做After a slow beginning, the team proceeded to defeat their opponents.比赛开始比较缓慢，接下来这个队伍打败了对手。proceed in doing [sth] v expr (continue, insist on: doing [sth])继续；坚持If you proceed in behaving like this, you will end up in trouble.如果你坚持这样做，会陷入麻烦的。proceed from [sth] vi + prep (be caused by)产生于；由…造成的Her delusions proceed directly from her schizophrenia.她的那些错觉是直接由精神分裂症造成的。process [sth] vtr (treat) (用化学药品等)处理We need to process this in a chemical solution to make it change colour.process [sth] vtr (convert)加工；处理Process the wood to make charcoal for cooking.process [sth/sb] vtr (handle systematically)按程序办理；按程序处理The immigrants were processed at the airport.process [sth] vtr (begin legal process)按法律程序处理This case must be processed efficiently or we might lose in court.process [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep often passive (serve a summons) (法院传票)把…送达He was processed with a summons to appear in court by the police.警方把法院传票送达给他。process [sth] vtr (deal with [sth] emotionally) (感情)处理Each of us processes grief in our own way.我们所有人都用自己的方式处理悲伤的情感。process [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (convert) (比喻)将…加工为，将…转化为Since his stroke, Phil takes much longer to process words into sentences.中风之后，菲尔要花更长的时间，才能连词为句。proclaim [sth] vtr (announce)宣布；公布Late last night they proclaimed the winner in the election.proclaim [sth] vtr figurative (show, indicate)表明；声明Jeffrey proclaimed his love for Tiffany by writing her a song.proctor [sth] vtr US (invigilate exam)监考Ella was assigned to proctor the examination.procure [sth] vtr formal (obtain)获取；获得Where can we procure good top soil?我们上哪儿能找到好的表土？procurer, procurer of [sth] n formal (person who obtains [sth])把...弄到手的人；取得...的人Our company needs a new procurer of cheap imports.；prod [sb/sth] vtr (poke)刺；戳；捅Prod him with your elbow and he'll wake up.prod [sb] to do [sth], prod [sb] into doing [sth] v expr figurative (prompt to do [sth])督促某人做某事Mary resents having to prod her son to finish his homework.prod [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep figurative (prompt, incite)刺激, 怂恿, 推动It's going to take more than that to prod them into action.produce [sth] vtr (manufacture)制造；生产That plant produces tractors.那个工厂生产拖拉机。produce [sth] vtr (cause)导致；引起；带来The bad policy produced many problems for the government.这一糟糕的政策给政府带来了很多问题。produce [sth] vtr (yield)产出，出产This land produces a ton of corn for every hectare.这块土地每公顷出产一吨玉米。produce [sth] vtr (cinema, theatre) (影视作品)制作，拍摄After making a fortune as an actor, he then started producing movies.他在当演员挣了大钱后，开始制作电影。produce [sth] vtr (music: arrange) (音乐)制作，监制How many Beatles albums were produced by George Martin?披头士有多少专辑是乔治·马丁监制的？produce [sth] vtr (show, bring out)展示，出示He produced his passport for inspection.他出示护照以供检查。produce [sth] vtr (give birth, bear)生；生育The hog produced three offspring.produce [sth] vtr (finance: cause to accrue) (金融)产出, 创造出Equities are producing high dividends.produce [sth] vtr (geometry: extend)积profane [sth] vtr (violate [sth] sacred)亵渎；冒犯Jeff profaned the bible by reading it on the toilet.profess to do [sth] v expr (claim)声称；自称She professes to know several governors personally.profess [sth] vtr (declare)公开表示Quentin fell to his knees and professed his undying love for me.profess [sth], profess that vtr (with clause: declare) (接从句)表明Sarah went to the concert to profess her love to Justin Bieber.professionalize [sth], also UK: professionalise [sth] vtr (award professional status) (工作状态)使职业化proffer [sth] vtr (offer, put forward)提出；提议The salesman proffered a deal.proficient in [sth] adj + prep (skilled in [sth])熟练掌握（某种技能）He was proficient in a wide range of practical skills.他熟练掌握着许多不同的实用技能。proficient in [sth] adj + prep (language: speaking well)精通（某种语言）She is proficient in French and German and has some knowledge of Japanese.她精通法语和德语，还懂一些日语。profile [sth/sb] vtr (describe)描述，描绘，介绍The book profiles several stars of Hollywood's golden age.这本书描述了好莱坞黄金时代的几位明星。profile [sth] vtr (give information about: a country) (用数据图表等来)概略描述，概略描绘Researchers have profiled population trends in this country over the last two hundred years.研究人员用图表概略描述了这个国家过去两百年来的人口趋势。profit from [sth] vi + prep (make money from)得益于；从…中获利The company stands to profit from the merger.这家公司从合并中获利。profit from doing [sth], profit by doing [sth] v expr (make money from)从…中获利；从…中牟利The company profited from selling licenses of its operating system to makers of mobile devices.该公司向移动设备生产商销售自己的操作系统许可，借此获利。profit from doing [sth] v expr (exploit)从…获益；利用...牟利Unscrupulous funeral directors may profit from the bereaved by offering only the most expensive options.有的丧葬承办人寡廉鲜耻，为不幸丧失亲人的人只提供最昂贵的服务，借此牟取利益。profit by [sth] vi + prep figurative (gain advantage, benefit) (比喻)通过...获益；从...中获得好处My colleague tried to profit by my mistake.我的同事想利用我的错误获益。profit from [sth] vi + prep figurative (gain advantage)从…中获益；从…中受益If you would be willing to advise us, we would profit greatly from your expertise.如果你愿意给我们提供宝贵的意见，我们将会从你的专业知识中获益良多。profiteer from [sth] vi + prep (sell goods at inflated prices)以...牟求暴利He accused the drug company of profiteering from illness.program [sth] (US), programme [sth] (UK) vtr (schedule) (节目等)安排The museum has programmed a series of events for Women's History Month.这家博物馆为妇女历史月安排了一系列活动。program [sth] vtr (automate, set)设定；给…设定程序Make sure you program the alarm clock before we go to bed.我们睡觉前你一定要把闹钟设定好。program [sth] to do [sth] v expr (set: to perform a task)设定…做…I programmed the VCR to record the football game.我把录像机设定好，录制足球赛。program [sth] vtr (write computer code for)编制…程序；编程You programmed that game? Nice work.那个游戏是你编程的？棒极了。prohibit [sth] vtr (outlaw, make illegal)明文禁止；规定不许The new law prohibits smoking in restaurants.prohibit [sb] from doing [sth] v expr (forbid)阻止；禁止The police prohibited me from entering the building.project [sth] vtr (film: show)放映；放（电影）Charles projected his movie on a white wall in the back of the room.查尔斯将他的电影投射在房间后面的白墙上放映。project [sth] vtr (convey)表达，传达，表现，展示Speaking louder and more clearly will help you to project confidence.说话时声音更加洪亮清晰可以帮助你展示出自己的信心。project [sth]/that vtr (predict)预测；预言Economists project GDP growth of 3% next year.经济学家预言明年的国民生产总值增长率会是百分之三。project [sth], project [sth] onto [sb] vtr (emotion: attribute to [sb] else)把（感情等）投射到Heather projected her fear of dogs onto her son, who actually liked them.希瑟把自己对犬类的恐惧投射在了她儿子身上，而她儿子原本是喜欢狗的。project [sth] vtr (voice: make louder)使用嗓子发（音）；发（声）It's important to project your voice when you are on stage so the audience can hear your words.prolong [sth] vtr (extend, make longer)延长How can I prolong the life of my car?prolong [sth] vtr (protract, make lengthy)延长；拖长The suspect prolonged his hearing with pointless blabber in order to get his story straight.promise of [sth] n (possibility)（成功的）可能性；（成功的）希望；（成功的）迹象The promise of greater opportunity drew many people to California.更大的成功可能性吸引了许多人去到加利福尼亚。promise to do [sth] v expr (commit to doing)保证做某事I promise to finish the work by the end of the week.我保证在周末前完成工作。promise [sb] [sth] vtr (with object: commit to)向…承诺…My parents have promised me a bike for Christmas.我父母向我承诺圣诞节送我一辆自行车。promise [sth] vtr (guarantee, commit to)许诺…，承诺…，保证…TV commercials promise a lot of incredible things.电视广告向观众承诺了很多不可思议的事情。promise [sth] vtr figurative (give cause to expect)预示；有可能发生The grey sky promised snow.灰蒙蒙的天空预示着降雪。promo [sth] vtr abbreviation, informal (promote)推广...promote [sth] vtr (advertise)促销；推销；宣传Radio commercials promote various products.电台广告对各种产品进行推销。promote [sth] vtr (foster, encourage)提倡；发扬；发扬Officials try to promote the use of seat belts.官员们试图推广安全带的使用。promote [sb/sth] vtr (support)推举Our party tries to promote the candidate.promote [sb/sth] vtr (sports team)大力宣传；使...晋级； (俚语)力挺The fans promote the team enthusiastically.promote [sth] vtr (chess) (棋)使（卒）升格The pawn was promoted to queen.prompt [sb] to do [sth] v expr (encourage [sb] to do [sth])鼓励某人做某事；激励某人做某事It was James's mother who prompted him to apply for university courses.是詹姆士的母亲鼓励了他申请大学。prompt [sth] vtr (give rise to)引起；激起The minister's resignation is bound to prompt debate as to the reasons behind it.首相的辞职一定会引起讨论，猜测其背后原因。promulgate, promulgate [sth] vtr (put forward)颁布The senator promulgated a new law on taxes.prone to [sth] adj + prep (susceptible)可能…的；倾向于…的；容易I am prone to migraine headaches; I get one at least once a month.我容易患偏头痛，每个月至少会复发一次。prone to doing [sth] expr (tending to do)倾向做某事的；有意于做某事的；喜欢做某事的Alan is prone to taking days off without bothering to give an explanation.艾伦总是喜欢请假，甚至连借口都懒得找。pronounce [sth] vtr (say: a word)发…的音Americans and British people pronounce "tomato" differently.美国人和英国人在说“tomato”这个词时发音不一样。pronounce [sth] vtr (state authoritatively)宣布；宣告；宣称Olivia pronounced her intention to be the first woman president.奥利维亚宣布自己打算成为首位女总统。pronounce on [sth], pronounce upon [sth] vi + prep (make a statement)就...发表意见；表态；宣称；宣告The critics have already pronounced on this book and they didn't like it.批评家们已经就这本书发表了意见——他们并不喜欢这本书。proof [sth] vtr (protect [sth]) (防水、防火等)对…做防护处理I will proof the leather boots with silicone spray.proof [sth] vtr (test print) (印刷)试印, 印…的校样The first few pages printed are used to proof the copy.proof [sth] vtr (proofread)校对；审校The article was proofed by the sub-editor before it went to the printer.proof against [sth] adj + prep (protected)可以抵抗…的；能防…的It seems that nothing on the internet is proof against determined hackers.只要黑客决心坚定，网上似乎没有什么是可以抵抗侵袭的。proofread [sth] vtr (text: review, check)校对Please proofread my essay for any spelling errors.prop [sth/sb] against [sth] vtr + prep (lean for support)支撑；支持Ursula propped the spade against the wall while she put the plant into the hole she had just dug.乌尔苏拉把铲子支在墙边，将植物栽进刚刚挖好的坑里。propagandize [sb/sth], also UK: propagandise [sb/sth] vtr (subject to propaganda)宣传...propagate, propagate [sth] vtr (plant: breed, grow) (植物上的)繁殖；种植The farmer propagated ten acres of corn.propagate [sth] vtr figurative (idea: spread)传播；普及；宣传The politician propagated his ideas about teachers' unions.propel [sb/sth] vtr (move forward)推动…前进，推进What propels these tiny creatures through the water?是什么推动着这些微小的生物在水中前进？propel [sb/sth] vtr figurative (drive, push) (比喻)驱动，驱使，推动She was propelled to stardom almost overnight.她几乎是在一夜之间被推上了明星的宝座。prophesy [sth] vtr (predict, foretell)预告；预测Some people claim that Nostradamus prophesied many of the major events in world history.proportional to [sth] adj + prep (in proportion)按比例的Her head is proportional to her shoulders.proportionate [sth] vtr formal (make proportionate)使成比例；使均衡propose [sth] vtr (suggest)建议（某事）；提议（某事）I propose a toast. To the happy couple!我提议，为这对幸福的新人干一杯！propose doing [sth] v expr (suggest doing)建议（做某事）；提议（做某事）After the meal, Jeremy proposed going on to a nightclub.吃完饭，杰里米建议去夜店玩。propose to do [sth] v expr (plan, intend)计划做某事，打算做某事Do you really propose to try to swim the Channel without any further preparation?你真的打算不再做进一步准备就游泳横渡海峡？propound, propound [sth] vtr (put forward) (计划等)提出；提议The professor propounded a new theory in physics.prorate [sth] vtr US (pay pro rata, proportionately)按比例分配；按比例分摊The gym prorated my bill after I cancelled my membership.prorogue [sth] vtr formal (suspend, postpone)休会；使延期proscribe, proscribe [sth] vtr (banish, ban)禁止；排斥Although the city allowed carrying guns, many businesses proscribed them.prosecute [sth] vtr (carry through)继续从事；贯彻下去the prospect of [sth] n (anticipation)想到…The prospect of going on holiday with my in-laws did not fill me with joy.一想到要和姻亲们一起去度假，我就高兴不起来。prospect for [sth] vi + prep (for gold, etc.)勘探；勘察The mining company is prospecting for gold in the area.prospect for [sth] vi + prep (seek, look for)寻找；找寻The recruitment agency is prospecting for new talent.招聘中介正在寻找新兴人才。protect [sth/sb] vtr (defend from attack)保护；保卫The bodyguards protected the prime minister.警卫们保护着总理。protect [sth] vtr (econ.: guard from competition) (经济)保护The US protects its auto industry from foreign competition.protective of [sb/sth] adj + prep (person)对…关爱保护的；对…用心爱护的Bob is very protective of his children.鲍勃对自己的孩子们非常关爱保护。protest, protest about [sth], protest against [sth] vi + prep (complain about)抗议；异议，反对The staff protested about having to work on a public holiday.工作人员抗议在公共节假日加班。protest [sth] vtr (in public)集会抗议；公开抗议A crowd gathered to protest the new law.人群聚集起来抗议新出台的法律。protest [sth] vtr (assert strongly)坚称；断言Matt thinks Rob stole his phone, but Rob is protesting his innocence.马特认为是洛博偷了他的手机，但洛博坚称自己是清白的。protract, protract [sth] vtr (prolong, draw out)拖延；延长The scholar protracted his research phase.proud of [sth] adj + prep (feeling pleased, satisfied with [sth]) (褒义)自豪的，感到光荣的； (贬义)骄傲的，傲慢的Ralph was proud of his success.拉尔夫为自己的成功感到自豪。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 他为人骄傲，听不进别人的反对意见。prove [sth]/that vtr (demonstrate conclusively)证明；证实The scientist attempted to prove his theory.这位科学家试图证明自己的理论。prove [sth] vtr (turn out to be)结果是His conclusion proved false.他的结论结果是错的。prove to be [sth] v expr (turn out to be)事实证明…The detective's hunch proved to be right.侦探的预感被证明是对的。prove [sth], also US: proof [sth] vtr (bread dough: leave to rise) (面团)使…发酵You will need to prove the dough before baking it.在烘焙前要先等面团发酵。；prove [sth] vtr (mathematics) (数学定理等)证明To prove the theorem, you must show your work.prove [sth] vtr (will: validate) (遗嘱)使...生效，认证The will was proved by his widow.provide [sth] vtr (furnish, supply)供给；提供；供应I'll provide the tent if you provide the food.你要提供吃的，我就提供帐篷。provide [sth] vtr (give, yield)提供；给予One cow provides enough milk for a family.一头奶牛能提供一家人所需的牛奶。provide [sth] vtr (make available)提供；供给Will you provide transport to and from the party?你提不提供聚会接送服务？provide money for [sth/sb] v expr (support financially)为…提供资金；给…提供经济上的支持My parents provided money for my studies abroad.provide [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (supply with, make available)为某人提供某物Contact the school secretary, who will provide you with the necessary forms.请联系教学秘书，他会为您提供必要的表格。provider, provider of [sth] n (company in general)…的提供商；…的供应商Our company is the country's largest provider of recycling services.我们公司是该国最大的回收服务提供商。provision [sb/sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (supply with)把…提供给；把…供应给Aid workers put themselves at risk to provision the starving people with food and drink.援救人员冒着危险向饱受饥荒之苦的人们提供食物和饮用水。provoke [sth] vtr (cause)引起；引发The sudden rise in food prices provoked riots.食品价格暴涨引发了暴动。provoke, provoke [sb] into (doing) [sth], provoke [sb] to (do) [sth] vtr (incite [sb] to do [sth])激起某人做某事；煽动某人做某事His article provoked me into writing a letter to The Times.我在他的文章的煽动下，写了一封信给《泰晤士报》。prune [sth] vtr (cut tree, shrub, etc.) (树木等)修剪Susan always prunes her hedges in the autumn.苏珊总是在秋季修剪树篱。prune [sth] vtr figurative (reduce, trim)精简, 削减, 删削Business is bad; we're going to have to prune the staff.pry into [sth] vi + prep (ask personal questions)刺探（隐私），打探（别人的私事）Wendy hated the way her mother was always prying into her love life. It's rude to pry into others' business.温蒂讨厌母亲总是打探她的爱情生活。打探别人的私事是很没礼貌的。pry [sth] vtr US (open by levering)撬，撬开The robbers pried the door with a crowbar.强盗用撬棍撬开了门。pry [sth] loose (US), prize [sth] loose, also UK: prise [sth] loose vtr + adj (loosen [sth] by pulling)把…撬松pry [sth] open, prize [sth] open (US), prise [sth] open (UK) vtr + adj (open [sth] by levering)撬开psych [sb] into doing [sth] v expr informal, abbreviation (persuade by psychological means) (使用心理方法)说服某人做某事psych [sb] out of [sth] v expr informal, abbreviation (dissuade by psychological means) 没有提供翻译 psych [sb] out of doing [sth] v expr informal, abbreviation (dissuade by psychological means)诱使某人停止做某事；说服某人停止做某事psyched about [sth] adj + prep (excited, keyed up about)对…感到激动；对…感到兴奋publicize [sth], also UK: publicise [sth] vtr (promote, advertise [sth])推广；推销；广告宣传We're using print and Internet advertising to publicize the event.publicize [sth], also UK: publicise [sth] vtr (make [sth] known)宣传；报道；传播She makes a point of not publicizing her charity work.publish [sth] vtr (produce and issue)出版；发行Ian was thrilled when the publishing house agreed to publish his novel.出版社同意出版伊安的小说，他高兴极了。publish [sth] vtr (put in print)发表；出版The newspaper published the story, despite the actor's objections.尽管那名演员反对，但报纸还是发表了那篇报道。publish [sth] vtr formal (announce publicly)颁布；发布The king published an edict enforcing celibacy on members of the clergy.国王颁布了一部法令，强制神职人员保持独身。pucker [sth] vtr (purse: your lips) (接吻)撅嘴Jenny puckered her lips, expecting a kiss.puff on [sth] vi + prep (smoke) (吸烟)一口一口地吐气The young woman was puffing on a cigarette as she hurried along the road.pug [sth] vtr (brickmaking: knead with water)和泥；搅拌粘土Meghan pugged the clay to prepare it for making bricks.pull [sth] vtr (draw nearer)拉；拽He pulled the computer towards himself.他把电脑拖向自己。pull [sth] vtr (tug)拉；拖The girl pulled her father's coat.女孩拉了拉父亲的外套。pull [sth] vtr (squeeze)扣动；扳动Pull the trigger firmly.用力扣动扳机。pull [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (take out)从…中取出；拿出The secretary pulled the file from the cabinet.秘书从柜子里取出那份文件。pull [sth] vtr slang (do: [sth] sneaky) (花招、计谋)耍, 实施Don't pull any silly tricks at dinner.pull [sth] vtr (row with oars)划船；划桨She pulled the oars as hard as she could in an attempt to win the race.pull [sth] vtr informal (take out)拔出, 掏出The policeman pulled a gun on the robber.pull [sth/sb], pull [sth/sb] from [sth] vtr slang (remove)使离开, 调走We had to pull the item from our stores when it was found to be faulty.pull [sth] vtr (printing: take a sample) (印刷)打印, 试印The printer pulled a proof of the new plate.pull [sth] vtr (strain: a muscle) (肌肉)拉伤He pulled his leg muscle and had to stop playing in the game.pull [sth] vtr informal, often passive (tooth: extract)拔牙I've just had a tooth pulled and it hurts.我才拔了牙，痛死了。pull [sth], pull [sth] on [sb] vtr US, slang (stunt, trick: play)对…耍花招How could you pull such a mean trick on me?你怎么能对我耍这么阴的花招？pull [sth] apart, pull apart [sth] vtr + adv figurative (criticize harshly)大肆批评, 严厉批评The following speaker pulled my theory apart.pull [sth] aside, pull aside [sth] vtr + adv (draw back: curtains, cover) (窗帘等)把...拉开；把…拉到一边The elderly woman pulled the curtains aside to peer out the window.pull [sth] away, pull away [sth] vtr + adv (remove)拿掉；拉开She pulled away the sheet to reveal the sculpture.她拉开布罩，露出了雕塑。pull [sth] back vtr + adv (draw aside: curtain, cover)把 …往后拉；使回到原来状态；反悔；撤退Doris pulled the curtain back and peered out of the window.多丽斯把窗帘拉回来，向窗外窥视。pull [sth] down, pull down [sth] vtr + adv (draw downwards)拉下I always pull down the shades at night.我总会在晚上拉下百叶窗。pull [sth] down, pull down [sth] vtr + adv (building: demolish) (建筑)拆毁，拆除They pulled down the old movie theater to make way for new houses.他们拆除了老电影院，腾出地方来建设新住宅。pull into [sth] vi + prep (park vehicle beside)开向；开进；驶入pull on [sth] vi + prep (tug at)拉扯；拽The little boy pulled impatiently on his mother's arm.小男孩不耐烦地拽着妈妈的胳膊。pull on [sth] vi + prep (stretch)拉扯；撕拉Please don't pull on that sweater, you will ruin it.请不要拉扯那件毛衣，你会弄坏它的。pull [sth] on [sb] vtr + prep slang (trick, deceive [sb])欺骗某人Jane tried to pull the old "I'm staying at my friend's house" line on her mother, but her mother remembered being a teenager and didn't believe her for a minute.简想说“我住在朋友家”这句老套话来欺骗她妈妈，但她母亲记起自己还是十几岁的时候，一点也不相信她。pull [sth] out, pull out [sth] vtr + adv (extract, remove)拔出；取出The dentist pulled out the infected tooth.牙医拔出了受感染的牙齿。pull [sb/sth] out vtr + adv (withdraw)退学Shay's parents were unhappy with the academic standards at her school, so they pulled her out.谢伊的父母对她学校的学术要求不满意，所以帮她办了退学。pull the plug on [sth] v expr informal, figurative (cause abrupt end)终止This project is losing us money; it's time we pulled the plug on it.pull [sth/sb] together vtr + adv (assemble, gather)组织起；把…聚集到一起Brian pulled a team together to come up with a plan.布莱恩把小队聚集到一起来提出一个计划。pull [sb] up on [sth], pull [sb] up for [sth] v expr figurative, informal (reprimand for [sth])因为…训斥；因为…责备Ruth pulled her son up on his bad language.露丝因他的儿子讲了脏话而训斥他。pull yourself out of [sth] v expr figurative, informal (free yourself from [sth] by hard work) (通过努力工作)使自由；从...解放出来By working three jobs, Manny managed to pull himself out of poverty.pulp [sth] vtr (fruit: crush)把（水果等）捣烂To make your smoothie, pulp all the fruit and mix together.pulp [sth] vtr (unsold books: destroy)把（书）制成纸浆We'll have to pulp all these books; we're never going to sell them!pulverize, pulverize [sth], also UK: pulverise [sth] vtr (crush, grind [sth] to dust) (本义)磨碎，将…弄成粉末，研磨成粉末The workers pulverized the rocks.pumice, pumice [sth] vtr (rub with a pumice stone)用浮石摩擦I pumice my feet once a week.pummel [sth/sb] vtr (beat, pound)殴打；拳击；痛打The gang pummelled him and left him for dead in the street.黑帮的人殴打了他一顿，把他扔在街上等死。pummel [sth/sb] vtr US, figurative, often passive, informal (critique harshly)抨击Critics pummeled the movie when it was first released.pump [sth] vtr (force: liquid, air)用泵抽吸；用泵给…充气Ursula is pumping the water out of her cellar, following the recent floods.乌尔苏拉的地窖最近被淹了，她正在用泵往外抽水。pump [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (insert: air) (气体)给…充The gas station attendant pumped air into the tires.加油站的员工给轮胎充了气。pump [sth] vtr (dispense: gasoline)给...加油； (新加坡)添油Petra pumped petrol into her car's tank.佩特拉给车加了油。pump [sth] vtr (push repeatedly)不断地推或压Max pumped the handle, desperately trying to open the door.马克思反复用力拧动门把手，拼命想要把门打开。pump [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep figurative (inject)灌输, 注入The addict pumped the drug into her vein.pump [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep figurative, informal (interrogate)追问；拷问；盘问Karen's colleagues keep pumping her for information about the merger, but she won't tell them anything.pump [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep figurative (invest: money, etc.)向...大量提供；向...大量供给；给...大量投资The project is failing, but the backers keep pumping money into it anyway.pump [sth] into [sth/sb] vtr + prep (bullets: fire repeatedly) (子弹)将...连续射入The gunman pumped bullets into the car.pump [sth] vtr (breast milk: express using pump)用泵抽奶；泵奶Jess pumps milk every day so that her partner can give their baby his nighttime feeds.punch [sb/sth] vtr (hit with fist)用拳痛击；挥拳打Beside himself with rage, Ben punched Harry.本在盛怒之下打了哈里一拳。punch [sth] vtr (make a hole in)给…打孔The bus conductor punched Jane's ticket.公车司机给简的车票打了孔。punch [sth] vtr (button, key: press) (键、按钮)按Leah punched a button and the door opened.punch a hole in [sth] v expr (perforate)打洞；穿孔punch [sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (hit on specified body part) (打击身体部位)打在某人的...上Tom punched Pete in the stomach.punch [sth] in, punch in [sth] vtr + adv (crush by hitting with fist) (指用拳头)打扁；打得...凹进去If you don't shut up, I'm going to punch your face in.punctuate [sth] vtr (add punctuation marks to)加标点于；在…加上标点Holly always punctuates her sentences with an exclamation point to express her enthusiasm.punctuate [sth] vtr (interrupt) (谈话等)打断Cheering punctuated the Mayor's speech.punctuate [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (interrupt with)用…打断The speaker punctuated her talk with several digressions.punctuate [sth] vtr (give emphasis to)强调；突出The politician punctuated his speech with gestures and facial expressions.puncture [sth] vtr ([sth] holding air) (车胎等)刺破, 扎破The nail punctured the bike tyre.puncture [sth] vtr (make hole in surface)刺穿；刺破Bill punctured the packaging with a pair of scissors.punish [sth] vtr (treat harshly)痛击；粗暴对待The rider was really punishing his horse, pushing him ever faster even though it was obvious the poor animal was exhausted.punt [sth] vtr (steer boat with pole) (船)用篙撑The instructor showed the group how to punt their boats forward.punt [sth] vtr (sports: kick)踢The player punted the ball into the end zone.pup [sth] vtr (dog: give birth to) (犬类，生幼崽)生，生育The dog pupped a litter of seven puppies.purchase [sth] vtr slightly formal (buy)买；购买I purchased some office supplies yesterday.昨天我买了一些办公用品。purchase [sth] vtr (acquire)得到；获得I purchased two new properties today.purchase [sth] vtr (gain through bribery)收买；向…行贿以获得利益When he failed to respond to questioning, they suspected someone had purchased his silence.purchase [sth] vtr slightly formal (be adequate to buy)可以买到；够买One Euro purchases little more than a cup of coffee.purfle [sth] vtr (decorate with border)给…饰以镶边；给…饰以边缘饰purge [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (cleanse)将…从…清除A detox diet is supposed to purge the poisons from your body.排毒食谱会将毒素从你的身体中清除。purge [sth] of [sth] vtr + prep (eliminate, get rid of [sth])清除…的（毒素等）Steve is following a special diet to purge his body of toxins.史蒂夫为了清除他身体中的毒素，正遵循一种特殊的食谱。purge [sb] of [sth] vtr + prep (get rid of [sth])使…清除（罪责、过失等）Tim believes that confessing to his sins purges him of guilt.提姆相信，忏悔自己的罪孽会清除他的负罪感。purge [sth] of [sb/sth] vtr + prep (government: get rid of) (政府行为)将…从…清除出去The party leader has purged the party of troublemakers.党派领导人将党派中惹是生非之人清除了出去。purify [sth] vtr (remove impurities from)从…中剔除杂质；使…变纯净；净化Attempts to purify languages usually fail.purl [sth] vtr (knit using purl stitches) (编制针法)上针purloin [sth] vtr (steal)偷窃vtr；盗取purple [sth] vtr (make purple)使…变紫purport to do [sth] v expr (claim to do)声称Amber's research purports to show that eating chocolate is good for you.安柏尔的研究声称能证明吃巧克力对你有好处。purport to be [sth] v expr (claim to be)声称为，据称为The novel purports to be the autobiography of a 100-year-old man.这本小说声称是一名百岁老人的自传。purr [sth] vtr figurative (say in soft voice)柔声说；轻声说"Hello, handsome," purred Amy.“你好，帅哥。”艾米轻声说道。purse [sth] vtr (pucker)嘟起；撅起He pursed his lips as if about to kiss someone.pursuant to, pursuant to [sth] prep formal (legal: in accordance with) (法律)依据...，根据...The police officers searched the house pursuant to a warrant signed by a judge.pursue [sth] vtr (try to attain)继续；从事Melanie is pursuing a career in medicine.梅兰妮从事医药行业。pursue [sth] vtr (follow: information)寻求；追查The police are pursuing a number of leads in their hunt for the suspect.为追捕嫌犯，警方正追查数条线索。pursue [sth] vtr (apply yourself to [sth])致力于；努力做James is pursuing his studies in comparative literature.詹姆士正致力于研究比较文学。pursue [sth] vtr (discuss further)继续讨论；进一步讨论I'd really like to pursue the interesting point you made earlier about the link between poverty and poor nutrition.你之前就贫困与营养不良之间联系提出的观点很有意思，我想与你进一步进行讨论。purvey [sth] vtr formal (goods: supply)供应；提供；供给purveyor, purveyor of [sth] n (person who spreads: lies, gossip) (谎言、流言等)散布…的人Bobby left the church when he learned that his priest was a purveyor of lies.push [sb/sth] vtr (shove, force)推If you want to get out, you need to push the door instead of pulling it.The rude man pushed the people out of the way.要想出去，不要拉门，要往外推。// 那个人非常无礼，把周围的人都推开。push [sth] vtr (press)压；按；按下Push that button to start the blender.按那个按钮启动搅拌器。push [sb] to do [sth], push [sb] into [sth], push [sb] into doing [sth] vtr (urge, coerce)促使某人做某事He pushed her to go to the store with him.push [sth] vtr figurative (drugs, etc.: sell) (毒品等)兜售，贩售The young man was arrested for pushing drugs.push against [sth/sb] vi + prep (put up resistance to)推，朝…挤撞The crowd pushed against the barrier to try to see what was happening.push [sth] ahead vtr + adv (move [sth] forward)向前推...Trevor walked into the supermarket, pushing the trolley ahead.push [sth/sb] aside, push aside [sth/sb] vi + prep (shove to one side)把…推开；把…挤到一边Julie pushed the brambles aside so that she could get past without being scratched.Fans pushed each other aside to get a position near the front of the stage.push [sth] down vtr + adv (press downwards)按Push the lever down to start the pump.按下杠杆来启动泵。push [sb/sth] down vtr + adv (cause to fall)推倒The cows pushed down the fence to get to the grass.奶牛们踩倒了篱笆，去到外面吃草。push [sth] down vtr + adv (hold down by pressing)向下压，向下按I'll push the branch down while you climb over it.我来按住树枝，你爬过去。push [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (press [sth] inside [sth])把...压进...里去；把...推进...里去Push the chocolate chips into the top of the muffins before you bake them.push [sth] out, push out [sth] vtr + adv (force outwards)挺起；凸起"Look how full I am," said Dave, pushing his belly out.“看看我有多饱。”戴夫说道并将肚子挺了出来。push [sth/sb] out, push out [sth/sb] vtr + adv (expel from body) (从身体中)排出push [sth] up, push up [sth] vtr + adv (thrust, press upwards)把...推上去This bra pushes up your bust.这款文胸提升了你的胸部。push [sth] up, push up [sth] vtr + adv figurative (price, bid: force to rise) (价格等)抬高，推升The town's popularity as a tourist destination has pushed up house prices.这个城镇成为知名旅游景点，推高了房价。push yourself to do [sth] v expr (strive hard to do [sth])努力去做be pushed for [sth] v expr informal (be short of)...不足；...不够be pushed to do [sth] v expr informal (have a hard time doing)为难的；处于窘境的be pushing [sth] v expr informal (be almost: a given age) (指年龄)接近...岁；快满...了；就快...了My grandmother is pushing ninety, but she still goes for a long walk every day.put [sth] vtr (place)放；放在He put his glass on the edge of the table.他把杯子放在桌子边上。put [sth] vtr figurative (cause to be)处理, 安置He put all his affairs in order before leaving for Australia.他把所有的事情都处理好了才到澳大利亚去的。put [sth] vtr (phrase, state)表达；陈述When I tell her, I'll put it in a way that won't upset her.告诉她的时候，我会用一种不让她难过的方式来表达。put [sth] in/into [sth] vtr (insert)插入；放入Please put the mail in the slot of the mailbox.put [sth] on [sth], put [sth] onto [sth] vtr + prep (add)给...增加；往...中添加The shopkeeper put an additional shipping charge on the purchase.put [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr (drive, force)迫使...做某事；逼迫...陷入The tank corps put the enemy infantry to flight.put [sth] vtr (phrase, express) (另一种方式)用...表达Can you put that in plain English for me? I don't understand your technical words.put [sb], put [sb] on [sth] vtr (assign, attribute)将…安排做；分配...做Let's put John to work on this task.put [sth] vtr (estimate)估计；估价；估量I would put the cost at around five hundred dollars.put [sth] vtr (wager)打…的赌；下…赌注I think I'll put twenty dollars on this horse. I think she'll win.put [sth] vtr (apply)应用；将…用于You should put your language skills to use in translating or interpreting.put [sth] vtr (make)使, 让Let's put an end to this argument.put [sth] vtr (pose: a question) (问题等)提出；发问Let me put this to you: How did birds evolve?put [sth] vtr (impose)强加；施加；施予The government put a charge on applying for a driving licence.put a crimp in [sth] expr (cause a slight problem)阻碍；破坏put a curb on [sth] v expr (restrict [sth])限制put a damper on [sth], also UK: put a dampener on [sth] v expr informal, figurative (spoil [sth])使...蒙上阴影；泼冷水put a gloss on [sth] v expr figurative (make appealing)使..有吸引力；使具有魅力put a halt to [sth] v expr (end [sth], call a stop to [sth])阻止，让…停止Quick action by the authorities put a halt to the street riots after the football match.put a lid on [sth] v expr figurative (fix an upper limit)给…设定上限The manager decided to put a lid on pointless spending in the department.put a spell on [sb/sth] vtr (bewitch)蛊惑, 对…施魔法, 施魔咒于The witch put a spell on the man, who then turned into a toad.put a stop to [sth] vtr (end, curtail)制止；停止The students are cheating; we'll put a stop to that right away.Prohibition did not put a stop to people drinking alcohol, in fact the reverse was true.put a strain on [sth/sb] v expr (subject to stress)使...紧张put an embargo on [sth] v expr (ban trade with)对…实行禁运；put an end to [sth] vtr (stop, curtail)结束，终止；杀死The fall put an end to her skiing career. I'll put an end to this nonsense right away!put [sth] aside, put aside [sth] vtr + adv (place to one side)暂时放下；暂时把…搁置在一边Put aside what you are doing; it's time to have lunch.请暂时放下手头的工作，是吃午饭的时间了。put [sth] aside, put aside [sth] v expr figurative (ignore, disregard)忽视；不理睬；搁置Let's put aside our differences, so we can come up with a solution to our common problem.让我们暂时搁置分歧，这样我们就能找到我们共同问题的解决办法。put [sb/sth] at risk v expr (endanger)使处于危险境地You have put our lives at risk by driving so carelessly.put [sb/sth] at risk of [sth], put [sb/sth] at risk of doing [sth] v expr (expose to)使陷入…的风险We were put at risk of severe sunburn, working outdoors at midday.put [sth] at stake v expr (risk)使…冒风险It was a large amount of money to put at stake but he was willing to take the risk.put [sth] back on v expr (lid, cover: replace) (盖子、罩子等)重新盖上；重新罩上Stir the soup and put the lid back on for thirty minutes.put [sth] back on [sth] v expr (lid, cover: replace) (盖子)盖上Put the lid back on the toothpaste tube so that it doesn't dry out.put [sth/sb] before [sth/sb] vtr + prep (prioritize more highly than)比...更重视；将...放在比...更优先的地位I will always put my children's welfare before my own desires.put [sth/sb] behind you v expr (forget [sth/sb])把…抛在脑后put [sth/sb] down vtr + adv (place on surface)把…放下Patsy put her pens down on the desk.The child's mother put him down and he ran off to play on the swings.帕齐把笔放在桌上。//那个孩子的妈妈将他放下，他便跑去荡秋千了。put [sth] down to [sth] v expr UK, informal (consider as reason) (书面)归因于，归结为；是因为Sharon never speaks to me; I put it down to shyness.莎伦从不跟我说话，我把这归因于她的腼腆害羞。put [sth] down to [sth] v expr (ascribe to)归因于Jake's parents put his mood swings down to him being a teenager.put faith in [sth/sb] vtr (trust, believe in)信任；对…抱有信心We need to do something now; we can't put faith in their promises of a future solution.As an atheist, I put my faith in the power of the human mind.put [sb/sth] first v expr (prioritize)把…放在首位, 以…为本No one likes Nancy; she always puts herself first and doesn't think of anyone else.没人喜欢南希，因为她总是把自己放在第一位，从不为别人着想。put [sth] in [sth], put [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (insert, place inside)插入；把…放入…中Put the plug in the socket and turn the power on at the wall.把插头插在插座上并打开墙上的电源。put [sth] in, put in [sth] vtr + adv (insert)插入Isla put her coin in and pressed the button but the vending machine did nothing.艾拉把硬币投进去，按下按钮，但自动售货机没有任何反应。put [sth] in, put in [sth] vtr + adv (add)加入If the soup tastes bland, put in more salt.如果汤尝起来比较淡，可以多放些盐。put in a good word for [sth/sb] vtr informal (say [sth] in support of) (非正式用语)为…说好话；为...美言几句Dad's angry at my big sister; Grandpa's going to put in a good word for her.You're applying for a job at that firm? I know the boss; I'll put in a good word for you.put [sth] in danger v expr (risk the security of)使处于危险状态；危及…的安全The success of the project has been put in danger by the recent economic downturn.put [sth] in jeopardy v expr (endanger)使处于危险之中The politician put his career in jeopardy by having an affair.You may have put his life in jeopardy.put [sth] in motion v expr (initiate, set off)开始；开动；启动Just say the word and the plan will be put in motion.put [sth] in operation, put [sth] into operation v expr (initiate, set off)启动；运行It was time to put the plan in operation.put [sth] in order v expr (arrange correctly)按顺序放好The pages of the manuscript were muddled up so I had to put them in order.put [sth] in order v expr (make correct)按顺序安排好Before he died, my father was careful to put all his affairs in order.put [sth] in perspective, put [sth] into perspective v expr (make appear proportionate)正确看待；透析The disaster helped me put my problems in perspective.put [sth] in perspective, put [sth] into perspective v expr (make appear insignificant)使人正确地看待，使人认识到事物真正的价值The problems faced by people in developing countries certainly put our little problems into perspective.put [sth] in place v expr (implement)实施；施行；落实The school has put measures in place to ensure no stranger can gain access to the building.学校已采取措施，确保没有陌生人可以进入教学楼。put [sth] in practice, put [sth] into practice v expr (carry [sth] out)将…付诸实践The new regulations have still to be put into practice.We have worked out the plan, and now it's time to put it into practice.put [sth] in touch v expr (rugby ball: kick out of bounds)踢出界She kicked the ball and put it in touch.put [sth] in writing vtr (make official or binding)把…写下来Contracts for the sale of land must be put in writing to be valid.put [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (insert or place in)将...插入。；把…放到…里面To start the car, put the keys into the ignition.要发动汽车，先将钥匙插入点火开关。put [sth] into action v expr (implement: plan)付诸实践；付诸行动put [sth] into effect v expr (law, rule: enforce)实施；使生效The government should move immediately to put the law into effect.put [sth] into place v expr (establish)建立put [sth] into place v expr (position correctly)放在正确的地方；使归位put [sth] into words v expr (express in language)用语言表达；用语言描绘；描述I cannot put into words the debt I owe my parents for all their support.put money in [sth] v expr (make a financial contribution)把钱投入；投资I put some money in my friend's new business, but I've yet to see any return on my investment.put on a show of [sth], put on a display of [sth] v expr (feign, give impression of)假装...；假扮...；做出...的样子The parents put on a show of unity so as not to worry their children.put [sth] on display v expr (show off, exhibit)展览；展出That tight shirt really puts his muscles on display nicely.put [sth] on hold v expr (suspend)延期；暂停Construction of the new shopping center was put on hold during the credit crisis.信贷危机期间，新购物中心停建了。put [sth] on hold v expr (reserve)保留；预留I've asked the library to put the book on hold for me.我请求图书馆帮我预留一下那本书。put [sth] on ice v expr figurative (postpone [sth], stop [sth] temporarily)将…搁置She decided to put the wedding plans on ice after her fiance lost his job.put [sth] on paper v expr informal (make official)把…写下来Now we've all agreed on the terms, let's put them on paper.put [sth] on the agenda v expr (intend to discuss)提上日程；列入议事日程What should we put on the agenda for our meeting this afternoon?put [sth] on the back burner v expr figurative (make a low priority)让...不那么重要；降低...的重要性When he heard the news, everything else was put on the back burner.put [sth] on the line v expr figurative, informal (risk [sth])冒…的风险I'm putting my life on the line by doing this for you.put [sth] on the line for [sb] v expr figurative, informal (risk [sth] for [sb])为了某人冒…的风险He put everything on the line for her: his job, marriage and his reputation.put [sth] on the map v expr figurative (place: make famous)让某地出名put [sth] on the market v expr (offer for sale)在市场上出售They put their house on the market a year ago, but it hasn't sold yet.put out at [sth], put out about [sth] expr informal (aggrieved)对…感到不高兴；对…感到不满They were extremely put out at not being allowed to sit together.他们因不能坐在一起而感到极度不满。put [sb/sth] out of business v expr (company, person: cause to fail)破产put [sb/sth] out of his/her/its misery v expr (kill [sb/sth])杀死The dog was so ill that the vet said it would be kinder to put him out of his misery.put [sth] out of order v expr (cause to malfunction)使…出故障Jellyfish got caught in the pipes and put the pump out of order.put [sth/sb] out to pasture v expr figurative (retire: [sb] or [sth] obsolete) (人)使…退休, 被迫离职put [sth] out to pasture v expr (cattle: leave to graze) (牛、羊等)放牧Let's wait until the weather warms up before we put the herd out to pasture.put paid to [sth] v expr informal (cause to end abruptly)中断，了结；使...告吹，使...泡汤The heavy rain put paid to Jan's idea of having a picnic in the park.put pressure on [sth] vtr (apply force to)向…施加压力Put pressure on the cut to stop the bleeding.put pressure on [sb/sth] vtr figurative (compel, coerce)对...施加压力, 强迫, 迫使, 逼迫The mayor put pressure on the police to drop the case.put [sth] right vtr + adj (rectify)纠正；矫正put [sth] right with [sb] v expr (make amends)对…进行弥补He attempted to put things right with her by bringing her roses.put stock in [sth/sb] v expr (trust)信任；依赖put the blame on [sb/sth] v expr (name as culprit)责怪；归罪于；归咎于；put [sb] through [sth] vtr + prep informal (force to endure)使经历The boy had been put through a lot of hardships in his brief lifetime.这个男孩在他短暂的一生中经历了许多苦难。put [sth] through [sth] vtr + prep (subject to: a procedure) (程序)使经过Chloe decided against having surgery as she did not want to put her body through any more trauma.克洛伊决定不做手术，因为她不想让自己的身体遭受更多的伤害。put [sb] through [sth] vtr + prep (fund [sb]'s studies)为…支付上学的费用My parents are both working full time in order to put me through college.为供我上大学，我父母两人都全职工作。put [sth] through, put through [sth] vtr + adv (bill, law: pass) (法律等)使通过The government is unlikely to put the bill through without amendments being made.如果不进行修改，政府不可能通过这项法案。put [sth] through [sth] vtr + prep (bill, law: pass) (法律，法案)…通过了...The bill was put through Parliament in 1908.本法案于1908年由议会批准通过。put [sth] through its paces v expr (test [sth] extensively)考察...能力Prior to the big race, the jockey put his horse through its paces.put [sth] to bed v expr figurative, informal (stop, end)终止；使停止It's time we put all these vicious rumours to bed.put [sth] to bed v expr figurative, informal (prepare for printing)把…付印It's always a race to put the latest magazine issue to bed.put [sth] to good use v expr (use effectively)有效利用；好好利用；使…得以充分利用I'm going to put my lunch hour to good use by going to the supermarket.Chicken bones can be put to good use by using them to make soup.be put to it to do [sth] v expr informal (have difficulty)使陷入困境put [sth] to one side v expr figurative (save) (钱等)储存, 存I'll put it to one side and eat it later.put [sth] to one side v expr figurative (disregard)不理会, 忽视, 不顾Let's put this problem to one side for the moment and consider more important issues.He found it too hard, so he just put it to one side.put [sth] to one side v expr (place to the side)把…放在一边, 将…搁到一旁Put the cake to one side and start making the icing.put [sb/sth] to shame v expr (cause to look inferior)使…相形见绌；使羞愧；使丢脸My colleague's English is so much better than my French; she puts me to shame.put [sth] to sleep v expr euphemism (animal: euthanize) (动物等)使...无痛苦地死去, 人道地杀死, 使安乐死I was heartbroken when my cat had to be put to sleep.put [sth/sb] to the test v expr (check performance)考验；经受检验The new safety procedures were put to the test when there was a fire in the basement.put [sb/sth] to use v expr (make use of [sb/sth])使用，利用put [sth] to work v expr (use)让…发挥作用，让…投入工作Good investors say you should put your money to work if you want to make even more money.put [sth] together, put together [sth] vtr + adv (assemble)将…组合在一起；组装Can you help me put this bookcase together, please?你能帮我把这个书柜拼装起来吗？put [sth] together, put together [sth] vtr + adv figurative (consider as a whole)综合考虑...Once you had put all the clues together, it was obvious what Cassius was hiding.你把所有的线索合在一起，卡修斯想要隐藏的东西就很明显了。put topspin on [sth] v expr (ball sports) (球类运动)打出上旋球put [sb/sth] up for adoption v expr disapproving (child, pet) (含贬义)找人收养；将...送给别人收养The teenage girl gave birth to a baby boy, but immediately put him up for adoption.When the puppies were 8 weeks old, we put them up for adoption.put [sth] up for auction v expr (offer for sale at auction)把…交付拍卖；将…拿出来拍卖We put our house up for auction, but we didn't get nearly as much as we'd hoped for.put [sth] up for rent v expr (make available to lease, hire)将…张贴出去以招租I don't know whether to sell my house or put it up for rent.put [sth] up for sale v expr (offer for purchase)将…出售He put his house up for sale because it had become too small for his family.put up with [sb/sth] v expr informal (tolerate)忍耐；忍受I will not put up with your whining any more. Go to bed this minute!我再也忍受不了你的满腹牢骚了。现在就给我去睡觉！put your finger on [sth], lay your finger on [sth] v expr figurative, informal (identify, determine)确定，认定，确切地指出；说清楚，搞清楚I've just put my finger on why I find it so hard getting up in the morning: I hate my job!put your finger on [sth] v expr (touch or press)将手指放在…上, 用手指按If you put your finger on the dog's nose it may bite you.put your hands on [sth] v expr informal (obtain)获得, 得到Keep a flashlight where you can put your hands on it in case of an emergency.put your heart and soul into [sth] v expr figurative (devote yourself to)投身于；全身心投入put your trust in [sb/sth] v expr (have faith in)信任；信赖You can put your trust in me.put yourself out to do [sth] v expr informal (go to trouble)不厌其烦地做…；不嫌麻烦地做…She never puts herself out to help me.put yourself through [sth] v expr (force yourself to endure [sth])迫使自己经受住；让自己挺过I can't imagine voluntarily putting myself through cosmetic surgery.put yourself through [sth] v expr (college, etc.: fund your studies)为自己支付上学的费用James worked at a burger restaurant two days a week to put himself through college.putt [sth] vtr (golf: hit lightly) (高尔夫球)轻击，轻推Wendy putted the ball into the hole.putty [sth] vtr (fill with putty)用油灰填塞The handyman puttied the crack in the wall.do [sth] on the qt, do [sth] on the q.t. v expr UK, informal (do secretly)秘密做...a quadrillion [sth], a quadrillion of [sth] adj US (this quantity of [sth])千万亿的a quadrillion [sth], a quadrillion of [sth] adj UK (this quantity of [sth])千万亿的quadruple [sth] vtr (multiply by four)变成四倍I wouldn't take that job if they quadrupled the salary.quadruplicate [sth] vtr (make four copies of)使...一式四份vtrquaff [sth] vtr (drink in large gulps)大口喝；痛饮The man quaffed several martinis and then left the bar without saying a word.qualified for [sth] adj + prep (having skills for a job)能胜任…的Mark is qualified for the job thanks to his years of experience as a manager.马克担任过多年经理，经验丰富，能胜任这份工作。qualified to do [sth] expr (having expertise to do [sth])有资格做...Theresa thinks she is qualified to judge other people's parenting even though she has no children.特蕾莎认为即便自己没有孩子，也有资格对其他人如何养育孩子评头论足。qualify for [sth] vi + prep (meet requirements for)有资格The family received a letter saying they qualified for state benefits.Jeremy has qualified for entry into one of the country's top schools.那家人收到一封信，称他们有资格享受本州福利。// 杰里米有资格进入全国最顶尖的学校之一。qualify as [sth] vi + prep (pass exams for: a job)能够胜任，有资格担任Evelyn has qualified as a plumber.伊芙琳已经能够胜任水管工的工作。qualify for [sth] vi + prep (sport: be eligible to compete in) (体育比赛)有资格参（赛）In order to qualify for this race, you must be a member of a recognised sporting club.你必须是受认可的运动俱乐部的成员，才有资格参加这次赛跑。qualify [sth] vtr (statement: moderate)限定；限制William qualified his statement by saying that of course he didn't mean all women drivers.威廉不想把话说得那么绝对，因此补充说，他指的不是所有女司机。qualify [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (statement: moderate by saying)修正；改正Agnes qualified her claim with an admission that she did not know the exact statistics.艾格尼斯修正了她的声明，承认自己不知道确切的数据。qualify [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (educate, prepare: for a job)使…有资格从事This course will qualify students for a career in marketing.这堂课程会使学生们有资格从事营销行业工作。qualify [sb] to do [sth] v expr (educate, prepare)使…有资格从事This course will qualify students to teach at secondary level.这堂课程会使学生们有资格从事中学水平的教育工作。qualify [sth] vtr (grammar: modify) (语法)修饰，限定Adjectives are words that qualify nouns.qualify [sb] to do [sth] v expr figurative (make eligible, give right)使…有资格做；使…能胜任I think your years of experience as a mother qualify you to give her advice.qualify for [sth] vi + prep (be eligible for)有…的资格，符合…的标准Fill in our online form now to see if you qualify for a loan.quantify, quantify [sth] vtr (specify quantity of)确定…的数量；量化You can't quantify love.quantize [sth], also UK: quantise [sth] vtr (physics)使量子化quantize [sth], also UK: quantise [sth] vtr (mathematics)用基本数的倍数表示...quarantine [sb/sth] vtr (put into isolation)对…进行隔离When I took my dog overseas, the local government quarantined him for weeks of medical evaluations.quarrel with [sth] n (disagreement with [sth])反对的理由；不赞成的理由My quarrel with your assertion that women are bad drivers is that it is sexist.quarry [sth] vtr (excavate)开采；采掘18th-century quarrymen used picks and crowbars to quarry stone.18世纪的采石人使用鹤嘴锄和撬棍来开采石头。quarter of [sth/sb] expr (extent: 1/4, one fourth)四分之一备注: When only one, "a quarter" is used generally; "one quarter" is used to emphasize the precise amount.A quarter of twelve is three.Three quarters of 200 is 150.十二的四分之一是三。//200的四分之三是150.quarter [sth] vtr (divide into four)把一分为四；使四等分；将...分为四份Fred quartered the sandwich and gave one piece to each of the four children.弗莱德将三明治分成四份，分给四个孩子，每个孩子一份。quarterback [sb/sth] vtr (American football: lead the offense of) (四分卫)指挥…进攻Tom Brady quarterbacked the New England Patriots when they won their first victory in the Super Bowl.quash [sth] vtr (suppress, crush)镇压；压制The dictator was able to quash the rebellion.quash [sth] vtr figurative (make invalid)撤消；宣布无效；废除The judge quashed the verdict.queen, queen of [sth] n (prominent woman) (指某一领域内成就杰出的女性)女王Martha is the queen of gardening.queen [sth] vtr (chess pawn: turn into queen) (国际象棋)使兵变成后, 使兵升格成后The chess player queened his pawn.queer [sth] vtr (ruin, spoil)搞糟The arrest of a diplomat queered relations between the two countries.quell [sth] vtr (allay)缓解；减轻；缓和What can I say to quell your anxiety about this evening? His early appearance quelled our worries that he wouldn't show.quell [sth] vtr (quash, suppress)镇压；压制Riot police were mobilized to quell the violence.quench [sth] vtr (thirst: satisfy)解（渴）；止（渴）Water quenches thirst better than fruit juice.水比果汁更解渴。quench [sth] vtr (fire: extinguish) (火)熄灭；扑灭Victoria rushed in with a bucket of water and quenched the flames.维多利亚拎着一桶水冲了进来，浇灭了火焰。quench [sth] vtr (suppress)压抑，抑制，扼杀A bad teacher quenched Hilary's interest in creative writing.一位坏老师扼杀了希拉里对创意写作的兴趣。quench [sth] vtr (metal: cool by submersion)使冷却；把…淬火The blacksmith quenched the newly formed horseshoe in the trough.铁匠把新打的马蹄铁放在水槽中淬火。query [sth] vtr (question)质疑；对…表示疑问Peter was sure no one had had extra salad, so he queried the bill.彼得能肯定，没人额外点了莎拉，所以他对账单提出了质疑。query [sth] vtr (computer database) (计算机)查询quest after [sth], quest for [sth] vi + prep formal (seek, search)搜寻；找寻The legend tells of how King Arthur's knights quested for the Holy Grail.传说讲述了亚瑟王的骑士搜寻圣杯的故事。question [sth] vtr (doubt)怀疑；对…表示疑问He questioned the usefulness of the rule, but never asked anybody about it.他怀疑这规则没有用，但从来也没有问过任何人。question [sth/sb] vtr (inquire)询问；问I questioned the actor for hours about his profession.question [sth] vtr (challenge)挑战；对…提出异议In some countries one can be imprisoned for questioning authority.be quick to do [sth] v expr (swift, prompt to do)很快；迅速He was quick to realize that the baby was sick.他很快意识到宝宝生病了。be quick to do [sth] v expr (do [sth] hastily)性急的；仓促的Don't be so quick to make this important decision.quick-freeze [sth] vtr (food: freeze rapidly)速冻quicken [sth] vtr (make faster)使…加速；使…加快When driving on the highway, you need to quicken your speed.行驶在高速路上，你需要加快速度。quicken [sth] vtr (stimulate, rouse)激发；刺激Reading the fantasy novel quickened the child's imagination.阅读奇幻小说能激发孩子的想象力。quiet [sb/sth] vtr (make quiet)使安静；使平静；安抚The father quieted his baby's crying.quieten [sth/sb] vtr (make quieter)使…平静；使…安静quilt [sth] vtr (pad: a blanket, etc.)缝；缝制Ben quilted the blanket.quintuple [sth] vtr (multiply by five)把...乘以五quip [sth], quip that vtr (remark wittily)说俏皮话；打趣Richard quipped that he would need a forklift to move him after eating so much.quit [sth] vtr informal (stop doing)停下； (烟瘾，赌瘾等)戒；停止I can't concentrate when you're tapping your fingers on the desk. Quit it.你在桌子上敲手指的声音太吵，我都无法集中注意力了。快停下。quit doing [sth] v expr informal (stop doing)停止做某事；不要做某事Will you quit interrupting me when I'm trying to study?你能不能不要在我学习的时候打搅我？quit doing [sth] vtr informal (habit: give up) (习惯)戒掉，戒除James is trying to quit biting his nails.詹姆士试图戒掉啃指甲的习惯。quit [sth] vtr (exit: a computer program) (计算机程序等)结束，退出Quit Word before you shut down your computer.在关闭电脑前，请退出Word程序。quit [sth] vtr informal (job: leave)辞（职）Alice has decided to quit her job, as she can't stand the boss.艾莉森无法忍受自己的老板，打算辞职。quite a lot (of [sth]) pron (much, many)相当多There is quite a lot of rice left in the pot, and you are welcome to have more.锅里还剩有相当多的饭，你还想要的话尽管说。quiz [sb] about [sth] vtr + prep (question about a topic)为（某事）盘问（某人）；就（某事）盘查（某人）The police quizzed the witness about exactly what she had seen.警方就确切目击情况盘问了证人。quiz [sb] on [sth], quiz [sb] about [sth] vtr + prep US (students: test on a subject)对…进行…方面的测试The teacher quizzed her students on the Civil War.老师对学生们进行了内战知识方面的测试。quote [sth] vtr (give a price estimate) (价格)报；开The salesman quoted a price.销售商给了个报价。quote [sth] vtr (refer to as evidence)引用；援引The lawyer quoted testimony in his summation.quote [sth] vtr (list on the stock exchange) (证券)为...挂牌上市They will quote the new issue on the NYSE next week.quote [sth] vtr (surround with quotation marks)用引号括起She quoted the book's title in double quotation marks.quoth [sb/sth] vtr archaic (said) (古语)说, 讲rabbit about [sth] vi + prep UK, slang (talk incessantly)唠叨；闲扯He's a real bore at parties - always rabbiting about the economy or immigration.race [sth] vtr (ride or drive in a race)让...参加赛马；让...参加赛车My nephew races go-karts.我侄子（or: 外甥）喜欢参加小型赛车比赛。race [sth] vtr (make an animal compete) (动物)赛…My Uncle Rory trains and races whippets.我的叔叔洛里训练赛犬并参与赛犬比赛。race [sb/sth] vtr (compete against)与…比赛；与…展开竞赛The boys raced each other down the hill.这群男孩相互比赛，看谁最快下山。race [sth] vtr (make [sth] move fast)使…快速运动；使…疾行Jeremy raced the stroller down the street.radiant with [sth] adj + prep figurative (glowing with: joy, health)容光焕发的；喜气洋洋的The old lady was radiant with health; nobody would have believed she was 92.radiate [sth] vtr (emit, give out) (光、热、能量等)散发, 发出, 发射The fire was soon radiating heat throughout the room.radiate [sth] vtr figurative (person: project, give off) (人)显露出, 流露出, 焕发出He radiates confidence and his students absorb it.radicalize [sth/sb], also UK: radicalise [sth/sb] vtr (make more extreme)使更为激进；使激进化radio [sb/sth] vtr (contact by two-way radio) (双向运作)用无线通讯与…联系Jack radioed the station to ask for back up.raffle [sth] vtr (give as lottery prize)在抽奖中用…作为奖品We're raffling tickets to a rock concert.a raft of [sth] n informal (large amount)大量，很多A raft of people turned up to hear the famous man speak.很多人来听这个名人演讲。rag [sb] about [sth] vtr + prep informal (tease about [sth])因某事嘲笑某人Adam's colleagues ragged him about his taste in clothes.同事们因为亚当的衣着品味而嘲笑他。rag on [sb] about [sth] v expr US, informal (tease about [sth])在…上戏弄，在…方面揶揄rage against [sth/sb] vi + prep (be angry about)对...感到愤怒；因...发怒The villagers raged against the proposed new housing development.村民们对新提出的住房发展计划感到愤怒。raid [sth] vtr (attack suddenly)突袭；突击Vikings raided the monastery and enslaved the monks.修道院遭到维京人袭击，僧侣都成了奴隶。raid [sth] vtr (police: visit unexpectedly)突然搜捕；突袭查抄The police raided the bar after a tip off that illegal card games were being held there.警方收到消息说，那家酒吧里有非法赌博活动，因此对该酒吧进行了突击搜查。raid [sth] vtr informal (refrigerator, etc.: grab contents)把冰箱里的东西吃光, 洗劫冰箱里的食物Brenda is fed up of her kids raiding the fridge; there's never any food left when she wants something.布兰达的孩子们总会将冰箱里的东西吃光，她饿的时候根本没得吃，心烦极了。raid [sth] vtr (acquire company stock) (证券、股票)抢购rail against [sth] vi + prep (criticize [sth] harshly)严厉责备The residents railed against the plans for a new high-rise block of flats.此地居民们严厉谴责和声讨新建高层公寓的计划。rain [sth] vtr figurative (send in great quantity)倾泄下；大量落下；下起...的雨The bombers rained destruction.轰炸机降下毁灭的暴雨。rain [sth] vtr figurative (appear in great quantity) (比喻)下起...的雨；大量涌现；纷至沓来Since we lowered the asking price of our house by £10,000, it's been raining offers.我们把房屋出售定价降低了1万英镑，之后各种购买请求纷至沓来。a rain of [sth] n figurative (large quantity) (责骂、侮辱等)大量；一阵；一顿She had to listen to a rain of insults before she could leave the room.在离开房间之前，她不得不经受一顿责骂。rain [sth] vtr figurative (emit as a liquid)像雨点般倾泻；像雨点般落下The gusher rained oil.石油从喷井中雨点般地倾泻而下。rainbow of [sth] n figurative ([sth] colourful)五彩缤纷，五颜六色Terry's shirt was a rainbow of colours.特里的衬衫是五颜六色的。rainproof [sth] vtr (make resistant to wet weather)使防雨vtr；使防水raise [sth] vtr (height: increase)升高；把…往上提We raised the beach umbrella by six inches.我们把沙滩阳伞升高了六英寸。raise [sth] vtr (lift into air)举起Raise your hand if you have a question.如果有问题，就把手举起来。raise [sth] vtr (increase: volume) (音量)增加, 调大Would you raise the volume so I can hear it?你可不可以把音量调大点，好让我也能听见？raise [sth] vtr (intensity: increase)增强；提高（水平等）Guys, we need to raise our level of play or we won't win the game.伙计们，我们得提高自己的技能，否则没法赢得比赛。raise [sth] vtr (salary: increase)提（薪）；涨（工资）The company raised everybody's salary by 3%.公司给每个人涨了3%的工资。raise [sth] vtr (money: collect) (筹款)募集, 筹集We raised five thousand dollars for the charity.我们为慈善机构筹集了五千块钱。raise [sth] vtr (price, rent: increase) (价格)涨高, 提高The landlord raised the rent by one hundred dollars a month.房东把每个月房租提高了一百块。raise [sth] vtr (crops: cultivate)种植；培育Many farmers in Ohio raise corn.俄亥俄州的许多农民都种植玉米。raise [sth] vtr (head: tilt upwards)抬头He raised his head once he heard his name.一听到有人叫自己的名字，他抬起头来。raise [sth] vtr (window: open) (窗户)打开；抬起Let's raise the windows to allow some fresh air in here.raise [sth] vtr (structure: erect)建起It took the company three weeks to raise a barn there.raise [sth] vtr (support: rally)提高；增加；提升The political party tried to raise support among voters.raise [sth] vtr (provoke, rouse)激起；惹起The opposition raised a commotion in the House of Deputies.raise [sth] vtr (animals: rear) (动物)饲养The farmer who lives there raises sheep.raise [sth] vtr (bring up: issue, objection, etc) (问题等)提出；提及Someone at the meeting raised the idea of finishing work early on Fridays.会议上有人提出，周五应当早些下班。raise [sth] vtr (animate)鼓励；振奋The success of his novel raised the author's mood.raise [sth] vtr (stir up, lead)煽动；召集The community leader raised a protest over the new laws.raise [sb] to [sth] vtr (promote: in rank)提升…的等级；提高…的级别；晋升After his bravery in battle, he was raised to the rank of major.raise [sb] [sth] vtr (poker bet: increase)给...加码；比…多下注I match your bet, and raise you five.raise [sth] vtr (bridge: lift) (吊桥)提起；吊起They raised the road's drawbridge to allow the boat through.raise [sth] vtr (military: siege)解除；撤除The attacking army raised their siege of the walled city after a month.raise [sth] vtr (radio: make contact) (通过无线电等)与…取得联系Try to raise headquarters, if that old transmitter still works.raise awareness of [sth] v expr (increase understanding of [sth])提高对…的认识People are wearing wristbands this month to raise awareness of mental health issues.本月人们都佩戴腕带，以此提高大众对心理健康问题的认识。raise [sth] in price v expr (increase the cost of)涨价；抬价；加价raise the height of [sth] v expr (make higher)提高…的高度；使…更高When basketball players speak, we usually have to raise the height of the microphone.rake [sth] vtr (leaves)用耙子清扫Harriet is raking the leaves into a pile.哈利亚特将叶子耙成一堆。rake [sth] vtr (smooth or level [sth]) (土地等)把...耙平David raked the vegetable plot, ready for planting.大卫把菜田耙平，准备进行种植。rake [sth] vtr (scratch or scrape with fingers)搔；抓；挠Imogen raked Neil's face with her nails.rake [sth] vtr (with bullets)扫射The squadron raked the building with bullets.rake through [sth] vi + prep figurative (examine)仔细检查The detective raked through the evidence, looking for clues.rake through [sth] vi + prep figurative (search)在…中搜寻I raked through my bag, looking for my keys.ram [sb/sth] vtr (hit hard)猛击；撞Peter rammed the door, sending it flying open.彼得狠狠地撞开了门。ram [sb/sth] vtr (shove, push) (用力地)挤开，推开Tina rammed Bernard out of her way. The rugby player rammed his opponent.蒂娜用力将伯纳德推开，不让他挡自己路。橄榄球运动员狠狠地将对手推开。ram [sth] vtr (stuff, cram)把…塞入；把…塞进Chris rammed the books into his bag.克里斯把书塞进自己的书包里。ram [sth] down [sb]'s throat v expr figurative, informal (force, impose)强迫（某人）接受；把（观点等）强加于人I wish they'd stop ramming their ideas down our throats.ramp [sth] vtr UK (prices: increase)提高…的价格ramrod [sth] vtr figurative (force through)强行使…通过, 强迫接受When the city council members showed hesitation, the mayor decided to use her power and ramrod the project to completion.ranch [sth] vtr (raise animals)在农场饲养Joe ranches sheep.randomize [sth], also UK: randomise [sth] vtr (make [sth] random)随机化The scientists randomized the trial to avoid bias.range [sth/sb] vtr (arrange people, things)排列；把…分类You should range the specimens from smallest to largest.range from [sth] to [sth] vi + prep (vary) (情感等)从…与…之间转换His reactions ranged from anger to happiness.他的愤怒变成了欣喜。range from [sth] to [sth] vi + prep (span [sth])从…到…（范围）The age of the audience members ranged from young to quite elderly.观众中既有年轻人，也有年纪非常大的人。range over [sth] vi + prep (cover a variety of subjects)涉及, 包括The discussion ranged over topics from medieval skin complaints to the effects of technology on modern life.rank [sth/sb] vtr (place: 1st, etc.)把…分等；给…评定等级Lydia ranks Johnny Depp above Brad Pitt.莉迪亚认为约翰尼德普比布拉德皮特更优秀。rank [sth] vtr (assign order to)排列Wendy ranked the files in alphabetical order.ransack [sth] vtr (search through)彻底搜查；全面搜索Peter ransacked his son's bedroom looking for cigarettes.；ransack [sth] vtr (pillage, plunder)掠夺；洗劫The thieves ransacked the house and took anything remotely valuable.ransom [sth/sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (take with demand for payment)向…勒索Pirates ransomed the ship for millions of dollars.海盗向船勒索数百万美元的赎金。rant about [sth/sb] vi + prep (discuss angrily at length)大声斥责；不停数落Edmund ranted about his colleagues; they'd really been getting on his nerves lately.艾德蒙德大声斥责着自己的同事，这些人最近实在让他心烦。rap [sth] vtr (strike with knuckles)敲；叩击Helen rapped the table to get everyone's attention.rape [sth] vtr figurative, literary (destroy: a place)肆意损坏，肆虐，蹂躏The army raped the land for miles around.军队在这片土地上肆虐，方圆数英里都惨遭蹂躏。rappel [sth] vtr US (abseil down)绕绳下降The captive climbed out of the window and rappeled four stories to freedom.rapt with [sth] adj + prep (person: enraptured)陶醉于…的；沉醉于…的I was rapt with joy at the birth of my child.rare [sth] vtr regional (rear an animal)让...后腿站立rarefy [sth], rarify vtr (make less dense)稀释；使变稀rarefy [sth], rarify vtr (refine)精炼；提纯raring to do [sth] expr informal (eager, keen to: do [sth])迫不及待；跃跃欲试I'm raring to eat a whole pizza tonight.rash of [sth] n (string of events) (尤指不好的事情)爆发的一连串事情Police are reminding people to keep their doors and windows locked, following a rash of burglaries in the area.rasp [sth] vtr (scrape, rub against)锉；刮擦Betty could feel the kitten's rough tongue rasping her hand.raster [sth] vtr (enlarge a digital image)使用光栅投影成像ratchet [sth] vtr (adjust using a ratchet)逐步推动ratchet [sth] up vtr + prep figurative (increase [sth])使…逐步提高，使…逐渐加剧This is an excellent thriller; the author really knows how to ratchet up the tension.这本惊险小说写得非常好；作者真的知道如何逐步加剧紧张气氛。ratchet [sth] down vtr + prep figurative (decrease [sth])减少..., 降低...rate [sth/sb] vtr (evaluate)评价；评估The boss will rate your performance.老板会评价你的表现。rate [sth] vtr (film, etc.: classify) (电影、游戏等)给...分级All new films must be rated by the censors before they can be screened in public.所有新电影上映之前都必须要经过监察部门分级。rate [sth] [sth] vtr (book, film: give a rating) (图书，电影)将…评为I rate this book five stars.我给这本书打五星。rate [sth] [sth], rate [sth] as [sth] vtr (film, etc.: classify)对（影片等）分级； (电影等)将...分为...级The board rated the movie "R."委员会将电影分为R级。rate [sb/sth] [sth], rate [sb/sth] as [sth] vtr (be ranked)分级；排名He rates second in the world.他在全球排名第二。rate [sth] vtr (assess numerically)为…划分等级；为…分等Movie critics rate films on a scale of one to five.电影评论将影片分为一至五级。rate [sth] at [sth] vtr (assign a financial value to)给…估价；给…估值The company value was rated at 10 million dollars.rate [sb/sth] vtr (consider)认为；把…看作I rate him among my friends.rate [sth] vtr (merit)值得She rates consideration.rate [sth] vtr (grade)给…评定分数等级；给...评级The teacher rated her paper an "A".rate [sth] at [sth] vtr UK (tax)对…征税The property was rated at £5 a year.rate [sb/sth] vtr informal (esteem)尊崇；赞赏；把…看作，认为I know he's one of the most famous directors of all time, but I don't rate him.我知道他被认为是有史以来最著名的导演之一，不过我不敢苟同。rather do [sth] than do [sth], rather do [sth] than [sth] expr (prefer to do)更愿意做某事而不喜欢做某事；比起...宁愿做某事I'd rather watch a documentary than read a book.I'd rather go to a bar than the movies.比起读书，我更愿意看纪录片。我更喜欢去酒吧，不喜欢看电影。rather [sth] than [sth] adv + conj (prefer to)想要...而不是；比...更想要I'd rather a badly paid job that I love than a well-paid one that I hate.我宁可少挣一点钱，做自己喜欢的工作，不愿意干讨厌的高薪工作。rathole [sth] vtr US, figurative, informal (hide money, valuables)藏钱ratify, ratify [sth] vtr (confirm, approve)批准；认可Congress rarely ratifies new amendments.ration [sth] vtr (restrict)限量供应My mother always rationed the cookies in our house.ration [sth] vtr (distribute)配给；分发The government rationed the army's food.rationalize [sth], also UK: rationalise [sth] vtr (justify [sth] as reasonable)为…辩解Robert rationalized his use of illegal drugs by saying that he was hyperactive and the drugs relaxed him.rationalize [sth], rationalise [sth] vtr UK (make more efficient)使...更有效率；使...更高效rationalize [sth], rationalise [sth] vtr UK (make cutbacks)使...精简；为...削减rationalize [sth], also UK: rationalise [sth] vtr (express as a rational number) (数学)使…有理化Our maths teacher showed us how to rationalize the numerator.rattle [sth] vtr (shake and make noise)让…碰撞发出响声，摇晃…使发出叮当声Edgar rattled his keys.埃德加叮叮当当地晃动着钥匙。ravage [sth] vtr (damage, devastate)毁灭；毁坏；彻底毁灭The violent storm ravaged the coastline.ravage [sb/sth] vtr often passive (devastate: [sb]'s looks) (容颜等)损坏；毁坏Martha's face was ravaged by sun exposure.the ravages of [sth] npl (damage done by time, war, etc.)损坏后的残迹The ravages of time were clear in her once-beautiful face.rave about [sth/sb] vi + prep (speak angrily)怒喊；对…叫嚷Poor Fred's always raving about how the government is out to get him.可怜的弗莱德总是怒喊说政府要整他。rave about [sth/sb] vi + prep (praise enthusiastically)极力赞美The critics are raving about that new film.评论家们对新电影大加赞美。ravel [sth] vtr (entangle)缠绕；打结The playful cat raveled the yarn.ravel [sth] vtr (unravel, disentangle)解开Karen raveled the yarn and wound it into a skein.ravel [sth] out vtr + adv (untangle)将…的结打开；使不再缠绕ravish [sb/sth] vtr literary, often passive (delight)使…欣喜；使…高兴；使…欣喜若狂The museum's new art exhibit ravishes the eye.Everyone who tasted the fine wine was ravished by it.rawhide [sb/sth] vtr (hit with rawhide whip)用生皮制成的皮鞭抽打The cowboy rawhided the cattle to drive them through the gate.a ray of [sth] n figurative (small amount)一丝；一线The news gave Linda a ray of comfort.raze [sth], rase [sth] vtr (tear down, destroy)拆除；铲平The city government razed the old buildings to build a park.raze [sth] to the ground v expr (building: destroy completely)夷为平地razz [sb] for [sth], razz [sb] about [sth] v expr US, slang (tease about [sth])因...调侃...razz [sb] about doing [sth], razz [sb] for doing [sth] v expr US, slang (tease for doing [sth])因...做了...而调侃re-cover [sth] vtr (put a new cover on)给…加新罩子We need to re-cover the sofa, as the stains won't come out.re-edit [sth] vtr (edit again)再编辑，重新编辑reabsorb [sth] vtr (absorb again)再吸收vtrreaccustom [sb] to [sth], re-accustom [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (get [sb] used to [sth] again)使某人重新习惯某事reach [sth] vtr (get to, arrive at)到；到达；抵达Have you reached Philadelphia yet? If not, keep driving.你到费城了吗？要是还没到，就接着开。reach [sth] vtr (extend arm)伸手够, 够得着；伸, 伸出, 伸手Can you reach the glasses on the top shelf?你能够着顶层架子上的玻璃杯吗？ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 他伸出手去，想摸摸孩子的头。reach [sth] vtr (plane, train: arrive at) (飞机、火车等)到达（目的地），抵达The train reached its destination on time.火车准时到达了目的地。reach [sth] vtr (extend: in distance) (指距离)伸到，达到His legs were so long they reached the end of the bed.他的腿特别长，能伸到床的另一头。reach [sth] vtr (limit, level: attain)达到（某个程度）The temperature is expected to reach 30°C today.今天气温预计达到30摄氏度。reach [sth] vtr (live to be: a given age)达到（某个年纪）； (年龄)活到He felt lucky to have reached the age of ninety.他能达到九十岁高龄，感到自己非常幸运。reach for [sth] vi + prep (move to take)去够；去拿He reached for the book.他去够那本书。reach [sth] vtr (extend, stretch out) (手)伸；伸展He reached his hand down to pick the paper off the floor.reach [sth] vtr (amount to) (某个数量)达到The charity collection reached thirty thousand dollars this year.reach [sth] vtr (go as far as) (指能力、实力等)到得了, 足够到We have just enough gas to reach the next service station.我们有足够燃料，能撑到下一个服务站。reach into [sth] vi + prep (put hand into)将手伸进Joe reached into the drawer and pulled out a notebook and pen.reacquaint [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (make familiar again)重新认识；重新了解reacquire [sth] vtr (obtain again)再次获得vtrreact to [sth] vi + prep (person, animal)应对；反应Workers reacted to the news of planned job losses by staging a strike.为应对裁员传闻，工人们组织了一次罢工。react against [sth] vi + prep (respond negatively to [sth])反抗；反其道而行Martha reacted against her parents' strict morals by becoming a rebel.reactivate [sth] vtr (start up again)使恢复运行；使恢复运转；重新启动I just reactivated my subscription to the New York Times.reactivate [sth] vtr figurative (restore effectiveness of)使恢复活力；使恢复效力Attempts to reactivate AOL were fruitless.reactive to [sth] adj + prep (tending to react or respond)容易起反应的；反应性的Our cat is old and not very reactive to mice or rats.read [sth] vtr (text)阅读；读I read the newspaper every day.我天天看报纸。read about [sth/sb] vtr + prep (read on the topic of)读到I read about your accident in the newspaper.我在报上读到了你发生的事故。read [sth] vtr (speak text aloud)朗读；朗诵She read the joke to us.她给我们朗读了一则笑话。read [sth] vtr (understand text)阅读；看得懂He can read Russian.read [sth] vtr (understand by observing)观察She read the skies for signs of a storm.read [sth] vtr (infer)读出；推断出I'm not sure I read the same meaning from his comments that you do.read [sth] vtr (interpret)理解；领会I read the article as critical of the government. What do you think?我觉得这文章是在批评政府，你说呢？read [sth] vtr (measure: indicate) (量度，测量仪)显示, 标识, 读数为The thermometer reads 22 degrees.温度计的读数是22度。read [sth] vtr UK (study)攻读；学习；主修My son is reading Classics at Cambridge University.read [sth] vtr (take details from) (表)查, 抄The electricity supplier sends someone to read the meter every year.read [sth] vtr (say, be written)写着The sign read "Keep off the grass."read [sth] easily v expr (find clearly legible) (因字迹清楚)很容易看清；易读I read his neat handwriting easily.read [sth] easily v expr (understand without effort)很容易读懂；易读That book is simple, intended for children to read easily.read [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (infer [sth] from [sth])从...中推断出；从...理解到read [sth] off, read off [sth] vtr + adv (list: read aloud)朗读；宣读；大声宣布The teacher read off the names of the students who had never been absent.readdress [sth] vtr (address again)更改…的地址vtr；更改...的称呼vtrreadjust [sth] vtr (alter settings of)重新调整；校正The TV display seems odd; I think we need to readjust it.readopt [sth] vtr (adopt or assume again)重新采用vtr；再次采纳readvertise [sth], re-advertise [sth], also US: readvertize [sth] vtr (publicize again)再次发布...，再次公示...，再次宣传...ready for [sth] adj + prep (prepared)准备完毕的, 准备好的, 准备就绪的I am ready for anything.我全都准备好了。ready to do [sth] expr (on the point of)即将；马上就He looks like he's ready to jump.看来他即将要跳了。ready to do [sth] expr informal (close to doing)快要；马上要The poor woman looked ready to cry.那个可怜的妇女看起来快要哭了。ready to do [sth] expr (prepared)准备好Are you ready to help?你准备好帮忙了吗?ready [sth/sb] vtr (prepare)准备好The soldiers readied their weapons.士兵们准备好了自己的武器。reaffirm, reaffirm [sth], reaffirm that vtr (restate, assert again)重申；再断言I just want to reaffirm my support for this cause.realign [sth] vtr (put back in position)重新排列；重新布置The osteopath's manipulations realigned Eugene's spine.realize [sth], also UK: realise [sth] vtr (be aware of)意识到I hope he realizes his mistake soon.我希望他很快能意识到自己的过失。realize [sth], also UK: realise [sth] vtr (fulfil, make real)实现；将…变为现实I hope you realize your dreams.我希望你能实现自己的梦想。realize [sth], also UK: realise [sth] vtr (convert into money)将…变现；将…变卖为现金They realized all the company's assets.他们将公司的所有资产都变现了。realize [sth], also UK: realise [sth] vtr (obtain, earn) (盈利等)实现，赚得The company realized a profit last quarter.上个季度，这个公司实现了盈利。reallocate, reallocate [sth], reallocate [sth] to [sb] vtr (apportion or distribute again)再分配；重新分派During the lawsuit, the company had to reallocate funds for lawyers.reams, reams of [sth] npl figurative (large amount: of [sth])大量The writer produced reams of beautiful poetry.ream [sth] vtr (enlarge a hole)扩孔Clara had to ream the small hole in the bottle so that the liquid could be squeezed out.ream [sth] vtr US (clear out)清除...reanalyze [sth], also UK: reanalyse [sth] vtr (analyze again)再次分析vtr；重新分析reanimate [sth] vtr (enliven again)使再次充满活力vtr；复活；复生reanimate [sth/sb] vtr (bring back to life)复活vtrreap [sth] vtr (farming: harvest)收割；收获The farmhands are out in the fields, reaping the corn.农夫们在田中收获玉米。reap [sth] vtr (profits: get as a return) (利润、收益)获得，得到Diana is reaping a handsome profit from her investments.戴安娜的投资获得了不小的收益。reap the benefit of [sth], reap the benefits of [sth] v expr (profit)得益于；从…获得益处；因…得到好处If you practice the piano every day, you'll soon reap the benefit of all your hard work.reap the rewards of [sth] v expr figurative (benefit, profit)从...中获益In his old age, Charlie is reaping the rewards of a life of exercise and healthy eating.reapply [sth] vtr (put on again)再敷；重涂；再抹Bonnie reapplied her nail polish for an opaque look.reapply [sth] vtr (use again)再运用；重新应用The economist reapplied Marx's theories in her work.reappoint [sb] to [sth] vtr (assign to a position again)重新任命...为；重新选派...为reapportion [sth] vtr (share out again)重新分配vtr；再次分配reappraise [sth/sb] vtr (assess again)重新评估；重新评定；对…重新估价reappraise [sth/sb] vtr (change your mind)重新评价rear [sth] vtr (raise animals) (动物)饲养Jack rears cattle on his farm.杰克的农场饲养牛。rear-end [sth/sb] vtr (crash into)追尾；与...追尾rearrange [sth] vtr (compose differently) (强调以不同的方式)重新布置；重新整理；重新排序The child rearranged the blocks to form a heart shape.rearrange [sth] vtr (organize again) (强调再一次)重新安排I need to rearrange my thoughts in order to understand this problem.reascend [sth] vtr (go up again)使再次上升vtr；使再次升高reassemble [sth] vtr (put back together)重新装配；重新组装After we finish moving, can you help me reassemble my furniture?reassert, reassert [sth], reassert that vtr (state or affirm again)重申；重复主张The president reasserted his commitment to anti-terrorism policies.reassess [sth/sb] vtr (appraise again)对…重新估价Why don't you get some sleep and reassess the situation in the morning?reassess [sth/sb] vtr (change your mind about)对…进行再评价；重新评价After considering all the research, the president reassessed his position.reassign [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (assign to [sb] again) (给人)把…重新分配给reassign [sb] [sth] vtr (assign to [sb] again)重新委派；重新任命reassign [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (assign [sth] again) (给事物)把…重新分配给reassign [sth] [sth] vtr (assign [sth] again)重新分配reassume [sth], re-assume [sth] vtr (job position, office: gain again)再担任reassume [sth], re-assume [sth] vtr (responsibility: take on again)再承担reassume [sth], re-assume [sth] vtr (physical position: get into again)重新采取；重新做reassume [sth], re-assume [sth] vtr (character, mood: adopt again)再采取reassume [sth], re-assume [sth] vtr (assumption: take as true again)再假定reattach [sth] vtr (affix again)重新附加；重新附上reattain [sth] vtr (obtain or reach again)再次获得vtr；再次得到reattempt [sth] vtr (try again)重试vtrreauthorize [sth], also UK: reauthorise [sth] vtr (give new permission for [sth])重新批准reauthorize [sb] to do [sth], also UK: reauthorise [sb] to do [sth] v expr (give [sb] new permission)重新授权某人做某事reawaken [sth] vtr figurative (emotion: rouse again)再次唤起（情感）My trip to Tuscany reawakened my love of Italian food.reawaken [sth] in [sb] vtr + prep figurative (emotion: rouse again)再次唤起某人心中的某种情感This hiking trip reawakened the adventurer in me.rebate [sth] vtr (discount money from purchase) (部分付款)退还The saleswoman rebated 20% of the price.rebind [sth] vtr (fasten together again)重新捆紧；重新装订reboil [sth] vtr (boil again)再次煮vtr；第二次煮reboot [sth] vtr (restart: a computer) (计算机)重启I rebooted my computer to see if that would fix the problem.rebrand, rebrand [sth], rebrand [sth] as [sth] vtr (market under a new image)重塑品牌；重塑形象The auto company rebranded their luxury car into an economical one.rebroadcast [sth] vtr (TV, radio: play again) (电视广播等)重播rebuff [sb/sth] vtr (snub, reject)断然回绝；冷落When I asked my boss for a raise, he quickly rebuffed me.rebuild [sth] vtr (physically: reconstruct)重建，再造，重新建造；改建，改造The church was rebuilt near the grounds of the old one.rebuild [sth] vtr figurative (confidence, etc.: restore) (比喻自信等)重建，重新树立She's trying to rebuild her confidence after the divorce.rebuild [sth] vtr figurative (restructure)再造，改造，让...改头换面We're effectively going to have to rebuild the entire company.rebuke [sb] for doing [sth] v expr (criticize, scold for)指责某人做某事；训斥某人做某事The old lady rebuked the young man for pushing into the queue.老妇人指责那个年轻人插队。rebut [sth] vtr (refute, disprove)驳斥；反驳The president rebutted his opponent's claim.总统驳斥了对手的说法。recalculate [sth] vtr (count or work out anew)重新计数；重新计算recall [sth/sb] vtr (remember)回忆起；想起；记起Patrick recalled the long, hot summers of his youth.帕特里克回忆起了年轻时的那个漫长而燥热的夏季。recall [sth] vtr (defective product) (残次产品)召回The company recalled the faulty kettles.公司召回了一批有质量问题的水壶。recant [sth] vtr (take back, withdraw)撤回；放弃After ten years, the leading witness recanted her testimony.recapitalize [sth], also UK: recapitalise [sth] vtr (change capital structure)对…进行资产重组recapitulate [sth] vtr (summarize [sth])概括；扼要说明After explaining his position at length, the senator recapitulated the main points.recapture [sth/sb] vtr (catch again)重新捕获；夺回；收复The fisherman dropped the slippery fish, but then recaptured it.recapture [sth] vtr figurative (feeling: experience again) (体验、感受)再次经历Everyone wants to recapture the happy moments of their youth.recast [sth] vtr (mold again)重铸；重塑Elsa wants to recast her prototype before showing it to her professor.recast [sb/sth] vtr (actor, role: cast again)更换角色；改派...角色When the star actor died, the director had to recast the part.recast [sth] vtr (reallocate roles in: a movie)重新安排When the budget was cut, the director had to recast the movie with cheaper actors.recast [sth] as [sth] vtr (represent in a new way)改写The author wished to recast the novel as a movie.recast [sth] vtr (metal: cast again) (金属)重铸The goldsmith recast the ring.recast [sth] vtr (fishing: cast [sth] again) (钓鱼)再抛, 再投The angler rescast his fishing rod.receive [sth] vtr (get, take)接到；收到；拿到Yes, I received the package yesterday.没错，我是昨天接到的包裹。receive [sth] vtr (be given: a gift) (礼物等)收到, 得到The girl received a doll for her birthday.这女孩儿收到一个洋娃娃作生日礼物。receive [sth] vtr (be granted) (待遇等)被授予, 受到He received a promotion at work.他升职了。receive [sth] vtr (get: radio or TV signal) (电视、收音机等)接收, 收到Can you receive the TV signal from New York at your house?你们家电视能收到纽约的信号吗？receive [sth] vtr (be paid: money) (报酬、薪水等)得到He receives a good salary for his hard work.receive [sth] vtr (be sentenced to: punishment)受到…惩罚The criminal received a life sentence.；receive [sth] vtr (title) (头衔等)受到；得到；荣膺He was honoured to receive the title of "Knight" from the queen.receive [sth] vtr (bear weight of: [sth])支撑；承受；顶住The pillars receive all the weight, not the walls.receive [sth] vtr (be informed of: [sth]) (消息)收到；得到She received the news of her son's death on Tuesday.receive [sth] vtr (handle: stolen goods) (赃物)处置；接受Receiving stolen goods is a crime.receive [sth] vtr (accept: members) (新成员)招收；吸收；接纳We only receive new members in the spring.receive [sth] vtr (greet)接待；招待Would you stand by the door to receive the guests?receive [sth] vtr (experience)经受I received such a shock when I saw him again!recess [sth] vtr usually passive (lights)把…嵌入墙壁Amanda recessed the lights in her living room.recharge [sth] vtr (reload: a gun)再装弹药于The officer recharged his gun and shot again.recharge [sth] vtr (appliance: power up again) (电器)给…再充电I need to recharge my phone because the battery died.recharter [sth] vtr (renew contract for)重新租赁；重新订立…租赁协议recheck [sth] vtr (examine or verify again)重新核实；重新查对reciprocate [sth] vtr (give in response)回报；报答；答谢Mary reciprocated her boyfriend's insults by slapping him in the face.recirculate [sth] vtr (distribute again)重新分发；使重新流通recite [sth] vtr (poem: read aloud)大声诵读；朗诵；背诵I still remember the poems I recited as a child.recite [sth] vtr (list: read out)讲述；叙述The children were taught to recite the Bill of Rights in history class.reckon [sth] vtr (estimate)估计Linda reckoned the stranger's age to be about fifty.琳达估计那个陌生人差不多五十岁。reckon [sth] vtr (calculate, count)计算；数Ian reckoned ten boats in the harbour.reclaim [sth] vtr (take back)重申对…的权利；夺回，取回The rightful heir has now reclaimed the throne.reclaim [sth] from [sb/sth] vtr + prep (take back)从…回收I reclaimed my seat from Frank the second he got up to use the bathroom.reclaim [sth] vtr (retrieve, salvage: [sth])回收；回收利用Aluminium can be reclaimed from a host of disposable products.reclaim [sth] vtr (land: prepare for reuse) (土地)修复，恢复；填土，造地The landfill has been reclaimed for commercial development.Works are underway to reclaim land from the sea.这片垃圾填埋地已回收用于商业开发。// 填海造地的工程正在进行中。reclaim [sth] vtr (appropriate positively)再利用The LGBTQ community has reclaimed the word "queer."reclassify [sth] vtr (categorize [sth] in a new way)重新分类；重新归类reclassify [sth] vtr (categorize again)再分类；再归类recline, recline [sth] vtr (seat: tilt back)使…向后倾斜You can recline your seat if you want to sleep.recognize [sb/sth], also UK: recognise [sb/sth] vtr (identify)认出；识别出The witness recognized the suspect.目击者认出了嫌疑人。recognize [sth], also UK: recognise [sth] vtr (admit, concede [sth])承认；认识到；意识到The singer recognized that his rival was indeed talented.这名歌手承认他的对手确实很有才华。recognize [sth], also UK: recognise [sth] vtr (reward [sth])表彰；对…进行表彰The boss recognized his team's performance.老板对他团队的表现进行了表彰。recognize [sb/sth], also UK: recognise [sb/sth] vtr (admit status) (身份、地位等)承认He was recognized as leader.他被承认为领袖。recognize [sb/sth], also UK: recognise [sb/sth] vtr (admit validity)承认；认可Most countries recognize the Geneva Conventions.绝大多数国家都认可日内瓦国际公约。recognize [sth], also UK: recognise [sth] vtr (admit independence) (主权等)承认，认可The government officially recognized the new country.该政府官方承认了这个新的国家。recoil from [sb/sth] vi + prep (flinch away in fright)畏缩；畏惧Julie recoiled from the barking dog.面对吠叫不止的狗，朱莉吓得直后退。recoil at [sth] vi + prep figurative (react to with revulsion)厌恶；讨厌The opposition recoiled at the Prime Minister's words.反对者非常厌恶那位总理的说辞。recollect [sth] vtr (recall, remember)回忆；追忆；想起来Can you recollect the combination to the lock?你还能不能想起来这个锁的密码了？recolonize [sth], UK: recolonise [sth] vtr (settlement: repopulate)在…重新开拓殖民地；对…进行再殖民recolor [sth] (US), recolour [sth] (UK) vtr (change color of)重新上色；重新染色recombine [sth] with [sth] vtr (mix or bring together again)将...与...重新结合；使...与...重新组合recommence [sth] vtr formal (start again)重新开始（某事)recommence doing [sth] v expr formal (start doing again)重新开始做（某事）recommend [sth], recommend that vtr (advise)推荐；介绍His lawyers recommended that he settle quickly.他的律师劝他尽快解决这个案子。recommend doing [sth] v expr (suggest, advise)推荐；建议I recommend calling a plumber rather than trying to fix it yourself.我建议你还是不要自己修了，打电话叫修理工吧。recommend [sth], recommend [sth] to [sb] vtr (endorse)推荐；向某人称赞某事Several friends have recommended this restaurant to me.几个朋友都向我推荐这家餐厅。recommission [sb] to do [sth] v expr (employ again to do [sth])重新雇用...做recommission [sth] vtr (order again)重新订制recompense, recompense [sb], recompense [sb] for [sth] vtr (compensate)赔偿；补偿Mary had to recompense her father for the vase that she accidentally broke.recompense, recompense [sb], recompense [sb] for [sth] vtr (reward, repay)报答；答谢Lucas was recompensed for good behavior at school.recompose [sth] vtr (rearrange)重新安排；重新组织recompute [sth] vtr (calculate again)重新运算；重新计算recon [sth] (US), recce [sth] (UK) vtr informal, abbreviation (reconnoiter)勘查；探查The director hired a plane to fly over the region to recce the filming locations.reconcile [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (get [sb] to accept [sth])使接受；使适应Once Maria had reconciled her children to her new relationship, they all got on very well with her boyfriend.玛利亚设法使自己的孩子们接受她的新恋爱关系后，孩子们都与她男朋友处得很融洽。reconcile [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (put in agreement)使符合；使一致Martin finds it difficult to reconcile his love for fast cars with his concern for the environment.一面是对高速跑车的喜爱，一面是对自然环境的关心，马丁觉得很矛盾。reconcile yourself to [sth] v expr (accept [sth])接受；随遇而安；顺应，适应When Malcolm failed his test for the tenth time, he reconciled himself to the fact that driving was a skill he would never master.开车是马尔科姆永远无法掌握的技能，在驾考失败十次以后，他终于接受了这个现实。reconcile [sth] vtr (tally accounts) (账目)核对；对账The software allows you to reconcile your payments automatically.该软件可让你自动核对支出款项。reconcile [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (tally: accounts)把...与...核对Every month, Gavin reconciles his bank statement with his ledger.嘉文每个月都会将银行对账单与自己的分类账进行核对。be reconciled with [sth], be reconciled to [sth] v expr (accept: a situation)接受recondition [sth] vtr (repair or revamp)修理；翻新reconfigure [sth] vtr (arrange differently)改变...的外观I want to reconfigure the arrangement of furniture in this room.reconfigure [sth] vtr (computing: change setup) (电脑)重新设置；重新配置She reconfigured the computer program so it would be easier to use.reconfirm [sth] vtr (verify or clarify again)重新肯定；重新确认；再确认reconnect [sth] vtr (link up again)重新连接It should work much better once I'm finished reconnecting all of the wires.reconnect [sth] with [sth], reconnect [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (link again)再连接；重新接通I'm almost finished reconnecting the sound system to the TV.reconnoiter [sth] (US), reconnoitre [sth] (UK) vtr (military: observe)侦察, 勘察reconquer [sth] vtr (win back: territory)夺回；再度征服；光复reconsecrate [sth] vtr (declare holy again)再次将...奉为神圣reconsider [sth] vtr (consider again, rethink)重新考虑Please reconsider our offer of accommodation for the weekend.reconsign [sth] vtr (shipping: change destination)船运途中改变…的目的地reconstitute [sth] vtr (reorganize, restructure)重新构建；重新构成reconstitute [sth] vtr (food: rehydrate) (指食物)再水合, 再水化reconstruct [sth] vtr (build again)重建；再建The townspeople voted to reconstruct the bridge that was destroyed in the war.reconstruct [sth] vtr (re-enact)使再次展现；使重现The role-players reconstructed the famous battles of the civil war.recontaminate [sth] vtr (make polluted or impure again)再次污染；二次污染reconvene [sth] vtr (bring together again for meeting)重新召集Please reconvene the staff for another meeting.reconvert [sth] vtr (change back)复原；重新皈依recook [sth] vtr (food: heat again) (食物)再次烹饪, 再煮recopy [sth] vtr (copy out again)再抄写, 重抄；重新复制record [sth/sb] vtr (capture on tape, etc.) (磁带等)录制；录下The band recorded a new album.该乐队录制了一张新专辑。record [sth] vtr (take note of [sth])记下；记录I'll record that idea for future reference.record [sth] vtr (reveal about the past)提供关于...的证据；记录下；显示出These ruins record the life of the Vikings in England.record [sth] vtr (display) (指录影、录音带等)展示；现实The videotape recorded a disturbance.recount [sth] vtr (with object: tell, narrate)叙述；讲述Old Joe recounted some of his best war stories.乔爷爷讲述了一些自己最棒的战争故事。recount [sth], re-count [sth] vtr (count again)重新数；重新清点Ballots were recounted but the result was the same.recoup [sth] vtr (recover, regain)重获；获得The company recouped their losses by raising the price of their next product.recover [sth] vtr (regain)追回, 寻回, 找回；恢复The baroness never recovered her stolen diamond collection.男爵夫人收藏的钻石失窃后，一直未能找回。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 卧床休养一周后，他又慢慢恢复了力气。recover from [sth] vi + prep (regain health)…痊愈，从…中康复viIt takes time to recover from a serious illness.从重病中痊愈需要花费些时间。recover [sth] vtr (health, strength: regain) (健康)恢复She recovered her health after a week in hospital.住院一周后，她恢复了健康。recover [sth] vtr (waste: collect for upcycling) (废物)回收The company recovers waste and transforms it into useful materials.该公司回收废品，然后将其转换成有用的材料。recover [sth] vtr (make up for)弥补；补偿；追回He tried to recover lost time by spending all his time with his children.他用自己所有的时间陪孩子，希望能弥补过去流逝的时光。recreate [sth], re-create [sth] vtr (reproduce)再现Harry tried to recreate his best painting.哈利试图再现他的最佳画作。recreate [sth], re-create [sth] vtr (imitate)重建；再生It was hard to recreate the results in the research laboratory.要重建研究实验室的结果非常困难。recross [sth] vtr (traverse again)再次穿过；再次通过recrystallize [sth], also UK: recrystallise [sth] vtr (make [sth] crystallized again)使再结晶；使重新结晶rectify [sth] vtr (error: correct)矫正；改正；修正Please rectify the marked boxes and resubmit the form.rectify [sth] vtr (situation: put right)纠正；修复You should rectify your relationship with your mother before she dies.recuperate [sth] vtr (money: regain, get back) (损失)挽回, 弥补We expect to recuperate our investment in two years.；a recurrence of [sth] n (further instance of [sth])再次发生；再次出现We're expecting a recurrence of snowfall later today.recurve [sth] vtr (curve [sth] back)使...向后弯曲recycle [sth] vtr (reuse, repurpose)重新利用，回收利用Rosa always recycles her old clothes by making them into quilts.罗莎总是将旧衣服做成被子，以此来对其进行回收利用。recycle [sth] vtr (send [sth] for reuse)循环利用；回收利用Jim always recycles his wine bottles; he takes them to the bottle bank every week.吉姆总是循环利用红酒瓶，每个星期都把空瓶送去回收处。recycle [sth] vtr figurative (use again, repeat)重复使用；重新使用This author used to be good, but now she just recycles the same material in all her books.这位作家从前还是不错的，但现在，她所有的书里都在重复使用相同的素材。red line [sth] vtr (draw line through to cancel) (用红线)划去；取消red line [sth] vtr (establish safe maximum speed)为...设置限速red line [sth/sb] vtr figurative (mark [sb/sth] for cancellation) (用红线)划去red line [sth] vtr (cause plane to be grounded)让...安全降落redact [sth] vtr (edit)编辑；修订I redacted my novel from 1000 pages to 800.redact [sth] vtr US (obscure, delete: secret information) (为隐藏机密)删除, 涂覆The CIA redacted more than half of the report before releasing it to the public.redd [sth] up vtr dialect (tidy)整理redecorate [sth] vtr (repaint, refurnish [sth])重新装饰We will redecorate our extra bedroom for the baby.rededicate [sth] vtr (dedicate again)再次献身给；再次奉献给redeem [sth] vtr (coupon: exchange) (优惠券、购物券等)用…兑换物品，兑换If you're going to the supermarket, you might as well redeem this voucher while you're there.你如果要去超市，可以在那里把这张购物券兑换了。redeem [sth] for [sth], redeem [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep (coupon: exchange for)用（赠券等）兑换Roberta redeemed a voucher for a bottle of wine at the supermarket.罗贝塔在超市用赠券兑换了一瓶红酒。redeem [sth] vtr (bonds: cash in) (债券)赎回Arthur needed some money, so he redeemed his bonds.亚瑟需要钱，所以赎回了债券。redeem [sth] vtr (recover pledged item) (抵押物等)赎回Bill had pawned his watch and didn't have enough money to redeem it.比尔把自己的手表当了，没有钱赎回。redeem [sth] vtr (debt: pay off)偿还；还清Tim and Abigail redeemed their mortgage last year.redeem [sth] vtr (obligation, promise: fulfil)实现；兑现Kirsty's father asked for his ashes to be scattered on his favourite beach and, after his death, she redeemed her promise to do so.redeem [sth] vtr (item: buy back)买回；把…买回来Joe needed money quickly and had to sell his bike, but then he saved up for six months and redeemed it.redeem [sth] vtr (recover, get back)重新获得；重新得到Everyone thought badly of Alan when he was caught stealing from his employer, but he mended his ways and eventually redeemed his reputation.redefine [sth] vtr (determine anew)重新确定Let's redefine profits for the fourth quarter.redefine [sth] vtr (give new meaning to: a word)重新定义Occasionally the dictionary redefines a word.redeliver [sth] vtr (deliver again)再次投递；再次交付redeploy [sth] vtr figurative (use for new purpose)重新部署；重新配置；调配redeposit [sth] vtr (deposit again)再次沉积redesign [sth] vtr (change design of)重新设计The company redesigned the children's toy because of a choking hazard.redetermine [sth] vtr (resolve again)再次解决redetermine [sth] vtr (ascertain again)再次确定；再次弄清redetermine [sth] vtr (decide or define again)再次明确；再次决定redevelop [sth] vtr (area: build anew)重建The city is redeveloping my neighborhood with parks and condos.redevelop [sth] vtr (devise new plan for) (计划等)重新制定The company redeveloped their sales strategy.redial [sth] vtr (phone number: dial again) (打电话)重新拨号, 重拨My call didn't go through, so I redialed the number and tried again.redirect [sth] vtr (send in new direction)使…改方向；改道The street was blocked, so the police officer redirected the car.redirect [sth] vtr figurative (emotion, effort: rechannel) (感情、努力等)使...改变方向This year I will redirect my fear and try something new.redirect [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep figurative (emotion, effort: rechannel into)使…改变方向After getting fired, Holly redirected her anger into purpose and started her own company.redirect [sth] vtr (mail: send to different address) (信件)改寄；转投We are moving house next month, so we've arranged for the Post Office to redirect our mail.redirect [sb/sth] vtr (computing: send to a new location) (计算机)重新导向rediscover, rediscover [sth] vtr (enjoy or experience anew)重新发现；再次发现After retiring, Bob rediscovered his love of hiking.redissolve in [sth] vi + prep (be dissolved again)再溶解于redissolve [sth] vtr (dissolve again)再次溶解redissolve [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep (dissolve again)把...再溶解于redistribute, redistribute [sth] vtr (share out in a different way)重新分配；重新分派The company redistributed the profits to include the new shareholders.redistrict [sth] vtr (area: rezone)重新划分区域；重新分区redivide [sth] vtr (separate again)使再次分开redo [sth] vtr (do again)重做；再做Bobby couldn't solve the math problem and decided to redo it.redolent of, redolent of [sth] adj + prep figurative (evoking: [sth])引起…的，唤起…的；使人联想到…的I didn't know where the man was from, but his accent was redolent of Scotland.redouble [sth] vtr figurative (increase greatly)大大增加；大幅增多redouble [sth] vtr (double)使…加倍；使…倍增redound to [sth/sb] vi + prep (have an impact on)影响；产生影响redraft [sth] vtr (text: draft again)重新起草；再次起草redraw [sth] vtr (define or outline again)重新描绘；重新勾勒redress [sth] vtr (correct, set right)纠正；矫正The company excelled at customer service because it always redressed customer complaints.reduce [sth] vtr (lessen, decrease)使变少；减少Now Trevor has lost his job, he needs to reduce his monthly outgoings.现在特莱福失去了自己的工作，需要减少每月的开销。reduce [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (lessen, decrease)将…减少到；使…变少到By extending the term of her mortgage, Jane reduced her monthly payments to £400.简延长了自己的贷款还款期限，将每月分期付款减少到400英镑。reduce [sth] vtr (rate, etc.: lower) (利率、税率、通货膨胀率等)降低…率The bank has lowered the interest rate on our mortgage.银行降低了房贷的利率。reduce [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (rate, etc.: lower) (汇率等)降低到The Bank of England has reduced interest rates to 0.5%.英格兰银行已经将利率降到0.5％。reduce [sth] vtr (lower the quantity of)减少；消减；裁减The factory had to reduce its staff due to a lack of demand for its product.因为产品的需求不足，工厂只能裁减员工。reduce [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (lower the quantity to)将…削减到；将…缩减至Ian is giving up smoking and has reduced the number of cigarettes he smokes each day to three.伊安正在戒烟，将每天抽的烟削减到三根。reduce [sth] vtr (copy: make smaller)缩小I need to reduce this A3 poster so that it will fit onto a sheet of A4.我需要将这张A3的海报缩小一些，以便将其放进A4纸上。reduce [sth] vtr (cookery: boil down) (汤等)使...浓缩Reduce the wine by boiling it in a saucepan.reduce [sb] to doing [sth] v expr often passive (worsen status of)使沦落A once-wealthy woman, she has been reduced to begging in the street.reduce [sth] vtr (mathematics: simplify) (数学)约分, 约化The fraction 5/10 can be reduced to 1/2.reduce [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (simplify, condense)将…概括成；将…简化为The conflict cannot be reduced to a simple view of good versus evil.reduce [sb] to doing [sth] v expr usually passive (make resort to)使…不得不；使…被迫做We were so poor back then that we were reduced to living on peanut butter and crackers.reduce [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (break down into: pieces)使…碎成；使…破碎成The building was reduced to pieces by the force of the explosion.reduce [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (idea, text: condense) (文章等)将…压缩成，使…精简为That whole speech could be reduced to "Be nice."reduce [sth/sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (worsen condition of)使…沦落到；让…沦落为They have reduced education to rote learning and memorization.She was reduced to poverty.reduce [sth] vtr (broken bone: set)复位Surgery was needed to reduce the fractured bone.reduplicate [sth] vtr (replicate)重复；复制reduplicate [sth] vtr (repeat: syllable, sound) (语言学)重复音节, 反复音节redye [sth] vtr (tint or colour again)复染；给…再次染色reecho [sth/sb], re-echo [sth/sb] vtr (repeat again)重复...reef [sth] vtr (sailing: roll or fold) (航海)收（帆）The sailor reefed the sails.水手把船帆收了起来。reek of [sth] vi + prep (smell of [sth] bad)散发臭气My neighbor's house reeks of cats.reembody [sth] vtr (personify again)再次使形体化；再次使具体化reemphasize [sth], also UK: reemphasise [sth] vtr (stress, accentuate [sth] anew)再次强调；再次突出reemploy [sth] vtr (use again)再次使用；再次应用；重新利用reenact [sth], re-enact [sth] vtr (act out again, recreate)再现；重现Every year this town reenacts a battle that took place there during the civil war.reenact [sth], re-enact [sth] vtr (law: renew) (法律)重新制定One politician has suggested that congress reenact the old law.reenergize [sth], re-energize [sth], also UK: re-energise [sth] vtr (supply with electricity again)给…再通电，给…重新通电reenergize [sth/sb], re-energize [sth/sb], also UK: re-energise [sth/sb] vtr (invigorate again) (人)使…恢复精力，使…精神振奋； (事物)振兴，重新激发reengage [sth/sb] (US), re-engage [sb/sth] (UK) vtr (engage anew)再次从事某事；再次让某人加入reengage [sth] (US), re-engage [sb] (UK) vtr (gear: lock into position again) (齿轮)重新啮合reenter [sth], re-enter [sth] vtr (come back into)重新进入；重返；再返reequip [sb/sth], re-equip vtr (supply again)再次装备；重新装备reequip [sb/sth] with [sth], re-equip vtr + prep (supply with [sth] again)给...重新配备reestablish, reestablish [sth], re-establish vtr (found or create anew)重建；复兴The two companies reestablished the contract after the merger.reevaluate [sth/sb], also UK: re-evaluate [sth/sb] vtr (assess again)重新考虑；再度评估We will reevaluate your knowledge of the subject in six months, to see if you are making enough progress.reeve [sth] vtr (nautical rope) (船的绳索)把…拴在reexamine [sth/sb], also UK: re-examine [sth/sb] vtr (study or inspect again)对…进行复试；对…进行进一步考查；再次检查，再次核查reexplain [sth], re-explain [sth] vtr (explain again)再次解释reexplain [sth] to [sb], re-explain [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (explain again)向...再次解释...reexport [sth] (mainly US), re-export [sth] (mainly UK) vtr mainly US (export again) (贸易)再次出口，再次输出；reface [sth] vtr (resurface: a building) (指建筑物表面)重新修葺；重新修缮refashion [sth] vtr (style in a new way)翻新refasten [sth] vtr (secure again)再次固定；再次系紧refer to [sth/sb] vi + prep (mention, allude to)提到；说到Twain was referring to Shakespeare.马克·吐温提到的是莎士比亚的作品。refer to [sth/sb] vi + prep (be about, concern)与...有关；关于；关系到；涉及What does this call refer to?这个电话说的是什么事情？refer to [sth] vi + prep (consult)参阅；参看He referred to his notes.他参阅了一下自己的笔记。refer to [sb] as [sth] v expr (call: [sb] [sth])把某人称作People refer to Emily as "The Queen" because she always gets her way.因为艾米丽总是随心所欲，所以人们称她为“女王大人”。refer [sth] to [sb] vtr ([sth]: direct, send on)将某事委托给某人；将某事转交给某人I'll refer the matter to my lawyer.我会将这件事转交给我的律师去办。be referable to [sth] adj (that may be ascribed: to [sth])可归因于...的referee [sth] vtr (sports: act as arbiter for) (体育运动)为…担任裁判Dave is refereeing a rugby match this weekend.大卫这周末为一场橄榄球比赛担任裁判。reference [sth] vtr (list sources for)列出...的参考资料；在...末尾附上参考书目You must correctly reference all the books you have consulted in the bibliography.reference [sth/sb] vtr (refer to)引用；提及Please reference the sources.referential, referential to, referential to [sth] adj (linguistics: referring to real world)指示的；可参考的The words we use are not referential to anything outside language itself.refile [sth] vtr (legal: resubmit) (法律术语)重新提交, 重新呈递refile [sth] vtr (papers: put back in order) (指文件等)重新归档refile [sth] vtr (smooth again)再把…锉平，再把…锉光滑refill [sth] vtr (fill again)再装满；重新注满Noticing Jean's glass was empty, Mary picked up the bottle and refilled it.refill [sth] vtr US (medicine: dispense again)按…再配药Vincent called at the pharmacy to ask them to refill his prescription.refinance [sth] vtr (pay off via another loan)再筹款；再融资refine [sth] vtr (oil, flour, etc.)精炼，精加工This factory refines flour.这家工厂对面粉进行精加工。refine [sth] vtr (petroleum, chemicals)提炼；炼制This plant refines oil.这家工厂炼油。refine [sth] vtr (process: improve)完善，改进We're refining our recruitment process to make it run more smoothly.我们正在完善招募流程，使其运行更为顺畅。refine [sth] vtr (work, etc.: improve, polish)润色；使完美This essay isn't bad, but you need to refine it a little more.refine [sth] vtr (manners, taste: improve, polish)使（仪态等）优美；使高雅The school tries to refine its pupils' manners, as well as imparting knowledge.refinish [sth] vtr (apply a new surface to)重新修饰...的表面；给...表面抛光refit [sth] vtr (equip again)重修整；改装We refitted the Jeep with new tires before we left.reflate [sth] vtr (finance: restore prices) (金融)使通货再膨胀reflect [sth/sb] vtr (return an image)映出；照出；反射出The mirror reflected a face.镜子里照出一张脸。reflect [sth] vtr (return light, heat, etc.) (光、热等)反射A visor reflects the sun's heat.帽檐反射了阳光的热量。reflect [sth] vtr figurative (reveal)显示；表明；表达出His yawns reflect his boredom.他哈欠不断，表明他的倦闷。reflect on [sth], reflect upon [sth] vi + prep (think about, consider)考虑；深思熟虑Please reflect on your actions.请好好考虑一下你的行为。reflect on [sb/sth] vi + prep figurative (affect reputation)招来非议；给...丢脸Your performance reflects badly on you.你的表现为你招来非议。reflective of [sth/sb] adj + prep (exemplifying)…的反映；…的体现The president's statement is not reflective of public opinion.refloat [sth] vtr (set afloat again)重新浮起；重新让...漂浮refloat [sth] vtr (finance: issue stocks, bonds)使...重新上浮There are plans to refloat the company on the stock exchange.reflux [sth] vtr (chemistry: boil and condense)回流refocus on [sth] vi + prep (regain clear view of [sth])重新看清...Steve rubbed his eyes and tried to refocus on the words, but they still danced before his eyes.refocus on [sth] vi + prep (regain concentration on [sth])重新专注于...After her holiday, Maria found it hard to refocus on work.refold [sth] vtr (fold again) (动作)再次折叠, 对折reforest [sth] vtr (plant with new trees)重新造林；退耕还林reforge [sth] vtr (shape anew)重新铸造；重新锻造reform [sth] vtr (improve, modify: system, law)改革；改良；改善The entire justice system needs to be reformed, in my opinion.我认为整个司法系统都需要改革。reformat [sth] vtr (computer disk: initialize again) (计算机磁盘)重新格式化Before you can save files, you must reformat the hard drive.reformat [sth] vtr (computer file: change format) (计算机文件)转换…的格式To upload the image, you must reformat it as a .jpg file.reformulate [sth] vtr (idea, plan: develop in a new way)重新构想；重新制订reformulate [sth] vtr (develop new formula for [sth])用新公式表达refortify [sth] vtr (thing: make stronger again)加固；加强；强化refract [sth] vtr (deflect: light rays) (指光线)使折射refrain from [sth] vi + prep (avoid, abstain from)克制，控制；避免Kindly refrain from such behaviour in the future.以后敬请避免此类行为。refrain from doing [sth] v expr (avoid doing)不要；忍住不做Please refrain from talking in the library.请不要在图书馆里说话。refreeze [sth] vtr (freeze again)使再结冰；再次冷冻refresh [sth] vtr (replenish or replace)重新装满；换You should refresh the water in the vase every few days.refresh [sth] vtr (reload: an internet page) (计算机)刷新； (电脑（计算机），香港，台湾)重新整理Refresh the page to see the results.refrigerate, refrigerate [sth] vtr (keep chilled)冷冻；冷藏You must refrigerate fruits and vegetables after you cut them.refuel [sth] vtr (refill with petrol)给…补给燃料；给…加油I need to refuel the tank in sixty miles.refund [sth] vtr (return money)退还(钱款)If you do not refund my money, I'll make a formal complaint.如果你不退还我的钱，我就要正式投诉你。refund [sb] [sth] vtr (return a sum to)给某人退（钱）The shop refunded the unhappy customer his fifty pounds.这家店给生气的顾客退款了50英镑。refurbish [sth] vtr (change interior)重新装修When Ben and Daisy bought their house, the decor hadn't been changed since the 1960s, so they refurbished it completely.本和黛西买下房子时，房子内的装修从上世纪60年代以来就没有换过，所以他们全部进行了重新装修。refurbish [sth] vtr (equipment) (设备)翻新Karen owns a company that refurbishes old computers so that they can be used again.凯伦有一家公司从事旧电脑翻新业务，这样这些旧电脑就能再度投入使用。refurnish [sth] vtr (equip with new furniture)重新装备；重新为…添置家具refuse [sth] vtr (offer: decline)拒绝；不愿接受Mrs. Bixby refused his offer to help her with her bags.他主动提出帮比克斯比夫人提包，但比克斯比夫人拒绝了他。refuse [sth] vtr ([sth] offered: not take)不接受；拒绝David refused a second piece of pizza, saying that he wasn't very hungry.戴维德没有要第二块披萨，说自己不是很饿。refuse to do [sth] v expr (say no)拒不；不愿；不肯The child refused to eat his spinach.这个孩子总是不愿意吃菠菜。refuse consent for [sth] v expr (not allow [sth])不同意...Ministers have refused consent for a wind farm located in central Sutherland.refuse to accept [sth] vtr (fact: deny)否认, 不承认Brian refused to accept the fact that he had made a mistake.refuse to accept [sth] v expr ([sth] offered: not take) (拒绝接受某事物)拒绝接受She refused to accept flowers from men she did not know.refuse to acknowledge [sth] v expr (disregard)不搭理；拒不承认The company refused to acknowledge the defect in the product.refuse to admit [sth] v expr (deny)拒绝承认The minister refused to admit his inappropriate behaviour.refuse to believe [sth] v expr (with object: be unwilling to accept)拒绝相信；拒绝接受She refused to believe his version of events.refuse to consider [sth] v expr (not accept)拒绝考虑I'm an optimist: I refuse to consider the possibility of failure.refute [sth] vtr (deny)否认；不承认The congressman refuted the charges of corruption.refute [sth] vtr (prove false)驳倒；驳斥The evidence refuted the prosecution's claims.regain [sth] vtr (get back)恢复After his affair, John had to work hard to regain his wife's trust.出轨事件后，约翰只能努力重新获取妻子的信任。regain [sth] vtr (reach again)回到The soldiers regained camp at nightfall.regard [sb] as [sth] vtr + prep (look upon)看待；视为He regarded him as a hero.他把他视为英雄。regard [sth] as [sth] vtr + prep (think of)看成；认为She regards it as an exception to the rule.她认为那是超出常规的。regard [sb/sth] vtr formal (watch, observe)观察；关注He regarded her movements with interest.他饶有兴味地观察着她的举动。regard [sth] vtr (concern)关于；涉及；与…有关This letter regards your recent behaviour.这封信涉及你最近的行为。regather [sth] vtr (gather again)再次收集；再次聚集regenerate, regenerate [sth] vtr (revitalize, revive)使…重获新生；使…再生；重新恢复The project aims to regenerate the once vibrant neighborhood.regiment [sb/sth] vtr (organize, put into order)严格管制；严密编制It's important to regiment your exercise routine for maximum effect.regionalize [sth], also UK: regionalise [sth] vtr (separate into regions)将...区域化；把...分成地区register [sth] vtr (record in a log)把…记录在案；把…登记在册The office registered all written complaints.办公室记录了所有书面投诉。register for [sth] vi + prep (enrol)注册Louisa registered for a pottery class at the community center.路易莎在社区中心注册了一门陶艺课。register [sth] vtr (measurement reading) (仪器读数等)显示The earthquake registered four on the Richter Scale.register [sth] vtr (printing: adjust) (印刷)对齐；套准If you don't register the plates, the colours will overlap.register [sth] vtr (show emotion) (情绪等)流露出；显出Charlie's face registered surprise.register [sth] vtr (image: transform data) (数据)发送；注册；记录The program registered the data in the image and now it shows a lot more detail.regrade [sth] vtr (academic work: mark again)重新打分regrade [sth] vtr (assign to new category)重新分类；重新归类regrade [sth] vtr (land, slope: change level) (坡等)将...重新筑平；重整地形regret [sth] vtr (be sorry for)为...感到遗憾；后悔As soon as I had said the words, I regretted my harsh tone.话一说出口我就后悔了，觉得自己的口气太重。regret doing [sth] vtr (wish you had not done)后悔做过；遗憾做过Cathy regretted hurting her friend's feelings.凯茜后悔伤害了她朋友的感情。regret [sth] vtr formal (grieve)痛惜；惋惜We all regret the death of our departed colleague.我们都为过世的同事感到痛惜。regrind [sth] vtr (crush or pulverise again)重新研磨；再粉碎regroup [sth] vtr (reform, restructure)重新组合；重新编组The general regrouped his men.regrow [sth], also UK: re-grow [sth] vtr (grow [sth] back)再生；重新长出This lizard can regrow its tail.regularize [sth], also UK: regularise [sth] vtr (make regular, even)使有规律The company regularized meetings to be held every Monday morning.regularize [sth], also UK: regularise [sth] vtr (make conform with rules)使合规则；使符合规范We need to regularize our tax schedule.；regulate [sth] vtr (restrict by law)用规章制度来限制；用法律法规来约束Water use is difficult to regulate at the national level.regulate [sth] vtr (control: rate, flow)控制；管理A series of valves regulates the flow of lubricant.regurgitate [sth] vtr (bring up: [sth] swallowed)使因反胃而吐出； (动物的特殊消化过程)反刍The mother bird regurgitates food to feed her young.regurgitate [sth] vtr figurative (repeat: [sb] else's words)照本宣科Randy has no original ideas; he just regurgitates everything he reads.rehab [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep informal, abbreviation (rehabilitate: from addiction, etc.)使某人戒除某种瘾The woman was admitted to a facility in an attempt to rehab her from her addiction to narcotics.rehabilitate [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep (help to recover)帮助康复；使恢复The clinic was designed to rehabilitate patients from cancer.rehang [sth] vtr (artwork: hang in new way)重新悬挂rehang [sth] vtr (hang again)再次吊起rehash [sth] vtr pejorative (rework or redo with few changes)略加变动地改写, 小改编The company rehashed the plan, but failed again.rehash [sth] vtr pejorative (discuss again)重复谈论；重复There's no point in rehashing everything that went wrong.rehear, rehear [sth] vtr (law: hold another hearing for) (法律术语)重新听证，重审rehear, rehear [sth] vtr (hear again)再次听到；重新听见rehearse [sth] vtr (practice performing)排练The actors rehearsed the play for several weeks before opening night.在首演之夜前，演员们花了好几个星期排练这出戏。rehearse [sth] vtr (prepare: a story) (借口等)暗自练习，预先排练Naomi rehearsed her excuse in her head all the way to school: "I did do my homework, but the dog ate it, Sir."上学路上，娜奥米一直在脑子中预先排练自己的借口：“老师，我真的做作业了，但作业被我的狗吃了。”reheat, reheat [sth] vtr (warm up: cooked food)二次加热；把…再次加热；重加热Tonya reheated last night's dinner for breakfast.reheel [sth] vtr (shoe: replace the heel)更换…的鞋跟rehydrate [sth] vtr (replenish moisture in [sth])使…再水化，使…再水合reify [sth] vtr (make [sth] abstract real) (抽象概念)具体化，物化reign over [sth/sb] vi + prep (be king or queen of)统治；在…为王Queen Elizabeth II currently reigns over Great Britain.大不列颠现在由伊丽莎白女皇二世统治。reign over [sth/sb] vi + prep figurative (dominate, prevail)主管；主宰Fear reigns over the city as fighting enters its second day.reignite [sth] vtr (set alight again)重新点燃, 再次点火I blew on the hot embers to reignite the bonfire.reignite [sth] vtr figurative (cause to begin again)重新激起, 再度开始The confrontations along the boarder reignited a decade old conflict.reimpose [sth] vtr (apply forcefully again)将…重新强加于；重新实施reimpose [sth] on [sb] vtr + prep (apply forcefully again)把...再强加于...reincorporate [sth] vtr (include or integrate again)再次并入；再次包含reinfect [sb/sth] vtr (contaminate again)再次感染；再次污染reinfect [sb/sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (contaminate again)使...再次感染reinfect [sb/sth] vtr figurative (corrupt again)使...再次败坏；使...再次污染reinfect [sb/sth] with [sth] vtr + prep figurative (corrupt again)重新腐蚀；再次腐化reinflate [sth], re-inflate [sth] vtr (fill with air again)再膨胀reinforce [sth], reenforce [sth], re-enforce [sth] vtr (material: make stronger)增强，加强，加固They reinforced the doors with steel.他们用钢加固了门。reinforce [sth], reenforce [sth], re-enforce [sth] vtr (military position: strengthen)增援New troops arrived to reinforce those already on the ground.新部队抵达，增援已在战场的部队。reinforce [sth] vtr figurative (idea: emphasize) (看法等)加深，强化The time I spent in that region reinforced my political opinions.在那一地区度过的时光令我的政治观点得到了强化。reinoculate [sb] against [sth] vtr (vaccinate again) (疫苗)为…再次接种；为…重新接种reinsert [sth] vtr (put in again)重新插入；再次插入reinspect [sth] vtr (examine again)再次检查；再次考察reinstall [sth] vtr (computing: install software again) (软件)重新安装；重装reinstate [sth] vtr (bring back, restore)使…恢复；使…复原My company reinstated the formal dress policy.reinstitute [sth] vtr (introduce [sth] again)重新建立，重新设立reinsure [sb/sth] vtr (provide insurance again)给…再保险，分保reintegrate [sth] vtr (assimilate again)使重新成为一体；重新融入reinterpret [sth] vtr (perform in a new way)重新演绎；重新诠释reinterpret [sth] vtr (understand or translate [sth] anew)重新理解；重新翻译reintroduce, reintroduce [sth] vtr (put in use again)再次启用；重新采用The car company reintroduced an old model.reinvent, reinvent [sth] vtr (devise anew)再次发明；重新发明The programmer reinvented an old software.reinvigorate [sb/sth] vtr (give new energy to)给…新的活力；使…再次振作The manager reinvigorated the sales staff by offering bonuses to the highest sellers.reissue [sth] vtr (print or distribute again)再版；重印；重新发行The publisher has decided to reissue the book with a new forward written by the author.reiterate, reiterate [sth], reiterate that vtr (state again)重申；重复讲；反复地讲I wish to reiterate my objection to this appointment.reject [sb/sth] vtr (refuse)拒绝；驳回The consulting firm rejected most applicants, accepting only the elite.咨询公司拒绝了大多数人的求职申请，只接受精英人士加盟。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 政府驳回了这一提案。reject [sth/sb] vtr (not consider acceptable)不考虑；拒绝考虑The union has rejected the government's offer of a 1% pay rise.政府向工会提议，将薪酬提高1%，但工会拒绝考虑。reject [sth] vtr (not believe)不相信After six hours of deliberation, the jury rejected his version of events and found him guilty.六个小时的审议后，陪审团决定不相信他对事件的供述，裁定他有罪。reject [sth] vtr (rebuff)断然拒绝；拒不接受She rejects the young man's advances.她拒绝了那位年轻人的追求。reject [sth] vtr (biology: fail to assimilate) (生物)排异，排斥The patient's body rejected the new heart.rejigger [sth] (US), rejig [sth] (UK) vtr informal (rearrange, readjust) (非正式用语)重新安排，重新布置，调整rejoice in [sth] vi + prep (feel joyful about)因…而高兴Market traders are rejoicing in their victory against the local council's proposed regulations.rejoice in doing [sth] v expr (take pleasure)以做某事为乐The girls rejoice in teasing their brother.rejoice in doing [sth] v expr formal (express joy)欢庆We rejoice in wishing you a happy anniversary.rejoin, rejoin [sth], rejoin [sb] vtr (join again)团聚After the war, the soldier rejoined his wife.rejudge [sth/sb] vtr (judge again)重新判断；重新判决rejuvenate [sth] vtr figurative (refresh, revive)恢复...的活力；使...重获生机The new manager rejuvenated the company.新的经理让公司重获生机。rekindle [sth] vtr (relight: a fire) (火)复燃，重新燃烧，重新点燃The campers rekindled the fire after a strong wind extinguished it.rekindle [sth] vtr figurative (romance, desire: revive) (比喻)重新燃起（爱火等）The two lovers rekindled their passion after being separated for several years.relabel [sth] vtr (attach a new identifying tag to)给…贴上新的标签；重新贴标签给；重新用标签标明relapse into [sth] vi + prep (return to bad habits) (恶习)重染，再次陷入After staying out of trouble for two years, Nick relapsed into crime.尼克在不招惹是非两年后，再次卷入犯罪活动。relapse into [sth] vi + prep (return to previous state)重新回到（以前的状态）；重新陷入Amber spoke briefly, then relapsed into silence.安柏简短发言后，又沉默下来。relatable to [sth] adj + prep (can be connected to)与...相关的The decrease in the number of hospitalisations is relatable to the increase in people being vaccinated.relate [sth] vtr (tell)讲述；描述The traveller related his story.那位旅人讲述了自己的故事。relating to [sth/sb] prep (concerned with, pertaining to)涉及到；关系到Biology is a science which focuses on everything relating to life and how it functions.relative to [sth] adj + prep (in proportion to)相对于…的；与…相比的His head seems too large relative to the rest of his body.与他身体的其他部分相比，他的头部显得太大了。relative to [sth/sb] adj + prep (relating to)与…有关的；涉及…的Your arguments make no sense relative to the subject we're discussing.你的论点与我们正在讨论的主题毫无关系。relativize [sth], also UK: relativise [sth] vtr (consider to be relative)使…相对化，把…视为相对物relaunch [sth] vtr (promote: rebranded product)重新推出The company relaunched its most beloved product.relaunch [sth] vtr (spacecraft: send into space again) (宇宙飞船等)重新发射The Russian government relaunched their space shuttle.relaunch [sth] n (rebranded product promotion) (某产品)重新上市；重新推出The relaunch of the store's womenswear line was a big success.relaunch [sth] n (further attempt to launch spaceship) (宇宙飞船等)重新发射；再次发射The relaunch of the space shuttle had to be postponed.relax [sth] vtr (body part: do not tense) (指身体)使放松, 使松弛下来, 使松懈下来Relax your shoulders.放松肩膀。relax [sth] vtr figurative (make less strict) (限制、规定等)放宽The state relaxed its laws.该州的法律放宽了。relax [sth] vtr (loosen)松开；放松The instructor told him to relax his grip on the golf club.relay [sth] vtr (pass on: information)转述, 转达If I give you a message for Julie, do you promise to relay it?我有话要给朱丽说，你能保证为我转达吗？relay [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (pass on information to)把…传递给；把…传达给The team leader relayed the boss's message to the staff.团队组长把领导的信息传递给了员工们。relay [sth] vtr (transmit again)转送；转播The satellite relays the signal to the antenna.卫星将信号转发到天线。relearn [sth] vtr (acquire again: [sth] forgotten)复习；温习relearn [sth] vtr (correct: [sth] learned)重新认识到；重新学习release [sth/sb] vtr (let go of, stop grasping)放手；松手；放开The father released his hold on his daughter when she saw grandma.女儿一见到祖母，她爸爸就松手把她放开了。release [sth] vtr (movie: make public) (电影)发行, 发布, 开始公映They released the movie with a party in Los Angeles.他们在洛杉矶发行这部电影，还搞了个晚会。release [sb] from [sth] vtr (free from: debt) (债务等)使...从...中解脱出来The final payment will release you from this debt.release [sb] from [sth] vtr (free from: obligation)免除某人的某种义务；使…不用尽...的义务His boss released him from the need to maintain the computers.release [sth] vtr (publish)发行；出版The publisher will release the book next week.release [sth] vtr (emit: vapour, flames)释放出；排放出；散发出Stay away from that container; it is releasing dangerous fumes.release [sth] vtr (put on sale)发售The company released the new product on Tuesday.release [sb] from [sth] vtr (free from legal responsibility)免除某人的...责任；使…不负…的责任This contract releases us from liability in case of injury.release [sth] vtr (ease off: brakes) (刹车)松开；放开Release the handbrake, and shift into first gear now.release [sth] vtr (ease off: clutch) (离合器)松开；放开When you release the clutch, the engine will engage.release [sth] vtr (publish: official statement) (正式声明等)发布；发表；公布The government released a statement denying the scandal.release [sth] vtr (let out: emotions) (情绪等)释放；宣泄You should have a good cry to release all those emotions.；relegate [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (consign to lower state or status)降低；贬低There are still some societies where women are firmly relegated to the home.relegate [sb/sth] vtr UK, often passive (sport: assign to lower league) (体育运动中)使…降级, 将…降级After the game, the referee decided to relegate the team.relegate [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep UK, often passive (sport: assign to lower league)降级The team was relegated to the second division.relevant to [sth] adj + prep (related to, pertinent to)与…相关That statement is not relevant to the issue.那个陈述与这个问题并不相关。reliance on [sth] n (dependence on [sth])依赖某事Our reliance on cheap oil may be a bad idea in the long run.从长远来看，我们对廉价油的依赖不是个好主意。reliant on [sth/sb] adj + prep (person: dependent on [sth], [sb])依靠She is severely disabled and is reliant on her mother for everything.reliant on [sth/sb] doing [sth] expr (situation: depending) (局势)依靠, 有赖于Our success is reliant on everyone doing their job.relic, a relic of [sth], a relic from [sth] n figurative, pejorative ([sth] outmoded)遗留；残余The obscure law is a relic from the days of prohibition.relieve [sth] vtr (ease) (病痛等)缓解The doctor gave the patient drugs to relieve the pain.那位医生给病人开了缓解疼痛的药物。relieve [sth] vtr (lessen worrying) (忧虑等)解除，缓解Patricia's reassurances relieved Marcus's concerns.帕特丽夏的宽慰让马库斯的忧虑解除不少。relieve [sth] vtr (pressure: lessen) (压力等)减轻，缓解Oliver loosened his grip and relieved the pressure on James's arm.奥利佛松开了自己的拳头，减轻了加在詹姆士胳膊上的压力。relieve [sb] of [sth] vtr + prep (unburden of a weight)卸去…的负担；帮忙拿Just then John appeared and relieved me of my heavy shopping bags.正在那时，约翰出现，帮忙拿走了我沉重的购物袋。relieve [sb] of [sth] vtr + prep figurative (take over responsibility)使卸下（责任）I've been relieved of most of my responsibilities at work.我工作上大部分的责任都已经被解除了。relieve [sb] of [sth] vtr + prep often passive (remove from position)使卸下（职务），使卸除（职务）The vice-president of the company was relieved of his position.公司副董事长被卸任了。relieve [sb] of [sth] vtr + prep (free from having to do)使免于做My brother's arrival relieved me of the task of caring for our parents alone.哥哥来了，我不必再独自一人照看父母了。relieve [sb] of [sth] vtr + prep informal (take, steal from)从…处偷走The pickpocket relieved Ned of his wallet.扒手偷走了内德的钱包。relieve congestion in [sth] v expr (improve traffic flow in)缓解…的交通拥堵现象The town planners are building a bypass to try to relieve congestion in the city.relieve congestion in [sth] v expr (lungs: clear) (肺)清除…的阻塞relight [sth] vtr (set on fire again)再次点燃reline [sth] vtr (put a new lining in)为…重新做衬里；给…新换衬里reline [sth] vtr (dentures: reshape)给...重新补底relinquish [sth] vtr (claim, right: renounce)放弃（权利等）Larry relinquished his claim on his parents' estate, realizing that his brother needed it more than him.拉里意识到自己的弟弟更需要房子，所以放弃了对父母房产的所有权。relinquish [sth] vtr (power, position: give up) (权力、地位等)交出，放弃Marion relinquished her position as finance director because she no longer enjoyed working in such a high-pressure job.马里恩放弃了财务主管的位置，因为她不再喜欢这种高压力的工作。relinquish [sth] vtr (task, struggle: abandon)放弃（活动等）Emily relinquished her campaign for better working conditions, realizing she was never going to win.艾米丽意识到，自己是赢不了的，所以放弃了争取更好工作待遇的活动。relinquishment, relinquishment of [sth] n (giving up, yielding [sth])放弃；屈从relish [sth] vtr (enjoy greatly)享受；从…获得乐趣Adrian relished getting his revenge on the guy who got him fired from his job.亚德里安向炒他鱿鱼的那个人报了仇，感觉非常爽快。relish for [sth] n (pleasurable anticipation)兴趣；乐趣；吸引力Tina wanted them to cycle from Land's End to John O'Groats, but Barry didn't have much relish for the idea.relish [sth] vtr (anticipate with pleasure)期待；盼望Charlotte relished the idea of seeing her rival defeated.relive [sth] vtr figurative (remember) (在想象中)再次体验；重新经历When Sandra daydreams, she relives her happiest moments.relive [sth] vtr (experience again)重新过…的生活；再次经历Bob went to Paris to relive his time as a college exchange student.reload [sth] vtr (recharge: a gun) (枪等)重装弹药, 再装填弹药The soldier ran out of bullets and then reloaded his gun.reload [sth] vtr (vehicle: load again) (车辆等)重新装载, 再装载After packing the car poorly, we emptied it, reorganized everything and then reloaded it.reload [sth] vtr (computing: refresh a page, data) (计算机)刷新David reloaded the news web page to see if there were any new articles to read.reluctant to do [sth] expr (unwilling to do)不愿意做某事，不愿做某事Paul was reluctant to take on new responsibilities at work, as he felt he already had too much to do.因为保罗觉得自己已经有太多事情要做，所以很不愿意承担工作中的新任务。remains of [sth] npl (fossils)化石These stones are marked with the remains of prehistoric fish.这些石头里有史前鱼类的化石。remains of [sth] npl (ruins)遗迹；遗址The remains of the ancient city were fascinating.那座古城的遗迹太美了。remains of [sth] npl figurative (what is left: of [sth])剩下的东西；剩余物The remains of an ancient civilization were discovered in southern France.在法国南部发现了古代文明的遗迹。remainder [sth] vtr often passive (book: sell at discount)打折处理（书籍等）The publisher was forced to remainder all but a few copies of the book.remake [sth] vtr (make again)再造；重做The bartender remade my drink because I didn't like it.remake [sth] vtr (film new version of: a movie) (影片等)重录，重拍The producer will remake a classic from the 1930s.remap [sth] vtr (map again)重新绘制地图；重新测图remap [sth] vtr (assign different purposes, relabel)重新对应，重新分配，重新定义remark on [sth], remark upon [sth] vi + prep (comment upon)就…发表评论Lisa's teacher remarked on her rapid progress in maths.丽莎的老师就丽莎在数学上的飞速进步发表了评论。remark [sth] vtr formal (notice)注意到；留心到The hole in the fence that Jim had remarked the previous day had grown larger.remaster [sth] vtr (make a digital recording of) (指唱片)重新灌录remeasure [sth] vtr (measure again)再次测量；重新测量remedy [sth] vtr figurative (correct)纠正，补救，弥补The company remedied its mistake by replacing the defective products.公司更换了缺陷产品，以此来弥补自己的错误。remedy [sth] vtr (cure)治疗This drug remedies constipation.remember [sth/sb] vtr (have [sth] in memory)记得；记住I remember the day you were born.我还记得你出生的那一天。remember [sth] vtr (recall [sth])回忆；记起Try to remember exactly what happened.仔细想想到底发生了什么。remember [sth] vtr (bear [sth] in mind)记住；铭记；牢记It is an important thing to remember.这件事很重要，一定要记住。remember to do [sth] v expr (not neglect to do [sth])记得；记着；不忘记Remember to buy some wine for this evening.记得买点葡萄酒今晚上喝。remember [sb/sth] vtr (commemorate)纪念On 11 November, the British remember those who died in the two World Wars.十一月十一日，是英国人民纪念在两次世界大战中死难者日子。remind [sb] of [sth], remind [sb] about [sth] vtr + prep (cause [sb] to remember)提醒；使想起；使记起The alarm reminded Tim of his appointment.I reminded my son about his mother's birthday.提姆听到闹钟，想起了还有约会。//我让儿子想起了他母亲的生日。remind [sb] of [sb/sth] vtr + prep (resemble [sb/sth]) (因为相像)使…想起，让…联想起You remind me so much of my youngest son.This landscape reminds me of the Swiss Alps.你使我想起了我的小儿子。//这景色让我想起了瑞士的阿尔卑斯山。reminder of [sth] n (unintentional) (无意的提醒)让人回忆起…的事物, 提醒人想起…的事物Finding the cinema ticket stubs from their first date at the back of a drawer was a reminder of happier times.在抽屉深处找到当年他们第一次约会时的电影票根让他们想起了曾有过的幸福时光。reminisce about [sth] vi + prep (recount memories)回忆过往；检视记忆It's fun to hear my aunt reminisce about her military service.reminiscent of [sth] adj + prep (bringing to mind)使回忆起的；让人联想到的This music is reminiscent of Mozart's early work.remit [sth] vtr (send: payment)汇寄；汇（款）Remit your payment within thirty days in the enclosed envelope.请用随附的信封在30天内将款项汇出。remit [sth] vtr (law: send back to lower court) (法律)把…发回下级法院复审remit [sth] vtr (cancel: debt, punishment) (债务、惩罚)免除，豁免remit [sth] vtr (forgive: a sin) (罪，罪行)宽恕，赦免remix [sth] vtr (sound recording: mix differently) (音乐)重新合成The music producer remixed the track for a different effect.remnant of [sth] n (piece left over)剩余物；残留物Why not use these remnants of wood for kindling?用这些废木料生火不好吗？remnant of [sth] n figurative (trace of [sth] past)…的残迹；…的印记The retired athlete looked at his jersey, a remnant of his former greatness.那位退役的运动员看着自己的球衣，那是他当年荣耀的印记。remodel [sth] vtr (style again)重新设计We will remodel our kitchen this year.remodel [sth] vtr (make or build again)重建；重新塑造After the flood, the bridge had to be remodeled.remold [sth] (US), remould [sth] (UK) vtr (shape again)重铸；重塑remonstrate about [sth], remonstrate against [sth] vi + prep (protest about)责备；告诫remortgage [sth] vtr (pay for via second mortgage)再次抵押remount [sth] vtr (get back onto: a horse) (骑马)再骑上；重新骑上；回到...上remove [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (take away)将…从…清除；将…从…拿走The cleaning firm removed all the rubbish from the house.保洁公司把房子里的垃圾全都清走了。remove [sth] vtr (clothing: take off) (衣物等)脱掉She removed her clothes before getting in the shower.她洗澡前脱掉衣服。remove [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (take out)从…拿出；拿走She removed the pan from the oven.她拿走灶上的锅。remove [sth] vtr (take out)拿出，取出；清除，去掉After the cleaners removed the wine stain, the couch looked brand new again.洗衣店去掉了酒渍之后，那个沙发看起来就跟崭新的一样。remove [sth] vtr (eliminate)消除；排除We need to remove this step in the process to make it easier.我们得删掉这一步，程序就简单点儿了。remove [sth] vtr (excise, edit out)删除；删去，删掉This is a magazine for the whole family, so our editors remove offensive language.这是一本老少咸宜的杂志，所以编辑删掉了冒犯性的语言。remove [sth] vtr (stain, make-up: clean off)清除掉；把…清洁干净Phoebe removes her makeup every night with natural oils.菲比每天晚上都用天然油卸妆。remove [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (stain, make-up: clean off)把…从…上清洁干净；洗去...上的某物You can use white wine to remove red wine stains from a carpet.你可以用白酒来去除地毯上的红酒污渍。remove [sth] vtr (transfer, move out)把…搬出去；把…清除出去Remove the old computers to the storage room.remove [sb] (from [sth]) vtr (dismiss: from job)开除；解雇He was caught stealing and was quickly removed from his job.remove [sb] from [sth] vtr (dismiss from public office)免去…的职务；免去…的公职The senator was removed from office after being convicted of taking bribes.remove [sb] from [sth] vtr (withdraw: from school)使…从…被开除；把…从…开除Abby was permanently removed from school after she hit a teacher.在艾比殴打了一位老师之后，她就被学校永远地开除了。rename [sth/sb] vtr (give a new name)重命名The city renamed the street after the mayor.rename [sth/sb] to [sth] vtr (change name to)重命名...为The city renamed the road to "Palm Boulevard."rend [sth] vtr formal (fabric: tear, rip)撕碎, 扯碎；撕破, 扯破She rent his clothes to shreds when she found out.rend [sth] vtr formal, figurative (hair, clothing: tear at) (衣物、头发等)撕扯, 拉扯The women wailed and rent their hair.render [sb] [sth] vtr (make, leave)使某人成为；使某人处于某种状态The shock rendered him speechless.震惊的情绪使他无言以对。render [sth] vtr (depict in art)描写，表现，表达；描绘The artist has rendered this horse with great skill.艺术家以娴熟的技巧描绘了这匹马。render [sth] into [sth] vtr (translate language) (语言)将...翻译为...Robert asked Oliver to help him render his speech into French.罗伯特请奥利弗将他的演讲稿翻译成法语。render [sth] vtr (melt down)熬化；从…中熬油This plant renders animal fat to make tallow.这个加工厂从动物脂肪中熬油。render [sth] vtr formal (provide)给予；提供Marilyn rendered an account of the events leading up to the robbery.玛丽莲提供了抢劫前发生事件的描述。render [sth] vtr (bricks: coat with [sth])在…上面抹灰；粉刷The builder rendered the house.这名建筑工人粉刷了房子。render [sth] for [sth] vtr formal (give in return)回报；回应The best way to deal with rude people is to render politeness for rudeness.renege on [sth] vi + prep formal (fail to keep promise)食言；违约；背信My dad reneged on his promise to take me camping this weekend.renegotiate [sth] vtr (discuss terms of [sth] again)重新讨论；重新谈判；再次协商renew [sth] vtr (subscription, lease, contract) (合同等)续签； (租约)续租； (刊物等)续订Helen renewed her car insurance.海伦续签了车险。renew [sth] vtr (refresh [sth])使得到补充；使恢复活力Betty renewed her makeup.贝蒂补了妆。renew [sth] vtr (re-establish)更新；革新The villagers renewed the custom of maypole dancing on May Day.renew [sth] vtr (replace [sth])置换；替换；更换Philip renewed his central heating boiler, as the old one wasn't working properly.renew [sth] vtr (reaffirm)重申；重新提出Nathan renewed his promise to take the children on holiday.renominate [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (propose for award again)重新提名renounce [sth] vtr (activity, belief: give up) (对活动、信仰等)声明放弃, 退出The president renounced his anti-abortion stance.renovate [sth] vtr (repair, restore)翻修；翻新；修复There are plans afoot to renovate the bishop's palace.rent [sth] vtr (real estate: pay for use) (房地产)租…I can't afford to rent even a one-room apartment in this town.在这个镇上，我甚至连一个单间的公寓都租不起。rent [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (lease real estate to) (房屋)把…出租给I'm renting that apartment to some students.我要把这间公寓出租给一些学生。rent [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep mainly US (hire out a vehicle to)把…出租给某人The car rental company rented the truck to me.那家汽车租赁公司将卡车出租给了我。rent [sth] vtr mainly US (hire: [sth] for use)租借；租用；租赁I rented a truck for the day.我租用了一天卡车。renumber [sth] vtr (assign new numbers to)重新为…编号；为…重新分配号码reoccupy [sth] vtr (occupy again)重新占领；重新拥有reopen [sth] vtr (shop: open again) (商店等)使…重开, 再开张The restaurant finally reopened its doors after the fire.reopen [sth] vtr figurative (debate: take up again) (争论、辩论等)重新开始, 继续进行I don't want to talk about this topic, yet you insist on reopening it.reopen [sth] vtr (case: bring back to court) (法律)使…重新开庭, 重新审理The defendant was presumed guilty for twenty years, but the government just decided to reopen the case.reorder [sth] vtr (arrange again, differently)重新安排；重新调整reorder [sth] vtr (request, demand again)再订购reorder [sth] n (repeat order)再订购；再定货物reorg [sth] vtr informal, abbreviation (reorganize) (reorganize的缩写形式，非正式用语)改组，整顿reorganize [sth/sb], also UK: reorganise [sth/sb] vtr (arrange differently)重新组织；重新安排I reorganized the refrigerator so that the more perishable items were in front.reorganize [sth], also UK: reorganise [sth] vtr (restructure)重组；改组；改组The company will reorganize the staff this quarter.reorient [sth], also UK: reorientate [sth] vtr (change [sth]'s focus)重定...的重点repack [sth] vtr (bag, suitcase: fill again)重新打包repack [sth] vtr (goods: package again) (货物)重新包装, 将…打包repackage [sth] vtr (place in new packaging)重新包装repackage [sth] vtr figurative (portray in a new light)重新包装repaint [sth] vtr (apply fresh coat of paint to)重新粉刷；重新给…涂漆repaint [sth] vtr (decorate differently)重画；重刷；重新装潢repair [sth] vtr (fix, mend)修补；修理The chair was broken, but Ian managed to repair it using some wood glue.易安用木材胶水将破椅子修好了。repair [sth] vtr figurative (restore or remedy)修复；补救；弥补The two friends had fallen out, but Melanie managed to repair their relationship, by getting them to talk to each other.repair to [sth] vi + prep literary (go to)去；赴Vincent repaired to his study after dinner to do some more work.repair [sth] vtr (make amends for [sth])补偿；补救；修正Gareth didn't know how to repair the wrong he had done his children by leaving them.repaper [sth] vtr (apply new wallpaper to) (墙纸)重新裱贴；重贴repass [sb/sth] vtr (go past again)再经过repass [sth] vtr mainly US (pass a law a second time) (法律)重新通过repave [sth] vtr (cover with new paving)重铺；重新铺砌repay [sth] vtr (pay back: money) (金钱)偿付, 偿还；还钱给I can't repay the loan until next month.repay [sth] vtr figurative (return: a favour)回报, 报答I hope I'll have an opportunity to repay the favour.repeal [sth] vtr (law: revoke, withdraw) (法律)撤销，废除A lot of our medieval laws should really be repealed.中世纪的很多法律确实应该被废除了。repeat [sth] vtr (say again)重说；重申Alison asked the teacher to repeat the instructions, as she hadn't understood.艾莉森没能明白老师的说明，所以请老师再说一次。repeat [sth] vtr (reproduce words)复述；重复说The teacher asked the class to repeat the sentence exactly as she had said it.老师让班上学生复述她刚才说的句子，一个字也不能差。repeat [sth] vtr (tell others)把…告诉别人；把…说出去Please don't repeat what I'm about to tell you; it's a secret.不要把我下面要说的事告诉别人，这是个秘密。repeat [sth] vtr (do again)重做William repeated the dance steps again and again, until he knew them perfectly.威廉反复练习舞步，直至烂熟于心。repeat [sth] vtr (TV programme: show again) (电视节目等)重播，重放They're repeating that documentary about blues music tonight.repeat [sth] vtr (course, grade: take again) (课程、学年)重修If you get a failing grade, you will have to repeat the class.repel [sth] vtr (insects, etc: keep away)驱除；赶走What natural substances repel insects?repel [sth] vtr (physics: oppose) (物理)排斥, 相斥Which poles of a magnet repel each other?repent [sth] vtr formal (regret)对…感到后悔David repented his angry words, but it was too late.repeople [sth] vtr (populate again)使重新居住于...repertoire of [sth] n (range of skills)全部技能The customer service representative had a repertoire of techniques for dealing with difficult customers.repertory of [sth] n (collection, selection)...的储存rephotograph [sth/sb] vtr (photograph again)重照；重拍rephrase [sth] vtr (express in different words)重新组织语言表述；改述The speech writer rephrased the statement to give it less formality.repine for [sth] vi + prep literary (yearn)渴望；向往replace [sth] vtr (put back)放回Please replace the lid after use.使用后请把盖子盖回去。replace [sth], replace [sth] with [sth] vtr (substitute)更换；替换；换新I finally replaced my old typewriter with a computer.我终于更换了自己的老打字机，买了一台电脑。replace [sb], replace [sb] as [sth] vtr ([sb]: in job, position) (工作中)取代；替换；代替Joyce has replaced Carl as finance director.乔伊斯取代卡尔成为了财务总监。replant [sth] vtr (plant again)移植；再种植；改种replay [sth] vtr (sports move: show again) (体育节目)重放，重播The TV channel replayed the winning goal.replay [sth] vtr (sports match: play again)重赛The match had to be abandoned halfway through, because of bad weather; the teams will replay it next weekend.replay [sth] vtr (music: play again) (音乐)重放, 重播The pianist replayed the piece.replay [sth] vtr (remember, go over)重复回忆；反复回想Mark kept replaying the accident in his mind, wondering if there was anything he could have done differently.replenish [sth] vtr (refill)补充；再装满Ellen replenished her supply of biscuits.replenish [sth] vtr (fire: add fuel) (燃料)给…添加Jeremy replenished the fire.replete with [sth] adj + prep (full of)充满的；详尽的The politician gave a speech replete with sentimentality.replicate [sth] vtr (action: repeat, do again) (行动)重复, 重做, 重来Other labs were unable to replicate the experiment's results.replicate [sth] vtr (object: duplicate, copy) (物品)复制Companies in China can quickly replicate this kind of product.reply to [sb/sth] vi + prep (answer, respond to)回答；回复He did not reply to my letter.他没有回复我的信。repoint [sth] vtr (masonry: repair joints)重新勾嵌...repopulate [sth] vtr (refill with people)将人口重新迁居于；向…再移民repopulate [sth] vtr (refill with animals)恢复...的种群report [sth] vtr (make public) (新闻)报导，报道The journalist reported each new development in the talks.记者报道了会谈中所有的新进展。report on [sth/sb] vi + prep (give critical account of)就…进行报道We will report on this in more detail in our next issue.我们将会在下一期中就此进行更详细的报道。report [sth] vtr (crime: denounce to police)揭发；告发The insurance company asked Helen if she had reported the theft of her car.保险公司问海伦有没有就汽车失窃的事报警。report [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (crime: denounce) (罪行等)告发, 指控, 举报, 揭发She reported the crime to the police.她向警方告发了这一罪行。report [sth] vtr (give official notification)报告You must report any accidents in the workplace.你必须报告工作现场发生的所有事故。report for [sth] vi + prep (show up) (工作)报到You must report for work on time.你上班必须准时报到才行。report [sth] vtr (communicate)汇报；传达；报告She reported everything that they had decided, so he was in the picture.repossess [sth] vtr (claim back: due to debt) (尤指未按规定分期付款时)收回, 取回Erin couldn't pay her mortgage, so the bank repossessed her house.repot [sth] vtr (plant: transfer to new container) (植物)移栽…reprehend [sth/sb] vtr formal (criticize, condemn)指责；责难；批评represent [sth] vtr (depict, reproduce)描绘, 展现, 表现The abstract painting represents the artist's concept of motherhood.这幅抽象画作表现的是画家对母性的理解。represent [sth] vtr (symbolize, embody)象征；代表The colour red represents blood.红色象征着鲜血。represent [sth] vtr (correspond to)表示；等于；相当于A zero represents "no" and a one represents "yes".represent [sth] vtr (act as a sample of)作为…的代表；作为…的样本The butterfly represents a class of insects.represent [sth] vtr (deputize, stand in for)作为…的代表；作为…的代言人；作为…的代理人Sarah is here to represent her boss.representative of [sth/sb] adj + prep (that represents [sth], [sb])表现…的The artist tried to create a picture that was representative of the image in her head.艺术家想创作一幅能表现她心中所见的图画。representative of [sth/sb] adj + prep (typical of [sth], [sb])有代表性的；典型的This is a representative example of what life is like for people living in these conditions.在这种条件下的人的生活是什么样的，这就是个有代表性的例子。repress [sth] vtr (emotion: hold back, suppress) (感情等)压抑, 克制We couldn't repress our laughter when he walked in.repress [sth] vtr (memory: deny, block out) (记忆等)压抑住, 压入潜意识I think I've repressed a lot of painful memories of my childhood.reprice [sth] vtr (set a new price for)重新给…定价reprimand [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep formal (rebuke, tell off)因某事训斥某人The teacher reprimanded the children for breaking the rules.reprint [sth] vtr (print again, reissue)再次印刷；重新出版The magazine reprinted a popular photo from the 1960s.reprise [sth] vtr (music, role: repeat) (音乐)反复, 重复They reprise the love theme when the hero dies.reprise [sth] vtr (resume, reassume)重演, 重复The curtain went up and the actors reprised the show.；reproach [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (resent for [sth])呵斥；斥责George reproached the mayor for her anti-business policies.reproach [sb] for doing [sth] v expr (resent for doing [sth])责备某人做某事She reproached me for not calling often enough.reproach yourself with [sth] v expr rare (blame yourself for)为某事责备自己；为某事自责That's nothing to reproach yourself with.reprobate [sth/sb] vtr formal (disapprove, censure)反对...；谴责...reprocess [sth] vtr (repurpose, prepare for new use)再加工；对…进行再处理reproduce [sth] vtr (create again)再生产；再制作Do you think the band can reproduce that sound on their new album?reproduce [sth] vtr (make copies of)复制；翻印I need you to reproduce sixty copies of this document.reprogram [sth] vtr (type new code into: computer, etc.) (电脑程序等)重编, 改编…的程序reprogram [sth] vtr figurative (retrain: behaviour, etc.)重新教育；纠正；改变republish [sth] vtr (book, etc.: publish again)再次出版；重新发行repudiate [sth] vtr formal (reject, refuse)拒绝；拒绝接受；否认The governor repudiated the accusations of corruption.repugnant to [sth] adj + prep (contradictory)不一致的；矛盾的The thought of killing was repugnant to the new soldier's morals.repulse [sth/sb] vtr (repel, force away)击退；击败；使败退The army repulsed the approaching assault on the village.repurchase [sth] vtr (buy again)再买；重新购买Patrick loves his jeans and always repurchases the same style.repurchase [sth] vtr (buy back)买回；回购Javier repurchased his car after regretting his decision to sell it.repurpose [sth] vtr (put to new use)改变…的用途reputed to be [sb/sth] expr (alleged)被普遍认为是，被公认为是；被宣称是，据称是He is reputed to be the world's richest man.request [sth] vtr (ask for [sth])要求；请求She requested more time to finish the report.她要求多给她点时间来完成报告。require [sth] vtr (need)需要What do you require, ma'am?女士，请问您有何需要？require [sth] vtr (demand)要求；命令The diva required vases of roses in her dressing room.那位大明星要求自己的更衣室里有玫瑰花。require [sb] to do [sth], require that [sb] do [sth] v expr (order)规定；要求The queen required her subjects to bow.女王规定臣民要向她鞠躬。be required to do [sth] v expr (commanded, ordered)要求做某事；必须做某事You are required to complete this form.你必须完成这张表格。requisite for [sth] n often plural ([sth] that is required)必需品；必备物品What are the requisites for a polar expedition?requisition [sth] vtr (take for official purposes)征用The army requisitioned gasoline during wartime.requite [sth] vtr formal, literary (reciprocate: love)报答；酬答Mark was surprised that Kathy requited his love.requite [sth] vtr formal (take revenge for: [sth])报复；为...复仇The prince vowed to requite the wrongs his brother had committed against him.reread [sth] vtr (read again)重新读；再读；读了又读I didn't understand the article the first time, so I reread it.rerecord [sth] vtr (record [sth] again)再录；重录rerelease [sth/sb], re-release [sth/sb] vtr (let go of [sth/sb] again)再释放，再次放开rerelease [sth/sb], re-release [sth/sb] vtr (set [sth/sb] free again)再释放，再次放走rerelease [sth], re-release [sth] vtr (publish, make [sth] available again)再发行，再次发行，重新发布reroof [sth], re-roof [sth] vtr (put a new roof on [sth])给…翻新屋顶reroute [sth] vtr (plot a different course for)为…重新设计路线；改变…的路线rerun [sth] vtr (TV, film: show again)重映；重播The studio has decided to rerun the popular show on a different network.rerun [sth] vtr (race: run again)重赛Due to weather the race will have to be rerun.reschedule [sth] vtr (event: change time of)重新安排；把…改期The concert has now been rescheduled for March 15th.reschedule [sth] vtr (loan: change repayment plan)变更还款计划The bank has finally agreed to reschedule our loan.rescind [sth] vtr formal (revoke, withdraw)取消, 废止；撤回, 收回The curfew was rescinded after three days of calm.rescript [sth] vtr (rewrite)改写...rescue [sb/sth] vtr (save)救出；营救Julia saw that the little girl was in danger and rescued her.茱莉娅看到那个小女孩正处于危险之中，便救了她。rescue [sb/sth] from [sb/sth] vtr + prep (save from danger)把…从…救出；从…解救出Tim rescued the man from drowning.提姆把那个人从水中救了出来，使他不至溺毙。rescue [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep (help, save from difficulty)从…中拯救出Daisy rescued her friend from her unhappy home.黛西把朋友从不幸的家庭中拯救了出来。reseal [sth] vtr (close or make airtight again)重新密封；重新封装；重新封存research [sth] vtr (investigate)调查；研究The police will research the suspect's record.警察会调查嫌疑者的犯罪记录。reseed [sth] vtr (sow again)再播种；补种；追播resell [sth] vtr (sell on to [sb] else)转售If you don't take good care of your car, you might not be able to resell it later when you buy a new one.resemblance to [sth] n (similarity)类似性；相似程度Burmese food has a resemblance to Thai food.resemble [sth] vtr (looks like)像；与...相似That cloud resembles a ship.那朵云看起来像一艘船。resent [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (feel aggrieved at [sb])因为…对某人不满；因为…怨恨Margaret resents her son for his drug addiction.玛格丽特因为自己儿子吸毒成瘾而对他大为不满。resent [sb] for doing [sth] v expr (feel aggrieved at [sb])怨恨某人做某事；因为…对某人不满They resented us having better seats than they had.他们因为我们的座位更好而对我们不满。resent [sth] vtr (feel aggrieved about [sth])对…不满；憎恨I resent Michelle's perfect hair and tiny nose.我憎恨米歇尔拥有完美的头发和小鼻子。resent doing [sth] v expr (feel aggrieved about [sth])对…愤愤不平，对…愤懑不已；厌烦；怨恨She resented having to spend so much time alone.她对不得不独自呆那么久而愤懑不已。resentful of [sth/sb] adj + prep (person: envious, bitter)厌恶Meera is resentful of the time her boyfriend spends with his brother.reserve [sth] vtr (hotel, restaurant)预订Malcolm has reserved a room with a sea view for his stay.马尔科姆为自己预订了一间海景房。reserve [sth] vtr (hold place)占（座）；预留Tina reserved a seat for her friend.蒂娜帮朋友占了一个座。reserve [sth] vtr (not do yet)留待以后再做Bill sorted his work into tasks he needed to complete straight away and tasks he could reserve for later.比尔将自己的工作分为两类：需要立刻完成的和可以留待以后再做的。reserve [sth] vtr (set aside)预留；预先保留Jim reserved two pieces of cake for him and Maria to eat later, before serving the rest to his guests.reserve [sth] vtr (keep for yourself)为自己保留（权利等）Sophie reserved the right to terminate her contract, if she found she didn't like the job.reserve [sth] vtr (delay)暂时不做（评论等）；暂时保留（意见等）Gerald wasn't sure about the singer, but decided to reserve judgement until he'd heard the whole song.reset [sth] vtr (set again)重新设置Naomi noticed her watch was slow and reset it.娜奥米注意到手表慢了，就重新进行了设置。reset [sth] vtr (return to original state)将…恢复原状，重置Jerry reset his computer to factory settings.杰瑞将计算机重置为出厂设置。reset [sth] vtr (realign: a bone)重新接（骨）Helen had broken her arm, so the doctor reset the bone and put her arm in plaster.resew [sth] vtr (stitch again)再缝；重新缝起reshape [sth] vtr (shape differently)使再成型；塑形The potter reshaped the clay and began molding a bowl.reshape [sth] vtr figurative (change, transform)改造, 重塑The pessimist decided to reshape his attitude and enjoy life.resharpen [sth] vtr (make sharp again)使再次变得尖锐；重新磨快reship [sth] vtr (transport or deliver again)再次运输；再次装运reshuffle [sth] vtr figurative (reorganize roles of)对…进行重组；改组；改革Let's reshuffle the staff to fill the open positions.reshuffle [sth] vtr (cards: shuffle again) (打牌)重新洗牌Reshuffle the deck before you deal.reside in [sth] vi + prep formal (be found, present)存在Strong feelings resided in Charles's breast.查尔斯有着满腔强烈的感情。reside [sth] vtr (building: apply siding)重新镶壁板resign [sth] vtr (right, claim: give up)放弃（权利等）Alison resigned her claim on the land.艾莉森放弃了对土地的拥有权。resign yourself to [sth] v expr (accept)接受；使屈从Resigning himself to the fact that no one else would help him clear up, Tim rolled up his sleeves and set to work.提姆接受了没人会来帮自己打扫的事实，卷起袖子，开始工作。resign from [sth] vi + prep (step down from, leave: a job)从…引退；从...上辞职The protestors demanded that he resign from office.He resigned from his post as director in favour of his son.resile from [sth] vi + prep formal (give up a position)放弃，反悔He said that he would not resile from his promises.resist [sth] vtr figurative (abstain from [sth]) (诱惑等)抵抗, 抵挡, 抗拒I can't resist chocolate - you'd better hide it from me.我无法抵抗巧克力的诱惑，还是把巧克力藏起来为好。resist doing [sth] vtr figurative (abstain from doing [sth])忍住；抵挡…的诱惑She couldn't resist making a joke about his ill-fitting trousers.她忍不住开了个玩笑，笑他不合身的裤子。resist [sth] vtr figurative (oppose)抵制；抵抗；反抗The opposition are bound to resist the policy, of course.反对党一定会抵制这项政策。resist [sth/sb] vtr (struggle against: physically) (身体上的)反抗, 抵抗, 反击If you keep on resisting me I'll be obliged to tie you up.再反抗我就把你绑起来。resist [sth] vtr (be proof against)防；抗；耐This material is designed to resist stains.resit [sth] vtr UK (exam: take again)补考；重考After failing the first time, Bridget resat the exam a month later.resize [sth] vtr (alter the size of)调整大小；调整尺寸resole [sth] vtr (put new undersurface on: a shoe)给…换鞋底resolve [sth] vtr (problem) (问题等)解决Natalie resolved the problem of her debts by taking a second job.为了还债，娜塔丽打起了双份工。resolve [sth] vtr (find answer)解答；解出；找出…的答案Harry resolved the mystery of food going missing in the night when he found Oliver sleepwalking to the fridge.哈里最后发现，晚上神秘失踪的食品都是梦游的奥利弗吃掉的。resolve to do [sth] vi + prep (firmly decide to do [sth])决心做某事；决意做某事The detective resolved to discover the identity of the killer, no matter what it took.侦探决心，无论以什么代价，都要查明凶手的身份。resolve [sth], resolve that [sth] vtr with clause (formally vote to do [sth])决议；正式决定The board resolved that investment must be made in upgrading the factories.resolve itself into [sth] v expr (change, become)变成；转变成Emily awoke in the night and saw a monster at the end of her bed; as she became more fully awake, the monster resolved itself into her clothes thrown over the back of a chair.resolve [sth] vtr (music: discord, transform) (音乐)转和弦resonate with [sth] vi + prep figurative (be filled with)充满The entire book resonates with emotion.resort to doing [sth] v expr (do as final option)最终采取；最终依靠于Bill resorted to eating tuna after he ran out of other food.其他食品耗尽之后，比尔最终依赖于吞拿鱼才活了下来。resound with [sth] vi + prep (echo with a given sound)回荡着...声音The room resounded with applause.resow [sth] vtr (seed: scatter again)补种；重新播种respect [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (person: esteem, admire)因为某事崇敬某人；由于某事敬佩某人They all respected him for his hard work.他们都因为他的勤恳工作而敬佩他。respect [sb] for doing [sth] v expr (person: admire)由于某事尊敬某人；由于某事敬佩某人I really respect Phoebe for volunteering at the hospital.菲比在医院做义工，我真的很敬佩她。respect [sth] vtr (show regard for)尊重He respected his wife's desire to live as an artist.他尊重妻子保持艺术家生活的愿望。respect [sth] vtr (not intrude into)尊重；顾及He never respected the privacy of his children.他从来都不尊重自己孩子们的隐私。respell [sth] vtr (spell differently)另拼respell [sth] vtr (spell out again)重新拼写respond to [sb/sth] vi + prep (answer, reply to)回答；答复She responded to our letter immediately.她立刻答复了我们的信。respond to [sth] vi + prep (react)对…作出反应；回应He responded negatively to my critique.他对我的批评作出了负面回应。respond to [sth] vi + prep (be cured by) (疾病)对...见效The good news is that the cancer seems to be responding to the chemotherapy.好消息是，化疗似乎对癌症见效了。responsible for [sth] adj + prep (involving accountability)承担责任的They are jointly responsible for the project's future success.他们都对项目未来的成功负有责任。responsible for doing [sth] expr (in charge of doing)负责做某事He was responsible for handing out the invitations.他负责发出邀请。responsible for [sth/sb] adj + prep (in charge of)为…负责；负责I am responsible for my sister while my parents are away.Helen is responsible for the entire sales department.父母外出的时候，我负责照顾妹妹。// 整个销售部门都由海伦负责。responsible for [sth] adj + prep (guilty of)是造成…的原因；为…负责He is responsible for his crimes.他为自己的犯罪行为负责。responsible for doing [sth] expr (guilty of doing)为…负责I am responsible for having broken the vase.打碎花瓶的人是我。responsible for [sth] adj + prep (causing)引起了, 是造成…的原因High winds are responsible for the capsized boats.狂风是造成翻船的原因。responsive to [sth] adj + prep (reacting quickly)对…反应及时；对…应对迅速The company's customer service team is very responsive to enquiries.这家公司的客户服务团队对问询应对十分迅速。responsive to [sth] adj + prep (person: interacting)易受…影响的，容易被…感动的James is responsive to his environment.詹姆斯容易受周围环境影响。responsive to [sth] adj + prep (responding well to treatment) (治疗等)对...反应良好The doctors were worried about the patient's condition, but fortunately she was responsive to the new treatment.医生们都很担心病人的状况，但幸运的是，她对最新的治疗方法反应良好。respray [sth] vtr (coat again with spray paint)重新喷涂；重新漆rest [sth] vtr (allow to rest)让…休息Let's rest the horses before tomorrow's long ride.rest [sth] vtr (place)把…搁在；把…放置在Rest the statue carefully on its stand.rest in [sth] vi + prep (be based in)产生于；在于restage [sth] vtr (stage again)使…重现舞台，将…重新搬上舞台restart [sth] vtr (car: start again) (汽车)重新发动Restart the car and see if the noise goes away.restart [sth] vtr (begin anew)重新开始；从头来过I decided to restart my studies after my husband died.restate [sth] vtr (state again, reaffirm)重述；再说一遍In your conclusion, you should restate your argument.restate [sth] vtr (say in a new way)换种方式重说In your essay, restate the author's thesis in your own words.restitch [sth], re-stitch vtr (sew again)重新缝；重新绣restock [sth] vtr (refill, replenish with supplies)重新进货；重新储备When the store ran out of toothpaste, the clerk restocked it.restore [sth] vtr (return to original state)使…恢复到最初的状态，使…重新回到原来的样子John restored the old sports car to its former glory.约翰让这辆旧跑车重新焕发出旧日的光彩。restore [sth] vtr (health)使（健康）恢复Tom had become pale and lethargic, but a radical change of diet restored his health.汤姆面色苍白，神思困倦，但大幅改变饮食习惯使他恢复了健康。restore [sth/sb] vtr (spirits, mood)使（精神、情绪等）恢复Edwin was feeling blue after splitting up with his boyfriend, but a night out with his friends restored his spirits.和男朋友分手后，艾德文觉得很抑郁，但与朋友们一夜的尽情玩乐使他恢复了精神。restore [sth/sb] vtr (return [sth/sb] lost or stolen)归还；还给The police restored the lost child to his parents.restore [sth] vtr (reintroduce)恢复（秩序等）The students were running riot, but the teacher soon managed to restore order when she arrived in the classroom.restrain [sth] vtr (emotions) (感情)抑制, 克制Daniel was very upset, but restrained his tears.丹尼尔很伤心，但还是忍住了泪水。restrengthen [sth] vtr (reinforce, make strong again)加强；重新强化restrict [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (to area) (范围等)限制, 限定The pub restricted smoking to the beer garden and asked customers not to bring lighted cigarettes indoors.酒吧的吸烟区在户外啤酒花园，客人不能在室内吸烟。restrict [sth] vtr (with rules, laws) (用法律或法规)约束, 限制There are laws that restrict the sale of alcohol and tobacco products.酒精和烟草产品的销售受到法律限制。restrict [sth] vtr (limit [sth])限制Brian restricts his working hours to ensure he has time to spend with his family.布莱恩对自己的工作时间进行了限制，确保有时间陪家人。restrict [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (limit to)把…限制在；把…控制在Teresa restricts the time her kids spend watching TV to two hours a day.特丽莎把孩子们看电视的时间限制在每天2小时。restrict [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (limit or confine to)将…拘禁在；将…局限于The plan is that violent prisoners will be restricted to their cells.根据计划，行为暴力的犯人将被拘禁在自己的囚室中。restrict yourself to [sth] v expr (limit or confine yourself to)将自己限制在If you restrict yourself to only eating at mealtimes you may actually lose weight.I was conscientious and restricted myself to eating only five cookies.restring [sth] vtr (fit new strings to)重新给...装弦；重新给...装线restructure [sth] vtr (organize differently)重组；调整…的结构The professor restructured his lecture so that it was more clear.restudy [sth/sb] vtr (examine again)再次研究；再次检查，再次审查restudy [sth] vtr (academic subject: retake) (科目)重新学习；再修restyle [sth] vtr (fashion differently)改变…款式；改变…的风格resubmit [sth] vtr (propose or present again)重新提交；重新呈递Please make all of the corrections listed above and resubmit your application.result from [sth] vi + prep (be the outcome of)结果是；归结为；是…的结果Our success results from our cooperation as a team.我们的成功是团队协作的结果。resume [sth] vtr (continue following interruption) (中断后)继续, 恢复They resumed their conversation after the speech.发言以后，他们继续交谈。resume [sth] vtr (take up again)重新开始；恢复I have to resume my language studies.resupply [sb] with [sth] vtr (provide with [sth])重新给...供给；重新给...提供resurface [sth] vtr (cover or coat again) (道路等)给...铺上新的路面；重新铺上Construction crew resurfacing the road in front of my house is very noisy.resurrect [sth] vtr figurative (bring back, restore)复苏, 复原, 恢复Cindy resurrected her childhood teddy bear after it spent twenty years in a box.resurvey [sth] vtr (inspect or study again)重新勘测；重新调查ret [sth] vtr (textiles: soak fibers)将…浸水柔化retail [sth] vtr (sell)零售；卖Mrs. Sellers now retails shoes.retain [sth] vtr (keep)保留；保持；继续拥有Irene retained the key in case she needed it again in the future.艾琳还保留着钥匙，以免以后还需要。retain [sth] vtr (memorize)熟记；记住Kate has a fantastic memory; she is able to retain facts really easily.凯特有着出色的记忆力。她能轻易熟记事实。retain [sth] vtr (liquids)保存；留住This compost retains moisture well, so you don't need to water your plants as often.这种肥料能很好地留住水分，你就不需要太频繁地浇水了。retain [sth] vtr (tradition) (传统等)保持, 保留The village has retained the tradition of maypole dancing.retake [sth] vtr (resit: an exam)补考；重新进行…考试I failed the exam, so I had to retake it.retake [sb/sth] vtr (military: capture again) (城市、要塞等)夺回, 再次拿下The army retook the small town that they had lost in an earlier battle.retard [sth] vtr (delay, slow down)减缓；延迟The financial problems retarded the project.reteach [sb] [sth] vtr (educate about [sth] again)再教育；再培训reteach [sb] to do [sth] v expr (train again)重新教...做reteach [sb] how to do [sth] v expr (train again)重新教...怎样做retell [sth] vtr (story: recount again) (故事等)复述；重新讲述Marcy told her father the bad news first and then had to retell it when her mother got home.retell [sth] to [sb] vtr (story: recount again)重复讲述After telling his account of the accident to the police, he later had to retell his story to a jury.retell [sb] [sth] vtr (person: inform again)重新告诉After Bobby begged, his mother retold him the story.rethink [sth] vtr (revise your decision) (结果等)重新考虑；重新思考Veronica rethought her decision to join the army.维罗妮卡重新思考了参军的决定。reticulate [sth] vtr (distribute through network)通过网络分配reticulate [sth] vtr (form into a network)使…形成网络retie [sth] vtr (fasten again)重新系；再次系retighten [sth] vtr (make tight again)重新拧紧，重新紧固，重新上紧retire from [sth] vi + prep (leave: a career) (军队)从…退役；从…退休George retired from the Navy three years ago.乔治三年前从海军中退役。retire to [sth] vi + prep formal (withdraw: to a place)退隐Trevor retired to a mountain cabin for some peace and quiet to reflect on his life.为了追求平静，反省自己的生活，崔弗退隐到了山中小屋居住。retire [sth] vtr (stop using: [sth] old)被报废；停止使用Laura decided it was time to retire her old walking shoes, as they were falling apart.劳拉的徒步鞋已经穿的破烂不堪，可以被扔掉了。retool [sth/sb] vtr (equip again)重新装备；为…更换设备retool [sth] vtr figurative (reorganize, streamline)重组；精简retort [sth], retort that vtr (reply sharply)反驳；顶嘴；回嘴"Don't bother me now," he retorted.retouch [sth] vtr (enhance: an image)修饰；修正retrace [sth] vtr (go back over)折回；返回；倒回Roberto couldn't remember why he made the decision, so he tried to retrace his reasoning.retrace [sth] vtr figurative (go back over in memory)回忆, 回想, 追忆, 回顾The witness was asked to retrace his activities on the night in question.retract [sth] vtr (take back: [sth] said) (声明、承诺等)撤回；收回The politician wished he could retract his offensive comment about women.retrain [sth] vtr (dog, horse: teach to behave differently)重新操练；重新训练retransmit [sth] vtr (send again, relay)转播, 转发The radio operator retransmitted the message.retread [sth] vtr (walk over again)再次踩过；再次踏过；再次走过retread [sth] vtr (tyre: put new treads on) (轮胎)翻新, 翻修, 给...装上新胎面retrieve [sth] vtr (get, find: physical object)重新得到；追回；取回；捡回Bill threw the stick and the dog retrieved it.比尔把棍子扔出去，狗跑去捡了回来。retrieve [sth] vtr (get, find: computer files, data) (电子资料等)恢复；找回Linda hoped she would be able to retrieve her files after her computer crashed.电脑死机了，琳达希望能恢复自己的文件。retrocede [sth] vtr (insurance: cede to another company) (保险业)将…转分保retrofit [sth] vtr (install post-manufacture updates)革新；现代化The city plans to retrofit its fleet to burn ethanol fuel. Can I retrofit my computer with this faster chip?retry [sth] vtr (attempt again)重新尝试；再试Next year I will retry the Tokyo marathon.retune [sth] vtr (instrument: adjust correctly) (给乐器)调音，校准Dennis retuned his guitar after playing it for weeks.return [sth] vtr (give back)归还Could you return that DVD I lent you?你能把我借你的DVD还我吗？return [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (give back to owner)将某物归还给某人；将某物返还给某人You should return that money to its rightful owner.你应该把那笔钱归还给它的合法所有人。return [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep (take back)把…归还给…，把…还给Please ensure you return your books to the library on time.请一定记得按时把你借的书归还到图书馆。return to [sth] vi + prep (go back to)回；回去；返回I often return to the town I grew up in.我常常回那个小镇去，我在那里长大。return [sth] vtr (commerce: goods) (商贸: 商品)退还…，退回…I don't like these boots after all; I'm going to return them.我完全不喜欢这些书，我要去把它们退掉。return [sth]/that vtr (retort)反驳；回嘴It's not over yet, he returned.return [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (put back)把…放回Return all books to the appropriate place on the shelf.return [sth] vtr (reverberate)回响；发出…的回声The tunnel returned the sound of the car's engine.return [sth] vtr (reflect)反映；反射The lake surface returned her image.return [sth] vtr (finance: earn)提供…收益； (收益)回报It's an investment that returns at least 7%.return [sth] vtr (ball: hit back) (球)将...击回The champion smashed the ball, but the challenger managed to return it.return [sth] vtr (feelings: reciprocate) (某人的感情)回报；报答I was never able to return his love.return (on [sth]) n (earnings, profit) (经济)回报；利润；收益These investments offer a considerable rate of return.return to [sth] vi + prep (revert to: earlier condition) (回到之前的状态)回复After eating dinner, I returned to my studies.吃完晚饭后，我继续学习。return to [sth] vi + prep (subject: go back to) (之前的话题)回到Let's return to the subject we touched upon earlier.让我们回到先前涉及到的话题吧。return a verdict of [sth] v expr (jury: decide if guilty) (陪审团)宣布裁决After much deliberation, the jury returned a verdict of not guilty.return from [sth] vi + prep (come back from)从…回来；从…返回When I returned from my vacation, I had a serious sun burn. When you return from the store, can we go to the movies?retype [sth] vtr (type again)重新录入；再次输入reunify [sth] vtr (bring together again)重新统一；使重新成为一体reupholster [sth] vtr (furniture: cover again) (家具)给...重新装椅面reuse [sth], re-use vtr (use again)重复使用；再次使用Are you planning to reuse this plastic bottle?rev [sth] vtr informal (accelerate a motor)加速运转revaluate [sth] vtr (price change)重新估价revalue [sth] vtr (reassess the value of)重新估价；再评价The appraisal revalued our home at twice its purchase price.revamp [sth] vtr (renovation, improvement)翻新The firm revamped their offices to give the company a more modern look.公司翻新了办公室，看起来更具现代感。reveal [sth] vtr (show)揭示；显示；披露The facts reveal the truth.事实表明了真相所在。reveal [sth] vtr (betray)泄露出；暴露出His slight smile revealed his true feelings.reveal [sth] vtr (religion: make known) (宗教)启示；透露The Creator revealed his wishes to the prophet.revel in [sth] vi + prep (enjoy greatly)陶醉在, 沉醉于The small boy revelled in the rare praise from his strict teacher.revenge [sth] vtr (avenge: [sth] done)报…的仇The story is about a girl who disguises herself as a warrior to revenge the murder of her family.故事中，一个女孩为了报家人被杀的仇，将自己伪装成了一位战士。revere [sb/sth] vtr formal (worship, venerate)尊崇；崇敬；崇拜My daughter reveres her father, even though he's never home.reverse [sth] vtr (undo, counteract)取消；撤销The government reversed its policy on taxing alcohol.政府取消了对酒类产品课税的政策。reverse [sth] vtr (overturn: a legal decision) (司法，撤销判决)撤销； (司法，高庭推翻初庭的判决)推翻The judge reversed the defendant's conviction.法官推翻了对被告的有罪判决。reverse [sth] vtr (turn back to front)把…反过来；翻转Seeing that he had put his jumper on back to front, James reversed it.看到自己把套头衫前后穿反，詹姆士赶紧将其翻转过来穿好。reverse [sth] vtr (exchange: roles, etc.)调换；交换（角色）As Daisy earned more than Ben, they decided to reverse the traditional roles; Daisy went out to work and Ben took care of the children.因为黛西比本挣的钱多，所以他们决定交换传统角色：黛西出去工作，本留在家里看孩子。reverse [sth] vtr (vehicle: drive backwards)使倒退；倒（车）Alison reversed the car into the garage.艾莉森把车倒进车库里。reverse [sth] vtr (turn inside out)使颠倒；使反向；使翻过来Melanie reversed the jacket, so that the red side was outwards.reverse [sth] vtr (order, position: turn around)倒转；反转The librarian reversed the order of the books on the shelf, so that authors whose names appeared later in the alphabet came first.reverse-engineer [sth] vtr (take apart and reproduce)对…进行逆向工程reversion to [sth] n (return to former ways) (之前的状态等)返回；退回；恢复We were surprised at Helen's reversion to Christianity at the age of sixty.revert to [sth] vi + prep (return to: earlier condition)恢复；回到（之前的状态）The medications ceased to have effect and she has reverted to a vegetative state. After severe trauma, some people revert to childlike behavior.药物不再起效，她又恢复了之前的植物人状态。经受重大创伤后，有的人会回到幼儿的行为状态。revert to [sth] vi + prep (return to: habit, behaviour)恢复；回到（之前的习惯或行为）William swore he would be good from then on, but he soon reverted to his wicked ways.威廉发誓以后要好好做人，但过了不久，又回到之前恶劣的老路上去了。revert to [sth] vi + prep (go back to)复归，回归，返回，回复Some people think we should revert to a barter system instead of money.有人认为我们应该弃用钱钞，回归以物易物制。revet [sth] vtr (face wall with stone) (用石头等)覆盖review [sth] vtr (check, read)检查；核查Can you review my message before you send it?你把我的信息发出之前能帮我看看吗？review [sth] vtr (re-examine)回顾, 反思； (文件、帐目等)复审, 复核, 复查Let me review what happened to see if we can do anything about it.我们把发生的一切回顾一下，看看能不能做点什么。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 警方复查证据了吗？review [sth] vtr US (revise lessons)复习，温习I'm reviewing my geography for a quiz tomorrow.我在为明天的地理考试复习。review [sth] vtr (critique, analyse) (对书籍、戏剧、电影等)评论, 评介, 批评The reporter reviewed the new product for the newspaper.记者为报纸写了新产品的评论。review [sth/sb] vtr (inspect: troops) (军队、部队等)检阅The general reviewed the troops before battle.review [sth] vtr (view in retrospect)回顾；反省A few years later he reviewed his actions and decided that he would not do things the same way again.revise [sth] vtr (text: edit, amend)校订, 修订The proofreader revised the text.校对员修订了文本。revise [sth] vtr (update) (根据新信息进行)修改；更新The HR team revised the staff guidelines.人事团队修改了员工规则指南。revise for [sth] vi + prep UK (study for an exam)为…复习；为…复习功课Robert is revising for an exam.罗伯特为一场考试复习功课。revise [sth] vtr UK (review lessons)复习；温习I need to revise irregular verbs for the French test tomorrow.明天有法语考试，我要复习一下不规则动词。revise [sth] vtr (opinion: change) (观点等)修改；转变Walter revised his opinion of the young man after listening to Mrs. Bradshaw singing his praises.听了布拉德肖夫人的大力称赞，华尔特改变了对那位年轻人的看法。revise [sth] vtr (numbers: adjust) (估算等)修改, 修正Emma revised the figures according to the new forecast.艾玛按照新的预测修改了数字。revisit [sth] vtr (place: visit again)再访；重游；重临The couple revisited the site of their first kiss.revisit [sth] vtr figurative (review, go back over)重提；再次讨论；再次提及The lawyer revisited the facts of the case.revitalize [sth], also UK: revitalise [sth] vtr (refresh, enliven [sth])使…充满活力The company revitalized their image with a new logo.revitalize [sth], also UK: revitalise [sth] vtr (modernize [sth])使…具有新气象；使复兴；振兴The new sports stadium revitalized the town.revive [sb/sth] vtr (bring back to life)使复活We tried but failed to revive the kitten.revive [sb/sth] vtr (bring back to consciousness)使苏醒Splash water in his face and see if it revives him.revive [sth] vtr (bring back [sth])恢复, 重新使用, 使重新流行Are they trying to revive bell-bottom pants?revivify [sth/sb] vtr (reinvigorate)使重新恢复活力；焕发...的生机revoice [sth] vtr (echo)重新表达revoice [sth] vtr (musical instrument) (乐器)重新调整revoke [sth] vtr (withdraw)撤消；取消The company revoked their employment offer when they realized the candidate lied on his resume.revoke [sth] vtr (recall)撤回；收回；召回The bill was revoked after public outcry pressured politicians to make changes.revolt against [sth/sb] vi + prep (rebel, protest)反抗The students revolted against the school's new dress code.revolutionize [sth], also UK: revolutionise [sth] vtr (change [sth] radically)彻底改革；完全改变；大肆改革iPhones revolutionized the way we communicate.revolve around [sb/sth] vi + prep (go around)围绕…旋转，绕着…转The Earth revolves around the sun.地球围绕太阳旋转。revolve around [sb/sth] vi + prep figurative (be centred on) (比喻)以…为中心，围着…转Edwin thinks the world revolves around him.埃德温认为全世界都要围着他转。revolve [sth] vtr (cause to rotate)使旋转；使转动The motor revolves a blade, which chops the food finely.reward for [sth] n (prize for [sth])奖品；奖励The soccer team received trophies as rewards for winning the tournament.那只足球队赢得了锦标赛，获得了奖杯。reward for doing [sth] n (prize for doing [sth])奖品；奖励；奖金I sat down with a cup of tea and a chocolate biscuit as a reward for doing all the housework.我坐下来，喝了一杯茶，吃了一块巧克力饼干，作为完成所有家务的奖励。reward for [sth] n (financial prize)为…而提供的酬金Police offered a reward for the outlaw's capture.警方悬赏捉拿歹徒。rewards, rewards of [sth] npl (emotional benefits) (情感、精神上的)回报，报答Teaching can be challenging, but it has its rewards.教书这份工作可能会充满挑战，不过也有回报。reward [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (give a gift in return for [sth])为…给…奖赏The teacher rewarded the class for good behavior.大家表现很好，所以老师奖励了全班。reward [sb] for doing [sth] v expr (give a gift for [sth] done)为做…给…酬谢The man rewarded Richard for returning his dog.理查德归还了那位男子的狗，获得了他的酬谢。reward [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (give in return for [sth] done)用…回报Mrs. Jones rewarded the helpful children with chocolate cupcakes.琼斯太太用巧克力小蛋糕回报孩子们的帮助。rewarm [sth] vtr (food: heat through again) (食物)再次加热rewash [sth/sb] vtr (wash again)再次洗；重新洗reweave [sth] vtr (weave again)再次编织；重新编织reweigh [sth] vtr (weigh again)再次称…的重量；重新称重rewild [sth], wild [sth] vtr (return land to natural state)使恢复自然状态；重新野化rewind [sth] vtr (wind back)转回；倒回；绕回Rewind the tape to the beginning of that conversation.rewire [sth] vtr (refit with electrical wiring)给…重装电线；为…换电线After an electrical fire, we had to rewire the whole house.reword [sth] vtr (phrase differently)改说；改写；重述The company reworded the contract so that it favored their interests.rework [sth] vtr (text: revise) (文章等)修改, 修订The student reworked her essay until it was perfect.rework [sth] vtr (metal: work again) (金属等)再制, 再加工, 返工The jewelry maker heated the metal and reworked it into a ring.rework [sth] vtr (rehash in new form)重做Wendy reworked her schedule to have less meetings.rewrite [sth], also UK: re-write [sth] vtr (write in a revised form)重写；改写Please rewrite this section and don't mention the senator.rewrite [sth], also UK: re-write [sth] vtr (write out again)重写Tom realized that his handwriting was unreadable and rewrote the note more clearly.汤姆认识到他的书写字迹无法辨认，他便重新清楚地写了一遍笔记。rewrite the rules of [sth], also UK: re-write the rules of [sth] v expr figurative (reinvent [sth], do [sth] unconventionally)打破常规； (比喻)重写规则The New Wave directors rewrote the rules of film.新浪潮派导演们重写了电影的规则。rezone [sth] vtr US (town planning: assign property, etc, to a new category of use restrictions, zone) (城镇规划)再分区；重新分区rib [sb] about [sth] vtr + prep (tease [sb] about [sth])因…取笑某人；因…嘲笑某人Billy's classmates rib him about his red hair.rice [sth] vtr (culinary: chop)将...压成米粒状Nathan riced the potato.rich in [sth] adj + prep figurative (abounding: in [sth])丰富的；数量多的；大量的The jungle is rich in wildlife.这片雨林中有丰富的野生动物。rich in [sth] adj + prep figurative (full of [sth])充满…的；都是…的The Greek myths are rich in allegory.希腊神话多充满着寓言故事。rick [sth] vtr (stack: wood, hay) (木头、干草)堆，垛The farmer spent the entire day ricking hay in the shed.rick [sth] vtr UK (body: strain a part)扭伤I ran too far yesterday and ricked my knee.ricochet off [sth] vi + prep (be deflected)从…弹起The soldier was afraid of the bullets ricocheting off the walls.be rid of [sb/sth] v expr (be free of)摆脱I couldn't stand her, and I'm glad to be rid of her!我完全受不了她，所以很高兴自己能够摆脱她！；riddance of [sth] n archaic (freedom from [sth] unwanted) (状态)摆脱, 解脱The riddance of the rats from the city streets was no easy task.ridden with, ridden with [sth] adj + prep (afflicted by: a disease, etc.)满是ridden with, ridden with [sth] adj + prep (full of: [sth] bad)充满；布满riddle [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep often passive (fill: with holes, bullets) (穿孔、伤痕、涂鸦等)把…弄得处处…The police riddled Bonnie and Clyde's car with bullets.警察把邦妮和克莱德的车打得满是弹孔。riddle [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep figurative, often passive (fill: with errors, etc.)充斥；充满The student's essay was riddled with spelling errors.学生的文章中充斥着拼写错误。riddled with [sth] adj + prep (full of: holes, bullets)布满（孔、枪眼）的The gangster's corpse was riddled with bullet holes.riddled with [sth] adj + prep figurative (full of: errors, etc.) (比喻)漏洞百出的；错误百出的The company is riddled with incompetent employees.ride [sth] vtr (travel by: bicycle, motorbike)骑；骑乘He rides his bike to school every day.他每天骑车上学。ride [sth] vtr (travel by: bus, train)乘车；坐车I ride the bus into work every day.我每天坐公交车上班。ride [sth] vtr (go on: a horse)骑马The girls love to ride horses.女孩子们喜欢骑马。ride [sth] vtr (jockey) (赛马)骑马The jockey was riding the favourite horse.骑师骑着他最喜欢的马。ride on [sth] vi + prep (be carried)骑在…上His son likes to ride on his shoulders.他儿子喜欢骑到他肩膀上。ride [sb] to do [sth] v expr US, informal, figurative (harass)不停地数落；唠叨She kept riding him to get him to follow the rules.ride [sth] vtr (travel, traverse: distance) (指距离)骑马走了；乘车行经We rode 30 km today on our bikes.ride [sth] vtr (be carried on: water, wave)使…漂浮于水上；冲浪The surfer rode the wave.ride by [sth] vi + prep (pass on a vehicle)骑过ride [sb/sth] down, ride down [sb/sth] vtr + adv (trample under hooves) (指被马)踩踏，践踏ride [sth] down, ride down [sth] vtr + adv (nautical: bear down on rope) 没有提供翻译 ride on [sth] vi + prep (be mounted on: horse, bicycle, etc.)骑在…上I will ride on the camel's back.ride over to [sth] v expr US (travel by car to a place)驾车旅行After work, Joel rode over to his buddy's place to watch the game.ride up [sth] vi + prep (clothing: move up on) (指衣物)沿...往上滑，顺...往上缩That jumper is far too small for you - it's riding up your back!ridicule [sb/sth] vtr (mock, deride)嘲笑；讥笑；奚落Don't ridicule the plan till you've seen the details.rife with [sth] adj (full of: [sth] bad)充满…的；充斥着…的The streets here are rife with crime.riffle [sth] vtr (ripple, ruffle)使（水面）泛起涟漪As the storm approached, the wind began to riffle the birthday streamers hanging outside.riffle [sth] vtr (flip through)翻动；洗牌The agent riffled the stack of applications to get an idea of how many there were.riffle [sth] vtr (leaf through: pages)迅速翻阅；匆匆浏览Marcy riffled the pages in the book, looking for a note she had written.riffle through [sth] vi + prep (leaf through: pages)快速翻阅I riffled through a magazine in the waiting room while I waited to see the doctor.riffle through [sth] vi + prep (search through)翻找Rosa riffled through her bag in search of her car keys.rifle in [sth] vi + prep (rummage around)快速地翻找；匆忙搜寻Sally was rifling in her bag, looking for her keys.莎莉在包里翻找着钥匙。rifle through [sth] vi + prep (rummage in)在…中翻找；在…中搜寻I rifled through my papers but couldn't find the document my boss wanted.我在一堆文件中翻找，但就是找不到老板想要的文件。rifle [sth] vtr (cut spiral grooves in)在…刻来复线Larry was rifling the barrel of his gun.rifle [sth] vtr (ball: throw fast)迅速投出The player rifled the ball towards his team mate.rifle [sth] vtr (ransack)洗劫；掠夺The burglar rifled the drawers to see if any money was hidden underneath the clothes.rig [sth] vtr (install, set up) (临时)架起，搭起The rain was coming down hard and Wendy realised she would have to rig something to shelter under.大雨倾盆，温蒂意识到她得搭个什么东西来挡雨。rig [sth] vtr (fit sails: on a boat)给（船）装配帆和索具Harry is rigging his boat.亨利正在给船装配桅帆和索具。rig [sth] vtr informal (election, etc.: fix outcome) (对选举等)操控，操纵The politician was accused of rigging the election.该名政客被指控操纵选举。rig [sth] vtr informal (price: set illegally) (价格)操纵In 2012, Barclays was fined for rigging the Libor rate.2012年，巴克莱银行因操纵伦敦同业拆借利率而遭到罚款。rig [sth] vtr informal (fix, set [sth])草草构筑；临时架起rig [sth] up vtr + adv informal (set up: [sth] makeshift)临时搭建We rigged up a tent out of a bedspread and camped in the back yard.be right to do [sth] v expr (person: do wisest thing)做某事是对的Abigail was right to leave her husband; he was an awful man.阿比盖尔离开自己老公的行为是对的，他完全是个糟糕的家伙。right [sth] vtr (make upright)把…扶直；扶正They righted the fence and reinforced it.right [sth] vtr (put in good order)调整好；处理好；理顺She righted her affairs.她把自己的事情理顺了。right [sth] vtr (redress)纠正；改正He tried to right the wrongs of his youth.right-click on [sth] vi + prep (press right mouse button)右键单击right-click [sth] vtr (press right mouse button)右键单击rightsize [sth] vtr (restructure [sth] efficiently) (通过裁减人员)精简；调整…的结构rim [sth] vtr (form an edge)给…镶边The potter rimmed the vase she was making.陶工给正在制作的花瓶镶边。rim [sth] vtr (roll around edge of: a goal) (球等)沿…边缘打转The ball rimmed the basket.球在篮框边上打转。ring [sth] vtr (sound: a bell)敲响；撞响；打响The monk rang the bell.那僧人敲响了钟。ring [sth] vtr (fit a ring to: nose of livestock) (牲畜的鼻子上)在...戴上环The farmer ringed his cattle so that they could be led.ring [sth] vtr (fit a tag to: a bird) (小鸟)给...套上脚环The birds were ringed so that they could be identified later.ring [sth] vtr (draw a circle around)在…周围画圆圈；把…圈起来；用笔圈出Ring the answer that you think is correct.ring [sth] vtr US (cut into rings)把…切成圈Ring the onion and add to the salad.ring [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (encircle with [sth])把…缠绕起来She ringed the door handle with some Christmas tinsel.ring with [sth] vi + prep (be filled with sound) (声音)充满, 环绕, 响彻, 充满响声The church rang with the sound of music.a ring of [sth], a [sth] ring n (particular sound)...的声音There was a ring of truth to the woman's words.The speech had a practised ring.ring-fence [sth], ringfence [sth] vtr (assign to [sth])限制…用途ring-fence [sth], ringfence [sth] vtr (oblige to use for [sth]) (以供专人使用)限制性地保护rinse [sth] vtr (wash soap from)漂净，将（肥皂等）冲洗干净After washing the dishes in hot, soapy water, Helen rinses them under the tap.海伦先用加了洗洁精的热水清洗碗碟，然后再放到水龙头下冲洗干净。rinse [sth] vtr (wash without soap)用清水冲洗Bill rinsed his glass under the tap.比尔在水龙头下冲洗玻璃杯。rinse [sth] from [sth], rinse [sth] off [sth] vtr + prep (wash away)漂洗掉；漂洗净Edward rinses the dye from his hair. Zoe uses the hosepipe to rinse the soap suds off the car.爱德华把染发剂漂洗掉了。佐伊用水管喷水，漂洗掉了车上的肥皂泡沫。riot over [sth] vi + prep (protest violently against)因…而发动暴乱The population was rioting over rapidly increasing prices for staples.民众因日常用品价格暴涨而发动了暴乱。riot of [sth] n (showy display) (色彩)缤纷； (声音)嘈杂The flowerbeds were a riot of colour.rip [sth] vtr (tear: paper)撕扯Gerald reread his poem, decided it was awful, and ripped the paper in two.杰拉德重读了一遍诗，认为自己写的太烂，把稿子撕成两半。rip [sth] vtr (tear: fabric) (衣服、布料)扯破, 撕坏Paula ripped her new trousers climbing over a fence.宝拉在爬栏杆的时候不小心把新裤子撕破了。rip [sth] vtr (copy: audio or video files) (计算机（从光盘上复制音频或视频）)提取, 抓取, 撷取David ripped the DVD, so that he'd have a copy of the film on his laptop.rip [sth] from [sb/sth] vtr + prep (snatch, wrest)从…处抢走；从…处强夺走Emily ripped the weapon from her opponent's grasp.rip [sth] apart vtr + adv (tear open)撕裂...；撕开...Impatient to see her present, Naomi ripped the packaging apart.rip [sth] apart vtr + adv (tear into pieces)撕碎...；扯碎...The hounds ripped the fox apart.rip [sb/sth] apart vtr + adv slang, figurative (criticize harshly)严厉批判...；抨击...；大加批评...The critics ripped the author apart.rip [sth] open vtr + adv (letter: open by tearing) (信封等)撕开He ripped open the envelope, impatient to find out his exam results.rip [sth] open vtr + adv (eviscerate) (露出内脏)撕开The hunter ripped the rabbit open.rip [sth] out, rip out [sth] vtr + adv informal (remove by tearing)将…撕下来When I see an interesting photo in the newspaper, I often rip it out.每当我在报纸上看到有趣的图片时，我都会将它撕下来。rip [sth] out, rip out [sth] vtr + adv figurative, informal (remove completely)完全扯掉；将…完全扯下来Tina ripped all the old wiring out of the house and had all new electrics put in.缇娜完全扯掉了房子里的老旧电线，并铺设上全新的电路。rip [sth] out, rip out [sth] vtr + adv (knitting, stitching: unravel) (丝线等)扯开I made several mistakes in my knitting and ended up ripping out three rows of stitches.ripe for [sth] adj + prep figurative (ready)时机成熟The tax system is ripe for reform.现在时机成熟，可以进行税务系统改革。ripen [sth] vtr (fruit, etc.: make ripe)使…成熟You can ripen the peaches by leaving them outside of the refrigerator.ripple [sth] vtr (cause to form small waves)使泛起涟漪A gentle breeze rippled the surface of the pond.一阵微风让池面泛起了层层涟漪。ripsaw [sth] vtr (cut with ripsaw)锯...rise above [sth] vi + prep (be higher than)超过；高于Dawn occurs when the sun rises above the horizon.rise against [sth/sb] vi + prep (resist, protest against)反抗，起义The slaves plan to rise against their masters.rise from [sth] vi + prep (emerge from)产自于；从...兴起The mythological bird, the phoenix, was said to rise from its ashes.risk [sth] vtr (expose to danger)冒…风险；拿...冒险You're risking your life by driving at that speed.你车开得那么快，是在拿生命冒险。risk [sth] vtr (court the loss of)把...作赌注I risked all my money in the casino.我把所有的钱都投入赌场。risk [sth] vtr (court danger of)冒…的风险I risked bankruptcy with that last deal.我冒着破产的风险完成了上一笔交易。risk-manage [sth] vtr (control potential losses)对...进行风险管理The manager wants to improve the way in which the company risk-manages its business.ritualize [sth], also UK: ritualise [sth] vtr (make [sth] into a ritual)使仪式化rival [sb/sth] vtr (be equal to)比得上；与…相匹敌She has a natural beauty to rival that of any movie star.她天生丽质，美貌可与任何影星相匹敌。rive [sth] vtr usually passive (split by impact)使...裂开The old tree was riven by lightning.rive [sth] vtr literary (tear apart, split)撕开；撕裂The hungry eaters rived the meat from the bone.rive [sth] vtr mainly US (wood, stone: split)劈开rivet [sth] vtr (fix, secure)铆接；固定He positioned the panel and riveted it in place.rivet [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (fix, secure)把…固定在The engineer riveted the wings to the body of the plane.road-show [sth] vtr US (put on as touring performance)做…的路演The producer decided to road-show the play.roam [sth] vtr (wander around a place)在…漫步；在…徜徉The teenagers roamed the streets, looking for something to do.roar, the roar of [sth] n figurative (traffic, ocean, etc.: loud noise) (汽车)轰鸣； (机器等)轰响，轰鸣； (风等)怒吼，咆哮I sat on the edge of the cliff and listened to the ocean's roar. Karen couldn't hear what Jon was saying above the roar of the traffic.我坐在悬崖边，听着海洋的咆哮声。在来往车辆的轰鸣声中，卡伦听不清乔恩在说什么。roast [sth] vtr (cook: on spit or in oven)烤；炙Bob is roasting a chicken for lunch.鲍勃正在为午餐烤鸡。rob [sth] vtr (steal from a bank, etc.)抢劫（店铺、银行等）The police are seeking two suspects who robbed a corner shop on Saturday.警察正在搜捕周六抢劫了街角一家商店的两名嫌犯。rob [sb] of [sth] vtr + prep often passive (steal [sth] from [sb])抢劫某人的某物；偷盗某人的某物According to the police, the store was robbed of more than 5,000 dollars.The pickpockets robbed the tourists of their wallets.据警方消息，这家店被抢走了 5000 多美元。游客们的钱包被小偷偷走了。rob [sb] of [sth] vtr + prep figurative, often passive (deprive [sb] of [sth])使失去；夺去；剥夺You've robbed me of everything but my dignity! She had to start working when she was 12 years old so she was robbed of her youth.你夺去了我的一切，但不能剥夺我的尊严！她12岁就不得不参加工作，青春时光就这样被剥夺了。rob [sth] vtr (steal)盗窃；抢劫；打劫The gang robbed a huge sum of money from the casino.robotize [sth], also UK: robotise [sth] vtr (automate [sth])使自动化rock [sth] vtr (shake violently)使…猛烈摇晃；使剧烈震动The explosion rocked the building.爆炸让整栋楼剧烈震动。rock [sth] vtr (make unstable)使…摆动；使…摇晃The rowers' movement rocked the boat.划船人的动作使船摇晃起来。rock [sb/sth] vtr (disturb, upset)使…不安；扰乱The crisis rocked them from their routine.rock [sth] vtr slang (clothing, look: wear with style)穿戴（某种风格的服装）备注: Commonly used in the continuous.She's rocking the goth look today.她今天的穿戴走的是哥特风。roil [sth] vtr (stir up sediment in)搅浑；搅拌The storm roiled the coastline, turning the normally clear water brown.roll [sth] vtr (ball, etc.: toss along the ground)使滚动He rolled the ball to the baby.他把球滚给了那个婴儿。roll [sth] vtr (throw: dice) (骰子)掷Roll the dice and move your counter.掷骰子，然后移动你的筹码。roll [sth] vtr (throw: number on dice) (数字)掷, 掷出If you roll a six, you can have another turn.如果你掷出6点，你就能额外获得一个回合。roll [sth] vtr (trill)用卷舌音说Many Americans find it hard to roll their Rs.roll [sth] vtr (move up and down or side to side)使...滚动He rolled the paint onto the wall very quickly.roll [sth] vtr (make sway)使...摇摆；使...左右摇晃The waves rolled the boat back and forth.roll [sth] vtr (wrap around a cylinder)把...卷起来；把...缠绕成一卷We rolled the hose after washing the car.roll [sth] vtr (form into a tube)把…卷成筒；把…卷成圆筒形I have seen photos of old Cubans rolling cigars.roll [sth] vtr (envelop)用...把...包裹起来；把...卷进...中Next, you need to roll the chicken in the bread till it is coated.roll [sth] vtr (flatten with a rolling pin)用...把...碾平First you need to roll the pizza dough.roll [sth] vtr (flatten metal)压滚；辗；轧The workers rolled the metal into flat sheets.roll down [sth] vi + prep (droplet: move downwards) (如泪珠)从…掉落，从…滚滚而下A tear rolled down the little girl's cheek.一滴眼泪从小女孩的脸颊上掉落。roll down [sth] vi + prep (move down a slope)从…滚下来The marble rolled down the ramp.那颗弹珠从斜坡上滚下来。roll [sth] down [sth] vtr + prep (push down a slope)将…滚下去Dan rolled the ball down the hill.丹将球从小山上滚下去。roll [sth] down, roll down [sth] vtr + adv (open: car window) (指将车窗等)摇下Estelle rolled down the car window.爱斯特尔摇下了车窗。roll [sth] down, roll down [sth] vtr + adv (close: window shade) (指将百叶窗等)关闭, 关上Barbara rolled down the window shade.芭芭拉关上了遮光窗帘。roll [sth] off [sth] vtr + prep (cause [sth] round to fall off [sth])把...从...上滚下来；把...从...上扔下来Roll the marble off the table—the cat will chase it!roll out [sth], roll [sth] out vtr + adv (unroll [sth])铺开；展开The geography teacher rolled out a map of the world on the desk.地理老师在桌子上展开一张世界地图。roll out [sth], roll [sth] out vtr + adv (flatten with a rolling pin)展开Roll out the pastry thin and even.将饼皮擀得薄而均匀。roll [sth] over vtr + adv figurative, often passive (jackpot: add to next draw) (彩票奖金)滚入，顺延If nobody wins the lottery, the prize is rolled over to the following week's draw.如果没有人中彩票，那么奖金就会顺延到下周的奖池。roll over [sth] vi + prep (internet: move cursor over) (用鼠标)滚动Roll over the image and you'll see it change.转动图像，您将看到它的变化。roll [sth] over [sth] vtr + prep (cursor: move over)滚动（鼠标），移动（光标）The image changes when you roll the cursor over it.当你把光标移到图像上时，它会发生变化。roll [sth] over into [sth] v expr figurative (profits: reinvest)翻转；翻滚I took the money I made on my first rental property and rolled it over into a second.Romanize [sth], also UK: Romanise [sth] vtr (make Roman Catholic)使罗马化；使皈依天主教romanize [sth], also UK: romanise [sth] vtr (render in Latin alphabet)用罗马字母拼写；用罗马字母印刷romanticize about [sth], also UK: romanticise about [sth] vi + prep (have unrealistic ideas about [sth])对…充满浪漫化的想法A lot of people romanticize about living a simple, self-sufficient life in the countryside, without realizing how much hard work it is.romanticize [sth], also UK: romanticise [sth] vtr (idealize [sth])使…理想化；使…浪漫化Bob romanticizes his childhood, but he wasn't a particularly happy child.roof [sth] vtr (cover with a roof)给…盖上屋顶I asked the workmen how long it would take them to roof the house.root [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep figurative, usually passive (originate, base)源于Jung rooted his ideas in the theories of Plato.Petra's fear of flying is rooted in a traumatic childhood experience.root [sth] up, root up [sth] vtr + adv (dig [sth] up at roots)根除；彻底清除rooted in [sth] adj + prep (emotionally attached to)源自于...的；来源于...的；发源于...的rope [sth] vtr (fasten with a rope)用绳子绑；用绳子捆The sailor roped the box containing the food supplies to the mast, so that it wouldn't be washed overboard.水手用绳子将装有食物的箱子绑在桅杆上，这样它们就不会被冲到海里去了。rope [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep figurative (involve [sb] in [sth])拉…参加rope [sb] into doing [sth] v expr figurative (involve [sb] in doing)拉某人做某事Gareth roped Mike into going rock climbing with him.I've been roped into helping out at the school fete.roquet [sth] vtr (croquet: bump opponent's ball) (槌球)用自己的球去击ross [sth] vtr US (remove rough exterior tree bark) (树)去除…的粗糙外皮rotate [sth] vtr (turn)使转动；使旋转Rotate the chicken once during cooking.rouge [sth] vtr (apply blusher to) (化妆)上腮红, 搽胭脂I rouge my cheeks to give my face some color.rough [sth] vtr (sketch an outline)草拟；勾画出…大纲Let me see if I can rough something together for you.rough approximation of [sth] n ([sth] close but not identical)近似于…之物I can only give you a rough approximation of the damage at this point.rough-cut [sth] vtr (cut quickly)粗切roughcast [sth] vtr (apply roughcast to)涂粗灰泥roughen [sth] vtr (make rough)使…粗糙；使…不平整Hard manual labor had roughened Bob's skin.round [sth] vtr (make less pointy) (尖角等)将...修圆；使…圆滑She rounded the corners of the table to make it less dangerous.round [sth] vtr (turn: a bend or corner)绕过；过弯The sports car rounded the corner quickly.round [sth] vtr (math: increase or decrease number) (数学)取整；四舍五入Round your answer to the nearest whole number.rouse [sb] to [sth] vtr (provoke, incite)激起；挑起；激怒His references to mine closures roused anger in the crowd.rouse [sth] vtr (stir, stimulate)唤起；激发The news story roused sympathy for the family.rout [sb/sth] vtr (military: defeat decisively)使…惨败；打垮；击溃Wellington's army routed the French at the Battle of Waterloo.rout [sb/sth] vtr (military: disperse, cause to retreat)击溃；打垮The general successfully routed the enemy and won the war.；rout [sb/sth] vtr (cause to flee or take flight)驱散；打散The gunshot routed a flock of birds.rout in [sth] vi + prep (rummage in [sth])在…翻找；在…搜寻The homeless man was routing in bins for something to eat.rout [sth] vtr (cut grooves in)在…刨槽；给...刳刨The carpenter routed the board along each edge.route [sth] vtr (set path of travel)为…安排路线，给…规定路线The police routed the cars along an alternative road to avoid the accident site.警察让汽车沿着另一条道路行驶，以避开事故现场。route [sth] vtr (mail, network: send, direct) (邮件、信息等)使…按某线路发送This protocol determines how the system routes the data.该协议规定了系统如何按特定路线传输数据。route to [sth] n figurative (way to achieve [sth]) (达成某事的)途径，道路The route to success is hard work.routinize [sth], also UK: routinise [sth] vtr (make [sth] a regular occurrence)使…成为惯例row, row of [sth] n (things in a line)一排；一行I like to plant straight rows of daffodils.我喜欢种植一排排整齐的水仙。row [sth] vtr (boat: propel using oars)用桨划（船）The cox does not row the boat, but commands the crew.舵手不划船，但是会向船员发号施令。rowel [sth] vtr (goad using a rowel)用靴刺轮促使马（前进）rub [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (spread on surface)把…抹在…上，把…擦在…上Jack rubbed some suntan lotion on his arms.杰克把防晒油抹在手臂上。rub on [sth] vi + prep (shoes etc: hurt) (鞋等)磨, 蹭Helen's shoes were too tight and they rubbed on her feet.海伦的鞋子太紧了，会磨脚。rub [sth] vtr (spread with pressure)涂开；涂；擦Rub some oil around the bowl, so the dough doesn't stick. Rub the lotion into your skin.将化妆水在皮肤上涂开。在碗壁涂一些油，这样面团才不会粘住。rub [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (mix fat into dry ingredients)把（油脂等）擦揉进Rub the butter into the flour until it resembles breadcrumbs, then add the water.把黄油揉进面粉内，直至其看起来像面包糠一样，然后再加入水。rub [sth] vtr (apply pressure with movement)揉搓；按摩Nina rubbed her sore foot.妮娜按摩着自己疼痛的脚。rub [sth] vtr (move with pressure)蹭；搓George rubbed his hand along the cat's back.乔治用手搓猫的背。rub [sth] vtr (shoes, etc.: hurt) (鞋子)磨（脚）Alison's shoes are rubbing her feet.艾莉森的鞋子在磨她的脚。rub [sth] away, rub away [sth] vtr + adv (erase by rubbing)擦掉rub [sb/sth] down with [sth] v expr (rub thoroughly with [sth])用…擦遍rub [sth] off, rub off [sth] vtr + adv (remove, wipe away)擦掉；擦除The teacher took the board rubber and rubbed off what she had written.老师拿起黑板擦，把她写的都擦了。rub [sth] off [sth/sb] vtr + prep (remove by wiping)擦掉…上的；将...从...上擦除He rubbed the specks of mud off his shoe.他将鞋上的泥渍擦除。rub [sb]'s nose in [sth] v expr figurative, informal (tease someone persistently about)揭...的伤疤；调侃...所犯错误rubber-stamp [sth] vtr (mark with rubber stamp)盖公章rubber-stamp [sth] vtr figurative (approve automatically) (未加思考)盖章批准；正式通过rubberize [sth], also UK: rubberise [sth] vtr (treat [sth] with rubber)给…涂上橡胶；用橡胶处理be rubbish at [sth] v expr UK, figurative, pejorative, informal (be bad at [sth]) (非正式用语)对...蹩脚的；对...一窍不通的I'm rubbish at DIY!我的动手能力特别差！rubbish [sth/sb] vtr UK, informal (disparage)贬低；轻视；蔑视Neil is always rubbishing his colleagues.尼尔总是贬低自己的同事。ruck [sth] vtr (fabric: rumple)弄皱If you don't fold your clothes properly, you will ruck them.rue [sth] vtr literary (regret, lament)懊恼；懊悔You'll rue your decision to leave her.rue [sth] vtr literary (feel sorry about)为…感到沮丧；为…感到难过I rue the day I met them.ruff [sth] vtr (cards: trump) (纸牌)用王牌赢Pete ruffed my ten of clubs and took the trick.ruffle [sth] vtr (rumple)把…弄皱；弄乱I hate it when you ruffle my hair.ruggedize [sth], also UK: ruggedise [sth] vtr mainly US (make to protect against shock, etc.)加固ruin [sth] vtr (thing: destroy)毁坏；毁损；毁He ruined his computer by spilling coffee on it.他把咖啡泼到电脑上，把电脑给毁了。ruin [sth] vtr figurative (mood: destroy)伤害...的感情, 使...颓废； (指心情等)摧毁Her vicious remarks ruined my evening.因为他的恶言相向，我一整晚都没过好。ruin [sth/sb] vtr (bankrupt)让...破产The business was ruined by the bad economy.经济不景气造成那家企业破产。ruin [sth] vtr (cause downfall of) (某人的前途等)破坏She ruined his political career when she told of their affair.透露恋情毁了她的政治生涯。rule [sth] vtr (govern, as a sovereign)统治；治理Catherine ruled Russia.凯瑟琳曾统治俄国。rule [sth] vtr (maintain discipline over)统治；控制；管理The king ruled the provinces with an iron fist.国王用铁腕政策掌控各地。rule [sth], rule that vtr (decree)判决；裁决The queen ruled that everyone must bow to her.rule [sth] vtr (make a line on paper) (用尺)在…上画直线You can use a ruler to help you rule lines on a piece of paper.你可以使用尺子在纸上画直线。rule [sth] vtr (print guiding lines on paper)在...上印线；给...印参考线The printer ruled the paper.rule over [sth/sb] vi + prep (govern)支配；统治rumble [sth] vtr slang (discover, uncover)发觉；发现The boss rumbled Daisy's sideline in selling the office equipment when she spotted one of the company laptops on an online auction site.ruminate on [sth] vi + prep figurative (person: think about)认真思考；沉思The manager ruminated on how to fire people humanely.rumor [sth], rumor that [sth] (US), rumour [sth], rumour that [sth] (UK) vtr usually passive (spread by rumor)据传It is rumoured that a new housing development will be built on the outskirts of town next year.rumor to do [sth] (US), rumour to do [sth] (UK) v expr usually passive (report by rumor)据传要做某事The actor is rumoured to be in talks with that major studio.rumor [sb] into [sth] (US), rumour [sb] into [sth] (UK) vtr + prep often passive (pressure by rumors)某人因谣言压力陷入The politician was rumoured into resigning.rumored to do [sth] (US), rumoured to do [sth] (UK) expr (believed, reported)据传，据说The company is rumored to be launching a new smartphone later this year.rumple [sth] vtr (crease, crumple)弄皱；弄乱；使…起褶Henry rumpled the paper and threw it in the trashcan.run [sth] vtr (cover a distance) (距离)跑了He runs three miles every morning.他每天早上都会跑三英里。run [sth] vtr (operate a machine) (机械等)操作；操控Do you know how to run a gas generator?你知道如何操作汽油发电机吗？run [sth] vtr (maintain)维修；维护It costs more and more to run this car each year.这辆车每年的养护费用越来越多了。run [sth] vtr (maintain a business)经营；运作Gina runs a gluten-free bakery in California.吉娜在加利福尼亚州经营一家无麸质面包店。run [sth] vtr (process) (计算机程序等)进行（运算），执行，处理Let's run the numbers and see if it will work.The computer seems to be running the program without a problem.咱们来算算数字，看能不能奏效。电脑可以运行这项程序，似乎没有问题。run [sth] vtr (conduct)开展；举行We could run an experiment.我们应该进行实验。run to [sth] vi + prep (make a quick trip to)马上去；前往We're out of milk; I'll just run to the shops and get some more.run [sth] vtr (livestock: make run)把…赶进饲养场；把…圈进牧场It's time to run the cattle to their new pasture.run [sth] vtr (errand)处理...事；办...事I have a few errands to run.run [sth] vtr (chase)追捕；追逐The dogs were running a fox.run [sth] vtr (make compete)使…参加比赛He runs greyhounds on the weekends.run [sb] [sth] vtr (cost)让...花费；让... 支出That new roof could run you several thousand.run [sth] vtr (follow)遵循；循着We should just let events run their course.run [sth] vtr (extend)铺设；架设They ran a telegraph cable under the Atlantic.run [sth] vtr (traverse) (山脉等)穿越, 穿过；贯穿The mountain range runs over half the country.run [sth] vtr (act unsupervised)管理；经营；监管She is quite capable of running the whole firm alone.run [sth] vtr (cause to ply a route) (车船等)使...定时往返；开通...路线They should run a bus to this town.run [sth] vtr (convey)把…送到；捎带Can you run this letter to the post office?run [sth] vtr (pass quickly)快速捋过；快速通过She ran a brush through her hair.Rob ran a hand through his thick, dark hair.run [sth] vtr (get past)闯过The police stopped him for running a red light.run [sth] vtr (smuggle)偷运；走私They used to run alcohol across the border during Prohibition.run [sth] vtr (print, publish)刊印，刊登，刊载All the papers are running the story about the political scandal this morning.This magazine runs a lot of ads for cars.run [sth] vtr (manage)管理；经营Helen is the one who really runs the office.run [sth] vtr (expose yourself to danger)冒…风险；使…处于危险中We don't want to run the risk of being sued.run [sth] vtr (let liquid flow)给...接洗澡水Let me run you a bath.run [sth] vtr (accumulate a debt) (债务等)积累，积欠He runs a tab at the local bar.This business has been running a large overdraft for the last year.run [sth] vtr (add to an account)将...记入账上；将...挂账Can you run it to my tab?run [sth] over [sth], run [sth] across [sth] vtr + prep (glide over)用…滑过…She ran her fingers over the fine silk.她用手指摩挲着这匹精致的丝绸。run over [sth], run across [sth] vi + prep (glide over)滑过…Larry let his fingers run across the tactile surface of the sculpture.拉里用手指抚摸着雕塑的表面。run afoul of [sth/sb], fall afoul of [sth/sb] v expr (come into conflict with)与...冲突；违背Tim's plans to build a garden shed fell afoul of regulations.run counter to [sth] v expr (go against [sth])违反；与...背道而驰Cheating on an exam runs counter to what my parents told me was the right thing to do.run into [sth/sb] vi + prep (collide with, crash into)撞上；撞到According to the report, the bus ran into the wall at a high speed.Two cars ran into each other this morning.报道称，那辆公交汽车以极快的速度撞到了墙上。今晨发生了两车相撞的事故。run [sth] into the ground v expr figurative (use until worn out)用到报废；将...用尽run low on [sth] v expr informal (have little left of [sth])快没有...了；...所剩不多了；...越来越少了I hope we find a gas station soon, as this car is running low on fuel.run [sb] off [sth] vtr + prep US, informal (chase away)将…从…驱散The protesters were run off the property by the police.警察将抗议人员从房子里驱散。run off [sth] vi + prep (flow from)从…流出来Rainwater will run off a slanted roof.雨水会从倾斜的屋顶流下来。run on [sth] vi + prep (use for fuel)以…为燃料This truck runs on diesel.这辆卡车使用柴油。run short of [sth], run short on [sth] v expr (have few left)…短缺，…快用完了run smack into [sb/sth] v expr informal (bump into)与...相撞The bank robber ran smack into a policemen as he was fleeing the bank.run the gamut of [sth] v expr (extend over the whole range of)将..都囊括进来run the gauntlet of [sth] v expr figurative (go through difficult trials)受严峻考验run the risk of doing [sth], run a risk of doing [sth] v expr (expose yourself to the danger of)冒...的风险；承担...的风险You run the risk of becoming dehydrated if you don't drink enough liquids.run [sth] up [sth] vtr + prep (flag, banner: raise on pole) (旗帜、横幅等)将…挂上；将…升到…上The Boy Scouts are running the flag up the pole.男童子军正在将旗帜升到旗杆顶上。run your eye over [sth], cast your eye over [sth], cast an eye over [sth] v expr informal (glance at briefly, examine hastily)粗眼一看；快速浏览rupture [sth] vtr (break open) (体内组织等)使裂开, 使破裂Be careful or you'll rupture the wound.rush at [sb/sth] vi + prep (charge, run at [sb/sth])冲向, 扑向The bull suddenly rushed at the farmer.公牛突然冲向了农夫。rush [sb/sth] vtr (transport with haste)快速运送The paramedics rushed Fred to the hospital.rush [sth] vtr (hurry)匆忙做；草率作出I rushed my decision, and later regretted it.rush [sb/sth] vtr (charge)突袭；冲向；向…猛冲The army rushed the enemy.rush through [sth] vi + prep (hurry through a place)快速通过，快速穿过Ron rushed through the school to get to his class in time.rush [sth] through, rush through [sth] vi + prep (hurry to complete [sth])匆忙做完，仓促完成Helen rushed through her homework.rusticate [sth/sb] vtr (make countrified)使...在乡村生活；使...乡村化rustle [sth] vtr (cause to make crackling sound)使发出沙沙声；使窸窣作响"Would you like a mint?" Jodie asked me, rustling the paper bag.rustle [sth] vtr (steal: cattle)偷（家畜、牲口）The criminal would rustle cattle and sell them across state lines.rustproof [sth] vtr (make [sth] rustproof)给...做防锈处理Rx [sth] vtr US, abbreviation (take)接收备注: Used in directions on prescriptions.sabotage [sth] vtr (undermine, obstruct)破坏, 毁坏；阻碍, 妨碍Please don't sabotage my plans like you did last time!sack [sth] vtr (plunder)洗劫；劫掠The invading army sacked the town.侵略军洗劫了整个小镇。sack of [sth], sackful n (amount contained in a sack)一麻袋；一大袋This recipe calls for a whole sack of potatoes.sacrifice [sth] vtr (religion: animal)献祭The high priest sacrificed a goat.大祭司献祭了一头山羊。sacrifice [sth] vtr (give [sth] up for gain)牺牲Sarah sacrificed her weekends to study for her exams.莎拉牺牲了周末来复习考试。sacrifice [sth] vtr (suffer for sake of [sth] else)牺牲Brian sacrificed his career to care for his elderly parents.布莱恩为了照顾年迈的父母牺牲了自己的事业。sadden [sb] to do [sth] v expr (make sad)使悲伤It saddens me to see you so miserable.saddle [sth] vtr (put saddle on: horse)装以马鞍Adrian saddled his horse.亚德里安给马装上马鞍。saddle [sb] with [sth], saddle [sb] with [sb] vtr + prep figurative, informal, often passive (burden)使担负重担I've been saddled with my little sister all weekend.整个周末，我都使自己的妹妹担负重担。safe to say [sth], safe to say that adj informal (true or likely to become true)可以肯定地说It's safe to say that most children love pizza.safeguard [sth] vtr (protect)保护；维护The constitution safeguards our rights.sail [sth] vtr (manoeuvre a ship)驾（船），驶（船）The captain sailed the ship safely into harbour.船长将船只安全地驶入海港。sail [sth] vtr (travel over [sth])在...航行；跨越……The young yachtswoman sailed the English Channel.那名年轻的女帆船运动员横跨了英吉利海峡。sallow [sth] vtr (skin: make yellowish)使…变成灰黄色The disease had sallowed Kevin's complexion.salt [sth] vtr (add salt to)给…放盐；给…加盐；用盐腌He salted his steak.他往牛排里加了盐。salt [sth] vtr (cure)用盐腌制That producer salts the best hams around.salt [sth] vtr slang, figurative (introduce fraudulently) (用仿冒品)冒充They salted the mine with gold nuggets to swindle potential investors.salt [sth] vtr (grit roads) (用于道路防滑)在...上撒盐The truck is salting the roads in anticipation of snow tonight.salute [sb/sth] vtr figurative (respect, commend)向...致敬；赞扬；颂扬What you've done is amazing; I salute you!salvage [sth] vtr (from ship)从（沉船上）打捞Divers salvaged some of the cargo from the wreck.潜水员从沉船中打捞起了部分货物。salvage [sth] vtr (things: save what has value) (财物等)抢救Henry was able to salvage his rare stamp collection before the fire spread throughout the house.亨利得以在火焰席卷整栋房子前，抢救出了自己那套珍稀邮票。salvage [sth] vtr figurative (negotiations) (谈判等)挽救，挽回The talks had broken down and it wasn't easy to salvage them.谈判已经破裂，要挽回并非易事。salvage [sth] vtr figurative (save from bad situation)挽救；挽回The breakup of their relationship was acrimonious, but at least Michelle managed to salvage her self-respect.salve [sth] vtr (assuage, appease: conscience)使良心得到宽慰Richard felt bad about buying a gas-guzzling car, but salved his conscience by thinking about the solar panels he had recently had installed on his roof.sample [sth] vtr (take a specimen)从…抽取样本They sampled the pond at five different depths of water.sample [sth] vtr (test a specimen)尝试；品尝He sampled the food, but didn't buy anything.sanctify [sth] vtr (make sacred)使…神圣；将...封圣sand [sth] vtr (polish with sand)用砂纸打磨She sanded the table until the varnish was gone.她用砂纸打磨桌子，将上面的清漆去掉。sand [sth] vtr (spread sand)铺沙子于The landscaper sanded part of the garden.园艺师在花园的部分地方铺上沙子。sand [sth] vtr (add sand to)撒沙子于They sanded the stage for the tap dancers.为了踢踏舞演员表演。他们在舞台上撒上沙子，sand [sth] vtr (fill with sand)用沙子填充They sanded the island's artificial shores to make beaches.他们在该岛的人工海滩上铺上沙子，将其打造为沙滩。sandbag [sth] vtr (protect with sandbags)用沙袋封堵sandblast [sth] vtr (use a sandblaster on)对…进行喷砂Martha sandblasted some old furniture and sold it for a high price.sandbox [sth] vtr (software: run in restricted environment)在沙盒模式下运行sandpaper [sth] vtr (rub with sandpaper)用砂纸打磨Thomas sandpapered the wood until it was smooth.sandwich [sb/sth] between [sb/sth] vtr + prep figurative, often passive (surround)把…夹在…中间I was sandwiched between two sumo wrestlers on that flight! The host sandwiched me between two bankers at the dinner table and they just kept talking across me about investments.那次飞行途中，我被夹在两个相扑运动员中间！晚餐桌上，主人将我安排在两名银行家中间，那两个人一直越过我大谈投资。sanitize [sth], also UK: sanitise [sth] vtr (make hygienic, clean)使清洁；使卫生；消毒Hospital staff sanitize the waiting areas every 6 hours.sanitize [sth], also UK: sanitise [sth] vtr figurative (make less offensive) (比喻)删除…中的不当内容，净化The album is a collection of songs that have been sanitized for kids.sap [sth] vtr (tree: extract fluid)使排出液汁Jane sapped the log.简榨出树汁。sap [sth] vtr figurative (strength, will: deplete)消耗（精力等）；使衰竭Philip's boring job was sapping his enthusiasm.菲利普无聊的工作正消耗着他的热情。sap [sth/sb] vtr (hit [sth/sb] with a sap)用警棍打；用短棒打；sate [sth] vtr formal (satisfy: an appetite)使...饱足Jeremy sated his appetite for sailing by joining the local yacht club.satiate [sb/sth] vtr (satisfy: an appetite)使…吃饱；使…饱足；喂饱satirize [sth/sb], also UK: satirise [sth/sb] vtr (mock, ridicule)讽刺；讥讽The play satirizes modern politics.satisfied with [sth] adj + prep (content with [sth])对…满意Rob was satisfied with his grade for the assignment.洛博对自己作业的得分很满意。satisfy [sth] vtr (desire) (欲望等)满足Nancy drank the water until she had satisfied her thirst.南希喝水一直喝到解渴为止。satisfy [sth] vtr (requirement) (要求、标准等)符合The panel checked that the candidate satisfied the conditions for applying for the job.小组进行了检查，看候选人是否符合应聘条件。satisfy [sb] of [sth] vtr + prep (relieve [sb] of doubt)消除…对…的疑虑The defendant satisfied the jury of his innocence.被告人消除了陪审团对他的疑虑。satisfy the requirements of [sth/sb] v expr (fulfil needs, expectations)满足要求This cheap computer will satisfy the requirements of most pensioners.saturate [sth] vtr (soak completely)浸透After walking in the rain, my shoes were saturated.saturate [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (soak with [sth])浸透；浸湿Saturate the pieces of bread with milk.saturate [sth] vtr figurative (fill to capacity)饱和The cup was already saturated.saturate [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep figurative (fill with [sth])充满；饱和Dan saturated the bucket with soapy water.saturate [sth] vtr (market: supply fully)使…充斥市场Foreign manufacturers have begun to saturate the local markets.saturate [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (market: supply fully with [sth]) (市场)使…充斥在The company quickly saturated the market with their new products.saturate [sth] vtr (electronics: maximum current) (光电管)使…处于饱和状态saturate [sth] vtr (military: maximum bombing)对…进行彻底轰炸The air force's incendiary bombs saturated the area before the foot soldiers began their advance.sauté [sth] vtr French (pan fry)煎；炒Jessica sautéed some chicken and broccoli for dinner.savage [sb/sth] vtr (attack brutally)凶猛攻击The lion savaged the wildebeest.狮子对角马发起了凶猛攻击。savage [sth], savage [sb] vtr figurative (attack: with words)激烈抨击The critics savaged the director's latest film.save [sth] vtr (rescue)解救；拯救；拯救The search party saved ten people.搜救队救出了十人。save [sth] vtr (put aside: money)存钱；攒钱Ian is trying to save money for a new car.兰在努力存钱，想买辆新车。save [sth] vtr (keep, hold)留着；存着；保留Rachel wants to save the best for last.雷切尔想把最好的留到最后。save [sth] vtr (computer file: copy) (计算机)保存I always save my work before I log off from the computer.每次注销电脑前，我都会保存我的文件。save [sth] vtr (time, effort, etc.: reduce) (时间)节省, 节约, 省下Our new process saves time.我们的新程序节省了时间。save [sth] vtr (money: gain) (金钱等)节省Buying this week will save you fifty dollars.save [sb] [sth] vtr (remove need)减少；避免A dishwasher will save you a lot of work.save [sth] vtr (strength: conserve) (精力)节省；保存The runner saved her strength until the end of the race.save [sth] vtr informal (do not waste)不浪费, 省着Save your breath!save [sth] vtr (sports: win) (体育比赛)挽救, 挽回He saved the game with his goal.save [sth] vtr (sports: prevent scoring) (体育比赛)扑救The striker took a shot on goal but the keeper saved the ball.save [sb] from [sth] v expr (rescue [sb] from [sth])将…从…救出The lifeguard saved the boy from drowning.savor [sth] (US), savour [sth] (UK) vtr (enjoy the taste of)品尝；品味Eat the chocolate slowly so you can savor it.savor [sth] (US), savour [sth] (UK) vtr figurative (enjoy fully)尽情享受；畅享You won't live forever, so savor your time together.人生苦短，要珍惜你们在一起的时光。savvy [sth] vtr informal (understand, know)懂；了解；知晓Wendy didn't savvy their ways and was having trouble fitting in.温蒂不了解那些人待人处事的方式，所以很难融入进去。saw [sth/sb] vtr (cut with a saw)锯The carpenter sawed the plank to the right size. The magician sawed his assistant in half.木匠把木板锯成合适的尺寸。魔术师把助手锯成了两半。saw [sth] vtr figurative (move as if to cut with a saw)拉锯般来回移动He sawed the air with his hand.他将手放在空中，拉锯般来回移动。say [sth] vtr (utter)讲；说Dexter said, "I'm hungry." He said the book was blue.德克斯特说：“我饿了。” 他说那本书是蓝的。say [sth] vtr (give an opinion) (见解)表达, 表述I say it's a bad idea.依我说，这主意不好。say [sth] vtr (order)指示；叫，说；命令Mom says stop arguing or you'll be grounded.妈妈叫你不要再吵了，否则就罚你不准出门。say [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (utter to)对某人说Rahul, say sorry to your brother.拉胡尔，快对弟弟道歉。say to do [sth] vtr + prep (order to)说做某事，让做某事Dad says to come and eat dinner right now.爸爸让我现在就过来吃晚饭。say [sth] vtr (recite: [sth] learned)背诵；念Jimmy can say his ABCs.say [sth] vtr (suppose)假定；姑且说Let's say that he's right.say [sth] vtr (affirm)宣称；断言She is said to be the best painter of her generation.say [sth] vtr (indicate)显示；标示The thermometer says that it's seventy degrees.say [sth] vtr (recite: a prayer) (祷告)念The children said a prayer for their parents.say [sth] vtr (conduct: a mass) (天主教)做弥撒The priest said the Mass on Sunday.say farewell to [sth] v expr figurative (accept loss of [sth]) (对失去某物表示接受)道别, 告别say goodbye to [sth], say good-bye to [sth] v expr figurative (no longer have [sth])与...告别，和...说再见say no to [sth/sb] v expr (refuse)拒绝；对…说不I'm going to have to say no to another piece of cake.say nothing of [sth] v expr (not mention)更别提；不用说She said nothing of her upcoming surgery for fear her family would worry. You don't need to thank me - say nothing of it!say [sth] out loud v expr (utter in an audible voice)大声说出say sorry to [sb] for [sth] v expr (apologize to [sb] for [sth] done)为某事向某人道歉say to yourself [sth], say [sth] to yourself v expr (think)暗暗想道；心里想I said to myself, “No, that can't be right – I'd better start again from the beginning.”say yes to [sth] v expr (consent to [sth])同意scald [sb/sth] vtr (burn with hot liquid)烫伤The boiling water splashed and scalded Mara's hand.scald [sth] vtr (liquid: heat quickly) (液体)快速加热近沸腾Scald the milk before adding it to the mixture.scale [sth] vtr (climb: fence, mountain)越过；爬过The boys scaled the fence.男孩子们爬过了栅栏。scale [sth] vtr (adjust dimensions)调整…的尺寸；改变…的大小He scaled the model to one tenth of the final size.他把模型的尺寸调整成了实际大小的十分之一。scale [sth] vtr (remove scales from: a fish)给…刮鳞The fisherman scaled the fish he caught.scale [sth] vtr (remove plaque from: teeth)为…去牙垢The dentist scaled the patient's teeth.scale [sth] vtr (form scale on)在…上面形成一层片状沉淀物；在…上形成水垢Calcium scaled the bathtub.scale up [sth], scale [sth] up vtr + adv (increase in size)增大scallop [sth] vtr (shape like a scallop)切成扇形；使成扇形The dressmaker scalloped the edge of the skirt.scallop [sth] vtr (meat: slice thinly)将…切成薄肉片Scallop the veal with a sharp knife.scalp [sth] vtr slang (resell, tickets)转手倒卖People who scalp tickets can make a lot of money on them.scan [sth] vtr (text, etc.: look over rapidly)浏览；快速查阅Jane scanned the document, checking for errors.她浏览了一遍文件，检查有没有错误。scan [sth] vtr (examine visually)扫视Alison scanned the auditorium, trying to see if her friend was there.Paul scanned Daniel's face, trying to determine if he was serious or not.艾莉森扫视整个礼堂，寻找自己的朋友。保罗扫视着丹尼尔的脸，想知道他是不是认真的。scan [sth] vtr (document: put through scanner) (文件等)扫描Andy scanned the pages he wanted from the book.安迪将书中自己想要的页面扫描下来。scan [sth] vtr (medicine: examine [sth] by machine) (医疗)扫描The MRI machine scanned Leo's brain but found no tumors.核磁共振机扫描了莱奥的大脑，但没有发现任何肿瘤。scan [sth] vtr (analyze: verse) (诗歌)分析...韵律The teacher asked her class to scan the poem.老师要求课堂分析那首诗的韵律。scar [sb/sth] vtr (cause a scar)给...留下疤痕The bullet scarred Laura's leg.子弹给劳拉的腿留下了疤痕。scarcity of [sth] n (shortage, lack)缺乏；不足Local stores reported a scarcity of bottled water.本地商店缺乏瓶装水。be scared of [sth/sb] v expr (have a fear of)使害怕；使恐惧Magali was scared of fireworks.玛佳丽害怕烟火。scarf [sth] vtr slang (eat rapidly)狼吞虎咽地吃；饕餮Judging by the way the dog scarfed his food, he must have been starving.从那只狗狼吞虎咽的样子来判断，他一定是饿坏了。scarf [sth] vtr (wood, metal pieces: join) (木头、金属件)嵌接The carpenter scarfed the joints.木匠将接头衔接在一起。scarf [sth] vtr (cut: whale blubber)切割scarify [sth] vtr (earth: break up)翻松...scathe [sth/sb] vtr rare, figurative (criticize harshly)严厉地批评, 尖刻地痛斥The critic scathed the play, causing it to flop.scatter [sth] across [sth], scatter [sth] over [sth], scatter [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (sprinkle, strew)将…撒在；将…撒落在…I scattered a few rose petals across her pillow while she was in the bathroom.她在浴室的时候，我在她的枕头上撒了一些玫瑰花瓣。scatter [sth] vtr (group of people: disperse)驱散；使…四散The police scattered the crowd.警察驱散了聚集的人群。scatter across [sth] vi + prep (people: disperse over area) (人)散落到…，四散到…Neanderthals gradually scattered across virtually the whole of Europe.尼安德特人逐渐四散分部到整个欧洲。a scattering of [sth] n (small amount)零零星星；分散的少量东西There was a scattering of houses here and there across the rural area.scavenge [sth] vtr (search for and collect) (从丢弃物中)搜寻Lewis scavenged the sofa from the city dump.scent [sth] vtr (track [sth] by smell)嗅到The lioness scented her prey.scent [sth] vtr figurative (sense, detect [sth])察觉到；觉察到Mark saw one of the two men secretly give money to the other, and scented something shady going on.scent [sth] vtr (make [sth] fragrant)使…充满香味The smell of freshly baked bread scented the room.schedule [sth] vtr (make an appointment)计划, 安排Would you like to schedule an appointment?你想安排一次约见吗？schedule [sth] vtr (set a timetable)把…列入时间表；计划The director scheduled the events throughout the day.导演把整天的计划都列入时间表。schematize [sth], also UK: schematise [sth] vtr (organize, systematize [sth])使系统化scheme [sth] vtr (contrive)密谋；策划After his best friend's death, Achilles schemed his revenge against Hector.最好的朋友死后，阿咯琉斯开始密谋报复赫克托耳。；school [sth] vtr (horse: train) (马)训练, 驯The rider is schooling her horse to perform jumps.a scintilla of [sth] n (speck, miniscule amount)细微的痕迹；微量The lawyer argued that there was not a scintilla of truth in the accusations against his client.scissor [sth] vtr US (clip, cut)剪；剪下；剪断Jamie sat at the table, scissoring a piece of paper.scoff at [sth/sb] vi + prep (mock, deride)嘲笑They scoffed at my proposal to improve the school.scoff [sth] vtr UK, slang (eat greedily)狼吞虎咽；大口吃；贪婪地吃；饕餮We scoffed dinner and headed for the match.scoop [sth] vtr (remove with a scoop) (用勺子)舀，挖Karen scooped the ice cream from the container into a bowl.凯伦用勺子将冰淇淋从容器里舀到碗里。scoop [sth] vtr figurative, informal (prize: win) (奖项，奖品)赢得Jessica Chastain scooped the award for Best Actress in 2022.杰西卡·查斯坦获得了2022年最佳女演员奖。scoop [sb/sth] vtr informal (news: publish first) (新闻)抢先报导The news site scooped all its rivals with the sensational story.那家新闻网站抢在所有对手前面，首先报道了这条大新闻。scoop [sth] out vtr + adv (remove, take out)舀出She scooped out some ice cream.scoop [sth] out vtr + adv (empty of [sth])清空She scooped out all the ice cream from the carton.scoop [sth/sb] up vtr + adv (lift, pick up)铲起Dog owners should scoop up their dog's mess and put it in the bin.狗主人应该把狗的粪便捡起来，扔进垃圾箱。scope [sth] vtr (look around)扫视；四处观察She scoped the restaurant to find the best table.scorch [sth/sb] vtr (burn)把…烧焦；把…烤焦The bottom of the pan got scorched in the fire.score [sth] vtr (earn points) (体育比赛)得（分）； (考试)得（分）With each basket you score two points for your team.每投进一个球，你就能为自己的队伍得两分。score [sth] vtr (make scratch, groove in)刮；划伤Furious at seeing yet another badly parked car, Eugene ran his keys along the side of it and scored the paintwork.看到又一辆乱停乱放的车，尤金愤怒不已，用自己的钥匙把那辆车的漆刮了一道。score [sth] vtr (music: orchestrate)把…谱成管弦乐曲Ravel scored Mussorgsky's "Pictures at an Exhibition."score [sth] vtr (test: mark)为…判分；给…打分The teacher scored the multiple-choice exams.score [sth] vtr (music: compose)给…配乐He scored the last three movements very quickly.score [sth] vtr (food: cut ridges in) (烹饪)在…划长形切口Score the Brussels sprout base for faster cooking time.score [sth] vtr (tally up) (分数等)计；总计Father scored the points for the last round of rummy.score [sth] vtr (gain, win)赢得；获得They scored seven wins last season.score [sth] vtr (crease using a blade)在...上压出折痕；在…刻痕It is easier to fold the paper if you score it first.scores of [sth] adj figurative (many: people, etc.)许多；很多；大量There were scores of people at the shopping mall on Christmas Eve.scorn [sth] vtr (reject help, offer) (帮助等)轻蔑地拒绝；不屑（接受）Edward scorned Carol's offer of help.卡罗尔提出帮忙，爱德华却不屑一顾。scotch [sth] vtr (rumor, etc.: end) (谣言等)终止；平息Clara scotched the gossip about her.scotch [sth] vtr (use a wedge)用垫木防止…转动scotch [sth] vtr archaic (wound, maim)使…受伤Scotch tape [sth], scotch tape [sth] vtr uncountable, ® (repair or attach with Scotch tape)用透明胶带粘...scour [sth] vtr (scrub clean)擦洗；擦净；擦亮Scour the sink to see if you can get those stains out.scour [sth] vtr figurative (search all over) (仔细地)搜查, 搜索, 四处翻找We scoured the neighbourhood, but couldn't find the dog.scour [sth] for [sth/sb] vtr + prep figurative (search all over)四处搜查某处寻找The police scoured the forest for the suspect, but they could not find him.scout [sth] out, scout out [sth] vtr + adv (search and discover [sth])寻找；搜索scowl [sth] vtr (say angrily)以怒容表示；愤怒说道"Leave me in peace!" he scowled.他愤怒地说：“快走开！”scrabble at [sth] vi + prep (claw at)在…上乱扒；在…上乱抓The man scrabbled at the wall of the well, trying to find a way to climb out.scramble [sth] vtr (eggs: whisk during cooking) (鸡蛋)翻炒，碎炒Tina cracked the eggs into the pan and scrambled them.缇娜往锅里打了几个鸡蛋，翻炒起来。scramble [sth] vtr (text: encrypt) (只可由特殊接收器者收听)扰频；倒频Peter scrambled the text, in case the document was intercepted.彼得打乱了内容，以防文件被截获。scramble to do [sth] v expr (move hastily)仓促行事；匆忙做某事Daisy saw the tree falling and scrambled to get out of the way.黛西看到树要倒了，匆忙避开到一边。scramble [sth] vtr (fighter aircraft: launch) (对战斗机等)下达紧急起飞的命令The military scrambled three fighter jets to deal with the possible terrorist threat.scrap [sth] vtr figurative, informal (plan: abandon) (计划等)取消This idea is never going to work; let's scrap it and start again.scrap [sth] vtr (junk: discard)废弃；丢弃Ellen scrapped her car as it was too expensive to repair.scrape [sth] vtr (scratch) (损坏表面)划损, 刮坏Carl tried to get into a parking space that was too small and scraped the side of the car.停车位太小，卡尔刮伤了车侧边。scrape [sth] vtr (knee, elbow: graze) (划破皮肤)擦伤, 刮破Anne scraped her elbow when she fell off her bike.安妮从自行车上摔下来，擦伤了手肘。scrape [sth] vtr (move sharp object across [sth])擦；刮Janet scraped the windscreen until it was free of ice.珍妮特刮干净了挡风玻璃上的冰。scrape [sth] vtr (copy website data)从网站复制；从网上下载This tool can be used to scrape data, including HTML code, from a web page.scrape [sth] away, scrape away [sth] vtr + adv (remove by scratching)将…刮除scrape [sth] off, scrape off [sth] vtr + adv (remove by scratching, rubbing)刮掉；擦去You can scrape off the top layer of paint with a nail file to see the original color underneath.scrape [sth] out, scrape out [sth] vtr + adv (empty by scraping)刮掉；擦掉Paul put the knife into the jar and scraped out the last of the peanut butter.scrape [sth] out, scrape out [sth] vtr + adv (extract by scraping)刮出scrape up [sth], scrape [sth] up vtr + adv (pick up using [sth] sharp, flat)拾起，捡起；铲起备注: 尤指尖锐或扁平的物体The gardener used a trowel to scrape up the dog mess he had found on the lawn.scratch [sth] vtr (itch: rub with fingernails) (划破皮肤)擦伤，刮破，抓伤； (以止痒)抓，挠（皮肤）Sally scratched her itchy foot.她的脚痒痒，就挠了挠。scratch [sth] vtr (scrape, leave a mark on) (损坏表面)划破，刮坏；留下刻痕，划下痕迹Helen scratched her car trying to get into a parking space that was too small.海伦停车的时候，车位地方太小，她不小心刮坏了自己的车漆。scratch [sth] vtr figurative, informal (cancel)取消；删去；划掉So, let's meet on Tuesday. Oh, actually, Tuesday's no good, so scratch that; we'll do Wednesday instead.那我们周二见。哦，不对，周二不行，取消刚刚的约定，我们还是周三见吧。scratch [sth], scratch [sth] off, scratch [sth] away vtr (remove by scratching)将…刮去；将…擦掉Rick scratched the label off the jar.里克将标签从罐子上刮去。scratch [sth] out vtr + adv (text: strike)划掉；划去The salesman scratched out the price and wrote a lower one.scratch [sth] out vtr + adv (remove by clawing)用力将…挖出I think that crazy cat was trying to scratch my eyes out!scrawl [sth] vtr (scribble, write carelessly)潦草地写；不工整地写The professor scrawled the topic of the lesson on the blackboard.scream [sth] vtr (yell, shout [sth]) (后接名词)喊叫着说，尖声说出The fans were screaming encouragement from the touchline.粉丝们在边线上喊叫着进行声援。screen [sth] vtr (shield against wind)遮挡；遮蔽He screened his face from the wind with his hands.他用手遮住脸以挡风。screen [sth/sb] vtr figurative (protect)保护；庇佑The mother screened her children from TV violence.screen [sth] vtr (project onto a screen)把...投放在荧幕上The official screened the presentation.screen [sth] vtr (show: a movie) (电影)放映, 播放My local cinema is screening "Casablanca" tonight.screen [sth/sb] vtr (shelter)保护；庇护The man screened the abandoned children from the cold.screen [sth] vtr (cover with mesh)用纱窗遮盖；给...装纱窗We need to screen the windows to keep bugs outside.screen for [sth] vi + prep (test to find [sth])筛查The new technology will make it easier for the hospital's medical teams to screen for breast cancer.screen [sb/sth] for [sth] vtr + prep (test [sb/sth] to find [sth])为...而筛查screenshot [sth], screencap [sth], screengrab [sth], screen grab [sth] vtr (take image of screen)截图；截屏screw [sth] vtr (turn, twist)旋；拧；扭You need to screw it the other way or it won't work.你得换个方式拧它，不然不会奏效。screw [sth] to [sth], screw [sth] into [sth], screw [sth] onto [sth] vtr + prep (fasten) (用螺钉)钉住；固定住He screwed the bookshelves to the wall.他用螺钉把书架固定在墙上。screw [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (contort)把…拧成He screwed his face into an expression of extreme concentration.他把自己的面部表情拧成极度专注的样子。screw [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (crumple)把…弄皱成；把...捏成She screwed the paper into a ball and threw it in the bin.她把纸捏成一团，扔进了垃圾桶里。screw [sth] vtr figurative, informal (extract)榨干；榨出They screwed every last penny out of him.screw [sth] vtr figurative, informal (extort)勒索；敲诈The taxman screws all the profit out of the business.screw [sb] into doing [sth] v expr figurative, informal (coerce)胁迫；威胁They screwed the hostage into giving them the names they wanted.screw [sb/sth] vtr figurative, informal (cheat)利用，欺骗The embezzler had screwed the system.screw [sth] back on v expr (twist back into place)拧回；重新拧上Don't forget to screw the top of the toothpaste tube back on.screw [sth] back on [sth], screw [sth] back onto [sth] v expr (twist back into place)把...拧回...上If you don't screw the top back on the bottle, the ketchup will congeal.screw [sth] off, screw off [sth] vtr + adv (remove by unscrewing)拧下screw [sth] on, screw on [sth] vtr + adv (twist into place)将…拧上；将…拧紧screw [sth] up, screw up [sth] vtr + adv (crumple into ball)把…揉成一团；把…团成一团Marilyn screwed up the piece of paper and threw it in the bin.玛丽琳把那张纸揉成一团，然后将它扔进了垃圾筐。scribble on [sth], scribble in [sth] vi + prep (make marks, doodle)在…上乱画；在…上乱写I scribbled on my notebook while listening to the lecture.我一边听讲，一边在笔记本上乱画。scribble [sth] vtr (write carelessly)潦草地写She scribbled a note and handed it to me.她潦草地写了个纸条递给我。scribe [sth] vtr formal (write down)写下Mrs. Gilmore quickly scribed a note to her daughter.script [sth] vtr (write a play) (为电影、戏剧等)写剧本Jane scripted this play.这部剧的编剧是简。script [sth] vtr figurative (give precise instructions, words)策划；安排；谋划scrounge [sth] from [sb], scrounge [sth] off [sb] vtr + prep informal (beg for, obtain from others)索取Beware of Adam; he's always trying to scrounge money off people.scrub [sth/sb] vtr (rub to clean)擦洗；刷洗；擦净Lucy scrubbed the floor.露西把门擦洗干净了。scrub [sth/sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (rub with [sth] to clean)用...把...擦干净；用...把...抹干净Marc scrubbed his face with a flannel to remove the dirt.马尔克用一块法兰绒布把自己脸上的脏灰擦干净。scrub at [sth] vi + prep (try to clean [sth] by rubbing)擦洗；用力擦Abigail scrubbed at the wall, but the graffiti would not come off.阿比盖尔用力擦墙，但上面的涂鸦就是擦不干净。scrub at [sth] vi + prep (rub [sth] to clean it)擦洗；刷洗Paul scrubbed at the stain on the sofa with a paper towel.保罗用纸巾擦掉了沙发侧面的脏污。scrub [sth] vtr informal (cancel) (口语)取消，废除So, if we could meet on Tuesday. No, hang on, scrub that; let's make it Thursday.scrub [sth] off, scrub off [sth], scrub [sth] away, scrub away [sth] vtr + adv (remove by washing by hand) (用手)擦洗scrump for [sth] vi + prep UK, regional (fruit: steal)偷摘...There was a big orchard near my school and all the kids used to scrump for apples there.scrunch [sth] vtr (crumple)揉皱；弄皱Milly scrunched the letter into a ball and tossed it in the bin.scrutinize [sb/sth], also UK: scrutinise [sb/sth] vtr (examine closely)仔细检查；细看Let's scrutinize these figures and see if they add up.scuff [sth] vtr (scrape)磨损；磨蹭Please be careful not to scuff your new shoes!scull [sth] vtr (row: a boat)划船The fishermen sculled the small boat through the choppy water.sculpt [sth] vtr (shape, carve)雕刻；雕塑The artist sculpted two figures embracing.sculpt [sth] out of [sth], sculpt [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (shape, carve from [sth])从…雕刻出；雕塑Rodin sculpted beautiful figures out of marble.sculpture [sth] vtr (sculpt, carve)在…上雕刻；雕塑He was commissioned to sculpture a bust of the president.他受委托雕刻总统的半身像。sculpture [sth] out of [sth], sculpture [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (sculpt, carve)用…雕刻He sculptured a foot out of marble.他用大理石雕刻出一个脚的形状。sculpture [sth] vtr often passive (shape, define well)形成；塑造Steep valleys were sculptured between the high mountains.高山之间形成了陡峭的山谷。scumble [sth] vtr (artwork: blur or soften) (绘画)使...变柔和暗淡scumble [sth] vtr figurative (blur distinctions)让...模糊scunner at [sth] vi + prep Scot (feel aversion for)对...感到厌恶Everyone scunnered at the idea.scupper [sth] vtr UK, figurative, informal (wreck, ruin) (非正式用语)破坏，毁坏These new developments could scupper any chance of the two nations reaching an agreement.scupper [sth] vtr (ship: sink deliberately)故意使船沉没The captain scuppered the ship rather than hand it over to the pirates.scuttle [sth] vtr (sink ship on purpose)故意使…沉没Having taken everything they wanted from it, the pirates scuttled the ship.scuttle [sth] vtr (cause [sth] to fail on purpose)蓄意破坏John was fired when it was discovered that he had scuttled the project.scythe [sth] vtr (grass, crops: cut)用大镰刀割Janine scythed the long grass.a sea of [sth] n figurative (large quantity)大量；海量The festival crowd was a sea of faces.节日期间，到处人头攒动。seal [sth] vtr (close off)密封；封闭We sealed the leak so the tube could hold air again.我们封住了这根管子漏气的地方，可以再充气了。seal [sth] vtr figurative (assure, confirm)确定；确保； (协议等)使...成定局His fate was sealed when the detective found the gun he used.seal [sth] vtr (make watertight)加涂料使…防水The new layer of concrete sealed all the leaks.seal [sth] vtr (fasten securely)密封；封紧Lick the envelope to seal it.seal [sth] vtr (apply a seal: stamp)盖（章）；盖（印）The king sealed the order with his ring.国王用自己的戒指在国令上盖火漆印。seam [sth] vtr (fabric: stitch together) (织物，布料)缝合，缝上Wendy seamed the sleeves by machine.温蒂用缝纫机缝好了袖子。seam [sth] vtr (metallurgy: join) (冶金学)焊接； (冶金学)接合This machine seams the lid to the tin can.sear [sth] vtr (cookery: char surface of) (烹饪)烧灼, 烤焦The chef seared the tuna on both sides.sear [sth] vtr (burn, scorch)使...烧焦；使...干枯The hot burner seared Krista's hand when she accidentally touched it.search for [sth] vi + prep (look for [sth])寻找；搜寻；查找He is searching for his keys.他在找钥匙。search [sth] vtr (look in, examine)搜查；搜索；搜寻The police searched the building but there was no sign of the kidnapper.警察搜查了大厦，但那里没有绑架者的踪影。search [sth] for [sth/sb] vtr + prep (examine for)在…中仔细搜查Jessica searched her office for her keys.杰西卡在她的办公室中仔细搜寻自己的钥匙。search for [sth] vi + prep (look on internet) (在网上)搜索，查找He searched for the answer online.他在网上搜索答案。search through [sth] vi + prep (look or rummage among)搜遍；查遍I searched through my luggage but couldn't find my passport.season [sth] vtr (add salt, pepper, spice to) (食物)给…加调料They season their food so little that it tastes bland.他们的饭菜中调料加得太少了，淡而无味。season [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (spice with [sth])用…给…调味Gwen seasoned the chicken with salt and pepper.格温用盐和胡椒给鸡肉调味。season [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep figurative (enliven [sth] with [sth])加入…使…生动有趣Although the book's topic was grim, it was seasoned with humor.尽管这本书的主题很残酷，不过穿插的幽默使成文生动有趣。season [sth] vtr (wood, timber: allow to dry) (木头，木材)使…风干，把…晒干The workers seasoned the wood after chopping it.工人在伐木之后，会把木材晒干。season [sth] vtr (pan: treat with oil before use) (锅: 在使用前用油处理)养…，开…It's best to season a cast-iron skillet before using it.铁质煮锅使用前最好用油养一下。seat [sth] vtr (place)放置；安置Hal seated the gun firmly in its case.secede from [sth] vi + prep (withdraw membership) (从某个团体、组织中)从…中脱离，从…中退出The conservative group decided to secede from the Republican Party.seclude [sth/sb] vtr (isolate, shut off)把…隔离开；使…孤立起来The hospital has secluded a number of patients who have possibly contracted the contagious disease.second [sth] vtr (support, agree with) (议会)支持, 赞同, 附议One of the peers has to second the motion.上院议员中必须有一人附议此动议。second helping (of [sth]) n (food: another serving) (食物)第二份，又一份I was so hungry, I had a second helping of stew.second-guess [sb/sth] vtr mainly US (criticize after the fact)事后批评second-guess [sb/sth] vtr (anticipate the actions or intentions of)预测...的行动，推测...的意图be secondary to [sth] v expr (be of lesser importance than [sth])相比…次要的Looks are secondary to a great sense of humor.secrete [sth] vtr (emit, give off)分泌；释放The insect secretes a strong odor when it feels threatened.secrete [sth] vtr (hide, conceal)藏；藏匿；隐藏The dog secreted its bone in a shallow hole.section [sth] vtr (divide)把…切开；把…分开The author sectioned the book into three parts.section [sth] off, section off [sth] vtr + adv (partition)分隔，隔开secularize [sth], also UK: secularise [sth] vtr (make [sth] separate from religion)使与宗教分离；使脱离宗教影响secure [sth], secure [sth] against [sth], secure [sth] from [sth] vtr (fasten)将...缚牢在；将...与...系紧Please secure your seatbelts before takeoff.起飞前请系紧你的安全带。secure [sth] vtr (obtain, procure)获得；弄到The financial officer secured funding for the expansion of the company.secure [sth] vtr (make certain)确保；保证The team has secured their place in the top league.secure [sth] vtr (protect from attack)保护；使安全The high walls around the city secured it from attack.secure [sth] vtr (finance: pledge collateral) (金融)为…做担保They secured the loan with a mortgage on the house.sedate [sb/sth] vtr (tranquilize)给...注射镇静剂The veterinarian will sedate the dog before the operation.兽医会在手术前给狗注射镇静剂。see [sth/sb] vtr (observe)看；看见Have you ever seen such a big book?你见过这么大的书吗？see [sth/sb] vtr (make out)辨认出；看得出；看得到Can you see that hill in the distance?你能看得到远处那个山丘吗？see [sth] vtr (view)看；观看Have you seen her latest film?你看她的新片了吗？see [sth] vtr (perceive)理解；了解I see the situation differently.我对局势的看法有点不同。see [sth] vtr figurative (understand)明白；理解I see what you're saying, but I still don't agree.我明白你的意思，但不敢苟同。see [sth/sb] vtr (visualize)想象出； (指在脑海中)看得见； (俚语)脑补出I can just see the look on his face!see [sth] vtr (find acceptable)同意；接受Yes, I definitely see that. What a great plan!see [sth/sb] vtr (regard as, consider)认为…是；把…看作I see her as a future prime minister.see [sth] vtr (gambling: accept a bet) (赌博)与…下相同的赌注I'll see your hundred, and raise you a hundred.see [sth] vtr (know)见证过；见到过；经历过This boat has seen many a fine day on the lake.see [sth/sb], see that vtr (notice)注意到；看到I see the miners have gone on strike again, according to the paper.see [sb] as [sth] v expr (consider [sb] to be [sth])把某人视为, 认为某人是The students see their teacher as a role model.学生将老师视为行为榜样。see both sides of [sth] v expr figurative (be impartial)公正对待...You have to demonstrate in your essay that you can see both sides of the argument.see fit to do [sth] vtr (consider appropriate: to do [sth])认为适合Only use as much paint as you see fit.see [sth/sb] in a new light v expr figurative (fresh perspective)从一个全新的角度看Since they repainted the town hall I'm seeing it in a new light.see the back of [sb/sth] v expr figurative, informal (get rid of [sb/sth])摆脱；不愿见到see the last of [sb/sth] v expr informal (not encounter anymore)最后一次见到, 不会再见到see through [sth] vi + prep (look through)可以看到...内部I can see through your curtains! Maybe you should get some thicker ones?我可以透过窗帘看到里面！也许你应该换厚一点的？see through [sth/sb] vi + prep figurative (not be deceived)看穿，看透Mom can always see through your excuses.妈妈总是能看穿你的借口。see [sth] with your own eyes v expr informal (witness at first hand)用自己的眼睛去看I would never have believed it if I hadn't seen it with my own eyes.seed [sth] vtr (plant lawn)播；种On Sunday he seeded the lawn.；seed [sth] vtr (plant fruit)种Grandmother seeded apple trees when she was young.seed [sth] vtr (clouds)给...催雨Scientists seed clouds by adding silver iodide.seed [sth] vtr figurative (ideas)使发展, 使萌芽She seeded the idea of a vacation to Greece in his mind.seek [sb/sth] vtr (look, search for [sth], [sb])寻找, 搜寻The detective is seeking some clues to the crime.这个侦探在寻找犯罪的线索。seek [sth] vtr (try to obtain)图谋求得；谋求She seeks fame and fortune.她谋求名与利。seek [sth] vtr (request)询求；咨询We seek advice from wise teachers.seek to do [sth] v expr formal (attempt or wish to do [sth])企图做某事, 希望做某事；设法做某事I seek to restore my honour.seem to be [sth] v expr (appear)看起来似乎是The pipes seem to be in good repair.The patient seemed to be in good health, with a healthy glow in his cheeks.seep [sth] through [sth] vtr + prep (filter)…从…中滤出；…通过…过滤The vodka is seeped through charcoal to purify it.seep into [sth] vi + prep (trickle, drip in)滴入...seep into [sth] vi + prep figurative (enter gradually)渗入..., 渗透到...The information seeped into the public domain.seep out of [sth] v expr (escape by trickling or dripping)渗出；漏出A foul-smelling liquid seeped out of the joints of the pipes.seep out of [sth] v expr figurative (escaping bit by bit)从...走漏；从...泄露Information seeped out of the government office.seep through [sth] vi + prep (liquid: pass through [sth])渗出；漏出seethe with [sth] vi + prep figurative (be full of anger, rage) (愤怒等)充满；满心Ron seethed with anger when his boss accused him of stealing.segment [sth] vtr (divide into segments)分割；划分Segment the area and send one team to each part.segregate [sth] vtr (isolate)隔离；与…隔绝Researchers have segregated the enzyme in frogs.segue into [sth] vi + prep (music, film: transition smoothly into) (音乐、电影)不间断地过渡, 继续下去, 紧接下一段The movie begins with scenes from Jenny's childhood before seguing into a shot of her as an elderly lady.这部电影从珍妮童年的场景过渡到她年老时的一个镜头。seize [sth/sb] vtr (grab)抓住Nancy seized Edward's arm.南希抓住了爱德华的胳膊。seize [sth/sb] vtr (take by force) (物件)夺走, 抢走, 夺取； (地区、区域)攻占, 占领； (赃物、毒品、走私品等)缴获The army seized the town after several days of fighting.几天的战斗后，部队攻占了这个镇。seize [sth] vtr figurative (understand)理解；明白；领悟Mary quickly seized what David was saying.玛丽很快就理解了大卫的话。seize [sth] vtr (law: take possession)没收；扣押The customs officers seized the illegal goods the smugglers were trying to bring into the country.seize [sth] vtr figurative (opportunity: take enthusiastically) (机会等)抓住When Paul's employers offered him a job in their New York office, he seized the opportunity.保罗的雇主向他提供了一个纽约办公室的职位，保罗抓住了机会。be seized with [sth] adj (have sudden strong feeling of [sth])突然产生；突然感到；忽然想She was seized with a craving for artichokes.她突然感到很想吃菊芋。select [sth/sb] vtr (choose from group)挑选；选择Given the choice between a red car and a blue car, Rachel selected the red one.雷切尔可以在红车和蓝车中选一辆，他选了红色的。select [sth] vtr (highlight on screen) (计算机)选中Mark selected the text he wanted to copy.马克选中了需要复印的文本。self-diagnose [sth] vtr (identify an illness)自我诊断；自诊断self-publish [sth] vtr (without publisher)自行出版；自行发售sell [sth] vtr (vend)卖；出售He sells newspapers for 50 cents each.他的报纸卖5毛钱一份。sell [sth] vtr (deal in)销售；经销He sells precious metals.他销售贵金属。sell [sth/sb] vtr figurative (promote, show to advantage)推销；促销In order to sell yourself in a job interview, self-confidence is key.在工作面试中，自信是自我推销的关键。sell for [sth] vi + prep (have a given price)按...的价格出售；售价sell [sth] wholesale vtr + adv (offer at bulk price)批发出售sellotape [sth] vtr UK, ® (stick with tape) (胶带商标)用胶带站I sellotaped the envelope shut and took it to the post office.semaphore [sth] vtr (signal [sth] with flags)发旗语说明semaphore [sth] vtr figurative (with other thing: signal [sth])发送...信号a semblance of [sth], some semblance of [sth] n (outward appearance)外表；外观The cloud had the semblance of a horse.云朵呈现出马的形状。a semblance of [sth], some semblance of [sth] n (assumed appearance, show)表象；假象a semblance of [sth], some semblance of [sth] n (slight amount)极少量；微量；一点点；一丁点I wish the new trainee would show some semblance of competence.我希望新的实习生会展现出一些能力。send [sth], send [sth] to [sb] vtr (cause to go)向...送出；向...发出；发送...给He sent the message to his friend.他把这信息发给了朋友。send [sth] vtr (emit)散发出；放射出；发射出The radio station is sending a signal.广播电台正在发射信号。send [sth] vtr (cause to be transmitted)发送；传送Simply click to send the e-mail.点击即可发送邮件。send [sth] vtr (deliver)寄送；递送Please send the package by airmail.包裹请航空寄送。send [sth] vtr (grant)赐予，赋予Send us a sign, oh Lord!主啊，赐予我们启示吧。send away for [sth] v expr (order by post)邮购I sent away for some personalised T-shirts.send [sth] on, send on [sth] vtr + prep (forward)转交某物I will send on this letter to the former tenant.send [sth] round, US: send [sth] around vtr + adv (circulate, distribute)流通，分发sensationalize [sth], also UK: sensationalise [sth] vtr (overdramatize)使…耸人听闻；以…哗众取宠The news report sensationalized the rally; there was a small conflict, but it wasn't serious.sense [sth] vtr (become aware of)感觉到；觉察到He suddenly sensed another person in the room.他突然感觉到房间里还有别人。sense-check [sth] vtr (review practicality)对…进行可行性检查sensible of [sth] adj + prep formal (aware)意识到的；察觉到的Patricia was sensible of the kindness the Joneses were showing her by letting her stay with them.帕特丽夏意识到了邻居们让自己和他们待在一起是对她的善意。sensitive (to [sth]) adj (instrument: detects small changes) (仪器)灵敏的，敏感度高的The sensitive instruments record small changes in temperature.这些仪器很灵敏，能记录下温度的微小变化。sensitivity to [sth] n (tendency to be affected by) (对食物等)敏感，过敏Emily has a high level of sensitivity to peanuts and has to make sure she avoids eating any foods that contain them.埃米莉对花生高度过敏，必须确保避免食用任何含有花生的食物。sensitivity to [sth/sb] n (receptiveness to) (指感知能力强)对…敏感Tom's sensitivity to other's feelings means he is always very tactful.汤姆对他人的情绪非常敏感，所以他总是很圆滑。sensitize [sb] to [sth], also UK: sensitise [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (make [sb] more sensitive to [sth])使...敏感；使意识到The experience sensitized the children to the reality of the world.sensitize [sth], also UK: sensitise [sth] vtr (make [sth] more sensitive) (物)使...变得更敏感The process sensitizes the cells so they can detect changes in the atmosphere.sensitize [sth] to [sth], also UK: sensitise [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (organism, etc.: make sensitive to [sth])使…对…敏感The scientist sensitized the bacteria to the chemical.sensitize [sth], also UK: sensitise [sth] vtr (photography: make light-sensitive) (摄影)使...感光，使...具有感光性The photographer sensitized the film for artistic effect.摄影师让胶片感光，创造艺术化的效果。sentimentalize [sth], also UK: sentimentalise [sth] vtr (be overly emotional about [sth])对…多愁善感；为…感伤separate [sth] from [sth] vtr (distinguish)区分...与...；区别...与...Can you separate the good from the bad?separate [sb] from [sth] vtr US (military: dismiss)遣散；开除；开除He was separated from the navy.separate [sth] from [sth] vtr (extract)从…里面提取The chemical process separates silver from its ore.separate [sth] vtr (extract, filter out)拣选；提取The girl tried to separate the bad apples in the basket.separate [sth] out vtr + adv (filter, sift)提取；离析A soil test separates out the different components and nutrients of the dirt in your garden.separate out [sb/sth] from [sb/sth] vtr + adv (divide from the rest)将…从…中区分出来This test will separate out the good students from the bad.sequence [sth] vtr (put in order)按顺序排列Please sequence these journals in date order.请按日期给这些日志排序。sequence [sth] vtr (music: use a sequencer)使用音序器制作sequence [sth] vtr (biology: determine structure) (生物学)测定…的序列，对…进行测序。Researchers spent 13 years sequencing the human genome.研究人员花了13年时间对人类基因组进行测序。sequester [sth] vtr (confiscate)没收Pending completion of the trial, authorities have sequestered the defendant's assets.sequester [sth] vtr (chemistry) (化学)螯合剂The chemistry students are learning about how certain molecules and ions can sequester other ions.sequestrate [sth] vtr (confiscate)扣押, 查封serge [sth] vtr (sewing: reinforce edges) (缝纫)锁边serialize [sth], also UK: serialise [sth] vtr (present [sth] in episodes) (小说)连载，分期出版； (电视剧等)连播The novel was serialized in a popular magazine.serialize [sth], also UK: serialise [sth] vtr (arrange in a series)使...成序列；序列化serialize [sth], also UK: serialise [sth] vtr (computing: format for reconstruction) (计算机)串行化serotype [sth] vtr (categorize by antigens)按血清型分类serrate [sth] vtr (give notched edge to)使…成锯齿状serve [sth] to [sb] vtr (food: give, bring)把（食物等）提供给The waiters served roast beef and mashed potatoes to the diners.服务员们把烤牛肉和土豆泥提供给食客们。serve [sb] [sth] vtr (give, bring food to) (食物、饮料等)给…提供, 为…端上, 为…摆出She served the children their food.她给孩子们端上了食物。serve [sth] vtr (spend time: in prison)服（刑）He is serving a 10-year sentence for the crime.他因为犯罪入狱，正在服十年徒刑。serve as [sth] vi + prep (person: act as) (职务)作为；担任He served as the secretary for this meeting and took notes.他担任本次会议的秘书，并做了记录。；serve, serve [sth] to [sb], serve [sb] [sth] vtr (law: hand over) (法律)送达（传票等）The policeman served a summons to the witness.serve [sth/sb] vtr (supply)服务于；供给Our company serves the Tri-State Area.serve [sth] vtr (animals: copulate with) (动物、牲畜等)与...配种The bull serves all the cows on the farm.serve as [sth] vi + prep (function as)当作；作为The office also serves as a guest bedroom.办公室也可作为客房。serve [sb] [sth] vtr (law: hand over) (法律)向…传达（传票等）His lawyer has just served me a summons.serve [sth/sb] vtr (work for)为…工作；在…工作；为…服务She served the company well for twenty-five years.她为这家公司工作了25年。service [sth] vtr (maintain: vehicle, etc.)维修；检修One should service a car periodically, including oil changes.service [sb] with [sth] vtr (supply)为...供应；为...提供The company serviced them with office supplies.service [sth] vtr (animals: copulate with) (动物、牲畜等)为…配种The bull services all the cows on the farm.servo [sth] vtr abbreviation (connect as servomechanism)伺服...set [sth] vtr (place, put)搁；把…放在He set the glass on the edge of the table.他把玻璃杯放在桌子边儿上了。set [sb] [sth] vtr (assign [sb] [sth])分配；指派The teacher set his pupils several tasks.set [sth] vtr (type)为…排版Can you set this report for me in a plain typeface?set [sth] vtr (music: lyrics)给...谱曲The poem was set to music.set [sth] vtr (adjust: watch) (时间)设, 设置I just changed the battery in the clock, so I have to set the time on it again.set [sth] vtr (mend: bone)使...定型；接骨The doctors in casualty set the broken bone.set [sth] vtr (provide: example) (榜样)树立This writer set the form for this genre of poetry.set [sth] vtr (table: lay) (桌子)摆放, 布置Kids, come set the table for dinner. We need plates and bowls.set [sth] vtr (put in order)整理；将...放置整齐She set the chess pieces in their place.set [sth] vtr (prepare: trap)设陷阱He set a trap for the mouse in the apartment.set [sth] vtr (fix: hairstyle)固定发型；做头发The stylist set the woman's hair beautifully.set [sth] vtr (fix: price, value)定价Let's set the price of the shirt at twenty dollars.这款衬衫我们定价在二十美元吧。set [sth] vtr (schedule: date) (日期)确定；规定Let's set a June date for the wedding.set [sth] vtr (pace) (步速)确定The leader set the pace in the bike race.set [sth] vtr (mount: gem) (珠宝)镶嵌The jeweller set the stone in the ring.set [sth] vtr (theater: arrange scene) (背景)布置, 布景While the curtains were closed, they quickly set the next scene.set [sth] vtr (plant: produce fruit) (植物)结果实This tree sets fruit in the late summer.set [sth] in [sth], set [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep often passive (locate, place: story) (故事、电影等)以…为…的背景Helena set her story against the backdrop of the Second World War.The novel is set in 19th-century Paris.海伦娜以第二次世界大战作为自己故事的背景。 // 这本小说以19世纪的巴黎为背景。set [sth] vtr (determine: direction)使朝向Jeremy set a course for the West.杰里米设好航线，驶向西方。set [sth] vtr (rig: sail) (航海)扬帆The crew set the sails and the ship left the harbour.船员们扬帆起航。set [sb/sth] to [sth], set [sb/sth] on [sth] v expr (apply, start)让…开始…；让…着手…The boss set his employees to work on the project.老板让下属开始进行该项目。set on doing [sth] adj + prep (determined to do)坚定；坚决Marcus is set on getting into Oxford.马库斯坚决要去牛津念书。set [sth] vtr (fix, put in place)确定, 规定The boss sets the hours we work. The sales targets have been set for this month.老板规定我们的工作时间。这个月的销售额目标已经确定了。set [sth] vtr (hen: make sit on eggs) (母鸡)让...坐蛋；让...孵蛋Hens may try to peck you when you set them.set [sth] vtr (adjust: device)设置；设定How do you set the screen background on this phone?set [sth] afloat vtr + adv (put onto water) (船等)让…漂浮在水面，将…推下水We set the rowing boat afloat.set [sth] alight vtr + adj (burn)点燃；点着；放火烧The rioters set a police car alight.暴徒们放火烧了一辆警车。set [sb] back [sth] vtr + adv (cost: a certain sum)花费This repair work is likely to set me back more than £500.这项修理服务可能需要花费500多英镑。set [sth] back vtr + adv (schedule for later)推迟The boss set the meeting back to give people more time to complete their reports.老板将会议推迟，让大家有更多时间完成报告。set [sth] back [sth], set [sth] back by [sth] vtr + adv (delay by a given time)把…推迟We can set the appointment back a few days if you can't make it tomorrow.如果你明天来不了，我们可以将预约推迟几天。set [sth] before [sb] vtr + prep (place in front of)置于…之前备注: Often used in the passive.At about 3 months, a baby begins to focus its eyes on objects set before him.He set the plate of cookies before his mother.set eyes on [sth/sb] v expr figurative (see [sth/sb])看见；见到set fire to [sth] v expr (set alight)放火烧He set fire to his own house to collect the insurance money.set [sth] forward vtr + adv (move clock time ahead) (时钟)拨快set [sth] in order v expr (arrange properly)使井井有条My grandmother set all her affairs in order shortly before she died.set [sth] on fire v expr (set light to)点燃；放火烧To cover up the murder, the killer set his victim's house on fire.set [sth] on fire v expr figurative, slang (excite)使激动；使情绪高涨That catchy new song has set the whole country on fire.set [sth] to rights v expr informal (fix [sth] that is broken)修复set [sth] right v expr (straighten [sth] that is crooked)校正set [sth] right v expr (make a situation fair, appropriate)矫正set the date for [sth], set a date for [sth], set the date of [sth] v expr (schedule a day for)为…定好日子；为…定下日期We have set the date for the next meeting: March 23rd.set [sth] to music v expr (provide music for [sth], as a poem, etc.)给...配乐set [sth] up, set up [sth] vtr + adv (establish)建立；创立；设立They set the new store up on Maple Street.他们在枫树街开了一家新店。set [sth] up, set up [sth] vtr + adv (assemble)拼装；装配；组装I bought my son a swing set and had to set it up in the yard yesterday.我给儿子买了一套秋千，昨天不得不把它架在院子里。set [sb] up with [sth] v expr mainly US, informal (pay for drinks)替...付…的钱That generous woman set us all up with drinks last night.昨晚，那位大方的女士请我们大家喝酒。set your heart on [sth], have your heart set on [sth] v expr (desire greatly, long for)渴望，热望She had set her heart on a trip to Japan.The little boy had his heart set on getting a puppy for Christmas.settle [sth] vtr (reach agreement) (纠纷)解决, 结束They settled their dispute peacefully.他们以和平方式解决了纠纷。settle on [sth] vtr + prep (price: agree) (谈判、谈价钱)决定, 确定We settled on a price after a few days of negotiation.几天的谈判以后，我们确定了价格。settle [sth] vtr (arrange)安排好；安置妥当After his death, his son settled his affairs.他的儿子们为他安排好了后事。settle [sth] vtr often passive (decide)安排好；最终决定下来Tomorrow at 2pm. That's settled then!明天下午2点，就这么定了！settle on [sth] vtr + prep (date: fix) (日期)确定；决定We settled on March 27 for the wedding date.我们最终把婚礼日期定在了3月27号。settle [sth] vtr (claim: satisfy) (保险)理赔The insurance company settled all claims from the accident.settle [sth] vtr (debt: pay, liquidate) (账单、债务等)支付, 付清He settled his college debt by paying every month for two years.settle [sth] vtr (territory: populate)定居在；移民于Virginia was first settled by the English.settle [sth] vtr (quiet, calm)缓和, 平复；使安静下来, 使平静下来；缓解The antacid settled her stomach.；settle into [sth] vtr + prep (begin to adopt: new routine)适应, 习惯I changed jobs a few weeks ago and it has taken me a while to settle into my new routine.sever [sth] vtr (cut off physically)切断；割断Naomi severed the courgette from the plant.sever [sth] vtr figurative (cut: ties) (关系)断绝, 中断Peter has severed all ties to his family.sever [sth] vtr (law: divide an estate) (财产)分割sew [sth] vtr (fabric: stitch)缝，缝制Tim is sewing some curtains for the living room window.蒂姆正在为客厅窗户缝制窗帘。sew [sth] on [sth] vtr + adv (attach by stitching)把…缝在…上Will you sew a button on my shirt?你能把纽扣缝在我的衬衫上吗？sex [sth] vtr (animal: determine sex)确定…的性别The veterinarian sexed the chicks and divided them into males and females.sextuple [sth] vtr (multiply by six)将…乘以六sexualize [sth], also UK: sexualise [sth] vtr (give sexual characteristics to)使...带有性的色彩；使...带有性的特征sexualize [sth/sb], also UK: sexualise [sth/sb] vtr (see in a sexual way)带性色彩地看待；从性的角度看待sexualize [sth/sb], also UK: sexualise [sth/sb] vtr (assign sexual significance to)使...有性的特征；使...有性别the shackles of [sth] npl figurative ([sth] restrictive)…的束缚；…的羁绊We must shake off the shackles of capitalist thinking!shade [sb/sth] vtr (protect from sun)为…遮阴；为…挡光The trees shaded the garden.树木为花园遮阴。shade [sb/sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (protect from sun)为…遮挡阳光The parasol shaded the patio from the sun.阳伞为阳台投下了荫凉。shade [sth] vtr (art: apply tonal values to)给…涂阴影Melanie shaded her drawing of a horse.梅勒妮给她画的马涂阴影。shade [sth] vtr (colour, tint)为…涂上颜色；上色Ben shaded his picture in tones of red and green.本将照片处理成了红绿色调。a shade of [sth] n (hint, small amount of [sth])一点点；少许There's a shade of oregano in this sauce.这种酱汁里加有少许的牛至。shade [sth] in vtr + adv (drawing: fill in with tone)涂色；填色shadow [sth] vtr (shade)将阴影投在Trees shadowed the yard.shadow [sth] vtr literary (obscure)遮盖；遮挡Her hair shadowed her face.shag [sth] vtr US (catch: a baseball) (棒球运动)接球Fred had been shagging balls for his whole career.shake [sth] vtr (agitate)振动；摇动；抖动Shake the medicine to mix it.把药摇匀。shake [sth] (at [sb]) vtr (brandish)向...挥舞；向...挥动He angrily shook a stick at them.shake [sb] into (doing) [sth] vtr figurative (prompt [sb])使动摇, 使改变主意This news will shake people into action.shake [sth] (from [sth]) vtr (dislodge)摇落；摇下Shake the fruit from the tree.shake [sth] vtr (cause to sway)使…摆动；使…摇动The wind was shaking the trees.shake [sb/sth] vtr (cause to doubt)让...心生怀疑；动摇Scientific proof might shake his faith.shake [sth] vtr (dice) (骰子)摇Shake the dice and roll them.shake hands on [sth] v expr (deal: agree)就…达成一致The two men shook hands on the deal.shake [sth] off vtr + adv (remove by shaking)抖落Shake the dust off your sandals before you come in the house.进屋子前，请抖干净你凉鞋上的尘土。shake [sth] off vtr + adv informal, figurative (free yourself of)摆脱I just can't shake off this cold.我就是摆脱不了这感冒。shake [sth] out vtr + adv (clean by shaking)抖干净shake [sth] out of [sth] v expr (remove [sth] by shaking)抖落；抖出来；除去I took the dust sheets outside and shook the dust out of them.sham [sth] vtr (fake, feign)装；假装；佯作Alison is shamming illness to get out of the meeting.艾莉森为了离开会议而假装生病。shame [sb] into [sth] v expr (motivate with shame)让某人因感到羞耻而做某事The preacher shamed the congregation into action.牧师让会众羞愧，因而采取行动。shame [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (motivate with shame)使蒙羞；使感到羞愧A barrage of criticism on social media shamed the actress into apologising for her comments.社交媒体上的批评铺天盖地，让这位女演员愧不可当，出面为自己的言论道歉。shampoo [sth] vtr (hair: wash)用洗发水洗Do you shampoo your hair daily?shampoo [sth] vtr (carpet: clean) (地毯)用洗涤剂清洗We hired professionals to shampoo the carpets.shanghai [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep slang, figurative (force)强迫, 胁迫shanghai [sb] into doing [sth] v expr slang, figurative (force to do [sth])强迫...做shape [sth] vtr (form, mould)使成形；将...塑造成He shaped the clay to form a pot.他把黏土捏成了一个罐子。shape [sth] vtr (adapt)使成...形状The cook shaped the plastic wrap to fit the bowl.shape [sth] vtr (determine, influence)决定；对...有影响The new boss shaped the way things were done so that the company was more efficient.shard [sth] vtr (partition database)将...分为shard数据库share [sth] vtr (use together)分享；共用；合用Amy and Ron share an apartment.艾米和罗恩合住一套房间。share [sth] with [sb/sth] vtr + prep (use [sth] together)跟…共用…，与…合用…Kathy shares the house with her sister.凯茜跟妹妹共用那套房子。share [sth] vtr (allow others to use)分给；分享；共用The children in the class had to share the textbooks.班里的孩子们不得不共用教科书。share [sth] with [sb/sth] vtr + prep (allow [sb] to use [sth])与…分享…Gary shared the toy with his brother.盖里与弟弟分享那个玩具。share [sth] vtr esp UK (tell) (尤见于英国)分享, 告知You have some news about her? Oh, do share it!share in [sth] vi + prep (receive part of)分享It's unfair that taxpayers cannot share in the huge banking profits.share [sth] out, share out [sth] vtr + adv UK (distribute fairly)分配；均分The boys shared the money out equally among themselves.sharecrop [sth] vtr US (land: farm for share of yield) (给地主种地年末分得一份收益)做佃户sharp [sth] vtr US (music: raise half a tone)使升半音；提高...半音You need to sharp that F at bar sixteen.sharpen [sth] vtr (knife, blade: make sharper)磨快；使…锋利Craig is sharpening the kitchen knives.克莱格正在磨厨刀。sharpen [sth] vtr (pencil: make sharper)削尖Tara's pencil was blunt, so she sharpened it.卡拉削尖了用钝的铅笔。sharpen [sth] vtr (image: make clearer) (图像等)使…变清晰The image was a bit blurry, so John sharpened it.那幅图有些模糊，所以约翰使它变清晰了些。sharpen [sth] vtr figurative (skills: improve, refine) (技能)提高，改进，改善Susan is taking a course to sharpen her writing skills.苏珊参加了一堂课，改进自己的写作技能。sharpen [sth] vtr (mind, senses: make more acute)使敏锐；使敏捷The strong coffee sharpened Carl's mind and helped him concentrate on the problem.sharpen [sth] vtr (musical note: raise by semitone) (音乐)使升高I think the piece would sound better if you sharpened that note.sharpen [sth] vtr figurative (competition: increase)使更加激烈The relaxing of regulations governing air fares has sharpened competition among airlines.sharpen [sth] vtr (debate, disagreement: make more intense) (辩论)使…更激烈； (分歧)使…加剧，使…加深A spate of recent tragedies has sharpened the debate about road safety.shatter [sth] vtr (break in pieces)使…粉碎，打碎；使…破碎Sarah shattered the window to get into the building.莎拉打碎了窗户，爬进了大楼。shatter [sth] vtr figurative (interrupt: silence, calm) (沉默)突然打破The sound of a car horn shattered the silence.shatter [sth] vtr figurative (destroy: confidence, etc.) (信心)击碎，击垮； (希望)使破灭The critics damning reviews shattered the author's confidence and he never wrote again.shave [sth] vtr (facial hair: remove with razor) (胡须)刮，剃Liam shaved his beard this morning; now he has a nice smooth face.利亚姆今早刮了胡子，现在脸又光又滑。shave [sth] vtr (body hair: remove)剃去…上的汗毛，刮掉…上的毛；剃，去除，刮Pippa shaves her legs twice a week.皮帕每周刮两次腿毛。shave [sth] vtr (food: grate, slice) (食物等)切成薄片To finish the salad, shave a few pieces of Parmesan over the top.shave [sth] vtr US, figurative, slang (points: match fixing)险胜shave [sth] vtr figurative, informal (prices: reduce) (价格)略降, 稍微减低；减价The shop has shaved all its prices by 20%.shave [sth] off vtr + adv (hair: remove completely) (须发)刮掉，剃掉Dan shaved off his beard.shave [sth] off vtr + adv (remove thin layer)削掉..., 刨去...We need to shave off a little more wood from the door.shave [sth] off [sth], shave [sth] off from [sth] v expr figurative (cut, reduce)削减，减少，降低We need to shave at least one hundred dollars off the budget.shear [sth] vtr (shave wool from: a sheep)给…剪毛The farmer is shearing his sheep.农夫给自己的绵羊剪毛。shear [sth] vtr (cut with sharp implement)用大剪刀剪The workman sheared the iron bar.shear through [sth] vi + prep (cut through)剪穿Laura sheared through the undergrowth to create a path.shear through [sth] vi + prep (move as though cutting)穿过；穿越The boat sheared through the water.shear [sth] off vtr + adv (remove by cutting, slice away)切断The gardener sheared off nearly half the bush to make it even with the rest of the hedge.sheathe [sth] vtr (place in a protective cover)覆盖；将…装入保护套中When the robber heard the sirens he sheathed his knife and ran away.sheave [sth] vtr (bundle into a sheaf)把…捆成束The workers sheaved the grain stalks in the fields and carried them to the barn for storage.shed [sth] vtr (lose: skin)蜕皮The snake sheds its skin.蛇蜕皮了。shed [sth] vtr (repel: water)使...流过而不渗透；使不沾水A duck's back sheds water thanks to its oily feathers.shed [sth] vtr (take off: clothes)脱衣服We shed our clothes and went for a swim.shed [sth] vtr (drop leaves) (树木等)脱落树叶；落叶The trees shed their leaves in late summer.shed [sth] vtr (lose: weight) (体重)减去；减掉You will shed several kilos on this diet.shed [sth] vtr (lose: fur)脱（毛），掉（毛）My dogs are shedding their fur because it's so hot.由于天气炎热，我养的狗都在脱毛。shed [sth] on [sth] vtr (light: cast on) (光)把…照在…上The sun shed its rays on the small courtyard.阳光照在这个小小庭院上。shed [sth] vtr figurative (lose, cast off)脱落；摆脱As he matured, the teenager shed his timidity and became more outgoing.shed [sth] vtr (impart, release)散发；发出The flowers shed their sweet perfume throughout the months of summer.shed [sth] vtr (disconnect electrical circuits)切断；停下shed light on [sth], throw light on [sth] v expr figurative (clarify, explain)揭示；使...变清楚The research project sheds light on how dolphins communicate with each other.shedload, a shedload of [sth] n UK, informal (large amount)大量shedloads, shedloads of [sth] npl UK, informal (large amount)大量，许多shell [sth] vtr (remove pod from: peas) (给豌豆等)给…剥壳；去壳Shell the peas, then cook them.shell [sth] vtr (remove outer casing from: nut) (给坚果等)给…去壳Shell the nuts and eat them.shell [sth] vtr (bombard)轰击；轰炸The artillery unit will shell the enemy positions.shelter [sb/sth] vtr (protect)使…免受侵害；保护；庇护The hen shelters her chicks.shelter [sth] vtr (hold, harbor)存放；收纳The old barn shelters some rusty implements.shelve [sth] vtr (put [sth] on shelf)把…放在搁板上，把…放在架子上Tom shelved the book he had been reading and went for a walk.汤姆把读了一会儿的书放回书架，然后出去散步。shelve [sth] vtr figurative (plan: abandon)搁置；暂缓考虑Reluctantly, the team decided to shelve the project, as they didn't have enough money to continue.虽然很不情愿，但由于没有足够的资金继续下去，所以团队还是决定搁置这一项目。shelve [sth] vtr (fit [sth] with shelves)给…装搁板；装搁板于…We're going to shelve this recess to give us more storage space.shepherd [sth/sb] vtr figurative (guide like sheep)带领；护送The tour guide shepherded the group around the museum.导游带领着这群人参观了博物馆。shew [sth] vtr archaic (show: make [sth] visible)展示, 展出；出示；显示'The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth his handywork.' - Psalm 19:1shew [sth] to [sb], shew [sb] [sth] v expr archaic (show: demonstrate [sth] to [sb])向...演示；向...展示shield [sb], shield [sb] from [sth] vtr (protect physically)保护；保卫The wall shielded John from the wind.墙壁保护约翰不受寒风侵袭。shield [sb], shield [sb] from [sth] vtr figurative (protect [sb] from [sth])保护…；保护…不受…影响Nancy wants to shield her family from harm.南希想保护自己的家人免受伤害。shift [sth] vtr (move)移动；搬动The movers shifted the table one metre to the left.搬家工人把桌子向左边移动了一米。shift [sth] vtr US (change: gear) (车挡)变, 换The driver shifted gears as the car climbed the hill.汽车爬山时，司机换了挡。shift [sth] vtr UK, colloquial (sell) (口语)变卖We have to shift these radios by tomorrow.shift [sth] vtr (transfer)交换；变换The waiting officer shifted his weight from one foot to the other.shift [sth] vtr (exchange)转变；改变He shifted opinions from one day to the next.他每天都会改变主意。a shill for [sth] n US, slang (person who advertises [sth])雇佣的骗子；托儿shim [sth] vtr (align with thin strip)用楔形薄垫片填平；填入垫片使成水平shin up [sth] vi + prep (climb up)爬到...上The burglar got over the wall by shinning up a lamppost.shine [sth] on [sth/sb], shine [sth] at [sth/sb] vtr (direct light)把光照向，使照亮Shine the light on the corner.用手电照着那个角落。shine at [sth] vi + prep informal, figurative (excel at [sth])擅长于；善于He's not good at explaining it, but he really shines at mathematics.他不善于言语解释，却十分擅长数学。shine with [sth] vi + prep figurative (face: beam) (因兴奋等)发光，发亮His face will shine with excitement when he opens the gift package.他打开礼物，脸上的表情激动地发光。shine [sth] vtr (polish)擦亮I hate having to shine the silverware.我不喜欢擦亮银器这种家务活。shine a light on [sth] v expr figurative (make something clearer)使...更清楚；使...更明白The research shines a light on the way these animals behave.shinny up [sth] vi + prep (climb)爬上He skillfully shinnied up the tree and picked a mango.ship [sth] vtr (send: goods)寄出, 邮寄We will ship the books tomorrow.明天我们就把书寄出去。ship [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (send or post to) (货物等)把…发送给某人I requested that the company ship my order to my home address.我要求公司将我的订单发送至我的住家地址。ship [sth] vtr (stow: oars) (船桨)把...放进船内The rowers shipped their oars as they pulled into shore.shipwreck [sth] vtr often passive (vessel: cause to sink)使…失事A violent storm shipwrecked the boat.shipwreck [sb/sth] vtr figurative, often passive (ruin, destroy)毁灭；摧毁The company was shipwrecked by its directors' careless spending.shirk [sth] vtr (evade: work, duty) (责任或工作等)逃避, 躲避Manny is shirking his work duties again.shirr [sth] vtr (sewing: gather fabric) (缝纫术语)抽褶shirr [sth] vtr (eggs: cook by baking)烘焙s*** [sth] vtr vulgar, offensive, slang (defecate) (屎)拉出；排泄出He pushed hard and shat a huge turd.他用力拉出了一大坨粪。s***load, a s***load of [sth] n slang, vulgar, offensive (large quantity) (俚语，粗俗语)超多；巨多s***loads, s***loads of [sth] npl slang, vulgar, offensive (large quantity)好多, 大量shiv [sth] vtr slang (cut with a shiv)用小刀切, 用小刀砍The prisoner was shivved on his way back from lunch and is still recovering in the hospital.shiver [sth] vtr (break into fragments)打碎Cannon fire shivered the timbers of the ship.shoal of [sth/sb] n figurative, informal (group, collection)大群，大量A shoal of pots and pans littered the kitchen.shoal [sth] vtr (water: make shallow)使…变浅The storm shoaled the bay, making it dangerous for large ships.shockproof [sth] vtr (protect against damage by shock)防震；抗震shoe [sth] vtr (horse)给（马）钉掌You need a good hammer to shoe a horse.shoehorn [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep figurative (fit, force: into small space)硬塞进Craig shoehorned the book between two others on the shelf.shoo [sth/sb] vtr informal (chase, drive away)以嘘声赶走Aunt Lydia shooed us out of the kitchen while she was cooking dinner.shoo [sth/sb] away vtr + adv informal (chase, drive away)赶走shoot at [sth/sb] vi + prep (fire a gun at)射击；开枪射击The soldiers shot at the enemy.士兵们向敌人开枪射击。shoot [sth] vtr (gun: fire)开枪He shot the gun.他开了枪。shoot [sb/sth] vtr (kill with gun, etc.)枪杀；射死Where did you shoot that deer?你是在哪里射杀了那匹鹿？shoot [sb/sth] in [sth] vtr + prep (wound by firing gun, etc.)射中；射伤The soldier was shot in the leg.士兵的腿被射伤了。shoot [sth] vtr (film)拍摄They are shooting the movie in Canada.他们正在加拿大拍摄电影。shoot [sth] vtr (photo: take) (照片)拍摄The photographer shot 50 photos.摄影师拍摄了50张照片。shoot [sth] vtr (take seismic reading)读取地震数据The geologists will shoot and interpret the seismic data for you.地质学家将会为你读取并解释地震数据。shoot [sth] vtr (star, planet: site) (用六分仪)测量…的高度The captain used a sextant to shoot the sun.shoot [sth] vtr (dice: throw) (骰子)投；掷It's your turn. Shoot the dice!shoot [sth] vtr (golf: play, hit) (高尔夫)击出…杆I shot a 69 yesterday!shoot [sth/sb] vtr (take a photo of)给…拍照The fashion model allows only a few photographers to shoot pictures of her.那名时装模特只允许几个摄影师给她拍照。shoot [sth] vtr (ball: aim at goal) (足球)踢, 射； (篮球)投The footballer shot the ball between the posts.足球运动员朝门柱间射门。shoot [sth] vtr (drug: inject) (药物)注射The addict had been shooting heroin for years.那位瘾君子已经注射了多年的海洛因。shoot for [sth] vi + prep US, slang, figurative (aspire to)争取得到；为...而努力shop [sth] vtr US, informal (buy things from)从...购买We shop traditional Indian for our vegetables.shop [sth] vtr informal (digitally alter a photo) (用PHOTOSHOP软件)编辑，修改The photo that appeared in the paper had been shopped.shoplift [sth] vtr (steal [sth] from a store)在商店盗窃The man was arrested for shoplifting a frozen chicken.short for [sth] adj + prep (abbreviation of)是…的缩写；是…的简写The name "Betty" is sometimes short for "Elizabeth".名字“贝蒂（Betty）”有些时候是“伊丽莎白（Elizabeth）”的简写。be short on [sth] v expr informal (short of: not enough)不足的；短缺的We're short on printer ink.我们的打印机油墨快用完了。short of doing [sth] prep (except)除了I don't know what to do, short of leaving.short [sth] vtr (short circuit)使短路Dripping water shorted the fuse box.short [sth] vtr (to sell shares short)卖空；做空He shorted the stock because he thought the value was going to fall.short on [sth] adj + prep pejorative, informal (lacking)缺少…，缺乏…，欠缺…The new leader of the party is short on charm; he'll never win over the voters.党的新晋领导人缺乏魅力，他肯定不会赢得选民的支持的。short of [sth] expr (other than)除…外Short of a raid on the cookie jar, we won't have a snack.除了“突袭”饼干罐外，为了零食我们别无他法。short of doing [sth] expr (other than do [sth])除做…外Short of replacing the whole engine, there is nothing you can do to solve the problem.要想解决这个问题，除了换掉整个引擎外别无他法。be short of [sth] v expr (lacking)不足，短缺；未达到，少于I need to go shopping: we're short of bread and milk.我需要去采购了，面包和牛奶都不够了。short-circuit [sth] vtr (cause to malfunction electrically)导致…短路The flooding in the basement short-circuited the freezer.short-circuit [sth] vtr figurative (procedure: not follow)使…绕过；使...避开The construction company put pressure on the council to short-circuit the planning permission process.short-circuit [sth] vtr US, figurative (impede, thwart)阻碍Bad weather short-circuited our plans for a picnic.short-cut [sth] vtr (use a shortcut on [sth])在…上走捷径Don't try to short-cut this process; it won't work if you do.不要在该流程上走捷径，否则会失败的。shorten [sth] vtr (length: decrease) (长度)缩短The tailor shortened my trousers.shorten [sth] vtr (time: make briefer) (时间)缩短We need to shorten the time we take to process invoices.shorten [sth] vtr (text, etc: edit, cut) (文章篇幅)缩短, 截短Please shorten your story by two paragraphs if possible.shorten [sth] vtr (gambling odds: make more likely) (赌博胜率)增大In light of the new information, the bookmaker shortened the odds.shorten [sth] vtr (vowel sound: make shorter) (元音)使…发短音A double consonant in English usually has the effect of shortening the previous vowel.short-list, shortlist vtr often passive (choose as finalist)将…列入决选名单The author was surprised when her debut novel was shortlisted for a literature award.shortwave [sth] vtr US (transmit via shortwaves)用短波传输...shot through with [sth] adj + prep (streaked)充满That diamond is shot through with flashes of brilliant light.shot through with [sth] adj + prep figurative (permeated)充满...的, 弥漫着...的The stories are shot through with a wry wit.shoulder [sth] vtr figurative (mental burden)承担；担负That poor young boy has to shoulder the weight of his mother's illness.shoulder [sth] vtr (push with shoulder)用肩推；用肩挤Patricia shouldered open the door, as her hands were full of shopping bags.帕特丽夏手上拎满了购物袋，所以她用肩挤开了门。shoulder [sth] vtr (lift onto shoulders)肩扛；肩挑The farmer shouldered the sack of grain.农夫用肩扛着那袋粮食。shout [sth] vtr (say loudly)喊叫着说出；高声叫着说’Jim shouted something out of the window, but I couldn't hear what he was saying.吉姆向窗外喊叫着什么，不过我听不见他到底在说什么。shout [sb] [sth] vtr informal, UK, AU (buy drink, etc. for [sb])请…吃…；请…喝…Chris shouted Mark a beer.克里斯请马克喝了一杯啤酒。shove [sb/sth] vtr (move by pushing)猛推；用力推Helen shoved the chair out of her way.海伦用力地把挡路的椅子推开。shove [sth] vtr (put hurriedly)匆匆忙忙地放；忙乱地塞Oliver shoved the paperwork into his bag.奥利弗忙乱地将文件塞进包里。shovel [sth] vtr (dig or move with shovel)铲；用锹挖Laura shoveled earth out of the hole she was digging for a garden pond.劳拉给花园池塘挖洞，然后将洞里的土铲了出来。shovel [sth] vtr figurative, informal (eat big mouthfuls)大口吃；大口塞备注: Usually followed by "in" or "into".Pete shovelled mashed potato into his mouth hungrily.皮特饿狼般大口大口地将土豆泥塞进嘴里。shovel [sth] up, shovel up [sth] vtr + adv (collect or scoop)铲起Workers had to spend weeks shovelling up the tar that had been washed onto the beach.show [sth] vtr (make visible)使露出；使显露He always shows his teeth when he smiles.他笑的时候总会露出牙齿。show [sth] to [sb], show [sb] [sth] vtr (display)向…展示He showed his collection of postcards to his visitors.他向访客们展示自己收集的明信片。show [sb] how to do [sth] vtr (demonstrate)给...演示；通过示范给...教He showed his daughter how to tie her shoes.他给女儿演示如何系鞋带。show [sb] [sth] vtr (exhibit)展示；展出Can you show me the correct way to tie a reef knot?你能向我展示打平结的正确方法吗?show [sth] vtr (present, perform)放映, 上演, 上映, 演出The local theatre is showing "Salome" at the moment.此刻当地影院正在上映《莎乐美》。show, a show of [sth] n (display)展示；展出；陈列Christopher's show of his prize potatoes and leeks was impressive.show [sth] vtr (put on display)陈列；摆出She likes to show all her china in her drawing room.show [sth] vtr (measure, indicate) (仪表仪器等)显示出, 读数为The thermometer showed twelve degrees.show [sth] to [sb], show [sb] [sth] vtr (offer for sale) (以出售为目的)给…看, 展示The agent will show the house to interested buyers.show [sth] to [sb], show [sb] [sth] vtr (produce facts, evidence)向...出示；向...展示She showed them the statistics to help prove her point.show [sth] vtr (express)表现；表达He showed his love for her by giving her flowers.show [sth] to [sb], show [sb] [sth] vtr (grant: favour, mercy)给予；赐予He showed him great mercy by not executing him.show [sth] vtr (broadcast: film, TV show) (广播、电视等)放送，播出They're showing a repeat of that comedy you used to like.他们在重播你曾经喜欢看的那部喜剧片。show [sb] to [sth], show [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep (escort)领...到The waiter will show you to your table.The hostess showed her guests into the sitting room.show [sb] around [sth], UK: show [sb] round [sth] vtr + prep (guide round a new place)领…参观The real estate broker showed the couple around the apartment.show how [sth] vtr (demonstrate the way that)演示Can you show me how this machine works?show respect for [sb/sth] v expr (show high regard)对…表现出敬意；对…表示尊重We train all our employees to show respect for the customers.show signs of [sth] vtr (indicate possibility of)表现出…的迹象The latest economic indicators show signs of an economic recovery.show signs of [sth] vtr (display symptoms of)显示…的症状The car is starting to show signs of wear.show [sb] the way to [sth] v expr (guide)给…指前往…的路Could you show me the way to the post office?show yourself to be [sth] v expr (demonstrate that you are)展示自己的某一特征He showed himself to be an astute politician.a showcase for [sth] n figurative (display of [sth])…的展示平台The convention is a showcase for new products.这次大会是新产品的展示平台。showcase [sth] vtr figurative (show to advantage)显示出…的优点This song really showcases her vocal range.这首歌很能展示出她在音域上的优点。showcase [sth] vtr (present, put on display)展示；陈列The exhibition will showcase the work of local artists.本次展览将展出本地艺术家的作品。shower [sb] with [sth] vtr (outpouring) (感情等)向...倾注His fans showered him with love after his latest win.shower [sth/sb] vtr (wet)浇湿；喷淋He sprayed the hose at the little girls and showered them with water.shower [sb/sth] with [sth] vtr (cover with [sth]) (彩色纸屑等)朝…扔；让...如雨般落在The photo showed the bride and groom showered with confetti.shower [sb/sth] with [sth] vtr figurative (bombard: with bullets) (子弹或炮弹等)阵雨般地落在The enemy was showering them with gunfire.a shred of [sth] n figurative (little bit)少量；些许；一丝备注: Commonly followed by: evidence, self-respect, dignity.The police were sure Paula was guilty, but they couldn't find a shred of evidence against her.警方确信宝拉有罪，但找不到一丝对她不利的证据。shred [sth] vtr (fabric, paper: tear into strips)撕碎；撕成条Lydia shredded the letter from her ex-boyfriend.莉迪亚将前男友的信撕成了碎片。shred [sth] vtr (document: destroy) (纸张)撕碎；用碎纸机粉碎Philip always shreds his old bank statements.菲利普总是会将旧的银行对账单撕掉。shred [sth] vtr (food: pull or cut into strips)把…切成条；把…撕成条The waitress shredded the roast duck using two forks.服务员用两个叉子将烤鸭撕成条。shred [sth] vtr US (grate: cheese, vegetables) (蔬菜等)切碎，剁碎Shred the carrots and put them in a bowl with the dressing.将萝卜切碎放入碗中，加入调料汁。shriek [sth] vtr (scream [sth] out)尖叫道；尖声说"Get out of my room!" Sally shrieked at her sister.“滚出我房间！”莎莉冲着妹妹尖叫道。shrill, shrill [sth] vtr (cry in a high-pitched voice)尖叫道；尖声说"I hate you!" she shrilled.“我恨你！”她尖叫道。shrink [sth] vtr (make smaller)使缩小，使减小，使缩减； (衣服等)使缩水，使皱缩The washing machine shrank my jumper.机洗使我的毛衣缩水了。shrink away from doing [sth] v expr figurative (be reluctant to face doing)逃避做某事Amanda shrank away from giving Oliver the bad news.shrink-wrap [sth] vtr (food: wrap in transparent film)用收缩膜包装shroud [sth/sb] vtr figurative (cover, conceal [sth], [sb])笼罩Thick fog shrouded the mountain tops.浓雾笼罩着山顶。shroud [sth/sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (cover [sth], [sb] with [sth])用…遮住；覆盖Tim shrouded Daisy in a hooded cloak, so that she could pass unseen through the town.提姆用一件带兜帽的斗篷遮住黛西，好让她不被发现地穿过镇上。shroud [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep figurative, often passive (obscure, cover [sth]) (比喻)用…将…掩盖起来，将…笼罩在…里Her disappearance was shrouded in mystery.她的失踪笼罩在一层神秘的迷雾里。shroud [sb/sth] vtr (dead body: wrap)用裹尸布裹The undertaker shrouded the body.殡仪员用裹尸布将尸体裹起来。shuck [sth] vtr (oysters, peas: remove shell) (蚌类、豆类等)剥去...皮；去除...壳Mark, can you come to the kitchen and help me shuck the oysters for dinner?shuck [sth] (US), husk [sth] (UK) vtr (sweetcorn: remove husk) (玉米)剥...的壳；去...的皮This machine automatically shucks the corn.这台机器能自动为玉米去壳。shudder at [sth] vi + prep (be frightened or repelled by)对…感到恐惧She shuddered at the thought of eating raw meat.shuffle [sth] vtr (playing cards: mix randomly)洗牌The dealer shuffled the pack.荷官洗了牌。shuffle [sth] vtr (mix carelessly)胡乱地放到一起；乱堆The boss shuffled his papers nervously, not knowing what to say to the employee he had just fired.老板紧张地把文件乱堆起来，不知道该对刚刚才开除的员工说什么。shuffle [sth/sb] vtr (employees: reassign jobs)改组The company is shuffling its staff in an effort to save jobs, but still cut costs.对了不裁员的情况下减少成本，公司正在进行员工重组。shun [sth] vtr (avoid [sth]) (故意避开某事物)避开，躲避，逃避The teenager shunned his homework, preferring to play video games.那个少年逃避作业，更喜欢打游戏。shunt [sth] vtr (vehicle: push to side)搁置；把…撂在一边The workers shunted the old, broken-down car off the road.shunt [sth/sb] vtr figurative (move aside)将某人或某物转移到另外的地点The old man shunted the cart that was on the sidewalk.shunt [sth] vtr (train: move to different track)使火车转轨或调轨The railroad workers shunted the engine to a side track.shunt [sth] aside vtr + adv (move to side)将某物拨拉到一边；让某物放到一边shunt [sth] aside vtr + adv (vehicle: push to side) (车辆)将...挤到一边；将...逼到一侧shut [sth] vtr (close)关闭，关上；闭上，合上，合拢；使停止营业，关门It was getting cold, so Mike shut the window.天气冷了，麦克把窗户关上。shut [sth] tight vtr + adv (close tightly)紧紧关闭；紧紧关上shut your eyes, shut your eyes to [sth], close your eyes to [sth] v expr figurative (ignore [sth])视而不见She shut her eyes to her husband's activities.shutter [sth] vtr (close shutters)关上…的百叶窗Bill shuttered his shop before going home for dinner.shutter [sth] vtr US, figurative (close down)停业；倒闭shuttle [sth/sb] vtr (transport between two points)在两地往返运送There is a bus to shuttle people between the car park and the entrance to the theme park.有一趟公交车在停车场和主题公园入口之间往返运送乘客。be shy of [sth] v expr (having just under [sth])不够的, 不足的, 不到的I am a little shy of the 300 dollars I need to buy the new stereo.我需要买的新音响设备价值300美元，我现在还差一点。sic [sth] on [sb], sick [sth] on [sb] v expr (urge dog to attack [sb]) (狗)命令…攻击If you don't get off my property I'm going to sic the dogs on you.sic [sth/sb] on [sb], sick [sth/sb] on [sb] v expr figurative (urge [sb] to pursue [sb])鼓动…纠缠, 派…攻击be sick of [sth/sb] v expr informal (be weary or bored of [sth/sb])厌倦…的；对…感到厌烦的After all this snow, I am really sick of winter!下了这么多雪，我真的厌倦了冬天！be sick of doing [sth] v expr informal (be weary of doing [sth])厌烦做某事的；厌倦做某事的I'm sick of looking for shoes for you; please pick something out.我厌倦了陪你试鞋子，请赶紧挑一双吧。be sick with [sth] v expr (feel extreme: worry, anxiety, fear)极为焦虑的；心烦意乱的；极为担心的The boy's mother was sick with worry when he didn't come home.男孩儿没有回家，他母亲极为担心。be sick and tired of [sth] v expr informal (have had enough of)厌烦；厌倦I'm sick and tired of living in this freezing cold house.我厌倦了住在这冰冷刺骨的屋子里。get sick and tired of [sth] v expr informal (start to be weary, exasperated)厌倦；厌烦I'm getting sick and tired of that child's whining!be sick to death of [sth/sb] v expr figurative, informal (have had enough of)极度厌倦；极度厌烦sickle [sth] vtr (cut with a sickle)用镰刀割A man sickled the tall grass at the edge of the field.side of [sth] n (cut of meat) (动物)肋肉Please give me a side of beef.请给我一份牛肋肉。sidearm [sth] vtr (baseball: throw swinging sideways)侧投...sideline [sb/sth] vtr figurative (push to one side)推到一边，边缘化Local news coverage was sidelined by the volcano eruption.sidestep [sth], side-step [sth] vtr (step around to avoid)向一边跨一步以避免；跨开以避免Nicki skillfully sidestepped the patch of ice on the sidewalk.sidestep [sth], side-step [sth] vtr figurative (avoid)避免, 回避The company sidestepped serious financial difficulties, but it is not safe yet.sidle up to [sb/sth] v expr (move furtively)悄悄的走；侧身而行The cowboy sidled up to the bar and ordered a whiskey.siege [sth/sb] vtr (attack, assail)攻击；围攻The army sieged the fortress.sieve [sth] vtr (strain)筛分；筛选Olivia sieved the vegetables.奥利维亚将蔬菜筛分好。sieve [sth] vtr (remove lumps, separate)筛；滤Jeremy sieved the flour into the bowl.杰里米将面粉筛进碗里。sift [sth] vtr (sieve: flour, sugar) (面粉等)筛Sift the flour to remove any lumps.过筛面粉，去除块状物。sift [sth] vtr (sieve, strain: sand, etc.) (沙子等)筛，过滤The old man sifted the sand to look for bits of gold.老人筛沙淘金。sift through [sth] vi + prep figurative (sort through: papers)查看；细看I was sifting through papers when I found your letter.sigh for [sth], sigh after [sth] vi + prep figurative (pine, yearn)渴望；渴盼Rachel is still sighing after that promotion.sigh [sth] vtr (express with a sigh)叹息说；叹着气说"Not again," Martin sighed, looking at his watch and seeing that Adam was half an hour late.亚当迟到了半个小时。“怎么又是这样？”马丁看着自己的手表叹气说。sight [sth/sb] vtr (observe, spot)观测；观察；观赏After waiting an hour the tourists were delighted to sight dolphins.等待了一个小时，游客们终于得以观赏海豚了。sight [sth] towards [sth] vtr (weapon: aim)用...瞄准He sighted the arrow towards the target.他用箭瞄准目标。sight-read [sth] vtr (read without sounding out letters)无声阅读备注: 并非默读，而是指省掉发音阶段，直接识别文字。sight-read [sth] vtr (script: read unprepared) (戏剧表演，指没有事先准备的)即兴朗读，即兴念剧本sign, sign of [sth] n (portent, presage)征兆；预兆Some people say that when cows lie down, it is a sign of rain.有的人说，如果牛躺下，就是要下雨的征兆。sign [sth] vtr (add signature to)签名于, 签字于He signed the form at the bottom.他在表格下方签了名。sign, sign for [sth] n (sign language)手语Do you know the sign for "cat" in American Sign Language?sign [sth] vtr (autograph)在…上签名The movie star signed many autographs that day.sign [sth] vtr (communicate using gestures)打手势交流；打手势来表达Since the boss had laryngitis, he had to sign his approval of our idea with his head.sign [sth] vtr (say in sign language)打手语说；打手语示意The two signed their conversation so they wouldn't make noise.那两人打手语进行交流，这样一来他们就不会发出声响了。sign for [sth] vi + prep (acknowledge receipt)签收I will sign for this so you have a record of delivery.sign out of [sth] v expr (computer, website) (计算机，网站)退出，登出When you've finished shopping, you should sign out of the site.完成购物后，你应登出那个网站。sign [sth] over vtr + adv (transfer legally)签字转让；签字放弃It won't be his property until you have legally signed it over.sign [sth] over to [sb] v expr (transfer legally to [sb])签字把...转让给...He signed over the house to his ex-wife and their children.sign [sb] up for [sth] v expr (enrol [sb] for [sth])为…报名参加The mother signed her kids up for summer camp.母亲为孩子们报名参加夏令营。sign [sb] up to do [sth] v expr (enrol [sb] to do [sth])为某人报名做某事Amanda signed her mother up to do a six-week computer course for beginners.阿曼达为母亲报名参加一个为期六个月的电脑初学者课程。sign up to do [sth] v expr informal, figurative (agree to do [sth])同意做某事Brian signed up to take part in a sponsored bike ride for charity.布莱恩同意参加为慈善机构赞助的自行车骑行。signal [sth] to [sb], signal to [sb] that vtr (communicate sign)向某人示意…Harry signalled to Jasmin that they should leave.亨利向加斯明示意该走了。signal [sth] vtr (be a sign of)标志；表明；预示There was a siren that signalled the beginning of the working day.工作日开始时，你会听到信号。signalize [sth] (US), signal [sth] (UK) vtr (indicate)标志着；表明；表示signify [sth] vtr (mean)意思是；有…的意思What does "spare" signify in "Spare the rod and spoil the child"?signify [sth] vtr (indicate by signs)表示；示意We believe that his silence signified consent.signpost [sth] vtr often passive (provide with a signpost)设路标It's easy to miss the turn because the natural reserve is not signposted from the road.signpost [sth] vtr figurative, often passive (indicate clearly, make obvious)明显预示The factors that contributed to the economic downturn were well signposted.silence [sth] vtr (stop sound)让（声音）停下来，使…无声；消音；消除…的噪声；打哑（炮火）Agatha silenced the music, so everyone could hear what Oliver had to say.阿加莎让音乐停下来，这样人人都能听到奥利弗要说什么。silence [sth] vtr figurative (put a stop to)压制；制止The landowners successfully managed to silence all complaint by bribing the villagers.silhouette [sth/sb] vtr often passive (make appear in silhouette)使呈现轮廓The sunshine silhouetted the statue against the ground.silo [sth] vtr (store in silo)窖藏；用贮藏库储藏The farmer siloes grain in a big container.农名将谷物贮藏在一个大容器中。simmer [sth] vtr (food: boil slowly)慢炖；小火炖；文火炖Simmer the soup for fifteen minutes, until the vegetables are soft.用文火炖汤十五分钟，直到蔬菜变软。simonize [sth], also UK: simonise [sth] vtr (polish [sth] with wax)给…上光蜡simplify [sth] vtr (make less complex)简化；使...简单；使...简明The company hired a consultant to simplify the production process.simplify [sth] vtr (make easier)使…简易；使…容易Making the invitations myself will simplify everything and it will also be cheaper.simplify [sth] vtr (math: reduce fractions) (数学)简化The students learned to simplify fractions in math class.simulate [sth] vtr (mimic)模仿The wind machine simulates hurricane-force winds.simulate [sth] vtr (person: mimic)模仿；模拟The impersonator simulated Elvis Presley.simulate doing [sth] v expr (enact, act out)模拟The university's flight simulator realistically simulated flying a plane.simulcast [sth] vtr (broadcast simultaneously) (电视和电台)同步播放，联播The race will be simulcast on three different television networks.sing [sth] vtr (perform: a song)唱（歌）；演唱They stood up and sang the national anthem.他们起立并唱国歌。sing the praises of [sth/sb], sing [sb/sth]'s praises v expr figurative (praise)赞美；称颂，赞颂singe [sth] vtr (burn the ends or edges of)烧焦…的边儿；燎了...的边儿The candle flame singed the cat's whiskers.single [sb] out for [sth], single out [sb] for [sth] v expr (give [sb] particular attention)单单…某人；唯独…某人Liam's classmates singled him out for bullying because he was shy.利亚姆的同学们单单欺负他，因为他比较害羞。sink [sth] vtr (ship, boat: cause to sink) (指船)使沉没, 使下沉, 击沉The torpedo sank the ship.鱼雷击沉了那艘船。sink [sth] vtr figurative (cause to fail)使…失败The stock market crash sank the company.sink [sth] vtr (dig)挖；掘The mine owner is sinking a new shaft over there.We plan to sink a well.sink [sth] vtr (engrave)刻上；镌刻The engraver sank the initials into the cup.sink [sth] vtr US, informal, figurative (lose: money)输钱；赔钱He sank ten thousand dollars, gambling last weekend.sink [sth] vtr US, informal, figurative (ignore, suppress)掩盖；压制The government aide pressurised the newspaper to sink the story.sink [sth] vtr informal (golf: putt a ball) (高尔夫球术语)击...入洞He sank the putt on his first attempt.sink [sth] vtr informal (billiards: pocket a ball) (台球等)把...击入球袋，击...入袋It was a difficult shot, but he sank the ball.sink [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (cause to penetrate)将...插入The gardener sank his shovel into the earth.sink [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (push or thrust into)将...埋入Sitting on the beach, Audrey sank her hands into the warm sand.sink [sth] vtr slang (alcohol: drink)喝酒sink your teeth into [sth] v expr (bite)咬；撕咬The vampire sank his teeth into her soft neck.sink your teeth into [sth] v expr figurative (do with enthusiasm)热衷于；对...有热情I'd like an acting role I can really sink my teeth into.sinter [sth] vtr (heat into a mass)烧结The worker sintered the powder into one solid mass.sip [sth] vtr (drink in sips)抿，小口喝Jasper sipped his cocoa.贾斯帕一小口一小口地喝着可可。siphon [sth], syphon [sth] vtr (drain, draw off)用虹吸管吸出Amy siphoned gasoline from her car.siphon [sth], syphon [sth] vtr figurative (misappropriate) (钱财等)抽走, 私自转移The boy siphoned his father's pocket change so he could buy baseball cards.siphon [sth] off, syphon [sth] off vi + adv (liquid: draw away)虹吸He had to siphon off gasoline from another car because his car was out of gas.siphon [sth] off, syphon [sth] off vi + adv figurative (funds: divert) (资金)抽走In order to avoid taxes, the business man started to siphon off his money to multiple accounts in the Bahamas.sit [sth] vtr UK (take: an exam)参加…考试I'm sitting my proficiency exam next week.sit on [sth] vi + prep (seat yourself on)坐在…上The walkers sat on a fallen tree to rest their legs.步行者们坐在一棵倒下的树上休息。site [sth] vtr (locate)设置；使在…位置；使坐落于；设立在We decided to site it twenty miles from here.situate [sth] vtr (locate, place)使坐落于；使位于We want to situate the office near good transport links.the size of [sth] n figurative, informal (state of affairs)事态的严重程度The government is still trying to assess the size of the situation, but it doesn't look good.size [sth/sb] vtr (sort by size)按大小分类；按高矮分类The teacher sized the students from shortest to tallest.size [sth] vtr (cover, stiffen with size)给…上浆；给…上胶Quilters size fabric to make it easier to handle.绗缝机给织物上浆，使它们操作起来更方便。size [sth/sb] vtr often passive (measure)测量；估算We need to get you sized for your bridesmaid dress.为了制作你的伴娘礼裙，我们需要测量你的身材尺寸。size [sth/sb] up for [sth] v expr (measure for clothing) (为穿衣)给...测量尺寸，估计...大小The tailor sized Morris up for his wedding suit.裁缝测量了莫里斯的尺寸来为他定制结婚礼服。sjambok [sth/sb] vtr S.Africa (beat with sjambok)用粗皮鞭抽打skank [sth] vtr informal (steal [sth])偷窃，偷盗；盗取skein of [sth] n figurative ([sth] coiled, twisted) (头发等)一缕，一束A skein of hair was stuck in the drain.skein [sth] vtr (wind into a long coil)把…绕成一绞The old woman carefully skeined the wool.sketch [sth] vtr (draw quickly)给…画速写，快速勾勒Julie sketched the house and garden.朱莉快速勾勒出房子和花园。sketch [sth], sketch [sth] out, sketch out [sth] vtr (give a brief description of)简要描述；概述Mary sketched the plot of the film for those who hadn't seen it.skew [sth] vtr often passive (slant)使斜；使歪斜；使倾斜Brian's shoulder nudged the painting, skewing it.布莱恩的肩膀把画给顶歪了。skew [sth] vtr figurative (distort)歪曲；曲解Irrational prejudices can skew people's perceptions of others.不理智的偏见可能导致我们曲解他人。skew [sth] vtr figurative (statistics: distort) (统计学)使偏斜The researchers chose their research subjects carefully, in order to skew the statistics to give the result they wanted.为了得到自己想要的结果，这些研究员精心挑选了科研题目，以扭曲统计结果。skewer [sth] vtr (cookery: put on a skewer) (烹调方法)穿到叉子上烤The chef skewered the pork medallions and put them on the grill.skewer [sth] vtr figurative (pierce through)刺穿The man skewered the pillow with a knife.skilled in [sth], skilled at [sth], skilled at doing [sth] adj + prep (dexterous, practised)在…方面技术熟练的；对…很在行的My mother is skilled in the crafts of sewing and baking.我母亲对缝纫和烘焙很在行。skim [sth] vtr (glide over)掠过The swan finally took off, skimming the surface of the water for several yards.天鹅掠过水面几码，终于飞走了。skim [sth] vtr figurative (read a text quickly)略读；浏览；快速读Jake skimmed the report, looking for any mention of problems.杰克快速浏览了一遍报告，看有没有提到问题的地方。skim [sth] vtr (milk: remove surface)撇去（牛奶表面的）奶脂The dairymaid skimmed the milk.奶场女工撇去牛奶表面的奶脂。skim [sth] vtr (throw: bounce along surface)使…从表面掠过； (指用石子等)打水漂I spent hours trying to skim stones across the surface of the lake.我花了好几个小时，想用石子在湖面上打水漂。skim [sth] vtr figurative (money: steal) (钱)盗取，窃取； (收入)为了逃税而隐瞒Josh was found guilty of skimming money from the business.skim the fat off [sth] vtr (remove fat from top of)将…上的脂肪撇去After milking the cows, we skimmed the fat off the milk and made butter.skimp on [sth] vi + prep (be frugal, stingy with)在…方面节俭Many old people skimp on food in order to enable them to pay the bills.skimp on [sth] vi + prep (use poor resources)节省；吝啬Darcy really skimped on the party supplies; she used flimsy paper plates and the wine glasses are plastic!skin [sth] vtr (remove skin from)去…的皮；剥掉…的皮The hunter skinned the rabbit he had caught earlier that day.猎人剥掉了自己那天早些时候捕到的兔子的皮。skin [sth] vtr (scrape)擦破…的皮；刮伤…的皮The kid skinned his elbow when he fell off the bike.那个小孩从自行车上摔下来，擦破了皮。skin [sb/sth] alive vtr + adj (flay while living)活剥…的皮The Inquisition had prisoners skinned alive to make them confess to supposed sins.the skinny, the skinny on [sth] n slang (gossip, latest news)...的内幕, ...的小道消息What's the skinny on that job interview you had?你之前的那次工作面试有什么最新消息没？skip [sth] vtr informal (not attend, miss)故意不出席； (学校)旷课, 翘课I skipped the meeting because I was too busy.我太忙了，所以没去开会。skip [sth] vtr informal (omit)省掉；省略My advice is to skip the second course, and leave room for the fish.我建议省掉第二道菜，留点肚子来吃鱼。skip [sth] vtr informal (pass by)跳过；略过He skipped three chapters of the book.这本书他跳过了三章没读。skip [sth] vtr US, figurative (education: omit a grade) (在学校)跳级My parents would not let their child skip third grade.我父母肯定不会让我跳级的。skip [sth] vtr figurative (avoid)避开；绕开When driving around here, it's hard to skip all the holes in the road.skip [sth], also UK: skim [sth] vtr (make ricochet)用...打水漂She skipped a flat stone over the surface of the pond.她用扁平的石块在池塘上打水漂。skipper [sth] vtr (captain or drive: a boat)当船长You need to have a recognised qualification to skipper one of our boats.skipper [sth] vtr (captain: a cricket team, etc.) (板球队等)当队长He skippered his team to victory in the test match.skirt [sth] vtr (border on)围绕在...周围；位于...边缘The fields skirt the highway on both sides.高速公路两边是大片田野。skirt [sth] vtr (be on the border)位于…的边缘；在…的边缘The town skirts both Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire.skirt [sth] vtr (pass along border)经过…的边缘；走过…的边沿You'll have to skirt Paris on your way to the south.skirt [sth] vtr figurative (avoid)避开, 绕开He skirted the issue by leaving the meeting quickly.skirt around [sth], also UK: skirt round [sth] vi + prep figurative (topic: avoid) (话题)回避He skirted around the subject and managed not to mention it.skirt around [sth], also UK: skirt round [sth] vi + prep (go round edge of)绕过skite [sb/sth] vtr Scot (strike sharply)猛击skive [sth] vtr UK, slang (schoolchild: play truant)旷课；逃课skive [sth] vtr UK slang (employee: avoid work)旷工skive [sth] vtr rare (cut slices off)削薄；切削Veronica skived the meat and gave it to her children.skyjack [sth] vtr (hijack: an aircraft)劫（机）；劫持（飞机）skyrocket [sth] vtr informal, figurative (catapult)猛然将…抛出, 弹出The baseball player skyrocketed the ball into the sky.slab [sth] vtr (make into slabs)把…切成厚片slacken [sth] vtr (loosen)使松；使…松弛Robert slackened his grip on the bar.slake [sth] vtr (quicklime: mix with water) (石灰)使…熟化slam [sth] vtr (door: close violently)砰地关上...The teenager slammed the door as she left the room after another argument with her parents.少女在再次与父母发生争执后，摔门而去。slam into [sth/sb] vi + prep (collide with, hit)砰地撞上The racing car spun off the track and slammed into the wall at high speed.赛车高速飞出车道，砰地撞上了墙。slam [sth/sb] vtr (hit forcefully)猛击；砰砰地撞击The waves slammed the shore.海浪拍击着沙滩。slam [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep (hit forcefully against [sth])将…使劲推到...上；推得…撞上...She slammed him into the door and knocked the breath out of him.她将他使劲推到墙上，瞬间让他喘不上气来。slam [sth] vtr (brakes: use suddenly)猛然刹车；急刹The driver slammed the brakes so hard that he set off his airbag.司机刹车踩得太狠，激活了安全气囊。slam [sth] vtr (criticize harshly)猛烈抨击；严厉批评The critics slammed the director's new film.评论家们猛烈抨击了那位导演的新作品。slam [sb/sth] for doing [sth] v expr figurative, informal (criticize)因某人做了某事而对其大肆抨击The boss slammed Norma for getting the order wrong.老板因诺尔玛弄错了订单而对她大肆抨击。slam [sb/sth] for [sth] vtr + prep informal, figurative (criticize, attack verbally)为某事大肆抨击某人Henry slammed Daniel for his mistake.slam [sth], slam [sth] down vtr (put down forcefully)使劲扔；用力扔；砰地放下Ursula slammed the book on the table.slam into [sth], slam out of [sth] vi + prep (leave or enter violently)砰地推门进入；砰地关门离开William slammed out of the room after his boss fired him.slam-dunk [sth] vtr (basketball: score from above rim) (篮球)灌篮，扣篮slam [sth] shut vtr + adj (door: close violently) (门)将...砰地一声关上slam-dunk [sth] vtr (play basketball shot)灌篮；扣篮slant [sth] vtr (angle)调整…的倾斜角度Josh slanted the keyboard until it was at the right angle for him to type.slant [sth] vtr figurative (present in a biased way)歪曲；以偏颇的方式呈现The report slanted the data to make it look more favourable to the party's views.slap [sb/sth] vtr (hit with open hand) (针对人)给…一耳光，搧…一巴掌Wendy slapped Carl when she found out he'd been cheating on her.温迪发现卡尔一直欺骗自己后，搧了他一巴掌。slap [sth] vtr (hit with slapping noise)拍打The waves slapped the shore.slap against [sth] vi + prep (hit with slapping noise)重重地撞在…上；拍打在…上The waves were slapping against the rocks.slap [sth] on [sth], slap [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep (bring down sharply)啪地将…重放在…上；啪地将…摔到…The teacher slapped the book against the desk to get the class's attention.slap [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (apply haphazardly) (随意地)涂，涂抹Larry slapped the paint on the wall.slash [sth/sb] vtr (cut: physically)切开，割开；砍The burglar slashed the sofa cushions to see if there was anything hidden inside.窃贼把沙发垫子割开，看里面是否藏有什么东西。slash [sth] vtr (cut: spending)大幅度消减；削减Management slashed this department's budget last year, so there were a number of projects that had to be abandoned.slash [sth] vtr (make sweeping strokes)砍；劈The musketeer slashed the air with his sword.slate [sth] vtr (cover with slates)用石板铺；用石板遮盖Mike decided to slate the roof, rather than using tiles.麦克决定用石板铺屋顶，不用瓦了。slate [sth] for [sth] vtr + prep mainly, US figurative, often passive (plan, schedule)将…计划用作；预定将…用作The factory is slated for closure.工厂将计划关闭。slate [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep mainly US, figurative, often passive (put on a shortlist) (提名)提名…为候选人；选定；预定This senator is slated for vice president in a few years.这位议员已获得内定，几年内就能成为副总统。slate [sb] to do [sth] v expr figurative, often passive (put on a shortlist)将…列入做…的候选人名单slate [sth/sb] vtr UK, informal, often passive (give a bad review)激烈抨击；严词批评The critics slated the author's latest novel.评论家们狠狠抨击了这位作者的最新小说。slate [sth] vtr (movie-making) (电影制作)把…写在场记板上slather [sth/sb] with [sth], slather [sth/sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (cover thickly)为...涂上厚厚的Next I slather the slices of bread with butter and place them in the hot frying pan.Jane slathered her children in sunscreen.slather [sth] on/onto [sth/sb], slather [sth] on/onto [sth/sb] vtr + prep (apply thickly)在…厚厚地涂上I always slather aloe vera on bad sunburns.slaughter [sb/sth] vtr (kill many)屠杀During the Rwandan genocide, members of the Hutu majority slaughtered Tutsis.卢旺达种族灭绝期间，作为大多数族裔的胡图族成员大肆屠杀图西族人。slaughter [sth] vtr (kill animals for food)屠宰；宰；杀The abattoir worker slaughtered the bullock.slay [sb/sth] vtr literary (kill)杀死；杀害The knight slew his enemy.sledge [sth/sb] vtr UK (transport on a sledge)用雪橇搬运The rescue workers sledged supplies up the mountain in search of two lost skiers.sleek [sth] vtr (hair, skin: make smooth) (毛发)使油亮，使有光泽； (皮肤)使光滑，使光洁润泽Steve looked in the mirror and sleeked his hair.sleep on [sth] vi + prep (lie on to sleep)在…上睡觉；睡在…上面His back hurts because he sleeps on a concrete floor.由于睡在水泥地上面，他的背很难受。slenderize [sb/sth], also UK: slenderise [sb/sth] vtr (make slimmer) (人)使苗条，使变得苗条； (物)使变得细长a slew of [sth] n informal (many, a lot of [sth])很多；许多A whole slew of applications came at the last minute.slew [sth], slue [sth] vtr (mast: swing around)使…旋转The crew slewed the mast to prepare for departure.slew [sth], slue [sth] vtr (turn abruptly, swerve)使…突然转向；使…侧滑The driver slewed the car around the corner.slice [sth] vtr (cut into slices)把…切成片The butcher sliced the ham.屠夫将火腿切成片。slice into [sth] vi + prep (cut into with a knife) (为切片而)将刀切入…Maggie sliced into the cake.玛姬将刀切入蛋糕。slice of [sth] n figurative (share of [sth])份；部分The company is hoping to gain a bigger slice of the market next year.slice [sth] vtr (tennis or golf shot: hit curved) (高尔夫)斜切（球）The golfer sliced the ball.高尔夫球手用斜切的技法击球。slice through [sth] vi + prep (cut effortlessly) (毫不费力地)切开，划破，划开Ned sliced through the packaging.内德划开了包装。slice through [sth] vi + prep figurative (move through like a knife) (如匕首般)切开，劈开，破开The ship sliced through the water.这艘船破浪前行。slice [sth] off vtr + adv (sever: a thin piece)切下slick at [sth] adj + prep figurative (person: practiced)熟于…的；对...熟练的This company is very slick at advertising.这家公司在打广告方面手法熟极而流。slick at doing [sth] expr figurative (person: practiced)做…熟练Patricia is slick at making sales.帕特丽夏做销售工作很熟练。slide [sth] vtr (pass lightly)将...推给；轻滑…来传递Slide the butter dish down the table to your sister, please.把装黄油的盘子推给你妹妹。slide into [sth] vi + prep (fall gradually into state)陷入…After losing her job, Susan slid into a deep depression.失业后，苏珊陷入了深深的抑郁中。slim [sth] vtr (reduce, decrease)缩小，缩减；减少Profits are down, so we're going to have to slim the budget for next year.利润下降，因此我们必须要缩减下一年的预算。slime [sb], slime [sth] vtr (cover in slime)用粘土覆盖Tamsin took a handful of mud from the river bank and slimed Edgar's arm with it.sling [sth] vtr informal (throw)扔；抛；投Jake lost his temper and started slinging plates at the wall.杰克勃然大怒，开始往墙上砸盘子。sling [sth] vtr (hang loosely)悬挂；挂Evelyn slung the washing from the line.slip [sb] [sth] vtr (give surreptitiously)偷偷给某人某物The grandmother slipped her grandson a sweet.Veronica's father slipped her a few dollars to pay for her night out.祖母偷偷给孙子了一颗糖。 // 维罗妮卡的爸爸偷偷给她塞了几美元，让她晚上出去玩儿的时候有钱花。slip [sth] vtr (place gently)轻轻放置He slipped the necklace over her head.slip [sth] vtr (undo a knot)解开；松开The sailor slipped the rope from its knot.slip [sth] vtr (mention casually)偶然提到；无意说起He slipped the subject of marriage into the conversation.slip [sth] vtr (slide: open or shut) (以滑动的方式)推开；关闭She smoothly slipped the door shut.slip [sth] vtr (get loose from)滑出；滑落The boat slipped its moorings.The dog slipped its collar.slip of a [sb/sth] n (person: young, small, slim) (指人)小；小人；小家伙Bobby is just a slip of a boy.At 16, Jennie is still a slip of a thing and has no experience of the world of work.slip [sth] in, slip in [sth] vtr + adv informal, figurative (activity, event: fit into schedule) (指计划或日程)把...加进去，把...插进去slip [sth] in, slip in [sth] vtr + adv (insert, interject)插入；塞入slip into [sth] vi + prep figurative (put on: clothing)利落地穿上（衣服）Give me a minute to get out of my work clothes and slip into something more comfortable.slip into [sth] vi + prep figurative (room: enter quietly)悄悄溜入（房间）Martin slipped quietly into the conference room as the meeting had started.slip [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (put into)将...塞入；将...放进Jennifer slipped the birthday card into the envelope.Morris slipped the key into his pocket.slip into [sth] vi + prep (move smoothly)流畅地滑到The gun slipped easily into its holster.slip into [sth] vi + prep (fit easily)轻松塞入；轻松放进This camera slips into a pocket or small purse.slip into [sth] vi + prep figurative (deteriorate)陷入（某种糟糕的状态）The empire was slowly slipping into chaos before his eyes.slip off [sth] vi + prep (slide off)从...掉落；从...滑落How can my favourite vase have slipped off the mantelpiece?slip on [sth] vi + prep (fall after sliding on)滑倒在…上She slipped on the icy pavement and broke her hip.她滑倒在结冰的人行道上，摔坏了股骨。slip over [sth] vi + prep (fit easily onto)把…套在（某物上）；给（某人）披上；给...穿上The glove slipped easily over his hand.slip stitch [sth] vtr (use slip stitch)用跳针织；用漏针织slip through [sth] vi + prep (be undetected)悄悄通过The door was left opened and I think we can slip through it without being seen.He slipped through security undetected.slit [sth] vtr (cut a slit)在…开狭长的口子Paula slit the cushion and pulled out the stuffing.宝拉在靠垫上撕开一道狭长的口子，把填料去了出来。sliver, sliver of [sth] n (splinter, thin piece)薄片；裂片；碎片Frank had a sliver of glass lodged in his foot.sliver, sliver of [sth] n (thin slice, portion)薄切片"Would you like some cake?" "Oh, go on, then - just a sliver."slobber over [sth] vi + prep figurative, informal (enthuse about, fawn over)痴迷；沉迷；嗜好slog [sth] vtr (hit wildly)猛击，重打The boxer slogged his opponent repeatedly.slog away to do [sth] v expr informal (work hard to do)努力做某事，拼命做某事slop [sth] vtr (splash, spill)溅出；溢出slosh in [sth] vi + prep (splash through: mud, etc.)涉水而行；溅出The children sloshed in the puddles after the rain.slot [sth] vtr (cut slots in)为…安排时间This tool is designed to slot the boards.slouch [sth] vtr (shoulders: cause to droop) (肩膀)使…垂下Bill slouched his shoulders as he sat down.slough [sth] vtr (shed, cast off)蜕皮In spring the snake sloughs its old skin.slow [sth] vtr (reduce the speed of)降低…的速度；放慢…的速度He slowed the car to look at the accident scene.slow-walk [sth] vtr figurative (delay [sth]'s progress)拖拉；拉慢slug [sb/sth] vtr slang (hit with fist)用拳击；用拳猛击The boxer slugged his opponent.那位拳击手用拳猛击对手。slug [sth] vtr (gulp: a drink) (饮品)灌下，喝一大口Ethan slugged his beer and belched loudly.伊森喝下一大口啤酒，打了个响嗝。sluice [sth] vtr (drain, empty of water)泄出；放出；排出sluice [sth] vtr (flush with water)以水冲洗The young sailor's job was to sluice the decks of the ship.slump on [sth] vi + prep (sit in ungainly way)弓腰驼背地坐在My boyfriend likes to slump on the sofa watching TV all evening.我男朋友喜欢弓腰驼背地坐在沙发上，整晚上看电视。slump onto [sth], slump into [sth] vi + prep (flop down) (重重地)倒在，跌入She slumped into the armchair and sighed heavily.她倒在扶手椅上，深深地叹了口气。slur [sth] vtr (say indistinctly)含混不清地说，大着舌头说Brian had had a lot to drink and was slurring his words.布莱恩喝多了，说话都大舌头了。slur [sth] vtr (musical notes: play smoothly)连奏...The guitarist used a slide to slur the notes.吉他手用滑奏将音符连了起来。slurp [sth] vtr (eat or drink noisily)发出声音吃喝The diners slurped their soup greedily.slurry [sth] vtr US (chemistry: prepare suspension) (化学)准备悬浮液smack [sb/sth] vtr (hit with open hand) (用掌)打，掴When a stranger pinched Wendy's bum, she turned around and smacked his face.有个陌生人捏温蒂的屁股，温蒂转身就打了他一耳光。smack [sb/sth] vtr (hit loudly)啪啪地打The falling apple smacked the roof of the house, before tumbling into the garden.smack into [sth/sb] prep informal (directly and forcefully into)直接撞上；猛然撞到…上I turned and ran smack into the door, breaking my nose and two teeth.smarten [sth] vtr (make neater, tidier)使…整洁；使…井然有序Julie smartened the room before the visitors arrived.smash [sth] vtr (break noisily)哗啦一声打碎Oliver smashed the bottle against the wall.奥利弗把瓶子摔在墙上打碎了。smash [sth/sb] vtr (hit violently)猛烈撞击Philip had had enough of Edward's nasty remarks, so he smashed him.smash [sth] vtr (sports: hit hard) (体育运动)扣球，重扣The cricket player smashed the ball.Audrey raised her racket and smashed the shuttlecock.smash [sth/sb] vtr figurative (destroy, wreck)使破灭；使粉碎Linda told Nancy she had a terrible singing voice and smashed her dreams of becoming a pop star.smash [sth/sb] vtr (defeat, destroy)击败；摧毁The troops were ready to smash the enemy.smash [sth/sb] vtr figurative, informal (sports: defeat soundly) (体育)击溃The home team smashed the away team, winning 6-0.smashing of [sth] n (act of shattering)破坏；损坏；打碎The smashing of a glass is a traditional Jewish wedding custom.a smattering of [sth] n (minimal knowledge of [sth])略知；一知半解I speak fluent Greek and have a smattering of Portuguese.a smattering of [sth] n (small quantity)少量；一点There was a smattering of mud on the wall.smear [sth] vtr (smudge)弄脏，把…弄模糊，把…弄花Don't touch the wet paint or you'll smear it.别碰湿油漆，否则会将它弄花。smear [sth] on [sth], smear [sth] onto [sth], smear [sth] over [sth] vtr + prep (apply, layer on [sth])将…涂抹在…上My grandmother used to smear goose fat on my father's chest when he had a cough.我爸爸咳嗽的时候，祖母会将鹅脂涂抹在他的胸脯上。smear [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (cover with [sth]) (在食物上涂抹酱料等)在…上涂抹…Jeremy smeared the cake with whipped cream and decorated it with strawberries.杰里米在蛋糕上抹上打发后的奶油，然后点缀上草莓。smell [sth]/[sth] vtr (detect by smell)嗅到；闻到She smelled garlic and knew that her friend was cooking.她闻到了蒜味，知道朋友在做饭。smell [sth] vtr figurative (detect in general)发觉, 感觉到, 察觉出； (比喻察觉到)嗅出He smelled trouble when the others started arguing, so he left the bar.smelt [sth] vtr (metals: fuse, melt) (金属)熔炼, 冶炼Randall is a metal worker who smelts metals.smile [sth] vtr (express with a smile)微笑着说；用微笑表示He smiled his approval when the waiter poured more wine.smile [sth] vtr (make a particular smile)...地笑；以某种方式笑She smiled a wide grin when she won the game.smile on [sb/sth], smile upon [sb/sth] vi + prep (bless with good fortune) (幸运之神)向…微笑，给…好运God smiled upon us and gave us a good crop this year.今年，上帝向我们微笑，给了我们一个好收成。smile at [sth] vi + prep (regard with pleasure) (觉得高兴，满足)为…而微笑Danny smiled at the memory of dancing with Laura.smile at [sth] vi + prep (regard with amusement) (觉得有趣)对…觉得好笑She smiled at the innocence of the little boy's question.smirch [sth], besmirch vtr (dirty, soil)弄脏, 污染smirch [sb/sth], besmirch vtr figurative (defame)诽谤, 造谣中伤smite [sb/sth] vtr archaic (strike, hit)袭击, 打击, 重击Zeus smote the young soldier with a bolt of lightning.smith [sth] vtr (make out of metal) 没有提供翻译 The metal worker smithed a bracelet out of bronze.smith [sth] vtr (work metal) 没有提供翻译 The metal worker smithed the bronze into a bracelet.smitten by [sth] adj + prep (afflicted with) (疾病等)受...侵袭的；受…折磨的；深受…之苦的Cattle smitten by the disease had to be put down.染疫的牛必须被安乐死。smoke [sth] vtr (inhale: cigarette, pipe, etc.) (指香烟、烟斗及雪茄等)吸, 抽He smokes a pipe.他抽烟斗。smoke [sth] vtr (cure food using smoke) (食品处理方法)熏；熏制The fishmonger smokes his own herring.鱼贩子自己熏制鲱鱼。smooth [sth] vtr figurative (situation) (局势等)缓和Her explanation smoothed the situation with the customer.smooth [sth] vtr figurative (feelings, emotions) (指情绪、感情等)缓和, 缓解She smoothed his feelings with her kind words.smooth [sth] vtr (surface)使平滑；使光滑She smoothed the icing on the cake with a spatula.smooth [sth] vtr (hair, clothing) (指头发、衣服)平整, 抚平, 弄平She smoothed her hair after getting off the roller coaster.smooth the rough edges off [sth] v expr (file down)磨掉…的角；磨掉…的硬边You can smooth the rough edge off the metal with a file or with sand paper.smooth the rough edges off [sb/sth] v expr figurative (refine)磨掉…的棱角；挫去…的锐气As soon as they were married she started trying to smooth the rough edges off him.smoothen [sth] vtr (surface: make smooth) (物体表面)使平滑smoothen [sth] vtr (thick liquid: remove lumps, etc.) (浓稠液体)使...顺滑smoothen [sth] vtr (skin: make fine) (皮肤)使...平滑smoothen [sth] vtr (text: make fluent) (文章)使...流畅a smorgasbord of [sth] n figurative (varied selection)大杂烩The ladies' eyes lit up at the smorgasbord of beautiful jewelry set before them.smother [sth], smother [sth] with [sth] vtr (a fire) (火)闷熄，压灭When the chip pan caught fire, Peter used a towel to smother the flames.铁锅着火了，彼得用毛巾将火焰扑灭。smother [sth] vtr (suppress by covering)盖过；遮住；覆盖The mint has smothered my parsley.薄荷的味道盖过了欧芹的味道。smother [sb], smother [sb] with [sth] vtr (with love, kisses, etc.) (以致于让人透不过气来)过多地给予Imogen's mother smothered her with attention.母亲的关注让伊莫金感到窒息。smother [sth] in [sth] vtr (cover thickly)厚厚地覆盖Sally smothered the chicken breast in sauce.smother [sth] vtr (stifle, suppress) (控制感情外露)压住，压抑住James had to smother a laugh when his boss stepped in dog mess.smudge [sth] vtr (make [sth] dirty)弄污；弄脏The mud smudged Amanda's new skirt.smudge [sth] vtr (smear, blur)把…搞模糊The artist applied paint to the canvas, then smudged it.smug about [sth] adj + prep (excessively self-satisfied about)对…自鸣得意；自我陶醉于…的；对…沾沾自喜Adam has just run his first marathon and he's very smug about it.亚当刚跑完自己的第一个马拉松，很是沾沾自喜。smuggle [sth] vtr (import [sth] illegally)走私Kate was caught smuggling drugs.凯特走私毒品时被抓住。smuggle [sth] in vtr + adv (bring [sth] in against rules) (违反规则)悄悄带进，将…偷偷带入Janice was in hospital and the doctors had put her on a strict diet, so she asked her husband to smuggle in some chocolate. Despite the security measures at prisons, people still manage to smuggle in drugs.珍妮丝在住院，医生让她严格控制饮食，所以她让老公偷偷给她带点巧克力进来。尽管监狱的安保措施很严格，但人们还是设法将毒品偷偷带进去。smuggle [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (bring [sth] in against rules) (违反规则)悄悄带进，偷偷拿入The visitor smuggled a hacksaw blade into the jail so that the prisoner could escape.来探望那个囚犯的人悄悄带进来一把锯刃，好让他越狱。smuggle [sth] out vtr + prep figurative (take [sth] out against rules)将…偷运出去，将…偷带出去Dan liked the beer glass so he smuggled it out under his jacket.丹喜欢那个啤酒杯，所以将其藏在夹克下面偷带了出去。snack on [sth] vi + prep (eat between meals)吃…点心Maggie snacks on chocolate bars when she's bored.玛姬无聊的时候总喜欢吃巧克力点心。snaffle [sth] vtr UK (take for yourself)偷；偷拿SNAFU [sth], snafu [sth] vtr US, acronym, slang (make chaotic)使...混乱, 使...一团糟snag [sth] vtr (clothing: catch, tear) (衣物)使挂住, 使勾破, 使抽丝My daughter always seems to snag her clothes.我女儿经常挂破衣服。snag [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (clothing: catch or tear on [sth]) (衣物等)在…上钩破了Alan snagged his trousers on a bramble as he walked along the forest path.阿兰在森林里散步的时候，不小心在荆棘上钩破了自己的裤子。snag [sth] vtr US, figurative, slang (understand)理解snag [sth] vtr slang, figurative (catch, obtain)得到，获得，搞到；抓住Rachel managed to snag a table by the window.The new sales rep always snags the best customers before anyone else gets a chance.snap [sth] vtr (break with noise)咔嚓折断Mary was holding a twig in her hands and she snapped it.玛丽手里拿了一根小树枝，然后咔嚓一声折断了它。snap [sth] vtr informal (take a photo) (摄影)拍照, 照相The photographer snapped a picture of the celebrity.snap at [sth] vi + prep (seize: opportunity) (机会等)迅速抓住The dancer snapped at the chance of auditioning for the Royal Ballet.那名舞者抓住了参加皇家芭蕾舞团的试镜机会。snap [sth] vtr (make cracking sound)使…发出劈啪声；使…噼啪作响The slave master snapped the whip to make the slaves work harder.奴隶主把皮鞭甩得劈啪作响，以此让奴隶们更加卖力地工作。snap out of [sth] v expr slang (quickly end, stop [sth])快速停止；迅速恢复I wish Jenna would snap out of her bad mood.我希望詹娜能坏心情中恢复过来。snap [sth] shut vtr + adj (close abruptly)突然关上，急速关闭Wendy snapped the suitcase shut.snare [sth] vtr (catch animal) (用网、陷阱等)诱捕The hunter is trying to snare pigeons.猎人正在试图诱捕鸽子。snare [sth/sb] vtr (get, obtain)谋得；巧妙取得Neil is trying to snare a rich wife.snare [sb] into doing [sth] vtr (manipulate into doing [sth])诱惑；诱入…圈套Pippa is trying to snare Ben into going to the party.snare [sth] vtr US (sports: catch) (棒球、橄榄球等)用手好不容易地接住snarf [sth] vtr slang (eat or drink quickly)很快地吃， 很快地喝snarl [sth] vtr (express angrily)咆哮着说；大喊大叫地说Jack could see he didn't have a choice. "OK," he snarled, "I'll do it."snatch [sth] vtr (take, grab quickly)快速抢走，迅速夺走The seagull swooped down and snatched the sandwich from Lisa's hand.海鸥猛扑下来，飞快地从丽莎的手中抢走了三明治。snatch [sth] vtr (steal)偷走；窃走The thieves snatched the diamonds from the jeweller's display.snatch [sth] vtr (take hurriedly)抽出（时间），抽空做，抓紧时间做；抓住（机会）After his night out, Adam snatched a couple of hours sleep before getting up for work.snatch [sth] away, snatch [sth] back vtr + adv (remove suddenly)一把抽开；劈手夺过Sally snatched her hand away when Josh tried to take hold of it.snatch [sth] vtr (gain by narrow margin)险胜The home team snatched victory in the last minutes of the game.snatch [sth] up, snatch up [sth] vtr + adv (grab)夺取；抢到Karen snatched up her keys from the table and ran out of the door.sneak [sth] vtr informal (steal)偷；窃；偷窃Rick's mother said he couldn't have any biscuits, but he sneaked one from the barrel anyway.sneak [sb/sth] in vtr + adv ([sb], [sth]: bring in unseen)将…偷偷带入He hid the file in a birthday cake to sneak it in to the prisoner's cell.sneak [sth] out vtr + adv (remove secretly)将…偷偷拿走The shoplifter sneaked the CDs out in his pockets.商店扒手将许多CD放进口袋偷偷拿走。sneak out of [sth] v expr (leave secretly)悄悄地避开, 偷偷地溜出The boys sneaked out of the dormitory and went to meet their friends.sneak up on [sb/sth] v expr (approach stealthily)偷偷地接近sneer [sth] vtr (say [sth] scornfully)讥笑着说；嗤笑道"Is that the best you can do?" Brian sneered.sneer at [sth/sb] vi + prep (make scornful face at)嘲笑；讥笑；取笑Be careful about sneering at someone; your face could freeze that way.sneer at [sth/sb] vi + prep (show scorn or contempt for)蔑视；讥笑The spoiled child sneered at her poorer classmate's patched clothing.sneeze at [sth] vi + prep often in negative (treat with contempt)轻视；看轻A raise plus an enhanced bonus package? That's not to be sneezed at!snick [sth] vtr (cricket: glance off bat) (板球术语)打削球, 削球The ball snicked the bat before hitting the stumps.snick [sth] vtr (cut slightly)微微切开；切出小缝Use a cutting board; you're going to snick the table!snicker [sth] (US), sn*** [sth] (UK) vtr (say with a snide laugh)窃笑着说；暗笑着说"You think that's a good painting?" John snickered.sniff [sth] vtr (smell [sth])闻；嗅Alice sniffed the bouquet of flowers.爱丽丝闻了闻那束花。sniff [sth] vtr (inhale through nose)通过鼻子吸入；用鼻子吸进Derek sniffed cocaine off the back of his hand.sniff at [sth] vi + prep (smell)闻；嗅The dog was sniffing at the food cupboard, indicating he was hungry.be sniffy about [sth] v expr informal, figurative (be disdainful, snobbish about)对...态度轻蔑的；看不起...的；对...不屑一顾的The sales assistant was really sniffy about ordering the item I wanted; I won't be shopping there again!snig [sth] vtr Aus/NZ (log: drag with chain) (原木)用链子绑在一端拖snip [sth] vtr (cut, trim)剪；剪断；剪下Jasmine snipped her bangs in front of the mirror.snippet of [sth] n figurative (scrap of news, information)剪报I only heard a snippet of the news story; do you know the details?snivel about [sth] vi + prep (whine, complain)哭诉；哭着抱怨；哭哭啼啼地说Jack hasn't done any work today; he's just been sniveling about the project.snooker [sb] into doing [sth] v expr US, figurative, slang (deceive into doing)骗某人做某事Jeffrey snookered his younger brother into giving him his lunch money.snoop around [sth] vi + prep informal (investigate, pry)巡逻，巡视Curious about her new neighbors, Diane snooped around their house, trying to peer into windows.snooze [sth] vtr (notification: switch off temporarily) (通知)延迟；推迟Harriet snoozed her notifications so that she would not be distracted by her phone while she was in the meeting.snort [sth] vtr slang (drug: sniff, inhale) (粉状毒品)吸，吸入Jessica snorted the line of cocaine.洁西卡吸了一溜可卡因。snow [sb] under with [sth] v expr usually passive (overwhelm with work, etc)忙于...的；因为...忙得不可开交Sorry I haven't called; I've been snowed under with work.snowplow [sth] (US), snowplough [sth] (UK) vtr (clear of snow)除雪Snowplows from the city had to be called in to snowplow the roads on the countryside.城里的扫雪机不得不被调来为乡间道路除雪。snub [sth] vtr (show disrespect: [sth])不予理睬；拒绝The boss snubbed every suggestion Tom made.snuff [sth] vtr (candle: extinguish) (烛光)熄灭Make sure to snuff the candles before you leave the house.so much for [sth] expr informal (disappointment, failure)...只好作罢；...泡汤了So much for my plans to spend today at the beach; it's pouring with rain!soak [sth/sb] vtr (immerse in liquid)浸湿；使浸透Robert soaked his stained shirt in a bowl of water.罗伯特把脏衬衣浸泡在一盆水中。soak [sb/sth] vtr (by rain)使湿透The sudden downpour soaked the spectators.突如其来的瓢泼大雨把让围观者淋成了落汤鸡。soak [sb], soak [sb] for [sth] vtr mainly US, figurative, informal (get money from)向…敲竹杠；向…征重税；向…乱开价Tamsin soaked Paul for ten dollars.soak through [sth] vtr + prep (moisture: penetrate)渗入weigh [sth] soaking wet, weigh [sth] wringing wet v expr informal (barely weigh as much as)瘦得只有；瘦到只剩My cousin is so skinny; she probably only weighs 7 stone soaking wet!soap [sth/sb] vtr (apply soap to)用肥皂擦洗，在…上打香皂Tom soaped his face, then rinsed it.汤姆先在脸上打上香皂，然后冲洗掉。soap [sth] up vtr + adv (create suds on [sth])给...擦肥皂；让...起泡sob [sth] vtr (say with sobs)抽泣着说；呜咽着说"But I don't want to go," the little girl sobbed.sock [sb/sth] vtr informal (hit)猛击；痛打Josh socked the man who had insulted him on the jaw.乔希一拳打在侮辱他的那个男人的下巴上。sod [sth/sb] vtr UK, slang, vulgar (damn, screw)让…见鬼去吧；见鬼Sod this. I'm going home. You're firing me? Well sod you!sod [sth] vtr (place turf over)铺上草皮；铺草皮于We've decided to sod that patch of ground over there.soft-pedal [sth] vtr figurative, informal (downplay, try to minimize)对…轻描淡写，对…低调处理soft-pedal [sth] vtr (music: soften with soft pedal) (音乐)用弱音踏板降低…的音调soften [sth] vtr (make physically softer)使…柔软Soften the cheese by warming it in the oven.soften [sth] vtr figurative (effect: make less severe)减缓；削弱；降低Some judges want to soften the punishment for minor drug crimes.soil [sth] vtr (get dirty)弄脏，使脏； (比喻)污辱，玷污The wet ground soiled Patrick's shoes.泥泞的地面弄脏了帕特里克的鞋子。soil [sth] vtr (with excretion) (屎尿)弄污，弄脏The little girl was too embarrassed to ask where the toilets were and soiled her underwear.小女孩不好意思询问洗手间在哪里，结果弄脏了自己的内裤。sol-fa [sth] vtr (tune: sing to the sol-fa syllables)唱出...唱名旋律solder [sth] vtr (metal: fuse, join)焊接；焊Solder the matching ends of the two pipes.solder [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (metal: fuse together)使…和…焊接在一起The worker soldered the metal bar to the crossbeam.sole [sth] vtr (shoe: put a sole on)给…钉鞋底；给…装鞋底The shoemaker is soling the boots.鞋匠正在给靴子装鞋底。solemnify [sth] vtr (make solemn)使庄重；使郑重solemnize [sth], also UK: solemnise [sth] vtr (make [sth] serious in tone)语气严肃地说solemnize [sth], also UK: solemnise [sth] vtr (make [sth] formal)使庄严；庄严化solicit [sth] vtr (ask for)恳求；请求The artist solicited opinions on his new sculpture.solicit [sth] from [sb] vtr + prep (ask [sb] for)就某事向某人请求The organization solicited funding for a new program from the mayor.solicit [sb] to do [sth] vtr + prep (persuade [sb] to commit crime) (生意)兜售；招揽The duke had solicited one of his servants to commit the theft.solidify [sth] vtr (make solid)使成为固体Cold water will solidify coconut oil.solidify [sth] vtr figurative (make concrete)巩固；敲定We need to solidify our plans before Mr. Smith goes on vacation.solve [sth] vtr (equation, riddle: find solution) (数学)解, 解答； (问题、困难等)解决Have you solved the riddle yet?你解开谜语了吗？solve [sth] vtr (problem: find remedy)解答；解开；解决Working together, the programmers solved the problem with the code.两位程序员通过合作，解决了编码的问题。something akin to [sth] expr (similar to)类似；与...相似I can't really figure Gemma out; I'd say she's something akin to a Goth, but not actually quite a Goth.sool [sth] vtr Aus/NZ (incite dog to attack)指挥狗袭击soot [sth/sb] vtr (cover with soot)用烟灰覆盖；用烟灰弄脏A weak flame had sooted the inside of the gas oven.煤气炉被微弱的火焰熏的都是烟灰。soothe [sb/sth] vtr (comfort, calm)安慰；抚慰Maggie did her best to soothe the crying child.麦琪尽力安慰那个哭泣的孩子。soothe [sth] vtr (pain, irritation: reduce)缓解；缓和；减轻The ointment soothed the burning sensation of the wound on Jim's leg.药膏缓解了吉姆腿上伤口的灼烧感。sop [sth] vtr (soak in liquid)浸泡Sabby sopped her potatoes in the gravy.sop [sth/sb] vtr (soak, drench)使湿透The sudden burst of rain sopped the picnickers.sophisticate [sb/sth] vtr (make more refined)使复杂；使精巧We need to sophisticate the room before we have any visitors.sorrow over [sth/sb] vi + prep literary (feel sad about)因为…悲伤, 因为…伤心This poor woman is sorrowing over the loss of her husband.这位可怜的女士为丈夫的去世悲痛不已。sort [sth] vtr (put in order)排序；排列；整理Are you finished sorting those cards into alphabetical order?你把这些卡片按字母顺序排好了吗？sort [sth] vtr (classify)分类I sorted my bills into separate piles for each company.我把每个公司的账单单独归到一起。sound like [sth] vi + prep (have same sound as)声音和…很像；听起来和…很像My kids call it music, but their band sounds like noise to me.我的孩子们称其为音乐，不过，对我来说那支乐队的作品听起来和噪音一样。sound like [sth] vi + prep informal (would seem that)听起来像…，听上去像…From what you say, it sounds like he's an unpleasant person.根据你的描述，他听起来像是个不受人待见的人。sound [sth] vtr (alarm, etc.: set off)发出…声音；鸣警报The firefighter sounded the alarm.sound [sth] vtr (measure depth)用声音来测量或探测We have sounded the depths of the ocean.sound [sb] out about [sth] v expr figurative, informal (elicit [sb]'s opinion about [sth])探寻某人对某事的看法；打探某人对某事的观点He said he wanted to sound me out about his latest business idea.soundproof [sth] vtr (seal against noise)使…隔音；为…装隔音设备Dan soundproofed his basement so he could practice drums without bothering his neighbors.sour [sth] vtr figurative (spoil, turn bad)破坏；损害；糟蹋Nina's infidelity soured her relationship with her husband.妮娜的不忠损害了她与自己的丈夫之间的关系。sour [sb] towards [sb/sth] vtr + prep figurative (embitter)使…对…充满怨恨Several bad relationships had soured Neil towards women.好几次糟糕的感情使尼尔对女性充满怨恨。source [sth] vtr (obtain)寻求生产商, 从特定生产商处获得Where did you source these pencils?souse [sth] vtr (drench)浸，泡，浸泡；使湿透The soup pot suddenly fell off of the counter and soused the two women.sow [sth] vtr (spread: seeds)播种，播撒Pippa sowed some carrot seeds in her garden.皮帕在菜园里撒了一些胡萝卜种子。sow [sth] vtr (field: fill with seeds) (地、田)在…里播种，在…里种The farmer sowed the field with wheat.农民在地里播种小麦。sow [sth] vtr figurative (implant, introduce)散播, 传播, 煽动Oliver sowed doubt in Rachel's mind.The troublemakers sowed discontent among the villagers.奥利弗在瑞秋心中撒下了怀疑的种子。闹事者在村民中散布不满情绪。sow the seeds of [sth] v expr figurative (instigate [sth])播下…的种子All the gossip sowed the seeds of discontent among the bridge club ladies.space [sth] vtr (organize at intervals)分隔开；间隔开She spaced her appointments throughout the day.她将各种约见间隔排开，填满一日。space [sth] vtr (separate)间隔排列He spaced the papers evenly on his desk.Spackle [sth], spackle [sth] vtr ® (patch with Spackle)在...上抹墙粉备注: As a registered trademark, "Spackle" should be capitalized, but it is often not capitalized in informal communication.spade [sth] vtr (dig)铲；掘；用铁锹挖Through the window, Ursula could see the gardener spading the vegetable patch.spaff [sth] vtr UK, vulgar, slang (large sum: spend wastefully)浪费；挥霍spall [sth] vtr (building: break [sth] into bits)把...击碎span [sth] vtr figurative (idea: cross over) (比喻，思想、学问等)跨越, 横跨His ideas span both philosophy and economics.他的思想横跨哲学和经济学两大学科。span [sth] vtr (bridge, go across)横跨；跨越The fallen tree spans the stream.span [sth] vtr (endure)持续；贯穿；延伸His career in film has spanned four decades.spare [sth] vtr (use frugally)舍不得；吝惜Don't spare the olive oil. It has such a nice flavour.不要吝惜橄榄油。橄榄油的味道非常好。spare [sth] vtr (afford to give)分出Can you spare a little sugar?你能分出一点糖么？spare [sb] [sth] vtr (afford to give: [sb] [sth])给某人抽出某物；给某人匀出某物Could you spare me five minutes of your time?你能给我匀出五分钟的时间吗？spare [sth] vtr (conserve)节省；节约Try to spare your money, or you will be totally broke by Friday.spare [sb] [sth] vtr (not impose)使…免于；使…避免Spare me your insincere flattery. I know you don't mean it.那些虚情假意的奉承话就免了吧。我知道你也就随口说说。sparge [sth] vtr technical (sprinkle with water)喷淋sparge [sth] vtr technical (add air into)充氧a spark of [sth] n figurative (hint, trace)痕迹；迹象；一星半点Natalie had never shown a spark of enthusiasm for John's hobby.对约翰的爱好，娜塔莉从来没显示出一星半点的兴趣。spark [sth] vtr figurative (lead to)发动；触发；激发The police shooting sparked a riot.警察枪击案导致民众暴动。sparkplug [sth] vtr US, informal (inspire, animate) (非正式用语)激发；激励The new manager sparkplugged greater productivity among the sales team.spatchcock [sth] vtr (grill)剖开准备烧烤spatchcock [sth] vtr (insert inappropriate phrase) (语句)生硬插入spate of [sth] n (sudden large number) (忽然之间出现的)大量, 一大批Officials can't explain the recent spate of murders in the area.There's been a spate of complaints about the new junction.spatter [sth/sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (splash, sprinkle with: liquid)把某物喷溅到...上； (指液体)将某物洒到...上The baby spattered the wall with soup.婴儿把汤洒在了墙上。spatter, spatter of [sth] n (splash, spot)喷溅的污渍There was a spatter of mud on Anna's white coat.The artist had paint spatters on his apron.spawn [sth] vtr (frog, fish etc.: produce young) (青蛙、鱼等)产（卵）A frog spawns thousands of tadpoles every year.一只青蛙每年能产成千上万只小蝌蚪。spawn [sth] vtr figurative (lead to [sth])催生；造成；引起This bestselling novel has spawned a film and a video game.这本畅销书催生了一部电影和一款电子游戏。spawn from [sth] vi + prep figurative (be produced)产生自；源自A great many books and films have spawned from his original story idea.他最初的故事构思孕育出许多杰出的书籍和影片。spawn [sth] vtr figurative, pejorative (people: procreate)繁殖；生育（后代）That man is despicable; people like him shouldn't be allowed to spawn children.spay [sth] vtr (neuter: a female animal) (雌性动物)切去...卵巢The vet shaved the cat's abdomen before spaying her.speak [sth] vtr (a language) (语言能力)说, 讲Do you speak English?您会讲英文吗？speak [sth] vtr (tell)讲出；说出The guilty man decided to speak the truth.speaker, speaker of [sth] n (person who uses a language)说某种语言的人Speakers of Italian often find it quite easy to learn Spanish.意大利语使用者往往觉得西班牙语学起来比较简单。speaking of [sth/sb] adj + prep (staying on the subject of)谈起；说到；提到And speaking of Tom, how is he?spear [sth/sb] vtr (pierce with spear)用矛刺The hunter speared his prey.猎人刺穿了他的猎物。spear [sth] vtr US (sports: jab with stick) (杆、棍等)用...戳，用...捅，用...击打spearhead [sth] vtr figurative (lead, initiate)做…的先锋；带头做Logan was chosen to spearhead the new project in the marketing department.spec [sth] vtr informal (write specifications for)为…写说明书Spec the new product before you write the full report.specialize in [sth], also UK: specialise in [sth] vi + prep (study [sth] as main subject)把…作为专业；专修Tina decided she wanted to specialize in education.specialize in [sth], also UK: specialise in [sth] vi + prep (be an expert)专攻；专门研究As a lawyer he specialized in trademark law.specialize in doing [sth], also UK: specialise in doing [sth] v expr (be an expert in doing [sth])专门研究；专门从事Pediatricians are doctors who specialize in treating children.specify [sth] vtr (state exactly)明确说明；详细说明John specified that the article only related to the small region he had visited and not the whole country.specify [sth] vtr (state as requirement)规定；指定The company specified that only applicants with a relevant bachelor's degree would be considered for the post.speck of [sth] n (small spot of [sth])小点；微粒Tony noticed a speck of dirt on his trousers.speck, speck of [sth] n (small amount of [sth])一点；有些备注: Often used in negative sentences.I don't have a speck of sympathy for Donald; he has brought this misfortune on himself.speck [sth] vtr often passive (mark with small spots)使…产生斑点Mud specked the car's windshield, making it difficult to see.Mike's shirt was specked with mud from running in the rain.speckle [sth] vtr (mark with flecks)弄上斑点The paint speckled the bathroom wall.speckle [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep often passive (mark with flecks)加斑点；点缀The children speckled the Easter eggs with various colors.the specter of [sth] (US), the spectre of [sth] (UK) n figurative (unpleasant idea or image)挥之不去的可怕念头；萦绕心头的忧惧The specter of humiliation haunted Emma long after the embarrassing event.speculate on [sth] vi + prep (consider, think about)思考；考虑The government is currently speculating on the policy changes that need to be made.speculate about [sth] vi + prep (make guesses about)推测；猜测At this point in the investigation we can only speculate about the suspect's motives.spell [sth] vtr (word: write)拼写； (字母、写法等)拼出How do you spell that word? Nemanja always has to spell his name.那个单词怎么拼？尼曼亚总是得拼出自己名字的写法。spell [sth] vtr (signify)意味着；代表着If you cross that line, it will spell trouble.spellcheck [sth], spell-check [sth], spell check [sth] vtr (document: check spelling) (计算机)使用拼写检查功能，进行拼写检查Don't forget to spellcheck the file before you email it to me.spend [sth] vtr (disburse money) (金钱)花钱, 花费, 用掉The government is going to spend this money on projects.政府要把这笔钱花在几个项目上。spend [sth] vtr (effort: use) (精力)花费, 消耗, 耗费You shouldn't spend so much effort on his projects.你不该在他的项目上花这么多精力。spend [sth] vtr (pass time) (时间等)消磨, 打发, 花, 用I'm going to spend the day with my family.我要用这一天的时间来陪陪家里人。spend money on [sth] v expr (use money to buy)在...上花钱，为...花钱；花钱给...，花钱买...spend time doing [sth] v expr (devote time to doing)花时间做Parents are encouraged to spend time reading to their children.我们鼓励父母应花时间读书给孩子听。spew [sth] vtr (eject, discharge)喷出；射出；涌出The volcano spewed hot ash and lava into the air.spew [sth] out, spew out [sth] vtr + adv (eject, emit)喷出；吐出Vesuvius spewed out lava and gas.spew [sth] out, spew out [sth] vtr + adv figurative, pejorative (produce in great quantity) (比喻，轻蔑语)喷出，大量产出spice [sth] vtr (add spice)给…添加香料，加香料于Karen spiced the dish with peppers and ground coriander.凯伦将辣椒和香菜末作为香料放入菜里。spiderweb [sth] vtr (cover in spider webs)用蛛网覆盖Cracks spiderwebbed the windshield.挡风玻璃上布满了蛛网状的裂痕。spiff [sth/sb] up, spiff up [sb/sth] vtr + prep US, informal (make attractive)使...有吸引力；装扮；打扮spike [sth] vtr (add alcohol to)加酒精；把…烈酒搀入Peter got really drunk when some idiot spiked his drink.彼得的饮品中被人偷偷加了酒精，导致他烂醉如泥。spike [sth] vtr (hold with spike)用大钉钉；用尖物刺The bookkeeper spiked the bill.spike [sth] vtr (volleyball) (排球)扣spike [sth] vtr figurative (newspaper story: not run) (新闻故事，新闻报道)弃置，不用，不发表spiked, spiked with [sth] adj (alcohol added) (指掺有烈酒)掺有…的For lunch Margret ordered a glass of lemonade spiked with tequila.spill [sth] vtr (cause liquid to fall out) (液体)使溢出，使溅出，使泼出Rachel knocked the glass over and spilled the milk that was inside it.蕾切尔撞翻了玻璃杯，里面的牛奶泼了出来。spill [sth] vtr (disgorge contents)让...散落，让...掉出Bill dropped his bag and spilled the contents onto the floor.比尔的包掉了，里面装的东西掉了一地。spill [sth] vtr colloquial (divulge secrets)泄漏As soon as the police started questioning him, the criminal spilled everything he knew about the robbery plot.警方一开始审问罪犯，他就将自己所知道的关于抢劫计划的一切都抖搂出来了。spill [sb/sth] vtr (disgorge people/contents)使撒落，使散落；使下车，使下船The bag burst open and spilled its contents onto the ground. The car door opened suddenly and spilled Arthur onto the pavement.袋子爆开了，里面装的东西散落了一地。车门突然打开，亚瑟被甩到了人行道上。spill over [sth] vi + prep (liquid: overflow)从…溢出The river spilled over its banks during the spring flood.在春季发洪水期间，河水溢过了堤岸。spill over into [sth] v expr figurative (overflow)蔓延到；延伸到Try not to let your personal problems spill over into your work life. Civil unrest and rioting is starting to spill over into other suburbs.尽量别让你的私人问题蔓延到工作中去。内乱和暴动开始蔓延到其他郊区。spill over into [sth] v expr (go on longer than expected)延长到，拖到Tania could see that her work was going to spill over into the weekend again.塔尼亚看得出自己的工作又要拖到周末了。spin [sth] vtr (cause to rotate)使旋转；使转动Spin the wheel as fast as you can.以你的最快速度转动轮子。spin [sth] vtr (fibers: turn into thread)把…纺成纱线Weavers spin fibres into thread, and then make cloth.纺织工将纤维纺成纱线，然后制作布料。spin [sth] vtr (weave: a web)结网The spider spins a web to catch insects.蜘蛛结网，捕捉昆虫。spin [sth] vtr (washing machine: remove excess water) (洗衣机)甩干This washing machine spins the clothes for 10 minutes.洗衣机甩干衣物10分钟。spin [sth] vtr informal (tell: a story) (故事)编造, 编撰He spins some strange stories for his children.他编了些怪奇故事讲给孩子们听。；spindle [sth] vtr (fit a spindle to [sth])给…装纺锤，给…装纱锭；给…装轴spindle [sth] vtr (note: put on a spindle)把…放到插钉座上；把…穿到票据叉上Josh spindled the memo, resolving to read it later.乔什把备忘录穿到票据叉上，决定以后再读。spiralize [sth], also UK: spiralise [sth] vtr (vegetables: cut into strips)切成螺旋形；呈螺旋形spit [sth] vtr figurative (say angrily)愤恨地说；尖刻地说"I hate you!" she spat.spit [sth] vtr (expel from mouth)吐出The food was awful and Pippa spat it discreetly into her napkin.spit [sth/sb] vtr (pierce, impale)穿透；刺穿The jouster spitted his rival on his lance.spit [sth] vtr (thrust roasting rod into)把…串在签或叉上Spit the meat, then suspend it over the flames.spit on [sth/sb] vi + prep figurative (feel contempt for)唾弃I spit on your stupid class system.spitball [sth] vtr US (come up with ideas about)针对...集思广益The team was spitballing marketing ideas.splash [sth] vtr (water, liquid: displace)泼；泼洒The kids were splashing water at each other.孩子们互相泼水。splash [sb/sth] vtr (water, liquid: get on [sb])把（水、泥等）泼到…上；溅湿；溅脏The car splashed the pedestrian as it went through the puddle.汽车驶过水坑，溅了行人一身水。splash [sth] vtr figurative, often passive (news: display in noticeable way) (新闻)在显著位置刊登，以醒目的方式刊登The news of the actor's affair was splashed on the front page of every newspaper in the country.splatter [sth/sb] vtr (liquid: splash, spatter)溅上；迸上；洒在...上The car ran through a puddle and splattered me.那辆车开过一滩水，溅了我一身。splay [sth] vtr (spread out your body)伸展（身体）Samantha splayed her body on the large bed and soon fell asleep.splay [sth] vtr (spread out: legs, arms)张开（双臂）；伸展（四肢）The man sat down and splayed his legs.splice [sth] to [sth] vtr (wood, tape: join)拼接；联接The film broke in the projector and had to be spliced.splice [sth] vtr (rope: interweave) (绳索)搓在一起, 织成一股We learned how to splice a rope in boy scout camp.spline [sth] vtr (wheel: provide with splines) 没有提供翻译 splint [sth] vtr (limb: put into a splint)用夹板固定Be careful not to move the leg too much when you splint it.splinter [sth] vtr (break into splinters)使…碎裂Emily hit the chair leg hard and splintered it.埃米莉狠狠地击打椅子腿，使其碎裂开来。split [sth] vtr (cause to break)折断；弄坏He split the board by stepping on it.他用脚踩裂了木板。split [sth] vtr (separate)将…分为；把…分成The magician split the cards into three piles.魔术师将扑克分成三堆。split [sb/sth] vtr (people: divide)分裂；产生分歧The vote on fox hunting split the party 70-30.split [sth] in two vtr (halve, divide in half)一分两半；一分为二If we split the cake in two, we can have half each.split into [sth] vi + prep (divide, separate)分裂成；分裂为The road ahead split into two, one going north and one going south.split [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep often passive (divide [sth] into parts)把 …分成；把…分裂为Great Britain can be split into England, Scotland and Wales.split [sth] off, split off [sth] vtr + adv (break [sth] off)掰下；撕下split [sth] off from [sth] vtr + prep (break [sth] off [sth])从...上撕下；从...上掰下Jason split off a branch from the tree and used it as firewood.split [sth] up vtr + adv (divide into portions)将…分成几份I´m going to split up this pizza into four slices.我会将这个披萨分成四份。splurge on [sth] vi + prep (spend money lavishly on)在…上挥霍Rebecca splurged on new boots.splutter [sth] vtr (say incoherently)结结巴巴地说；语无伦次地说"But--but I--ah--," the man spluttered.spoil [sth] vtr (plan: ruin)弄糟；破坏；糟蹋You told Mary we were planning a party for her birthday? You've spoiled the surprise now!你跟玛丽说我们给她策划生日派对的事了？惊喜都被你给搅黄了！spoil [sth] vtr (enjoyment: ruin)把…给毁了；破坏…的乐趣Neil's bad mood spoiled the day at the seaside for everyone.尼尔的坏心情破坏了大家那天在海边的乐趣。spoil [sth] vtr (book, movie: reveal plot)剧透This review of the movie spoils the ending.这则电影点评包含结局剧透。spoil [sth], spoil your dinner vtr (appetite: ruin by eating [sth] else)影响胃口，破坏食欲Don't let the children eat candy this afternoon; they'll spoil their dinner.下午可别让孩子们吃糖果，不然他们会没胃口吃晚饭的。spoil [sth] vtr UK (ballot paper: invalidate) (选票)让...作废Nick spoiled his ballot paper by scribbling all over it.spoil [sth] vtr (ruin by revealing plot details) (因剧透)扫兴；破坏...的兴致Don't tweet about the film yet; you'll spoil it for others.spoiling for [sth] adj (eager for [sth])迫不及待的；按捺不住的spokesperson, spokesperson for [sb/sth] n figurative (representative)代言人He's suddenly become a spokesperson for the working poor.他突然成了贫苦人民的代言人。sponge [sth] vtr (clean with sponge)擦拭；擦掉；擦去Brian sponged his shirt after he spilled coffee on it.sponge [sth] vtr (stain: clean with sponge)用海绵擦拭；用海绵清理Linda sponged the wine stain on the carpet.sponge [sth] on, sponge on [sth] vtr + adv (apply with a sponge)用海绵擦sponge [sth] up, sponge up [sth] vtr + adv (liquid: absorb)用海绵吸Trevor sponged up the spilt milk with a piece of kitchen roll.sponsor [sth/sb] vtr (advertise to support) (出于广告自己产品的目的)赞助A DIY store sponsors this home improvement programme on the TV.一家“自己动手”商店赞助了这一家居装修电视节目。sponsor [sth] vtr (legislation) (立法议案)倡议；发起The senator is sponsoring the bill.spoof [sth] vtr (parody)讽刺, 笑话, 戏弄； (台湾)恶搞, kusoThe young filmmakers spoofed a well-known sci-fi film.spool [sth] vtr (transfer between spools)把（绕起来的线等）放出The machine spooled the tape, playing back the recording.spool [sth] vtr (put on spool)绕线圈；卷绕Ben spooled the loose thread.spool [sth] vtr (computing) (计算机)假脱机输入或输出The programmer changed the destination where the program will spool data.spoon [sth] vtr (use a spoon)用勺子舀Spoon the fat off the top of the soup when it cools.汤冷却后，把表面的脂肪舀出掉。spoon [sth] out, spoon out [sth] vtr + adv (distribute with spoon)用勺子把...舀出来spoon-feed [sb] [sth] vtr (give food by spoon)用匙喂某人某物Erica spoon-feeds her daughter liquid vitamins.spoon-feed [sth] to [sb] vtr (give food by spoon)用匙将某物喂给某人The nurse has to spoon-feed medicine to the patient.spoon-feed [sb] [sth] vtr figurative (give information)将…填鸭般灌给某人The source spoon-fed the journalist secret information.spoon-feed [sth] to [sb] vtr figurative (give information)将…填鸭般灌给某人The informant spoon-fed leaked information to the reporter.sport [sth] vtr (wear)穿（衣服），穿戴；留着（胡子、发型）Amanda was sporting a T-shirt with the slogan "I'm with Stupid!"阿曼达穿着一件T恤，上面印着“我和笨蛋在一起”的标语。sport [sth] vtr figurative (have: [sth] visible)明显地带有James is sporting a black eye after his fight with Bob.詹姆斯与鲍勃打了一架，一只眼睛带有明显淤青。sport with [sth] vi + prep literary (play)玩；玩耍；玩弄How cruel he is, to sport with my emotions in this way.spot [sth] vtr (detect, see)发现；看到The policeman spotted the criminal and started running after him.警察发现了罪犯，开始追他。a spot of [sth] n informal, UK (small amount of [sth])一点点；一丁点Would you like a spot of tea? Robert asked Dan if he fancied a spot of lunch.spot [sth] vtr (stain)使变污；使有污点The oil splashed and spotted the tablecloth.spot [sb] [sth] vtr informal (lend)把...借给Hey man, can you spot me twenty dollars?哥们儿，能借我20美元吗？spot [sth] vtr (place)把…放在某位置上The mobile phone mast was controversially spotted near the school.spot [sth] vtr (sports: place) (体育运动)放置, 摆放The referee spotted the ball too close to the goal after the penalty.spot clean [sth] vtr (remove stain, mark)清除污点；清除印记spot-weld [sth] vtr (fuse metal)熔焊；点焊spotlight [sth] vtr (direct spotlight onto)使灯光聚焦到；将聚光灯照到The technician spotlighted the actor.技术人员将聚光灯打到这名演员身上。spotlight [sth] vtr figurative (public focus)使…变成焦点，让公众关注，使…变得醒目The recent crime spate spotlighted the effect budget cuts were having on the police force.最近犯罪事件频发让公众注意到预算削减对警力的影响。spout [sth] vtr (spurt: a jet of water)喷射出The hosepipe spouted water.spout [sth] vtr figurative, informal (talk: nonsense, etc.)喋喋不休地说；滔滔不绝地说Jeremy's spouting nonsense again.sprain [sth] vtr (injure a joint)扭伤John stood on a loose rock and sprained his ankle.约翰站在一块松了的石头上，扭伤了脚踝。spray [sth] vtr (apply as a fine mist)喷涂；喷Liam sprayed deodorant under his arms.利亚姆在胳膊下喷了些体香剂。spray [sth/sb] with [sth] vtr (apply a fine mist to)给…喷涂上…Patrick sprayed the table with polish.帕特里克往桌上喷了点光亮剂。spray [sth] on [sth/sb], spray [sth] onto [sth/sb] vtr (apply a fine mist to)将…喷洒在…上Helen sprayed the cleaning product on the windows.海伦将清洁剂喷在窗户上。spray [sth] vtr (paint using an aerosol)给…喷漆Amy took out the can of paint and sprayed the wall.spray [sth] vtr (solid objects: scatter) (固体)使…分散，使…散落The machine gun sprayed bullets all around.spray [sth] vtr (bombard with bullets)向…扫射The gangsters sprayed the car with bullets.spray [sth] vtr (animal: mark with urine) (雄性动物)在…上撒尿My cat keeps spraying the same spot in the kitchen.spray [sth] vtr (sports: hit, throw wildly) (体育运动)把…打到各个位置，乱扔，乱打spray paint [sth], spray-paint [sth] vtr (paint using an aerosol)给...上喷漆She spray-painted her car but it looks very blotchy.spread to [sth] vi + prep figurative (extend as far as)涉及到；延伸到His thirst for knowledge spreads to philosophy and even mathematics.他的求知欲延伸到了哲学甚至数学领域。spread [sth] vtr (propagate) (散播)传播, 散播, 传染Infected animals spread disease across the country.感染了病毒的动物把疾病传播到了全国各地。spread [sth] vtr (display, show off)陈列；展示The peacock spread his tail.孔雀开屏。spread [sth] vtr (separate)使分开；使张开Her mother spread her arms wide to welcome her home.她妈妈张开双臂，欢迎她回家。spread [sth] vtr (layer, smear)涂抹；涂I can't find a knife to spread this peanut butter.我找不到小刀来涂抹花生酱。spread [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (layer, smear)涂；抹He spread butter on the toast.他把黄油涂抹在面包上。spread [sth] over [sth], spread [sth] across [sth] vtr + prep (lay flat)把…摊平；把…展开She spread the shirt across the ironing board.她把衬衣铺在熨衣板上。spread [sth] vtr (move farther apart)使散开；使分散开The coach spread the players across the field.spread [sth] vtr (paint: apply) (颜料等)涂；抹First, spread the paint over the area.spread [sth] vtr (distribute)分摊；分配It's important to spread the wealth.spread [sth] vtr (scatter)撒；撒播My father is spreading seeds in the garden.spread-eagle [sb/sth] vtr (stretch out limbs)让...张开四肢spread [sth] out vtr + adv (extend, splay)张开；展开Spread your fingers out as wide as you can.尽量张开你的手指。spring from [sth] vi (emerge)喷出；涌出Water sprang from the fountain.那口泉眼泉水喷涌。spring from [sth] vi + prep (leap suddenly)突然从...跳起来；突然从...上蹦起来The frog springs from the lily pad.青蛙从荷叶上跳起来。spring from [sth] vi + prep (come into being)出现；形成；产生Flowers sprang from the plant.spring from [sth] vi + prep (come forth suddenly)突然出现；突然冒出来Blood sprang from the open wound.spring [sth] vtr (activate: a trap)触发弹簧开启或关闭The mouse sprang the trap.spring [sth] vtr (split, crack)使开裂；使破裂He sprang the handle of the broom.spring [sth], spring [sth] on [sb] vtr (disclose)忽然向...宣布；突然向...公布She sprang the news on us.spring [sth] vtr (leap over)跳过；跃过The runners sprang the hurdles.spring [sth] vtr US, slang (spend)花费, 用…钱She sprang fifty bucks on a new guitar.spring-clean [sth] vtr UK (house: clean thoroughly)对...进行大扫除springboard, a springboard to [sth] n figurative (launch pad, starting point) (比喻)出发点，发端； (达最终目标前的歇息点，比喻)跳板He saw the governor's office as a springboard to a national career.sprinkle [sth] on [sth], sprinkle [sth] onto [sth] vtr + prep (grain, powder: scatter) (粉状物等)将…撒在…上Oliver sprinkled sugar on his breakfast cereal.奥利弗将糖撒在早餐的麦片粥上。sprinkle [sth] on [sth], sprinkle [sth] onto [sth] vtr + prep (liquid: apply in small drops) (液体)将…喷洒在…上Nancy sprinkled water onto the shirt before ironing it.南希在熨衬衫前，先将水喷洒在上面。sprinkle [sth] in [sth], sprinkle [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (liquid: put in lightly)零零星星地将…洒到…中；将少量…洒到…中Harry sprinkled a few drops of vanilla essence into his cake mix.哈利往蛋糕粉里洒了几滴香草精。a sprinkle of [sth] n (seasoning: pinch)少量；一点点The barista added a sprinkle of cinnamon to the cappuccino.咖啡师在卡布奇诺咖啡里加了一点点肉桂粉。sprinkle sugar on [sth] v expr (put powdered sugar onto)在…上撒点糖；洒点糖在…上a sprinkling of [sth] n figurative (small amount)少量；一点点Anyone with a sprinkling of common sense would have known not to do that!spritz [sth] vtr (spray)喷；喷射spritz [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (spray with)用...喷...sprout from [sth] vi + prep (begin to grow out of [sth])从…长出来；从…冒出来A new shoot is sprouting from the main stem of the plant. A hair sprouted from the witch's nose.这株植物的主干上正抽出新芽。女巫的鼻孔里冒出了一根毛。sprout [sth] vtr (grow, acquire [sth])冒出；长出No matter how closely he shaves, George's chin is always sprouting more bristles by lunch time.不管乔治刮得多干净，他的下巴在午饭时分总是会冒出更多的胡茬。spruce [sth] vtr (make neat)修饰；把…打扮得漂漂亮亮Jemima spruced her hair, before she went out.sprue [sth] vtr (metallurgy: cut away sprues) (冶金学)去除…的熔渣spud [sth] vtr (start to drill: an oil well) (油井)钻A large drill bit was used to spud the well.spud [sth] vtr (weed with a spud)用除草铲铲除Cathy spuds her garden every Saturday.spud [sth] vtr (debark with a spud) (树皮)用铲刀剥The tree needs to be spudded once a year.spur [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep figurative (lead to action)驱策；鞭驰；鼓舞Getting beaten in his latest race has spurred the athlete to greater efforts.最近比赛中的失败让这位运动员更加努力了。spur [sb] to do [sth] v expr figurative (prompt to take action)激励某人做某事，促使某人做某事；鞭策某人某事Reading about human rights abuses around the world spurred Dan to work for an NGO.丹读到世界各地侵犯人权的情况，这促使他为非政府组织工作。spur [sth] vtr figurative (prompt)促进；推动What spurred your desire to be an actor?激励你成为演员的是谁？spur [sth] vtr (apply spurs to)装上马刺The cowboy spurred his boots and grabbed his revolver.spurn [sb/sth] vtr (reject [sb/sth]) (尤指傲慢轻蔑地)拒绝；回绝Kate spurned Dan's romantic propositions.spurt [sth], spirt vtr (liquid: make gush)喷出；喷射出Tim's wound was spurting blood.sputter [sth] vtr (food: spit, spray) (食物等)喷出, 喷溅The toddler sputtered mashed potatoes all over the table.sputter [sth] vtr (stutter, say inarticulately)语无伦次地说；结结巴巴地说"You-you can't!" the mayor sputtered.sputter [sth] vtr (coat with metal particles) (镀膜工艺)溅射The company developed a system to sputter glass more efficiently.spy [sth] vtr literary (notice, catch sight of)发现；看见；注意到I spied a new restaurant as we were coming home last night.昨晚回家的路上，我发现了一家新开的餐馆。spy on [sb/sth] vi + prep (observe secretly)窥探；窥视The nosy neighbor loved to spy on the couple next door.那个好管闲事的邻居喜欢窥探隔壁那对夫妻的生活。spy on [sb/sth] vi + prep (carry out espionage on)刺探；对...从事间谍活动Mata Hari was tried and executed for spying on the French.马塔·哈里因为刺探法军情报而受到审判并被处决。squabble over [sth], squabble about [sth] vi + prep informal (quarrel, argue about)就…争论；因…争吵My family constantly squabbles over the most insignificant issues.squander [sth] vtr (money: waste) (钱)浪费，挥霍Even though you have a good salary, you still shouldn't squander your money.尽管你工资高，但也不该这么挥霍。squander [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (money: waste on [sth]) (金钱等)大手大脚地花费, 浪费, 挥霍He squandered his entire inheritance on gambling.他在赌博上挥霍完了继承来的所有财产。squander [sth] vtr figurative (opportunity, etc.: waste) (机会等)浪费You mustn't squander this opportunity to meet the King.面见国王这种大好机会可不能浪费。square, square with [sth] adj (straight, level)水平的；齐平的Is this picture square with the other one?这幅画跟另一幅平齐吗？square [sth] vtr (make square)使成方形I squared off the planks to make them even.square [sth] vtr (math: multiply a number by itself) (数学)使...成平方；求...二次幂Three squared is nine.square [sth] vtr (shoulders: set) (肩膀)挺直The army recruit squared his shoulders when the sergeant entered the room.square [sth] with [sth] vtr informal (reconcile)使一致；使并存He squared his actions with his beliefs.square [sth] with [sb] vtr informal (settle)扯平；互不相欠I won't feel better until I've squared things with my brother.square up to do [sth] v expr (prepare to do [sth])准备好；做好...的准备squash [sth] vtr (press flat)压扁；压碎Rachel has a device to squash cans before they go in the recycling bin.瑞秋有一个易拉罐压缩机，可以先把易拉罐压缩好，再放入回收垃圾桶中。squash [sth/sb] vtr (opposition, revolt) (暴乱、异议份子等)粉碎, 镇压, 平息The government squashed the rebellion.squash [sth] vtr (crush, squeeze)压碎；压烂The large stone fell on Emily's hand, squashing her fingers.squash [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (compress to make fit)将…硬塞入；将…硬挤进Patrick squashed the clothes into the suitcase.squawk [sth] vtr figurative (person: utter in screeching tone)粗声叫嚷The old man shook his fist and squawked his disapproval.那位老人挥舞着拳头，粗声叫嚷来表达反对。squeak [sth] vtr (person: speak at a high pitch)尖声说话；尖叫'Eek! A spider!' squeaked Rosa.“啊！蜘蛛！”罗莎尖叫起来。squeak through [sth] vi + prep informal, figurative (pass narrowly)挤过；勉强通过（狭窄的地方）The car squeaked through the gap.be squeamish about [sth], be squeamish of [sth] v expr (easily nauseated by [sth])易引起呕吐；容易让人吐I could never be an entomologist as I'm squeamish about bugs.be squeamish about [sth] v expr (excessively scrupulous about [sth])过于谨慎的；过于小心的The CEO was not squeamish about using her power to obtain favors outside of work.squeegee [sth] vtr (clean with squeegee)用橡皮刮清洁squeeze [sth] vtr (compress with the hand)挤压；挤Robert squeezed the ketchup bottle, trying to get the last bit out.罗伯特挤了挤番茄酱瓶子，想把最后那点番茄酱挤出来。squeeze [sth/sb] into [sth] vtr + prep (fit into a small space)塞进；挤进Nancy squeezed all her belongings into the car and set off for her new life.南希把自己所有的东西都塞进车里，启程开始了自己的新生活。squeeze [sth] vtr (fruit: extract juice from) (果汁等)挤，榨William squeezed the oranges to make juice for breakfast.威廉姆为早餐榨了橙汁。squeeze [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (juice: extract)将（汁液）从…挤出；从…中榨出（汁液）Alice squeezed the juice from the lemons into a bowl.爱丽丝将柠檬汁从柠檬里挤到一个碗中。squeeze through [sth] vi + prep (pass through with difficulty)勉强挤过；用力挤着通过Roger squeezed through the crowd.罗杰勉强挤过人群。squeeze into [sth] vi + prep (fit into small space)硬挤入；硬塞入The crowd squeezed into the small room to listen to the speaker.人群硬生生地挤入那间小屋子去听发言人讲话。squeeze [sth] vtr (apply gentle pressure)紧握；紧紧握住Nancy squeezed Paul's hand to reassure him.南希紧紧握住保罗的手，借此让他安心。squeeze [sth] out vtr + adv (extract)压榨出；榨出；榨取Polly squeezed every last drop of juice out of the lemon.squeeze [sth] out of [sth] v expr (extract)从...中挤出，从...中压出；从...中榨出Tom squeezed the last bit of toothpaste out of the tube.squeeze [sb] out of [sth] v expr (exclude, push out)将...排挤出My grandfather was squeezed out of his job when the new boss took over.squelch [sth] vtr US (suppress, stifle)压制；镇压I squelched a laugh when Max tripped over his own foot.squelch [sth] vtr (silence, put an end to [sth])静音；制止The judged squelched the unsettled courtroom.squiggle [sth] vtr (scribble)潦草地写Thomas squiggled a tiny drawing of a cat.squirm out of [sth], squirm free of [sth] v expr (get free by wriggling)扭动着挣脱The little girl squirmed out of her mother's embrace and ran off to play with her friends.squirrel [sth] vtr figurative (hide, put away: money, etc.)藏；把…藏起来For years the old lady had been squirrelling her money in shoeboxes and drawers.长年以来，这位老妇人不断将她的钱藏在鞋盒以及抽屉里。squirt [sth] vtr (liquid: cause to spurt out) (液体)让...喷出，使...射出； (液体)挤出Peter squirted ketchup on his chips.彼得把番茄酱挤在薯片上。squirt [sth] vtr figurative (telecommunications: transmit quickly) (通讯)快速传输squish [sth] vtr (squash, squeeze)把…挤扁；把…压扁Squish the water out of the towel and hang it up.stab [sb] in the [sth] v expr (injure with [sth] sharp)刺在…的（某个部位）上The young man stabbed his victim in the leg.年轻人刺伤了受害人的腿。stab [sb/sth] with [sth] vtr (jab with finger, implement) (向某物)刺, 戳, 扎Oliver stabbed Adrian in the shoulder with his finger to emphasise his point.a stab of [sth] n figurative (sudden painful emotion) (情绪)忽然的一阵The speaker felt a stab of fear when she saw how many people were in the audience.stab at [sth] vi + prep (make jabbing motions)刺向；戳向；戳向Lisa grabbed a knife and stabbed at the intruder, hoping to scare him off.stabilize [sth/sb], also UK: stabilise [sth/sb] vtr (make stable, steady)使稳定；使稳固；使平稳The doctor was able to stabilize the patient's heart rate with medication.stabilize [sth], also UK: stabilise [sth] vtr (make even)使平稳；使稳住The ship's crew was able to stabilize the angle of the deck after the storm damaged it.stable [sth] vtr (horse: put in stable)将（马）关入马厩The riders stabled their horses.骑手将他们的马关入马厩。stable [sth] vtr (vehicle: park in depot)将（车）停入车库The drivers stable their delivery vans here.stack [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (pile up)将...叠加在；将...在...上堆成堆；将...迭加在...上Alison stacked the books on the table.艾莉森将书在桌子上堆成堆。stack [sth] vtr (shelves: fill)往（货架上）上货；堆放于The supermarket employee was stacking the shelves when Simon asked him which aisle the chocolate was in.当西蒙询问巧克力在哪条货道时，超市工作人员正在往货架上上货。stack [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (shelves: fill with [sth])将…上堆满…；在…上堆放…Maria was stacking the shelves with tins of beans.玛利亚正在往架子上堆放豆子罐头。a stack of [sth] n figurative, informal (large quantity)一大堆；大量I have a stack of work to do this week.我这周有一大堆工作要做。stacks, stacks of [sth] npl figurative, informal (large quantity)一大堆；大量The teenager complained his teacher had given him stacks of homework to do.那个年轻人抱怨自己的老师布置了一大堆作业。stack [sth] against [sb] vtr + prep figurative, often passive (weight [sth] unfairly)使情况对…不利He realised sadly that the odds were stacked against him.stack the deck against [sb/sth], stack the cards against [sb/sth] v expr informal, figurative (put [sb], [sth] at a disadvantage)用作弊手段让...处于劣势stack [sth] up vtr + adv (arrange in a pile)将…堆起来I stacked up all the books on my table.我将所有的书都堆在桌子上。staff [sth] vtr (provide [sth] with personnel)为…配备人员They staffed the company with temporary workers.他们给公司配备了一些临时工。stage [sth] vtr (artificially arrange)筹划；谋划The enemy had staged the crimes to make us look guilty.敌人谋划了这些犯罪活动，好让我们显得有罪。stage [sth] vtr (put on: a play)演出；上演The theatre troupe staged a comedy last autumn.剧团去年秋季上演了一出喜剧。stage [sth] vtr (arrange: an event)举办；举行The community stages a festival each spring.stage [sth] vtr (carry out)进行, 开展The army is set to stage an invasion tomorrow.军队定于明日进行侵略。stagger [sth] vtr (spread over time) (假期等)错开，使错开The staff staggered their holidays so there would always be enough people to keep the business running smoothly.员工们错开休假，这样总会有足够的人手来保证业务顺利运转。stain [sth] vtr (clothing, etc.)沾污；弄脏The wine stained Catherine's new dress.红酒弄脏了凯瑟琳的新裙子。stain [sth] vtr (add colour to wood, etc.)给…上色；给…着色Fred stained the wood a darker colour.弗雷德给那块木头上了个更深的颜色。stain [sth] vtr (cause disgrace to)玷污（名誉）The scandal stained the minister's reputation.那起丑闻玷污了部长的名誉。stake [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (risk [sth] on [sth])拿...打赌；用...冒险Helen staked her life savings on her new business venture.The politician has staked his reputation on the outcome of his latest policy.海伦把毕生积蓄都投入了新公司。这位政客是用自己的声誉赌他最新的政策。stake [sth] vtr (secure with poles)用柱支撑；用桩支撑Stake the tent over by the trees.stake [sth] vtr (plant: tether to support) (植物等)用棍子等撑住I need to stake the tomato plants so they don't fall over from the weight of the fruit.stake [sth] vtr (invest, finance)资助；投资；支持I will stake your new business venture.stalemate [sth] vtr (place in stalemate)陷入僵局The player stalemated his opponent's king.stalk [sb/sth] vtr (animal: follow stealthily) (指动物)悄悄跟踪；潜随The cat stalked the mouse.猫悄悄跟在老鼠身后。stalk [sth] vtr (spread menacingly)弥散；弥漫After the spate of murders, fear stalked the quiet town.stall [sth] vtr (car, engine: cause to stop)使抛锚；使熄火；使失速The learner driver in front of us stalled his car twice as he tried to pull away from the junction.我们前面的驾驶学员在交叉路口熄火了两次。stall [sth/sb] vtr (block, impede)暂时阻止；拖住；拖延住；阻碍，妨碍，阻挠The minister was accused of trying to stall the peace talks.部长被指控试图妨碍和平谈判。stall [sth] vtr (cause aircraft to lose lift) (飞机)使失速；使失去升力The pilot stalled his plane and had to make an emergency landing.飞行员让飞机失去了上升力后，不得不采取紧急迫降。stamp [sth] vtr (with ink)印上标记；在…上印The official stamped the forms and filed them.办事人员盖了章，将表格收了起来。stamp [sth] vtr (metal)冲压；模压Nancy stamped the metal plate with the letters.南希在铁板上冲压出字母。stamp [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep figurative (impress upon)将…印刻在The events of that summer were forever stamped on Liam's memory.stamp [sth] vtr (put postage stamps on)贴邮票于；将邮票贴在Ursula stamped the letter and took it to the postbox.stamp [sth] down, stamp down [sth] vtr + adv (compress with foot)把...踩平；把...踩扁stamp on [sth] vi + prep (affix label onto [sth]) (印花税票等)把...贴在…上；贴于This machine stamps on the labels so that each bottle is clearly marked.stamp out of [sth] v expr (walk out angrily)愤然离开；生气地离开She was so angry with her husband after their argument that she stamped out of the house.和丈夫争吵后，她十分气愤，生气地离开了家。stand [sth] vtr (set upright)竖放；立着放The children stood the dominoes on end.孩子们立着放好了多米诺骨牌。stand [sth] vtr (undergo)接受；经受Harry stood trial for murder.哈利接受了谋杀案的庭审。stand [sth] vtr (endure without yielding)经受住；承受住；忍耐住Veronica stood the torture bravely.维罗妮卡勇敢地承受住了折磨。stand [sth/sb] vtr (tolerate)容忍；忍受备注: Usually used where there is doubt, or with negatives.Tallinn is a beautiful city to visit, if you can stand the sub-zero temperatures.如果你能忍受低于零度的气候，那塔林这个城市就是个绝美的去处。stand [sb] [sth] vtr informal (treat, pay for)请某人的客做某事Will you stand me a drink?你能请我喝杯酒吗？stand on [sth] vi + prep (tread upon)踩在…上面；踏在…上Don't stand on that chair; you'll fall.别踩在那把椅子上面，你会跌跤的。stand to do [sth] v expr (be in a position)有可能做某事；处于...的情形The investor stood to make a fortune on the deal.那位投资人可能会从这笔生意中发大财。stand a chance of doing [sth] v expr informal (have a possibility)有可能；有机会The team realistically never stood a chance of beating Real Madrid.stand guard over [sb/sth] v expr (watch over, protect)看守，守护stand in the way of [sth] v expr (obstruct, impede [sth])妨碍；阻挠By refusing to sell this land you're standing in the way of progress.I won't stand in the way of your marriage.stand [sth] on end, stand [sth] on its end vtr + adv (place an object on its shortest side)竖立；竖起来The child stood the thin wooden blocks on end to represent people.stand out against [sth/sb] v expr (oppose publicly)公开反对；公开异议stand proud (of [sth]) vi + adj (jut out)傲立；傲立于stand [sth] up vtr + adv (place upright)使站立，扶起I knocked the vase over and had to stand it up again.我把花瓶撞倒了，必须再把它扶起来。stand up for [sth] v expr figurative (advocate [sth])捍卫；维护Martin Luther King Jr. stood up for the rights of African Americans.马丁·路德·金捍卫了非裔美国人的权利。standard time to do [sth] n (usual period required to do [sth])做某事的标准时间The standard time to approve a visa is 6 weeks.standardize [sth], also UK: standardise [sth] vtr (make [sth] conform)把…标准化Teachers were sent to the country's outlying islands in order to standardize the national language.staple [sth] to [sth] vtr (papers: attach)用订书钉将…钉在…上Janet stapled the memo to the report.珍妮特将备忘录钉在报告上。staple [sth] vtr (attach papers to one another)用订书机订Lauren stapled the papers in order to keep them together.Please staple your report before you hand it in.劳伦用订书机将纸张订在一起。 // 交报告前，请把它订好。star [sth] vtr (mark with an asterisk)贴上星号；打上星号The teacher starred the correct answers.老师在正确答案上打了星号。star in [sth] vi + prep (play a leading role) (电影、电视等)领衔主演The famous actress stars in a new drama.那位著名女演员在一部新剧中是领衔主演。star [sth] vtr (set with stars)在...贴上星星The students starred their art projects.starch [sth] vtr (clothes, ironing) (衣服)给…上浆Debbie starched the shirts.黛比给衬衫上了浆。stare at [sb/sth] vi + prep (gaze fixedly at)凝视着…；注视着…；目不转睛地看着…Agnes stared at the phone, willing it to ring.艾格尼斯目不转睛地看着电话，期待铃响。start doing [sth] v expr (begin doing)开始做某事When she stroked the cat, she started sneezing.当她摸那只猫的时候，她就开始打喷嚏。start [sth] vtr (begin)开始；启动The chairman started the meeting.主席宣布会议开始。start [sth] vtr (machine) (机械等)开动, 发动, 启动Start the car. It's time we left.把车发动起来。我们该走了。start [sth] vtr (establish)创立；成立；建立My grandfather started the family business.start [sb] doing [sth] vtr (cause to do [sth])使某人开始做某事Your words started me thinking.start [sth] afresh, begin [sth] afresh vtr + adv (begin again)重新开始，从头开始start off by doing [sth] v expr (do first)首先；第一步start [sth] off with [sth] v expr informal (begin with)以...开始；在...时首先...I like to start my day off with a three-mile run.start [sth] up again v expr (machine: reactivate)重新启动；重启；重新发动；重新激活startle [sb/sth] vtr (surprise, alarm)使…大吃一惊，吓了…一跳；使…惊讶You really startled us, bursting in like that.你忽然那样冒出来，真是吓了我们一跳。starve [sb/sth] vtr (deny food to)使…挨饿The man was convicted of animal cruelty after he starved his dog for weeks.那个男人饿了自己的狗几周，被判犯有虐待动物罪。；starve [sb/sth] of [sth] vtr + prep figurative (deprive of [sth])使…严重缺乏…The parents starved their children of affection.stash [sth] vtr (store or hide for future)储存，储藏，藏The old man stashed his savings in a shoebox.那个老人将积蓄藏在一只鞋盒里。state [sth]/that vtr (declare)表白；宣布The groom stated his love for the bride.新郎表白了自己对新娘的爱。state [sth] vtr (set forth formally)正式声明；正式宣布The president stated the policy in clear terms.总统明确正式声明了政策。station [sth] vtr (position, place)安置；派驻；使驻扎The coach stationed his players around the practice field.教练安排队员在训练场上的位置。staunch [sth], also US: stanch [sth] vtr (stop: blood, tears) (（血、泪等）)止住The medic used gauze to staunch the blood.stave [sth] vtr (barrel: break to open)在…上凿孔The mobsters threatened to stave every wine cask in the cellar.stave [sth] in, stave in [sth] vtr + prep (barrel: break to open) (指木桶等)打破；砸破stay [sth] vtr (remain for)停留在；持续到…结束I asked her to stay the night.我请她留下来过夜。stay with [sth/sb] vi + prep (keep up)跟着；赶上The driver stayed with the lead car.stay [sth] vtr (halt)停止；止住They managed to stay the disease with some rudimentary treatment.stay [sth] vtr (postpone)推迟；延期The governor stayed the execution of the criminal.stay [sth] vtr (hold back)控制；抑制This bread will stay your hunger for a while.stay away from [sth/sb] v expr (avoid, not go near)远离…；离…远点Stay away from me! I've got measles.离我远点！我得麻疹了。stay away from [sth] v expr figurative, informal (not indulge in) (比喻)远离I want to lose weight so I'm staying away from chocolate for a while.我想减肥，我暂时不吃巧克力了。stay clear of [sb/sth] v expr (avoid)避开；避免；躲开Stay clear of him, he's a bad influence!stay clear of [sb/sth] v expr (keep a distance away from)远离；与…保持距离Stay clear of the fire line; only fire fighters are allowed past the yellow tape.stay tuned for [sth] v expr (radio, TV: keep listening, watching for) (广播)继续听； (电视)继续看Stay tuned for these important announcements.请继续关注这些重要的通知。steady [sth] vtr (hold steady) (物体)使牢稳, 使不晃动Mark steadied the ladder as Laura climbed up it.马克扶稳梯子，让劳拉爬上去。steal [sth] vtr (take unlawfully)偷, 窃； (作品、创意等)剽窃The thieves stole my car!小偷偷走了我的车！ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 他剽窃了我的文章，我很生气。steal from [sth/sb] vi + prep (take illicitly from)从…偷走；偷走属于…的东西The employee had been stealing from the company for years before she was caught.这名雇员在被抓前已盗窃公司财物多年。steal [sth] from [sb] vtr + prep (take [sth] illicitly from)从...盗取；从...窃取The little boy stole sweets from the corner shop.steal [sth] vtr (obtain by ruse)用诡计获得；攫取That conman stole five hundred pounds from me.steal [sth] vtr (baseball: steal a base) (棒球术语)偷垒The runner stole second base before the catcher could react.steal [sth] vtr informal, humorous (take, borrow)借用；借I've forgotten my pen! Can I steal one of yours?steal a glance at [sth/sb] v expr (look quickly, furtively at)偷偷地瞥…一眼；偷看…一眼She stole a glance at him when she thought he wasn't looking.steam [sth] vtr (cook with steam) (烹饪方法)蒸Sean steamed some vegetables to go with the meal.希恩蒸了一些蔬菜下饭。steamroll [sth/sb] vtr figurative (overpower, crush)压倒，压垮，击败； (比喻)碾压steamroller [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep figurative (force [sb] into [sth])迫使...接受...steamroller [sth] through [sth] vtr + prep figurative (measure, law: push through)使...批准...steel yourself, steel yourself for [sth], steel yourself to do [sth] vtr + refl (get ready to face a challenge)做好准备面对（挑战）；坚强起来，坚强些Steel yourself, because big changes are coming!做好准备，因为大变革就要来了！steep [sth] vtr (infuse, brew)浸泡；泡Jessica steeped some nettles to make an organic fertiliser for the garden.洁西卡浸泡了一些荨麻，给自己的花园做一点有机肥。steep [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep (infuse, brew) (泡茶等)将…泡入Peter steeped a tea bag in a mug of boiling water.彼得将茶包泡入一杯开水里。steep [sth] vtr (soak)渗透；渗进The rain steeped the ground.雨水渗透进大地。steep [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep (soak in [sth])将…泡入；将…浸入Olivia steeped the dress in the dye solution.奥利维亚将自己的裙子泡入染料中。steep [sb] in [sth] vtr + prep figurative, often passive (imbue with)使沉浸于The young man was steeped in the ideology of the radical group.那个年轻人沉浸于这个激进组织的意识形态中。steeped, steeped in [sth] adj + prep figurative (full of)沉浸在…中的；充满…的The club is over two hundred years old and thus steeped in tradition.steepen [sth] vtr (make more steep)使变得更陡；使更为陡峭steer [sth] vtr (vehicle) (机动车、船、飞机等)驾驶Mick steered the car along the country lanes.米克在乡间路上驾驶。steer [sb], steer [sb] toward [sth] vtr figurative (towards option)操纵, 控制, 引导Beth's parents steered her towards a career in finance.贝斯的父母引导她加入了金融业。steer [sth] vtr (take in particular direction)引导；将…引向Patrick soon steered the conversation around to his favourite topic.帕特里克很快就成功引导谈话，让其围绕自己喜欢的话题展开。steer [sth] vtr (oversee)监督, 监管This CEO has steered the company to its current world-beating position.steer around [sth] vi + prep (navigate so as to avoid)绕过steer [sth] around [sth] vtr + prep (navigate [sth] so as to avoid)让...绕过steer clear of [sth] v expr informal (avoid)绕开；避开I try to steer clear of fried foods.stem [sth] vtr (remove stems from)除去…的茎Luke stemmed the strawberries before slicing them.片草莓之前，卢克除去了它们的茎。stem [sth] vtr (staunch: flow of blood)止（血）；使（流血）停止He put pressure on the cut to try and stem the flow of blood.他按压伤口，试图止血。stem [sth] vtr figurative (staunch, stop)止住…，遏止…The soldier pressed his hand against the wound to stem the bleeding.stem the tide of [sth] v expr figurative (prevent [sth] increasing)阻挡…的潮流, 阻止…的浪潮The government stepped in to stem the tide of foreclosures.stencil [sth] onto [sth] vtr + prep (apply with a stencil)用模板印Jonathan stenciled a polka-dot pattern on the table top.stencil [sth] vtr (decorate using a stencil)用印花装饰The interior decorator stenciled the bedroom walls.step [sth] vtr (walk a distance)跨出He stepped three paces to the left.step [sth] vtr (measure)用步子丈量I always just step out my flowerbeds, without using a tape measure.step [sth] vtr dated (dance)跳…舞步He stepped the foxtrot lightly, and with great finesse.step out of [sth] v expr (exit, walk from)从…走出去, 从…离开, 走出…He stepped out of the elevator and went down the hall.step out of [sth] v expr figurative (leave or renounce)放弃…, 脱离…, 离开…Once her husband returned, she stepped out of her role of primary breadwinner.step over [sth] vi + prep (lift foot to avoid treading on)跨过；跳过；迈过I stepped over the rubbish.stereotype [sb/sth] vtr (generalize about)对…形成模式化的观念；对…抱有成见Be careful that you don't stereotype the nursing profession too much.小心不要对护理行业抱有太多成见。sterilize [sth], also UK: sterilise [sth] vtr (make free of germs)消毒；除菌Surgeons' tools must be sterilized before they operate.sterilize [sb/sth], also UK: sterilise [sb/sth] vtr (make infertile)使无法生育，使失去生育能力，使绝育；使成不毛之地，使贫瘠It was discovered that the clinic sterilized many women without their consent.stew [sth] vtr (cook slowly)慢炖；文火焖Wendy stewed the beef until it was very tender.温蒂用文火焖牛肉，直到牛肉变软烂。stew [sth] vtr (tea: brew too long) (茶)将…泡过了，把…泡得太久Mrs Jones had stewed the tea again, but Rachel drank it politely, even though it tasted awful.steward [sth] vtr (manage)管理；处理stick [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (thrust [sth] in)插入；刺入；戳The cook stuck the knife into the mango.厨师把刀戳进芒果里。stick [sth] on [sth/sb], stick [sth] onto [sth/sb] vtr + prep informal (attach)粘住；粘贴Let me stick this notice on the board.让我把这个通知贴在布告板上。stick [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (attach with glue)将...粘在...上；将...贴在...上Jim licked the stamp and stuck it to the envelope.吉姆舔了一下邮票，将邮票贴在信封上。stick to [sth] vi + prep (adhere to)粘在…上；附着在…上The glue stuck to my fingers and I had to scrub for 10 minutes to remove it.胶水粘在我的手指上了，我揉了10分钟才弄干净。stick [sth] vtr (puncture)刺穿；穿孔Julie stuck the plastic with a pin to drain the water.stick [sth] vtr (impale)刺穿，贯穿；插入；戳进The spear stuck the explorer through the heart.长矛贯穿了探险者的心脏。stick [sth] vtr (place in position)伸出；使处于某种位置The dog stuck his head out the window.stick [sb] with [sth] vtr (lumber: with [sth] disagreeable) (令人不快的东西)把...强加给Harry's friends stuck him with the dinner bill.stick [sth/sb] vtr UK, informal (tolerate)忍受；容忍备注: Usually used where there is doubt, or with negatives.I don't think I can stick much more of this film; it's abysmal!我觉得自己不能再忍受这部片子了，它简直没完没了，烂透了！stick [sth] in, stick in [sth] vtr + adv (insert)插入；塞入stick [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep (insert into [sth])将...插入...；将...塞入...stick [sth] on vtr + adv (affix, glue)粘在...上；黏在...上stick [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (affix to [sth], glue to [sth])将...粘在...上；将...黏在...上stickle for [sth] vi + prep dated (contend for)坚持要；吵着要Annie stickled for a larger portion of meat, as she was sure her sister had more than her.安妮吵着要偏大的一块肉，因为她确定他姐姐那块更大。stickler, a stickler for [sth] n informal (person who insists on [sth])坚持…的人Maddy is a stickler for the rules and will never agree to cheating.stiffen [sth] vtr (make stiff) (面料等)变硬You can stiffen the fabric with starch.stifle [sth] vtr (yawn, sob, laugh, etc: hold back) (呵欠、发笑)强忍Halfway through the sermon I began to stifle yawns.布道才进行了一半，我的哈欠就压不住了。stifle [sth] vtr (suffocate)使...窒息；闷死，使...窒息而死The murderer stifled his victim with a pillow.凶手用枕头将受害人闷死。stifle [sth] vtr figurative (suppress) (自由、思想等)压制, 限制The government's trying to stifle the democracy movement.政府试图镇压民主运动。stigmatize [sb/sth], also UK: stigmatise [sb/sth] vtr (disgrace, mark out)使受耻辱；使蒙羞Albinos were stigmatized for a long time because of superstition.still [sb/sth] vtr (to silence)使寂静；使无声He stilled the crowd with his shocking speech.still [sth/sb] vtr (to calm)使平静；使镇定；使安静下来She stilled the excited children with a calming look.still [sth/sb] vtr (make motionless)使静止；使不动He stilled the camera before taking the shot.stimulate [sb] to [sth] vtr + prep (prompt)鼓舞；鼓励How is the government stimulating people to create jobs?stimulate [sb] to do [sth], stimulate [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (encourage)激励某人做某事The film stimulated the students into asking questions.stink of [sth] n (specific bad odor)臭味；臭气The stink of cigarette smoke hit me as I entered the room.stipple [sth] vtr (paint using dots)点画The art students stippled scenes of ships and the sea.stipulate [sth] vtr (conditions: specify)规定；约定；明确要求The contract stipulates a deadline of 21st May.stir [sth] vtr (mix)搅拌；搅动Stir all of the ingredients together with a spoon.用勺子把所有原料搅拌到一起。stir [sth] vtr (move)使轻轻移动；使微动She didn't stir even an eyelash when he entered the room.stir [sth/sb] vtr (affect)打动；使感动The drama will stir the audience to tears.stir [sth/sb] vtr (provoke)激起；惹The boys stirred the sleeping dog by yelling.stir [sth] vtr (awaken, evoke)唤醒；唤起The music stirs our emotions.stir-fry [sth] vtr (mixed dish: quickly pan-fry)煸炒；翻炒Don't put too much oil in the pan when you stir fry the chicken and peppers.stirring of [sth] n figurative (emotion: excitement, agitation)对…的激动之情Jeff felt a stirring of pride as his country was awarded the World Cup.杰夫为自己的祖国当选为世界杯主办国而倍感自豪。the stirrings of [sth], the first stirrings of [sth] npl figurative (beginning, emergence of [sth])开始, 萌芽The appearance of snowdrops marks the stirrings of Spring.雪花莲冒了出来，标志着春天到了。stitch [sth] vtr (sew)缝纫；缝补；绣Glenn stitched the hem of the trousers.格伦缝好了裤脚。stock [sth] vtr (carry merchandise)储备；备有；存有We stock a wide selection of musical instruments.我们储备有各种各样的乐器。stock [sth] vtr (replenish)补充；补给When the truck unloads we can stock the shelves with new merchandise.stock [sth] vtr (supply)供应；供给；提供给The relief agency will stock the mission with food and other supplies.stock up on [sth] v expr (buy a lot of)存储；备货stockpile [sth] vtr (accumulate, stash) (大量地)积累, 储存The paranoid man stockpiled guns and other weapons.stoke [sth] vtr (fire: stir up)将火拨旺；把火烧旺It's getting cold in here - would you stoke the fire for me?stoke [sth] vtr figurative (incite)鼓动；煽动stomach [sth] vtr figurative, usually with negative (tolerate)容忍；忍受Maggie can't stomach people who are rude.麦吉受不了粗鲁的人。stomach [sth] vtr (eat and digest)吃得下；能消化备注: Usually used in the negativeLydia can't stomach shellfish; they always make her sick.stomp on [sth/sb] vi + prep (trample on)重踩；重踏；踩踏Some shoppers got stomped on in the rush to get into the store.人潮汹涌冲进商场，有些顾客被踩了。stone [sth] vtr (fruit: remove stone) (水果)去掉硬核，去核She used a knife to stone the peach.她用一把小刀将桃子核去掉。stonewall [sb/sth] vtr figurative (put up resistance to)阻碍；妨碍The members of the club stonewalled Samantha after they found out that she betrayed them.stop [sth] vtr (cease)终止；停止Would you please stop that!你能停下么！stop doing [sth] v expr (cease doing)停止做，别再做Please stop calling me.请别再给我打电话了。stop [sth] vtr (prevent, end)终结；终止；中断；停止The parents stopped their children's bad behaviour.父母停止了自己孩子的不良行为。stop [sth] vtr (bring to a stop)停下；停止He stopped the car to look at the map.他停下车查看地图。stop [sb] doing [sth], stop [sb] from doing [sth] v expr (prevent, hinder)妨碍某人做某事；阻碍某人做某事The doorman stopped us from entering.门卫阻碍我们进入。stop [sb] doing [sth] v expr (prevent, forbid)禁止某人做某事；阻止某人做某事The teenager's parents stopped her going out to the pub.那个年轻人的父母禁止她去酒吧。stop [sth] vtr (turn off)关掉；关闭；关停Stop the machine before attempting any repairs.进行任何检修之前都要先关掉机器。stop [sth] vtr (withhold)停付；拒绝支付I asked my bank to stop the check.stop [sth/sb] vtr (prevent from proceeding)拦下；使停下来The border guards stopped the truck.stop [sth] vtr (block)阻止；拦住The goalkeeper stopped the shot.stop [sth] vtr (close)堵塞；阻塞The leaves stopped the drain.stop [sth] doing [sth], stop [sth] from doing [sth] v expr (prevent)防止某事（进一步发展等）Fortunately she stopped the situation from getting any worse.所幸的是，她防止了事态的进一步恶化。stop [sth] in its tracks v expr figurative (halt progress of [sth])停下stop short of [sth] v expr informal (not become)没有成为；未变成The SARS epidemic stopped short of a global pandemic.stop short of doing [sth] v expr informal (not do)不做某事I was furious with her, but I stopped short of saying something I'd regret.stopple [sth] vtr (block something with a plug)用塞子塞住store [sth] vtr (save for later)储备；备下I stored the rest of the cake for tomorrow.我把剩余的蛋糕留起来明天吃。store [sth] vtr (put in storage)把…存入仓库；存放We stored the old books in the basement.我们把旧书存放在地下室。store [sth] vtr (have a capacity of)可贮藏；存储量为This disc drive can store a huge amount of data.store [sth] away vtr + adv (keep)把…储备起来；存储Jim stored away provisions for emergencies.a storm of [sth] n figurative (outburst)突发；爆发The government's announcement was greeted by a storm of protest.政府的新声明引起了抗议大爆发。storm [sth] vtr (attack, raid)猛攻；突袭The militia stormed the town.stovepipe [sth] vtr US, figurative (transmit directly)直接输送；直接传输stow [sth] vtr (store, put away)把…收好；把...存放起来We stow the potatoes in the cellar over winter.stow [sth] vtr (store in proper place)放好，收好，存放Lifejackets are stowed under the seats.stow [sth] away, stow away [sth] vtr (hide, put [sth] away)隐藏；将...藏起来straddle [sth/sb] vtr (sit with a leg on each side of)跨坐在…上，骑在…上The young man turned the chair backwards and straddled it.那个年轻人将椅子转过来，跨坐在上面。straddle [sth] vtr (span)横跨；跨越A bridge straddled the gorge.一座大桥横跨峡谷。straddle [sth] vtr US, figurative (be equivocal about)对…持骑墙态度，对…持观望态度，对…模棱两可The senator was straddling the question.在这个问题上，那名参议员持骑墙态度。strafe [sth] vtr (attack with machine guns) (从低空)机枪扫射The town was repeatedly strafed by military aircraft.straighten [sth] vtr (make straight)使…变直，将…拉直；把…弄直Jeremy straightened his tie.杰里米将领带拉直。strain against [sth] vi + prep (pull with force)用力拉；使劲拉The animal strained against the rope.动物用力拉着绳子。strain [sth] vtr (filter)过滤；滤过；淘米You need to strain the rice before you cook it.strain [sth] vtr figurative (stretch)绷紧；拉紧Lavish spending strained his finances to the limit.strain [sth] vtr figurative, often passive (deform under pressure) (关系)紧张The way they acted, it was obvious that their relationship was strained.strain [sth] vtr (exert)努力使用；用力使用；尽力使用He had to strain his eyes to see something so far away.strain [sth] vtr (muscle: stretch or tear) (身体的)拉伤The football player strained a muscle.这名足球运动员拉伤了肌肉。strain [sth] vtr figurative (stretch to a limit)使用…超过限度；过度使用Her childishness strained my patience.strain to do [sth] v expr (strive forcefully)竭尽全力；努力He really strained to make it work.他竭尽全力要修好它。strains of [sth] npl (sound: of music)…的旋律；…的调子We could hear the distant strains of a guitar.我们能听到远远的有吉他的旋律。strangle [sb/sth] vtr (kill by choking)扼死；勒死The serial killer prefers to strangle his victims.strangle [sth] vtr figurative (suppress)压制, 压迫These controls on the media will strangle free speech.strangulate [sb/sth] vtr (asphyxiate by strangling)勒死，掐死strangulate [sth] vtr figurative (stifle)抑制，压抑，扼杀strap [sth] to [sth], strap [sth] into [sth], strap [sth] onto [sth] vtr (fasten with strap) (用带子)将…系在…上，将…捆在…上The courier strapped the package onto the back of his bike and set off.快递员将包裹捆在自行车后座上，然后出发。strap [sth] down vtr + adv (secure with straps) (物)用绳子固定The driver put the cases onto the roof rack and strapped them down.strap [sth] on, strap on [sth] vtr + adv (attach using a strap)拴住；捆扎The driver strapped my suitcase on before we set off.Let's strap on our packs and hike the trail.strapped for [sth] adj slang (short of [sth]: time, money, etc.) (时间、金钱等)…短缺的I'm a little strapped for time; can we talk about this tomorrow?stratify [sth] vtr (put down in layers)分层stratify [sth] vtr (society: divide into levels)将…分为不同社会阶层；使构成不同的社会阶层streak [sth] vtr (cover with streaks)使…上覆盖满条纹Rain streaked the window, and it was difficult to see the garden.a stream of [sth] n figurative (wave, series) (比喻)一连串；一阵There was a stream of good news.一连串好消息传来。a stream of [sth] n (flow, uninterrupted series)一串；一连串Never before had she heard such a stream of obscenities from her son's mouth.她以前从没有从儿子的口中听到过如此这般一连串的污言秽语。stream [sth] vtr (audio, video: deliver in real time) (计算机)加载I don't have cable, but I can stream football games on my computer.我没有有线电视，不过我能够用电脑加载观看足球比赛。stream with [sth] vi + prep (send forth a flow)流出；流淌Her eyes streamed with tears of joy.streamline [sth] vtr (contour)将…设计成流线型The designer streamlined the car's shape.设计师将车身设计成流线型。streamline [sth] vtr figurative (make more efficient)提高…的效率，对…进行精简增效The boss plans to streamline this department, so all the work can be done by fewer people.老板决定对这个部门进行精简增效，这样所有工作可以由更少的人员来完成。strengthen [sth/sb] vtr (make stronger)加强；巩固Tim added struts to strengthen the table.提姆给桌子安了支杆，加强桌子的稳定性。stress [sth] vtr (emphasize)强调；着重We stressed our desire to hire a manager with a lot of experience.我们强调了想聘用一位经验丰富的经理人的愿望。stress [sth] vtr (subject to physical stress)使受应力；使受压力Lifting that heavy table has stressed my back.stress [sth] vtr (pronounce more strongly)用重音读；重读He stressed the word "walk" because he really didn't want to drive to the shop.stress over [sth] vi (be tense, anxious about)因为…紧张，因为…焦虑Julie is really stressing over her exams.朱莉因为自己的考试焦虑不已。stretch [sth] vtr (lengthen, extend)拉长；拉直；拉紧We have to stretch the rope to its full length.我们得把绳子拉至最长。stretch [sth] vtr (make expand)使变大；拉长；撑大The shoes will fit once they've been stretched.鞋子撑大之后就合脚了。stretch [sth] vtr (muscles: flex) (指肌肉)拉伸；伸展I need to stretch my legs before I run the race.比赛之前我要拉伸一下腿部肌肉。stretch to [sth] vi + prep informal, figurative (extend to doing [sth])延伸到；延续到My language skills don't stretch to Japanese.我的语言技能没有延伸到日语。stretch to doing [sth] v expr informal, figurative (extend to [sth]) (比喻)延伸到，延展到I'm afraid my conversational skills in Italian don't stretch to negotiating house prices.恐怕我意大利语的会话技巧还不足以谈房价。stretch [sth] vtr figurative (money: eke out) (延长使用日期)节俭使用We have to stretch our money and make it last all week.stretch [sth] vtr (wings: spread) (指翅膀)伸展, 张开The turkey stretched its wings and tried to fly, but was too heavy to leave the ground.stretch back to [sth] v expr (time: go back as far as)追溯到；起源于stretch [sth] out vtr + adv (extend to full length)充分伸展If you stretch out your arm, you can probably reach me.如果你充分伸展你的手臂，你也许就能够到我了。strew [sth] vtr (scatter) (文学用语)点缀在, 散布在The performers strewed candy at the end of the show.strew [sth] over [sth], strew [sth] across [sth] vtr + prep often passive (scatter [sth] over)在…洒满；散布Glitter was strewn across the banquet table.strew [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep often passive (cover with [sth] scattered)把…布满The parade route was strewn with trash.stricken with [sth] adj + prep figurative (afflicted: with disaster, disease)患病的；被病魔打倒的Half of the village was stricken with the illness.stricken with [sth], stricken by [sth] adj + prep figurative (affected: by panic, grief) (感情上)遭受打击的Stricken with grief, the women wailed and shook their heads.strike [sth/sb] vtr (hit)打；击；打击The boxer struck his opponent.拳击手向对手打过去。strike [sth] vtr (hit: a target)打中；击中The arrow struck its target.飞箭击中了目标。strike [sth/sb] vtr (attack, hit)攻击；袭击The hurricane struck us without warning.飓风毫无预兆地袭击了我们。strike [sth/sb] vtr (crash into)碰撞；撞到The car struck the guardrail.这辆车撞上了护栏。strike [sth] vtr (clock: sound)敲响； (时间)报The clock struck ten.钟敲10点了。strike [sth/sb] vtr (lightning: hit) (指闪电)击中Lightning struck the old tree during the storm.暴风雨期间，闪电击中了那棵老树。strike [sth] vtr (abolish, cancel)废除…，取消…Officials voted to strike the amendment.官员们投票废除这条修正案。strike [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (text: delete from [sth])划线表示删除；用线条划去Strike that sentence from your article.把那句话从你的文章中删掉。strike [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (thrust)猛插；猛地刺入The camper struck his pole into the ground.strike [sth/sb] vtr (bite) (用毒牙)咬，咬伤The snake struck his leg without warning.那条蛇毫无预兆地咬伤了他的腿。strike [sth] vtr (match: light) (火柴)划；擦To light the candles, first you need to strike a match.strike [sth] vtr (accord: reach)取得；达成The two parties finally struck an agreement.strike [sth/sb] vtr (fall on)照在…上；落在…上When light strikes an object, the wavelengths it reflects determine what colour that object will appear.strike [sb] as [sth] vtr + conj (give the impression)给人以…的印象；让…觉得His attitude really struck me as strange.strike [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (instil)灌输；灌入It struck terror into their hearts.strike [sth] vtr (fall upon)掉落在；落在The egg broke when it struck the floor.strike [sth] vtr (locate by mining)开采出；发掘出The town grew after somebody struck gold there.strike [sb] as [sth] v expr (give the impression)给…留下…的印象Greg's story strikes me as an exaggeration.格雷格的故事给我留下了夸张的印象。strike [sth] vtr (text: put a line through)在…上画线删除Strike all of the lines in the second paragraph.在第二自然段上画线删除其所有行。strike [sth] vtr (theater, film: dismantle set) (戏剧界，电影业)拆除布景strike a blow against [sth/sb] v expr (deal [sb/sth] a serious setback)打出一拳strike a blow for [sth/sb] v expr (do [sth] to support [sth/sb])支持strike [sth/sb] a ... blow v expr (hit)击打；冲击备注: Often used with: glancing, mighty, heavyThe baseball struck his head a glancing blow.string of [sth] n (necklace: beads, pearls)一串Emma wore a string of beads as a necklace.艾玛戴了一串珠子作为项链。string of [sth] n figurative (series)一系列；一连串Police are still trying to catch whoever is behind the string of robberies.警方依旧在追踪近来一连串抢劫案背后的元凶。string [sth] vtr (instrument: attach strings) (给乐器)上弦The guitar maker strung the instrument.吉他匠乐器上弦。string [sth] vtr (racket, etc.: fit cords) (如网球拍等)给…装弦，给…换弦I need to string my tennis racket.我需要给自己的网球拍装弦。string [sth] vtr (thread onto string)将…串成串；用绳串Yvonne strung the beads to make a necklace.伊冯将珠子串成串，做成一条项链。string [sth] together vtr + adv figurative (arrange coherently)使（词语、句子等）表达连贯After his brain injury, he had difficulty stringing sentences together.string [sth] together vtr + adv (beads, etc.: thread)把…串成一串I like to string together small seashells to make a pretty necklace.strip [sth] vtr (remove paint from) (外皮)剥去；剥除I sometimes strip old furniture and then paint it.有时我会把旧家具的涂层刮掉，重新上漆。strip [sth] vtr (remove bedsheets from)移走...的床单；拆下We strip the bed every third day in summer.strip [sth] vtr (remove bark from: a tree) (树皮)剥去If you strip the tree, it will lose all its sap and die.strip [sth] vtr (flay: skin, flesh) (动物皮毛)剥去The thorns stripped the flesh from his bare arms.strip [sth] vtr (screw threads)磨损；打磨If you strip the threads the screw will not hold.strip [sth] of [sth] vtr + prep (remove parts from)拆开；拆卸They stripped the stolen car of its valuable parts.strip [sth] vtr (dismantle)拆卸，拆除，拆开The mechanic stripped the engine completely and then rebuilt it.机械师彻底地拆卸了引擎，之后又重新组装了。strip [sb] of [sth] vtr + prep (take away from)剥夺…的…，没收…的…The businessman was found guilty of fraud and the court stripped him of his assets.那个商人被判有诈骗罪，法院没收了他的财产。strip [sth] vtr (remove insulation from wire) (电线的隔绝层)剥去；去除strip [sth] off vtr + adv UK, informal (clothing: remove) (衣物)脱去，脱下strip [sth] off vtr + adv (paint, etc.: remove) (油漆等)将…除去Before applying new wallpaper, I need to strip the old paper off the walls.strip [sth] out vtr + adv (remove completely)拿走（某处的）所有东西If you can strip out all the excess wording, you'll have a better report in the end.strip-mine [sth] vtr US (extract ore from open mine)露天开采The company strip-mined the area for coal.strip-mine [sth] vtr US, figurative (use ruthlessly) (比喻义)压榨Many of his stories have been strip-mined from his personal life.stripe [sth] vtr (pattern with stripes)给…加条纹Carol striped the walls blue and yellow.stripped of [sth] adj (deprived of [sth])被剥夺了…的；使失去…的The soldier, stripped of his promotion, was feeling very sorry for himself.那名被剥夺了晋升资格的士兵真心为自己感到难过。strive to do [sth] v expr (make great effort to)力图；奋力做；尽力做I always strive to do my best at everything I do.我总是尽力做我手头的事。strive for [sth] vi + prep (work hard to achieve)努力争取；力求I strive for perfection when I write.stroke [sth/sb] vtr (rub, caress)抚摸；轻抚；抚摩She stroked the cat's fur.她抚摩着猫的柔毛。strop [sth] vtr (sharpen on a strop)在磨刀皮带上磨Not many people know how to strop a blade anymore.be struck by [sth] v expr (become strongly aware of [sth])被…打动；被...震动I was struck by the beauty of the summer cottage.structure [sth] vtr (design)设计；组织；安排We should structure a plan that will solve the problems.我们应该设计一个能解决这些问题的方案。structure [sb/sth] into [sth] vtr (incorporate)使形成组织；构成We will structure experienced staff members into the unit.struggle to do [sth] vi (strive to do [sth])努力做；尽力做I'm really struggling to get this right because it's important to me.我真的在努力，想把这件事做好，因为这对我来说很重要。struggle through [sth] vi + prep (go through [sth] with difficulty)艰难捱过struggle with [sth] vi + prep (find difficult)艰难地进行The student struggled with the grammar lesson.strum [sth] vtr (play: stringed instrument) (弦乐器)弹拨I could hear Anthony strumming his guitar all night.stub [sth] vtr (toe, finger)使（脚趾）踢到；使（手指）碰到Helen stubbed her toe on the leg of the table.海伦的脚趾踢到了桌子腿上。stucco [sth] vtr (cover with stucco)用灰泥粉饰When we renovated the house, we stuccoed the exterior.stuck on [sth] expr (problem, etc.: unable to overcome)困于；囿于；难以解决stud [sth] with [sth] vtr often passive (ornament or dot with)在…上装饰；在…上装嵌；给...装点上The brooch was studded with diamonds.The sky was studded with stars.studded with [sth] adj + prep figurative (dotted with [sth])点缀着；镶嵌着The night sky was studded with stars.study [sth] vtr (attempt to learn)学习；学I want to study law.我想学习法律。study [sth] vtr (analyse)研究；分析；钻研The scientist is going to study the results.那名科学家要对结果进行研究。study [sth/sb] vtr (scrutinize)仔细查看；细究The committee will study the panel's findings.study for [sth] vi + prep (learn or revise for: an exam) (如考试)为…而学习，为…而复习Make sure you study well for your upcoming exams.请确保自己能为接下来的考试而好好复习。study to be [sth] v expr (become educated to qualify as)为成为…而学习He spent 3 years abroad, presumably studying to be an architect.他在国外呆了三年，大概是在为成为一名建筑师而学习。stuff [sth], stuff [sth] in [sth] vtr (cram)将...填满；将...塞入She quickly stuffed all her clothes in her luggage.她迅速把所有衣服都塞进行李包里。stuff yourself with [sth] v expr informal (eat [sth] greedily)大吃大嚼…，一个劲地吃…It's impolite to stuff yourself with food at a holiday-party buffet.在节日聚会的自助餐上，一个劲地大吃很不礼貌。stuff [sth] vtr (plug)塞住；堵住The pipe was leaking, so Ben stuffed it with rags.stuff [sth] vtr (cast false votes)投假选票给；把伪选票投入The corrupt politicians stuffed the ballot boxes.stuff [sth] vtr (cooking: fill with [sth] savory) (烹饪)把作料塞到…里面，把馅料塞到…里面The easiest way to stuff a turkey is to use a spoon.把馅料塞到火鸡里面的最简单的方式就是用勺子。stuff [sth] vtr informal (embalm: animal)填塞…的皮做成标本After her pet dog died, she had it stuffed.她的宠物狗死后，她将它做成填塞标本。stuff [sth/sb] vtr UK, slang (expressing contempt, rejection)拒绝；放弃Alice lost her temper, and told her boss to stuff his poxy job.stuffed with [sth] adj + prep (food: with filling) (食物)在…中填上…馅，将…馅塞入…Brian served us peppers stuffed with mushroom and cheese.布莱恩为我们端上中间填满蘑菇和奶酪的圆椒。stuffed with [sth] adj + prep (padded with [sth]) (抱枕、垫子)填充有（棉花、羽毛等）的The mattress was a sack stuffed with straw.这个床垫就是个填满稻草的大袋子。stuffed with [sth] adj + prep informal, figurative (filled with [sth])塞满…的；填满…的Alison carried a suitcase stuffed with clothes.艾丽森提着一个行李箱，里面装满了衣服。stuffed with [sth] adj + prep informal, figurative (has lots of [sth])充满的The old lady lived in a house stuffed with knick-knacks and trinkets.stumble on [sth] vi + prep (trip on [sth])犯错；失足Roberta stumbled on a tree branch that was hidden in the long grass.stumble against [sth/sb] vi + prep (bump into because of trip)偶然找到Ian lost his footing on the loose gravel and stumbled against the wall.stumble through [sth] vi + prep (make way with difficulty)步履蹒跚地穿过…，跌跌撞撞地走过…Sarah stumbled through the dark forest.萨拉步履蹒跚地穿过了漆黑的树林。stumble through [sth] vi + prep figurative (speech: make with difficulty)结结巴巴地说…，磕磕巴巴地说…Paul was ill-prepared, but he managed to stumble through his presentation.保罗准备欠佳，不过他还是设法磕磕巴巴地完成了展示。stun [sb/sth] vtr (daze with electric charge)电击stunt [sth] vtr (hamper, impede)阻碍…的发育；妨碍…的发展Smoking stunts your growth.吸烟会导致发育不良。stutter [sth] vtr (say with stutter)磕磕巴巴地说；结结巴巴地说Rick stuttered his apologies.里奇把道歉说得磕磕巴巴的。style [sth] vtr (hair) (发型等)设计, 把…设计成某种样式She styled her hair for the party.她特意为晚会做了头发。style [sth] vtr (design)设计She styled a horse from the clay.style [sth] vtr (name, designate)命名；将…称作He styled his ship the Ariel.stylize [sth], also UK: stylise [sth] vtr (give [sth] a certain style)使具有某种风格；赋予…某种风格stymie [sth] vtr (thwart)阻碍；妨碍The soccer team's rivals stymied their efforts by stealing all of their soccer balls.subcontract [sth] vtr (work: outsource)把…分包或转包给别人A lot of government agencies subcontract work because it's cheaper.subcontract [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep (work: outsource)分包；转包The CDC subcontracted the project to a team of computer programmers.subcontract to [sb/sth] vi + prep (outsource work)转包给；分包给Our company does not subcontract to people living overseas.subdivide [sth] vtr (categorize more specifically)把…细分；把…再划分The teacher subdivided the students into groups based on their reading skill levels.subdue [sth] vtr (repress)抑制；压制，压下；克制Simon managed to subdue his anger and discuss the problem rationally.西蒙设法压制住怒火，理性地对这个问题进行了讨论。subdue [sth/sb] vtr (overpower)制服，降服Martha managed to subdue her attacker.The emergency services manage to subdue the inferno.玛莎设法制服了袭击她的歹徒。// 应急服务设法降服了火魔。subdue [sth] vtr (make softer)减缓；缓和；使柔和The double glazing subdued the sound of the traffic, but didn't block it out completely.subedit [sth] vtr UK (copyedit [sth])编辑校订，编辑校对subject [sb] to [sth] vtr (make [sb] undergo [sth])使某人经受；使某人遭受；对某人进行The police subjected the suspect to an intense interrogation.警方对嫌疑人进行了高强度的审讯。subject to [sth] adj + prep (conditional, depending upon)受…支配的；听令于…的All new policies are subject to the boss's approval.所有新政策的出台都听令于老板的批准。subject to [sth] adj + prep (liable or prone to)容易…的；有可能…的This schedule is subject to last minute changes.这份时间表有可能在最后一分钟发生改动。subject to [sth] adj + prep (under the rule of [sth])受...管辖的；受...约束的The politicians are subject to the will of the people.政客要服从人民的意志。subject [sb/sth] vtr (control, rule)使服从The country was subjected to the rule of emperors for several centuries.subjoin [sth] vtr (add on, append)附加；增补；添加sublease [sth] vtr (let to a subtenant)转租sublease [sth] n (subletting)转租sublet [sth] vtr (rented property: sublease)转租；分租We sublet our apartment for the first three months of every year.sublet [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (rented property: sublease)转租We sublet our flat to a professor for the summer.sublimate [sth] vtr (channel into [sth] acceptable) (隐秘欲望等)将...转移到社会接受的活动中；使升华；使高尚sublimate [sth] vtr (exalt)升华, 提升sublimate [sth] vtr (chemistry: change state)使...升华sublime [sth] vtr (chemistry: turn to vapor) (化学)使升华Certain solids can be sublimed under reduced pressure or in a vacuum.sublime [sth] vtr archaic (make nobler) (古语)使…更高尚；使…更崇高Allow your faith to sublime your soul.submerge [sth/sb] vtr (immerse in liquid)浸没；浸入；泡入Make sure you submerge the dried mushrooms completely.submerge [sth/sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (immerse in liquid)把...浸入；浸没To soften the seaweed, submerge it in water for twenty minutes.submerse [sth] vtr (submerge)淹没；浸没；使浸入水中submit [sth] vtr (form)呈送；提交He submitted the registration form to the doctor.他把注册表交给了医生。submit [sth] vtr (propose)提议；建议I submitted an idea to my boss for consideration.我向老板提了一个设想供他考虑。submit to [sb/sth] vi + prep (surrender, yield)向…投降；向…屈服；听任Richard accepted that what he had done was wrong and submitted to his punishment without complaint.理查德承认自己的所作所为是不正确的，并且对于惩罚听之任之，毫无抱怨。submitter (of [sth]) n ([sb]: contributes [sth])…的提交者The submitter of the short story judged to be the best will win a prize.subordinate [sth/sb] vtr (make secondary)使…列于次要地位；使…变得次要The company is under scrutiny for subordinating worker safety to their own financial interests.subscribe to [sth] vi + prep (publication: prepay for issues) (报刊杂志)订，订阅Bill subscribed to the magazine for a year.subscribe to [sth] vi + prep (service: sign up) (某项服务)订，订购I subscribed to this internet service provider because I already have a mobile phone contract with them.subscribe to [sth] vi + prep figurative (agree with)赞成；同意The deputy manager subscribed to her boss's view that they needed to provide more incentives for the staff.subsequent to [sth] adj + prep (after, following)在…之后的The study investigates the language impairments in children subsequent to severe head injury.研究调查了重大头部创伤对儿童语言能力的影响。subserve [sth] vtr (aid, help to promote)对...有用，对...有益；促进subserviant to [sb/sth] adj + prep (person, role: subordinate)打下手的；附属的She's subservient to her husband in all matters.subset, subset of [sth] n (set within a larger set)子集A small subset of the population is allergic to bee stings.人口中有一小部分对蜂蛰过敏。subside into [sth] vi + prep (sit, kneel, lie down)坐到…上；跪到…上；躺到…上subside into [sth] vi + prep (mood: give way to) (情绪)陷入As I unwrapped the gift, my initial excitement subsided into disappointment.subsidize [sth/sb], also UK: subsidise [sth/sb] vtr (fund)赞助；资助State governments subsidize education at all levels.subsist on [sth] vi + prep (survive on minimal money) (如微薄薪水)靠…维持生活It's difficult to subsist on such a low salary.subsist on [sth] vi + prep (survive on minimal food)依靠…维持生计In prehistoric times, people subsisted on what they gathered and hunted.substantiate [sth] vtr (verify)核实；证实Journalists haven't been able to substantiate his claims yet.substitute [sth] for [sth] vtr + prep (use in place of [sth] else)用…代替；用...替换Since I'm lactose intolerant, I substituted water for milk in the recipe.我乳糖不耐受，所以把食谱中的牛奶换成了水。substitute [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (replace with [sth] else)用…代替；用...替换Since I'm lactose intolerant, I substituted milk with water in the recipe.我有乳糖不耐症，所以我用水代替食谱里的牛奶。subsume [sth] vtr often passive (put in broader category)将…归入某一类Sociolinguistics and phonology can be subsumed under the category of linguistics.subsume [sth] vtr (include, swallow up)包括；吞没The lava slowly subsumed the village.subtend [sth] vtr (underlie) (在下方)包含，包着subtend [sth] vtr (mathematics: delimit) (几何, 指弧或角)对向subtitle [sth] vtr (write subtitles for)为…加字幕；为…加副标题A company in London subtitled the film.the subtleties of [sth] npl (meaning: nuances)微妙之处；细微之处The subtleties of the plot won't be obvious to non-lawyers.subtotal [sth] vtr (add up)把…小计After you subtotal the purchase, you can apply the tax.subtract [sth] vtr (mathematics: deduct) (数学)减, 减去Your answer is incorrect because you didn't subtract the right number.subtract [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (mathematics: deduct)从…减去Subtract 14 from 37 and you get 23.subtract [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (take away, eliminate)从…拿走；从…减除When you subtract cost from consideration, the house is perfect. However, we just can't afford it!subtract [sth] vtr (take away, eliminate)去掉；去除Is that the guest list? Subtract Kim; she's busy that weekend and can't come.subtraction of [sth] n (removal, deduction of [sth])减去；扣除The subtraction of your income reduces our monthly budget.subvert [sth] vtr (undermine, sabotage)破坏；妨碍She subverts every plan I bring forward.succeed in [sth] vi + prep (do well in [sth])在…方面取得成功He will never succeed in business if he does not get serious.如果他不认真对待的话，他就绝不可能在生意方面取得成功。succeed in doing [sth] v expr (manage to do)成功地做某事Alan succeeded in mending the chair.艾伦成功地修好了椅子。succeed [sth/sb] vtr (follow)接着；一个接一个地出现As you drive along the coast, one beautiful view succeeds another.succeed to [sth] vi + prep (take over after [sb] dies)接替；继承Princess Elizabeth succeeded to the throne at the age of 27.successor, successor to [sth] n (person who inherits title) (继承前人头衔的人)继承人，继位人The successor to the kingdom is only three years old.succor [sb/sth] (US), succour [sb/sth] (UK) vtr (help, aid)救助..., 帮助...succumb to [sth] vi + prep (give in, yield)放弃抵抗；屈从；屈服Julia refused to succumb to her illness, and concentrated on eating a healthy diet, exercising, and taking her medication.suck [sth] vtr (take up through suction with mouth)吸；吮The shake was too thick to suck through a straw.这杯奶昔太稠了，用吸管吸不上来。suck [sb/sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (draw in by suction)把…吸进, 把…吸入A bird was sucked into the plane's jet engine.一只鸟被吸进了飞机的喷气发动机。suck [sth] vtr (dissolve by sucking)含在嘴里舔He sucked the candy for a long time.他把糖含在嘴里好长时间了。suck [sth] vtr (draw with suction)吸出；抽出The hose sucked all the liquid out.水管吸出了所有的液体。suck [sth] vtr (thumb: put in mouth)含在嘴里吸吮Babies often suck their thumbs.婴儿常常喜欢吮拇指。suck [sb/sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (entice)引诱…进入, 把…诱入The conman sucked Bill into a trap.骗子把比尔诱入陷阱。suck [sth] vtr (drink: blood) (血液)吸, 饮Vampires suck blood.suck [sth] in vtr + adv (draw in by suction)吸入Dawn sucked the air in through her teeth.suck [sth] in vtr + adv (stomach: make appear flat)吸气收缩（腹部等）Bill sucked his stomach in as far as he could.suck [sth] out vtr + adv (extract by suction)吸出The baby sucks out the last drops of milk from the bottle.suck [sth] up vtr + adv (ingest by sucking) (水、饮料等)吸，吸出You can use a straw to suck up the water.你可以用吸管吸水。suck [sth] up vtr + adv (draw upwards)吸起Vacuum cleaners suck up the dust particles from carpets and other surfaces.吸尘器会吸走地毯和其他表面的灰尘颗粒。a sucker for [sth] n slang (unable to resist [sth])不能抵制…诱惑的人；对…着迷的人Amanda is a sucker for a hard luck story.阿曼达对悲剧故事完全没有抵抗力。sucker [sb] into doing [sth] v expr slang, figurative (fool)欺骗某人做某事The boss suckered Jim into working overtime again.老板又骗得吉姆加班加点。suckle [sth] vtr (animal: feed young)吸；吮吸The cow patiently suckled her calf.suction [sth] vtr (medical: remove by suction) (医疗)吸出, 抽吸The surgeon suctioned the object out of the patient's sinus cavity.sue [sb/sth] vtr (take legal action against)控告；起诉Ian sued his employers after his accident at work.伊恩在工作中发生意外事故后起诉了雇主。sue for [sth] vi + prep (take legal action to obtain)为了获取…提起诉讼Survivors of a plane crash often sue for damages. Some divorced parents sue for full custody of their children.空难幸存者通常会提起诉讼，要求赔偿。有些离异父母为了获得子女的完全监护权而提起诉讼。sue for [sth] vi + prep (take legal action because of)就…提起诉讼；因…提起诉讼Following the scandalous story the newspaper published, the aristocrat is suing for libel.在报纸刊登了那桩丑闻后，那位贵族以诽谤为由提起了诉讼。sue for [sth] vi + prep (formally appeal for [sth])就...提起诉讼suffer from [sth] vi + prep (be ill with) (疾病)患有，为…所苦，受…折磨He's suffered from diabetes all his life.他一生都受糖尿病的折磨。suffer from [sth] vi + prep (be adversely affected by)受…影响This forest suffers from the effects of acid rain. It's always the poor who suffer most from unemployment.这片森林受酸雨影响。穷人阶级总是最受失业影响的。suffer for [sth] vi + prep (endure pain for the sake of)为…而遭受疼痛The athlete suffered for his pursuit of perfection.那名运动员为他自身对完美的追求而受苦。suffer for [sth] vi + prep (be inconvenienced because of)因为…而受罪；为…而受苦The painter suffered for his art.那个画家因为自己的艺术而受罪。suffer [sth] vtr (undergo)经受；承受；经历He suffered much hardship as a child.他童年的时候经历了许多磨难。suffer [sth/sb] vtr literary (tolerate)容忍；忍耐I will not suffer any more of this behaviour!我绝不会再容忍这种行为了！suffer [sb] to do [sth] v expr archaic (allow) (古语)允许某人做某事，许可某人做某事She would not suffer him to plead his suit any further.sufficiency, a sufficiency, a sufficiency of [sth] n formal (enough)充足；足量There should be a sufficiency of paper in the supply room.sufficient to do [sth] expr (be enough for [sth] or [sb])对…来说是足够的；足以Your explanation is not sufficient to answer all my questions.suffix [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (add ending to: a word)加词尾；加后缀Generally, you suffix a verb with "-ing" to form a gerund.suffix [sth] vtr (add, append [sth])附在…的后面When learning a language it is important to be able to recognize the roots in words that have been suffixed.suffocate [sb/sth] vtr (kill by depriving of oxygen)闷死；使窒息而死The murderer suffocated his victims.suffuse [sth] vtr (cover, spread through) (指颜色、水气、液体等)布满, 弥漫于The liqueur was suffused with cinnamon, nutmeg, lemon peel, and cloves.sugar [sth] vtr (add sugar)给…加糖She sugared her coffee.sugar [sth] vtr (cover with sugar)在…上面覆上糖；在…上裹糖衣Sugar the candies so they will not stick.sugar [sth] vtr figurative (make agreeable)使…容易被接受；粉饰I will sugar what I have to say to him, so as not to upset him too much.sugarcoat [sth] (US), sugar-coat [sth] (UK) vtr figurative (disguise [sth]'s unpleasantness)美化，粉饰，使...变得容易接受Although the teacher tried to sugarcoat it, the students understood the seriousness of the news.尽管老师试图掩饰，但是学生们都清楚这则消息的严重性。sugarcoat [sth] (US), sugar-coat [sth] (UK) vtr (cover with sugar)给…裹上糖衣The chef sugarcoated some grapes to decorate the top of the cake.厨师将一些葡萄裹上糖衣，作为蛋糕的顶层装饰。suggest [sth] vtr (propose)建议，提议，提出The consultant suggested a solution that none of us had thought of.顾问提出了一个我们都没有想到的解决方案。suggest that [sb] do [sth] v expr (propose)建议；提议I suggest that you apologize.我建议你道歉。suggest [sth] vtr (prompting)建议；鼓励I really do suggest that you write to her now.be suggestive of [sth] v expr (hint at)暗示..., 影射...The film was suggestive of the evils of government corruption.be suggestive of [sth] v expr (evoke)启发...的；引起...联想的；让人想起...的The beautiful music was suggestive of ocean waves.suit [sb/sth] vtr (harmonize or be compatible with)与…搭；与...相配Yes, that dress suits you well.是的，那条裙子与你很相配。suit [sth/sb] vtr (adapt)使适合；使适应We can suit the training to fit your needs.我们可以使训练计划适合你的个人需求。suitable for [sth] adj + prep (appropriate for [sth])适合…的That bright pink dress is not suitable for a funeral.那件亮粉色的裙子不适合葬礼场合。suitable for doing [sth] expr (appropriate for an activity)适合；适宜Tonight, be sure to wear shoes suitable for going out dancing.今天晚上，请保证穿适合的鞋子去跳舞。be suited to [sth] v expr (be appropriate for or to [sth])适合；适于These boots are suited to walking.sulfate [sth] (US), sulphate [sth] (UK) vtr (chemistry: treat with sulfate)用硫酸盐处理...sulfate [sth] (US), sulphate [sth] (UK) vtr (chemistry: convert to sulfate)使...硫酸盐化sulfate [sth] (US), sulphate [sth] (UK) vtr (form lead-sulfate deposit)使在...上形成硫酸铅沉淀sulfur [sth] (US), sulphur [sth] (UK) vtr (treat with sulphur)使…硫化，用硫来处理…If you sulfur the apples, they will stay fresh longer.sully [sth] vtr figurative (reputation: taint) (名声)破坏, 玷污The nasty rumor sullied Sandra's reputation, and no one trusted her after that.sully [sth] vtr figurative (ruin, spoil)弄脏The series of losses sullied the team's record.sully [sth] vtr formal (stain)玷污；弄脏After working in the garden in the evening, Tania showered before bed so as not to sully the clean sheets.sum, sum [sth] vtr technical (add)计算…的总和The analyst summed the results.summarize [sth], also UK: summarise [sth] vtr (sum [sth] up at end)总结The lecturer summarised everything she had said in the last ten minutes of the lecture.讲师对自己课堂最后十分钟的所讲内容进行总结。summarize [sth], also UK: summarise [sth] vtr (say [sth] briefly)概述；综述The chair summarized the report for the board.主席为董事会概述了一下报告。summer [sth] vtr (keep or manage during summer)使安全度夏The rancher summered the herd in the cooler hills.summit [sth] vtr US (reach peak)登上顶峰；登顶The first woman summited Everest in 1975.summon [sth] vtr figurative (gather: strength, courage)下定（决心）；振作（精神）；鼓足（力气）；鼓起（勇气）Gareth wanted to give up, but somehow he summoned the will to carry on.加雷斯本来想放弃，但不知怎么回事，他还是下定了决心继续坚持下去。sun [sth] vtr (expose to sunshine)使…晒太阳The cat was sprawled on the patio, sunning her belly.猫张开四肢躺在露台上晒肚子。sunder [sth] vtr (tear apart, separate)分开；扯开；切开sunset [sth] vtr US, figurative (bring to an end)停用；停止sup [sth] vtr dated or literary (sip)小口地喝；啜饮The man supped the broth greedily.supercharge [sth] vtr figurative (load heavily)使负载过重, 使超载supercharge [sth] vtr (engine: boost power)增加电压；增压superglue [sth] vtr ® (attach with superglue)用强力胶粘superimpose [sth] vtr (overlay)把...叠加上去；使…重叠The photography students learned to superimpose images.superimpose [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (overlay on [sth])在…上叠加The artist superimposed an image of a dinosaur on the photo of the city.superintend [sth/sb] vtr (supervise)监督；监管superior to [sth/sb] adj + prep (better than)优于；强于；好于That car is superior to this one because it is more aerodynamic and more fuel-efficient.那辆车优于这一辆，因为它更符合空气动力学，同时也更省油。superpose [sth] vtr (put over the top)放在……上面；叠放superpose [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (put over the top of [sth])把…放在...的上面superpose [sth] vtr (geometry: align) (几何)使叠置, 使...重合superpose [sth] on [sth] vtr + prep (geometry: align with [sth])叠加, 重叠supersaturate [sth] vtr (make highly concentrated)使过度饱和superscribe [sth] vtr (write at the top)在…上面写supersede [sth] vtr (take place of) (事物)替代, 取代This operating system supersedes the old system, which no longer delivered what we needed.supersize [sth] vtr US, informal (serve extra-large portion of)提供超大分量的supervise [sth] vtr (oversee, direct [sth])监管；监督；指导Johnathan supervised the construction of the new cafeteria.supplant [sb/sth] vtr (replace, usurp)替换；取代The imposter deceived the royal court and eventually supplanted the king.supplement [sth] vtr (add to)增添，补充，添补，增补Tamsin took on a second job to supplement her income.塔米辛找了份兼职来添补收入。supply [sth] vtr (provide: [sth])供货；供应；提供A local florist supplied all the flowers for free.当地花店免费提供所有的花。supply [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep (provide [sth] to [sb])把…提供给They supplied beer to the bar.他们把啤酒提供给那家酒吧。supply [sb/sth] vtr (provide with [sth])提供…给；为…提供We know they're taking drugs but we don't yet know who supplies them.我们知道他们在吸毒，但却不知道他们的供货商是谁。supply [sb/sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (provide with [sth])为…提供They supplied him with the computer hardware.他们为他提供电脑硬件。supply [sth/sb] vtr (supplement)补充；增补They supply extra staff when firms are busier than usual.supply [sth] vtr (fulfil, satisfy)满足；使满足We endeavour to supply our customers' needs.我们尽力满足顾客的需求。support [sth] vtr (weight: hold up)支持；支撑；托住The pole supports the roof of the building.这根柱子支撑着建筑物的屋顶。support [sb/sth] vtr (aid, back)援助, 资助, 赞助The government supported the aid organisation financially.政府为该援助组织提供财政支持。support [sb/sth] vtr (team: cheer for) (体育运动)拥护, 支持He supports the Yankees.他支持杨基队。support [sth] vtr (endorse, be in favor of [sth])支持；赞成The senator would never support that bill; it goes against his principles!那个法案有违参议员的原则，他是绝对不会同意的。support doing [sth] v expr (be in favor of doing [sth])支持；拥护；赞成He supported raising taxes.他支持提高税赋。support [sth] vtr (computing: be compatible) (计算机)支持，兼容My operating system doesn't support this particular media player.我的操作系统不兼容这一款媒体播放器。support, support for [sth] n (approval, backing)支持；赞同There's a lot of popular support for the organic food movement.这场有机食品运动得到了许多人的支持。support [sth] vtr (withstand)经受；承受This house can support all sorts of harsh weather.support [sth] vtr literary, formal (tolerate, put up with)忍受；容忍He could no longer support all the crying.他再也忍受不了所有这些哭闹了。support [sth] vtr (sustain life) (生命)维持；维系There isn't enough water on the moon to support life.support [sth] vtr (law: corroborate) (法律术语)证实, 支持Her testimony supported his statement.supportive of [sth/sb] adj + prep (agreeing with, backing)支持…的Gareth's parents are always supportive of his choices.加雷斯的父母总是支持他的选择。suppose [sth], suppose that [sth] vtr (consider, imagine)假设；假想Suppose Janet gets fired over your mistake; what will you do then?假设珍妮特因你的过失而遭到解雇，你到时又打算怎么办？suppose [sth] vtr (imply)假定，假设；意味着The government's policy of privatisation supposes that the private sector is better at running things than the public sector.政府的私有化政策是假定在经营方面，私有部门比公有部门更为擅长。be supposed to do [sth] v expr (have responsibility, job)应该做He was supposed to finish the report by Monday, but he didn't turn it in until Wednesday.她本应该周一前完成报告，不过她到周三才交。be supposed to do [sth] v expr (be intended, designed)本应；本应当This pen is supposed to write smoothly even in space.这支笔即使在太空中也应当书写流畅。be supposed to do [sth], be supposed to be [sth] v expr (be rumored)据传言；据说This coffee is supposed to be the best, but I don't taste any difference from the cheaper brand.据传言，这种咖啡是最好喝的，不过我没有尝出和廉价品牌比有什么区别。be supposed to do [sth], be supposed to be [sth] v expr US (be thought, suspected)被认为He's supposed to be the author of all those blackmail notes.他被认为是所有那些勒索信件的始作俑者。be supposed to do [sth] v expr (be expected)被预期It is supposed to snow this afternoon.今天下午被预告说要下雪。be supposed to do [sth], be supposed to be [sth] v expr (be planning, scheduled)按计划；照安排The Rolling Stones are supposed to be coming to Vancouver this coming April.The party was supposed to start at 8 but no one showed up until 10.滚石乐队将按计划于今年四月来访温哥华。// 派对按计划是8点开始，不过直到10点才有人来。suppress [sth] vtr (quell: opposition)镇压，压制The party leader suppressed the rebellion among his ministers.政党领袖将手下造反的几名部长镇压了下去。suppress [sth] vtr (information: withhold) (信息)封锁，隐瞒For years, the dangers of smoking were suppressed.吸烟的危害被隐瞒了许多年。suppress [sth] vtr (thought: push away) (想法、念头)压住；压抑；扼制Nancy wondered what she'd do if she didn't pass the exams, but then she suppressed the thought; she had to pass, so she would!南希不知道如果没通过这次考试自己该怎么办，但接下来她就把这个念头压了下来。她必须通过，所以肯定会通过！suppress [sth] vtr (anger, emotions: quell) (感情)抑制；克制Trevor was furious, but he managed to suppress his anger and be polite.特雷弗非常愤怒，但他设法压住了火气，表现得彬彬有礼。suppress [sth] vtr (response: not express) (反应等)忍住，抑制住，克制It was clear that the boss was serious, no matter how ridiculous he was being, so I managed to suppress my smile.很明显老板是认真的，所以不管他有多可笑，我都设法忍住了笑意。surcharge [sth/sb] vtr (physically overload)使超载；使负重过多；使装载太多The extra traffic surcharged the bridge to the point where it was on the brink of collapse.surcharge [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep figurative (overload)使超载, 使超负荷Dan's boss surcharged him with work.sure of [sth] adj + prep (certain of [sth])确定…，对…肯定Only reply if you are sure of the answer.只有在你确定答案正确时作答。sure of [sth] adj + prep (confident)对…自信的；对…有信心的The athlete was sure of his skills.那运动员对自己的技术很有信心。sure of [sth] adj + prep (certain to receive)一定会获得…，一定会得到…You're always sure of a warm welcome at this hotel.在这家酒店，你一定会得到热烈的欢迎。sure to do [sth] expr (certain to do)一定会做某事，肯定能做某事That horse is sure to win the race; you should put a bet on him.那匹马肯定能赢，你一定要赌他赢。surf [sth] vtr figurative, informal (TV, internet: look around) (在互联网等上)在…上冲浪（浏览），不断更换（电视频道））John flopped on the sofa and surfed the TV channels, looking for something good to watch.约翰一屁股坐到沙发上，不断地更换着电视频道，搜寻好看的节目。surface [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (cover, coat with [sth])在…上加一层Oliver surfaced the bookcase with a glossy finish.surface [sth] vtr (cover, coat)对…进行涂层处理；给…上漆Melanie got out some varnish, ready to surface the old table.梅勒妮取出一些清漆，准备要给那张老桌子上漆。surmise [sth] vtr (guess, deduce [sth])推测Based on the dirty dishes on the counter, I surmised that my sister hadn't cleaned her apartment in over a week.surmount [sth] vtr (overcome)克服；战胜The government needs to surmount the problem of poverty.surpass [sth/sb] vtr (be greater than, exceed)超越，超过；优于；胜过The car's speed surpassed that of any vehicle Lydia had previously owned.这辆车的速度超过了莉迪亚以前曾有过的任何车辆的速度。surpass [sth/sb] vtr (be better than)超过；胜过；胜过This student surpasses all the others in his class.这名学生的成绩超过了班上其他人。surpass [sth] vtr (go beyond the limits of)超过…的范围The professor's lecture surpassed Alex's understanding.这名教授的授课内容超过了艾利克斯的理解范围。surprise [sb] by doing [sth] v expr (do [sth] unexpected)因做某事而让某人感到惊讶Ken surprised his wife by making her pancakes for breakfast.肯因为给老婆做了蛋烘糕作早餐而使她感到惊讶。surprise [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (do [sth] nice for [sb])使…感到惊喜；给…惊喜We surprised her with flowers.我们送花给她，让她非常惊喜。surprise [sb] by doing [sth] v expr (do [sth] nice for [sb])通过做某事给某人惊喜The students surprised their teacher by throwing her a party.为了给老师一个惊喜，学生们为她举办了一场派对。surrender [sth] vtr (hand over: weapons) (指武器)交出，放下Surrender your weapons!放下武器！surrender [sth/sb] vtr (hand over, give up)交出；将...交给He surrendered his driver's license to the police.他将自己的驾驶执照交给了警察。surrender [sth/sb] vtr (military: relinquish, give up) (军队)交出；让出They surrendered the territory to the invaders.他们向敌人让出了自己的领土。surrender yourself to [sth] v expr (give in to [sth] tempting)沉溺于；沉湎于She surrendered herself to the joy of the music.她沉溺于音乐带来的欢愉中。surround [sth], surround [sb] vtr (police: encircle [sb] or [sth])包围, 围困The police surrounded the building.警察包围了那幢大楼。surround [sth], surround [sb] vtr (be all around)围绕；环绕We were surrounded by lush, leafy plants.我们被茂密的多叶植株所环绕。surround [sth/sb] vtr (be associated with)与...有联系；与...相关The circumstances surrounding this tragedy are still unclear.be surrounded by [sth], be surrounded with [sth] v expr (be enclosed, encircled by)被…环绕；为…所包围The house was surrounded by fields.be surrounded by [sth/sb] v expr (have around you)被...包围；被...环绕；处于...的围绕之中；围满了It's a great comfort to be surrounded by friends and family.surveil [sb/sth] vtr (keep [sb/sth] under surveillance)对…实施监视survey [sth/sb] vtr (gather opinions)向…收集意见The newspaper surveyed 50,000 people to find out their opinions on modern issues.Ben surveyed the group to see where they wanted to go to lunch.报社向五万人收集了意见，调查他们对当代问题有何看法。// 本向小组收集了意见，看看他们午餐想去哪里吃。survey [sth] vtr (measure for mapping)测量；勘测；测绘They surveyed the property to get the map drawn right.他们对这栋房产进行了勘测，以便正确绘制地图。survey [sth] vtr (examine a house) (房屋)鉴定；检视We had an inspector come to survey the house.survey [sth] vtr (scrutinize)仔细检查, 全面考察The chess player surveyed the board before making his next move.survive [sth] vtr (endure)撑过去，经受住；挺过去I can't believe I survived that terrible ordeal.我不敢相信自己居然经受住了那场可怕的磨难。survive on [sth] vi + prep (stay alive with only)靠...活下来I can survive on four hours' sleep a night if I have to.susceptibility, susceptibility to [sth] n (vulnerability)容易受伤害或影响的特性Susie washed her hands often because she had a high susceptibility to viruses.susceptible (to [sth]) adj (vulnerable)易受…伤害的In her condition she's very susceptible to infections.以她的状况，很容易被感染。susceptible to [sth] adj + prep (easy to impress)容易受…影响的，容易被…打动的None of the girls seemed very susceptible to my charms.这些女孩中似乎没有谁能轻易被我的魅力所打动。susceptible to doing [sth] adj + prep (liable to do)有可能；有…的倾向Be careful! That dog is susceptible to biting people when he gets excited.当心！那条狗激动的时候有可能咬人。suspect [sb] of [sth], suspect [sb] of doing [sth] vtr + prep (believe guilty of)怀疑某人犯有…（罪）I suspect Tom of stealing those stationery supplies.我怀疑是汤姆偷走了那些文具用品。suspect [sth], suspect that vtr (think possibly)怀疑，推测，猜想，料想The plumber says he can get all the work done in an hour, but I suspect it will take longer than that.水管工说他一个小时就能把所有活干完，但我怀疑需要更长时间。be suspected of [sth] v expr (thought guilty of a crime)涉嫌，有…的嫌疑be suspected of doing [sth] v expr (thought guilty of doing [sth])涉嫌，有做某事的嫌疑suspend [sth] vtr (physically: hang)悬挂There is a hook on top of the lantern which can be used to suspend it.suspend [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (physically: hang)悬挂；吊起；挂起Don't suspend anything very heavy from these hooks.suspend [sth] vtr (postpone, delay)拖延；拖后The game was suspended because of rain.suspend [sth] vtr (judgment: reserve)暂缓决定；暂缓判决Please suspend your judgment till all the facts are in.suspend [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep often passive (expel from school)从…开除Jessica was suspended from school for starting a fight with another student.suspend [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep often passive (dismiss temporarily from job)停某人某职The director suspended Mark from work pending an internal investigation.suspicious of [sb/sth] adj + prep (wary of)对…心存疑虑；怀疑The security guard became suspicious of a customer who was looking around nervously.保安对一位紧张环顾四周的顾客心生怀疑。suss [sth] vtr informal (figure out)搞清楚；弄明白Together, the students sussed the reason their teacher had been absent.sustain [sth] vtr (continue at same level)保持；使…稳定持续The runner is off to a good start, but can she sustain that pace?那位赛跑选手开始跑得不错，但她能一直保持那样的速度吗？sustain [sth] vtr (support, take the weight of)支撑；承受The air currents sustained the bird's weight in the air.在空中，气流支撑着鸟儿的重量。sustain [sth] vtr (suffer: an injury)受（伤）The footballer had to abandon the game after he sustained an injury.那名足球运动员受伤后，不得不放弃了比赛。sustain [sth], sustain that [sth] vtr (argue, maintain)证明The right-wing politician sustained that immigration was the cause of all these problems.sustain [sth] vtr (affirm, uphold)认可；确认；支持The judge sustained the decision of the lower court.suture [sth] vtr (stitch a wound)缝线；缝合I barely felt a thing when the doctor sutured the incision.swab [sth] vtr (medical: take specimen from) (医疗)从…取化验标本The doctor needs to swab your throat.swab [sth] vtr (medical: clean with a cotton wad)用药棉清洗The nurse swabbed the open wound and applied a bandage.swab [sth] vtr (nautical: clean, mop) (甲板)打扫, 清洁Sailors swab the deck every morning.swage [sth] vtr (bend with a swage)用型铁弄弯曲swage [sth] vtr (taper with a swage)用旋锻工具模锻swage [sth] on [sth], swage [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (join together with a swage)用模锻法将金属连在一起swallow [sth] vtr (ingest: food, drink)吞下；咽下Ned chewed the chocolate, then swallowed it.奈德嚼碎巧克力吞了下去。swallow [sth] vtr figurative, informal (accept)轻易接受；轻易相信You might not like these changes, but I'm afraid you're just going to have to swallow them.swallow [sth] vtr figurative, informal (believe)相信Fred is so gullible; he'll swallow anything you tell him.swamp [sth] vtr (drench, submerge)淹没；浸没The water overflowed the sink, swamping the kitchen floor.洗碗池中的水溢出来，流得厨房满地都是。swamp [sth] vtr (boat: fill with water)使（船）灌满水The waves rose up and swamped the boat.海浪涌起，船被灌满了水。swamp [sth/sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (drench with, submerge in)把…浸入…；用…淹没…A wave crashed on the side of the dinghy and swamped it with ice-cold water.海浪打在小艇侧面，冰冷的海水将其淹没。swamp [sb/sth] with [sth] vtr + prep figurative, often passive (overload: with work, etc.) (工作等太多)不堪承受, 无法招架The translator's clients were swamping her with work and she had no time to do anything else.那位翻译的客户给了他许多工作，她忙得几乎没有时间做其他事。swap [sth], also UK: swop [sth] vtr informal (exchange, trade)交换；与…作交换Billy swaps football cards with his friends.比利和朋友们交换球星卡。swap [sth] for [sth], also UK: swop [sth] for [sth] vtr + prep informal (trade one item for another)用…换…，用…交换…The coffee shop has swapped its plastic cups for eco-friendly paper ones.那家咖啡馆用环保的纸杯替换了本身的塑料杯。swarm with [sth/sb] vi + prep (be overrun with)成群；满是After the window had been open all day, the room was swarming with flies.swarm up [sth] vi + adv (climb quickly)快速爬上The sailor swarmed up the ship's rigging.swat [sth] vtr (fly, etc.: hit swiftly) (昆虫等)猛拍Quick! Swat the bee before it stings me!swat [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (fly, etc.: hit swiftly with [sth])用…拍苍蝇等昆虫Rick swatted a fly with a newspaper.swat [sth/sb] vtr (hit swiftly)猛拍Rhonda swatted her son's bottom when he said a bad word.swat [sth/sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (hit swiftly with [sth])用…猛拍Mary swatted Ken with a newspaper.swathe [sth/sb] vtr often passive (wrap up) (用布等)包, 裹, 覆盖The patient's ankle was tightly swathed to prevent movement.；swathe [sth/sb] in [sth] vtr + prep often passive (wrap up)把…裹在…里；把…包在…里The baby was swathed in soft blankets.swathe [sth] around [sth/sb] vtr + prep (wind, wrap around) (用布等)包, 缠She swathed the long scarf around her neck.swathe [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep often passive (wrap in bandages)用绷带缠The nurse swathed the patient's arm in gauze.sway [sth/sb] vtr (rock [sth] from side to side)摇, 摇晃A gentle wind swayed the palm trees.一阵微风摇晃着那棵棕榈树。sway [sth/sb] vtr (opinion, beliefs: influence)使改变看法；使动摇Jessica was sure she was right, but in the end, Dawn's arguments swayed her and she changed her mind.一开始杰西卡坚信自己没错，但最后奥恩的论点让她的想法动摇，改变了心意。swear to do [sth] v expr (legal: say under oath)宣誓；发誓I swear to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.我发誓，我说的是明白无疑、彻彻底底的真话。swear to do [sth] v expr (promise solemnly to)发誓要做某事I swear to do my best to stay out of trouble.我发誓尽己所能不惹是非。sweat [sth] vtr informal, figurative (worry about)为…操心；为…担心Don't sweat the small stuff.别为琐事操心。sweat [sth] vtr (heat: onions, etc.) (烹饪)焖Sweat the onions for 10 minutes, until they are soft.sweep [sth] vtr (clean: a floor)扫；打扫；清扫Helen swept the kitchen floor after she'd finished cooking.饭做完后，海伦把厨房的地扫了一遍。sweep [sth] vtr US (sports: win a series) (体育运动)在…中连连获胜The gymnast swept the competition, winning six gold medals.sweep [sth] vtr (clean: a chimney) (烟囱)清扫Alan swept the chimney, ready to light the fire over the winter.艾伦清扫了烟囱，准备好在冬天点燃壁炉。sweep [sth] vtr figurative (spread quickly across)在…快速蔓延Fire swept the building.火势在建筑内快速地蔓延。sweep [sth] for [sth] vtr + prep (search) (地雷)在…清扫；在…搜索The squadron swept the area for mines. The spies swept the room for bugs.分遣队在该地区清扫地雷。间谍在房间搜索窃听器。sweep across [sth] vi + prep (spread rapidly over)席卷；横扫This snow storm is sweeping across the entire state!sweep [sth] along, sweep along [sth] vtr + adv (carry, transport)扫走；冲走；刮走The wind swept along debris from the street.sweep [sth] away vtr + adv (clear with a broom or brush)扫除, 扫走I swept the dirt away from the door with an old broom.sweep [sth] away, sweep away [sth] vtr + adv figurative (banish, eliminate)清除The new leader promised to sweep away the corruption in the country.sweep [sth] away, sweep away [sth] vtr + adv (clear, destroy)冲毁，冲垮，冲走；摧毁，毁坏The floodwaters swept away several trees.sweep [sth] out vtr + adv (clear with a broom)清扫；扫掉；扫出I need to sweep out my dirty garage.sweep over [sth/sb] vtr + prep (pass over and submerge)没过；淹没sweep past [sb/sth], sweep by [sb/sth] vi + prep (move rapidly past [sth], [sb])掠过The cars swept past the front of the house.sweep through [sth] vi + prep (spread quickly)迅速传遍；迅速蔓延The virus swept through the school; within two weeks, almost all the pupils had had it.sweep through [sth] vi + prep figurative (information: spread quickly) (消息)迅速传遍；迅速传播News of Jerry's return swept through the village.sweep [sth] up vtr + adv (clean with a broom, brush)清扫If you are going to allow dogs in the house you need to sweep up the dog hair.sweet-talk [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (persuade to do by flattery)用花言巧语哄...做...She was unable to sweet-talk her teacher into giving her a better grade.She batted her eyes at me and then sweet-talked me into buying her a new pair of shoes.sweeten [sth] vtr (add sugar, sweetener to)加糖, 使…变甜Mark doesn't like to sweeten his tea.sweeten [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (make sweeter)使...变甜Jess sweetened her coffee with honey.sweeten [sth] vtr figurative (make more enticing)使…令人愉悦, 使…吸引人I'm not going to accept the job offer unless they sweeten it.sweeten [sth] by doing [sth] v expr figurative (make more enticing)使...更诱人The company sweetened the job offer by promising five weeks of paid vacation.sweeten [sth] vtr (breath, air: freshen)使…清新I sweetened my mouth with a mint before going in for the big interview.swell [sth] vtr (increase [sth])使…增加，使…增长Office workers came out into the street to see what the commotion was about, swelling the crowd.办公室职员涌上街头，想看看骚乱究竟为何，这使得人群人数增加。swept away by [sth], swept away with [sth] adj often passive (completely engaged)被迷住了；完全专心于Hilda didn't hear you; she's completely swept away by that novel.swig [sth] vtr informal (drink in large mouthfuls)大口喝；痛饮The baseball player swigged a can of beer after the big game.swill [sth] vtr pejorative, informal (gulp, drink greedily)大口喝；痛饮；牛饮Jerry swilled the wine, emptying the glass almost immediately.swill [sth] vtr (liquid: swirl) (液体)使…晃荡，使...打旋The man swilled his cocktail before taking a long drink.swill [sth] vtr mainly UK (wash, rinse)冲洗Just let me swill this cup and I will be ready to go.swim [sth] vtr (cross by swimming)游过Didn't somebody swim the English Channel last summer?swimming in [sth] adj + prep figurative (having an abundance of [sth])大量拥有…的；富有…的That guy is swimming in money!swindle [sb] out of [sth] v expr (take [sth] by deception)从某人手中骗走The con artists swindled the wealthy man out of his entire fortune.swing [sth] vtr (racket, bat) (球拍等)挥舞, 挥动The player swung the tennis racket.那位选手挥舞（or: 挥动）着网球拍。swing for [sth] vi + prep dated, slang (be hanged for a crime) (旧时俚语)因…被绞死；犯...罪而获绞刑"You'll swing for what you've done!" said the widow to the outlaw.寡妇对歹徒说：“你将会因自己的所作所为而被绞死！”swing [sth] vtr (oscillate)摇摆；摆动Swing the rope from side to side.swing [sth] vtr informal (manage as wanted)搞到，获得；办到，办成，完成The company director managed to swing the deal to suit his business interests. You got the tickets? Brilliant; I knew you'd manage to swing it!你拿到门票了？太棒了，我就知道你能想方设法搞到的！公司董事设法以符合自己商业利益的方式来完成这笔生意。swing [sth] vtr (vote, election: influence) (投票，选举等)影响，左右Young people's dislike of the current government could swing the next election.年轻人对现任政府的不满能够左右下一届选举。swing at [sb] [sth] vi + prep (attempt to hit)朝…打去The man swung at Harry, who ducked to avoid the punch.那个人朝哈利打去，哈利一个闪身，躲开了那一拳。swing [sth] at [sb] vtr + prep (attempt to hit with punch, blow)用…朝…打去，用…挥向…The drunk man swung a punch at me.醉汉用拳头朝我打过来。swing [sth] vtr (cause to pivot)让...旋转；让...摇晃；让...摇摆I swung the window open and the draught swung the door shut.swing back, swing back to [sth] v expr figurative (return to previous belief)变回，回到；回归Some people think North Korea is swinging back to the ways of its most reclusive era.swinge [sb/sth] vtr archaic (flog, strike)鞭打swingle [sth] vtr (beat flax into fibers)用打麻器打swipe [sth/sb] vtr (hit with swinging blow)碰擦，刮蹭； (（用棍棒等）)击中，挥击The cricketer swiped the ball.那位运动员击中了球。swipe [sth] vtr informal (steal)偷走；顺手牵羊地拿走Somebody's swiped my chemistry textbook.有人偷走了我的化学书。swipe [sth] vtr (insert in a card reader)刷卡Swipe your card and enter your PIN on the keypad.请刷卡并在键盘上输入您的密码。swipe [sth] vtr (drag finger across: a touchscreen) (手指划过触摸屏)滑动Swipe the screen to unlock your phone.滑动屏幕解锁手机。swirl [sth] vtr (move in circular motion)使…打旋；使…旋转The wind swirled the dead leaves.switch [sth] and [sth] vtr + conj (exchange)交换...和...；调换...和...One of the line cooks, angry about his low wages, switched the salt and sugar.一位大厨不满意自己低微的薪资，出于愤怒，调换了盐和糖。switch [sth] with [sth], switch [sth] for [sth] vtr + prep (exchange for [sth])交换；替换They played a prank on me by secretly switching my tea for onion soup.他们捉弄我，偷偷把我的茶换成了洋葱汤。switch [sth] vtr (change to [sth] new)改换，更换；改变I switched service providers because my broadband wasn't fast enough.因为宽带不够快，所以我更换了一家公司。switch to [sth] vi + prep (change to)转换；转变He switched to third gear to gain some speed.I tried to ask the question in Spanish, but got stuck, so I switched to English.他换到第三挡以加快速度。我尝试用西班牙语问这个问题，但我卡住了，只能换用英语问。switch [sth] vtr (change: direction, course)改变；转换The boat switched course when the winds changed.switch from [sth] to [sth] v expr (change to)将…换成I switched from human resources courses to language courses.我将人力资源课程换成了语言课程。switch to [sth] vi + prep (change tv channel to) (电视频道)切换到，换到I switched to a documentary channel.我换到了纪录片频道。switch to doing [sth] v expr (change to doing [sth])转变去做...Going to the coffee house every morning was becoming expensive, so I switched to brewing my own.switch [sth] off, switch off [sth] vtr + adv (turn off power to) (电源)关闭，关掉Whenever I leave the house, I always switch off the lights.每当离开家，我总会把电灯关掉。swivel [sth] vtr (turn on pivot) (顺着旋轴)使…旋转，转动…Belinda swivelled the arm of the crane into position.swivel [sth/sb] vtr (rotate)使…转动；使…旋转Henry caught hold of Rick's arm and swivelled him to face the house.sworn to [sth/sb] adj + prep (bound by oath to [sth/sb])发誓要；向…发誓The priest considered himself sworn to God.I can't tell you; I'm sworn to secrecy.swot for [sth] vi + prep UK, informal (study for an exam)用功Jeannie spent the weekend swotting for the exam.syllabicate [sth] vtr (divide into syllables) (语言学)为…划分音节syllabify [sth] vtr (divide into syllables)为...划分音节syllable [sth] vtr formal (utter in syllables)按音节发音；按音节读出The student syllabled the unfamiliar Latin word to try to guess its meaning.syllogize [sth], syllogise [sth] vtr formal (deduce by syllogism)用三段论法推断The author syllogized some unpleasant truths.symbolic of [sth] adj + prep (representing [sth])作为...象征的；象征性的The colours on the flag are symbolic of the earth, the sea and the sun.symbolize [sth/sb], also UK: symbolise [sth/sb] vtr (be a visual symbol of)成为…的象征；成为…的标志The sun figure symbolizes daytime or daylight.symbolize [sth], also UK: symbolise [sth] vtr (represent)象征，标志着；用象征性的事物表示These protests symbolize the people's discontent.sympathetic to [sth/sb], sympathetic toward [sth/sb], also UK: sympathetic towards [sth/sb] adj + prep (showing understanding)对...谅解的；同情...的The teacher is sympathetic to the problems of her teenage students.老师对她十几岁学生所造成的问题表示谅解。sympathetic to [sth] adj (favourable towards)同情；怜悯The manager was sympathetic to Tom's ideas.sympathize with [sth], also UK: sympathise with [sth] vi + prep (cause: agree with, support)赞同；支持More people have begun to sympathize with the strikers' cause.symptom of [sth] n (indicator)…的征兆The figures are a symptom of sluggish job growth.这些数字是就业增长缓慢的征兆。sync [sth], synch [sth] vtr informal, abbreviation (synchronize)使...同步； (时钟)校准，使时间上一致； (电影)使（声画）同步I can't sync the sound properly; it's out of time with the video.sync [sth] with [sth], synch [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep informal, abbreviation (synchronize with [sth])使…与…同步I'm trying to sync my requests for money with her payday.synchronize [sth], also UK: synchronise [sth] vtr (watches: set to same time) (钟表)校准…时间We synchronized our stopwatches in order to conduct the experiment accurately.synchronize [sth] with [sth], also UK: synchronise [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (watch: set to same time) (钟表)将…的时间与…的时间对准Synchronize your watch with mine so we won't be late.synchronize [sth] and [sth], also UK: synchronise [sth] and [sth] vtr (make simultaneous)使…同时；使…同步The gymnastics team needed to synchronize their movements with the music.synchronize [sth] with [sth], also UK: synchronise [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (make [sth] simultaneous with [sth])使…与…同步The theater synchronized the broadcast of the play with the live performance.syncopate [sth] vtr (music: stress the off-beat)以切分音修饰；切分syncopate [sth] vtr (sound, letter: omit) (语法术语)词中省略, 中略syndicate [sth] vtr (combine, unite)将…组成辛迪加Because of the budget cuts, the bank had to syndicate its main office with the local office.syndicate [sth] vtr (sell to many venues)卖至给多家媒体Joe's advice column was syndicated in twelve major newspapers.a synonym for [sth] n (word: same meaning as another)…的同义词What's a good synonym for "enthusiastic"?“热情洋溢”比较贴切的同义词是什么？synonymous with [sth] adj + prep (similar in meaning to)与...同义的"Image" is synonymous with "picture."synonymous with [sth] adj + prep figurative (associated with)等同于...的；... 的代名词The name Elvis Presley is synonymous with rock 'n' roll.synthesize [sth], also UK: synthesise [sth] vtr (amalgamate)综合；总结I'm trying to synthesize my ideas in essay form.synthesize [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (amalgamate with)综合；合成The artist synthesized classical composition with modern materials.syringe [sth] vtr (clean with a syringe) (用注射器)冲洗, 灌洗Syringe the tissue with a saline solution.systematize [sth], also UK: systematise [sth] vtr (organize, order [sth])使系统化；使有条理T-bone [sth] vtr US, informal (crash into side of vehicle)撞击；撞到The truck blew through a red light and T-boned a car in the middle of the intersection.tabby [sth] vtr (textiles: give watered appearance)对织物做波纹轧光处理table [sth] vtr UK (deal with [sth])处理；对付This matter needs to be tabled immediately.table [sth] vtr US (postpone dealing with [sth])搁置；暂缓The committee voted to table the legislation, effectively killing it.table [sth] vtr (enter in table, list)把…制成表格；把…列成表格I would like you to table all our sales figures for this month.tablet [sth] vtr often passive (drug: make into tablets)将…制成片剂tablet [sth] vtr usually passive (inscribe on tablet)将…写在牌上；将…刻在碑上The commandments were tableted and the tablet placed in the church for all to see.taboo [sth] vtr (put under taboo)列为禁忌It's dangerous to taboo sexual education.把性教育列为禁忌是很危险的事情。tabulate [sth] vtr (organize in form of a table)把…制成表格；用表格来表示Researchers tabulated and analyzed the data.tabulate [sth] vtr (computers: use key to indent text) (计算机)按制表键使缩进Tabulate the first line of every paragraph.tack [sth] vtr (attach with tack)用图钉钉Hugo tacked the secret letter to the underside of a drawer.雨果将密信钉在了抽屉底下。tack [sth] vtr (to a wall) (用图钉等)钉到...上The teacher tacked the students' artwork to the classroom walls.老师把学生们的画钉在了班里墙上。tack [sth] vtr (stitch loosely)松松地缝上；用粗针脚缝上The dressmaker tacked the sleeves.那个裁缝松松地缝上了袖子。tack [sth] down, tack down [sth] vtr + adv (affix with tacks)钉住，钉牢tack [sth] on, tack on [sth] vtr + adv (attach by pinning)用别针别在Jane took some old notices off the board to make space, before tacking on her poster.tackle [sth] vtr (problem)对付；处理The shopkeeper tackled the problem of shoplifting by installing CCTV.为了对付店中失窃的问题，老板安装了中央监控器。tag [sth] onto [sth] vtr + prep (attach, append)把…添加到…；把…附加到…James tagged the file onto the email, so his manager could see what the problem was.詹姆士把相关文件添加到邮件内，这样他的主管就能知道问题具体是什么了。tag [sb] as [sth/sb] vtr + conj (identify: as) (比喻)给某人贴上…的标签；把某人叫作…At an early age, Karen's teachers tagged her as a troublemaker.小时候，凯伦的老师管她叫小捣蛋鬼。tag [sb/sth] vtr (on internet: label)给…加标签The blog writer tagged the post with several keywords.这名博主给帖子加了多个标签。tag [sth] on vtr + adv (attach, append to [sth])将…添加到；把...贴上tail [sb/sth] vtr informal (follow) (非正式用语)跟随, 盯梢, 偷偷尾随；紧随…之后The spy tailed the official to find out whom he was working with.间谍偷偷尾随这位官员，想弄清楚他与谁一起工作。NEW：那条狗紧随主人之后跑了出去。tailgate [sb/sth] vtr informal (drive closely behind)紧跟...行驶A red car tailgated me all the way to the grocery store.tailor [sth] vtr figurative (create specially)量身打造，量身定制（以适合特定需求）The advantage of one-to-one lessons is that your teacher can tailor the course to you.一对一课程的优势在于老师可以为你量身打造适合你的课程。tailor [sth] vtr (sew)裁制Mary tailored the material into a suit.玛丽将布料裁制成了一套衣服。tailor-made for [sth/sb] adj figurative (perfectly suited)为…量身打造的Jim has always loved trains, so his new job as a train driver is tailor-made for him.tailored to [sth] adj + prep figurative (customized to suit)为…量身定制的；为…专门打造的The study abroad program is tailored to each student's needs.该出国留学项目是根据每个学生的需求量身定制的。taint [sth] vtr (spoil, contaminate)感染, 使腐坏；污染, 玷染Fertilizer has tainted the local water supply.taint [sth] vtr figurative (reputation: damage) (名声、名誉)败坏, 破坏, 损害These revelations are bound to taint his popularity.take [sth] vtr (grab)抓, 抓住, 握, 夺取；理解, 领会, 领悟She took the money and ran to the store.她抓起钱向商店跑去。ⓘ这句话不是该英语句子的翻译。 你不要误解我的意思。take [sth] to [sth/sb] vtr (transport, carry)将...带去；将...搬运到；把...带到He took the radio to his friend's house.他把收音机带到了朋友家里。take [sth] vtr (accept, receive)接受；接收I refuse to take your money.我拒绝收你的钱。take [sth] vtr (steal)偷窃；偷走He didn't have the money to pay for the candy, so he just took it.他没有钱，所以偷走了糖果。take [sth] vtr (snatch)夺走；抢走The robber took my purse and ran away.劫匪抢走我的钱包跑了。take [sth] from [sb] vtr + prep (snatch, confiscate)从...处夺走His friend took the TV from him.朋友从他的住处夺走了电视机。take [sth] vtr (serve yourself)自用；自取Please, take a cake from the tray.盘里有蛋糕，想吃随便拿。take [sb/sth] vtr (convey, transport)用车搭载；运送；运走Will you take me to the bus station?你能开车送我去公交车站吗？take [sth] vtr (go by: form of transport) (交通工具)乘坐, 搭乘We took a taxi home at the end of the night.那天深夜我们搭乘出租车回家。take [sth] vtr (require: time) (时间)花费, 需要…时间How long did it take?It took me all day to finish that job.这件事要花多长时间？take [sth] vtr (get control)控制；拥有The generals took power and exiled the President.take [sth] vtr (seize, capture)占领；夺取The army took the town after forty-eight hours of fighting.take [sth] vtr (fish, game: catch)捕获；猎获We took ten brace of pheasants at the shoot.take [sth] vtr (move)移动；运送The conveyor belt takes the part to the next station.take [sth] from [sb] vtr + prep (confiscate)把…充公；没收The teacher took the magazine from the student.take [sth] vtr (form of payment: accept) (付款形式)接受, 认可Do you take credit cards?你接受信用卡付款吗？take [sth] vtr informal (cost)花费；花掉How much will it take to buy this car?take [sth] vtr (money: win, earn)赢得；获得；挣得He took thousands of dollars at the casino.take [sth] vtr (use, run on)使用；利用；配备有This camera takes long-life batteries.take [sth] vtr (sit down on)在…上坐下；坐在Please come in and take a seat.take [sth] vtr (enrol in, study) (课程)选修I decided to take French next term.take [sth] vtr (wear: shoe size)穿...码的鞋I take a size six in boots, but a size five in shoes.take [sth] vtr (wear: clothing size)穿...码的衣服What size do you take?take [sth] vtr (ingest)吃；吞；服用He takes the medicine without complaining.take [sth] vtr informal (endure)忍受；容忍I can't take it any more! Let me out of here!take [sth] vtr informal (require)要求；需要What will it take to convince you?要怎样才能让你相信？take [sth] vtr (amount: accept as payment)接受...作为报酬Will you take three hundred pounds for the table?take [sth] from [sth] vtr (derive from)某事源起于This musical takes its inspiration from a Shakespeare play.take [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (extract, quote)摘录；节录；引述This line of poetry is taken from Dante's Inferno.这行诗摘自但丁的《地狱》。take [sth] vtr (bath, shower: use)洗澡；沐浴I am so dirty. I really need to take a bath.take [sth] vtr (use for flavour)加入；放入I take two sugars in my coffee.take [sth] vtr (go on: vacation) (假期)度We took a holiday in Argentina last year.take [sth] vtr (kill, end: a life)杀死；了结The murderer has taken many lives.take [sth] vtr (game: capture) (游戏、比赛等)赢得, 吃掉He took one of his opponent's pawns in the chess game.take [sth] vtr (baseball: not swing) (棒球术语)放过（投过来的球）不打The batter always takes the first pitch.your take on [sth] n (opinion, view)观点；想法What's your take on the issue?你对于此事的观点是什么？take [sth] vtr (do, sit: a test, exam)参加（考试）I'm taking my chemistry exam on Wednesday.我周三要参加化学考试。a take on [sth], [sb]'s take on [sth] n mainly US (version, interpretation)对…的讲述，对…的诠释；某人对…的讲述，某人对…的诠释This movie is the director's take on the classic love story.这部影片是导演对经典爱情故事的诠释。take [sth] vtr (view in a certain way)看待，看；对待I don't know how to take what you just said. This is important work; we need to take it seriously.我不知道你是如何看待自己刚刚的言辞的。这是一份重要的工作，我们需要认真对待。take [sth] vtr (image: capture)拍摄；给...照相The photographer took several shots of the bride and groom.I always take loads of photos when I'm on holiday.take [sth] vtr (interpret)理解，诠释备注: followed by an adverb or adverbial phraseDon't take it like that! That's not what I meant.别那样理解它！我不是那个意思。take a census of [sth], conduct a census of v expr (conduct a survey)做关于…的民意调查Rupert took a census of opinion but found no support for his suggestion.take a close look at [sth/sb], take a careful look at [sth/sb] v expr (examine, inspect [sth])仔细检查；仔细查看Before buying a used car, I take a careful look at the engine.take a course, take a course in [sth] v expr (attend classes, study)修一门课I once took a course in physics - I couldn't understand a word of it!take a crack at [sth] v expr informal (attempt [sth])尝试I can't finish this crossword puzzle - do you want to take a crack at it?take a dim view of [sth] v expr figurative (disapprove)对…不乐观；对…不以为然Her parents took a dim view of her choice of boyfriends.take a hard line on [sth], take the hard line on [sth] v expr (be staunch about [sth])在…方面走强硬路线；在...问题上不妥协take a long time to do [sth] v expr (require much time)做某事需要很长时间；做某事要很久It took a long time to tidy the apartment.take [sb] a long time to do [sth] v expr (require much time of [sb])做某事需要某人花费很长时间；做某事需要某人花很久It has taken Graeme a long time to get over his divorce.take a look at [sth/sb] v expr informal (look casually at [sth/sb])看一看Zoe took a look at the clock and was surprised to see that it was already 5 p.m.佐伊看了看时钟，意外地发现已经下午5点了。take a look at [sth/sb] v expr informal (inspect, investigate [sth/sb])调查You should get a doctor to take a look at that rash.你应该找一个医生看看皮疹。take a peek at [sth] v expr informal (look briefly, furtively)偷看一眼；瞄一眼I want so badly to take a peek at my presents, but I'll wait till Christmas.take a peep at [sth/sb] v expr (quickly look at)瞥一眼；看一眼take a shot at [sth], have a shot at [sth] v expr informal, figurative (attempt [sth])尝试I'd like to learn to play golf, so one day I think I'll take a shot at it.我想学打高尔夫球，总有一天我会去尝试的。take a shot at [sth/sb] v expr (fire at, try to hit [sth/sb])向...射击；朝...开枪When you see the target appear, aim your gun and take a shot at it. I took a shot at the deer, but I missed.看到目标出现时，端起枪瞄准，然后向目标射击。我朝那只鹿开了一枪，但没打中。take a stab at [sth], have a stab at [sth] v expr informal, figurative (attempt, try [sth])尝试..., 试图...take a stab at doing [sth], have a stab at doing [sth] v expr informal, figurative (attempt [sth])尝试做...take a stand against [sth/sb], make a stand against [sth/sb] v expr (maintain opinion against opposition)坚定反对...的立场Are you going to take a stand against the government's crackdown on the press?你是否打算坚定立场，反对政府对媒体的压迫？take account of [sth] v expr (take into consideration)考虑到If you use a pesticide, you must take account of various health and safety considerations.take advantage of [sth] v expr (make the most of)利用I took advantage of the situation.我利用了这个局势。；take advantage of [sb/sth] v expr (exploit)占…的便宜People who run scams try to take advantage of gullible internet users.进行诈骗的人就是想要占容易上当受骗的网民们的便宜。take aim at [sth/sb] v expr (point a weapon at)瞄准I saw a sniper taking aim at us from a second-story window.take [sth/sb] along vtr + adv (take with you)带上；捎上If you're going to the swimming pool, your little brother's bored; why not take him along?take an active part in [sth], take an active role in [sth] v expr (be involved)积极参与He refused to take an active part in the discussion.take an interest in [sth/sb], show an interest in [sth/sb] v expr (show curiosity or concern)对…感兴趣My mother never took any interest in my hobbies.take an interest in [sth] v expr (get involved, participate in)对...感兴趣；喜欢参加；喜欢涉足Helena always takes an interest in the village fair.take [sth] away vtr + adv (confiscate)没收；收缴If you take away people's guns, they won't be able to kill you.如果收缴人们的枪支，他们就杀不了你。take [sth] away vtr + adv (remove)带走Will you take the dog away before he knocks everything over?你能在狗打翻所有东西之前把它带走吗？take [sth/sb] by storm v expr (attack and conquer)攻下；攻占take [sth/sb] by storm v expr figurative (be a sudden success)风靡于...；在...中大获成功take care with [sth] v expr (be careful)小心；当心；注意Take care with that wedding cake; you don't want to drop it!请小心拿稳那个婚宴蛋糕，你可不想弄掉它！take care of [sb/sth] v expr (tend)照顾I took care of my mother in the final months of her life.我照顾母亲临终前最后几个月。take care of [sth] v expr (handle)对付；处理Phil will take care of the travel arrangements.菲尔会处理好旅行安排的相关事宜。take charge of [sth] v expr (take command or control of [sth])控制；掌管；负责Mara employed an accountant to take charge of her finances.玛拉雇了一位会计来负责她的财务。take comfort, take comfort in [sth] v expr (feel consoled or reassured)感到安慰；觉得安心Take comfort in knowing you did the very best you could.take command of [sth] v expr (take charge of [sth])负责...；指挥...take control of [sth] v expr (take charge or command of)控制；掌管The cops had a rough time taking control of the situation once the riot broke out.take courage in [sth] v expr (feel encouraged)被鼓舞I took courage in the fact that the editor accepted one of my stories.take delight in [sth] v expr (enjoy)在…中获得乐趣They took great delight in the beautiful sunset.take delight in doing [sth] v expr (enjoy doing [sth])乐于take delivery (of [sth]) vtr + n (receive, accept [sth])受领；收货I've just taken delivery of a large mysterious parcel.take [sth] down, take down [sth] vtr + adv (disassemble, dismantle)拆卸；拆除The campers took the tent down and packed it away in the car.露营人员拆卸下帐篷，并将其打包好放进了车里。take exception to [sth] v expr (object to [sth])反对；对…表示异议I take exception to that comment.take [sb/sth] for granted v expr (not value fully)认为…理所当然；想当然Children often take their parents for granted.孩子们常常认为父母的所作所为理所当然。take fright at [sth] v expr (be scared off by)因为…受到惊吓Stock markets fell after investors took fright at the weak manufacturing reports.take heed of [sth] v expr (pay attention to [sth])注意；留心take hold of [sth/sb] v expr (grasp, seize [sth])抓住；握住The horse wouldn't move so I took hold of the reins and pulled.那匹马不肯挪步，所以我抓住辔头拉动它。take [sth/sb] in hand v expr figurative (take control)控制，掌控take [sth] in stride, take [sth] in your stride v expr (deal calmly with [sth])从容应付Tim took the news of his redundancy in his stride; he had some savings and thought it might be a good opportunity to set up his own business.take [sth] into account v expr (consider, allow for)把…列入考虑范围；考虑到You should have taken their age into account. You must take into account both the exchange rate and the bank fees.你必须同时把汇率以及银行费用列入考虑范围。你应该考虑到他们的年龄。take [sth] into consideration v expr (take account of, allow for)把…列入考虑范围；考虑到Take their ages into consideration before planning games for children.take issue with [sth/sb] v expr (disagree with)在…方面有分歧；向某人提出异议；与某人有分歧She took issue with his claim of innocence.take it in turns to do [sth] v expr UK (do [sth] one at a time)挨个做某事，轮流做某事They took it in turns to drink from the water bottle.take [sth] on the chin v expr figurative, informal (accept [sth] without complaint)坦然承受；欣然接受The deposed champion took his defeat on the chin.Anne's performance received a lot of criticism, but she took it on the chin.take it upon yourself to do [sth] v expr (take responsibility for [sth])承担...的责任；负责James took it upon himself to make the arrangements for the party.take leave, take leave of [sb/sth] expr (go away from [sb/sth])向…告别take liberties with [sth] v expr (change text, content excessively)信手更改；随便更改Some translators take too many liberties with the original texts.take [sth] lightly vtr (not consider a serious matter)草率对待；掉以轻心You should not take that warning lightly.take [sb]'s mind off [sth/sb] v expr informal (distract [sb] from thinking about [sth], [sb])使某人分心不想某事；让某人从某事中抽身take no notice of [sb/sth] v expr (pay no attention to, disregard)没注意到She took no notice of his antics.take no part in [sth] v expr (not participate)没有参与；不参与；没有卷入Shirley hates dancing, and says she'll take no part in it.take note of [sth] v expr (pay attention to)注意Take note of the deadlines for handing in homework.take notice of [sth/sb] v expr (pay attention)注意到He took notice of all the road signs but still got lost.take [sth] off, take off [sth] vtr + adv (clothing: remove) (指衣服)脱去备注: A hyphen is used when the term is a noun.If you're hot, why not take off that jumper?如果你很热，为什么不脱掉那件毛衣？take [sth] off, take off [sth] vtr + adv (lid, etc.: remove) (盖子等)拿掉, 拿下You have to take off the foil capsule before you can open the bottle of wine.你需要先撕掉箔膜才能打开酒瓶。take [sth] off [sth] vtr + prep (lid, etc.: remove)拿掉…的…；拿下…的…Could you please take the lid off this jar for me?你能帮我把这个罐子的盖子拿掉吗？take [sth] on board v expr figurative (be receptive)认真考虑, 接受She wasn't prepared to take my ideas on board.take [sth] on trust v expr (believe [sth] without needing to check it)基于信任接受；相信Peter took it on trust that Rick was telling the truth.take [sth] out, take out [sth] vtr + adv (excise, remove)清除；除掉；摘除He had a rotten tooth, which he had to have taken out.他有一颗烂牙，必须拔掉。take [sth] out, take out [sth] vtr + adv (trash, rubbish: put outside) (垃圾)把…拿出去Can you take the rubbish out?你能将垃圾拿出去吗？take [sth] out in [sth], take out [sth] in [sth] v expr US, informal (accept in lieu of payment)接受…作为抵押；收受…为补偿The liquor-store owner didn't have the money he owed, so they took it out in whiskey.酒铺老板并没有偿还欠款的钱，所以他们接受威士忌作为抵押。take [sth] out on [sb/sth] v expr informal (inflict bad mood on [sb])对…出气；拿…当出气筒Don't take your anger out on your sister; she had nothing to do with it.take it out on [sb/sth] v expr informal (inflict bad mood on [sb])拿…出气Don't take it out on me just because you've had a bad day.take pains to do [sth] v expr (do [sth] very diligently or attentively)努力做某事；勤奋做某事take part in [sth] v expr (join in)参加；参与She was angry and did not take part in the festivities.她很生气，没有参加节日庆典。take [sth] personally vtr + adv (take to heart)针对个人；往心里去地；在意地I really do have to go now. Please don't take it personally.我现在真的得走了。请不要太往心里去。take possession of [sth] v expr (receive, acquire)得到；占据；占有After months of negotiation, they finally took possession of the house.take precedence over [sth/sb] v expr (have priority over [sth/sb])优先于...；比...重要take pride in [sth] v expr (be proud)以…为傲；为…而自豪Canadians take pride in their national hockey team.take pride in [sth] v expr (be conscientious)以…为傲；为…而自豪She takes a lot of pride in her appearance - her clothes are always impeccable.take refuge in [sth] vtr (enter for shelter or protection)在...避难I took refuge in a cave during the thunderstorm.take refuge in, take refuge in [sth], find refuge in, find refuge in [sth] v expr figurative (be comforted by)求助于；以...为借口He took refuge in the fact that his colleagues had all found the project difficult.take [sth] seriously vtr + adv (be genuinely concerned by)重视The government doesn't seem to be taking global warming seriously.take [sth/sb] seriously vtr + adv (not interpret as a joke)严肃对待；把…当真Ruby took the man's threat seriously, and reported it to the police.take [sth] slowly v expr (not rush [sth], do [sth] carefully)慢慢来；谨慎行事take steps to do [sth] v expr (act)采取行动；采取措施The government should take steps to eliminate poverty.take stock of [sth] v expr figurative (appraise or evaluate [sth])评估；估计As he approached 40, Bill began to take stock of his life.快到40岁了，比尔开始评价自己的人生。take the edge off [sth] v expr (feeling: make less intense)化解...的感觉；纾解...的情绪take the edge off [sth] v expr (performance: make less outstanding)让...黯然失色take the lead on [sth] v expr (take the initiative on)首先...；带头...take the liberty of doing [sth] v expr (do [sth] without permission)冒昧；擅自May I take the liberty of calling you Marta? You weren't here when the waiter came so I took the liberty of ordering for you.take the lid off [sth], blow the lid off [sth] v expr figurative, informal (reveal [sth] previously secret)揭露；揭晓take the mickey, take the mickey out of [sb/sth] v expr UK, slang (mock)取笑某人，拿...开玩笑take the opportunity to do [sth] v expr (use your chance to do [sth])抓住机会做某事；趁此机会做某事What a lovely day; I'm going to take the opportunity to sit out in the garden while it's sunny.take the piss out of [sb/sth] v expr UK, vulgar, figurative, slang (mock)嘲笑某人或某事take the risk of doing [sth] v expr (do [sth] despite danger)冒险去...；冒险做...Do you think it's wise to take the risk of starting a business in the current economic climate?take the shape of [sth] v expr (assume the form of)呈…形状；以某种形式出现take the time to do [sth] expr (use extra effort to do favor)花时间做…；不着急做…Leila's kind teacher took the time to explain long division to her after class.take the wraps off [sth] v expr figurative, informal (reveal: [sth] secret)揭开…的神秘面纱take time to do [sth], take the time to do [sth] v expr (make the commitment or effort)花时间去，努力去I'm going to slow down and take time to understand my children better.我需要慢下来，花点时间更好地了解我的孩子们。take [sth] to heart v expr (take seriously, be upset by)放在心上；介意；耿耿于怀Jack made a joke about Sarah's hair, but she took it to heart and got upset.take [sth] to heart v expr (apply to oneself)放在心上；介意；耿耿于怀She took all the advice to heart, and tried to be a better person.take [sth] to pieces v expr (disassemble)拆, 拆散Jim took the computer to pieces before anyone could stop him.take [sth] to pieces v expr figurative (idea: analyze and criticize)剖析John felt like bawling when everybody took his essay to pieces in his writing class.take [sb] to task for [sth], bring [sb] to task for [sth] v expr (reprimand [sb] for [sth])因...而训斥...The coach took them to task for their poor performance.take [sb] to task for doing [sth], bring [sb] to task for doing [sth] v expr (reprimand [sb] for doing [sth])因...做了...而训斥take [sth] up, take up [sth] vtr + adv (raise: hem, etc.) (下摆等)调高If the skirt is too long, I can take it up for you.如果裙摆太长，我可以帮你调高。take [sb] up on [sth] v expr (accept offer of)接受你关于…的提议You'll do the work for just £20? Great - I'll take you up on that offer!只要20英镑，你就愿意做这份工作？太好了，我接受你的提议！take [sth] upon yourself v expr (independently decide to do [sth])自作主张...；自己决定...Jessica took it upon herself to write the boss a birthday card on behalf of everyone in the office.take [sth] with a grain of salt (US), take [sth] with a pinch of salt (UK) v expr figurative (be slightly skeptical)半信半疑；不完全相信Steven's known to exaggerate: I'd take anything he says with a grain of salt.take your pick of [sth/sb] v expr (choose any one of [sth] you like)从...随便挑；在...中任选Nick has done so well at university; he'll be able to take his pick of jobs.taken with [sb/sth] adj + prep (like, be fond of)喜欢He was very taken with her after the dinner party.talc [sth] vtr informal, abbreviation (apply talcum powder to) (talcum的缩写形式)将滑石粉涂在…上Ian talced his feet before bed.talk about [sth/sb] vi + prep (discuss)讨论；谈论We talked about the film we had just seen.我们就刚看过的电影进行了讨论。talk around [sth] vi + prep (subject: discuss indirectly)拐弯抹角地说；隐晦曲折地说；委婉地说You need to stop talking around the problem and tell your wife exactly what it is that's troubling you.talk [sb] down from [sth] v expr figurative (dissuade from)说服The King's advisors tried to talk him down from his anger.国王的顾问们试图说服他平息怒火。talk [sb] into [sth] v expr (persuade)说服某人做某事；劝服某人接受某事Can I talk you into a coffee?我能说服你喝杯咖啡吗？talk [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (persuade to do [sth])说服某人做某事；劝服某人做某事She talked him into going to the cinema that night.她说服他那天晚上去电影院看电影。talk [sb] out of [sth] v expr (dissuade)劝服某人；劝某人回心转意talk [sb] out of doing [sth] v expr (dissuade from doing [sth])劝服某人不做某事I'm trying to talk her out of leaving school at 16.a tally of [sth] n (record, count of [sth])记录；计数It was my job to keep a tally of all the tickets we sold.我的工作就是对每一笔出票进行记录。tally [sth] vtr (count)数，统计；计算；核点Edward tallied the votes.爱德华统计了票数。tally with [sth] vi + prep figurative (be consistent with [sth])与…吻合；与…相符That tallies with what I have in the account.那与我证词内容吻合。tally [sth] vtr (record, keep track of)记录；记帐Nina tallied the ticket sales.妮娜对门票的销售情况进行了记录。tambour [sth] vtr (embroider) (在绷圈上)刺绣tame [sth] vtr (domesticate: an animal)驯化；驯服Lisa is trying to tame the fox that comes into her garden.丽莎想驯服经常光顾她花园的那只狐狸。tame [sth] vtr figurative (control: emotions) (情绪)抑制, 压制Finally Rachel managed to tame her anger and be civil to her mother-in-law.瑞秋终于控制住了自己的怒火，以平和的态度对待婆婆。tamp [sth] vtr (pat down)轻拍压实；把…拍打坚实I watched as my grandfather tamped the tobacco in his pipe and lit it.tamp [sth] vtr (pack with earth after inserting charge)填塞紧实The demolition crew tamped the charges and prepared for the blast.tamper with [sth] vi + prep (alter or damage)胡乱摆弄Don't tamper with the anti-theft device.别胡乱摆弄防盗装置。tamper with [sth] vi + prep (make unauthorized changes)篡改；擅自改动The project manager reminded everyone not to tamper with the database.项目经理提醒大家不得擅自改动数据库。tamper with [sth] vi + prep (interfere with: evidence, jury)破坏（证据）；对…进行不正当的干预Somebody had tampered with the evidence and it could no longer be used.有人破坏了证据，不能再采用了。tan [sth] vtr (animal hide: turn into leather)鞣革；硝皮Tom tanned the cowhide.tang of [sth] n (strong taste of)强烈的味道The cheesecake has a surprising tang of lemon.tang of [sth] n (strong smell of)强烈的气味Standing on the beach, Jenna inhaled and smelt the tang of the sea.tangent to [sth] adj + prep (line: touching a curve) (线)相切Line B is tangent to Line A.tangle [sth] vtr (weave together)使…缠结；使…缠绕tangle [sth/sb] in [sth] vtr + prep often passive (trap, ensnare)使…陷入；使…卷入Freya is always tangling me in her schemes and I'm the one who gets in trouble!tangled up in [sth] adj + prep figurative, informal (implicated)陷在...中；被卷入...The principal is tangled up in a dispute with the teachers.tank [sth] vtr US, slang (sport: lose deliberately) (比赛)有意输掉The player tanked the game.tannoy [sth], Tannoy [sth] vtr UK, ® (public address system)用扩音系统播报The announcer tannoyed that the train was delayed.be tantamount to [sth] v expr (be equivalent to)相当于；等同于The new law is tantamount to state-sponsored murder.tap [sth] vtr (rap with fingers) (用手指)轻轻叩击Jessica tapped the door before going in.进门之前，洁西卡轻轻叩击了门。tap [sth/sb] vtr (poke, pat)轻敲；轻叩；轻拍；轻击Harry went up to Catherine and tapped her on the shoulder.哈利赶上凯瑟琳，轻轻拍了一下她的肩膀。tap [sth] vtr (touch smart screen)轻敲；轻点Beth tapped the icon for the app she wanted to open on her phone screen.贝丝点击手机屏幕上的应用图标，打开了应用。tap [sth] vtr (type: on keyboard) (在键盘上)轻敲The secretary was tapping the keys.秘书在敲打着键盘。tap [sth] vtr (music: mark beats with foot, etc.) (随着音乐)有节奏地轻敲，打拍子The music started and soon everyone was tapping their feet.音乐响起，每个人都用脚轻轻地打拍子。tap [sth] vtr figurative (make use of)开发；利用The manager wanted to tap his team's potential.tap [sth] vtr (pierce to draw out sap) (树)割出切口导出液体The tree surgeon tapped the trunk of the big maple.tap [sth] vtr (draw liquid by opening faucet) (打开旋塞)放出The Smith family tap their water from a natural spring.tap [sth] vtr (cut screw threads)在…里面攻出螺纹Julie tapped a piece of metal to make a nut.tap [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep slang (money: borrow from) (尤指钱)向…索要, 借The teenager tapped her mother for £20.tap [sth/sb] vtr informal, abbreviation (wiretap, bug)搭线窃听；给...装窃听器Adrian suspected someone was tapping his calls.tap [sth] vtr (resource: exploit) (资源)开发，开发利用The mine owner was pleased to hear the workers were tapping a new vein.矿主很高兴能听到矿工们正在开发新的矿脉。tape [sth] vtr (fix with adhesive tape)用胶布粘住Nina taped the hole in her jeans, as a temporary repair.妮娜用胶布粘住牛仔裤上的破洞，作为临时的修补手段。tape [sth] vtr (record)录下The journalist taped his interview with the film star.记者将对该电影明星的采访录了下来。tape [sth] vtr (record for broadcast) (用于公开播放)录制The radio station taped the show, ready for broadcast a few days later.广播电台提前将节目录制下来，准备几天后播放。tape [sth] on [sth], tape [sth] onto [sth] vtr + prep (attach with sticky tape)用胶带粘紧I need you to tape the poster on the wall.tape [sth] on vtr + prep (attach with sticky tape)用胶带把...粘紧tape-record [sb/sth] vtr (audio)用录音带录音taper [sth] vtr (cause to narrow)使一头逐渐变细；使…逐渐变窄The dressmaker tapered the bodice of the dress, so it fitted snugly around the waist.taper [sth] vtr (reduce gradually)使…逐渐减少；使…逐渐缩小The doctor reassured Jean that it was safe to taper the dose of her medication.tar [sth] vtr (add tar to)涂抹沥青于；用柏油铺The workers tarred the road.tar [sb] with the same brush, tar [sb] with the same brush as [sb/sth] v expr (attribute same faults to)一竿子打翻一船人；认为某人（与其他人）是一丘之貉I know he's an awful person, but don't tar me with the same brush just because he's my brother!target [sth] vtr (direct)把…对准；为…指引目标She targeted her energies towards finishing the project.她把精力投入到完成这个项目中。target [sth/sb] vtr (single out, aim at)瞄准；把…当目标They targeted the teen market with the new product.targeted for [sth] expr (singled out for: blame, abuse)以...作为某事目标；专挑...做某事The singer is often targeted by trolls on social media for her political views.tariff [sth] vtr (tax, charge)对…征收关税；定…的关税率This country tariffs imports of certain goods.Tarmac [sth], tarmac [sth] vtr UK, ® (cover in tarmac)用碎石沥青来铺盖（某物表面）The road is going to be tarmacked tomorrow.；tarnish [sth] vtr figurative (reputation: stain) (名声)受损, 蒙垢, 受辱Allegations of sexual misconduct tarnished his reputation.tarnish [sth] vtr (metal: discolour, dull) (金属)使失去色彩, 使黯淡下去Weather has tarnished the church's copper spire.task [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (assign a task to)给…分配（任务）The lawyer tasked his assistant with the paperwork.那个律师给助手分配了文书工作。task [sb] with doing [sth] v expr (assign a task to)派任务给He was tasked with loading the data onto the computer system.他被派给了将数据载入计算机系统的任务。taste, taste of [sth] n (sample of food or drink)品尝；尝Would you like a taste of this wine?你要尝尝这酒吗？taste, taste of [sth] n (small sample of: food, drink) (餐饮)…的味道One taste of Tim's cooking was enough for me; I made an excuse and left.She took a taste of the soup then added more salt.尝了一口提姆做的菜的味道，对我来说这就足够了，之后，我找了个借口离场了。// 她尝了一口汤的味道，然后往里面又加了些盐。taste [sth] vtr (detect the flavor of)尝到，尝出，尝到…的滋味I tasted a little cinnamon in the pasta.我在那意面中尝出一点肉桂的味道。taste for [sth] n (liking for)对…的喜爱，对…嗜好Since he moved to Italy, George has acquired a taste for expensive suits.自从乔治搬去意大利，他就染上了对昂贵西服的嗜好。taste of [sth] vi + prep (have the same flavor as)有…的味道This cake tastes of bananas.这蛋糕尝起来有香蕉的味道。taste [sth] vtr (sample: food or drink)品尝；尝Would you like to taste my pasta?你要尝尝我的意大利面吗？taste [sth] vtr figurative (experience: [sth])稍微体验一下；略略感受一下I would love to taste just a little of her lifestyle.taste [sth] vtr (eat in small quantities)尝了一点；稍微吃一点I didn't eat anything at the party, just tasted a few things.taste, taste of [sth] n figurative (brief or trial experience of)…的短暂经历，…的尝试I've already had a taste of your humour – you're not as funny as you think.我已经对你的幽默有过短暂的经历了，你并非自己想的那么有趣。tatter [sth] vtr (wear out)穿破；破损The little girl tattered her doll by playing with it so often.tattoo [sb/sth] vtr (give a tattoo) (在人身上刺花纹)刺青；纹身This tattoo artist tattoos an average of six people every day.tauten [sth] vtr (make taut)拉紧；绷紧taw [sth] vtr (turn animal skin into white leather)鞣制taw [sb/sth] vtr archaic (flog)鞭打tax [sth] vtr (apply duty, levy to)对…征税；对…课税The government doesn't tax books or newspapers.政府不征收书籍和报纸的税。tax [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep (charge)指责He was taxed with neglecting his duties.tax [sb/sth] vtr (demand mental power of)消耗精力；费脑力These puzzles really tax my brain.taxi [sb], taxi [sb] to [sth] vtr (convey by car)用车送...；用车将…送到…Ellen taxied her friend across town so he could catch his train.The teenager's father was fed up with taxiing his daughter to all her friends' parties.teach [sth] vtr (give instruction in)教；教授Brian wants to teach physics.布莱恩想教物理。teach [sb] [sth] vtr (give instruction to [sb] in)教某人...Ben teaches high school kids French and Spanish.本教高中生法语和西班牙语。teach [sb] to do [sth], teach [sb] how to do [sth] v expr (instruct in technique)教某人做某事Dave is teaching his teenage daughter to drive a car.Who taught you how to skate?戴夫正在教他十几岁的女儿开车。是谁教你溜冰的？teach [sb] about [sth] vtr + prep (give knowledge of)教会某人...的知识；让某人了解某事The clinic teaches people about health issues.Sonoko taught me about Japanese food and culture.诊所教会大家关于健康问题的知识。teach [sb] the basics of [sth] v expr (give [sb] elementary lessons in a subject)教某人基础课程We decided to teach them the basics of English.teacup of [sth] n (measurement: teacupful)一茶杯的量Mix two teacups of yogurt into the cake batter.team [sth] vtr (animals: join in a team) (牲畜)将...放入一组The farmer teamed two mules to pull the plow.tear [sth] vtr (rend, rip)撕碎；撕开Julian grabbed the photo and tore it.Blast! I've torn my new jeans.tear [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (rend, rip from)从...撕裂；从...撕破；从...撕下He tore the page from the book.他从书本上撕下一张纸来。tear [sth] vtr (damage: ligament) (身体)拉伤；撕裂She's torn her knee, and won't be able to play.tear [sth] vtr (rip: clothing) (衣服)扯破, 撕坏He tore his shorts climbing a tree.tear [sth] vtr (pull up)扯起；揪起She tore the weeds from the ground.tear [sth] vtr (wrench)扭；拧；撕He tore a leg from the chicken and started eating.tear [sth] vtr figurative (divide)撕裂, 分裂The country was torn in two by the issue.tear [sth/sb] asunder, rend [sth/sb] asunder vtr + adv literary (split, separate)撕碎Unfaithfulness tore the couple asunder.tear [sb] away from [sth] v expr informal, figurative (remove from)将...带离...；将...从...拽走tear away from [sth] v expr (leave hurriedly)匆忙离开She was angry, so she tore away from the house.tear into [sth] vi + prep (open package)撕开...的包装The children rushed to the pile of presents beneath the tree and began tearing into them.tear into [sth] vi + prep (rip apart: with nails, claws)撕裂某物tear [sth] to pieces v expr (rip apart)撕碎, 撕成碎片He was so angry when he read the letter he tore it to pieces.tear [sth] to shreds, rip [sth] to shreds v expr informal (fabric, paper: rip to pieces)撕碎, 撕成碎片The dog's torn my pillow to shreds.The lion tore his prey to shreds.tease [sth] vtr (comb: hair)梳头发She teased her hair into a beehive style for the party.她梳了个蜂窝头去参加派对。tease [sth] apart vtr + adv (separate gently)梳理teasel [sth], teazel [sth], teazle [sth] vtr (nap: fabric)使...起绒teaser for [sth] n (advertisement, preview) (电视、电影)预告片, 预告节目They've been showing a provocative teaser for tomorrow's episode.他们为明天的剧集播放了非常让人好奇的预告。teaspoon of [sth] n (liquid measure: 5ml) (液体量度：五毫升)一茶匙The recipe calls for two teaspoons of vanilla.ted [sth] vtr (grass, hay: spread to dry)摊晒...；翻晒...tee [sth] vtr (position: a golf ball) (高尔夫球的)球座Scott was teeing the ball when he heard a shout from across the golf course.teem with [sth] vi + prep (be full of)充满；充斥着The North Atlantic once teemed with cod.On Christmas Eve, the shopping mall was teeming with shoppers.telecast [sth] vtr (broadcast: a TV programme)电视广播；电视播送One of the major networks is going to telecast the race live.telegraph [sth] vtr (send by telegraph)通过电报发送The lieutenant hurriedly telegraphed a distress message.telegraph [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (send by telegraph)发电报；发报In the 19th century, it became possible to telegraph messages to people across the Atlantic Ocean.telephone [sth] vtr (send by telephone)通过电话传送；致电告知She telephoned the price data instead of sending it by mail.telescope [sth] vtr (retract, draw in)使缩回；使缩进The man telescoped his collapsible cane.telescope [sth] vtr figurative (compress)使缩短, 使叠缩The impact of the truck telescoped the car.televise [sth] vtr (broadcast on TV)电视播送；电视播映；电视播出At the request of fans, the boxing match was televised.tell [sb] [sth] vtr (inform, convey)告诉；告知Tell me what he said. I finally told her what happened.告诉我他说了什么？我最终告诉了她发生了什么事。tell [sb] [sth] vtr (reveal, divulge)向某人泄露某事；向某人透露某事We told them our secret.我们向他们透露了自己的秘密。tell [sb] [sth] vtr (recount: a story) (故事)讲，讲述Daddy, can you tell me a story?爸爸，你能给我讲个故事吗？tell [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (recount [sth] to [sb])向…讲述He told the story to his daughter.他向女儿讲述了那个故事。tell [sb] to do [sth] v expr (command, order)让某人做某事；嘱咐某人做某事；命令某人做某事He told her to clean her room.tell [sth] vtr (distinguish)辨别；区分Can you tell the difference between these two colours? I can't tell that one from this one.tell [sth] vtr (identify)认出；识别出Can you tell who it is?tell [sth] vtr (realize)认识到；意识到It's hard to tell who it is in this light.tell of [sth] vi + prep literary (recount)描述；叙述；讲述The ancient legend tells of a princess who slayed a dragon.有个古老的传说中讲到，一位公主杀死了恶龙。tell about [sth] vi + prep (give information about)说明；说到tell how to do [sth] vtr (describe the manner in which)告知如何If you'll tell me how to bake a pie, I'll bake you one tomorrow.temper [sth] vtr often passive (moderate, mitigate)缓和，使…变得温和George's boss tempered her negative appraisal with a few positive comments. Karen's attraction to Brian was tempered by her knowledge of his criminal past.乔治的老板添加了几条正面评价来缓和她所作的负面评估。凯伦了解到布莱恩过去的犯罪经历后，就对他没那么来电了。temper [sth] vtr (iron, steel: strengthen) (冶金)使...回火The blacksmith tempered the steel, making sure it was strong enough to withstand many years of use.tempt [sb] to do [sth] v expr (entice to do)吸引某人做某事；使某人有兴趣做某事Wendy's stories of her travels through India tempted Karen to go there herself.温蒂印度之旅的故事吸引着卡伦，让她也想亲自去一次。tens of [sth] adj (thousands, millions: times ten) (千、百万)…的十倍When the company folded, tens of thousands of factory workers lost their jobs.公司倒闭后，成千上万的工厂工人失业了。tend to do [sth] v expr (be inclined)倾向于；有...的倾向Julia tends to get upset if anyone makes the slightest criticism of her work.自己的工作稍微遇到一点点批评，洁西卡就有发怒的倾向。tend to do [sth] v expr (is, does often)往往会；经常I tend to do my homework before I eat dinner.我经常会在晚餐前做家庭作业。tend to [sth] vi + prep (attend to)照管；处理Harriet went into the office to tend to some business.哈里特到办公室去处理一些事务。tend [sth] vtr (care for)照顾某物；照料某物The shepherd tends his flocks.那名牧羊人照料羊群。tend toward [sth], tend towards [sth] vi + prep (be disposed, inclined to)倾向于Certain writers tend towards exaggeration.tender [sth] vtr formal (offer)提交, 提呈The young man tendered his thanks for the kindness the family had shown him.Olivia had had enough of her job and tendered her resignation.tender for [sth] vi + prep (bid for a contract)投标；竞标There are several firms tendering for this contract.有好几家公司都在为这份合约竞标。tenderize [sth], also UK: tenderise [sth] vtr (meat: soften)使变嫩；使嫩化tenon [sth] vtr (fit with a tenon)用凸榫连接；用凸榫接合tense [sth] vtr (clench: muscle, body part) (肌肉等)使绷紧，使紧张Robert tensed his leg muscles, ready to run.罗伯特绷紧自己腿部的肌肉，准备好去跑步。tenter [sth] vtr (stretch on a frame)将…张在张布架上term [sth] vtr (express)称…为It all depends on how you want to term it; is it cheap or is it inexpensive?；terminate [sth] vtr (end)终结；使终止The boss decided Tom wasn't suitable for the job and terminated his contract.terminate [sth] vtr (electrical wiring) (电线架线、布线)收尾, 安装完毕The electrician terminated the cable.terminate [sth] vtr (pregnancy: end)终止妊娠After speaking with the doctor, the couple decided to terminate the pregnancy.terrace [sth] vtr (land: cut into steps)在…上筑梯田The gardener terraced the sloping land to make it easier to cultivate.terraform [sth] vtr (planet: make planet)地球化terrified of [sth] adj + prep (very frightened of)对…感到恐惧；害怕；惧怕I am terrified of spiders.我十分惧怕蜘蛛。terrorize [sb/sth], also UK: terrorise [sb/sth] vtr (frighten)使害怕；使惊吓；使...恐惧Billy thought it was funny to terrorize his younger sister.tessellate [sth], tesselate [sth] vtr (put together like a mosaic)把…嵌成花纹；用…铺设成图案The artist makes mosaics by tessellating unusually shaped tiles.test [sth] vtr (check performance) (性能)测；测验；测试The sensors will test the strength of the fibres.探测器会测出各种纤维的强度。test [sb], test [sb] for [sth] vtr (perform medical check) (医疗)检测，因为…而对…进行化验The doctor tested Mark for TB.医生检测马克是否患上了结核病。test [sb], test [sb] on [sth] vtr (check knowledge)对…进行…方面的测试；考查…对于…方面的知识The teacher tested the students on what they had learnt that term.老师对学生们进行了当期所学知识方面的测试。test [sth] vtr (try out)测试；检测I want to test the program today to see if it works.我今天想测测这个程序，看它是否能用。test [sth], test [sth] for [sth] vtr (analyse)检验；化验Neil is having his urine tested for various disorders.他正在做尿检，看有哪些异常。test [sth] vtr (put under strain)考验The long wait tested Jessica's patience. The realisation that the project was more difficult than he had thought tested Tim's resolve.漫长的等候考验着杰西卡的耐心。意识到这个项目比想象中的要困难许多，这考验着提姆的决心。test positive for [sth] v expr (have positive result for a condition)...检测呈阳性testimony to [sth] n uncountable (proof, evidence)证据；证明Her high marks are testimony to her improved attitude this term.tether [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (fasten, attach)将…拴在…上You can tether your horse to that railing.你可以把马拴在那个栏杆上。thank [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep (express gratitude)表示感谢；道谢；谢谢Charlene thanked Scott for the flowers.Mike thanked Jane for helping him with his maths homework.查琳感谢斯科特送花给她。// 麦克感谢简帮他完成数学作业。thank [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep ironic (blame)责备, 责怪Who do we have to thank for this mess?Thank you for doing [sth] interj (gratitude for [sth] done) (感叹词)因为做…谢谢你Thank you for helping me with my homework.谢谢你帮助我完成作业。thankful for [sth] adj + prep (grateful for)感激；感谢；对…表示感激Rachel was thankful for all the good things in her life.蕾切尔十分感激她人生中的所有美好事物。thankful to [sb/sth] adj + prep (grateful to)感激；感谢I am thankful to my parents for everything they have done for me.我感谢父母为我做的一切。thanks to [sb/sth] prep (with the help of)在…的帮助下；多亏了Thanks to my good friend Ellen, I got to the airport on time.Thanks to the heavy curtains on my windows, I'm able to sleep even when the sun's shining.多亏了我的好朋友艾伦，我才能准时到达机场。 // 多亏了窗户前厚重的窗帘，即使外面阳光明媚，我也能安然入睡。thatch [sth] vtr (roof: cover with straw, etc.)用茅草或稻草等覆盖屋顶The men worked to thatch the roof before the storm.这个人要在风暴前用茅草盖好屋顶。thaw [sth] vtr (defrost, melt)解冻, 使…化冻I survived in the forest by thawing snow over a fire.Bob took the soup out of the freezer and thawed it in the microwave.我用火把雪融化才在森林里活下来。//鲍勃把汤从冷冻室拿出来，放在微波炉里解冻。the best part of [sth] n (best section of [sth])...最精彩的部分The best part of the film was the final scene.the best part of [sth] n (most)大部分；绝大部分It took us the best part of the morning to finish the job.the best thing about [sth/sb] n (greatest feature)最好的一点the day after [sth] expr (on the day following: an event)...的第二天They went on honeymoon the day after the wedding.the last word in [sth] n figurative (ultimate, most fashionable)时尚最前沿You can always find the last word in haute couture in Paris.the same holds for [sth/sb] expr (this is also true of)对...也适用The time is ripe for [sth] expr (it is the right moment for [sth])做某事的时机已经成熟The time is ripe for change.There is more to [sth] than meets the eye expr (This is not what it seems)比表面看到的要复杂；并非表面所见那么简单It seems like he's vanished into thin air, but that's impossible. There's more to this situation than meets the eye.there is no point in doing [sth] expr (it wouldn't be worthwhile to)毫无意义；没有任何意义there's no accounting for [sth] expr ([sth] can't be explained)无法解释；说不通Kevin has been odd lately; there's no accounting for his behaviour.thermostat [sth] vtr (fit with a thermostat)用温控器调节thermostat [sth] vtr (control with a thermostat)用温控器控制thick with [sth] adj + prep (full of)充满的；布满的The woods were thick with bushes.thicken [sth] vtr (make thicker)使变厚；使变浓；使变密Thicken the sauce with flour.thin [sth] vtr (make thin)使变稀, 使变稀薄The soup is too thick. It needs to be thinned a little.thin [sth] vtr (plants: space out)散开；分散You need to thin those carrot seedlings.thin [sth] out vtr + adv (make fewer)使...稀疏；使...稀薄The gardener thinned out the seedlings.think [sth] vtr (hold an opinion)以为；认为；觉得Perhaps this painting would look better on that wall; what do you think?或许那面墙上挂这幅画要更好看点，你觉得呢？think about [sth] vi + prep (consider)思考；思索；反省I don't know at the moment; I need to think about it again.现在我还不知道；我需要再想想。think about [sth/sb], think of [sth/sb] vi + prep (be preoccupied)想着He was saddened, and thought about her situation all the time.他心绪黯然，一直想着她的处境。think of doing [sth] v expr (consider: doing [sth])考虑做We're thinking of going to that new Italian restaurant tonight.我们正在考虑今晚去吃吃看那家新开的意大利餐厅。think about doing [sth], think of v expr (consider possibility)想着；考虑；打算Don't even think about asking me to do you any more favours!想都别想让我再帮你任何忙！think of [sth] vi + prep (devise, invent)想出；发明出He thought of a new way to manufacture pencils.他发明出了生产铅笔的新方法。think [sth/sb] ... vtr literary, formal (consider to be)认为；觉得The first time I met Charles, I thought him a vain man.think [sth] + adj vtr (with adjective: regard, consider)认为；以为He thought it right to pay his taxes.他认为纳税是应该的。think of [sth/sb] as [sth] v expr (consider to be)认为；当作；判定I think of him as my friend.我把他当作朋友。think [sth] vtr (remember)想起；记得Can you think what we did last weekend?你还记得上周末我们做了什么吗？think [sth] vtr (expect)预料；期盼What do you think will happen?你预料会怎么样？think of [sth/sb] vi + prep (take into account)考虑到；想到You can't leave me! Think of the children!你不能离开我！想想孩子们！think better of doing [sth] v expr (reconsider doing [sth])重新考虑I thought better of sending my boss an angry email when I remember how much I needed my salary.think highly of [sb/sth] v expr (hold in high regard)对…高度评价；对…评价颇高The boss seems to think highly of you.think little of doing [sth] v expr (disregard)轻视；忽视He is a rich man and thinks little of spending a million on a new car.think little of [sb/sth] v expr (have poor opinion of)仍为...不好think long and hard, think long and hard about [sth] v expr (deliberate at length)深思熟虑think [sth] through, think [sth] out vtr + adv (consider fully)仔细思考；彻底地想清楚；深思熟虑；三思Juliet had to think through Romeo's wedding proposal.I need to think it through before making a decision.think twice about [sth] v expr (reconsider [sth])三思；仔细考虑Think twice about the personal information you share online.think twice about doing [sth], think twice before doing [sth], think twice before you do [sth] v expr (reconsider prior to doing [sth])三思而后行You should think twice about giving up a steady job to start a PhD.I'd advise you to think twice before you accept this man's proposal; you've only just met him!thirsty for [sth] adj + prep figurative (desirous of)渴望...的；渴求...的However much work you give Rachel, she's always thirsty for more.不管你交给蕾切尔多少工作，她总是渴望再多干点。thole [sth] vtr archaic or dialect (endure, suffer)遭受；忍受thought to be [sth/sb] expr (believed or considered to be [sth])被认为是；是大家眼中的He was thought to be a good student, until he was caught with drugs.thousands of [sth/sb] adj (amounting to thousands)几千个的…There are thousands of different recipes to make soup.汤有几千种做法。thousands of [sth] adj figurative, informal (very large number)成千上万的；许多的I threw the pigeon a few crumbs and thousands of his friends appeared!我扔了一点面包屑，忽然就飞来了一大群鸽子！thrash [sb] at [sth] vtr + prep figurative, informal (defeat thoroughly)在…上彻底打败某人Audrey thrashed Tania at tennis.thread [sth] vtr (needle: put thread through) (针孔)把线穿过I'll need my glasses to thread this needle.我需要戴上眼镜才能把线穿过这个针孔。thread [sth] vtr (bead: put onto a string)把…串起来The children were threading colorful beads to decorate the classroom.孩子们正把五彩的珠子的串起来装饰教室。thread [sth] onto [sth] vtr + prep (bead: put onto a string) (珠子)把...穿成一串Thread the beads onto the string like this.像这样把珠子串成一串。thread [sth] vtr (cut a thread in: a screw)给…刻上螺纹He threaded the hole so the screw would fit.他给洞里刻上螺纹，好安螺丝。thread [sth] through [sth] vtr + prep (film: feed through) (指胶卷)安装，上；把胶卷装在…，给…装胶卷She threaded the film through the camera.她给相机装了胶卷。thread your way through [sth] v expr figurative (make your way through: crowd, etc.) (在人群中)挤出，冲出We threaded our way through the crowd.a threat to [sth/sb] n (dangerous person)危害...的人The criminal was considered a threat to society.那个罪犯被认为是一个危害社会的人。threaten to do [sth] v expr (to be a menace)可能来临The wall was threatening to fall down at any moment.threaten [sth] vtr (clouds) (云彩)预示…的天气, 预兆The clouds are threatening rain.threaten to do [sth] v expr (speak threats)说威胁的话；恐吓说He's always threatening to fire me.threaten [sth] vtr (portend)预示…即将发生The manager's attitude threatened dire consequences for the company.threatened with [sth] adj + prep (species: endangered) (物种)濒危，濒临…危险The Asiatic lion is threatened with extinction.亚洲狮濒临灭绝。thresh [sth] vtr (grain: separate by thrashing) (谷物)打；给...脱粒The farmers spent the day threshing grain.thrill to [sth], thrill at [sth] vi + prep (be excited by)因...而激动, 因...而兴奋The velodrome was filled with spectators thrilling to the speed of the cyclists.自行车运动员在赛车场中高速骑行，让观众们非常激动。thrive on [sth] vi + prep (grow healthily due to [sth])靠…茁壮成长These plants thrive on sunshine.这些植株靠着阳光茁壮成长。thrive on [sth] vi + prep (flourish, prosper)在…下成长；喜欢…，对…乐此不疲Alison has a lot of work on at the moment, but she thrives on stress.艾莉森眼下有许多工作要做，不过她喜欢这样的压力。throes, throes of [sth] npl (pang, agony)剧痛，痛苦；阵痛The bull was mortally wounded and the throes of death were terrible to watch.Despite her determination to have a natural birth, the new mother found she needed drugs to help her through the throes of labour.in the throes of [sth] expr (painful struggle)痛苦的挣扎in the throes of [sth] expr figurative (in the middle of)正忙于；正处于...之中throng [sth] vtr (crowd into)蜂拥；挤向Shoppers thronged the mall the day after Thanksgiving.throttle [sth] vtr (reduce fuel rate)调节…的油门；使减速The pilot throttled the engine to reduce the plane's speed.be through with [sth] v expr informal (have had enough of [sth])受够了I'm through with these stupid meetings. Bye!我受够了这些愚蠢的会议。再见！be through with doing [sth] v expr informal (had enough of doing [sth])受够了做I'm through with washing windows. I need a more exciting job!be through with [sth] adj + prep informal (have finished doing [sth])完成Can you do this photocopying for me? And when you're through with that, let me know and I'll find you something else to do.你能帮我复印吗？另外，等你完成之后记得告诉我，我会给你布置其他任务的。throw [sth] vtr (propel through the air)扔；掷；投Hurry up and throw the ball!快点扔球！throw [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (hurl for [sb] to catch)把…扔给Steve threw the keys to Janet so that she could unlock the door.史蒂夫把钥匙扔给珍妮特，这样一来她就能把门打开了。throw [sb] [sth] vtr (hurl for [sb] to catch)把…扔给Throw me that towel, would you?能请你把那张毛巾扔给我吗？throw [sth] at [sth/sb] vtr + prep (hurl in the direction of)用…扔Johnny was told off for throwing a book at his brother.约翰尼因为用书扔自己的弟弟而受到责骂。throw [sth/sb] vtr (cause to move violently)猛烈地推The rough seas threw the ship from side to side.throw [sth/sb] into [sth] vtr + prep (cause to be in specific condition)使...陷入某种情况；导致...出现某种状况The process was thrown into disarray when the boss changed his mind.The protesters were thrown into a panic by the arrival of the police.老板改变了主意，流程因此陷入混乱。// 警察的出现让示威人群陷入慌乱之中。throw [sb/sth] vtr (cause to fall)使倒下；使跌倒；使摔倒A collision with another skier threw Steven to the ground.throw [sth] vtr (pottery) (陶瓷)用坯轮车做出...的形状She threw a new vase in her pottery class.throw [sth] vtr (cast dice) (骰子)投，掷He blows on the dice before throwing them.在掷骰子之前，他往骰子上吹了口气。throw [sth] vtr (flip a switch) (开关)按下，扳动She threw the switch and the Christmas tree lit up.她按下开关，圣诞树亮了起来。throw [sth] vtr (host: a party) (聚会等)举行，举办，开We threw a party to celebrate the new house.为了庆祝乔迁之喜，我们举办了一次派对。throw [sb/sth] out of [sth] v expr (eject from) (物)把…扔出…，从…往外扔…； (人)把…扔出…，把…赶出…Train passengers must not throw rubbish out of the window.乘坐火车的乘客不得把垃圾扔出窗外。throw a monkey wrench into [sth] v expr US, figurative, slang (disrupt) (俚语)破坏；打乱；搅扰He was spiteful and enjoyed throwing a monkey wrench into their plans whenever he could.throw [sth] back vtr + adv (return by tossing)扔回去Wally threw me the ball and I threw it back.throw [sth] back in [sb]'s face v expr figurative (charge with past misdeeds)翻某人的旧账I wish you wouldn't throw that incident back in my face every time we have a row!throw [sth] back in [sb]'s face v expr figurative (reject spitefully)带有恶意地拒绝throw cold water on [sth] v expr figurative (be discouraging)对...泼冷水They threw cold water on her plan.throw [sth] down, throw down [sth] vtr + adv (toss downward)丢下；扔下；掷下The tennis player angrily threw down his racquet when he lost the game.throw off the yoke of [sth] v expr figurative (free yourself: from a burden)放下...的沉重负担throw [sth] together vtr + adv informal (assemble hastily)匆忙地拼凑起For dinner Thursday night I just threw some stuff together.My presentation was just thrown together at the last minute.thrum [sth] vtr (tap or rap)轻敲；轻击thrum [sth] vtr (strum: a stringed instrument) (乐器)弹奏；演奏thrust [sth] vtr (push, force)猛推, 搡, 猛挺；硬塞, 插入, 挤进Robert thrust the door with his shoulder and finally succeeded in getting it open.罗伯特用肩膀用力撞门，终于把门打开了。thrust [sth/sb] into [sth] vtr + prep (push into forcefully)将…用力插入；将…强行推入Rose wrote down the phone number and thrust the piece of paper into her bag.With a hard shove, Veronica thrust the intruder into a cupboard and locked the door while she waited for the police to come.萝丝记下电话号码，然后将那页纸用力塞入自己的包。// 维罗妮卡用力一推，将闯入者强行推入了一个壁橱，然后锁紧了门，等待警察到来。thrust through [sth], thrust into [sth] vi + prep (force a passage)强行穿过；挤过The explorers thrust through the dense undergrowth.探险家们强行穿过茂密的灌木丛。thrust [sth] aside, thrust aside [sth] vtr + adv (push [sth] to one side)把...推到一边The angry teenager thrust his plate aside. "I'm not hungry," he said.thrust [sth/sb] aside, thrust aside [sb/sth] vtr + adv figurative (dismiss, reject)否决，忽略The manager thrust all Polly's ideas aside at the meeting.thrust [sth/sb] away vtr + adv (push away)把...推开John tried to put his arm around Janet, but she thrust him away.thrust [sth/sb] out vtr + adv (push forwards, project)推出；伸出Wendy opened the window and thrust her head out to look at the view.thrust [sth/sb] out vtr + adv (eject forcefully)逐出；飞出Because he wasn't wearing a seatbelt, he was thrust out through the windshield in the accident.thumb [sth] vtr (turn pages of)翻动（书页）Lisa thumbed the pages of the book, searching for the quotation she wanted.丽莎翻动着书页，想找她需要的那段话。thumb [sth] vtr (feel with thumb)用拇指摸（指、戳、顶等）Mark thumbed the material, feeling its quality.马克用拇指摸了摸材料，感受材料的质量。thumb through [sth] vi + prep informal (leaf quickly through)快速翻阅I thumbed through the pile of bills, just to see if any were past due.Alice thumbed through a magazine while waiting to be attended to.thumbtack [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep US (attach with a drawing pin)用图钉钉Roger thumbtacked an advertisement for a French tutor to the bulletin board.thump [sth] vtr (hit hard) (对象为物)重击, 用力撞击I accidentally thumped him on the head with my spade.我不小心用铁锹敲到了他的头。thunder [sth] vtr (utter loudly)大声吼出；大声喊出"Where are you going," Jemima's father thundered, as she tried to sneak out.thwack [sth] vtr (hit hard)重敲；重击thwart [sth] vtr (an attack)挫败The guards thwarted an attempt to invade the citadel.卫兵挫败了敌人入侵城堡的企图。thwart [sth] vtr (stop from happening)阻挠，使…不能实现；让…不能得逞Injury thwarted Ian's dreams of becoming a top footballer.受伤让伊恩成为顶级足球运动员的梦想不能实现。tick [sth] vtr UK (put a check mark next to [sth])在…打勾；给…标记号Read through the questions and tick the answers you think are correct.阅读题干，并在你认为正确的答案处打勾。ticket [sth] vtr (label)在…贴标签You should ticket each item that you want to sell.tickle [sb/sth] vtr (act to cause sensation)呵…的痒, 胳肢；使发痒The grass tickled Nina's bare feet as she carried her morning coffee to the table in the garden.妮娜将早上的咖啡端到花园中享用，草地让她的足下发痒。tickle [sth/sb] vtr figurative (amuse, entertain)逗乐；使...发笑Her husband's insistence on planting his onions in perfectly straight lines tickled Lydia.tickle [sth] vtr figurative (arouse, kindle)激起；引起The strange noises coming from the other side of the wall tickled Audrey's curiosity.the tide of [sth] n figurative (current tendency: of opinion, etc.) (比喻)潮流，趋势，倾向The tide of public emotion was changing as more details of the story emerged.随着更多的信息浮出水面，公众情绪的倾向也在改变。tidy [sth] vtr (put in order, make neat)收拾；整理Tidy your room this instant!马上去收拾你的房间！tie [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (attach using string, rope)将...扎在；将...拴在；将...系在He tied the horse to the post.他把马拴在柱上。tie [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (attach using string, rope) (用绳子)固定；绑He tied the package with string.他用绳子将包裹绑好。tie [sth] vtr (make: a knot)把…打结；把…系成结She tied string round the giftbox.她用绳子系住礼盒。tie [sth] vtr (shoelaces: fasten) (鞋带)系The runner tied her shoelaces tightly before starting her jog.慢跑前，她系紧了自己的鞋带。tie [sth] vtr (make the score even) (体育运动)与…打成平局They tied the game with the last score.他们在最后一分时把比赛打成了平局。tie [sth] on [sth], tie [sth] onto [sth] vtr + prep (attach)将...系在；将...戴在My grandma used to tie a piece of string on her finger in order to remember something.我祖母以前为了避免忘事，会在手指上系一根细绳。tie [sth] on, tie on [sth] vtr + adv (attach with string, rope)把…系在绳上，把…绑在绳上；系上，绑上James put the luggage on the roof rack and tied it on securely.詹姆士把行李绑在车顶行李架上，用力拉紧。tie [sth] in [sth] vtr (make a knot in)将...系成...；给...打(结)He tied a knot in his scarf.tie [sth] vtr mainly US (match in sports) (体育比赛中)跟…打成平手，与…得分相同；与...平局The Canadian team tied the French.tie [sb/sth] to [sth] vtr + prep figurative, often passive (connect, link)和…有关系, 和…有关联The politician had to resign because it was discovered that he was tied to the mafia.tie [sb] to [sth/sb] vtr figurative, often passive (restrict)限制, 约束, 束缚He is tied to the job by the golden handcuffs in his contract.tie [sth] vtr (extend sound of: note) (音符)用连接线连接The C is tied over the bar for half a beat.tie [sth] vtr often passive (connect: musical notes) (音乐术语)用连接线连接The quarter note and the eighth note were tied.tie [sth] back vtr + adv (hair: pull back, attach) (头发)往后扎The volleyball player tied back her long hair so it would not get into her eyes during the tournament.tie [sth] back vtr + adv (curtains: pull aside, secure)把... 拉开tie [sth] down vtr + adv (fasten with rope)用绳子将…捆好, 系紧tie [sth] in with [sth] v expr (connect [sth] with [sth])将...与...联系起来；将...与...相连Detectives are trying to tie in the witness accounts and CCTV footage with what they suspect happened.tie [sth] in with [sth], tie in [sth] with [sth] v expr (coordinate timing of) (指安排时间)将...与...相连，让...与...协调The publishers want to tie in the book launch for the famous poet's biography with the centenary of his death.tie into [sth] vtr + prep figurative (fit in with)将...嵌入tie [sth] into [sth] v expr figurative (connect, relate [sth] to [sth])将...与...联系起来；将...和...相连tier [sth] vtr (set in tiers)使层叠；使成递升排列The workmen tiered the audience seating.tighten [sth] vtr (make more snug or secure)使变紧，拧紧，将…拧紧；使绷紧The screw had come loose, so Paul tightened it.螺丝松了，保罗将其拧紧。tighten [sth] vtr figurative (rules, etc.: make stricter)加强对…的管制，使…更严格，收紧Airlines are tightening security measures because of the increased threat of terrorism.由于恐怖主义威胁增大，航空公司正在加强安全措施。；tile [sth] vtr (wall, etc.: cover with tiles)贴地砖于Lisa is going to tile her shower cubicle.丽莎会把自己的淋浴间贴上瓷砖。tile [sth] vtr (roof: cover with tiles) (房顶)用瓦盖，在…上铺瓦In Florence, they tile their roofs with terracotta tiles.佛罗伦萨人用瓦片盖屋顶。tile [sth] vtr (computing: arrange windows) (计算机)平铺显示，并列显示You can tile your windows horizontally or vertically.你可以平铺或垂直排列多个窗口。till [sth] vtr (farming: plough)耕；犁The farmer tilled the soil in the bottom field.tilt [sth] vtr (cause to lean)使微仰The bird tilted its head.鸟微微昂起头。tilt [sth] vtr (camera: move up or down) (摄影机)使…上下直摇The camerawoman tilted the camera to get the right shot.女摄影师上下直摇镜头以拍出满意的照片。time [sth] vtr (sports: measure)计时；记录…所花的时间The coach timed the runner's sprint.教练记录了那名赛跑运动员的冲刺时间。time [sth] vtr (regulate)调准；调整We timed the engine so the spark plugs fire at the right intervals.time-share, timeshare vtr (share property ownership and use)分时享用（度假住房所有权）Mr. Jacobs bought a house at the beach, but he plans to timeshare it in order to save money.timestamp [sth], time-stamp [sth] vtr (mark with time, date)标注时间timetable [sth] vtr (schedule)为…制订时间表；为…制订日程安排The assistant timetabled his boss's trip carefully, so she would be able to fit in everything she needed to do.这名助理谨慎地为老板制订日程安排，以便老板能适时处理所有事宜。tinge [sth] vtr (tint)稍微改变；使带有…气息Age had tinged the edges of the photograph.tinge [sth] [sth] vtr (tint: a color)给…着淡色；微染The acidic solution tinged the litmus paper red.tinge [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (tint with)微染；给…着淡色The sunset tinged the sky with pink.tinged with [sth] adj figurative (having a hint of: sadness, irony, etc.)略带….感情的，略带…色彩的Their day together was tinged with sadness, because they knew they would never see one another again.tinker with [sth] vi + prep (play with [sth])摆弄The man was clearly nervous; he kept tinkering with things on his desk.那个男人明显很紧张，不停地摆弄着书桌上的东西。tinker with [sth] vi + prep (try to fix [sth]) (不熟练或马虎地)修补，修理，摆弄以修理Polly tinkered with the old radio until, finally, she got it working again.波莉摆弄着旧收音机，最后终于将它修好了。tinplate [sth] n (metal coated with tin)镀锡金属；镀锡铁皮tinplate [sth] vtr (coat with tin)镀锡于tint [sth] vtr (colour, dye)给…染色The film was tinted by hand to emphasize the shadows in the images.tip [sth] vtr (incline)使倾斜；使倾侧He tipped the pitcher to fill his glass.他把水罐斜过来，给杯子倒水。tip [sth] vtr UK (dump)倾倒；倾卸She tipped the contents of her bag on the floor and looked for her keys.她把包里的东西一股脑倒在桌子上，寻找钥匙。tip [sth] vtr (volleyball) (排球)轻拨The volleyball player used her knuckles to tip the ball.tip [sb] off to [sth], tip [sb] off about [sth] v expr often passive, informal (inform, warn)暗中向某人透露某事The informant tipped off the police about the planned drugs drop.线人向警方透露了计划的毒品交易。tip [sth] out vtr + adv (empty by upturning)倒出；倒光Tipp-Ex [sth] out, Tipp-Ex out [sth], tippex [sth] out, tippex out [sth] vtr UK, ® (correct with white-out fluid) (商标名)用涂改液修改，用修正液修改备注: Tipp-Ex is a brand name, but, informally, it is often written as one word and not capitalized.tiptoe around [sth] v expr figurative (speak tactfully) (比喻)拐弯抹角地说话No longer wanting to tiptoe around the topic, his boss came right out and fired him.tire of [sth/sb] vi + prep (lose interest in)厌倦At first, Rose was very enthusiastic about the course, but she tired of it when she realised how much work she had to do.罗斯起初对这门课兴趣十足，但在意识到要付出多大努力时，就厌倦了。be tired of [sth/sb] v expr (have had enough of)对…厌倦；受够了I'm tired of his constant complaining.I'm tired of seeing hyphens used incorrectly.get tired of [sth/sb] v expr (start to be weary of)对...倦怠了；厌烦了...；做...累了The teacher was getting tired of having to tell her students to stop chatting.titan of [sth] n figurative (major figure)巨物；巨大事物Although he lives in a modest house, Peter is actually a titan of the wine-making industry.tithe [sth] vtr (give tenth of income to charity, church)将工资的十分之一捐给教会或慈善机构；缴纳捐款My uncle tithes his salary to the Pentecostal church.titivate [sth/sb], tittivate [sth/sb] vtr (prettify)打扮；装扮title [sb] [sth] vtr (confer a title on)授予…头衔，给…冠上…头衔They titled her, "The Queen of Jazz".他们给她冠上“爵士女王”的头衔。title [sth] [sth] vtr (name)给…加标题；将…题为He titled his book, "The American Dream".他把他的书题为《美国之梦》。titrate [sth] vtr (chemistry: measure volume)用滴定法测量The nurse titrated the patient's dose and administered it with an IV.be to blame for [sth] v expr (be responsible, guilty for)因...承担责任；...错在Your mother is to blame for this whole situation.to end all [sth] expr (be superlative example)超过；超越It was the war to end all wars.can't do [sth] to save your life expr (extremely bad at [sth])非常不擅长；在...方面极为差劲Heather couldn't bake a cake to save her life.to the detriment of [sth/sb] prep (causing harm, damage)严重伤害；严重损害to the heart of [sth] adv (to the centre, middle of [sth])指向…的实质（核心）The explorers made their way to the heart of the jungle.to the heart of [sth] adv figurative (to the crux of [sth])指向…的实质（核心）He wasted no time in getting to the heart of the problem.toast [sth] vtr (bread: grill)烤；烘Can I toast this bread or should I save it?我可以烤了这块面包还是说应该留着？toast [sb/sth] vtr (honor with drink)给…敬酒；向…祝酒Let's toast the chairman.我们去给主席敬酒。toast [sth] vtr figurative (warm: a body part)暖和；为...取暖We sat down by the fire to toast our freezing fingers.the toast of [sth] n figurative (hero, celebrated person)英雄；明星After he saved the kittens from the fire, Mike became the toast of the town.toe [sth] vtr (kick with the toe)用脚趾踢Jessica toed the ball across the grass.toe [sth] vtr (touch with the toe)用脚趾触碰The runners stood in a row, toeing the start line.tog [sb] up in [sth] v expr informal (dress, clothe) (非正式用语)让某人穿上together with [sth] adv + prep (combined with)与…一起，搭配着；连同Tomatoes together with chilis are what give this sauce its flavor.西红柿搭配辣椒赋予了这种酱汁的风味。toggle [sth] vtr (switch between 2 positions)转换；切换Ian toggled the switch and the light came on.toggle between [sth] vi + prep (computing: switch views, programs, etc.) (计算机程序、视图等)在…之间切换Tania toggles between tabs, trying to track down the perfect translation.Audrey toggled between the spreadsheet and the word processing document.toil up [sth] vi + prep (struggle up slope)艰难地往…上爬；艰难地爬上The hikers toiled up the hill.徒步者们艰难地往山上爬。tolerant of [sth/sb] adj (liberal, accepting of) (制度等)宽松的, 不苛刻的The standards here are tolerant of casual dress.tolerate [sth] vtr (allow, permit)允许；准许The school will not tolerate girls wearing mini skirts.tolerate [sth] vtr (put up with, accept)忍耐；接受；容忍You'll have to tolerate my coughing for a little while longer.toll [sth] vtr (ring slowly)敲；敲响The vicar climbed the steps into the tower and began tolling the bell.教堂牧师爬上阶梯进入高塔，然后开始敲钟。ton of [sth/sb] n figurative, informal (large quantity)很多；大量I have a ton of work to do this week.我这周有许多工作。tone [sth] vtr (fitness) (通过锻炼等)使结实；使紧实She does sit-ups to tone her stomach muscles.tong [sth] vtr (seize with tongs)用钳子钳起My dad tonged the logs in the fire and it began to blaze again.tong [sth] vtr (curl hair with tongs) (头发)用烫发钳烫My mom is helping me tong my hair to get ready for the prom tonight.tongue [sth] vtr (touch with the tongue)用舌头舔；用舌头触碰After the fight, the young man tongued his teeth, making sure they were all still there.打架后，年轻人用舌头碰了碰牙齿，确保它们都还在。too much, too much [sth], too much of [sth] adj (an excess of)过多的Too much coffee makes me jittery.喝过多咖啡使我神经紧张。tool [sth] vtr (form with a tool)用工具加工I'll have this tooled to the proper shape.tool [sth] vtr (bookbinding: stamp)在…上面压印图案The artisans tool the book covers by hand.tool up for [sth] v expr (prepare for [sth])为...做好准备the teeth of [sth] n figurative (most violent part)…最猛烈的部分；…最狂暴的部分备注: Used with a singular verbtop [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (put a top layer on)加上；盖上The chef topped the pizza with strong cheese.厨师在饼上又加了一层乳酪。top [sth] vtr (crown)给…加顶部；在…顶部加装饰The cook topped the cake with a cherry.top [sth] vtr figurative, informal (surpass)超过；超越This extraordinary young cyclist has just topped his personal speed record!这位出色的年轻骑手刚刚打破了他的个人速度纪录！top [sth] vtr (be the best among)领先；处于…最前列The student topped his class.top [sth] vtr informal (exceed in size)高过；多过The new building will top the old tower by two storeys.top [sth] vtr (hit: a golf ball)击球的上部The golfer topped the ball into the sand trap.top [sth] vtr (prune: top of a tree) (树木等)给...截顶；为…打尖The gardener topped the tree.top [sth] vtr (leap over)越过；跨过The highjumper easily topped the bar.top-dress [sth] vtr (agriculture: put manure on soil)施表肥于，铺顶肥topped with [sth] adj + prep (food: with specified topping)上面加...的The waiter brought us a plate of vanilla cupcakes topped with buttercream.topped with [sth] adj + prep (with specified surface)表面是...的All the kitchen counters are topped with zinc.topple [sth] vtr figurative (overthrow: government)推翻；颠覆Revolutionaries toppled the government in 2011.topple [sth] vtr (overturn: things stacked)使倒塌；使倒下Be careful that you don't topple that stack of dishes.torch [sth] vtr slang (set fire to [sth])放火烧The joyriders torched the car when they were finished with it.车用完后，那几个兜风者就一把火把它烧了。torch [sth] vtr (use blowtorch on)用喷灯加热The cook torched the top of the crème brûlée.torpedo [sth] vtr (attack with a torpedo)用鱼雷袭击The submarine torpedoed the battleship, taking its crew by surprise.torpedo [sth] vtr figurative (plan, etc.: destroy)彻底破坏Jaclyn stealthily torpedoed her rival's romantic scheme.torrent of [sth] n figurative (outpouring of [sth])洪流；激流Suddenly, all the feelings Eugene had been bottling up came out in a torrent of words.torture [sb/sth] vtr (inflict severe pain on) (肉体上)折磨, 拷打； (感情上、精神上)折磨, 使痛苦Prisoners claimed that the guards had tortured them.The man was found guilty of torturing his dog.toss [sth] vtr (throw lightly)轻轻地扔；轻轻地抛；轻轻地掷Jacob tossed the ball to Pippa.雅各布把球扔给皮帕。toss [sth] vtr (coin, to decide) (硬币)抛The two friends couldn't decide which film to watch, so they tossed a coin.toss [sth] vtr (salad, food: mix)拌食物Karen poured the dressing over the salad and tossed it.凯伦把沙拉酱倒在沙拉中，翻拌均匀。toss [sth] vtr (head: jerk upwards) (表示恼怒或不耐烦)向上甩头, 猛仰头The horse tossed its head, impatient to get going.toss [sth] vtr figurative (speech: interject)插话The meeting was almost over, when Adam tossed an idea to increase productivity into the discussion.toss [sth] vtr informal (discard, put in trash)抛掉；扔掉The T-shirt was looking very tatty, so Amanda tossed it.toss [sth] vtr US, slang (search, ransack)搜查The police tossed the suspect's apartment.a tot of [sth] n UK (small measure of spirits) (酒)一小杯, 少量, 少许Shall we have a tot of brandy to celebrate?total [sth] vtr (to sum)合计；总计If you total all the amounts, it comes to a lot of money.如果你把所有金额合计起来，那是很大一笔钱。total [sth] vtr mainly US (car: wreck) (汽车)彻底毁坏, 使完全损毁I totaled my car.totalize [sth] vtr (combine as a whole)总计totally committed (to (doing) [sth]) adj (fully engaged)全情投入的；完全投入的People here are totally committed to helping each other learn another language.tote [sth] vtr US, informal (carry) (尤指随身携带)携带，提着Johnny toted his elderly neighbor's bags up the stairs.tote [sth] vtr US, informal (carry on your person)手提；背负；携带Lana totes a book wherever she goes.touch [sth] vtr (feel with the hands, etc.)触摸；摸She touched the blouse to feel its fabric.她摸了摸衬衫，以感受其质地。touch [sth/sb] vtr (be in contact with)与…接触The table touches the wall.touch [sth/sb] vtr (bring into contact)使邻接；使相触Move the sofa back so it touches the wall.touch [sth] vtr (eat)吃；尝The child hadn't touched his food.touch [sth] vtr (cover, deal with)谈及；论及This article doesn't touch the problems in Sudan.touch, touch [sb] for [sth] vtr (borrow money from)向…借钱He touched me for twenty pounds yesterday.touch [sth] vtr (be a tangent to) (几何)与…相切The line touches the circle at point "A".touch [sth] vtr (damage slightly)使轻度受损The flowers have been touched by the frost.霜冻使那些花轻度受损。touch, a touch of [sth] n (small amount)一点；少量John is staying home from work today because he has a touch of fever.由于约翰今天有一点发烧，所以他歇业在家。tough out [sth], tough [sth] out v expr informal (endure [sth] difficult)挨过，熬过；经受过We've toughed out worse situations than this before; we'll be OK.toughen [sth] vtr (reinforce, strengthen)加强；使强壮；使坚韧Adding a protective sealant toughened the wood.tour [sth] vtr (travel)游览；游历We toured Italy last summer.我们去年夏天游览了意大利。tour [sth] vtr (travel by a musical, theatre group) (剧团、乐团等)在…巡回表演The Rolling Stones toured North America last fall.tousle [sth] vtr (hair: ruffle, make untidy) (头发)弄乱；使蓬乱Hillary tousled her nephew's hair and laughed.tout for [sth] vi + prep (solicit blatantly)招揽The business was touting for customers by sending out a mailshot.那家公司通过邮寄广告的形式招揽顾客。tout [sth] vtr (try to sell blatantly)兜售The sales rep was knocking on all the doors in the street, touting his wares.那名销售代表挨家挨户敲那条街上所有住户的门，兜售他的商品。tout [sth/sb] vtr (promote, publicize)宣传；给...做广告The manager was busy touting his band.tow [sth] vtr (car: pull behind) (车、船等)拖，牵引The car was towing a caravan.那辆小轿车拖着一个活动住房。tow [sth] vtr (pull behind)拖；拉The horse was towing a cart. The man was towing a toddler by the hand.那匹马拉着车。那个男人用手牵着一个蹒跚学步的孩子。toward the end of [sth], towards the end of [sth] expr (in the final stages of [sth])某事的末尾；某事的最后towel [sth] vtr (dry with a towel)用毛巾擦干Wendy towelled her hair to get the worst of the wet off, then blow-dried it.toy with [sth] vi + prep (idea: consider)漫不经心地考虑；不太认真地考虑Steve toyed with the idea of giving up his job and travelling around the world.史蒂夫漫不经心地考虑着辞掉工作去周游世界一事。toy with [sb/sth] vi + prep (treat frivolously) (玩弄感情)玩弄Alice said she loved Brian, but she was only toying with his affections.爱丽丝说她爱布莱恩，但其实她只是在玩弄他的感情。toy with [sth] vi + prep (play: with food, etc.)玩弄；摆弄Ian wasn't really eating; he was just toying with his food.伊恩没有好好吃饭，他只是在摆弄着食物。trace [sth], trace [sth] onto [sth] vtr (outline)勾画…的轮廓The architect traced the plans carefully.建筑师仔细地勾画出平面图的轮廓。trace [sth] vtr (identify origin)找到（源头）；找出（根源）The gas company is trying to trace the source of the leak.燃气公司正试图找到泄露源。trace [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep (find origin, originator)追踪…到…；顺着…追踪到…Karen finally traced the strange smell to the pile of clothes on her teenage daughter's bedroom floor.凯伦顺着那股奇怪的气味最终追踪到年轻女儿卧室地板上的一堆衣服。trace [sth] vtr (draw on translucent paper) (用透明纸覆盖在地图、绘画上)映描，描摹The schoolboy traced the map.那个男生把地图描摹了下来。trace [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (follow to source)追根溯源到；追溯到Grace can trace her family tree to the sixteenth century.格蕾丝的家谱可以追溯到16世纪。trace [sth] vtr (phone call: track)追查（电话）Police tried to trace the call from the kidnapper, but he hung up too quickly.警方试图通过绑架犯的电话追查他的位置，不过他很快就挂断了。trace [sth] vtr (follow course of) (根据事情的发展向前调查)追查，调查Robert traced the course of events leading to the crisis.罗伯特调查了导致危机发生的一系列事件。trace [sth] back to [sth/sb] v expr often passive (identify origin, owner)追溯；回溯The origins of Halloween can be traced back to the Celts.万圣节的起源可以追溯到凯尔特人。trace [sth] out, trace out [sth] vtr + adv (outline)勾画出…的轮廓；概述trace [sth] out, trace out [sth] vtr + adv figurative (discover or describe)探询, 追查, 描绘, 描述The police had to trace out where the gun had been sold in order to discover the murderer.trace the origin of [sth] v expr (find the source of)追溯…的起源Ian tried in vain to trace the origin of the slanderous rumor.Doctors are hoping to trace the origin of the salmonella outbreak.trace the origin of [sth] v expr (learn the ancestry of)追溯…的起源The internet makes the task of tracing the origins of your family much easier.traceable to [sth/sb] adj + prep (originating with)可追溯至...的；源自...的The statement is traceable to a 16th century poet.track [sth] vtr (follow, hunt: an animal)跟踪；追踪；追猎The natives can track an animal for miles.当地土著人可以跟踪动物好几英里。track [sth/sb] vtr (monitor route of)追踪，跟踪When you order from this website, you can track the shipment online.在这家网站购物，可以在线跟踪快递。track [sth/sb] vtr (monitor the progress of) (进展)跟踪The teacher tracked the student's progress.老师对该学生的进步进行了追踪调查。track [sth] vtr US (travel through, traverse)行走；旅行；穿越The walkers tracked old trails all day.track [sth] vtr (spread: mud) (泥土)把...弄到…上面Now you have tracked mud on the new carpet!track [sth] vtr US (dirty: an area)在…留下脏足迹；走脏；踩脏Look! You have tracked the whole house which I have just cleaned!track [sb/sth] vtr (trace: phone calls, caller) (电话、来电者)追查；追踪The detectives were not able to track the caller.侦探没能追踪到来电者。trade [sth] vtr mainly US (swap: exchange)交易；交换Want to trade baseball cards with me?谁想跟我换棒球卡？trade [sth] for [sth] vtr + prep mainly US (swap: exchange [sth] for [sth] else)用…换…，用…交换…He traded his bar of chocolate for her biscuit.他用自己的巧克力条换她的饼干。trade with [sb/sth] vi + prep (do business with)和…做生意；与…进行贸易I trade with him from time to time.我时不时地会与他进行贸易往来。trade [sth] with [sb], trade [sth] with [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep informal (exchange or swop [sth] with)与某人交换某物Jack traded the cow with a merchant for a handful of beans.杰克用那头牛与商人交换了一把豆子。trade in [sth] vi + prep (sell)出售，销售，卖This company trades in industrial machinery.这家公司出售工业机械。trade-name [sth] vtr (give brand name to) (产品、商品)给…起名，给…命名trade off [sth] for [sth], trade off [sth] against [sth] v expr figurative (sacrifice for [sth])以某物换取某物；牺牲...换取The new speakers look stylish, but I would not trade off the sound for the appearance.这些新扬声器看起来很时髦，不过我是不会用声音品质来换取外观的。trade [sth] up for [sth], trade up [sth] for [sth] v expr (exchange: for [sth] of higher value)以...换...；以...与...交易备注: 特指用低价品换高价品trademark [sth] vtr (register a trademark)为…注册商标The company trademarked the name of their popular product.公司为自己的热门产品注册了商标。traduce [sth] vtr (disparage, defame)诽谤；诋毁；贬损traffic [sth/sb] vtr (sell illegally) (人口贩卖、毒品贩卖等)非法交易，非法买卖The gang had been trafficking drugs for years before they were caught.这个团伙持续贩毒多年后才落网。trail [sth/sb] vtr (drag behind)拖着…前进；将…拖在后面The plane was trailing a large banner.那架飞机拖着一面很大的旗帜前进。trail [sb/sth] vtr (follow, track)跟踪，追踪；跟在后面The hunters had been trailing the boar for hours.猎人们已经一连追踪了野猪好几个小时。trail behind [sb/sth] vi + prep (not go as fast as)跟随着；落后于On their walk, the older dog trailed behind the younger dog.trail behind [sb/sth] vi + prep figurative (not do as well as)落后于...This company is trailing behind its competitors; its products just aren't as popular.train [sth] vtr (animal: teach to behave) (动物)训练，驯It is hard work training a dog.训狗是件难事。train [sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (teach about [sth]) (某方面的知识)教某人…The instructor trained them in the use of the computer program.指导员教他们如何使用该电脑程序。；train [sb] to do [sth] vtr + prep (person: teach to do)教某人做某事The coach trained her skaters to spin on one foot.教练教她的溜冰学员如何用单脚在冰面上旋转。train [sth] to do [sth] vtr + prep (animal: teach to do) (动物)训练…做某事It is important to train your puppy not to bite.训练狗狗不要咬主人很重要。train [sth] vtr (guide a plant's growth)使...朝…生长I trained the ivy to grow up the wall.train [sth] vtr (aim)瞄准；对准The guns were all trained on the enemy soldiers.a traitor to [sth] n (person who betrays a cause)…的叛徒Guy Fawkes was sentenced to death as a traitor to the Crown.the trammels of [sth] npl figurative, literary ([sth] that restrains)约束物, 束缚物trammel [sth/sb] vtr (restrain, hinder)束缚, 阻碍trample [sth] vtr (crush underfoot)踩；踩踏Workers trample the grapes to make wine.trample on [sth], trample upon [sth], trample over [sth] vi + prep (tread heavily)用力踩踏Someone has trampled on my flower beds.trample on [sb/sth], trample upon, trample over vi + prep figurative (treat roughly)践踏；伤害The high taxes trample on small business owners.trample [sth] down vtr + adv (damage by treading on)践踏，踩坏trample [sth] down vtr + adv figurative (quash, quell)镇压tranquilize [sb/sth] (US), tranquillize, tranquillise (UK) vtr (calm [sb] with drugs)用药物让…镇定；用药物让…安静transact business with [sb/sth] vtr (have commercial dealings with)与…进行交易；与…洽谈业务；和…做买卖Because of their lending practices, we do not transact business with that bank.transcend [sth] vtr (go beyond)超越；越过Their new album transcends all their earlier achievements.transcend [sth] vtr (excel, be superior)胜过；优于；超出His test scores transcended those of all his classmates.transcribe [sth] vtr (copy by hand)抄写；誊写In the old days, books were transcribed by hand.transcribe [sth] vtr (transliterate)将…改写为文字；把…译成文字The graduate students transcribed hundreds of audio interviews.transect [sth] vtr (cut across)横切；切断transfer [sth] vtr (convey [sth] to new place) (指地点、位置)转移，搬；运送，转运The manager transferred the box of shoes to the other warehouse.经理把那一箱鞋子转运到了另一个仓库中。transfer [sth] vtr (change: train, bus, plane)换车；转乘；转搭He transferred trains in Madrid on his way to Barcelona.在去巴塞罗那的途中，他在马德里换了火车。transfer [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (transmit)将…传递给He transferred all his knowledge to his replacement at work.transfer [sth] to [sb] vtr (law: change ownership to) (法律)转让, 让渡After two months, the house was transferred to the new owner.transfigure [sth] vtr (transform, metamorphose)使变形；使外观改变transfigure [sth] vtr (spiritualize)使崇高；使高尚transfix [sth] vtr (pierce)刺穿The outlaw was soon transfixed by the sheriff's arrows.transform [sth] vtr (change completely)使完全改观；彻底改变Your new furniture really transforms the living room.新家具让客厅有了彻底的改观。transform [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (change completely)把…转换为；把…改造成；把…变成The witch transformed the mug into a kitten.女巫把杯子变成了小猫。transform [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (convert)转换；使变换Various enzymes transform milk into cheese.在多种酶的作用下，牛奶变成了奶酪。transformation of [sth/sb] n (process of changing)转变的过程The transformation of the factory into a school took a year.transfuse [sth] vtr (permeate)渗入；渗透transgress [sth] vtr (violate)违背；违反A reporter has discovered that the company had been transgressing state regulations for years.transistorize [sth], also UK: transistorise [sth] vtr (fit [sth] with a transistor)在…上装晶体管transition to [sth], transition into [sth] vi + prep (change, develop)过渡到It can be difficult for teenagers to transition to adulthood.对于青少年来说，像成人的过渡可能有些困难。transition from [sth] to [sth], transition from [sth] into [sth] v expr (change, convert)从…转变成…translate [sth] vtr (language)翻译Simone translates novels for a living.西蒙靠翻译小说过活。translate [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (into language) (语言)把…翻译成Maria translates legal documents into Portuguese.玛丽亚将法律文件翻译成葡萄牙语。translate to [sth] vi + prep figurative (result in)带来；转化成These measures translate to increased job growth.这些措施带来了就业增长。translate into [sth] vi + prep (become)转化成；转变成Unfortunately, talent doesn't translate into wealth.不幸的是，才华不能转化为财富。translate [sth] vtr (explain)解释；用简明的话说明Could you translate these instructions for me?translate [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep figurative (convert into)转换；转化We need to translate our energy into success.translate [sth] vtr (geometry: move figure) (几何)变换平移Translate figure A 90 degrees counterclockwise.transliterate [sth] vtr (represent sounds with a different alphabet)音译transmit [sth] vtr (data: send)传送；传输The tornado warning was transmitted at 7:15 pm.transmit [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (data: send to [sb])发送…给The government transmitted an official message to its allies.transmit [sth] vtr (disease: spread) (疾病)传染, 感染Hepatitis can be transmitted by food or water.transmit [sth] to [sb/sth] vtr + prep (disease: spread)把…传染给The disease was transmitted to several patients in the hospital because the doctor's instruments were not completely clean.transmit [sth] vtr (radio, TV: broadcast) (广播等)发射, 播送The game will be transmitted live this weekend.transmogrify [sth] vtr (cause to transform)使...改变；使...变形transmute [sth] vtr (change into another form)变形；将…变成transmute [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (change into [sth])把...变成transmute into [sth] vi + prep (change into [sth])变成transpire [sth] vtr (plant: secrete moisture) (排出湿气)散发, 蒸发It transpires water vapour in very hot weather.transplant [sth] vtr (organ: transfer surgically) (器官)移植That's the surgeon who transplanted the first human face.transplant [sth] into [sb/sth] vtr + prep (organ: transfer surgically)移植The surgeon transplanted a new lung into the patient's chest cavity.transplant [sth] vtr (plant: transfer to new location)移栽；移种The gardener transplanted the trees.transport [sth] vtr (shipping: carry) (载送货物)运输, 运送Lorries transported the goods from the factory to retail outlets around the country.大卡车将货物从工厂运送到全国各地的分销商那里。transpose [sth] vtr (interchange, switch order)颠倒顺序If you transpose the first and last letters of the word 'team', you get 'meat'.transpose [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (switch the order of)换位；移项Transpose all of the sevens with nines.transpose [sth], transpose [sth] and [sth] vtr (place or position elsewhere)变换顺序；调换顺序The architect eventually transposed the location of the bay window and the sunroom.transpose [sth] vtr (music: change key of) (音乐)转调The composer transposed the piece of music.transpose [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (music: change key to) (音乐)变调；移调Maria transposed the song to a new key.transpose [sth] vtr (change setting or context of)调换；调整The director transposed the kissing scene.transpose [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (change setting or context to) (场景)调换；变换The action of the story was transposed from Paris in the novel to Chicago in the movie.transship [sth], tranship [sth] vtr (move from ship to ship)换船；转船trap [sth/sb] vtr (catch, immobilize) (无法逃脱)困住, 困在He was trapped beneath a wall that had collapsed.他被困在一堵倒塌的墙下。trap [sth] vtr (ball) (足球运动等)停球He trapped the ball, turned, and kicked it into the back of the net.trappings, trappings of [sth] npl (ornaments, features)装饰物；修饰物the trappings, the trappings of [sth] npl (conventional symbols, empty forms)象征性的符号trash [sb/sth] vtr figurative, slang (criticize)评论；批评The critics trashed the director's latest movie.trash [sth] vtr figurative, slang (destroy)毁掉；破坏The rock stars trashed their hotel room.trash [sth] vtr US (throw in trash)扔掉；丢弃Helen trashed her old sneakers, as they had holes in them.travel [sth] vtr (move across specified place)前往；前去My grandfather travelled the world when he was young.Which route do you travel to work?我祖父年轻时候曾环游世界。你的通勤路线是什么？traverse [sth] vtr formal, literary (travel across)穿越；穿过The winter grew colder as the troops traversed the eastern front.traverse [sth] vtr formal, literary (extend across)横越；贯穿The Appalachian Trail traverses the length of the Appalachian Mountains.traverse [sth] vtr formal, literary (cross diagonally)斜穿The highway traverses the county and passes through two large towns.travesty of [sth] n (bad imitation of [sth])歪曲；嘲弄The witnesses were so eager to see the suspect imprisoned that they presented a travesty of the truth.travesty [sth] vtr (parody)拙劣地模仿；滑稽地模仿The newspaper columnist lost many of his friends because he travestied them in his articles.trawl [sth] vtr figurative (sift through)查阅，搜寻； (比喻浏览、寻找)筛选The detectives are trawling the recovered items for evidence.trawl through [sth] vi + prep (search)在...中搜索，在...中搜寻The police trawled through the woods in search for clues.为了找到线索，警方搜索了整片树林。trawl for [sth] vi + prep figurative (search for [sth])查阅；搜集The police trawled for clues as to the woman's whereabouts, but they couldn't find anything.tread on [sth], tread upon [sth] vi + prep (trample, squash)踩在...上；踩踏在...上The great oaf wasn't looking where he was going and he trod on my foot! Tread softly for you tread upon my dreams. (W.B. Yeats)那个白痴完全不看路，还踩了我的脚！“轻些踩，因为你踩着的是我的梦”（威廉·巴勒特·叶芝）tread [sth] vtr (walk somewhere)在…上行走；走过；沿…走As she walked along the path, Charlotte thought of all the people who must have trodden it before her. That man is the greatest scoundrel who ever trod this earth!当夏洛特沿着小路走着时，她开始思忖在自己之前所有走过这条路的人。那个人是这个世界上最坏的混蛋！treasure [sth] vtr (appreciate, value [sth]) (视为重要的)珍视，珍重； (对一个人或事物的感情)珍爱； (收藏物件)珍藏While she was ill, Helen treasured visits from her friends, as they brightened her day.海伦生病时，很珍视朋友的探视，因为朋友的探视会让她一天都觉得阳光明媚。treat [sth] vtr (act as if)看待；视为She treated the situation as if nothing had happened.对待这种情况，她就象没事发生过一样。treat [sb], treat [sb] to [sth] vtr (pay for [sb])款待；宴请；宴请She treated her friend to lunch. He treated her to a weekend at a spa.她请朋友吃中饭。他请她去一个水疗中心度周末。treat [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (medicate using)用…来治疗；用…来处理Headaches are often treated with aspirin.头痛常常用阿司匹林来治疗。treat [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep often passive (show an attitude of)以…来对待某人Your elders deserve to be treated with respect.你应该带着尊重来对待长辈。treat [sth] vtr (act upon)处理, 对待I intend to treat this matter seriously.treat [sth] vtr (cover, in a text or speech)讨论；论述The article didn't even treat the main issue.treat [sth] vtr (apply to [sth])为…上保护涂层He treated the table with a protective cleaning solution.treat yourself to [sth] v expr (indulge in [sth] pleasurable)用...犒劳自己treble [sth] vtr (triple)使…成三倍；使…增加两倍She accepted the job after they trebled the salary they were offering.tree [sth] vtr US (drive animal up tree)把...赶上树；将...逼上树trench [sth] vtr (dig a trench in)挖沟；刨沟The workers trenched the land.trepan [sth] vtr (cut with rotating cutter)对...进行环切trephine [sth/sb] vtr (remove bone section)在骨头上钻孔；trespass on [sth] vi + prep (property: enter uninvited)非法侵入；擅自进入If you trespass on his ranch he might shoot you.trespass against [sb/sth] vi + prep Biblical, formal (sin, transgress)越轨, 犯错, 违反规则You have trespassed against the rules of the church.triage [sb/sth] vtr (assess and prioritize)对...进行伤检分类It is my job to triage patients before they are treated.trial [sth] vtr (test)测试；试验They are trialling a new drug for cancer.他们正在试验一种抗癌新药。triangulate [sth] vtr (make triangular)将...构成三角形trice [sth] vtr nautical (pull with a rope)用绳子拉trick [sb] into [sth] vtr + prep (deceive into [sth])骗某人做某事Julia was tricked into marriage by a man who said he loved her when he was only after her money.那人说他爱茱莉亚，骗她结了婚，但他看重的只是茱莉亚的钱。trick [sb] into doing [sth] v expr (deceive into doing)骗某人做某事The scammer tricked Brian into handing over £400.诈骗者从布莱恩手中骗走了400英镑。trick [sb] out of [sth] vtr (cheat out of: money, etc.)欺诈；欺骗；哄骗The con man tricked the old lady out of her savings by pretending to work for a charity.犯罪分子假装成慈善机构员工，骗走了老妇人所有的积蓄。trifle with [sb/sth] vi + prep informal (treat frivolously)对…举止轻浮随便，玩弄，戏弄I wouldn't trifle with her if I were you. She has a nasty temper.我是你的话，就不会在她面前举止轻浮。要知道，她脾气可坏了。trigger [sth] vtr (explosion, device: set off)触发；引爆Pressing the red button triggers the explosive device.trigger [sth] vtr (alarm, sensor: set off) (警报、传感器)触发；引起Rachel burned the toast, triggering the smoke alarm.瑞秋把面包烤糊了，触发了烟雾报警器。trigger [sth] vtr (set in motion, provoke)触发；挑起The assassination of the archduke triggered the war.大公爵遇刺触发了战争。trigger [sth] vtr (gun: pull firing mechanism)扣动...的扳机The inquest determined that the victim had accidentally triggered the firearm.trillions of [sth] adj figurative, informal (many)极大量I swear there are trillions of mosquitoes out here!trim [sth] vtr (cut: hair) (胡须、头发等)修剪The hairdresser trimmed John's hair.理发师修剪了约翰的头发。trim [sth] vtr (plant, grass: cut) (花木、苗木)修剪Melanie trimmed the hedge to make it look neat.梅兰妮修剪了一下灌木丛边缘，看起来更整齐。trim [sth] vtr (cut: a beard) (胡须)修剪，剪Henry trims his beard regularly.亨利定期修剪胡子。trim [sth] vtr (cut, reduce size)削减；删削；删减This department will have to trim its budget next year.trim [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (decorate)装饰；装修；修饰The family trimmed the Christmas tree with tinsel and baubles.trim [sth] vtr figurative (edit, cut)缩减，减短；修改This is a good essay, but it's too long; could you trim it a bit?这篇论文写得不错，不过就是篇幅有点过长，你能稍作缩减吗？trim [sth] vtr (cut to shape or size)将…修剪成某一形状；将…修剪到某一大小The dressmaker trimmed the material to fit the pattern. The carpenter trimmed the boards to size.裁缝将布料修剪成合适的样式。木匠将木板修剪到合适的大小。trip [sth] vtr (release: a catch) (机械等的部件)松开以开动, 触发开关The burglar tripped the sensor.trip [sth] vtr (start: a machine) (机器)打开；开动The blown fuse tripped the emergency generator.trip over [sth] vi + prep (fall by stepping on)被…绊倒The child tripped over the toys on the floor and fell down.那个小孩被地板上的玩具绊倒了。triple [sth], treble [sth] vtr (make three times as great)使成三倍；三倍于I was able to triple my income in one year.triplicate [sth] vtr (make 3 copies of)做成一式三份Please triplicate the court record and put them all in the proper file.trisect [sth] vtr (cut or divide into three)把…分成三份triturate [sth] vtr (grind fine, pulverize)研碎， 磨碎trivialize [sth], also UK: trivialise [sth] vtr (treat [sth] as unimportant)使…显得不重要；轻视The artist trivialized the horrific events of the war in the satirical painting.troll [sth] vtr (fishing: trail bait)拖钓，用曳绳钓；钓The fishermen trolled mackerel, but they did not catch many.渔民用曳绳钓鲭鱼，但钓到的不多。troll [sth] vtr figurative, slang (prowl around)徘徊；逡巡The boys are trolling the mall for girls to talk to.那些男孩徘徊在商场里找女孩搭讪。troll [sth] for [sth] vtr + prep (fish: try to catch) (钓鱼)在…中拖钓We trolled the river for bass.我们在河里拖钓鲈鱼。troll [sth] vtr (sing in a full voice)高声唱；洪亮地唱tromp [sb/sth] vtr US (roundly defeat)完胜；彻底击败trouble, trouble to do [sth] vi + prep (make an effort)费力做某事；费心做某事She didn't even trouble to tell me what had happened.她毫不费力地就告诉了我发生了什么。trouble yourself with [sth/sb] v expr (bother to attend to)自找…麻烦；给自己带来…麻烦Don't trouble yourself with the details, just read what's essential.troubleshoot [sth] vtr (problems: diagnose and solve)解决…的问题This guide will help you troubleshoot common problems with the system.trouser [sth] vtr UK, figurative, informal (money, etc.: take, pocket) (金钱)偷拿Brian trousered the change instead of leaving it as a tip.trow [sth] vtr archaic (with subject: think, believe)认为trowel [sth] vtr (apply with a trowel)用抹子涂抹The worker carefully troweled the plaster onto the wall.truck [sth] vtr (move by lorry)用运货车运送The company trucked the goods to their destination.truck [sth] vtr archaic (exchange, barter [sth])用…交换；拿…进行易货trudge through [sth] vi + prep (walk heavily through: mud, etc.)艰难跋涉trudge through [sth] vi + prep figurative (work through: a difficult task)艰难克服；艰难度过true (to [sb/sth]) adj (loyal) (对人或事)真诚的；忠诚的Yes, I trust him. He is a true friend.是的，我信任他，他是一位忠诚的朋友。true (to [sth]) adj (not deviating)不偏移的；坚定不移的You must remain true to your ideals.你必须保持对自己的理念坚定不移。true [sth] vtr US (straighten, align)校准；修正We have to true the beams, or the barn will lean to one side.trump [sth/sb] vtr (cards: take with a trump) (牌戏)出牌压过My eight trumped his jack.我的八压过他的杰克。trumpet [sth] vtr (proclaim)大声疾呼，大加宣传；大声宣告，大声说出The new governor trumpeted her victory at a press conference.新任女州长在新闻发布会上大声宣告自己获胜。truncate [sth] vtr (cut [sth] short)把…截短When you write your report, please truncate all of your numbers to two decimal places.truss [sb/sth] vtr (tie up)捆；绑I learned how to truss a roast in my cooking class.truss [sth/sb] up, truss up [sth/sb] vtr + adv (tie up securely)缚紧，捆牢truss [sth] up, truss up [sth] vtr + adv (tie poultry for roasting) (烤鸡等)绑卷trust [sth] vtr (believe)相信Jemima trusts her father's words.杰迈玛相信她父亲的话。trust [sb] to do [sth] v expr (rely on)依赖；依靠Dan trusts his girlfriend to help him.丹依赖于她的帮助。trust [sth] vtr (can rely on)有信心；认为可靠I trust my car; it never breaks down.我对自己的车有信心，它从没有坏过。trust in [sb/sth] vi + prep (have faith in)相信；信任；依靠，倚靠"Trust in the Lord!" proclaimed the preacher.传道者说到：“当倚靠耶和华！”传道者说到：“当倚靠耶和华！”trust [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (entrust)委托；把…交托给I trust my life to you.我把自己的命交托给你了。trustee [sth] vtr (place in hands of trustees)将…交付给受托人try [sth] vtr (attempt [sth])试图；想要Have you ever tried bungee jumping?你尝试过蹦极吗？try to do [sth] v expr (strive)力求做某事I try to do my best.我力求做到最好。try doing [sth] v expr (test an effect)试试做某事；试着做某事Try playing the music softly, and you may hear the violins in the background.试着把音乐的音量开低一点，你或许可以听到背景中的小提琴声。try doing [sth], try to do [sth] v expr (endeavor to)争取；努力做Try to do all of your schoolwork tonight.争取今晚把你所有的作业都做完。try [sth] vtr (evaluate)尝试；试用You can try these golf clubs before you buy them.购买这些高尔夫球杆之前，你可以先试用一下。try [sth] vtr (taste) (味道)尝试；尝Why not try our delicious King Crab salad?为什么不尝尝我们美味的帝王蟹色拉呢？try [sth] vtr (test, sample)试；尝试；试验Try it before you decide whether it's difficult.试一下你才会知道是不是很难。try [sth] vtr (test for fit)试穿Let me try this shirt to see if it fits.try [sth] vtr (legal case: judge)审理；审判The District Attorney will try the corruption case.地方检查官将审理这个腐败案。try [sth] vtr (attempt to open)试图打开He tried the door.try for [sth] vi + prep informal (attempt to attain)力争获得He wanted to try for a Bachelor's Degree.try your best to do [sth] v expr (make a big effort to do)努力；勉力try your hand at [sth] v expr (attempt [sth] new)尝试...Eugene had always been good at crafts, so he decided to try his hand at woodwork.try your hand at doing [sth] v expr (attempt [sth] new)尝试；试一试I've decided to try my hand at writing children's books.tub [sth] vtr (put in a tub)把…装入桶里；把…放在盆里tuck [sth] vtr (place fabric end somewhere) (把床单等的边)将…塞到； (将上衣下摆束进裤腰)将…束进，将…扎进Ursula tucked the corner of the sheet under the mattress.乌苏拉将被单角塞入床垫下。tuck [sth] vtr (insert, put discreetly)把…叠起来塞入Adrian tucked the newspaper under his arm.阿德里安将报纸叠起来夹在胳膊下 。tuck [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (pull, curl: knees into chest)蜷曲；蜷起The little boy sat on the step and tucked his knees into his chest.tug [sth] vtr (pull)用力拉；用力拖；用力拽The boat was tugging a dinghy.小船拖着一艘小艇。tug at [sth] vi + prep (yank or pull on [sth])用力拉；猛拉；使劲拉Emily tugged at the door, but it wouldn't open.艾米丽用力拉那扇门，不过却打不开。tug on [sth] vi + prep (pull on [sth])用力拉；使劲拉Tom tugged on the rope and the load began to rise in the air.汤姆用力拉绳子，随即绳子另一端的重物开始在空中上升。tum [sth] vtr (textiles: tease) (毛纱)梳通清理，梳理My mother is teaching me how to tum wool today to prepare it for carding.我母亲正在教我如何梳理羊毛，以准备梳通清理工作。tumble [sth] vtr (gemstones: polish) (宝石)给…抛光Yvonne tumbled the gemstones, before stringing them on the necklace.；tune [sth] vtr (music: an instrument) (乐器)给…调音Joan is tuning her guitar.琼正在给自己的吉他调音。tune [sth] vtr (adjust frequency) (频率)调，将…调到Dan tuned the radio to his favourite station.丹将收音机调到他喜欢的台。tune [sth] vtr (engine) (发动机等)调整The mechanic tuned the car.tune [sth] vtr (machine: calibrate) (机械等)标正, 校准The maintenance engineer tuned all the machines in the factory.tunnel [sth] vtr (passage: dig, excavate) (地道、通道、隧道)挖, 掘The workers tunneled the mountain so the highway could eventually be routed there.tup [sth] vtr (mate sheep)（公羊和母羊）交配turbocharge [sth] vtr (increase power: of an engine) (发动机)用涡轮为...提高动力turbocharge [sth] vtr figurative (increase speed or performance)加快, 提升turn to [sth] vi + prep (move to face: a direction)将头转向Everyone, turn to your screens. Please turn to the right to see the monument.所有人，将头转向各自的屏幕。请将头转向右侧的名胜古迹。turn [sth] vtr (change position of, rotate)使转向；把…转过来；使朝着He turned the vase to make it face the room.他将花瓶转向房间一面。turn to [sth] vi + prep (become)成为The leaves turned to mush underfoot.落叶成为脚下的软泥。turn [sth] vtr (flip)翻转She turned the paper so that he couldn't see what was written on it.turn [sth] vtr (shape)使...成形；将...制成That sculptor turns wood beautifully.turn [sth] vtr (execute, finish)结束；完成You should be able to turn this job in two hours.turn into [sth/sb] vi + prep (become)变成；变为She turned into a fine young woman.turn [sth] vtr (change color) (颜色)改变；变成...颜色In autumn, the leaves turned brown.turn [sth] vtr (change temperature) (指温度)变得The day turned hot.turn from [sth] into [sth] v expr (change shape)改变…的形状；改变…的体形With exercise, she turned herself from a couch potato into a honed running machine.turn into [sth] vi + prep (change form)改变形状The caterpillar will turn into a butterfly.turn [sth] vtr (sell)卖；售出We can turn thirty cases of that item this week.turn [sth] vtr (profit: earn)赚；牟利；获得Our business hopes to turn a profit.turn [sth] to [sth], turn [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (transform)改变；转变You turn my sadness to joy.turn [sth] vtr (twist)缠绕；卷, 拧Turn the threads to make a rope.turn [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (render)使变成The brewer turns the grain and hops into beer.turn [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (translate)翻译；译成Please turn the English into French.turn [sth] vtr (pass: a time) (时间等)超过，越过It's just turned twelve.turn [sth] vtr (shape on a lathe) (在车床上)削, 旋The carpenter turned four table legs.turn [sth] vtr (phrase well)为...修辞； (用优美的辞藻)修饰Shakespeare knew how to turn a phrase.turn to [sb/sth] vi + prep (direct attention toward) (注意力)转移Let's turn to the agenda for next week's meeting.turn [sth] vtr (gymnastics: do, perform)翻筋斗Marla turned somersaults across the lawn.马拉翻着筋斗从草坪的一端翻到了另一端。turn into [sth] vi + prep (enter by turning)转弯进入；拐入；转入At the end of the road, turn into the driveway.在这条道路的尽头，转入私人车道。turn [sth] vtr (reach an age) (年龄)年满，满My great-grandmother turned 99 last week.My little boy turns 5 next month.turn [sth] vtr (ankle: twist)扭伤，扭，崴I turned my ankle hurrying down some steps.turn a blind eye on [sth], turn a blind eye to [sth] v expr figurative (pretend not to see)对…视而不见，对…熟视无睹The corrupt inspector agreed to turn a blind eye to the safety violations.turn a deaf ear to [sb/sth] v expr figurative (be unwilling to listen to)对...置之不理He needs to believe in himself and turn a deaf ear to his critics.turn around [sth] vi + prep (rotate around [sth])围绕…转动The Earth turns around its axis.地球围绕地轴转动。turn [sth] aside vtr + adv (deflect) (轨道、道路)偏离；改变…方向turn [sth] aside vtr + adv figurative (reject)拒绝接受；驳回The judge turned aside the company's argument that the court had no jurisdiction over the case.turn aside from [sth] v expr figurative (avoid involvement in)避免卷入；躲开turn away from doing [sth] v expr figurative (avoid involvement)避免卷入；躲开He turns away from dealing with beggars.他避开与乞丐打交道。turn [sth] away from [sth] vtr + prep (cause to move away)把…赶走；撵走It was hard to turn the cattle away from the broken fence.很难把牛从破篱笆中赶走。turn [sth] down, turn down [sth] vtr + adv (reduce by turning a knob)转动旋钮降低；降低；减小The chef turned the heat down under the pan and let it simmer.厨师将锅下的热度调小，让它慢炖。turn [sth] down, turn down [sth] vtr + adv (fold back: blankets on bed) (毛毯、床单等)将...折过来, 翻折The hotel cleaner had turned down the sheets and left a chocolate on the pillow.酒店清洁人员将床单折叠好，并将一块巧克力放在枕头上。turn [sth] inside out v expr (reverse or invert)把…翻过来，把…翻面turn [sb/sth] loose vtr + adj (release, set free)释放；放出The dogs were making such a noise that I turned them loose in the paddock.turn [sth] off, turn off [sth] vtr + adv (switch off, extinguish) (开关等)关闭；关掉；断开Before I go to sleep I turn off the T.V.睡觉前，我关掉了电视。turn [sb] off [sth/sb] v expr informal (cause to dislike)使某人对某物失去兴趣；使某人不再喜欢某物Getting drunk on whisky turned Ben off alcohol completely.喝威士忌喝醉，让本彻底对酒失去兴趣。turn [sth] out, turn out [sth] vtr + adv (move to face outward)朝外转Stand with your legs hip-width apart and turn your feet out.双腿站开，与臀部同宽，双脚朝外转。turn out to be [sth/sb] v expr (be discovered to be)原来是；原是The man convicted of the crime turned out to be innocent.turn out to be [sth/sb] v expr (become)变成；成为Your son has turned out to be a hardworking young man; you must be proud of him.turn [sth/sb] over, turn over [sth/sb] vtr + adv (roll, flip over)把…翻过去；打翻；使…翻滚The chef turned the omelet over to gently brown the other side.那位厨师将煎蛋卷翻过来，将另一面煎至浅褐色。turn [sth/sb] over to [sb], turn over [sth/sb] to [sb] v expr (deliver, surrender [sth])把…交给…；把…移交给…She turned the money over to her boss.她把钱交给老板。turn the tables on [sth/sb] vtr (reverse relative positions of)扭转…的局势turn [sth/sb] to stone v expr (petrify, make into stone)使…石化The witch waved her wand and the fox turned to stone.turn [sth] up, turn up [sth] vtr + adv (increase output, volume) (音量等)开大，调高；调大We turned the TV up to drown the noise of our neighbours arguing.我们将电视的音量调大来盖过邻居的争吵声。turn [sth] upside down, turn [sth] upside-down v expr (invert)倒转，使…倒置，颠倒I turned my bag upside down and shook the contents onto the floor, hoping to find my keys.我颠倒自己的包，将包里的东西倒到地上，希望能找到自己的钥匙。turn [sth] upside down, turn [sth] upside-down v expr figurative (rummage through roughly)把…翻得乱七八糟The house was turned upside down as the burglars searched for valuable items.turn [sth] upside down, turn [sth] upside-down v expr figurative (change dramatically) (比喻)使…翻天覆地，（生活等发生巨大变化）完全颠倒…The terrible news turned his world upside down.turn your back on [sb/sth] vtr (abandon, reject)对…不屑一顾；背叛，抛弃；背叛；抛弃Shame on you for turning your back on your friends after such a small disagreement.turn up your nose at [sth], turn your nose up at [sth] v expr figurative (show disgust, disdain for)对...嗤之以鼻；对...不屑一顾tussle [sth] vtr US, non-standard (hair: tousle, make untidy) (头发)使蓬乱；弄乱Raymond tussled his nephew's hair affectionately.tutor [sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (give private lessons in [sth]) (家庭教师)为（某人）提供（某方面的）私人辅导James tutors three teenagers in French.詹姆士为三名青少年提供法语私人辅导。twang [sth] vtr (pluck, make vibrate loudly)弹拨Ricky twanged the strings of the guitar.tweak [sth] vtr (pinch with a twist)拧；扭When I was a boy, the teacher used to tweak the nose of any child who answered a question incorrectly.我小时候，哪个孩子问题回答错误，老师就会拧他的鼻子。tweak [sth] vtr (modify slightly)微调；略微改进；稍稍修改This is a good essay and, if you tweak it a bit, I think it could be great.这篇作文不过，我认为稍加修改后就最好了。tweet [sth] vtr (post [sth] on Twitter) (社交平台推特)发推Many fans tweeted their disappointment when they heard the show was canceled.twiddle [sth] vtr (fiddle with)摆弄，捻弄James twiddled the knob on the radio to see if he could get better reception.twin [sth] vtr (pair, couple)将…配成对；使…成双Emma twinned her skirt with a blouse in a similar shade of blue.twin [sth] vtr (town: create relationship)使…结成姐妹城市；使…结成友好城市The mayor decided to twin the city with a similar sized one in Germany.twine [sth] vtr (twist together)搓；把…捻在一起Twine the branches together to form a wreath.twine [sth] vtr (encircle, twist around)使缠绕, 使盘绕；使环绕, 使搂抱Bruce twined his arms around his girlfriend's waist.twirl [sth] vtr (twist, wind)扭转；缠绕；盘绕The majorettes twirled their batons.twirl [sth] around vtr + adv (spin, twist)快速转动Twirl the Lazy Susan around and see if the beans are on the other side.twist [sth] vtr (wind, twine, coil) (电线等)绕在一起, 缠在一起, 打结Helen took hold of a lock of her hair and twisted it around her finger.海伦玩弄着一缕头发。twist [sth] vtr (distort meaning)曲解；误解；误会Don't try to twist things; you know that isn't what I meant!我不是那个意思，你不要故意曲解我！；twist [sth] vtr (turn, rotate)旋动；转动Dan twisted the cap of the jar to undo it.丹旋动罐子的盖子来打开它。twist [sth] vtr (joint) (手腕、脚踝)扭伤, 崴脚Elizabeth has twisted her ankle, so she can't play football tonight.伊丽莎白崴了脚，今晚不能踢足球了。twist [sth] off, twist off [sth] vtr + adv (bottle cap, etc.: unscrew)拧开twitch [sth] vtr (cause to jerk)使…抽搐；使…抽动；使…颤动The mouse twitched its whiskers.老鼠抽动着胡须。type [sth] vtr (typewrite, on keyboard) (用电脑、打印机等)打出, 敲出We will have to type the essay.我们得把这篇论文打出来。type [sth] vtr (determine: blood type) (医学)测…的血型The nurse is going to type my blood.typecast [sb] as [sth] vtr + conj (stereotype [sb]) (演员)选…反复扮演…角色The actress's appearance in several action movies early in her career has typecast her as a soldier.typeset [sth] vtr (set for printing)排字备印；排印typeset [sth] adj (set for printing)排字备印的；排印的typewrite [sth] vtr (write using a keyboard)用键盘打；用键盘输入typical of [sth] adj + prep (representative of)…的代表；…的典型These conifers are typical of the region.这些针叶树是这个地区的典型特征。typical of [sth/sb] adj + prep (characteristic)…的特征；…的特色；…特有的That kind of bad behavior is typical of Ben.那种恶劣行径是本的一贯作风。typify [sth] vtr (be typical or usual of)具有…的特色This example sentence typifies mistakes that new writers often make.typify [sth] vtr (be an example of)作为…的典型The gown typifies the clothing typically worn by women during that time period.uberize [sth], also UK: uberise [sth] vtr (transform a service industry model)优步化ulcerate [sth] vtr (cause to form ulcers)使形成溃疡；使溃烂the umbrella of ([sth/sb]) n figurative (protection) (比喻)保护伞A number of singers work under the umbrella of this agency.好几名歌手都在这家中介的照应下工作。umpire for [sth/sb] vi + prep (tennis, etc.: act as referee)为…担任裁判Gus umpired for the Illinois High School Field Hockey Association.umpire [sth] vtr (act as referee for tennis, etc.)为…担任裁判Alice umpired the game between England and New Zealand.be unable to do [sth] v expr (be incapable of doing [sth])不能做某事He was unable to climb the mountain because of his asthma.由于身患哮喘，他不能够登顶那座山。unaccustomed to [sth] adj + prep (not used to [sth])不习惯的Patrick lives alone and is unaccustomed to receiving visitors.be unacquainted with [sth] v expr (be unfamiliar with)对...不熟悉unadapted to [sth], unadapted for [sth] adj + prep (not suitable)不适应…的，不适合…的unapologetic about [sth] adj + prep (not sorry about)对于...不认错的；对于...没有歉意的The actor is unapologetic about the controversial remarks he made in a radio interview.对于自己在电台采访中极具争议的言辞，那位演员毫无歉意。unaware of [sth] adj + prep (not knowing [sth])不知道；没有意识到I was unaware of any connection between those two people.我并不知道那两个人之间有什么联系。unbalance [sth] vtr (make unstable)使不稳；使失去平衡If the load on the back of a lorry shifts during the journey, it could unbalance the vehicle.unbandage [sth] vtr (remove dressing from: a wound) (伤口)解掉…的绷带unbar [sth] vtr (unfasten, unbolt) (门闩等)打开，拉开unbend [sth] vtr (straighten [sth])拉直；使变直Harry used a vice to unbend the key which had become twisted in the lock.unbind [sth/sb] vtr (untie, unfasten)松开；解开The kidnapper unbound the rope tied around the hostage's hands.unblock [sth] vtr (clear blockage from)清除…障碍；解除…阻塞Yvonne used a plunger to unblock the kitchen sink.unblock [sth] vtr (internet: make accessible again) (互联网)解锁；解封unblock [sb/sth] vtr (allow to contact again) (联系)解除阻止unbolt [sth] vtr (unlock by opening a bolt) (指插销或门闩)打开, 拔开unbolt [sth] vtr (detach by removing bolts) (插销等)拔下unbosom yourself of [sth] v expr literary (unburden yourself of [sth])吐露； (心事等)表明unbox [sth] vtr (remove from its box)对...进行开箱；把...从箱子里取出来unbrace [sth/sb] vtr (remove support from)消除；放松unbuckle [sth] vtr (unfasten the buckle of)解开…的搭扣Pete unbuckled his belt and took his trousers off.unburden [sb/sth] vtr (relieve of [sth] heavy) (负担、负荷等)卸去，卸下We need to unburden the raft quickly before it sinks!unburden [sth] vtr (cast off)倾诉；吐露Charlotte unburdened her woes to her best friend.unburden yourself of [sth] v expr (relieve yourself of [sth])卸去...负担；放松Adrian confessed his crime in an attempt to unburden himself of the guilt.unbutton [sth] vtr (unfasten the buttons of)解开…的纽扣Paul unbuttoned the top button of his shirt.uncap [sth] vtr (remove the lid from [sth])打开…的盖子uncap [sth] vtr (remove upper limits on)解除…的上限；撤消…的上限unchain [sth] vtr (set free)解开…的锁链；解放；释放unclasp [sth] vtr (unfasten)解开；打开；松开unclasp [sth] vtr (hands: unclench, let go) (指手)松开, 放开be unclear about [sth] v expr (person: not understand fully)对…不清楚；不明白I'm unclear about what the results of my blood test mean.unclench [sth] vtr (relax muscles) (肌肉)使放松The fitness instructor told the class to unclench their muscles and relax.unclench [sth] vtr (uncurl fist) (拳头)松开，放开Ed calmed down and unclenched his fists.uncloak [sth] vtr figurative (reveal, uncover)揭露, 揭发unclog [sth] vtr (unblock)扫除…的障碍；清除…的阻碍unclutter [sth] vtr (tidy up)整理，收拾Stacey decided to unclutter her desk.uncoil [sth] vtr (unfurl, unfold)展开（线团等）Tina uncoiled the garden hose and began watering the plants.uncolored by [sth] (US), uncoloured (UK) adj + prep figurative (not influenced)未被影响的；未受影响的unconsciousness of [sth] n figurative (unwitting nature)未察觉；未意识到Steve's unconsciousness of his own responsibility for the mistake worried his manager.uncork [sth] vtr (remove cork from: bottle, jar)拔去…的塞子；给...开盖uncork [sth] vtr figurative (release, remove constraints on)释放, 放开；解禁uncouple [sth], uncouple [sth] and [sth] vtr (train carriages: separate)解开（车厢间的）挂钩The carriages were uncoupled at the station and the locomotive was driven away.uncouple [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (train carriages: separate)使脱开A railwayman uncoupled the steam engine from the carriages.uncover [sth] vtr (reveal through investigation)发现，察知；揭露，揭开Glenn told his parents he'd spent the night studying at a friend's house, but they eventually uncovered the truth.格伦告诉父母说自己要在朋友家留宿，一起学习，不过他父母最终还是发现了真相。uncover [sth] vtr (take cover off)揭开…的盖子，拿下…的盖子Uncover the saucepan and leave the soup to simmer without the lid on for another ten minutes.揭开锅盖，让汤在不盖盖子的情况下再炖十分钟。uncover [sth] vtr (head covering: remove) (帽子、头巾等)揭开；摘下The men all uncovered their heads as the funeral procession passed them.当送葬队伍经过时，所有人都摘下帽子行礼。uncross [sth] vtr (unfold: legs) (指腿)松开, 打开uncurl [sth] vtr (unfurl [sth])使...变直under cover of [sth], under the cover of [sth] expr (concealed)在…的掩护下；打着…的幌子Under cover of legitimate businesses, the Mob continued its illegal activities.under the aegis of [sth/sb], under the egis of [sth/sb] expr formal (guided or protected by) (正式用语)受…保护；在…庇护之下；受...支持的This child is now under the aegis of the court.under the auspices of [sb/sth] prep (being guided, protected by)在…支持之下；得到…的帮助或赞助under the authority of [sb/sth] expr (being guided by)经…批准，经…允许under the authority of [sb/sth] expr (within the control of)受…管辖；受...控制under the cloak of [sth] expr (being protected by)在…的掩护下；被…隐匿The candidate accused her opponent of pursuing his own interests under the cloak of patriotism.该候选人指控她的对手披着爱国主义的伪装来追求个人利益。undercurrent of [sth] n figurative (subtle suggestion of [sth])潜在的情绪；潜在的影响There has been an undercurrent of fear in the city ever since the terrorist attack..undercut [sth] vtr figurative (undermine, weaken)暗中破坏；削弱Smith's argument is undercut by the lack of supporting evidence.undercut [sth] vtr (cut away underneath)从…底部切开Waves had undercut the foot of the cliff, creating a cave.underdevelop [sth] vtr (photography: not fully process)使...显影不足underemphasize [sth] vtr (not emphasize enough)对…强调不足；对…重视不够underestimate [sth] vtr (amount: estimate too low) (数量)低估The translator underestimated the work involved and had to ask the client for an extension.The builder underestimated the costs for the project and ended up making a loss.那位翻译低估了工作量，所以不得不要求客户宽限交稿时间。// 建造商低估了这个项目的成本，最后亏了本。underestimate [sth] vtr (fail to expect full effect, reaction) (影响，反应等)低估The prank callers underestimated the effect of the trick they played; they were horrified when they realised they'd got someone fired.打恶作剧电话的人低估他们行为造成的影响；听闻有人因此被开除，他们恐惧极了。underexpose [sth] vtr (photo: use too little light)使底片曝光不足This picture is very dark because the photographer underexposed the shot.underexposed to [sth] adj figurative (person: having little experience)对...缺乏经验的underfund [sth] vtr (not give enough money)对…提供资金不足undergird [sth] vtr (support or secure)支撑，在底部加固；支持Keith's life is undergirded by a strong religious faith.underlay [sth] vtr (layer [sth] underneath)将…衬垫在下方；将...垫在下面Underlaying a carpet will make it more durable.underlay [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (layer [sth] underneath)铺在…下面The land was underlaid with valuable coal deposits.underlie [sth] vtr figurative (be the reason for)构成…的基础；基于A belief in creationism underlies their arguments.underlie [sth] vtr (lie beneath)在…之下；位于…之下A layer of sedimentary rock underlies the soil.underline [sth] vtr (text)给…加下划线，在…下面划线Bridget underlined the word "not" in the sentence "do not enter" to add emphasis.布里奇特在“请勿入内”这句话的“勿”下面划线以示强调。underline [sth] vtr figurative (emphasize)强调；突出；加强说明The minister underlined the fact that the government had reduced unemployment.部长强调了政府已降低了失业率这一事实。undermine [sth] vtr figurative (argument, progress)损及；破坏；削弱Fighting broke out during the ceasefire, undermining the peace talks.停战期间爆发了战争，破坏了和平谈判。undermine [sth] vtr figurative (gradually wear away)逐渐损害；逐渐削弱Her boss's constant criticism undermined Janet's confidence.她的老板持续性的批评逐渐损害了珍妮特的自信。undermine [sth] vtr (remove foundation)动摇…的根基The attackers got into the city by undermining the walls.通过破坏墙体的根基，进攻者侵入到了城市内部。underpin [sth] vtr (physically: support)支撑；撑住；支起Your house will need to be underpinned to stop it collapsing.你的房子需要支撑，以防垮塌。underpin [sth] vtr figurative (argument: support) (争论等)支持，赞同His conclusions are underpinned by hard evidence.他的结论有确凿证据支持。underplay [sth] vtr figurative (minimize)削弱…的重要性；对...轻描淡写；对...大题小做underplay [sth] vtr (cards: play a low card when holding a higher one) (桥牌)出小牌留underplay [sth] vtr (actor: perform in an understated way)节制地表演...underrate [sth/sb] vtr (not esteem highly enough)低估；小看Many fans underrate Johnson as a player, but he has scored some important goals for the team.underscore [sth] vtr (underline)给…加下划线，在…下划线Bridget underscored the word "not" in the instruction "do not enter" for emphasis.布里奇特在“请勿入内”这句话的“勿”下面划线以示强调。underscore [sth] vtr figurative (emphasize)强调；突出；加强说明The minister underscored all the progress the government had made in reducing the deficit.该部长强调政府在缓解赤字方面所获得的一切进展。underseal [sth] vtr (coat against rust)给…涂防蚀涂层undersell [sb/sth] vtr (sell at a cheaper price than)贱卖；廉价出售The large supermarkets often undersell small local shops.undersell [sth] vtr figurative (not promote fully)低估You shouldn't claim skills that you don't have, but don't undersell yourself either.undershoot [sth] vtr (not fire far enough) (因射击得不够远)未击中, 没打到undersign [sth] vtr (put one's signature to)给...签名；给...署名understand [sth] vtr (comprehend)理解；明白；懂Do you understand what I'm saying?你明白我在说什么吗？understand [sth] vtr (grasp the concept of)理解（某一概念）She doesn't understand algebra.她理解不了代数学。understand [sth] vtr (interpret)领会，了解；阐释，把…解释为She can't understand the instructions.她领会不了那些说明。understand [sth] vtr (be conversant with)熟悉；了解I don't fully understand the traffic laws, so I can't advise you.我没有熟悉全部的交通法规，所以没办法给你建议。understand [sth] vtr (believe)知道；认为；相信I understand them to be very nice people.我相信他们是非常好的人。understand [sth] vtr (assume to be agreed)明白；认同We understand the contract to be valid.我们认同合约是有效的。understand [sb] to do [sth] v expr (infer)推断某人会做某事；推测某人做某事；猜想某人做某事When my husband says the food I've cooked is "interesting," I understand him to mean he doesn't like it.I understood John to be in Fiji, but I had it completely wrong; he was in Venezuela.understand [sth] vtr (accept with tolerance)接受；理解Although I don't agree with him, I understand his point of view.尽管我不同意他的观点，不过我很理解。understand [sth] vtr (limit of knowledge)知道；听说；获悉I understand that you hate her. Is this true?我听说你很讨厌她。此事当真？understate [sth] vtr (minimize importance of)对…轻描淡写The book understates the importance of social class in British daily life.understudy [sth] vtr (role: stand in for another actor)担任（某个角色的）预备演员I helped Alice learn her lines when she understudied the role of Juliet.undertake [sth] vtr (project: commit to) (项目等)承担，负责The builder agreed to undertake the renovation.建筑商同意负责这个项目。undertake to do [sth] v expr (promise to do [sth])保证做某事I undertake to provide for you and make you as happy as I can, for as long as I live.我保证会在我有生之年照顾你，尽我所能地让你开心。undertake to do [sth] v expr (commit to do [sth])负责某事；承担某事The proofreader has undertaken to make the corrections.校对员负责修改错误。underuse [sth] vtr (use less than is appropriate)少用；未充分使用underutilize [sth] vtr (not use full potential)未充分使用undervalue [sth/sb] vtr (not appreciate enough)低估；小视The company undervalued Susan's work, so she found another job.underwrite [sth] vtr (insurance: cover)承保；以…为承保范围I'm afraid no insurance company is prepared to underwrite our expedition.underwrite [sth] vtr archaic (write [sth] below [sth])在...下面写undeserving of [sth] adj + prep (not worthy of [sth])不值得...的；不配...的Many viewers of the talent show thought that Mandy was undeserving of the prize.undo [sth] vtr (buttons: unfasten) (纽扣等)解开，松开Olivia undid the buttons on her coat.奥利维亚解开了她外套的扣子。undo [sth] vtr (garment: unfasten) (衣服)解开； (衣服)脱下Ben undid his shirt and took it off.本解开衬衫，脱掉了它。undo [sth] vtr (open, unwrap) (包装等)解开，拆开，打开Amanda undid the parcel.阿曼达拆开包裹。undo [sth] vtr (reverse) (使不好的局面好转或恢复原状)修复，挽回，逆转，清除； (使恢复原状)恢复，复原， 还原，取消，撤销； (与之前的作用相反而互相消除，进而恢复原状)抵消It's your fault Tom's upset; you did it, so now you have to find a way to undo it!让汤姆不开心是你的错；既然是你造成的，那现在你就得想办法挽回。undo [sth] vtr (computing: delete, erase) (计算机命令)取消，撤消（操作）The formatting change was a disaster, so Kirsty undid it.更改格式搞得一团糟，所以科斯蒂撤销了这一操作。undo [sb/sth] vtr literary (lead to downfall)摧毁；毁灭；打垮The minister made one stupid mistake, but it undid him.undock [sth] vtr (spacecraft: separate [sth])使...分离undock [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (spacecraft: separate [sth] from [sth])使...与...分离undock [sth] vtr (move a ship away from a dock)使...出坞unearth [sth] vtr (dig from the ground)挖掘；出土Archaeologists have unearthed a large number of Roman coins in a farmer's field.unearth [sth] vtr figurative (discover)发现；揭露I unearthed some real treasures in the secondhand bookshop yesterday.unfamiliar with [sth] adj + prep ([sb]: not knowledgeable)对…不熟悉的；对…生疏的I'm unfamiliar with the statistical methods you describe.unfasten [sth] vtr (undo: button, seatbelt)解开；松开Davina unfastened her seatbelt and got out of the car.unfetter [sth/sb] vtr (unchain, set free)解放；释放unfit for [sth] adj + prep (inadequate for)不适合That brand of oil is unfit for use in any car made since 1985.unfit to do [sth] adj (inadequate, incapable)不适合做；不能胜任Jenkins is unfit to lead the party because of his extreme views.unfitting for [sth] adj + prep (not suitable)对...不适合的，不适合做...的unfix [sth] vtr (unfasten, detach)松开；解开unfold [sth] vtr (open [sth] folded) (折叠物)展开, 打开Charlotte unfolded the note Adam had just passed her to see what it said.夏洛特将亚当刚才递给她的纸条展开，想看看上面写了什么。unfold [sth] vtr (arms) (双手臂)不再交叉Once I had apologised, my mother unfolded her arms and said that I could go out.unfreeze [sth] vtr (thaw)解冻；化冻unfreeze [sth] vtr figurative (remove restrictions on)解除管制unfurl [sth] vtr (unfold, unravel)展开；展示When the astronauts landed on the Moon, they unfurled the flag and stuck it into the ground.unharness [sth] vtr (remove harness from: a horse)卸下…的马具unharness [sth] vtr figurative (let loose)释放；解放unhide [sth] vtr (software: show certain content) (软件)显示unhinge [sth] vtr (door: take off hinges) (门)取下...铰链或合叶I think we need to unhinge the door if we're ever going to get this bookcase inside.unhitch [sth] vtr (unfasten, release)解开；解下；松开unholster [sth] vtr (remove from holster)取下皮套；卸下枪套unhook [sth] vtr (detatch or unfasten hook)解开搭扣；将钩松开Stan unhooked the fish from the line and put it back in the water.unify [sth] vtr (bring together, unite)使联合；使统一；使成为一体The Prime Minister was struggling to unify the different factions of the ruling party.uninstall [sth], also UK: uninstal [sth] vtr (remove: computer software) (电脑软件)卸载It's easy to uninstall the software; you just have to click on that icon.unionize [sth], also UK: unionise [sth] vtr (workers: organize into a union)吸收...进工会unite with [sb/sth] vi + prep (join forces with)与…联合起来；和…团结起来The Anglican church invited the Methodist church to unite with them for Sunday worship.unite against [sth/sb] vi + prep (join forces to oppose)联合对抗；联合反抗All people should unite against the injustices of their government.unite in doing [sth] v expr (join together in doing)联合起来Countries from around the world united in celebrating the New Year.be united by [sth] v expr (have [sth] as a common concern)被…团结起来；被…联合起来The former enemies were united by the desire to help the earthquake victims.unitize [sth], also UK: unitise [sth] vtr (assemble [sth] into a whole)聚合；整合；统一；联合unitize [sth], also UK: unitise [sth] vtr (be divided up, separated)分开；分裂；分离universalize [sth], also UK: universalise [sth] vtr (generalize, make [sth] universal)使普遍；普及unkind to [sth] adj (harsh on) (天气)不好的, 严酷的Cold weather is unkind to your skin.unkind to [sb/sth] adj + prep (not nice to)对…不好I hate seeing people being unkind to their pets.unknot [sth] vtr (undo a knot in)解开…的结unlace [sth] vtr (undo the laces of)解开…的带子Fred unlaced his boots and took them off.unlatch [sth] vtr (unlock, unfasten)打开（门闩）Tina unlatched the door to let the dog out.unlearn [sth] vtr (forget or lose)忘记；忘却unleash [sth] vtr figurative (emotions) (情感等)宣泄，发泄Finally, John couldn't hold back any longer and he unleashed his anger, telling everyone in the office exactly what he thought of them.约翰终于再也忍不住了，将满腔怒火发泄了出来，原原本本地告诉办公室里每个人他对他们的看法。unleash [sth] vtr (attack) (攻击等)发起；发动The general unleashed his forces on the enemy camp.unleash [sth] vtr (dog) (狗链等)放开, 解开The dog was straining to get free, so Janine unleashed him.unload [sth] vtr (remove items from: a vehicle)从…卸货；卸（货）Is there anyone available to help me unload the van?unload [sth] vtr (fire: a gun)让（枪）射出子弹The hunter unloaded the gun into the bear, and it immediately fell to the ground.unload [sth] vtr informal, figurative (tell, divulge)倾诉（心事）；通过倾诉摆脱…的思想包袱She unloaded all her fears on me.unlock [sth] vtr (open lock)开锁Rachel took out her keys and unlocked the door.unlock [sth] vtr figurative (make accessible) (资金等)释放，使…可用The company needs money, so it is selling assets to unlock some capital.unlock [sth] vtr figurative (provide key to)解开；开启The academic's research had unlocked one of the greatest mysteries of the ancient world.unlock [sth] vtr figurative (release) (情绪等)释放，放出His wife's unkind words unlocked a torrent of anger that had been building in William for years.unlock [sth] vtr (device: access) (设备)开启；解锁Enter your pin to unlock the screen.unlock [sth] vtr (phone: open to any network) (手机)解锁；开启锁屏You need to unlock the phone in order to use it on a different network.unloose [sb], unloose [sth], unloosen vtr (untie)解开, 松开unloose [sb], unloose [sth], unloosen vtr figurative (set free)释放, 放走unmake [sth] vtr (undo)使还原；撤销；取消unmake [sth] vtr (destroy)毁灭；摧毁unmitigated by [sth] adj + prep (not lessened by)未被...缓和的, 未被...减轻的The summer heat was unmitigated by the faintest breeze.unmuzzle [sth/sb] vtr (remove muzzle)取下…的嘴套unpack [sth] vtr (unload contents of)把…中的东西取出Would you like me to unpack your bags for you, sir?unpack [sth] vtr (remove from a container)拆封；拆除…的包装We unpacked the parts and found that some were missing.拆封后，我们发现少了些零件。unpack [sth] vtr figurative (analyze, consider)分析The students had a discussion to try to unpack the complicated concept.unpack [sth] vtr (computing: decompress)解压unpacking of [sth] n figurative (words: analysis of meaning)阐释…的意思The unpacking of the meaning of academic texts can be very challenging for students.unpick [sth] vtr (undo: stitches) (指缝线、针脚)拆开, 拆去unpick [sth] vtr figurative (undo, destroy)取消，破坏unpin [sth] vtr (undo by removing pins)取下…的别针；打开unplug [sth] vtr (disconnect from mains)拔去电源插头；不插电Steve unplugged his mobile phone charger.unplug [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (disconnect from mains)拔去…的电源插头Unplug the TV from the mains before you go to sleep at night.unplug [sth] vtr (unblock)排除…障碍；去掉…障碍物Maria used a plunger to unplug the sink.unprepared for [sth] adj + prep (not ready for)没有做好…的准备；没有准备好Kate was unprepared for the test because she had not done any revision.unprepared for [sth] adj + prep (not expecting)没有做好…的心理准备；没料到I was unprepared for the news George gave me.unprepared to do [sth] expr (not willing)不愿意做The strikers were unprepared to return to work without the factory meeting all of their demands.如工厂无法满足罢工者的要求，他们将不愿回去工作。unprovided with [sth] adj + prep (not equipped with [sth])没有提供...的；没有给予...的；没有配备...的unravel [sth] vtr (knitted garment) (绳索、毛线等)解开，拆开Marilyn decided she didn't like the cardigan, so she unravelled it and started again.玛丽莲认定了自己不喜欢这件开衫，所以将它拆了重新织过。unravel [sth] vtr figurative (explain, solve)弄清楚；阐明；解开The detective managed to unravel the mystery.这名侦探成功解开了谜团。unreceptive to [sth] adj + prep (not open to: new ideas, etc.)不乐于接受...的unreel [sth] vtr (unwind)展开；解开unrelated to [sth] adj + prep (not connected to)和…无关These figures are unrelated to the ones we looked at earlier.unroll [sth] vtr (unravel, open out)展开；铺开；打开The shopkeeper unrolled the rug and showed it to the customer.unsaddle [sth] vtr (remove saddle from: a horse)卸下…的鞍unsay [sth] vtr (retract: [sth] said) (指说过的话)撤消, 收回unscramble [sth] vtr (put into coherent order)整理；破译The spy tried to unscramble the transmission.unscrew [sth] vtr (undo a screw)把...旋开；将...旋松unscrew [sth] vtr (open [sth] by turning)旋开Abi unscrewed the lid and poured herself a glass of lemonade.unseal [sth] vtr (open by breaking a seal)开启…的封印；开封unseal [sth] vtr (remove constraints on access, reveal)给...解除限制； (比喻)给...松绑；揭露unsettle [sb/sth] vtr (trouble, make uneasy)扰乱；使不安The recent series of burglaries in the neighbourhood has unsettled many local residents.unshackle [sth/sb] vtr (free, remove restraints from)释放；使…自由；解放unsheathe [sth] vtr (remove from protective cover)除去…覆盖物；去除…保护层The robber unsheathed a knife and told me to give him my wallet.be unskilled in [sth] v expr (not competent or practised in)对…不在行；拙于；不擅长Jeremy was unskilled in motor mechanics, to say the least.unsnap [sth] vtr informal (undo: press studs, etc.) (非正式用语, 指搭扣等)松开；解开unsnarl [sth] vtr (untangle)解开, 松开；清理, 整理unstaple [sth] vtr (remove staples from)去掉…的订书钉，去除…的订书钉unstick [sth] vtr (free, loosen)扯开；松开unstick [sth] vtr UK (airplane: cause to fly)使...起飞unstitch [sth] vtr (undo stitching)对...拆线，拆掉...的缝合线unstock [sth] vtr (remove stock)清除…的库存unstop [sth] vtr (remove a cork or plug from)拔去...的塞子；从...中拔掉塞子unstring [sth] vtr (remove string from: beads, etc.) (珠子等)去除…的细绳unstring [sth] vtr (unfasten, loosen strings of)解开…的细绳，松开…的细绳unsubscribe [sb] from [sth] vtr + prep (remove [sb] from a list, etc.)把某人从…上移除I haven't received any more letters since I called and asked them to unsubscribe me from their mailing list.unsupportive of [sb/sth] adj + prep (not in agreement with)不同意，不赞成Tim was disappointed that his boss was unsupportive of his ideas to improve efficiency.unsure (of/about [sth]) adj (person: uncertain about [sth]) (人)无把握的，不确定的He's unsure whether he'll be able to come with us.untangle [sth] vtr (free from knots or twists)解开…的结Sophie untangled the knot in her shoelace.untangle [sth] vtr figurative (clarify)解决，解开（纷乱之局）；整理，梳理The detective eventually untangled the mystery of the stolen painting.untangle [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep figurative (separate, distinguish)将…从…中分开It is the judge's job to untangle the truth from the lies in this murder case.untether [sth] vtr (untie)解开；解下untether [sb/sth] vtr figurative (free from constraint)将...解开untie [sth] vtr (knot, string: unfasten)解开…的结See if you can untie this knot.untie [sth/sb] vtr (person, animal: set free)放开；使自由Someone untied the horses and they wandered off.untwine [sth] vtr (things twisted together: undo)解开untwine [sth] vtr ([sth] encircling [sth]: undo)散开untwist [sth] vtr (remove by turning)拧开；解开untwist [sth] vtr (straighten, unwind)解开；把扭在一起的东西弄直；把卷在一起的东西展开unused to [sth] prep (not accustomed to)不习惯；不适应She enjoyed the meal, but she was unused to such rich food.unveil [sth] vtr figurative (reveal for first time)首次公开，公布；首次展示The CEO unveiled his plans to improve the business.首席执行官公布了自己的业务改进计划。unveil [sth] vtr (uncover to show for first time)揭幕The Queen unveiled the new statue.unveil [sth] vtr (remove veil from)揭开蒙在…上的面纱；揭开…上的覆盖物The bride unveiled her face, so that her new husband could kiss her.unversed in [sth] adj + prep (not educated in [sth])对...不熟悉的, 对...不了解的unvoice [sth] vtr (say without vocal chords)无声说出unwilling to do [sth] adj (reluctant to do [sth])不愿意做某事；不情愿做某事The manager was unwilling to make people redundant just before Christmas, but his superiors had instructed him to do so.经理不愿意在快过圣诞节时裁员，但上司命令他这么做。unwilling to accept [sth] expr (intolerant of)无法接受；不能容忍Some people are still unwilling to accept gay marriage.unwilling to accept [sth] expr (in denial of)不接受；不同意She was unwilling to accept that her daughter wasn't coming back.unwillingness to do [sth] n (reluctance to do)不愿意做Johan's unwillingness to serve on the committee took us all by surprise.unwind [sth] vtr (string, etc.) (让缠绕成圈的绳索等)松开，解开，散开Edward unwound the hosepipe and switched on the tap. Alison unwound some thread from the reel to sew on the button.爱德华展开卷成一团的软管，打开水龙头。艾莉森从线轴上抽出线来缝扣子。unwind [sth] vtr (cord: straighten, untangle)展开；解开Gerry tried to unwind the telephone cord.unworthy to do [sth] expr (not good enough)不值得做；不配做That man is unworthy to be her husband.那个男人不配做她的丈夫。unworthy of [sth/sb] adj + prep (not deserving [sth])配不上；不应得Adriana felt unworthy of the award.unwrap [sth] vtr (open: package, gift) (礼物、包裹等)打开, 撕开, 展开, 解开Emma unwrapped her birthday present excitedly.unyoke [sth] vtr (detach, unfasten)拆卸；解开；分开unzip [sth] vtr (undo the zipper of)拉开…的拉链Louise unzipped her jacket and took it off.unzip [sth] vtr (extract: computer files) (电脑文件)解压缩Once the download has finished, you will need to unzip the file and run the installer.下载完成后，你需要解压文件并运行安装程序。up [sth] vtr slang (increase) (俚语)增加, 提高The band upped the number of shows in their tour.这个乐队增加了巡回演出的场数。up and do [sth] v expr (do [sth] unexpectedly)突然起身做With that, the old man upped and left the room.One day, the cat upped and ran away.up by [sth] prep (increased: by amount)增加了，上升了up for [sth] prep (due for: renewal, etc.)将要...；就要...He is up for promotion in the spring.到了春天，他将升职。up for [sth] prep informal (keen, willing)愿意...；乐意..We are going to a party. Are you up for it?我们去参加聚会。 你去吗？up for doing [sth] expr informal (keen, willing to do)乐意做某事；有兴趣做某事I asked Tracey if she was up for coming with me on the trip.up on [sth] prep slang (aware of, up-to-date on [sth])了解…的最新动态My sister is really up on the latest fashions.up on [sth] prep US, informal (confident about [sth])对...有信心；相信...I'm up on this stock.up on [sth] prep informal (informed about [sth])了解；知道；知情She is up on the news from Europe.be up to [sth] v expr informal (be capable of)有能力做到…的；能胜任…的Are you sure you are up to this job?你确定你能胜任这份工作了吗？be up to doing [sth] v expr informal (be capable of doing)能够；有能力Alice should apply for the manager's job; I think she is up to running the department.爱丽丝应该申请经理的工作，我认为她有能力管理这个部门。be up to [sth] v expr (be fit enough for)有能力做某事；能胜任；做得了某事We can go for a walk after lunch, if you think you are up to it.午饭后我们可以出去散散步，如果你觉得自己可以的话。be up to doing [sth] v expr (be fit enough to do)能胜任I can run 5K, but I'm not yet up to running a marathon.我可以跑5千米，但还没到能跑马拉松的程度。be up to [sth] v expr informal (be busy with)忙于；从事；干某事What have you been up to since I last saw you?自从我们上次见面后你都忙些什么呢？be up to [sth] v expr informal (be doing: [sth] suspicious)在搞什么名堂；在干什么The shopkeeper asked the mischievous little boy what he was up to.店主问那个顽皮的小男孩在干什么。be up to [sth] v expr informal (be scheming)在谋划；在密谋I don't know what he's planning, but he's definitely up to something!我不知道他要做什么，但他肯定在筹划什么！be up to [sb] to do [sth] adv + prep (be [sb]'s responsibility)由…来…；由…负责…It's up to you to decide where we go tonight.由你决定今晚我们去哪里。up to [sth] adv + prep (to a maximum of)最多The judge warned the prisoner that he could be facing up to ten years in jail.法官警告囚犯，他可能面临最多十年的监禁。up to [sth] adv + prep (to a higher level) (更高水平)升至，达至We took the elevator up to the tenth floor.up to par with [sth/sb] expr (at the same level as)与...标准一致；合乎...的标准upbraid [sb] for [sth] vtr + prep formal (reprimand for)为某事训斥某人The headteacher upbraided the pupils for their rudeness.upbraid [sb] for doing [sth] v expr formal (reprimand for doing)为做了某事训斥某人The teacher upbraided Ginny for failing to learn her times tables.upcycle [sth] vtr (revamp and repurpose)改造，升级再造update [sth] vtr (information: make more current)为…提供更新的消息We will update the list tonight.我们今晚会更新清单。update [sth] vtr (computing) (计算机硬件等)更新We will update the web site tonight.我们今晚会更新网站。update [sth] vtr (modernize)使...现代化；使...跟上时代；翻新We updated the house after moving in.搬进去之后，我们翻新了这幢房子。upend [sth] vtr (position on its end)颠倒放置, 倒放Vivianne upended the sugar jar into the cookie mixture.upend [sth] vtr figurative (overturn, defeat)推翻；倾覆The knights wanted to upend the king and take over the throne.upend [sth] vtr figurative (change drastically)彻底改变After the fire, the principal upended the school's crisis plans.upgrade [sth] vtr (install newer software) (计算机)安装升级软件，升级（软件）Glenn is upgrading his operating system.格伦正在升级操作系统。upgrade [sb] to [sth] vtr (better seat, hotel, etc.) (入住的酒店房型，机舱座位级别等)为某人升级成； (机舱座位升级)为某人升舱至The airline company upgraded Dan to business class.航空公司为丹升舱至商务舱。upgrade [sth] vtr (increase rating of)提高…的级别The government has upgraded the terror threat level from low to moderate.upgrade [sth] vtr (mobile phone: get newer model) (手机)升级，对…进行升级换代Some people upgrade their phone every time a new model comes out, others keep the same phone for years.有些人每次新机型一面世就会对自己的手机进行升级换代，其他人则会同一部手机使用多年。uphold [sth] vtr figurative (maintain through effort)维护；支持；维持The right-wing government was determined to uphold the established order, despite calls for change.尽管对变革的呼声不断，但右翼政府还是决心维护既定秩序。uphold [sth] vtr (law verdict, courts) (判决)维持；赞同；认同The judge upheld the decision of the lower court.法官维持下级法院的判决。uphold [sth/sb] vtr (physically hold up) (向上抬)举起, 托起Oak beams uphold the ceiling and floor above.upholster [sth] vtr (furniture: cover with fabric) (家具等)为...装上套子；给...装套垫Sylvia completed an apprenticeship in how to upholster furniture.uplift [sth] vtr (raise, lift up)举起, 举高Seismic events uplifted a section of the valley.upload [sth] vtr (transfer: computer data) (电脑数据)上传，上载Eugene promised to upload the files by the end of the day.尤金承诺在当天下班前把文件传上去。upload [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (computer data: transfer to) (计算机数据)把…上传到…Tina uploaded the photo to a social networking website.蒂娜将照片上传到社交网站。upraise [sth] vtr (lift [sth])举起；提高uprear [sth] vtr (raise)举起, 提高, 抬高, 抬起；养育, 抚养uproot [sth] vtr (plants: pull from the earth) (植物等)连根拔起, 根除The gardener uprooted the plant and tossed it aside.uproot [sth] vtr figurative (remove violently)把…赶出家园；使…背井离乡The tornado uprooted the entire house and ripped its roof off.upscale [sth] vtr mainly US (improve, upgrade)提高；提升Developers are planning to upscale the neighborhood.upsell [sth], up-sell [sth] vtr (sell [sth] extra)增销upset [sth] vtr (invalidate)推翻；使...无效This new information has upset everything we had thought was correct.upset [sth] vtr (overturn) (情势等)击败, 打败；翻转The new politician upset the older candidate's majority.upstage [sb/sth] vtr (outdo, be more impressive than)盖过…的风头；抢…镜头；比…更吸引人The young actor upstages many of the more well-known stars in the film.upsurge in [sth] n (large increase in [sth])飙升；猛增Recently, there has been an upsurge in violent crime.uptake of [sth] n uncountable (taking, using)使用；采用The government provides incentives to encourage the uptake of alternative sources of energy.政府推出激励措施，鼓励人们使用替代能源。upturn in [sth] n (improvement in [sth])在…方面情况好转Lucy had an upturn in fortune when she found a new job with better pay.upturn [sth] vtr (overturn, knock over)翻转；翻起Tony upturned a rock and found dozens of ants underneath it.upvote [sth/sb] vtr (click in approval)赞同；点赞urbanize [sth], also UK: urbanise [sth] vtr (build up, develop: an area)使城市化；使都市化urge [sb], urge [sb] to do [sth] vtr (encourage) (具积极性的)催促某人做某事；怂恿某人做某事；鼓励某人做某事；激励某人做某事Helen's teacher urged her to apply for a university place.海伦的老师催促她赶紧申请大学。urge [sth] upon [sb] vtr + prep (impress importance of)向…强调…The preacher urged the importance of helping the poor upon his congregation.牧师向教众强调帮助穷苦之人的重要性。use [sth] vtr (employ)利用；使用He uses various tools to build furniture.他用各种工具来制作家具。use [sth] vtr (avail yourself of)利用；使用I often use the local library to borrow books.我经常去地方图书馆，从那里借书。use [sth] vtr (exercise)运用；动用You need to use your brain more often.你需要多动动脑子。use [sth/sb] as [sth] vtr + conj (put to a certain purpose)把…用作…，用…作为…The adder uses its tail as a lure.蝰蛇把它的尾巴用作诱饵。use [sth] vtr (habitually consume substance) (习惯)使用；服用He has taken to using cocaine.他已染上吸可卡因的恶习。use [sth] to your advantage v expr (exploit for personal gain)将...作为优势；利用My father went to this university, so I'm going to use that to my advantage and mention it in my application essay.use [sth] wisely v expr (employ [sth] in a discerning way)明智使用；巧妙使用；妥善使用A president must know how to use his power wisely.used for [sth] adj + prep (utilized for [sth])用于This kettle is used for green tea only.这个壶是专门用于泡制绿茶的。used for doing [sth] expr (utilized for [sth])用于做Pencils are used for writing.铅笔是用于书写的工具。used to do [sth], used to be [sth] v expr (did, was habitually)过去经常；从前常常备注: Used only in simple past tense.I used to go to the local church when I was young.I used to be very shy.小的时候，我常常去本地的教堂。// 我从前非常害羞。usurp [sth] vtr (take over, take possession of)夺取，强夺；篡夺The rebels were hoping to usurp the king's power.utilize [sth], also UK: utilise [sth] vtr formal (put [sth] to practical use)将…投入实用；应用Two methods were utilized to estimate the population.utilize [sth], also UK: utilise [sth] vtr formal (make, find use for [sth])利用；使用The school utilized the old stables and converted them into three classrooms.utter [sth] vtr (say)讲；说；表达Ian didn't utter a word in the meeting.vacate [sth] vtr (leave: a hotel room, etc.) (指旅店房间)空出, 腾出Guests must vacate their rooms before 11am.vacate [sth] vtr (leave: a position) (指职位)辞去, 腾出Watson vacated his position as mayor.vacate [sth] vtr formal (law: cancel, annul) (法律)取消；废除The supreme court vacated the law.vaccinate [sb/sth] vtr (inoculate)给…注射疫苗；给…接种疫苗It is important to vaccinate the elderly because they are more vulnerable to the flu.vaccinate [sb/sth] against [sth] vtr + prep (inoculate against disease)给…接种疫苗；打疫苗Parents need to vaccinate their children against the measles.vacuum [sth], also UK: Hoover, hoover vtr (clean by vacuuming)用吸尘器打扫Julia vacuumed the carpet. I vacuum the living room every day.茱莉亚用吸尘器打扫地毯。我每天都用吸尘器打扫客厅。vail [sth] vtr (remove in respect: hat)脱帽validate [sth] vtr (confirm, corroborate)确认；证实The police asked the suspect's girlfriend to validate his alibi.The academic quoted facts and figures to validate her argument.validate [sth] vtr (give legal force)使…具有法律效力；使…生效The Queen validated the new law.validate [sth] vtr (ticket: stamp as valid) (票)验证；核验When you board the bus, don't forget to validate your ticket.validate [sth] vtr US (obtain proof of parking)提供（停车）优惠The store owner will validate your parking by stamping your ticket.valorize [sth], also UK: valorise [sth] vtr (ascribe value to [sth])给…定价；给…估价valorize [sth], also UK: valorise [sth] vtr (fix the price of [sth])限定…的价格valuate [sth] vtr (value)为…估价；对…估值The estate agent valuated the property at £250,000.value [sb/sth] vtr (consider the importance of)重视；珍视Our company values its people.我们公司重视员工。value [sth] vtr (appraise, give a price)给…估价；给…定价The appraiser is going to value the house.估价师会来给房子估价。valve [sth] vtr (fit with a valve)给…装阀vamp [sth] vtr (shoe: attach a vamp) (鞋面)把…换新，把…翻新The cobbler called and said he will be done vamping your shoes tomorrow.van [sth/sb] vtr (move by van)用小货车搬运；运送The delivery company vanned the goods to the customer.vandalize [sth], also UK: vandalise [sth] vtr (public property: damage) (对公共财物)肆意破坏，任意损坏The police have arrested two youths who vandalized a statue.vanquish [sb/sth] vtr literary (defeat)击败；战胜；征服The army vanquished the enemy.vape [sth] vtr informal (use: an e-cigarette) (指电子烟)吸，抽I'd rather vape an e-cigarette than smoke.vaporize [sth], also UK: vaporise [sth] vtr (turn [sth] into vapour)使蒸发；使汽化；使挥发variegate [sth] vtr (streak with colour)使…颜色斑驳；使…色彩丰富；使…呈杂色variegate [sth] vtr formal (give variety to) (正式用语)使...多样化varnish [sth] vtr (apply varnish to)给…涂亮光漆；涂清漆Dad's varnishing bookcases in the garage.vary [sth] vtr (change, alter)改变；修改Rachel likes to vary the outfits she wears to work.vault [sth] vtr (jump over)跳过，跳跃过；撑杆跳过；撑手跳过In a single bound, Adam vaulted the gate.亚当从门上一跃而过。vault over [sth] vi + prep (jump over [sth])跳跃；跳过；跃过The crowds began vaulting over the security barriers and the police couldn't hold them back.人们纷纷越过警戒护栏，警察无法阻挡。vault [sb/sth] vtr figurative (cause to achieve [sth])使…实现；使…获得His first movie vaulted him to fame.vault [sth] vtr (provide with arched roof)给…建拱顶The Watsons vaulted the ceiling in their family room to give it a more spacious feel.vaunt [sth] vtr (boast about, show off)自夸；自吹Mark drives me crazy because he is always vaunting his intelligence.vector [sth] vtr (guide an aircraft)引导；领航veil of [sth] n figurative ([sth] that covers/conceals) (比喻)面纱，遮盖物，幕备注: 如雨幕、神秘的面纱等Internet trolls hide behind a veil of anonymity.网络暴民躲在“匿名”的遮盖之下。veil [sth/sb] vtr (cover with veil)以面纱遮掩，用面纱遮住The bride veiled her face.新娘用面纱遮住脸。veil [sth] vtr figurative (conceal)遮盖，遮掩；掩饰，掩盖William managed to veil his dislike of his work colleague.威廉设法将对同事的厌恶掩盖了起来。vend [sth] vtr (sell)出售；贩卖veneer [sth] vtr (cover with veneer)给…镶饰板The carpenter veneered the table.venerate [sb/sth] vtr (revere, consider sacred) (对神)崇拜The Ancient Romans venerated the god of wine, Bacchus.vent [sth] vtr ([sb]: anger, frustration) (怒火、沮丧等)发泄，宣泄Sometimes, when Linda has a bad day at work, she needs to vent her frustration when she gets home.有时候琳达在工作中不顺心，回到家后就需要将这种挫败感发泄出来。vent [sth] vtr (air, gasses) (水、气等)放出, 排出The extractor hood vents odours and grease out of the kitchen.ventilate [sth] vtr (allow air to circulate through)使通风；使通气We ventilated the room by opening the window.ventilate [sb/sth] vtr UK, slang, dated (shoot) (过时俚语)射杀ventilate [sth] vtr figurative (discuss, examine)检视；讨论；检验venture [sth] vtr (dare to do: [sth] risky)冒险；大胆行事The stuntman ventured an attempt at jumping over three buses on a motorbike.特技替身演员冒险骑摩托车跳过三辆公交车。venture [sth] vtr (hazard: a guess)大胆猜测，冒险猜测Mary's colleague ventured that her evident happiness was due to a new love in her life.玛丽的同事大胆猜测，她之所以那么开心，是因为拥有了一位新情人。venture [sth] vtr (dare to say)大胆地说，放胆来说，勇敢地提出…The young executive ventured that the boss's favourite client was cheating the company.那位年轻的执行官勇敢地提出，老板最喜欢的客户其实在骗公司的钱。venture to do [sth] vi + prep (dare: to do [sth])冒险做某事After months of liking her, James finally ventured to ask Miranda out.喜欢她好几个月后，詹姆士终于冒险约她出来。venture [sth] vtr (brave dangers of)冒…的险The captain had ventured the seas for years.多年来，船长一直在汪洋大海上冒险。venture [sth] vtr (expose [sth] to risk)用…来投机，用…作赌注；拿…冒险The businessman ventured his house as capital for his project. Lara ventured her life to help those infected by the virus.商人拿他的房产冒险，那它作为项目的资本。拉菈拿自己的生命冒险，去救助那些遭病毒感染的人。venture to say [sth], venture to say that vtr (daresay, be so bold as to say)敢说，冒昧地说I would venture to say that most people are living with the discontentment of envious feelings.verbalize [sth], also UK: verbalise [sth] vtr (articulate, express [sth] in words)用语言表达；描述；表述verify [sth] vtr (confirm)证实，核实，确认The police verified the suspect's alibi by checking with his friends.警方通过与其朋友核实，证实了嫌疑人当时不在场。verify [sth] vtr (science: by repeating) (科学)核实, 证实The scientist verified the experiment by repeating it and achieving the same results.versed in [sth] adj + prep (knowledgeable about)精通的；造诣深的James was versed in literature and philosophy.versify [sth] vtr (turn into poetry)用诗表达...vest [sth] in [sb] vtr + prep usually passive (endow [sb] with authority) (以权威)赋予某人某物；将某物赐予某人The US Constitution vests power in the President to command the armed forces.vest [sb] with [sth] vtr + prep usually passive (endow [sb] with authority)赋予某人；授予某人The judge is vested with the authority to decide on the punishment that a guilty party should receive.vested in [sb/sth] adj + prep (power: invested, placed in) (权力等)被赋予给…，被授予给…，归于…Power to make such decisions is vested solely in the budget committee.只有预算委员会有权做出此类决定。；vet [sb/sth] vtr (review and approve)调查；检查Government offices have to vet all new recruits carefully.veto [sth] vtr (law: block, vote against) (法律)否决, 反对The governor vowed to veto the bill allowing same-sex marriage.veto [sth] vtr figurative (forbid)禁止；反对Mum vetoed the idea of our staying an extra night.vial [sth] vtr (put in vial)把…装入小瓶The researcher vialed the antidote and rushed it to the patient.vibe to [sth] vi + prep informal (enjoy music) (音乐)享受An old song came on the radio and my mum started vibing to it.收音机上传来一首老歌，我妈妈很享受。vibrate [sth] vtr (make [sth] quiver)使…震动；使…颤动Every time I turn on my miter saw, it vibrates my workbench and causes tools to fall on the ground.每次我开动斜切锯，它都会使我的工作台震动，让所有工具都掉到地上。video [sth] vtr (film on a camcorder)录制；录制Laura videoed her kids' school play.劳拉录下了她孩子的校园舞台剧。video [sth] vtr (record to video cassette) (在盒式录像带上)录，录制Tim was going out, so he videoed his favourite show to watch later.提姆打算出门，所以他录制下了最喜欢的节目，以便回来后观看。videotape [sth] vtr (record on videocassette)用录像带记录Police videotaped the interview and it was later used as evidence to convict the suspect.vie for [sth] vi + prep (compete for [sth])竞争Tomorrow you young athletes will vie for a blue ribbon.vie with [sb] for [sth] v expr (compete)竞争Hundreds of candidates are vying for 30 seats in the assembly.view [sth] vtr (inspect, survey)视察；查看The politicians viewed the disaster area.政界人士视察了灾区。view [sth] vtr (consider, opinion)认为；把…视作Many people view tattoos negatively.很多人认为纹身不好。view [sth] vtr often passive (watch: video, etc.)观看；查看A million people have viewed that clip of the talking cat.有100万人已经观看过那个说话猫咪的小短片。view [sth] with [sth] vtr + prep (regard in some way)认为；看待I view that idea with suspicion.view [sth] vtr (potential buyer: inspect a house)看房Before we bought this house, we viewed five others.购买这房子之前，我们还看了其他5栋。view [sth] as [sth] vtr + prep (regard in some way)把…看作…，把…视为…，认为…是…The government viewed the latest scandal as a disaster.政府把最近一次丑闻看作是一场灾难。view as [sth] vtr (consider to be)视作；视为I view your shortcomings as a challenge.vindicate [sth] vtr (justify) (属实、正当、有效等)证明；表明The victory vindicated the decision the tennis player had taken to change his coach.vindicate [sth] vtr (offer justification for, defend)辩护；维护violate [sth] vtr (rule, law: transgress)违反；违犯；违背His behaviour violated the rules of civil discourse.violate [sth] vtr (sacred object: desecrate) (神圣)亵渎The crowd gasped as the man violated the shrine.vise [sth] vtr US (clamp in a vise)钳住，紧紧夹住Vise both ends of the board to immobilize it.visit [sth] vtr (go to see [sth])参观；游览On our trip, we visited many monuments.旅游时，我们参观了许多名胜古迹。visit [sth] vtr (go to, come to a place)前往…参观；游览We're going to visit the coast.我们要去游览海岸。visit [sth] vtr (stop at)在…稍作停留；逗留I need to visit the drug store.我需要在药店稍作停留。visit [sth] vtr (be a guest in, at)在…做客；在…居留Many celebrities visit this hotel.visit [sth] vtr (inspect officially)视察；巡视The general visited the soldiers of the 552nd M.P. Company.visit [sth] vtr (view website) (网络上)访问Please visit our website for more information.获悉更多信息请访问我们的网站。visualize [sth], also UK: visualise [sth] vtr (picture in the mind)在脑中设想A sketch will help you to visualize your garden design.vitalize [sth], also UK: vitalise [sth] vtr (enliven, invigorate [sth])使…活跃；给…以活力；使充满生机vitiate, vitiate [sth] vtr (Law: invalidate) (法律)使…无效，使…失效，使…作废vitiate [sth] vtr (weaken, make ineffective)消弱；贬损；削弱vitiate [sth] vtr (corrupt, destroy)使…腐坏；破坏；损害vitrify [sth] vtr (change into glass)使...成玻璃状vivify [sth] vtr (liven up)使…有生气；使…活跃；使…有活力vivisect [sth] vtr (experiment on: a live animal)对…进行活体解剖vocalize [sth], also UK: vocalise [sth] vtr (voice, say [sth] aloud)大声说出；大声发出…声音vociferate [sth] vtr (say loudly)大声说；大声喊叫；叫喊voice [sth] vtr (express, state)表达；表露The Senator voiced his opposition to the legislation.void of [sth] adj + prep (lacking)没有的；缺乏的She was void of any sense of humour.她缺乏幽默感。void [sth] vtr (invalidate)使无效；使作废He voided the tickets when we got on the bus.我们上车以后，他便把票勾销作废了。void [sth] vtr (empty)疏空；撤空They voided the building of all its occupants.void [sth] vtr (physiology: evacuate) (生理学)排空, 清空（肠胃等）The laxatives helped him to void his bowels.volatilize [sth], also UK: volatilise [sth] vtr (chemistry: make volatile) (化学)使…挥发volley [sth] vtr (tennis: return ball) (网球运动中的)截击球Anna volleyed the ball past her opponent to win the point.volunteer [sth] vtr (offer: time, services, etc.)自愿提供（时间、服务）Thank you to those who have volunteered their time and talents to make this project a success.感谢那些自愿投入时间和才智让该项目取得成功的人。volunteer to do [sth] v expr (offer to do [sth])自愿做某事Stella volunteered to go first.史黛拉自愿先去。volunteer [sth] vtr (information: give unprompted) (信息)主动提供；自发提供'I think the answer is 10,' the student volunteered.“答案是10！”那位学生自告奋勇地说。volunteer [sth] vtr (offer)主动提供；自愿提供She volunteered her help for the weekend.vortex of [sth] n figurative (emotional: whirlwind) (情感)漩涡Janet's mind was a vortex of mixed emotions.vote [sth] vtr (to declare)公认；共同认为Their new teacher was quickly voted a bore by the class.vote against [sb/sth] vi + prep (register one's opposition to)投票反对I'm so angry at that politician that I will definitely vote against her at the next election.vote for [sth/sb] vi + prep (register one's approval of, elect)投票支持Who will you vote for in the upcoming election?vote on [sth] vi + prep (give your opinion by ballot)就…投票；为…投票vouch for [sth] vi + prep (defend, corroborate)为…担保；为…证明I can vouch for his honesty; I even trust him with the keys to my own house.vouchsafe [sb] [sth] vtr formal (bestow, give [sth])给予某人某物；赐予某人某物；赋予某人某物'You may speak two thousand words, fair woman,' Falstaff said, 'and I will vouchsafe you the hearing.' - William Shakespearevouchsafe [sb] to do [sth] v expr formal (deign to allow [sth])恩准某人做某事；准许某人做某事If you would vouchsafe me to speak, I am sure I can explain all of this to your satisfaction.如果您准许我说话，我一定能给您一个满意的解释。vouchsafe [sth] vtr formal (reveal [sth])透露；告知The client refused to vouchsafe the information he had regarding the upcoming trial.vouchsafe to do [sth] v expr formal (promise to do [sth])允诺Lord Alderton vouchsafed to deliver the young people safely home after the ball.vow to do [sth] v expr (promise to do [sth])发誓要做某事Patricia vowed to make the world a better place.帕特丽夏发誓要构建一个更美好的世界。vow to do [sth] v expr (make marriage commitment) (结婚时)发誓要做某事，保证要做某事The happy couple vowed to love and honour each other for as long as they both should live.vulcanize [sth], also UK: vulcanise vtr (rubber: subject to heat treatment) (在橡胶中掺入硫磺加热使其硬而结实)使硫化，使硬化vulgarize [sth], also UK: vulgarise [sth] vtr (popularize [sth])使…通俗化；使…大众化；使…普及化vulgarize [sth], also UK: vulgarise [sth] vtr (debase, make [sth] vulgar)使…庸俗化；使…粗俗化；俗化…vulnerability to [sth] n uncountable (susceptibility to [sth])脆弱性Vulnerability to disease can increase due to poor nutrition.vulnerable to [sth] adj + prep (open to: attack, etc.)易受…攻击的；易受…伤害的Pearl Harbor was vulnerable to attack because it was approachable from any direction.从任何方向都能接近珍珠港，所以该港容易受到攻击。wad [sth] vtr (form into mass)使成一团wad [sth] vtr (pad, stuff)填充；填塞wad [sth] vtr (put a wad into: a gun)用…填塞；塞进Wad the guns after the charge is loaded.wade into [sth] vi + prep (walk into: deep water or mud)抨击，攻击；猛烈袭击，强行介入Joe waded into the water to see how deep it was.wade into [sth] vi + prep figurative (enter: an argument) (辩论、争执等)强行介入Don't wade into their arguments about money.wade into [sth] vi + prep figurative (intervene)抨击，攻击；猛烈袭击，强行介入Both the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition have waded into the situation by commenting on the scandal.wade through [sth] vi + prep (walk through: deep water or mud)吃力地做完；费劲地处理It rained so much I had to wade through water to get to my house.wade through [sth] vi + prep figurative (work through: [sth] tedious)吃力地做完；费劲地处理完I'm too tired to wade through all this work tonight. I'll do it tomorrow.我太累了，今天晚上是处理不完这些工作了，明天再说吧。waft [sth] vtr (carry on the air)随风飘送；使…飘荡A gentle breeze wafted the scent of flowers to my nose.wag [sth] vtr (tail: move up and down)摇（尾巴）；摆（尾）The dog wagged its tail when its owner got home from work.主人上班回家时，狗朝他摇尾巴。wag [sth] vtr (move [sth] up and down)摇动；摆动The man was shouting and wagging his finger.那个人一边吼叫，一边左右摇动手指。wag [sth] vtr mainly AU, slang (play truant)旷（课）；逃（学）Scott wagged school to hang out with his friends.wage [sth] vtr (conduct)进行，展开，发起vtrThat newspaper is trying to damage the celebrity's reputation by waging a campaign of negative publicity.通过展开一场负面宣传运动，那家报纸正在试图破坏那位名人的声誉。wage war on [sb/sth] v expr (launch an attack)向...发动战争；向...宣战wage war on [sth] v expr figurative (attack)发动战争Cameron waged war on Brown's new economic policies.wager [sth] vtr (money, bet)下赌注；打赌Ben wagered £100 on the race.wager [sth], wager that [sth] vtr (with clause: bet)打赌Dawn wagered the new trainee would last less than a month.waggle [sth] vtr (move from side to side)来回摇摆；左右晃动James waggled his finger at me as if I were a naughty child.waggle [sth] vtr (make practice swings: golf club) (高尔夫球杆)将…在球附近稍稍来回摆动The golfer lined up her shot and waggled her club in preparation.wait for [sb/sth] vi + prep (await)等待；等I'm waiting for someone special.我正在等一个特别的人。wait for [sb/sth] to do [sth] vi + prep (await [sth])等待…做…，等…做…We are going to wait for the office to open.我们要去等办公室开门。wait [sth] for [sb] vtr + prep US, informal (postpone, delay)为…推迟（开饭）Please wait lunch for me; I'll be there in a moment.请为我推迟午饭时间，我很快就到。wait on [sb/sth] vi + prep (await)等；等待Rachel was waiting on her brother's arrival.蕾切尔正在等她哥哥来。waive [sth] vtr (law: right) (司法)弃（权），放弃The suspect waived his right to have a solicitor present during the police interview.嫌犯放弃了在被警察询问时要有律师在场的权利。waive [sth] vtr (requirement, fee)放弃（要求），免除（费用）The lawyer waived his fee for the case.律师免了这个案子的代理费。walk to [sth] vi + prep (travel somewhere on foot)步行去…，走路去…The children always walk to school.孩子们总是走路去上学。；walk on [sth] vi + prep (set foot somewhere)踏上；落足Buzz Aldrin was the second man to walk on the moon.巴兹·奥尔德林是第二个登上月球的人。walk [sth] vtr (pace)踱步于；在…上走动She walked the floor, worrying about what was going to happen.她来回踱步，担心将要发生的事。walk [sth] vtr (dog: take for a walk)遛（狗）Jay needs to walk his dog.杰伊得去遛狗。walk [sth] vtr (move by rocking)推动，推，摇动着往前搬Let's walk the heavy bookshelf across the room instead of carrying it.这个书架太重了，我们搬不动，还是摇晃着往前推吧。walk along [sth] vi + prep (stroll the length of [sth])沿着…走，沿着...散步We walked along the canal at sunset.walk around [sth] vi + prep (stroll outside [sth])围着…溜达；在…外转转You'll have to walk around the mountain to get to the other side.要想去到另一边，你就得围着那座山溜达。walk in [sth], walk into [sth] vi + prep (enter on foot)走进Whenever someone walks in the store, a bell sounds.只要有人走进商店，铃铛就会响。walk out of [sth] v expr (exit on foot)走出；从…走出去She walked out of the apartment, keys in hand.Instead of yelling, she decided to walk out of the office in silence.她手里拿着钥匙走出了公寓。//她没有大喊大叫，而是决定默默地走出办公室。walk past [sth/sb] vi + prep (go by on foot)路过；经过walk [sb] through [sth] vtr + prep figurative (guide [sb])指导某人做某事；向某人示范某事This video will walk you through the process of creating an animated gif.walk up to [sb/sth] v expr (approach on foot)向…走去He walked up to me and told me how much he enjoyed my presentation.wall [sth] vtr (erect a wall)用墙围住；用墙隔开The Soviets walled off West Berlin.wallop [sb/sth] vtr informal (beat, thump)猛击；重击The batsman walloped the ball with all his strength.wallow in [sth] vi + prep figurative (indulge in negative state) (老想不愉快的事)沉溺在There's nothing he enjoys more than wallowing in misery.wallow in [sth] vi + prep figurative (wealth, possessions: have plenty)拥有很多The old man was wallowing in money.wallow in [sth] vi + prep (lie around) (动物在烂泥、水里)在…里打滚Hippos love wallowing in mud.wallpaper, wallpaper [sth] vtr (cover with wallpaper)给…贴墙纸It only took us an hour to wallpaper the bathroom.wander [sth] vtr (roam)在…漫步，漫游The poet wandered the hills, seeking inspiration.诗人在山间漫步，寻找灵感。wander from [sth] vi + prep (stray from: a path) (道路)偏离Mind you don't wander from the straight and narrow!提醒你不要偏离正道。wander from [sth] vi + prep figurative (digress from: a subject) (话题)偏离The absent minded professor frequently wandered from his subject onto other topics.那个喜欢开小差的教授总是会从课程主题偏离到其他话题上。wangle [sth] vtr informal (engineer or obtain) (非正式用语)施计获得, 骗取；攫取wanna do [sth] vtr informal (want to)想要"Wanna go for a drink?" Rob asked Sheila.“出去喝一杯吗？”罗伯问希拉。want [sth] vtr (desire: [sth])想要；希望获得I really want a slice of cake, but I'm supposed to be on a diet.我真的很想吃一块蛋糕，但我现在要节食。want to do [sth] v expr (would like: to do [sth])想要做；想做；想成为I want to be a doctor when I grow up.长大后，我想做名医生。want [sb] to do [sth] v expr (would like [sb] to do)希望某人做某事I want you to tidy your room.我希望你整理整理自己的房间。want [sth] vtr (request the presence of) (某人出现)要求I want you here by nine o'clock tonight.want [sth] vtr informal (need)需要You'll want to arrive there before the film starts.你需要在影片开始前到达那里。want [sth] vtr (require, would like: [sth]) (要求、请求)想要, 要Hello. I want film for my camera, please.want [sth] vtr UK, informal (+ ing: need)需要The kitchen window wants cleaning - it's filthy!厨房的窗户需要清洁，满是油污！want [sth] in return v expr (seek exchange)想要获得回报；作为回报希望得到If I do this favor for you, I may want something in return.warehouse [sth] vtr (keep in warehouse)把…入库；将…储存在仓库The company warehoused a portion of its stock, so that it would have a supply ready for any of its customers who needed it.warm [sth] vtr (heat)加热；加温You should warm the baby's milk before feeding it to him.在给婴儿喂牛奶前，应该先把牛奶加热。warm [sth/sb] vtr (make warm)使暖和；使温暖I'll warm some leftovers for lunch.我会热一些剩菜剩饭来做午饭。warm to [sth] vi + prep figurative (idea: become enthusiastic) (对事物、观念等)变得热情，变得感兴趣Don't worry, you'll soon warm to the idea.warn [sb] [sth], warn [sb] that [sth] vtr (advise)提醒某人某事；告诫某人某事He warned me that the train might be late.他告诫我说火车可能会晚点。warn [sb] against [sth] vtr + prep (caution)告诫某人不要做某事；警告某人不要做某事He warned his son against that kind of behaviour.他警告自己的儿子不能那样做。warn [sb] to do [sth] v expr (advise to)提醒某人做某事；建议某人做某事Patrick's parents warned him to be careful on his round the world trip. The doctor warned Jane not to overdo things before she was completely recovered.帕特里克的父母提醒他环球之旅的途中要小心。医生提醒简，完全康复之前不要过度劳累。warn [sb] against [sth] vtr + prep (advise of the dangers of: [sth])告诫某人提防某事I warned him against getting too drunk, but he wouldn't listen.warp [sth] vtr (bend out of shape)使变形；使弯曲，使翘曲变形Damp had warped the floorboards in the old cottage.潮湿使得这栋老旧小屋的地板翘曲变形。warp [sth] vtr figurative (thoughts, mind: bias, distort)歪曲；曲解；使有偏见The young criminal's unhappy childhood had warped his outlook on life.这位年轻的罪犯童年很不幸，导致他的世界观发生了扭曲。warp [sth] vtr (aeronautics: curve a surface) (航空)使（机翼）扭曲warrant [sth] vtr (justify, give reason)使…正当；使…有正当理由The evidence that the employee had been stealing warranted her immediate dismissal.有证据证明该员工一直有偷窃行为，立刻开除她也是理所当然。warrant [sth] vtr (promise, warranty)保证；担保The seller warranted the item would last at least ten years.warrant [sth] vtr dated (declare certainty)保证；打包票It's Friday afternoon and I see Adam's left early again; I'll warrant he's in the pub.wary of [sth/sb] adj + prep (not trusting [sb/sth])对…警觉的；对…提防的；小心…的Janice has taught her children to be wary of strangers.简妮丝教自己的孩子要提防陌生人。wash [sth] vtr (clean)洗；冲Don't forget to wash your hands.不要忘记洗手。wash [sth] from [sth] vtr (remove)将...上的...洗掉；洗去...上的...Soap will wash the ink from your fingers.wash [sth] vtr (lap at: shore) (波浪等)拍打, 拍击The Mediterranean washes the shores of southern France.wash [sth] vtr (launder: clothes) (衣服)洗, 洗涤These jeans need to be washed.wash [sth] ashore vtr + adv (bring to shore)将...冲上岸；把...冲到岸上wash [sth] off, wash off [sth] vtr + adv (remove with water)冲走；洗去I ran my trainers under the tap to wash off the mud.wash [sth] off [sth/sb] vtr + prep (remove with water)洗去；洗掉Mark washed the chocolate off his daughter's face.wash [sth] out vtr + adv (dirt: remove)洗掉Do you think we'll be able to wash that ink stain out?你认为我们能把那个墨水印洗掉吗？wash [sth] out of [sth] v expr (dirt: remove from [sth])洗掉…的…I washed the soup stain out of the tablecloth.我将桌布上的汤渍洗掉了。wash [sth] out vtr + adv (clean inside)清洗，清洁，洗掉；被冲走，冲垮；洗得褪色When she was naughty, her mother would wash her mouth out with soap and water.她捣蛋时，她妈妈会用肥皂和水清洗她的嘴。wash your hands of [sth] v expr figurative (end involvement with [sth])从...中金盆洗手；退出waste [sth] vtr (use inefficiently)浪费；挥霍；滥用Europeans do not like to waste paper.欧洲人一般不喜欢浪费纸。waste [sth] vtr (opportunity) (机会)失去, 错过, 浪费He wasted his chances at college by not studying enough.他浪费了大学的学习机会，没有学习。waste [sb/sth] vtr always passive (fail to be appreciated) (表示未得到赏识)白费She is wasted on him as he does not appreciate her fine qualities.waste [sth] vtr (lay to waste, destroy)毁灭；摧毁The soldiers wasted the enemy village.watch [sth/sb] vtr (observe)看...He watched the fight in the park.他在公园里看人打架了。watch [sth/sb] vtr (keep under observation)照顾；照看The nurses are watching the children.护士正在照看孩子。watch [sth] vtr (view: TV, movie) (电视等)看，观看I can't chat right now; I'm watching a movie.我现在不方便聊天，正在看电影呢。watch [sth/sb] vtr (keep under guard)看守；监守The guards have to watch the inmates.watch [sth/sb] vtr (contemplate)注视；凝视Janet is sitting in the park, watching the clouds.watch [sth/sb] vtr (oversee)监视；监管；监督The supervisor is watching our progress.water [sth] vtr (irrigate)灌溉；浇灌；给…浇水I need to water the plants.我得给这些植物浇水。water [sth] vtr (animals)喂水给You need to feed and water the horses.water [sth] vtr (stock: issue in excess of worth) (股票)掺水watermark [sth] vtr (add a watermark to)加水印于You can use the software to watermark images in order to identify the copyright holder.waterproof [sth] vtr (make waterproof)使防水；使不透水You can buy a spray that will waterproof your tent.wave [sth] vtr (gesture: hello, goodbye) (手势)挥手再见；挥手打招呼She waved goodbye to him.她向他挥手告别。wave [sth] vtr (hold aloft)挥舞；晃动Everybody ran when he started waving a gun.wave [sth] vtr (agitate, make flutter)挥舞；晃动The spectators at the parade were waving flags.wave [sth] vtr (hair: curl)卷头发She waved her hair using her curling iron.wave [sth] about vtr + adv (cause to flutter)使...波动，挥舞wave [sth] around vtr + adv (hold aloft, brandish)挥舞，挥动wax [sth] vtr (polish with wax)给…打蜡；为…上蜡Ian waxed the wooden floor.Tania is waxing her skis.易安给木地板打了蜡。塔尼亚在给滑雪板打蜡。wax [sth] vtr (remove hair from: body)用蜡给…脱毛Elizabeth waxed her upper lip to remove the dark hairs that were growing there.伊丽莎白鼻唇沟上有一些深色的汗毛，她用蜡脱除了。way, way of doing [sth], way to do [sth] n (manner)方式；方法There is more than one way to make a cup of tea.泡茶不止一种方法。way to do [sth] n (means) (做某事的)方法；手段The way to accelerate the project is to add staff.加快项目速度的方法就是增加员工。way out, way out of [sth] n figurative (means of escape)出口；出路；摆脱困境的办法After he'd signed the contract, there was no way out.签了合同之后，他就没有退路了。weaken [sth] vtr (make [sth] weak)使…变弱；使…变淡The constant flow of traffic weakened the bridges supports, so they had to be repaired.川流不息的车辆行人会使桥的支撑变弱，所以必须修理。wealth of [sth] n figurative (abundant amount of [sth])充裕；丰富There's a wealth of reasons why you should stay.wean [sb] off [sth] vtr + prep UK (stop feeding milk to a baby)使…断奶I gradually weaned the baby off breast milk.wean [sb] onto [sth] vtr + prep UK (feed a baby solids)断奶后给…喂固体食物It's usual to wean a baby onto solid food at about 6 months.wean [sb] off [sth] vtr + prep figurative, informal (break [sb]'s addiction) (恶习、不良习惯等)戒除Sarah weaned her husband off drugs and guided him towards a healthy diet.wean [sb] on [sth] vtr + prep figurative (accustom to [sth])使某人习惯于I was weaned on classic music and literature as a child.weaponize [sth], also UK: weaponise [sth] vtr (adapt [sth] as a weapon)将…用作武器；将…改作武器wear [sth] vtr (clothing: have on) (衣物)穿着，戴着Everybody wears jeans these days.现在大家都穿牛仔裤。wear [sth] vtr (clothing: put on) (衣物)穿What should I wear today?我今天该穿什么？wear [sth] vtr (accessories: have on) (首饰)戴着, 佩戴The husband and wife wear rings.这对夫妻都戴着戒指。wear [sth] vtr (carry on the body)背着；带着The students all wear backpacks.wear [sth] vtr (shoes: put on) (鞋)穿Which shoes should I wear?wear [sth] vtr (clothing: habitually have on)穿, 常穿Amanda wears black most days.wear [sth] vtr (makeup: have on)化妆That girl is too young to wear makeup.wear [sth] vtr figurative (smile, expression: show)呈现出, 显露出They left the cinema wearing a smile.wear [sth] vtr figurative (manner: assume) (某种表情或情绪)带着He wears a smug look when he wins.wear [sth] vtr (hair, fingernails: style) (长发、短发、长指甲等)留着I like how you wear your hair.wear [sth] vtr figurative (tire)耗尽；用尽Please stop talking - you are wearing my patience.wear [sth] vtr (damage by rubbing)磨损；磨掉The traffic on that floor will wear the polish.wear [sth] vtr (diminish by rubbing or washing)磨光；穿破Constant walking has worn the soles of these shoes.wear [sth] well vtr + adv (look good in)耐用； (人)不见老Mmm, she certainly wears that bikini well!weary of [sth/sb] vi + prep (tire)厌倦I'm starting to weary of crime dramas. The TV schedules are full of them!我开始厌倦犯罪剧了。毕竟电视节目表全是它们。weasel out of doing [sth] v expr (get out of doing [sth])放弃做某事；逃避做某事weather [sth] vtr (endure, resist) (风雨、困难等)经受住, 平安渡过Our boat was able to weather the storm.我们的小船经受住了风暴。weather [sth] vtr (erode due to exposure)使…风化Over millennia, temperature changes had weathered the rocks.千年以来，气温的变化使岩石发生了风化。weatherproof [sth], also US: weatherize [sth] vtr (seal against the elements)增强…的御寒性能；使…适应气候条件We need to weatherproof the building before winter arrives.weatherstrip [sth] vtr (seal: a window, etc.) (门窗等)给...加衬条以防风雨；用防水衬条密封weave [sth] vtr (fabric: make by weaving)编织；织造Harriet wove the silk into a fine piece of cloth.哈里叶特将丝浙织成一块华美的布料。weave [sth] vtr (baskets, etc.: make by interlacing)编织；编结Liam wove the willow into baskets.李亚姆用柳条编出了篮子。weave [sth] vtr figurative (story: create)编写；编；创造This author knows how to weave a compelling tale.wed [sth] to [sth], wed [sth] with [sth] vtr figurative (unite, combine) (把事物连在一起)与…结合This tart weds chocolate with pears to make a delicious dessert.wedded to [sth] adj + prep figurative (devoted)献身于，执著于The university is wedded to the ideal of bringing out the best in all its students.wedded to [sth] adj + prep figurative (closely connected to)结合在一起；有联系This town's economy is wedded to the textile industry.wedge [sth] vtr (stick into)楔入；嵌入；插入Alan wedged the book between the others on the shelf.艾伦把书插入书架上的其它书中间。wedge [sth] vtr (secure with a wedge)将…楔牢；用楔子把…楔住，用锲子把…顶住Peter wedged the door to make sure it didn't swing closed.彼得用锲子把门顶住，确保门不会关上。wedge [sth/sb] in, wedge in [sth/sb] vtr + adv (insert into tightly fitting space)插入；挤入；塞入There wasn't much space left in the boot, but Pippa managed to wedge the last bag in.wee bit of [sth] n UK, informal (small amount)一点儿I'm not much of a drinker but I'll have just a wee bit of whisky.weed [sth] vtr (pull weeds)拔掉…的杂草；除去…杂草；给…除草Can you help me weed the garden?你能帮我除去花园里的杂草吗？weed [sth/sb] vtr figurative (eliminate)清除；除去；淘汰We need to weed all the poor performers from the company.我们需要开掉所有表现不佳的公司员工。ween [sth], ween that vtr archaic (think, suppose)以为, 认为, 料想, 想象I ween then that thy intention is not that of an honest man.weep for [sb/sth] vi + prep figurative (mourn, grieve for)哀悼；悼念The nation wept for the terrorism casualties.weep for [sb/sth] vi + prep (shed tears for)为…哭泣；为…流泪Bill's family and friends went on weeping for him long after his funeral.weep over [sth/sb] vi + prep (shed tears about)因...哭泣；因...而哭Rose is such a sensitive child; she'll weep over any little thing.weep for [sth], weep with [sth] vi + prep (shed tears because of)因…流泪；因…哭泣Agnes isn't sad; she is weeping for joy.weigh [sth/sb] vtr (measure weight of)称重；称量Adam weighed the flour for the bread.亚当称了称做面包用的面粉重量。weigh [sth] vtr (have a given weight)重量为These apples weigh almost a pound.这差不多有一磅的苹果。weigh on [sb/sth], weigh heavy on [sb/sth] vi + prep figurative (be heavy: on one's mind) (心理、精神)重压在，使…苦恼The problems at work weighed on Jessica's mind.weigh [sth] vtr figurative (calculate: the difference)权衡；比较Philip weighed the pros and cons of accepting the offer.weigh [sth/sb] up against [sth/sb] v expr (compare, contrast)对比…和...Lucy weighed up the job she had been offered in New York against the one in Paris.露西将她在纽约得到的工作和在巴黎得到的工作做对比。weight [sth] vtr (apply weight to)加重；使…重量增加We weighted the sacks before dumping them overboard.weight [sth] vtr (hold down with a weight) (用重物)压住，镇住He weighted the papers with the book.他用那本书压住纸张。weight [sb] with [sth] vtr (burden)给...施加...的压力；使…有...的负担Please don't weight me with all your problems.weight [sth] vtr (statistics: apply a coefficient to) (统计学)加权, 对…进行加权The numbers were weighted to reflect population density.weighted with [sth] adj + prep figurative (burdened)承担着...的；负荷着...的The old lady was weighted with sorrow.welcome to [sth/sb] adj + prep (may have [sth/sb])尽管用…，尽管拿走…I've only got a cheese sandwich, but you're welcome to it.You've been having an affair with my husband? You're welcome to him.我只有一个奶酪三明治，不过请尽管拿去吃。be welcome to do [sth] v expr (may do [sth])可以做某事的；允许做某事的；可随意做某事的You are welcome to use my washer if you have dirty clothes.如果你有脏衣服，可以随便用我的洗衣机。welcome [sth] vtr (be glad of)欣然接受…，对…表示欢迎The population welcomed the government's new measures to increase employment.民众对政府新出台的刺激就业率的措施表示欢迎。weld [sth], weld [sth] to [sth] vtr (metal)焊接；锻接The jewellery maker welded the two pieces of silver.珠宝匠将两块白银锻接在一起。weld [sth], weld [sth] to [sth] vtr figurative (unite, combine)使合并；使合为一体Daphne's love for George welded her soul to his for all eternity.；well disposed, well disposed towards [sb/sth], well-disposed towards [sb/sth] adj (feeling favourable, sympathetic)对...有好感的，对...友好的备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the nounwell endowed with [sth] adj + prep (having plenty of [sth])有充足的The organization is well endowed with funds for building repairs.well into, well into [sth] prep (having made good progress with: [sth])在...取得良好进展；进展顺利I'm well into the book but I can't seem to find the time to finish it.well into, well into [sth] prep slang (enthusiastic about)对…有热情；热爱My brother is well into techno music, he spends all his money on records and going to clubs!well-versed in [sth] adj (very knowledgeable about)精通be well-placed to do [sth] v expr (be in a good position to do [sth])处于做某事的有利地位well suited to [sth] adj + prep (suitable for)很合适welly [sth], wellie [sth] vtr UK, slang (kick hard)猛踢The striker wellied the ball straight to the back of the net.前锋大力踢球，直射入网。welsh on [sth], welch vi + prep slang, potentially offensive (not pay a debt)欠...不还，赖...账Mick accused Alan of welshing on a debt.welsh on [sth], welch vi + prep slang, potentially offensive (not fulfil an obligation)逃避履行；不予履行John welshed on his promise to lend us the van.westernize [sth/sb], also UK: westernise [sth/sb] vtr (impose Western culture)欧化；西化The band embrace Japanese culture in their sound rather than trying to westernize it.这个乐队在自己的音乐中拥抱了日本文化，而不试图去西化它。wet [sth] vtr (dampen)弄湿；打湿If you wet it a little, the stain will come out.如果你把它弄湿一点，污点就会显出来。wet [sth] vtr (urinate in: bed, nappy, etc.)尿湿The baby wet her diaper.婴儿尿布湿了。whack [sth], whack [sb] vtr (hit)猛敲；重击The carpenter whacked the nail with the hammer.木匠用锤子重重地敲击钉子。whack [sth] off vtr + adv (remove with blow)砍掉；劈掉The man whacked off a chunk of the rock with a sledgehammer.whacked out on [sth], whacked on [sth] expr US, slang (high on: a drug) (嗑药后)疯掉了；嗨了Josh was whacked out on cocaine at the time of the accident.whang [sth] vtr informal (make a noise by striking)重击what's up with [sth/sb] expr slang (what is happening to)出了什么事？I don't know what's up with Jane. This is the first time she hasn't been on time.wheedle [sth] out of [sb] v expr (obtain by coaxing)从…那里骗取Denise eventually wheedled the truth out of Eric.wheel [sth] vtr (push [sth] on wheels)推动；滚动Steve wheeled the pushchair along the pavement.史蒂夫推着婴儿车沿着人行道走着。wheel [sth] out, wheel out [sth] vtr + adv (bring into view)将…推出wheelbarrow [sth] vtr (carry in a wheelbarrow)用手推车运送Men wheelbarrowed the soil away from the hole.whelm [sb/sth] vtr rare (engulf, overcome) (罕见用法)吞没，席卷，吞噬，压倒，压垮whelp [sth] vtr (dog, etc.: give birth to) (小狗等)生下；产下The greyhound bitch whelped six puppies.when it comes to [sth] expr (with regard to)说到，谈到I love to read, but I have trouble when it comes to studying science.我喜欢读书，不过一说到科学课我就不行了。wherry [sth] vtr (transport in wherry)用渡船运送；用货船运送；用河船运送whet [sth] vtr (blade: sharpen)磨刀；使...锋利Whet the blade on the stone.whet [sb]'s appetite, whet [sb]'s appetite for [sth] v expr figurative (make [sb] eager for [sth])吊起了某人的胃口；勾起了某人的兴致The city tour whetted our appetite for bigger adventures.whether it be [sth] or [sth] expr (if it is [sth] or [sth])无论是...还是...；不管是...还是...Whether it be raining or boiling hot, we're still going to the lake.a whiff of [sth] n figurative (hint, trace)迹象After the show there was definitely a whiff of disappointment in the air.whine about [sth/sb] vi + prep (complain about)因…嘀咕；就…发牢骚The children were whining about how hungry they were.孩子们嘀咕着自己有多饿。whip [sb/sth] vtr (beat, flog a person, animal)鞭打；鞭笞The cart driver whipped the horse to make it go faster.The slave owner whipped the slave for disobedience.马车车夫鞭打那匹马，想让马走快点。那位奴隶因为不听话受到了奴隶主的鞭笞。whip [sth] vtr (whisk [sth]) (奶油等)搅打，打发Elizabeth whipped some cream to go with the dessert.伊丽莎白打发了一些奶油来配甜点。whip [sth] vtr (politics: direct a vote) (政治投票)指示The government is expected to whip this vote hard.whip [sth] away, whip away [sth] vtr + adv (remove quickly)迅速抽走；突然拿开Glenn whipped away the table cloth, leaving all the crockery and cutlery undamaged.whip [sth] away from [sb] v expr (confiscate quickly)突然从...手里拿走...；突然从...手里没收...The teacher whipped the mobile phone away from the student and locked it in her desk.whip [sth] in vtr + adv (hunting)猎杀；捕猎whip [sth] off, whip off [sth] vtr + adv (remove quickly)驱散whip [sth] off, whip off [sth] vtr + adv (create quickly)突然发出He whipped off a sketch that looked just like her.whip [sth] on vtr + adv (animal: hit to make move) (动物)鞭打使前进whip through [sth] vi + prep (rapidly go through [sth])很快做完That new translator is great; she really whips through the projects we give her.whip [sth] up vtr + adv (thicken with a whisk)搅浓, 把…搅打成糊状It took me a long time to whip the egg whites up into a meringue.我花了很久才把蛋清打成一种蛋白酥。whip [sb] up into a frenzy of [sth] v expr informal, figurative (enrage, overexcite)激起...至疯狂The politician's speech whipped the crowd up into a frenzy of excitement.whipsaw [sth]. whip-saw [sth] vtr figurative (pull in opposite directions)两股相反的力量同时拉扯，两种相反的压力同时对…施压，陷于…的两难困境whipsaw [sth], whip-saw vtr (saw with a whipsaw)用双人横切锯锯a whirl of [sth] n figurative (busy scene)一连串纷至沓来的活动，接连不断的事情The factory floor was a whirl of activity.工厂内一片繁忙的景象。whirl [sth] vtr (spin, rotate)旋转The man was whirling his hat nervously in his hands.whirl [sth/sb] around vtr + adv (move in a circle)使…绕着…打转The knight whirled his sword around his head.whisk [sth] vtr (beat with whisk) (用搅打器)搅打Adam whisked the cake mix.亚当把蛋糕粉打匀。whisk [sth/sb] vtr (move or transport quickly)快速运送；迅速将…带到A car whisked the politician to the embassy.whisper [sth] vtr (say softly)低声说出；轻声说出Janet whispered her condolences to the widow.珍妮特低声慰藉那名遗孀。whisper [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (say softly to [sb])向某人低声说；把某事悄悄告诉某人The little boy whispered his secret to his mother.小男孩小声地告诉了妈妈自己的秘密。be whispered to do [sth] v expr (rumored)有传言说；有谣言说；风传说The politician is whispered to be having an affair.据传言，那位政客有外遇。whistle [sth] vtr (a song) (歌曲等)用口哨吹出（歌曲）The soldier was whistling an old music hall song.那个士兵正在用口哨吹着一首古老的音乐厅歌曲。whistle [sth] vtr (sports: signal with whistle) (体育运动中)吹哨，鸣哨The referee whistled a penalty.a whit of [sth] n (slightest bit)一点；些微；丝毫Anybody with a whit of sense could see that's a stupid idea.white-out [sth], whiteout [sth], white [sth] out vtr US, informal (erase using corrective fluid) (非正式用语)用修正液覆盖whiten [sth] vtr (bleach, make whiter)使变白；漂白Using over-the-counter products to whiten your teeth is a straightforward process.whitewash [sth] vtr (paint with whitewash)涂白；刷白The islanders whitewash their houses once a year.whitewash [sth] vtr figurative (cover up by deception)掩盖, 掩饰Politicians used the report to whitewash the scandal.whitewash [sth] vtr figurative (history, film: favor white people)粉饰；掩盖真相The studio is facing angry allegations that its film whitewashes the story.whittle [sth] vtr (carve: wood) (木头等)削，切，雕刻Ron showed me how to whittle a twig into a whistle.whittle [sth] vtr (carve: [sth] from wood) (雕塑)刻削，雕刻My grandfather whittles farm animals out of balsa wood.whittle [sth] down to [sth] v expr figurative (cut, reduce to [sth])将...削减至；将...削弱至；将...逐渐减少至；将...逐渐降低至a whiz at [sth], a whizz at [sth], a wiz at [sth] n figurative, informal (wizard: person skilled at [sth])…方面的奇才；…方面的能手He's a whiz at maths – he can even do equations in his head.the whole of [sth] n (entirety)全部；所有；全体The whole of the company will be there for the ceremony.全公司的人都会参加仪式。wholesale [sth] vtr (sell in big quantities)大宗销售；批发销售This distributor wholesales shoes.a whopper of a [sth] n slang ([sth] particularly large)特大的That's a whopper of a sandwich you've got there!why, the why of [sth] n often plural (reason, cause)原因；理由They are curious about the why of our decision.wick [sth] vtr (textile: absorb moisture) (纺织品、织物)依靠毛细作用吸收The fabric of this running top wicks sweat from the body.这件跑步上衣的面料很吸汗。wide open to [sth] adj figurative (exposed, vulnerable to [sth]) (比喻)对...空门大开的，对...大敞的；暴露的The infantry lay itself wide open to attack.widen [sth] vtr (make wider)扩大；拓宽The highways authority has plans to widen this road, to cope with the extra flow of traffic expected when the airport opens next year.明年机场投入运营，预计交通流量会增加，高速公路管理局计划拓宽这条道路以应对这种情况。widen [sth] vtr (extend: scope, coverage)放宽；加大The teacher suggested James should widen the scope of his essay to take into account some of the more controversial viewpoints on the topic.老师建议詹姆斯扩大论文范围，将一些与论文主题相关的更具争议性的观点考虑进来。wield [sth] vtr (authority, power etc.) (权力)拥有，行使，掌握The Minister was elected, but everyone knew it was his secretary who really wielded the power.部长当选，但所有人都知道真正掌权的是他的秘书。wield [sth] vtr (use in hand) (刀剑等)挥舞The knight wielded his sword with such expertise that he soon disarmed his opponent.wiggle, wiggle [sth] vtr (move [sth] back and forth)扭动；使摆动Glenn wiggled his nose to make the small child laugh.格伦扭动自己的鼻子来逗那个小孩笑。wigwag [sth], wig wag [sth], wig-wag wth vtr (move [sth] back and forth)摇动...be wild about [sth] adj + prep (like [sth] intensely)热衷于Simon is wild about bananas; he eats one every day.西蒙很热衷于香蕉，他每天都会吃一根。will [sth] vtr literary (wish, want)希望做；想做；愿意做Do what you will! I'm leaving in five minutes.will [sth] vtr (bring willpower to bear on)决心做某事；立志做某事If the runner wills it enough, he could break the record.will [sth] to happen vtr (make happen by wishing)凭意志的力量驱使；通过强烈地希望来促成It doesn't just happen. You need to will it to happen.will [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (bequeath)将…遗赠给She didn't will anything to her family, and left her estate to charity.will [sb/sth] to do [sth] v expr (try to influence with thoughts)希望促成...做某事；希望...做某事；决意让...做某事He willed the plant to survive, but it withered in the drought.willow [sth] vtr (textiles: treat using willow)清理...的纤维The textile worker willows the unprocessed wool.willy [sth], willey [sth] vtr (textiles: willow)用打棉机清理The skilled girl willied the cotton.这位技能熟练的女孩用打棉机清理棉花。wilt [sth] vtr (vegetable: cook until just soft)焯Wilt the spinach leaves in a wok.wimple [sb/sth] vtr (enfold, cover)围住...；盖住...wimple [sth] vtr (ripple)使...波动；使...起涟漪win [sth] vtr (come first in, be victorious in)赢得；在...中获胜；取得...的胜利Our team won the game 3-2.我们队 3 比 2 赢得了比赛。win [sth] vtr (gain as a prize) (奖品)赢得, 夺得We won a camera as a prize in the raffle.我们在抽奖销售中赢得的奖品是一台照相机。win [sth] vtr (earn)赢得；博得He won a spot on the Olympic team.win [sth] vtr (reach)成功到达；成功抵达The climber won the summit of the mountain on Monday morning.win [sth] vtr (achieve)获得；取得；赢得；成就Through your hard work you have won a place on the board of the company.win [sth] vtr (gain the support of)赢得…的支持The candidate won many voters with his good ideas.win [sth] vtr UK, regional (dry hay, seed, etc.) (种)播； (干草)制win [sb] over to [sth] v expr informal (persuade of [sth]'s merits)战胜；把…争取过来；赢得…的支持Little by little we'll win you over to our political cause.逐步的，我们总会赢得你对我们政治动因的支持。winch [sth/sb] vtr (move with a winch)用绞车吊拉；用卷扬机移动A helicopter winched the crew from the sinking boat.wind [sth] vtr (wrap or twist)绕, 卷；把…绕成团I had to wind up the kite string after we had finished playing with it.我们放完风筝后，我必须把风筝线绕好。wind [sth] vtr (entwine)缠绕；使…缠绕在一起He wound the cable tightly and put it in the drawer.wind [sth] vtr (set mechanism of: a watch)给...上发条Before watches had batteries, you had to wind them.wind up doing [sth] v expr informal (eventually have to do)最终落得；最终沦落到If I don't find a job soon, I may wind up begging on the streets.如果我不尽快找到一份工作，我可能会在街上乞讨。window into [sth], window onto [sth] n figurative (glimpse into [sth] unfamiliar)窗口期；短暂时机windproof [sth] vtr (make resistant to the wind)使…防风；使…挡风；使…不透风wing [sth] vtr slang (throw)扔出；投出；投掷Joe winged the ball to Wendy.wing [sth/sb] vtr (injure in arm or wing)打伤…的翅膀（或手臂）The bullet winged the bird, but didn't kill it.winkle [sth] from [sb] vtr + prep UK (information: coerce from [sb]) (信息)挖出, 揭开The teacher tried to winkle the name of the offender from her students.winkle [sth] vtr UK (thing: gain with difficulty) (胜利等)费劲取得Owen knows how to winkle an advantage out of every situation.winnow [sth] vtr (grain: separate from chaff)扬（谷）；簸去（糠皮）The farmers winnowed the wheat by throwing it in the air to separate the grain from the lighter chaff.winnow [sth] vtr figurative (separate good from the bad)筛选出；选取出A panel of judges winnowed the number of entrants in the competition until there were only four finalists left.winnow [sth/sb] out, winnow out [sth/sb] vtr + adv (exclude what is undesirable)筛选；遴选The selection process winnowed out those who were not up to the job.winnow [sth/sb] out, winnow out [sth/sb] vtr + adv (find what is desirable)选拔By sifting through the facts, the detective finally succeeded in winnowing out the truth.winnow [sth] down to [sth] v expr (leave only what is desirable)选择Elsa looked at all the available courses and finally winnowed her choices down to two universities.winter [sth] vtr (keep during the winter) (动植物等)使…过冬；对...进行冬季防冻保护They winter the cows in a large barn.winterize [sth] vtr US (prepare [sth] for cold conditions)给…安装防寒设备；使…作好过冬准备Many people winterize their cars by installing snow tires.winterkill [sth], winter-kill [sth] vtr US (plants: kill by exposure to cold) (植物)使...冻死winterkill [sth], winter-kill [sth] vtr US (animals: kill by exposure to cold) (动物)使...冻死wipe [sth] vtr (clean)擦干；擦净After dinner, James wiped the table.晚饭后，詹姆士把桌子擦净。wipe [sth] vtr (erase)抹去；擦去；抹掉The teacher wiped the board.老师擦去了黑板上的字。wipe [sth] off [sth], wipe [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep (erase from)从…上擦去…；将…从…上抹去The teacher wiped the vocab list off the board.The trainee wiped several records from the database.老师从黑板上擦去了词汇。// 那个实习生从数据库上擦去了数条记录。wipe [sth] from [sth] vtr + prep figurative (forget) (比喻)从…中抹去…，将…从…中抹去Alison tried to wipe the terrible event from her memory.艾莉森想要从记忆中抹去那次可怕的事件。wipe [sth] clean v expr (clean by rubbing)把...擦干净wipe [sth] down, wipe down [sth] v expr (clean by rubbing)擦干wipe [sth] up, wipe up [sth] vtr (clean up by wiping)擦干；擦掉If you spill red wine on a carpet and don't wipe it up immediately, you'll never get the stain out.wire [sth] vtr (equip with electrical wiring)安装电线They wired the house themselves.他们自己给房子安装电线。wire [sth] vtr (transfer or send money) (汇钱)电汇Can you wire me two hundred dollars by next Tuesday?你可以在下个星期二前给我电汇两百块钱吗？wiretap [sth] vtr (bug: a telephone line)窃听（电话）The FBI wiretapped the phone.wish [sth] vtr (desire: difficult)愿望；祝愿I wish complete happiness for my children.我祝愿我的孩子能完全幸福。wish [sth] vtr (desire: simple)希望I wish he would stop talking.我希望他能停止唠叨。wish [sth] vtr (desire: fantasy) (表示不能实现的愿望)但愿I wish I were a princess.我但愿自己是个公主。wish [sth], wish [sb] [sth] vtr (say, bid)祝愿He wished them all goodnight and went to bed.wish on [sth], wish upon [sth] vi + prep (use [sth] as magic charm)向…祈祷Audrey looked up at the night sky and wished upon a star for all her dreams to come true.奥德丽仰望夜空，向着一颗星星祈祷，希望自己的梦想能成真。wish [sth] on [sb/sth], wish [sth] upon [sb/sth] vtr + prep (want [sb] else to have)希望…发生在…身上备注: Often used in negative sentences.Gout is very unpleasant; I wouldn't wish it on anyone.痛风很难受，我不希望它发生在任何人身上。wish [sb] [sth] vtr (hope [sth] for [sb])祝愿某人, 祝某人The teacher wished all her students good luck for their exam.I wish you well.老师祝愿她的学生们考试好运，金榜题名。// 我祝你一切安好。wishful for [sth] adj + prep (literary)对...心怀渴望的The villagers were wishful for better times.with a view to doing [sth] expr (so as to)考虑到, 鉴于；为了, 指望I worked hard with a view to applying to a good university.with an eye to [sth/sb] expr (in the hope of)为了；目的在于；着眼于She dressed in her best clothes with an eye to making him notice her.with reference to [sth], in reference to [sth] expr (regarding)关于；有关With reference to industry, we are hiring more workers this year.with respect to [sth] prep (as regards)关于；就…而言With respect to your problems, I'm afraid I can't help at all.就你的问题而言，很遗憾我无能为力。with the aid of [sb/sth] prep (helped by [sb], [sth])在...的帮助下；在...的支持下with the help of [sth/sb] prep (assisted by)在…的帮助之下With the help of a wheelchair, I can get around just fine.withdraw from [sth] vi + prep (military: retreat from, pull out of) (部队)从…撤退，从…撤离The troops withdrew from the region.部队从该区域撤退。withdraw from [sth] vi + prep (draw away)缩回；退出；退缩After the death of her parents she just withdrew from society.她父母死后，她就退出各种社交活动了。withdraw from [sth] vi + prep (end your involvement in)从…退出；从…离开The player's injury forced him to withdraw from the competition.选手的伤势使他不得不退出比赛。withdraw [sth] vtr (retract)收回；撤消He withdrew the accusations.他撤消了起诉。withdraw [sth] vtr (product: remove)撤回；收回；撤下They had to withdraw the product from the market.他们不得不从市场撤下该产品。withdraw [sth] vtr (money: take from account) (取钱)提取I would like to withdraw a hundred pounds from my account.我想从我的账号上提取一百英镑。withe [sth] vtr (bind with twigs)用藤条绑；用细枝条捆wither [sth] vtr (plant: cause to shrivel) (植物)使枯萎，使干枯，使凋零The intense heat from the sun withered the delicate seedlings.炙热的阳光让娇嫩的幼苗枯萎了。withhold [sth] vtr (not give)拒绝给予，不给；隐瞒，不吐露The boss withheld her consent to the employee's holiday until he had finished the project he was working on. The police suspected the witness was withholding information.员工在完成手边的项目前，老板不同意给他放假。警方怀疑证人隐瞒了信息。withhold [sth] vtr (payment)拒绝付（款），扣留（款项）不付The customer withheld her payment until the issues were resolved.在问题解决前，顾客拒绝付款。withhold [sth] vtr (government, from pay) (政府)代扣The government withholds a percentage of most people's salary for tax and social security.withhold [sth] vtr (keep back)扣住；扣下The record company withheld the band's latest album until the dispute over their contract was settled.within range of [sth] prep (closely enough to)在…范围之内Don't start shooting until you're within range of the target.withstand [sth] vtr (resist) (心理、精神上)经受住，顶住，抵制住Harry was on a diet and had managed to withstand the temptation of chocolate for a month.亨利正在节食，一个月来成功抵制住了巧克力的诱惑。withstand [sth] vtr (resist physically)禁得起；禁得住；经受The thieves used a lot of dynamite, but the door to the vault withstood the blast.窃贼们用了大量炸药，但通往金库的大门经受住了爆炸。witness [sth] vtr (see, observe)目击；注意到Bob witnessed the crime being committed.鲍勃目击了罪行的发生。witness [sth] vtr (formally observe)见证；为…作见证The contract signing was witnessed by his friend.witness [sth] vtr figurative (time, place: be where [sth] occurs)见证...This city witnessed the destruction of many of its finest buildings during the second world war. The twentieth century witnessed rapid technological advances.wizen [sth] vtr (wrinkle, shrivel [sth])使...枯萎，使...凋谢wolf [sth] vtr (eat rapidly)狼吞虎咽The young boy was obviously very hungry, as he wolfed the food Sally put in front of him.wolf [sth] down, wolf down [sth] vtr + adv informal (eat hungrily or greedily)狼吞虎咽地吃He wolfed down the cheeseburger as if he hadn't eaten in a month.wonder [sth] vtr (be curious to know)感到好奇；问自己I wonder if wine can be made from cherries. I wonder if that film is still showing at the cinema.我很好奇樱桃是否可以做酒。让我上网查查看。我很好奇电影院是否还在放映那部电影。wonder [sth] vtr (polite enquiry or request)想知道；不知道…是否I wonder if you would be interested in buying this car over here.我不知道您是否有意购买这边的这辆车。wonder at [sth/sb] vi + prep (be amazed at)惊叹；感到惊奇He could not believe what he saw. He just wondered at it.他简直不能相信自己的亲眼所见，对其感到十分惊奇。woo [sth] vtr figurative (seek)追逐；追求The young actor wooed fame, despite her complaints about media intrusion.尽管她对媒体的搅扰多有抱怨，可那位男演员还是不以为然，追逐名利。word [sth] vtr (phrase)用言语表达；用话表示；用言辞表达You should word it differently so he doesn't get upset.你应该换一种方式表达，这样他就不会不安了。work [sth] vtr (machine: operate) (机器等)操作, 开动, 使运作Do you know how to work this machine?您知道怎样操作这台机器吗？work [sth] vtr (knead, massage)揉vtr；按The baker gently works the dough until it forms crumbs.面点师揉捏面团，直到材料散成渣。work [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep (knead, massage [sth] into [sth])把…揉成…，把…按成…vtrWork the lard into the flour with a fork.用叉子将猪油拌进面粉中。；work [sth], work [sth] into [sth] vtr (contort)扭曲；把…成形She worked the wire into a loop.work [sth] vtr (accomplish)使…逐步变成； (某种变化)实现She worked a change in the texture of the dough.work [sth] vtr (fashion by work)制作；手工制作The carpenter works the pieces into a table.work [sth] vtr (land, be a farmer)在…耕种；在…耕作The farmer worked the land.work as [sth] vi + prep (make a living as)任…职；做…的工作Right now I am working as a waitress in a cocktail bar, but I want to be an actress.眼下，我在一家鸡尾酒吧做服务员的工作，不过，我的梦想是成为一名演员。work against [sb/sth] v expr (be detrimental to)对…不利work at [sth] vtr (put great effort into)致力于；投身于We are currently working at finding ways to become more environmentally friendly.work for [sb/sth] vi + prep (be employed by)为…工作；为…效力I work for the government.我为政府工作。work in [sth] vi + prep (trade, profession)从事；工作My husband works in accounting, and I work in technical services.我老公从事会计工作，而我从事技术服务工作。work on [sth] vi + prep (assignment, project: do) (项目等)做, 从事, 处理I'll do my History homework tomorrow; I'm working on my French composition at the moment.明天做历史作业，现在我正在写法语作文。work toward [sth], work towards vi + prep (aim for, strive to reach: [sth])致力于，朝...努力Gary is working towards a degree.work with [sth/sb] vi + prep (be an employee of)为...效力；任职于I work with the sales team.work with [sth] vi + prep (materials: use)使用…来工作；以…为工具Stefan is a craftsman who works with iron and gold.work with [sth] vi + prep (use available tool, information)利用；使用You need to work with the materials you have.workings, workings of [sth] npl figurative (way [sth] functions) (组织、机构等)工作方式，运作方式This book explains the inner workings of the banking system.这本书阐释了银行系统的内部运作方式。world of [sth] n figurative (great amount of [sth])数不清的；相当多的There is a world of difference between their politics.worm [sth] vtr (animal: treat for parasites)给…驱肠虫；给…服驱虫药Elizabeth wormed her cat.伊丽莎白给自己的猫驱过虫。worm [sth] out of [sb] v expr figurative (obtain sneakily)探得；窃取Peter was determined not to reveal his secret, but Emily eventually wormed it out of him.彼得本来决心保守秘密，但最终还是被艾米丽套出了话来。worm out of doing [sth] v expr informal, figurative (escape, avoid doing)避免做某事I see Karen's wormed out of doing the dishes again.worm your way into [sth] v expr informal (get access sneakily)骗取，博取Jeremy wormed his way into the widow's confidence.be worried about [sth/sb] v expr (be anxious about)对...感到焦虑；担心；为...而烦恼I was worried about my exam results, but I did well.我本来还担心自己的考试成绩，但我考得不错。be worried by [sth] v expr (find [sth] cause for concern)为...忧虑；为...担心Andrea was worried by her father's memory slips.安德莉亚的父亲有时健忘，让她很担心。worried sick about [sth] adj informal (extremely anxious about [sb] or [sth])非常担心Where have you been? You're two hours late - I've been worried sick!worry about [sth/sb] vi + prep (be concerned or anxious about)担心；操心We're worried about your performance.I am worrying about increased unemployment in the country.我们很担心你的表现。 // 我国走高的失业率，让我担心不已。worry [sb], worry [sb] with [sth] vtr UK (harass)烦扰；骚扰I have told him to leave me alone, but he is still worrying me with phone calls.worry [sth] vtr (animal: gnaw on) (动物)撕咬，啃The dog was worrying a large bone.那只狗正在啃一根大骨头。worry at [sth] vi + prep (fiddle with [sth])摆弄Jemma's hands worried at the beads of her necklace.worse than [sth/sb] adv + prep (not as well as)比…差，比…还糟You can't possibly sing worse than me.你不可能唱得比我还差。worse than [sth/sb] adj + prep (more onerous in comparison)比…更艰巨，比…更繁重This project is worse than the last one.这个项目比之前那个更繁重。worse than [sth/sb] adj + prep (more unskillful in comparison)比…技术差，比…生涩That player is worse than me.那个玩家的技术比我差。worsen [sth] vtr (make worse)使恶化；使变坏Susan was trying to help, but she only succeeded in worsening the situation.worsening of [sth] n (exacerbation)变坏；每况愈下The worsening of the patient's symptoms worried the nurse.be worth your while doing [sth], be worth your while to do [sth] expr值得花时间做某事；值得花精力做某事It's worth your while reading the reviews before buying a camera.worthy of [sth/sb] adj + prep (deserving of, good enough to merit)值得的；应得的The parents insisted on meeting their daughter's new boyfriend, to see if he was worthy of her.The teacher is hardworking and worthy of her students' respect.worthy of [sth] adj + prep (the type of thing done by)有…的典型特征Jane's short story was worthy of a master like O. Henry or de Maupassant.wow [sb], wow [sb] with [sth] vtr slang (amaze)赢得…的喝彩Dan wowed his colleagues with his presentation.丹的演示赢得了同事的喝彩。wrangle over [sth] vi + prep (argue about)争吵The two men were wrangling over the price of the car.wrangle [sth] vtr (herd livestock)放牧；驱赶wrap [sth] vtr (gift: cover with paper) (礼物等)包装Ellen wrapped Olivia's birthday present.艾伦吧送给奥利维亚的生日礼物包装了起来。wrap [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep (gift: cover) (礼物)用…包裹，将…包裹在…里Peter wrapped his Christmas presents in shiny paper.彼得用闪闪发光的包装纸包裹他准备的圣诞礼物。wrap [sth] vtr (enclose)包裹；裹起；包起Alan wrapped the leftovers and put them in the fridge.亚伦把剩菜包起来，放入了冰箱中。wrap [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep (cover, enclose in [sth])用…裹住；将…卷在…里Rachel wrapped some salad in a tortilla for lunch.蕾切尔将沙拉卷在玉米饼里当做午餐。wrap [sb] in [sth] vtr + prep (envelop, clothe in [sth])用…包裹某人Emily wrapped her baby in a towel and put talc on his feet.艾米丽用毛巾裹着宝宝，在他的脚上抹上爽身粉。wrap [sth] around [sth] v expr (cover, envelop with)把...包裹起来I wrapped ribbon around it to make it look pretty.wrapped up in [sth], wrapped up with [sth] expr figurative, informal (person: preoccupied)一心只想着；全神贯注于某事；对某事心事重重She was very wrapped up in her plans for Christmas.她一心只想着自己圣诞节的计划。wrapped up in [sth] expr (enveloped or packaged in)包装在…内的The candies came wrapped up in cellophane.wrapped up in [sth] expr figurative, informal (preoccupied by)全神贯注于…的I tried to talk to the boss, but he's wrapped up in his own problems.wreak [sth] on [sb/sth] vtr literary, used in expressions (inflict) (伤害)造成The hurricane wreaked destruction on several coastal towns.wreak havoc on [sth], wreak havoc with [sth] v expr (make chaotic)对…造成严重破坏Hurricanes wreak havoc on coastal areas. The funeral procession wreaked havoc on local traffic.wreath of [sth] n figurative (curling form)圈；环；环状物Wreaths of smoke hung in the air.一圈圈烟雾在空中升起。wreath [sth] vtr figurative (envelop, surround)环住；围成一圈；团团围住White clouds wreathed the mountains.山戴着一条白云做的围巾。wreath [sth/sb] in [sth] vtr + prep figurative, often passive (envelop in [sth])用…缭绕着；用…包围着；用…笼罩着Smog wreathed the city in a choking, yellow haze.呛人的黄色烟雾笼罩着城市。wreathe [sth] vtr (envelop, surround)缭绕；笼罩Black smoke from the burning building wreathed the nearby square.wreathe [sth] in [sth] vtr + prep (envelop, surround in)把...笼罩于...wreck [sth] vtr (destroy: car, bike) (造成汽车、自行车等的损毁事件)使出事，使发生事故；撞毁，砸烂，毁掉Harry wrecked his car when he drove it into a tree.哈利开车撞倒了树上，车子被撞了个稀巴烂。wreck [sth] vtr (ruin)破坏；毁坏The rain wrecked Melanie's plans to go on a picnic.那场雨破坏了梅勒妮野餐的计划。wreck [sth] vtr (reputation: destroy) (名声)破坏，损害The scandal wrecked the politician's reputation; he never worked again.那场丑闻让那名政客身败名裂，他再也没有复出工作了。wreck [sth] vtr (ship: destroy) (船只)使…失事，使…遇难The storm wrecked the ship.风暴使船只失事。wrench [sth] vtr (twist)拧, 扭；拧伤, 扭伤Frank wrenched his ankle playing football.wrench [sth] vtr (pull violently)猛拉；强扭；猛拧The knight wrenched his sword from its sheath.Rachel wrenched the door, but it wouldn't budge.wrest [sth] from [sb/sth] vtr (pull away by force)强行取去；抢走The police officer managed to wrest the pistol from the gunman's hand.wrest [sth/sb] vtr (obtain by force)强行夺取；强夺；抢夺King Henry VIII seized his chance to wrest power away from Rome.wrest [sth] vtr (twist, wring)用力扭；使劲拧Mary succeeded in wresting her arm free from her attacker.wrestle with [sth] vi + prep figurative (mentally: struggle)绞尽脑汁地处理；与…进行思想斗争We're wrestling with a pretty catastrophic budget shortfall.Paul wrestled with his conscience after he stole the car.我们一直在绞尽脑汁地对付预算严重不足的问题。// 保罗偷车后一直在和自己的良心作斗争。wrestle with [sth] vi + prep figurative (struggle physically with: [sth]) (比喻)与…斗争Jack wrestled with the juice bottle for several minutes, but the cap wouldn't come off.杰克和果汁瓶斗争了好几分钟，可还是没有把盖子拧开。wring [sth] vtr (twist)拧, 绞The farmer wrung the chicken's neck.wring [sth] vtr (hand: grip)紧紧握住；紧紧抓住Upon meeting the man who had saved his wife's life, John grasped his hand and wrung it.wring [sth] out, wring out [sth] vtr + adv (twist to expel liquid)拧干；挤出Wring out that dishcloth so it will dry faster.wrinkle [sth] vtr (make wrinkled)使起皱；使打皱；使皱起Lydia wrinkled her brow in concentration.莉迪亚皱起眉，集中精力。write [sth] vtr (form letters, inscribe)书写；写George can write his name already.乔治已经会写自己的名字了。write [sth] vtr (author: a book, etc.)写（书）；著（书）Elizabeth wants to write a book.伊丽莎白想要写本书。write [sth] vtr (compose: a document, letter, etc.) (文件、信件等)写I wrote a long email and then deleted it.我写了一封长信，然后又删掉了。write [sth] to [sb] vtr + prep (communicate in writing)给某人写某物I'm going to write a letter to my friend.我要给朋友写封信。write [sth] vtr (compose: music)作（曲）；谱（曲）Andrew is writing a symphony.write [sth] vtr (computers: record) (电脑)将…录入, 将…写入, 将…存入The computer is writing the information to the drive.write on [sth] vi + prep (inscribe [sth] on)在…上写字He broke his leg and we wrote on his cast to wish him a speedy recovery.他摔断了腿，我们在他的石膏上写字，祝他早日康复。write [sth] vtr (record in writing)用笔记录；写She wrote a report of the incident.她写了一份关于事件的报道。write about [sth] vtr (write on the subject of)以…为题材写作Many authors write about war.write [sth] off as [sth], write off [sth] as [sth] v expr (record as total loss)把…减记为…If someone owes you money and they do not pay it, you can cancel the debt and write it off as a loss for your business.如果有人欠你钱且没有偿还，你可以抵销债务，将它作为你生意的损失。write [sb] off as [sth], write off [sb] as [sth] v expr figurative, informal (consider a failure)把…看作Alison's teachers had written her off as a failure.艾莉森的老师将她视作是失败者。wrong side, wrong side of [sth] n (incorrect side)某物错误的一边The old man was driving on the wrong side of the road.X-ray [sth/sb], x-ray [sth/sb] vtr (examine by radiograph)照X光The doctor will x-ray your leg to see if any bones are broken.Xerox [sth], xerox [sth] vtr dated, ® (photocopy) (商标)静电复印备注: As a registered trademark, “Xerox” should be capitalized, but it is often not capitalized in informal communication.备注: Xerox中文名施乐，该公司总部位于美国，主营办公设备。Can you please xerox these files for me?能麻烦你帮我复印一下这些文件吗？xylograph [sth] vtr (print using woodcut)木版印刷yank [sth] vtr (pull strongly on)用力拉；猛拽If you yank that rope the bell will start swinging.yank on [sth] vi + prep (pull strongly on)猛拉Anna yanked on the horse's reins and rode off.yank [sth] off, yank off [sth] vtr + adv (remove forcefully and quickly)扯掉；揪掉yank [sth] out, yank out [sth] vtr + adv (remove forcibly)拽出来；用力扯下来；使劲拽下来yardstick of [sth] n figurative (measure)衡量标准, 评判标准The university uses the exam as a yardstick to measure how much progress the students have made.yawn [sth] vtr (say with a yawn)打着呵欠说"I'm tired," Jenny yawned. "I think I'll go to bed."“我累了。”珍妮打着呵欠说， “我得去睡觉了。”yean [sth] vtr (give birth to: lamb, kid)产，生yearn to do [sth] v expr (want: to do)渴望做某事；盼望做某事The little girl sat quietly at her desk, but she was yearning to go outside and play in the sunshine.那个小女儿安静规矩地坐在桌旁，但内心却渴望到外面去，在阳光下玩耍嬉戏。yearn for [sth/sb] vi + prep (desire)渴望；想望I yearn for a home-cooked meal.yell at [sb/sth] vi + prep (shout angrily at)对...怒吼；对...喊叫Susan yelled at her dog but the barking continued.苏珊对她的狗怒吼，不过狗吠声没有停下。yell [sth] vtr (scream, shout)尖叫着说；叫喊着说The woman was yelling insults at the shop assistant.那个女子叫喊着辱骂店员。yellow [sth] vtr (make yellow, discolor)使…变黄；使…褪色The sun yellowed the plastic.阳光照射会让塑料变黄。yield [sth] vtr (surrender) (武器等)缴, 交出； (常作surrender oneself)使投降, 使屈服, 使束手就擒The army yielded its weapons to the enemy.yield [sth] vtr (admit another's superiority)承认...优于； (观点、论点等)放弃I have to yield my argument. You are right.yield [sth] vtr (agriculture: produce) (农业)取得…收成, 出产The farm yielded a good crop of potatoes.yield [sth] vtr (finance: produce) (收益等)取得, 带来The investment yielded a strong return.yo-yo, yo-yo between [sth] and [sth] v expr figurative, informal (fluctuate, go back and forth)来回摇摆I seem to spend my time yo-yoing between depression and anger.the yoke of [sth/sb] n figurative (burden) (比喻)（处于）…的奴役之下，受…的束缚The employees found themselves under the yoke of a slave-driving boss.员工们发现，他们正受一名严苛残酷的老板的奴役。yoke [sth] to [sth] vtr + prep (animal: attach to plough) (牲口)给…套上（犁、车等）The farmer yoked the oxen to the plough.农夫给牛套上犁。yuppify [sth/sb] vtr usually passive (make more upmarket)雅皮化zap [sth] vtr informal (strike, attack: an insect, etc.) (昆虫等)猛地打中This electronic device is great for zapping mosquitoes.zap [sth] vtr informal (cook in microwave oven)用微波炉烹制Fiona zapped her meal in the microwave.zero [sth] vtr (change to 0)使归零；使变为零Rose placed the bowl on the electronic scales, weighed out the butter, and then zeroed the scales before adding the sugar.zero [sth] vtr (gun: set sights)对…做归零校正The marksman zeroed his rifle and took the shot.zero in on [sth] vtr informal (focus)集中火力于；集中注意力于An auditor knows how to zero in on the problems lurking in a financial report.zest [sth] vtr (a lemon) (用柠檬等)给…调味Zest the lemon, then squeeze out the juice.zhuzh [sth] vtr informal (make more exciting)使....更具吸引力；让...更精彩zinc [sth] vtr (coat with zinc)镀锌于The metalworker zinced the iron.zip [sth] vtr (computer file: compress) (电子档文件)压缩This file is too big to send; I'll have to zip it.文件太大了，要压缩一下才能发送。zip [sth] (UK), zipper [sth] (US) vtr (fasten with a zipper)给…拉上拉链；拉上…的拉链Grace zippered her bag shut.格蕾丝拉上了提包拉链。zone [sth] vtr (land use)将…分区；对…进行区域或范围划分；把…划作特殊区域This area is zoned for retail use.zonk [sb/sth] vtr slang, dated (hit)击打；打 |
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Fahrenheit英汉词典共收录926129条英汉词条，基本涵盖了全部常用汉语及英语词汇的翻译、用法及例句，是中英文学习的有利工具。